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Frugalware 2.0-115736-gcfe0836 (Rigel) Documentation

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Table of Contents

1. Introduction

    1.1. Things that you should really read
    1.2. Running console commands

2. About Frugalware

    2.1. Short
    2.2. Long

3. Quick reference

    3.1. Informations
    3.2. Features

4. Installation

    4.1. Hardware requirements
    4.2. Choosing installation flavor
    4.3. Obtaining a source media
    4.4. Using packages from CD/DVD
    4.5. The installation process

5. Upgrading from Frugalware 1.9 to 2.0

    5.1. Preamble
    5.2. Deprecated package removal
    5.3. pacman-g2
    5.4. Upgrading the system
    5.5. Updating config files
    5.6. bind update
    5.7. The reboot

6. Basic configuration

    6.1. Introduction
    6.2. GRUB
    6.3. Kernel modules
    6.4. Accounts and passwords
    6.5. Network
    6.6. Timezone
    6.7. Mouse
    6.8. Graphical interface

7. Pacman-G2

    7.1. Basics
    7.2. Apt - pacman-g2 cross reference

8. Networking

    8.1. Initializing the network card
    8.2. The netconfig utility
    8.3. Basic firewall configuration

9. Graphical interface (X11)

    9.1. Configuring your graphics card
    9.2. 3D acceleration, binary drivers
    9.3. Allow root login in KDM/GDM

10. Sound

    10.1. Configuring the sound card
    10.2. Volume configuration with alsamixer

11. Printing

    11.1. Before you start
    11.2. Configuring the printer
    11.3. My printer is not listed
    11.4. Multiple pages on a single sheet
    11.5. Troubleshooting

12. The hotplug subsystem

    12.1. udev
    12.2. Pen/Thumbdrives
    12.3. Digital cameras
    12.4. Automounting: D-BUS, HAL and Ivman; Gnome and KDE

13. The init scripts, bootup

    13.1. About the kernel
    13.2. Init scripts and services
    13.3. System boot, targets
    13.4. GRUB gfxmenu
    13.5. Splashy

14. How to contribute

    14.1. Donations of money
    14.2. Translation
    14.3. Application packaging
    14.4. Developing
    14.5. Donating hardware
    14.6. Artwork
    14.7. Support
    14.8. Find bugs

15. The Frugalware Bug Reporting HOWTO

    15.1. Introduction
    15.2. Where
    15.3. General
    15.4. Bug reports
    15.5. Feature Requests
    15.6. Pacman-g2 problems
    15.7. Fixed in git

16. Mobile computers

    16.1. Battery, buttons, thermal management
    16.2. Conserving power
    16.3. Hibernation

17. Packages

    17.1. amavisd-new
    17.2. android-sdk
    17.3. apache
    17.4. asciidoc
    17.5. autojump
    17.6. avahi
    17.7. b43-fwcutter
    17.8. ccache
    17.9. cryptsetup-luks
    17.10. cyrus-sasl
    17.11. dante
    17.12. ddclient
    17.13. dhcp
    17.14. dspam
    17.15. fuse
    17.16. gammu
    17.17. git
    17.18. gnome-bluetooth
    17.19. grub2
    17.20. help2man
    17.21. hostapd
    17.22. kexec-tools
    17.23. keychain
    17.24. ksplice
    17.25. lesspipe
    17.26. lmsensors
    17.27. lvm2
    17.28. mailman
    17.29. man-db
    17.30. monit
    17.31. munin
    17.32. nss-mdns
    17.33. openssh
    17.34. pdns
    17.35. php
    17.36. pm-radeon
    17.37. pootle
    17.38. postfix
    17.39. postfixadmin
    17.40. postgrey
    17.41. pptpd
    17.42. pulseaudio
    17.43. qemu
    17.44. quota-tools
    17.45. rss2email
    17.46. screen
    17.47. squirrelmail
    17.48. squirrelmail-check_quota
    17.49. squirrelmail-login_notes
    17.50. stunnel
    17.51. syslinux
    17.52. trac
    17.53. uget
    17.54. vim
    17.55. x11vnc
    17.56. xcache

18. Mailing List Rules

    18.1. Introduction
    18.2. Mailing Lists
    18.3. Frugalware developers
    18.4. Off-list discussion
    18.5. Top posting and HTML messages
    18.6. Archives

19. IRC Rules

    19.1. Introduction
    19.2. Welcome
    19.3. IRC channels
    19.4. Frugalware developers
    19.5. Off-topic discussion
    19.6. Asking questions
    19.7. Paste
    19.8. Is mxw_ a bot?
    19.9. Bouncers, leaving your client online when you’re away
    19.10. Private messaging
    19.11. Logging
    19.12. Verbose away messages, away nicks

20. Checking if Frugalware tarballs are from a trusted source

    20.1. How to verify
    20.2. The meaning of this signature

21. Creating new packages

    21.1. Introduction
    21.2. Recompiling packages
    21.3. Use variables
    21.4. A simple example
    21.5. Full reference
    21.6. Subpackages
    21.7. Compiling the package
    21.8. Kernel modules
    21.9. Repoman

22. This is a small tutorial for those who want to contribute to
    Frugalware

    22.1. Ways of contributing

23. Security support

    23.1. Introduction
    23.2. Handling security bugs
    23.3. How to release an FSA?
    23.4. How to notice security issues
    23.5. How to get patches
    23.6. Versioning

24. Handling git repositories

    24.1. Introduction
    24.2. Name of the repository
    24.3. Location of the repository
    24.4. Registering for the gitweb interface
    24.5. Enabling hooks for your repository
    24.6. Setting up server configuration for a WIP repo
    24.7. Enabling syncpkgd support for a WIP repo

25. GNOME Bump HOWTO

    25.1. GNOME compile order
    25.2. Bumping individual packages

26. KDE Bump HOWTO

    26.1. KDE4
    26.2. KDE5

27. Frugalware Release HOWTO

    27.1. Introduction
    27.2. A testing release
    27.3. Preparing
    27.4. Creating the stable tree
    27.5. Updating the -current tree
    27.6. Updating the -stable tree
    27.7. Testing
    27.8. Announcement
    27.9. For the next release

28. Artwork requirements

    28.1. Introduction
    28.2. The rules

29. Table of user / group ids used in Frugalware
30. List of packages needs to be rebuilt after the given bumped

    30.1. kernel
    30.2. mysql
    30.3. libgda
    30.4. db
    30.5. gnutls
    30.6. dbus
    30.7. dbus-mono
    30.8. neon
    30.9. binutils
    30.10. libtasn1
    30.11. gstreamer
    30.12. gtk+2
    30.13. libcdio
    30.14. vte
    30.15. firefox
    30.16. xulrunner
    30.17. wireless_tools
    30.18. parted
    30.19. libpqxx
    30.20. openobex
    30.21. bluez-libs
    30.22. gail
    30.23. imagemagick
    30.24. evolution-data-server
    30.25. x264
    30.26. ocaml
    30.27. openbox
    30.28. pilot-link
    30.29. php
    30.30. libevent
    30.31. exiv2
    30.32. icu4c
    30.33. c-ares
    30.34. libofx
    30.35. directfb
    30.36. sword
    30.37. gpm
    30.38. libtorrent-rasterbar
    30.39. ghc

31. Creating translations for init scripts

    31.1. Preparing the source
    31.2. Creating the pot file
    31.3. Creating a po file
    31.4. Creating the mo files

32. Frugalware Asciidoc quickstart

    32.1. Features
    32.2. Restrictions
    32.3. Skeleton for README.Frugalwares
    32.4. Skeleton for standalone documentation
    32.5. Buiding it on your own machine
    32.6. Adding a new project to Pootle

33. Frequently Asked Developer Questions

    33.1. What is the recommended way to version bump a package if I
        don’t have git push access?
    33.2. makepkg ends up with <packagename>: /usr/info/dir: exists
        in filesystem
    33.3. I can’t pacman-g2 -Su <package>, it says local version is
        newer, but I know it isn’t!
    33.4. What does 5.55 SBU mean?
    33.5. Why do maintainers cry about my new package’s tarball?
    33.6. What should and shouldn’t I include in depends(), rodepends
        () and makedepends()?
    33.7. What are the various dependancy-control arrays for?
    33.8. How can I have PHP to work with my newly packaged
        eaccelerator/anything extension?
    33.9. How can I cross-compile (package) an
        architecture-independent (non-binary) program?
    33.10. repoman upd can’t create /var/fst/ as it already exists
    33.11. How can I access the central FW repo (mirrors are too slow
        for me)?
    33.12. What should I write as patch name and long comment at
        repoman rec?
    33.13. Where should I place my comments about a package?
    33.14. I want to work with the latest development version of
        pacman&co.! How?
    33.15. Naming locale packages
    33.16. Error handling
    33.17. Permissions
    33.18. Stripping
    33.19. When should I use $Fsrcdir and $Fdestdir
    33.20. When should I increment a package’s release number?
    33.21. How do I repair a corrupted package database?

34. Frugalware Source Tree Testsuite

    34.1. Introduction
    34.2. Rules
    34.3. Technical details

35. Translations

    35.1. Introduction
    35.2. Rules
    35.3. Goals
    35.4. Overview

36. How to port Frugalware to a new architecture

    36.1. Introduction
    36.2. Toolchain
    36.3. Base system
    36.4. The rest

37. GNU Free Documentation License

    37.1. PREAMBLE
    37.2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
    37.3. VERBATIM COPYING
    37.4. COPYING IN QUANTITY
    37.5. MODIFICATIONS
    37.6. COMBINING DOCUMENTS
    37.7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
    37.8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
    37.9. TRANSLATION
    37.10. TERMINATION
    37.11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

Copyright (C) 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014,
2015 The Frugalware Developer Team.

Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document
under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2
or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts.
A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU
Free Documentation License".


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1. Introduction

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Before you start to read this document, you should know some
important things about how to read it.


1.1. Things that you should really read

--------------

First there are some part of this document that you should really
read, to understand how Frugalware works and how to administer it.

Important references to read:

  * This introduction ;)
  * How to use pacman-g2.
  * How to manage services.


1.2. Running console commands

--------------

Throughout this document, there is boxed text which shows you console
output. These are important and require quite some attention since
most of the time you are expected to run them and get the same
output.

$ echo foo bar
foo bar

This is how a console log look. Let’s look at its details so you
understand what it means.

The echo foo bar part is what you should type and it’s the command.
The following line foo bar is the output of the previous command.

<<<>>>

You may wonder what differentiates the command from the output. You
see that in front of the command there is a $. This indicates that
it’s a command line, but there is more meaning in this symbol. This
symbol can change depending on the user privileges required to run
the command.

Here is the list of the common prefix for the console commands:

  * $ indicates that any user can run the command. Most of the time
    it means you have to run it with your own user account.
  * user$ indicates that the specified user’s privileges are required
    to run this command. Usually this is necessary for security
    reasons.

    You can get an interactive shell for this user, replacing user
    with the desired user name, by issuing:

    $ su - user

  * # indicates that the root user’s privileges are required to run
    this command. Usually this is required to manage the system
    configuration.

    You can get an interactive shell for root running:

    $ su -


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2. About Frugalware

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       Seeing this feast of wonderful code spread in front of  
       me as a working system was a much more powerful
       experience than merely knowing, intellectually, that
       all the bits were probably out there. It was as though
       for years I’d been sorting through piles of
       disconnected car parts - only to be suddenly
       confronted with those same parts assembled into a
       gleaming red Ferrari, door open, keys swinging from
       the lock and engine gently purring with a promise of
       power…

                                                  -- Eric S. Raymond

The aim of creating Frugalware was to help you do your work faster
and simpler. We hope you will like it. In this introduction, we would
like to answer a few questions which were asked in several interview
with Miklos, the founder of the project. You can reach the full list
of articles that have been posted about Frugalware here.


2.1. Short

--------------

Frugalware is a general purpose Linux distribution, designed for
intermediate users (who are not afraid of text mode).


2.2. Long

--------------

What branches does Frugalware have?

“We have a -current and a -stable branch. The -current branch is
updated daily, and we provide security support for our -stable branch
till the next release, for approximately 6 months.”

What is "The Frugalware Philosophy" about?

“Briefly: simplicity, multimedia, design. We try to make Frugalware
as simple as possible while not forgetting to keep it comfortable for
the user. We try to ship fresh and stable software, as close to the
original source as possible, because in our opinion most software is
the best as is, and doesn’t need patching.”

What is the license of Frugalware?

“The license of Frugalware itself stands for the license of the
buildscripts used for building Frugalware. That source is available
under the GPL license here. Frugalware’s original init scripts were
written by Patrick J. Volkerding, creator of the Slackware Linux
distribution. We release out additions under the GPL, but Patrick J.
Volkerding’s code is still under the BSD license. Frugalware also has
a few side projects, like our pacman-g2 package manager, the
Frugalware installer an so on. They are available under the GPL
license, too. For more info about the license of the packages
included in Frugalware, refer to the /usr/share/doc/*/COPYING files.”

What package manager does Frugalware use?

“We have our own package manager, called pacman-g2. It stands for the
second generation of the pacman-g1 package manager, as it was
originally based on Judd Vinet’s great work. The packages are simple
.tar.bz2 files, pacman-g2 is written in C, unlike Slackware’s
shellscript-based package manager (which may be rather slow
sometimes).”

How does Frugalware manage updating obsolete packages?

“We don’t have any standalone program for updating packages as
pacman-g2 manages this task too. To update your package database, use
pacman-g2 -Sy, and to update your packages according the just
synchronized package database, you use pacman-g2 -Su. To install
package foo with the necessary dependencies directly from one of our
ftp servers, you should issue pacman-g2 -S foo. For more information,
refer to the pacman-g2 man page.”

Is there any community support available for Frugalware?

“We have mailing lists, IRC channels and forums that can be used to
communicate with developers or with other users and to get help. You
can reach the list of mailing lists available here. The IRC channels
are on the Freenode network (server: irc.freenode.net), the
discussion forums are available here.”

Is there any commercial support available for Frugalware?

“No, there isn’t for now, and currently it isn’t planned, either.”

For whom is Frugalware recommended to use?

“Frugalware is designed for intermediate users. Installing Frugalware
doesn’t require any magic, of course, but you should read some
documentation if you don’t know what a partition, an MBR (Master Boot
Record), etc. is.”

How to become a developer?

“Get involved! :) Download the FST (Frugalware Source Tree) using the
repoman upd command, which is available in the pacman-tools package.
Then start to play with the FrugalBuild scripts, for a skeleton,
refer to the /docs/skel directory. Try to improve them, or write a
new one for a currently unsupported program. Then open feature
requests in the Bug Tracking System and attach your patches. From
this point everything will come naturally to you :)”

What do developers do?

“In short, what they want to, if they play a square game. They may
maintain packages: building them if a newer version is available and
update the FrugalBuild scripts to work correctly against a newer
version. They can contribute a new build script for a previously
non-existent package. They write documentation, fix bugs, provides
support, or anything else in connection with the Frugalware
community. If you want to help us, but you don’t want to be a
developers, you may help in translating Frugalware to your or other
language. And, of course, we happily accept donations. :) More info
here.”

Who develops Frugalware?

“An amazing group of volunteers, who are motived by the users to do
so. They also do it as a hobby, and they are always working on having
up to date knowledge to make Frugalware even better for you.”

Is Frugalware specialized in a certain purpose?

“No, it’s a general purpose distribution, for desktops, mobile
computers and servers.”

Do you plan to release a live cd?

“Well, we have already a live cd, called FwLive. Currently it
supports only i686, but an x86_64 version is also under development.
You can find it in the standard release directories.”

Does Frugalware support languages other than English?

“Yes, it supports all languages supported by the packages. If the
init scripts, the setup or the documentation is not available in your
language, then it simply means they haven’t yet been translated.”

What about Asian languages?

“Frugalware roughly supports Asian languages, but don’t expect too
much - using UTF8 is not the default where it is possible.”

What architectures does Frugalware support?

“Currently we support x86 (Pentium Pro or higher), x86_64 (k8, aka.
amd64) platforms and arm”

How are compressed the Frugalware packages ?

“FPM packages were originally .tar.gz packages, then a bit later we
migrated to libarchive, which allowed bzip2 compression. Life was
good, but then lzma was came, and I added support for libarchive,
though others were not really interested in a migration, so we stick
to .tar.bz2. A few months ago libarchive got support for the xz
format (which is the successor of lzma), so we switched to it.
pacman-g2 still support .tar.gz and .tar.bz2 as well, and the package
extension is .fpm all the time to make it clear that it’s a
Frugalware package”


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3. Quick reference

---------------------------------------------------------------------


3.1. Informations

--------------

  * Package management: pacman-g2 (command line)
  * Linux kernel 2.6 (no 2.4 support)
  * The latest documentation is here.
  * Hardware requirements and list of supported architectures are in
    the Installation section of the documentation.


3.2. Features

--------------

  * Stable releases every 6 months
  * Security support for stable releases
  * Text mode installation
  * Optional graphical installation
  * Offline installation, netboot install supported
  * Prebuilt CD/DVD/USB hybrid, TFTP images are available
  * Localization supported whereever it’s possible
  * About 5000 source packages and (as of March 2011) 6000 binary
    packages supported.


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4. Installation

---------------------------------------------------------------------


4.1. Hardware requirements

--------------

Given that the number of selected packages to install makes a lot of
difference, there is no general answer. Though the followings are
recommended for a default install:

  * Fearless attitude towards text mode
  * Some kind of installation media or set of downloaded packages

4.1.1. i686

  * A recent (read: Pentium 2 or higher) 32-bit Intel - or compatible
    - CPU
  * 256MB of RAM
  * 8GB of disk space (1GB for a minimal install)

4.1.2. x86_64

  * A 64-bit AMD - or compatible, so EM64T is fine - CPU
  * 256MB of RAM
  * 8GB of disk space (1GB for a minimal install)

4.1.3. arm

  * A Marvell Kirkwood platform (e.g. SheevaPlug, Seagate Dockstar,
    OpenRD, …)
  * 32MB of RAM
  * 1GB of disk space


4.2. Choosing installation flavor

--------------

Depending on your needs, there are different installers with
different characteristics. You can choose which fits you the best.

4.2.1. Installing from CD

This image contains only a base system, which means the minimal set
of packages so that later from the system you can install any other
package. It may be handy in case the network installer does not
recognize your network card.

Pros: Quick and easy to install, even if you network card does not
work out of the box.

Cons: You need to knowledge on how to extend the installed system to
the average requirements.

4.2.2. Installing from DVD

This contains all packages from the main groups.

Pros: a full offline installation is possible.

Cons: Large amount of data must be downloaded, presumably some
unnecessary packages too.

4.2.3. USB isohybrid image

The ISO images you would use to burn the CD now also double as the
USB image as well. They are installed the same way as the old USB
images were. All you do is copy them directly to the USB stick’s
device node.

Pros: No need to burn any CD, you can reuse the media.

Cons: You have to be able to boot from USB.

Warning

Writing the image to a USB stick will destroy all the data on the
drive. Be careful when specifying target devices / partitions
othervise you can easily loose data.

The following command will install the image to the USB stick on any
recent Linux system:

Important

Pay attention to see what /dev/sdX device your USB stick is, for
example by having a look at the contents of the /dev/disk/by-id/
directory!

# dd if=frugalware-<version>-<arch>-cd1.iso of=/dev/sdX

You might be able to use a similar tool (like this) on Windows
systems as well, but it seems only supports partitions not whole
disks. If you can find a way to successfully write an USB image under
Windows, please share with us.

4.2.4. TFTP image

This is a floppy image, for a very special case:

  * you want to do a network installation
  * you don’t want to / can’t use CDs
  * you don’t want to / can’t boot from an USB stick
  * you can boot from a network card, but your BIOS does not supports
    so
  * you have a floppy drive

Pros: In some cases this is the only way you can install Frugalware

Cons: You need a bootable network card and a working TFTP server

4.2.5. Fwbootstrap (self-contained chroot)

This is a tarball which has to be downloaded and unpacked. Mostly
useful for developers who can compile packages in this build
environment on a non-Frugalware host system.

Usage example:

 1. Download the tarball

    $ wget ftp://ftp5.frugalware.org/packages/frugalware/pub/frugalware/\
    frugalware-stable-iso/fwchroot-<version>-<arch>.tar.bz2

 2. Unpack it

    $ tar xvjf fwchroot-<version>-<arch>.tar.bz2

 3. Enter the chroot.

    $ cd fwchroot-<version>-<arch>
    $ ./fwbootstrap

 4. Use it (build a package or two)
 5. Exit from the shell and fwbootstrap will unmount the necessary
    dirs for you.

You can get a list of installed packages in the chroot with issuing
the pacman-g2 -Q command.

4.2.6. A manual bootstrap

So you want a complete Frugalware installed into /mnt/foo. First of
all, you must have a running Frugalware where you are able to do

# pacman-g2 -Sy core base -r /mnt/foo

which installs the core and base pkgs into it. But beware:

$ pacman-g2 -Qo /etc/profile.d/lang.sh
No package owns /etc/profile.d/lang.sh
$ pacman-g2 -Qo /etc/fstab
No package owns /etc/fstab

so you have to copy or forge them by hand.

A script is available to somewhat automate this bootstrap method.

Note

Manual bootstrap is the only way to install the arm port at the
moment. Follow the qemu and real device arm-bootstrap howtos if you
need more info.


4.3. Obtaining a source media

--------------

A Frugalware installation media can be obtained from several sources.
You can download it freely via HTTP, FTP or rsync. You can also grab
it via bittorrent, see Linuxtracker for example.

The following examples explains how you can get the iso images. You
have to replace respectively $version$, $arch$ and $media$ to get the
wanted iso image.

Via FTP:

$ wget ftp://ftp3.frugalware.org/mirrors/frugalware/pub/frugalware/\
frugalware-$version$-iso/frugalware-$version$-$arch$-$media$.iso

Via HTTP:

$ wget http://www5.frugalware.org/linux/frugalware/pub/frugalware/\
frugalware-$version$-iso/frugalware-$version$-$arch$-$media$.iso

Via rsync:

$ rsync -avP rsync://rsync4.frugalware.org/ftp/pub/linux/distributions/\
frugalware/frugalware-$version$-iso/frugalware-$version$-$arch$-$media$.iso ./

More info and the full list of mirrors can be found at our download
page.


4.4. Using packages from CD/DVD

--------------

You have a skeleton system installed from CD/DVD, and you want to use
the packages from the media afterwards. There are two methods.

First is the easiest, but needs quite a lot of space (and caution not
to use pacman-g2 -Scc ;) ): mount the media and install all the
.fpm’s found in frugalware-i686 (or frugalware-x86_64) dir to /var/
cache/pacman/pkg.

Second is a bit more challenging, but more usable. Add a new line to 
/etc/pacman-g2/repos/frugalware before the other Server lines:

Server = file:///media/dvd/frugalware-i686

On x86_64, use this one:

Server = file:///media/dvd/frugalware-x86_64

The media should be mounted on /media/dvd, or change the Server lines
appropriately.

Also you can only install packages then from the given media, so you
have to insert the first CD if you install a package from the first
CD and so on. This is something you should pay attention for.


4.5. The installation process

--------------

Important

Do not worry if you misconfigured something! Just press <Cancel> in
the next dialog and you will see the menu. Just go back to the given
part and you can reconfigure it.

  * After downloading and burning the CDs/DVD, insert the first CD/
    DVD to your CD/DVD drive, and reboot your computer. In the grub
    menu, you can disable the framebuffer, if a framebuffer with
    resolution 1024x768 is not suitable for your graphics card or
    monitor. After that, grub loads the kernel and the initrd image.
  * At the first dialog, you should select your language. If your
    language is not on the list, you should choose a language fits
    for you. You can change these options after installing too.
  * The next dialog is only a greetings. Just push <Enter>. Now it is
    time to select your keyboard type. Pick your one, then hit <OK>!
  * After selecting your keyboard map, setup searches for
    installation media automatically.
  * If you use a netinstall image follow these sub-steps. Otherwise
    jump to the partitioning point!

    Note

    These steps sets up your network options during the install. When
    you finished installing Frugalware the installer will ask for
    network options again. Those options will be the installed
    system’s options.

     a. Now you should select your connection type. The installer
        uses the netconfig utility. You can also find the
        documentation for netconfig in this documentation. See the
        part called: Networking.
     b. After setting up the network you can choose a mirror for
        downloading the packages. The installer will try other
        mirrors too. This feature is useful when you have got a fast
        local mirror or something similar.
  * The next step is partitioning. Frugalware setup displays a list
    of your hard disks, you should choose one of them to partition it
    with a program. You can select the partitioning program in the
    next dialog, currently fdisk and cfdisk are included. You should
    create at least one partition with type Linux, and it is
    recommended to create a swap partition (with type Linux swap).
    The swap size should be 500-1000MB. When you have finished
    partitioning, press <Continue>.
  * The following list displays your swap partitions, here you can
    choose which swap partitions are allowed to be used by
    Frugalware. Then setup formats your swap partitions. If you have
    no swap partition just press <Cancel>!
  * In the next window, you should select your root partition first,
    then you can choose if you wish to format it or keep the existing
    filesystem on it. After selecting the root partition, you can
    setup other Linux partitions, optionally format them, and set
    their mount points. Using a separate partition is supported for /
    boot, /home, /var, but not for /usr (see here for more info).
  * After having your Linux partitions mounted, you should do the
    same with your DOS/Windows ones. Setup will display a list of
    them, if any exists. You should simply choose a mount point for
    them here.
  * Now it is the time to select if you want to use expert menus or
    not. If you choose expert menu after selecting the categories you
    will be able to pick packages one-by-one from the selected
    categories. So if you select apps and base the installer will
    give you a list of packages in apps, when you finished picking
    the packages you will see the packages in base. After picking
    them the installation begins.

    If you choose the normal menu (it’s the default) then you will
    only see the groups, but not the individual packages. So after
    picking the groups installation starts.

  * The next step is to select package categories. If you will not
    use KDE or GNOME, you may probably want to disable them. In most
    cases, it is not a good idea to disable other categories. If you
    selected the expert menu you will see the package list after this
    dialog.

    Note

    If the group list is empty that means you probably misconfigured
    your network. Please go back and try to fix it. You can also test
    your connection if you press Alt+F2 and try to ping some servers.

  * Setup will install the packages your selected from the first CD.
    When it is done, you will be prompted to insert the next
    Frugalware install. If you have only one disc, feel free to abort
    installing packages, you can install anything else from the net
    later.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

5. Upgrading from Frugalware 1.9 to 2.0

---------------------------------------------------------------------


5.1. Preamble

--------------

The aim of this howto is to show how you can upgrade a Frugalware-1.9
(Arcturus) system to Frugalware-2.0 (Rigel).


5.2. Deprecated package removal

--------------

Some packages will not gracefully be removed because of strict
dependencies. If you encounter a message such as this during a system
upgrade:

:: foobar-subpkg: requires foobar=1.0.0

Then you will need to perform this command for each of the removed
packages:

pacman-g2 -Rd <PACKAGES>

<PACKAGES> must be replaced by the names of each of the removed
packages. This must be done prior to the system upgrade.


5.3. pacman-g2

--------------

The new release comes with an improved pacman-g2, you should install
it first:

pacman-g2 -Sy pacman-g2


5.4. Upgrading the system

--------------

Now it’s time to upgrade the system itself:

pacman-g2 -Su
:: Starting local database upgrade...

You will be asked to replace some packages automatically. These are
normal and you are expected to answer Y to these questions (or just
hit ENTER).

After this, the list of to-be-upgraded packages is displayed. Just
hit enter and wait. Make some tea, it can take a while. :-)


5.5. Updating config files

--------------

pacman-g2 does not touch configuration files in case you customized
them. You should run

find /etc -name '*.pacnew'

and update each configuration file based on the .pacnew version. Once
you’re done with one, you should remove the .pacnew file.


5.6. bind update

--------------

The caching example configuration we provide in the bind package is
updated, and named.ca is renamed to named.root. If you build your
real configuration on top of this example, make sure you update your
named.conf.


5.7. The reboot

--------------

Since the kernel is upgraded, too, you have to reboot your machine.

Done!


---------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Basic configuration

---------------------------------------------------------------------


6.1. Introduction

--------------

After the installation of the packages, Frugalware setup will
configure your new Frugalware system. If you installed the packages
manually, then you’ll have to perform those configuration steps
manually.

Note

If any problem occurs, there is a debug console on tty4, you can see
that by pressing Alt-F4. You can switch back by hitting Alt-F1.


6.2. GRUB

--------------

The first step is to install GRUB onto your hard disk. There are four
options here: installing to the MBR, the root partition, a floppy or
simply skipping. Installing to the MBR is the good choice if you want
Frugalware to manage your computer’s booting. The root is a good idea
if you want to install GRUB into your root partition. In this case,
GRUB will not modify your existing boot manager. Floppy is a good
idea for example if you don’t have any boot manager installed, but
you want to leave your MBR unmodified.


6.3. Kernel modules

--------------

After the installation of GRUB, the installer will configure your
kernel modules. This means that an information dialog appears, but
nothing more.


6.4. Accounts and passwords

--------------

After module configuration, you should change the root password. This
is very important as there is no default password. If you skip this
step, anybody will be able to login as root.

After this step, you can create a regular (also known as non-root)
user. It’s highly recommended to create one, and log in as a regular
user. If a command should be run as root, you should use su or sudo
under console, and gksu or kdesu under X.


6.5. Network

--------------

After this, setup will configure your network settings. Setup simply
runs the netconfig utility, which is described in the Networking
section.


6.6. Timezone

--------------

If network installation is done, we should configure the system’s
time. This means two actions. First, you should decide if the
hardware (BIOS) clock is set to Coordinated Universal Time (UTC). If
yes, select yes here. If the hardware clock is set to the current
local time (this is how most PCs are set up), say no here. If you are
not sure what is this, you should answer no here.


6.7. Mouse

--------------

The next step is to configure your mouse. The configuration will take
effect on the console mouse services (gpm) and on the X server. The
setting is done by xconfig later.


6.8. Graphical interface

--------------

If you have installed an X server (by default xorg), the setup will
run xconfig. For more information on xconfig, see the section
Graphical interface (X11).


---------------------------------------------------------------------

7. Pacman-G2

---------------------------------------------------------------------


7.1. Basics

--------------

Frugalware comes with Pacman-G2 package manager. Pacman-G2 is a fork
of the not-yet-released cvs version of the complete rewrite of
pacman-g1 by Aurelien Foret (the old monolithic pacman-g1 is written
by Judd Vinet). See the README for details. If you want to do
anything with packages, you’ll always have to use the pacman-g2
command. Here are some basic actions with pacman-g2:

Actions usually used with remote installation from an FTP server:

# pacman-g2 -Sy

Updates the package database. Before searching for packages or
installing them from an FTP server, you will have to use this
command.

# pacman-g2 -Su

Upgrades all packages that are currently installed but a newer
version of the package is available on the FTP server.

# pacman-g2 -Syu

The combination of the above two, that is the command most users use
daily.

$ pacman-g2 -Sup

Prints the URL of all packages that pacman-g2 should download. This
way you can download the packages anywhere and then just copy them to
/var/cache/pacman/pkg. This is very useful if you have limited
bandwidth at your computer, but you can access high bandwidth
elsewhere.

# pacman-g2 -S sendmail

Installs sendmail with all of its dependencies from the FTP server.
If it conflicts with any package, you will be asked if pacman-g2 is
allowed to remove them.

$ pacman-g2 -Ss perl

Searches in the package database (on the FTP server). This example
will probably display the perl package and all perl modules. Regular
expression based search is also supported.

Of course, you can treat packages as normal files, and you can
manually add/remove/etc them. Here are some examples:

# pacman-g2 -U zsh-4.2.1-1.fpm

Adds (or if it’s already installed, upgrades) the zsh package, which
is located in the current directory.

# pacman-g2 -R qt

Removes the qt package.

$ pacman-g2 -Qs perl

Shows every installed packages whose name contains the string perl.

Generally, if you want to turn off checking for conflicting files,
you should use the -f parameter, and if you want to turn off all
dependency checking, you should use the -d switch.

$ pacman-g2 -h

This displays all the switches we discussed above, and a lot more.
Once again, these are only the basics. You can also use pacman-g2 -Sh
or similar to get help on a particular task.

Note

Full documentation for pacman-g2 can be reached by issuing man
pacman-g2.


7.2. Apt - pacman-g2 cross reference

--------------

For those who are familiar with the apt package management tool, here
is a quick cross-reference.

+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|Action                         |Apt command      |Pacman-G2 command|
|-------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------|
|Refresh the package database:  |apt-get update   |pacman-g2 -Sy    |
|-------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------|
|Upgrade currently installed    |apt-get upgrade  |pacman-g2 -Su    |
|packages:                      |                 |                 |
|-------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------|
|Install a new package:         |apt-get install  |pacman-g2 -S foo |
|                               |foo              |                 |
|-------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------|
|Remove a package:              |apt-get remove   |pacman-g2 -Rc foo|
|                               |foo              |                 |
|-------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------|
|Search in the full package     |apt-cache search |pacman-g2 -Ss foo|
|database:                      |foo              |                 |
|-------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------|
|Install a package from a file: |dpkg -i foo.deb  |pacman-g2 -A     |
|                               |                 |foo.fpm          |
|-------------------------------+-----------------+-----------------|
|Clean the package cache:       |apt-get clean    |pacman-g2 -Sc    |
+-------------------------------------------------------------------+

---------------------------------------------------------------------

8. Networking

---------------------------------------------------------------------


8.1. Initializing the network card

--------------

In most cases, configuring your network card will be done
automatically by udev. This means that during every system boot your
network card will be detected, and the necessary modules will be
loaded. If you want, you can load your network card’s module manually
by editing the /etc/sysconfig/modules file and put the module in the
blacklist by editing /etc/sysconfig/blacklist. Configuring any
interface on your card will be the task of the netconfig utility.
Initializing your card ends here.


8.2. The netconfig utility

--------------

Configuring your network settings is done by the netconfig utility.

 1. First, we have to give a name to your computer. The name must
    consist of at least two parts, separated by a dot (.).
 2. In the next dialog, you should choose how your machine connects
    to the network. If you have an internal network card and an
    assigned IP address, gateway, and DNS, use static to enter these
    values. If your IP address is assigned by a DHCP server (commonly
    used by cable modem services, not equal to DSL services), select
    dhcp. In case you’ve got a DSL connection (eg. ADSL) choose the
    dsl option! Finally, if you do not have a network card, choose
    the lo choice. The lo is also the correct choice if you are using
    a PCMCIA network card.

    When you set up the network, the first question will be the
    interface you want to set up. It is usually eth0, but it can
    differ when you set up wireless interfaces for example. If you
    set up a wireless card netconfig will also ask your ESSID and
    encryption key.

     a. If you chose static, you must give your IP address, the
        netmask of your local network, your gateway address (you may
        leave it blank) and the IP address of your primary name
        server (you can add more nameservers later by editing the /
        etc/resolv.conf file) and then the configuration is finished.
     b. If you chose dhcp, you can optionally give your dhcp
        hostname, however, netconfig will not ask more questions
        about your network, since all other data will be provided by
        the DHCP server.
     c. If you chose dsl, you must give your username, something like
        someone@provider.net. Then you’ll have to specify the network
        interface (usually eth0) through which the ADSL connection
        script will try to communicate with your ADSL modem. Then
        enter your password twice.
     d. If you chose lo, you don’t have to answer any questions.
 3. Finally, netconfig will write all your network configuration
    files. If you want to edit your settings by hand, the interface
    information is stored in the /etc/sysconfig/network directory.
    There is only one file there called default in most cases. It’s
    because you can set up more than one profile. It’s very useful if
    you have a laptop so that you can set up options for all networks
    you use.


8.3. Basic firewall configuration

--------------

Frugalware comes with a firewall configuration working out of the
box. This allows all outgoing connections, and incoming packets for
established connections. It does not allow normal incoming packages
for any ports. The firewall configuration is at /etc/sysconfig/
firewall.

Note

You will not find this file if you have not installed iptables
package as this is an iptables firewall.

Let’s see an example: you would like to allow others to ssh into your
computer. Edit /etc/sysconfig/firewall, remove the hashmark (#) from
the beginning of the line under the # ssh description, and restart
the firewall:

# service firewall restart

The same applies for Apache or any other services.

If you would like to have any advanced firewall settings, configure
your firewall as root with iptables then save your config as root
with:

# iptables-save > /etc/sysconfig/firewall

Warning

It will overwrite your existing configuration! It is strongly
recommended to make a backup of /etc/sysconfig/firewall before saving
your settings.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

9. Graphical interface (X11)

---------------------------------------------------------------------


9.1. Configuring your graphics card

--------------

If you install X, a /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d directory will be created
for you, containing XOrg configuration fragment files. In most cases
the default configuration will be enough for you, but you can place
your own fragments there if you want to manually fine-tune some of
the settings.

A common problem is to use a keyboard layout different to the default
of the locale, for example you have a non-English locale, thus the
default keyboard layout isn’t English, either, but you want to have
such one. In that case you need to edit the evdev configuration:

# vi /etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/10-evdev.conf

and change the xkb_layout option there to us, for example.


9.2. 3D acceleration, binary drivers

--------------

If there is built-in 3d acceleration support for your card in X, UDev
will detect the necessary drivers and X will enable support for them.

If you have an NVIDIA card, you probably need the manufacturer’s
binary drivers. Obtaining the NVIDIA binary driver is fairly simple:

# pacman-g2 -Sy nvidia


9.3. Allow root login in KDM/GDM

--------------

By default, no root login is permitted on the GUI, the recommended
way of running graphical programs as root is to use gksu or kdesu.

To enable it anyway, the following lines should be edited:

For KDM (/etc/kde/config/kdm/kdmrc)

AllowRootLogin=false

modify to

AllowRootLogin=true

For GDM (/etc/gdm/gdm.conf)

AllowRoot=false

modify to

AllowRoot=true


---------------------------------------------------------------------

10. Sound

---------------------------------------------------------------------


10.1. Configuring the sound card

--------------

Frugalware uses the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA)
subsystem for sound cards. For older applications, the Open Sound
System (OSS) compatibility modules are loaded, but Frugalware does
not contain native OSS support.

Finding and loading the necessary module for your sound card is
fairly simple. The process is mostly the same as setting up your
network card. During every boot, the hotplug scripts will detect your
sound card, but, of course, you can take the automatically loaded
module to blacklist, and load it manually by editing /etc/sysconfig/
modules.


10.2. Volume configuration with alsamixer

--------------

By default, your sound card can be very loud. You can use alsamixer
to set the volume of your card. Use the < and > keys to mute a
channel, up and down keys to set the volume and left or right keys to
switch to another channel. You can quit alsamixer by hitting the Esc
key.

From now, during shutdown, Frugalware saves your settings, but you
can store or load them any time with the

# service alsa save

and the

# service alsa load

commands.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

11. Printing

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Frugalware uses the Common Unix Printing System (CUPS) for handling
printers and to manage printing.


11.1. Before you start

--------------

Here comes a few advice depending on what manufacturer made your
printer.

11.1.1. Hewlett-Packard

You need hpijs at least, but you can also install hplip for advanced
HP support. Also if you have got some priter&scanner machine it’s a
good idea to use hplip.

11.1.2. Canon

Most likely you need one of the bjfilter packages. The following list
tell you which package you should use.

  * bjfilter-2.2: Canon Pixus 550i / 850i / 950i (i550 / i850 / i950)
    and iP90 Driver
  * bjfilter-2.4: Canon Pixus 560i / 860i / 960i (i560 / i860 / i960)
    Driver
  * bjfilter-2.5: Canon Pixus iP3100 / iP4100 / iP8600 (and Pixma
    iP1000 / iP1500) Driver
  * bjfilter: Canon Pixus iP2200 / iP4200 / iP6600D / iP7500 / MP500
    Driver

Please report us if your printer does not listed or listed, but in
the wrong line!

11.1.3. Epson

If you own an Epson Color InkJet Printer you need the pipslite
package. After installing the package do not forget to restart cups
and start the ekp daemon!

sudo service cups restart
sudo service ekpd start
sudo service ekpd add

Note

Till now nobody confirmed that this package actually works.

11.1.4. Samsung

The Samsung printer driver for cups is called splix. After installing
it and restarting cups you will find your printer when you add it in 
cups.


11.2. Configuring the printer

--------------

 1. Open your favorite Internet browser and go to http://
    localhost:631. This is the Web interface of CUPS.
 2. Select Administration from the top menu. If a username is
    required, type root, and give your root password.
 3. You can do almost everything here in connection with printing. In
    our example, we will add a new local printer.
 4. Click Add Printer, type in a name and optionally fill the
    Location and Description lines, then click on continue.
 5. Select Device, in most cases it is Parallel Port #1 for older
    models and one of the USB ports for newer ones. I you have got a
    USB printer cups will write the printer name next to the proper
    port.
 6. On the next page, select your vendor and your printer type (the
    driver/filter).

To set up a remote Windows share with password, give a string like
this for location (the share name is the printer’s assigned name on
the remote system): smb://user:passwd@Netbios_Name_or_ip_address/
Share_name

Notice that, when you view the printer configuration, the credentials
will not be shown but will be used.


11.3. My printer is not listed

--------------

If your vendor or printer type isn’t listed in the wizard, you have
to check the OpenPrinting site whether if is supported under Linux or
not. Usually it’s enough to install the proper printer driver (see
above) or gutenprint. After installing do not forget to restart cups:

# service cups restart

If it’s not on the page mentioned above, then try to Google after. If
listed but said to be "paperweight", then there is nothing to do. If
it is supported and said to be working on the site, then please file
a bug report with your printer details. While we fix the bug, you can
install the driver (the ppd) by yourself.

On the left side, select Printer Listings. Then select your device’s
vendor and proper type. On the results page, select download PPD.
After download, there will be a file named
someting_that_ends_with.ppd.

Save the PPD file in the directory /usr/share/cups/model/. The PPD
file doesn’t have to be executable, but it should be world-readable
and should have the file extension ".ppd".

If you do not want to search ppd, try to install
foomatic-filters-ppds package. It has a bunch of ppd files for
various printers.

Then restart the CUPS service: su -c \'service cups restart\'. The
driver installation is now completed, now you can add your printer
via the web interface. A good howto can be found at http://
www.linux-foundation.org/en/OpenPrinting/Database/CUPSDocumentation.


11.4. Multiple pages on a single sheet

--------------

This is also known as n-up printing. If an application doesn’t
support it natively, print the document to a file as PostScript and
use psnup:

$ psnup -2 print.ps > print2page.ps

The first option specifies the number of pages stacked on one
physical sheet, the second is the filename of the original one-sided
document, and the last is the n-up (two-sided) document. You can then
print it with

$ cupsdoprint -P nameofprinter foo.ps

or open it in your favourite PS viewer.


11.5. Troubleshooting

--------------

If something goes wrong, check out CUPS log at /var/log/cups. There
is a verbose error log and an access log, too.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

12. The hotplug subsystem

---------------------------------------------------------------------


12.1. udev

--------------

The /dev directory under Frugalware is a ramdisk. Every device node
is created automatically during the system boot by the hotplug
subsystem, more specifically, by udev. It means there won’t be
unnecessary device nodes in /dev, but it also means that if you
create a device node manually, it will exist only until the next
shutdown/reboot.

If you want to force Frugalware to create a device node "manually"
during each boot, you must create a device file under /lib/udev/
devices: it will be copied on each boot automatically.

The udev needs sysfs, so it will only work with the 2.6.x kernel
series. Do not try to run udev on Frugalware with kernel series
2.4.x.


12.2. Pen/Thumbdrives

--------------

Pendrives (also known as thumbdrives, or USB keys) are well-supported
through the hotplug scripts and udev. If you insert a pendrive into
the USB slot, udev will create a device node for it in /dev. Most
pendrives contain only one partition and their filesystem is vfat. In
most cases, the pendrive will behave like a SCSI disc. It means, you
can find the pendrive under /dev/sda and its first partition under /
dev/sda1. Adding the following line to /etc/fstab:

/dev/sda1 /media/pendrive auto defaults,noauto,user 0 0

will allow users to mount their pendrive if the device node exists
(if the device is inserted into the slot).

If you use KDE, Gnome or XFCE4 they will handle automatic mounting of
such devices. You should not edit /etc/fstab as automounting will not
work for you. For blackbox, fluxbox, englightenment, e17 and other
smaller window manager users there is ivman for automounting, but it
may not work as well as in KDE, Gnome, XFCE4. See also the
automounting part of the documentation.


12.3. Digital cameras

--------------

Typically, there are two types of digital cameras. Some of them
support both access methods, others use only one of them. First, most
of the cameras can be treated as a pendrive (USB Mass Storage
device), you can mount them and copy the pictures from them easily.

Other cameras support the Picture Transfer Protocol (PTP). You can
grab the pictures from them (and do lots of other actions) with
gphoto2, if your model is supported. (If it’s not available on your
system, a simple su -c \'pacman-g2 -S gphoto2\' will install it onto
your system.)


12.4. Automounting: D-BUS, HAL and Ivman; Gnome and KDE

--------------

D-BUS is a simple IPC (inter-process communication) library based on
messages. HAL is a hardware abstraction layer which uses D-BUS. Ivman
is based on HAL and uses pmount ("policy mount"), which is a wrapper
around the standard mount program which permits normal users to mount
removable devices without an existing /etc/fstab entry.

Ivman is a daemon to automount CD-ROMs and DVDs when inserted in a
drive, or play audio CDs or video DVDs automatically. It is 100%
userspace, so it is a safe replacement for submount.

If you want to change the default settings, all config files are
located in /etc/ivman. They are plain XML files, just read them,
everything is quite self-explanatory.

Automounting also happens with KDE and Gnome, but their respective
VFS implementation does that, not ivman. Ivman is useful for other
windowing systems where is no support for such a feature.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

13. The init scripts, bootup

---------------------------------------------------------------------


13.1. About the kernel

--------------

The Linux kernel is in the kernel package. We use as few patches as
possible to stay close to the vanilla kernel. We also use splashy
instead of well known bootsplash. The kernel contains compiled-in
support for most IDE controllers, but all low-level SCSI drivers are
compiled as a module. If Frugalware’s kernel doesn’t contain built-in
support for your controller, you can compile your own kernel. Don’t
worry, it’s fairly simple.

 1. After setup is finished, before hitting ENTER to reboot, switch
    to tty2 by pressing Alt-F2 and press ENTER to get a shell.
 2. Change your root directory to /mnt/target:

    # chroot /mnt/target

 3. The source of your kernel (with additional patches applied) can
    be found at /usr/src/linux. So go to the /usr/src/linux directory
    and enter the configuration menu by typing make menuconfig.
    Inside it, select the driver you don’t want to compile as a
    module anymore, and exit from the menu with saving changes.
 4. Compile your kernel with the make command. This may take several
    minutes.
 5. Copy your new kernel to /boot by typing the following command:

    # cp /usr/src/linux/arch/$yourarch$/boot/bzImage /boot/vmlinuz

    On i686 and x86_64, $yourarch$ has to be replaced by x86.


13.2. Init scripts and services

--------------

In Frugalware, init is provided by systemd, its service files are
always called something.service and they are located in /lib/systemd/
system. They are used to setup the environment and manage system
services.

The services are UNIX daemons that provide various functionality. The
spectrum of their actions is very large. Synchronizing your system
clock, running your webserver, running the virus scanner, all of
these are services and they offer much much more.

In the following examples we will explain how to alter the running
state of a given service. You will have to replace $service_name$
with the wanted service name, for example crond.service. As you will
see the syntax is simple, and you may get more help looking at the
systemctl manual doing:

$ man systemctl

Important

Later in this document you will see how to alter the configuration of
these services so that they follow your needs. You should better
learn how to control them, but don’t be afraid, the syntax is really
simple, and you will learn it in less then a minute.

13.2.1. Controlling a service execution

Services can be started, restarted and stopped, so that you can
control what your system has to offer.

To start a service, simply do:

# systemctl start $service_name$

To restart a service, simply do:

# systemctl restart $service_name$

To stop a service, simply do:

# systemctl stop $service_name$

As you can see, controlling a service execution is pretty simple.

13.2.2. Controlling a service execution on system boot

Controlling the automatic execution of services on system startup is
not much more difficult.

To add a service for automatic execution on system startup, simply
do:

# systemctl enable $service_name$

To delete a service from automatic execution on system startup,
simply do:

# systemctl disable $service_name$

To check if the service is enabled, simply do:

# systemctl is-enabled $service_name$


13.3. System boot, targets

--------------

If you don’t pass any extra init=/path/to/init parameters to it, the
kernel will start /sbin/init as the final step of the kernel boot
sequence. According to /etc/systemd/system/default.target, init will
run:

 1. each service file required by basic.target
 2. each service file required by the default target. This is set to
    graphical.target by default. Here is the list of available
    targets:

halt.target = halt
emergency.target = similar to 'init=/bin/sh'
rescue.target = single user mode
multi-user.target = multiuser mode (text mode)
graphical.target = multiuser mode, X11 with KDM/GDM/XDM (default Frugalware target)
reboot.target = reboot

Note

emergency.target has the advantage that you can boot the system
without a reboot later.

If X11 is configured, prefdm.service will start one of the desktop
managers, as configured in /etc/sysconfig/desktop.


13.4. GRUB gfxmenu

--------------

Frugalware comes with a nice graphical grub menu (thanks to SuSE’s
gfxmenu developers). If you don’t like it, you can disable it by
commenting out the gfxmenu initialization line in /boot/grub/
menu.lst.

So for example:

Before: gfxmenu (hd0,5)/boot/grub/message After: #gfxmenu (hd0,5)/
boot/grub/message


13.5. Splashy

--------------

Frugalware uses splashy to display a nice splash screen and a
progress bar instead of text messages during the boot procedure.
Splashy is completely user-space, so there is no need for patching
the kernel. If you dislike it or want to switch it off for whatever
reason add nosplashy for your kernel parameters in /boot/grub/
menu.lst. For example:

kernel (hd0,2)/vmlinuz root=/dev/hda5 ro quiet nosplashy


---------------------------------------------------------------------

14. How to contribute

---------------------------------------------------------------------

If you appreciate our work, please consider contributing. Below are
examples of ways in which you can help the Frugalware project. If you
want to help in a way that’s not described here, please tell us of
your idea in an email to the Frugalware users' mailing list, or add
an entry to the Frugalware forums.


14.1. Donations of money

--------------

Donations of money are welcome and will be used to cover costs such
as domain name registration, hosting costs (hardware, bandwidth etc).
If you want to donate, please use the "Donation" link on the
Frugalware home page.


14.2. Translation

--------------

Comprehensive, multi-lingual documentation is very important to us
because we want Frugalware to be available to as many people as
possible. If you have the required linguistic knowledge, you could
help translate various pieces of work. These include our own
applications, documentation, web site etc.


14.3. Application packaging

--------------

In the Bug Tracking System, are requests for packages, from
Frugalware’s users. The process of making packages is well documented
in the http://frugalware.org/docs/stable/index-devel [Frugalware
Developer Documentation], and with some GNU/Linux experience, you
could contribute in that way. Existing package maintainers are always
available to help you, especially if you’re new to packaging.


14.4. Developing

--------------

Frugalware has several of its own applications, including: * An
ncurses installer; * A GUI installer (fwife); * A GUI package
management tool (gfpm); * A command-line package manager (pacman-g2);
* A GUI runlevel manager (gservice).

Help in further developing and enhancing these applications is
welcome.


14.5. Donating hardware

--------------

By sending us some wanted hardware (see donations), you can make
testing packages easier, or speed up the package creation process
within a specific architecture.


14.6. Artwork

--------------

We usually update our artwork (background images, grub splash,
desktop manager themes, window manager splashes and so on) for each
release. If you are skilled in this area, you’re welcome to join the
artwork team.


14.7. Support

--------------

If you have time and knowledge, monitor the forums, read the mailing
list posts, hang around on IRC and try to answer peoples' questions.


14.8. Find bugs

--------------

If you find bugs, you can help by submitting well-written bug
reports, see the Reporting Bugs section for more info.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

15. The Frugalware Bug Reporting HOWTO

---------------------------------------------------------------------


15.1. Introduction

--------------

The aim of this HOWTO is to explain how to choose a task name and
what to include in a feature request/bugreport to help Frugalware
developers speed up the process of fixing a bug or fulfilling a
feature request.


15.2. Where

--------------

The URL of our Bug tracking system is:

http://bugs.frugalware.org/


15.3. General

--------------

Use the search function before opening a task, as there may be a task
for your bug/feature. In that case just add a comment such as "I can
reproduce this, too." or "I would enjoy this feature, too."

There are a few topics which are often requested/reported but we have
a good reason not fixing/implementing them. You can see a list of
such topics in the wiki.

If you’d like to report an outdated package, first check that it is
not already listed on this site. If the package is listed, please do 
not report it as we know there is a new version. We will update it as
soon as possible in this case.

Write bugreports in English, please. This is the only language all
developers speak.


15.4. Bug reports

--------------

Please include the following things, unless you know what you are
doing:

 1. Description of Problem - never say "does not work", quote the
    error message
 2. Steps to reproduce the problem
 3. Actual Results
 4. Expected Results
 5. How often does this happen?
 6. Additional Information

The default arch is i686 and the default version is -current. If
these are not true, don’t forget to change them!

If you report a -current installer bug, then -current is probably not
enough, please specify the snapshot date.

If you found a security bug, then use the [SEC] prefix in the task
name.


15.5. Feature Requests

--------------

Please don’t request more than one package in a feature request. Open
a task for every package. (Of course you don’t have to open task for
dependencies if they are also missing from our packages, but please
list them if you can.)

If you request a package, please include:

 1. The name of the application (yes, "more games" is not enough!)
 2. The URL of the application
 3. Optionally a short note about why you think this package would be
    interesting for others, too

If you have a FrugalBuild for the package already, then upload it as
an attachment after opening the task. In this case, please prefix
your task name with [FB], because this way it will be reviewed
sooner.

Alternatively, you can post your FrugalBuild to the frugalware-devel
mailing list for review, that can be handy if you want to submit more
and more buildscripts - finally to become a developer if possible.
Opening a task for your FrugalBuild is still fine if you want us to
maintain it after the initial version is accepted.

Please don’t link other distribution’s buildscripts when you request
a package. That information is useless for us in most cases and if
you don’t include such links, you make our life easier.

15.5.1. Do not request

Please don’t request custom kernels. We try to use as few patches as
possible. See man kernel.sh as a reference on building your own
kernel using various patchsets. A tutorial is available as well.
Really, building such a kernel usually requires a buildscript of only
5 (five) lines!


15.6. Pacman-g2 problems

--------------

If you get a crash from our package manager, then we need a backtrace
from gdb. Here are the instructions to get a backtrace:

  * Find the command line that triggers the crash. For example:
    pacman-g2 -Sy
  * Get the pacman-g2 git repo and compile it with debug symbols
    enabled:

    $ git clone http://frugalware.org/git/pub/other/pacman-g2/pacman-g2
    $ cd pacman-g2
    $ sh autogen.sh
    $ ./configure --enable-debug
    $ make

  * Then run pacman-g2 in gdb and get the trace:

    $ cd src/pacman-g2
    $ sudo libtool gdb ./pacman-g2
    > run -Sy

  * When pacman-g2 crashes, get the trace by typing bt. Here is an
    example:

    Program received signal SIGSEGV, Segmentation fault.
    0x0805035e in pacman_sync (targets=0x0) at sync.c:354
    354             *p = 1;
    (gdb) bt
    #0  0x0805035e in pacman_sync (targets=0x0) at sync.c:354
    #1  0x08054594 in main (argc=2, argv=0xbfee1844) at pacman.c:609

  * Attach the output of bt to your bugreport.


15.7. Fixed in git

--------------

Your feature request/bugreport may be closed with a "Fixed in git …"
message. Git is our source control management software (just like
CVS). If your task is not considered to be critical, then it will be
fixed/implemented only in git, without increasing the package
release. This means that it will be automatically included in the
next release.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

16. Mobile computers

---------------------------------------------------------------------


16.1. Battery, buttons, thermal management

--------------

Notebook users are usually interested in the state of their battery.
Getting the power button and the lid’s sensor of its closed state to
emit events is also nice. Some notebooks only shut down their
continously running fans and operate only if needed if the thermal
module is loaded.

Usually these modules are automatically loaded by udev. If it does
not do so for you, then add the following lines to /etc/sysconfig/
modules to get modules loaded at system startup:

battery
ac
button
thermal

The next task is to enable the acpid service:

# service acpid add

Then the easiest way is to reboot, or if you don’t want do do so:

# modprobe battery
# modprobe ac
# service hald stop
# service dbus stop
# service acpid start
# service dbus start
# service hald start

The only remaining task is to start a client: if you’re on console,
try the acpi command, or the relevant applet of your favorite window
manager.


16.2. Conserving power

--------------

The major consumers of power in a notebook are the LCD (differences
in size and brightness level can mean a lot), the CPU, hard drives,
wireless transceivers like WiFi, Bluetooth, Infrared and the GPU if
you have a powerful one.

You can conserve a fair amount of power if you lessen the brightness
level of the LCD screen. Some notebooks can remember two settings of
this level, one when the equipment operates from battery and another
when powered from AC.

The CPUs have some sort of power saving capabilities, the most basic
is "CPU throttling". Common on Intel mobile Celeron CPUs, only ACPI
is needed. Klaptop has a setting for it, where you can specify the
level.

Letting the HDD spin down gives little extra battery operating time,
but frequent spinups (data access) and spindowns wears the disk. This
is only useful in situations where there is no frequent need for data
on HDD like holding a presentation.


16.3. Hibernation

--------------

Hibernating your computer can cause data loss or severe filesystem
damage if things go wrong. It’s highly advised that first, you should
consider if hibernating is worth the effort at all. Try it on a fresh
installation first, instead of a production system.

From kernel/suspend.c:

* BIG FAT WARNING *********************************************************
*
* If you have unsupported (*) devices using DMA...
*                              ...say goodbye to your data.
*
* If you touch anything on disk between suspend and resume...
*                              ...kiss your data goodbye.
*
* If your disk driver does not support suspend... (IDE does)
*                              ...you'd better find out how to get along
*                                 without your data.
*
* If you change kernel command line between suspend and resume...
*                              ...prepare for nasty fsck or worse.
*
* If you change your hardware while system is suspended...
*                              ...well, it was not good idea.
*
* (*) suspend/resume support is needed to make it safe.

You have been warned. If you are still not discouraged, read on!

First, you need to create a swap partition (if you don’t have any
yet). You have to add an extra resume=/dev/swappart kernel parameter
to /boot/grub/menu.lst. For example, on my machine the old line was:

kernel (hd0,2)/boot/vmlinuz ro root=/dev/hda3 quiet

The new line:

kernel (hd0,2)/boot/vmlinuz ro root=/dev/hda3 quiet resume=/dev/hda2

After the above are done, you must reboot. The hibernation can be
started with:

echo shutdown > /sys/power/disk; echo disk > /sys/power/state

and next time you boot your kernel it should resume. For more info,
look at /usr/src/linux/Documentation/power/swsusp.txt. It requires
the kernel documentation, which can be installed issuing the
pacman-g2 -S kernel-docs command as root.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

17. Packages

---------------------------------------------------------------------

The following sections describe the configuration of some packages.


17.1. amavisd-new

--------------

For the first initial setup you may want to use our amavisconf
utility.

From amavisd-new-2.5.2-1 we no longer use a random uid/gid, but
dedicated ones. Because of this amavis service will not start if you
have it installed before, so you have to correct this by issuing
these commands:

groupmod -g 40 amavis
usermod -u 40 -g 40 amavis
chown -R amavis:amavis /var/lib/amavis
chown -R amavis:amavis /var/lock/amavis

You should chown any other amavis-owned stuff you may have lying
around, these are only the default ones.


17.2. android-sdk

--------------

Setting up Android SDK :

# repoman upd
# repoman merge android-sdk
# pacman-g2 -A android-sdk-r11-1-i686.fpm

You should open a new shell to have android-sdk/tools/ in the path.
After that, just type "adb" (not "./adb") as mentionned in following
links.

If you want to use your Android phone as a proxy, see these pages :

  * with Proxoid : http://code.google.com/p/proxoid/wiki/
    installationLinux
  * Proxoid for french users/HTC G1 : http://blog.archambeau.info/?p=
    9
  * with Tetherbot : http://graha.ms/androidproxy/


17.3. apache

--------------

17.3.1. How to configure Apache

 1. These steps require root privileges, so use su - to get a root
    shell.
 2. The Apache server isn’t started by default. You can change this
    with the

    # service httpd add

    command.

 3. We don’t want to reboot, so start it manually:

    # service httpd start
    Starting Apache web server (no SSL)                                      [ OK ]

You have finished if you don’t need SSL support.

17.3.2. Setting up SSL support for Apache

 1. Creating the certifications:

    # cd /etc/httpd/conf/
    # sh mkcert.sh

    Signature Algorithm ((R)SA or (D)SA) [R]:

         Here we can accept the default RSA signature algorithm first. Then
         we have to fill out some fields. There are quite a few fields but
         you can leave most of them blank. If you enter '.', the field will
         be left blank.
           1) Country Name (2 letter code) [XY]:

              Give the 2-letter code of our contry (for example US)

           2) State or Province Name (full name) [Snake Desert]:

              We type our state.

           3) Locality Name (eg, city) [Snake Town]:

             The name of our city.

           4) Organization Name (eg, company) [Snake Oil, Ltd]:

              Our organization's name.

           5) Organizational Unit Name (eg, section) [Webserver Team]:

              Our section's name.

           6) Common Name (eg, FQDN) [www.snakeoil.com]:

              Important: Give a real address here, otherwise you'll get
              warnings in your browser!

           7) Email Address (eg, `name@FQDN') [`www@snakeoil.com']:

              I usually give the email address of the webmaster here.
              (webmaster@domain.com)

           8) Certificate Validity (days) [365]:

              In most cases, one year will be good.

              Then, we should choose the version of our certificate:

              Certificate Version (1 or 3) [3]:

              The default 3 will be good, so just hit enter. In the next
              step we can  encrypt our private key:

              Encrypt the private key now? [Y/n]:

              The keys will not be readable by users, so we can leave this
              step out.

    So the following files are created:

    /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.key/server.key (keep this file private!)
    /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.crt/server.crt
    /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.csr/server.csr

 2. Enable SSL in /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf: Open the file with your
    favorite editor, and search the followings at about line 1040:

    # Uncomment this if you want SSL support!
    #<IfModule mod_ssl.c>
    #       Include /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.conf
    #</IfModule>

    Uncomment them.

 3. Now we should restart Apache:

    # service httpd restart

 4. Then we can check if the task was successful:

    $ elinks https://localhost/

    This should show the default homapage, received via SSL :)

17.3.3. Self-signed Apache certificate

This must be done as root.

# openssl genrsa -des3 -out server.key 1024

Enter "foobar" twice as passphrase.

# openssl req -new -key server.key -out server.csr

Enter "foobar" when asked for passphrase, answer the questions. Leave
"challenge password" "and optional company name" empty.

# cp server.key server.key.org
# openssl rsa -in server.key.org -out server.key

Enter "foobar" when asked for passphrase.

# openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in server.csr -signkey server.key -out server.crt
# cp server.crt /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.crt/
# cp server.key /etc/httpd/conf/ssl.key/
# service httpd stop
# vi /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

Uncomment the marked three lines around line 1044 (look for "SSL
support").

# service httpd restart

Don’t forget to open port 443 on your firewall, if any. (Based on How
to create a self-signed SSL Certificate…, tested on
frugalware-current 2007-02-14.)


17.4. asciidoc

--------------

Asciidoc has a number of configuration files under /etc/asciidoc and
it’s easy to get lost in that directory.

Regarding pdf (dblatex) generation, here are some options you can
set:

  * If you want to avoid the "PDF by dblatex" picture on the front
    page, edit /etc/asciidoc/dblatex/asciidoc-dblatex.xsl:

<xsl:param name="doc.publisher.show">0</xsl:param>

  * If you want to avoid the "Revision History" page, add:

<xsl:param name="latex.output.revhistory">0</xsl:param>

  * If you want to avoid the "Contents" page, add:

<xsl:param name="doc.toc.show">0</xsl:param>

  * If you want to avoid the front page, sadly you can’t do it from a
    configuration file, but for now you can edit /usr/share/dblatex/
    latex/style/docbook.sty. Change the \maketitle macro to:

\def\maketitle{
  \def\edhead{}
  \DBKdomitete
}


17.5. autojump

--------------

17.5.1. AUTOJUMP

17.5.1.1. A cd command that learns

Please read the official README or the manual.

17.5.1.2. Installation

Add the line :

source /etc/profile

to ~/.bashrc or ~/.zshrc if it isn’t already there.


17.6. avahi

--------------

Warning

If you have rlocate installed on your system, Avahi will not run and
therefore Zeroconf functionality in programs will be disabled. If you
want this functionality, then please uninstall rlocate.

Also, If you are using iptables, please uncomment this line in /etc/
sysconfig/firewall:

#-A INPUT -p udp -m udp --dport 5353 -j ACCEPT

After that do not forget to restart iptables with:

# service firewall restart


17.7. b43-fwcutter

--------------

Since version 2.6.24, the bcm43xx driver is deprecated, replaced by
the b43 and b43legacy modules.

The module should be loaded automatically, in case it isn’t, you can
load it manually:

# modprobe b43

or:

# modprobe b43legacy

You must bring the device up with ifconfig before doing any other
configuration steps.

# ifconfig ethX up

Since the channel must be set manually, first do a scan:

# iwlist ethX scan

Then you can set it:

# iwconfig ethX channel Y

Finally set your essid:

# iwconfig ethX essid "myessid"

Ready!


17.8. ccache

--------------

After you installed ccache, it won’t be enabled by default.

First, you need to determine who is allowed to use ccache. You have
to add each user to the ccache group. If you want to allow using
ccache from chrooted builds, then you need to add the fst user:

# usermod -a -G ccache fst

Second, you need to somehow let the build system to use ccache, and
not the compiler directly. If you use makepkg, this is enabled by
default (you can disable it with the -B option). If you build
manually, then you are on your own, though usually there are two ways
to do so:

  * Tell the configure script to use a different compiler:

$ CC=/usr/bin/ccache ./configure

  * Modify path to use the fake compiler provided by ccache:

export PATH=/usr/lib/ccache/bin:$PATH


17.9. cryptsetup-luks

--------------

Follow these steps to when using cryptsetup-luks:

17.9.1. Creating

# cryptsetup luksFormat /dev/partition
# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/partition label
# mke2fs -j /dev/mapper/label
# mount /dev/mapper/label /mnt/label

17.9.2. Mounting

Of course later you don’t have to use luksFormat and mke2fs:

# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/partition label
# mount /dev/mapper/label /mnt/label

17.9.3. Umounting

# umount /mnt/label
# cryptsetup luksClose label

17.9.4. Encrypting your home partition

Note

You have need to install the sharutils package to do the followings!

  * List these modules in /etc/sysconfig/modules:

aes
aes-i586
sha256
dm-crypt

  * Move all data from /home to a secure place (in this example /
    media/sda1/home)

# cp -arvx /home /media/sda1/

  * Umount /home (in this example /dev/hda6) and fill it with random
    numbers:

# umount /home
# dd if=/dev/urandom of=/dev/hda6

  * Create the encrypted partition:

# cryptsetup -y luksFormat /dev/hda6

Here we will be asked for a password which will be necessary to
access /home at boot time.

  * Open the encrypted partition and create its file system (ext3 in
    this example):

# cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/hda6 home
# mkfs.ext3 /dev/mapper/home

  * Mount the home partition and copy the contents of original home:

# mount /dev/mapper/home /home
# cp -arvx /media/sda1/home /home

  * Edit the home related line in /etc/fstab:

/dev/mapper/home        /home   ext3    noatime 0       0

  * Create /etc/rc.d/rc.crypt script with the following content:

#!/bin/sh

/usr/sbin/cryptsetup luksOpen /dev/hda6 home
/bin/mount /dev/mapper/home /home

  * Enable it:

# ln -s /etc/rc.d/rc.crypt /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S15rc.crypt

You have to delay the splash screen, so that you can type your
password before the splash appears:

# mv /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S03rc.splash /etc/rc.d/rcS.d/S15rc.splash

(It will ask the password between the lvm and the splash service.)

Now the system can be restarted and the password will be asked to
access home partition boot-time.

Note

The English keyboard map will be used at that point of the boot
process.


17.10. cyrus-sasl

--------------

17.10.1. Configuring

This mini-howto helps you to install the saslauthd server using
postfix which will authenticate using users and passwords from /etc/
{passwd,shadow}.

First install the necessary packages:

# pacman-g2 -S postfix saslauthd

Enable sasl in postfix’s config by appending the following lines to /
etc/postfix/main.cf:

smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_local_domain = $myhostname
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous

You may want to append

broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes

as well.

Put the following lines to /usr/lib/sasl2/smtpd.conf:

pwcheck_method: saslauthd
mech_list: PLAIN LOGIN

Edit /etc/sysconfig/saslauthd by changing the following lines:

options=""

to

options="-a shadow"

Now you can start saslauthd by

service saslauthd start

as well as enabled in by default on startup:

service saslauthd add

Issue id postfix and see if the daemon group is listed. If not, then
add postfix to the daemon group:

usermod -G daemon postfix

Finally restart postfix:

service postfix restart

Compeleted!

17.10.2. Verifying

We test it using telnet. We need perl to generate the string for the
SASL authentication:

$ perl -MMIME::Base64 -e 'print encode_base64("vmiklos\0vmiklos\0secret");'
dm1pa2xvcwB2bWlrbG9zAHNlY3JldA==

Then use telnet:

$ telnet host.com 25
Trying ip...
Connected to host.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
220 host.com ESMTP Postfix
ehlo my.dhcp
250-host.com
250-PIPELINING
250-SIZE 10240000
250-VRFY
250-ETRN
250-AUTH LOGIN PLAIN
250-ENHANCEDSTATUSCODES
250-8BITMIME
250 DSN
AUTH PLAIN dm1pa2xvcwB2bWlrbG9zAHNlY3JldA==
235 2.0.0 Authentication successful
quit
221 2.0.0 Bye
Connection closed by foreign host.


17.11. dante

--------------

17.11.1. Configuration

In most cases you have a socks server (you can create one easily
using ssh, see the documentation of the openssh package), and you
want to route all traffic through it. Here is the config you need:

route {
        from: 0.0.0.0/0 to: 0.0.0.0/0 via: 127.0.0.1 port = 8080
        proxyprotocol: socks_v4
}

17.11.2. Testing it

Try for example:

$ socksify irssi

When you connect to a server, others will see that you’re connecting
from the server, not from your own host.


17.12. ddclient

--------------

Please configure /etc/ddclient/ddclient.conf before running ddclient!

Samples for common configurations can be found in: /usr/share/doc/
ddclient-$package_version/sample*

Additional details and instructions can be found in: /usr/share/doc/
ddclient-$package_version/README

Once you have finished configuring the ddclient.conf file, you can
start ddclient as a daemon by running as root, the following command:

# service ddclient start


17.13. dhcp

--------------

If you are in trouble setting up your dhclient, use the following
options. These are quite good defaults:

request subnet-mask, broadcast-address, time-offset, \
        routers, domain-name, domain-name-servers, \
        host-name, netbios-name-servers, netbios-scope;
timeout 20;
script "/sbin/dhclient-script";


17.14. dspam

--------------

To populate the DSPAM database, you need to follow several steps.

 1. First create a database. Login to the mysql command prompt.

    $ mysql -u root -p
    mysql> CREATE database dspam;

 2. Next, you need to create a dspam user. At the same MySQL prompt:

    mysql> GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON dspam.* TO dspam@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'passwd';

    Replacing passwd with your chosen password.

 3. Optimizing the datebase:

    If you want a space optimized db do:

    $ mysql -u dspam dspam -p < /var/lib/dspam/mysql/mysql_objects-space.sql

    If you want a speed optimized db do:

    $ mysql -u dspam dspam -p < /var/lib/dspam/mysql/mysql_objects-speed.sql

    Enter the password you set in the previous step, and the database
    should be populated.

 4. Remember to edit /etc/dspam/dspam.conf accordenly

If you want to use the postgresql, sqlite3 or Berekely DB4 backends
you can find instructions in the dspam documentation.


17.15. fuse

--------------

Fuse is a virtual filesystem "helper" which makes possible to mount
unusual things as a filesystem. It is achieved by using a simple
program, which runs in user space, to provide data that can be
represented by the fuse kernel module as a filesystem. The
interpreter program is a less complex one than a kernel-space module,
which is much harder to write. In Frugalware, regular users of a
given box can mount filesystems by fuse. First as root, let’s install
the tools needed:

# pacman-g2 -S fuse

Now, having the base of fuse, we need to install the programs for
each specific filesystem type. To get a hint on what is available,
you can issue the following command:

$ pacman-g2 -Ss fuse

The two most used (ftp, ssh) plugins can be installed by running the
following command. Beware, the ftp fs is a perl module, and it seems
a bit memory hungry / buggy / slow so therefore it might be replaced
by CurlFtpFS in the future.

# pacman-g2 -S fuseftp sshfs-fuse

Then, you can mount a remote dir with sftp access as a regular user
doing:

$ /sbin/mount.fuse  sshfs#YOURUSERNAME@SERVER:/REMOTEDIR /LOCALDIR -o rw,OTHEROPTIONS

You can also unmount it as a regular user doing:

$ fusermount -u /LOCALDIR


17.16. gammu

--------------

17.16.1. Configuring

You need to create your ~/.gammurc:

[gammu]
port = /dev/ttyUSB0
connection = fbus

Replace /dev/ttyUSB0 with your serial port device and fbus with the
appropriate protocol name if you are not a Nokia user. Check if you
have write access to the device, you need to be a member of the uucp
group.

Once you think you’re done, check your setup:

$ gnokii --identify

It should print your IMEI number so that you’ll be able to check if
gammu really found your phone or there is a problem.

17.16.2. Creating a backup

You probably use gammu to make a backup of your phone.

This involves two steps:

  * Backing up your SMSes

    $ gammu --backupsms backupsms.txt

  * The rest of your phone.

    $ gammu --backup backup.txt

You may find an alternative format more human-readable for SMSes:

$ gammu --geteachsms > eachsms.txt

See the manual page for more tricks!


17.17. git

--------------

17.17.1. gitweb

If you want to set up a web interface for your git repositories,
then:

  * install the gitweb package
  * edit /etc/gitweb.conf so that $projectroot will point to the
    repository directory
  * restart apache so that the gitweb configuration will be included.


17.18. gnome-bluetooth

--------------

For have a full bluetooth support with gnome install obex-data-server
# pacman-g2 -S obex-data-server


17.19. grub2

--------------

It is no longer acceptable to edit your grub configuration manually
since upgrading to grub2. Instead, it is advised to insert any
customizations you require in /etc/sysconfig/grub-config and /etc/
sysconfig/grub-custom.


17.20. help2man

--------------

The most common usage of this applications is something like this:

$ help2man -n "<oneliner description>" -S Frugalware -N ./<binary> |sed 's/\\(co/(c)/' ><binary>.1


17.21. hostapd

--------------

Configuration examples can be found in /etc/hostapd. You must edit
the following files located in /etc/hostapd to configure hostapd:

hostapd.allow hostapd.conf hostapd.deny


17.22. kexec-tools

--------------

Warning

kexec works just like reboot, so please save your data before using
it!

Loading the new kernel:

# kexec -l /boot/vmlinuz-2.6.18-fw1 --append="ro root=/dev/hda3 quiet resume=/dev/hda2"

Booting it:

# kexec -e


17.23. keychain

--------------

First of all, we have to install package called keychain. (pacman-g2
-S keychain)

In the next step we have to create a new key. A key stands from two
parts, a public and a private part. It means two different files in
your ~/.ssh/ directory.

Your key is generated by a program called ssh-keygen. It’s a part of
openssh package. Run ssh-keygen -t dsa! You’ll see something like
this:

voroskoi@kavics~$ ssh-keygen -t dsa
Generating public/private dsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/home/voroskoi/.ssh/id_dsa):
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase):
Enter same passphrase again:
Your identification has been saved in /home/voroskoi/.ssh/id_dsa.
Your public key has been saved in /home/voroskoi/.ssh/id_dsa.pub.
The key fingerprint is:
ac:47:93:29:d2:c4:e1:85:47:5c:c1:36:93:74:e9:08 voroskoi@kavics

It’ll generate for us the two parts of the key. The program asks
where do you want to save the keys, it’s good to simply push an
enter. After that You have to type in the passphrase of the key two
times. It’s really important to chose a hard passphrase. It should
contain lower-/uppercase characters, digits, possibly special
characters too. The length must be at least 10 characters! We have to
type in this passphrase only once after every restart we shouldn’t
choose an easy one.

If everything works fine, then we have an id_dsa and an id_dsa.pub
file in our ~/.ssh/ directory.

voroskoi@kavics~/.ssh $ ls -la
drwx------   2 voroskoi users   5 2005-04-13 13:39 ./
drwx--x--x  38 voroskoi users  67 2005-04-13 13:24 ../
-rw-------   1 voroskoi users 736 2005-03-01 21:25 id_dsa
-rw-r--r--   1 voroskoi users 605 2005-04-11 04:18 id_dsa.pub
-rw-r--r--   1 voroskoi users 230 2005-04-11 04:26 known_hosts

Now, we would like to use our newly generated key. We have to do the
following:

$ scp ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub username@remote_machine:
$ ssh username@remote_machine
$ cat id_dsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
$ rm id_dsa.pub
$ exit

Good to know, that this time(I mean when we run scp and ssh commands)
we can’t use our key’s passphrase, so we have to use our password on
the remore_machine. If it’s done without any mistake on next login
the remote_machine will ask for our key’s passphrase.

And here comes keychain. In openssh package there is a program called
ssh-agent. You can store keys in ssh-agent. Keychain just makes
easier using of ssh-agent and adds some new features.

This time i assume that we use bash. If we would like to use keychain
with an other shell, then we can use man keychain:-) So, let’s take
out favourite editor and add the following lines to ~/.bash_profile
file:

keychain -q id_dsa
[ -f $HOME/.keychain/$HOSTNAME-sh ] && source $HOME/.keychain/$HOSTNAME-sh


17.24. ksplice

--------------

ksplice is handy in case there is a serious security fix and you
don’t want or can’t afford rebooting your system immediately.

Let’s pick an example, the kernel-2.6.28-6anacreon3 update, which
added CVE-2009-2692.patch.

First update FST so that you will have the patch:

# repoman upd

Now create a working dir:

$ cp -a /usr/src/linux/ ~/linux-source
$ cd ~/linux-source
$ mkdir ksplice
$ cp /boot/config ksplice/.config
$ cp /boot/System.map ksplice/
$ ln -s ~/linux-source ksplice/build
$ cp /var/fst/stable/source/base/kernel/CVE-2009-2692.patch .

Now create the ksplice update:

$ ksplice-create --patch=CVE-2009-2692.patch ~/linux-source

Then apply it:

# ksplice-apply ksplice-st4dt4bg.tar.gz

To view all applies updates, or a specific one:

# ksplice-view
# ksplice-view --id=st4dt4bg

To revert one:

# ksplice-undo st4dt4bg


17.25. lesspipe

--------------

For syntax highlighting support in less via the lesspipe wrapper, you
must install the source-highlight package.


17.26. lmsensors

--------------

lmsensors is a hardware monitoring tool which is able to read thermal
and voltage values and fan speeds from the sensor chips of your
motherboard. Before running sensors you have to run sensors-detect as
root to initialize them. It will autodetect your hardware and define
which kernel modules you need to get it working properly, and tell
you how to autoload them during boot.

So if you want to use lmsensors run :

sensors-detect

and say YES at end of sensors-detect to write /etc/sysconfig/
lm_sensors and run :

systemctl enable lmsensors systemctl start lmsensors


17.27. lvm2

--------------

17.27.1. Creating

Here is a mini-HOWTO, a longer one is available here.

First if you are on a setup cd, you need to

modprobe dm-mod

and

vgchange -a y

The first loads the device-mapper support for the kernel, the later
enables the existing volume groups. This is automatically done for
you on an installed Frugalware system.

You need to decide what physical partitions to use for LVM. In this
mini-HOWTO / is /dev/hda1 and we create a big /home partition using /
dev/hda2 and /dev/hdc1.

Let’s initialize them for use by LVM:

pvcreate /dev/hda2 /dev/hdc1

Create a volume group titled vg:

vgcreate vg /dev/hda2

Extend it with /dev/hdb1:

vgextend vg /dev/hdc1

Then we can create a logical volume with a size of 400G titled home:

lvcreate -L400G -nhome vg

Create a filesystem on it as usual, ie. for ext3:

mke2fs -j /dev/vg/home

And now the only task is to mount it as usual, ie:

mount /dev/vg/home /mnt/target/home

17.27.2. Extending

You already saw how to extend a volume group. Extending a logical
volume is a bit more complex, but still easy.

If you use ext3:

umount /mnt/target/home
lvextend -L+900M /dev/vg/home
resize2fs /dev/vg/home
mount /dev/vg/home /mnt/target/home

Note

According to the manpage of resize2fs, it would have support resizing
without umounting, but this does not seem to work.

If you use reiserfs:

lvextend -L+900M /dev/vg/home
resize_reiserfs /dev/vg/home

17.27.3. Removing

To remove a logical volume:

lvremove /dev/vg/home

To remove a physical volume from a volume group:

vgreduce vg /dev/hdc1

To remove a volume group:

vgremove vg

That’s it.


17.28. mailman

--------------

There is no any kind of http server in mailman’s depends. It’s
because they are not needed to get a working mailman. Of cource if
you want to provide archives and so don’t forget to install a http
server.


17.29. man-db

--------------

If you like coloured man-pages then you can enable that feature by
issuing

# chmod +x /etc/profile.d/man-colors.sh

It is handled as a configuration file, so feel free to edit the
colors in that file if you want.


17.30. monit

--------------

You may want to forge a config file for yourself as /etc/monit/
monitrc to be able to properly use Monit. Consult the online docs for
details:

http://mmonit.com/monit/documentation/monit.html

After doing so you should issue a systemctl enable monit.service
command to make use of this service.


17.31. munin

--------------

From munin-1.2.5-2 we no longer use a random uid/gid, but dedicated
ones. Because of this munin service will not start if you have it
installed before, so you have to correct this by issuing these
commands:

groupmod -g 47 munin
usermod -u 47 -g 47 munin
chown -R munin:munin /var/lib/munin
chown -R munin:munin /var/www/html/munin
chown -R munin:munin /var/log/munin
chown -R munin:munin /var/run/munin

You should chown any other munin-owned stuff you may have lying
around, these are only the default ones.


17.32. nss-mdns

--------------

To enable IPv4 multicast DNS lookups, append mdns4 to the hosts line
in /etc/nsswitch.conf. Use mdns6 for IPv6 or mdns for both.


17.33. openssh

--------------

17.33.1. Forwarding ports

# ssh -L 8000:localhost:80 server.com

After this you can access server.com:80 at localhost:8000 even if
server.com:80 is not accessible from your machine.

17.33.2. Socks proxy

Many mobile users have the following problem: they have to use an
unencrypted wireless lan and they want to access webservers which
does not support https. There is an easy solution for this: you
transfer data to a server in an ssh tunnel then the data can be
transferred to the server unencrypted in a wired network. This is
much more secure. Set up the socks proxy on localhost:8080:

$ ssh -D 8080 server.com

Then configure your webbrowser to use the proxy, for example in
firefox, select Manual proxy configuration and then set SOCKS Host to
localhost, Port to 8080.

Note

Don’t forget to clear other proxy fields! (HTTP, SSL, FTP, etc.)


17.34. pdns

--------------

If you wish to use the gmysql or gpgsql backends with a local server,
then follow these instructions.

For gmysql, install mysql package.

pacman-g2 -Sy mysql

For gpgsql, install postgresql package.

pacman-g2 -Sy postgresql

Now, copy /lib/systemd/system/pdns.service to /etc/systemd/system/
pdns.service.

cp -f /lib/systemd/system/pdns.service /etc/systemd/system/pdns.service

Uncomment the lines appropriate for your selected backend. The
comments in the file will guide you. After all this, you must still
ensure the specific database backend you are wanting to use is
properly configured. This means both the pdns configuration and the
setup for the mysql or postgresql daemon. Refer to pdns, mysql, and/
or postgresql documentation for more information.


17.35. php

--------------

You should set

cgi.fix_pathinfo=1

in /etc/php.ini in order to use php-cgi.


17.36. pm-radeon

--------------

Before you can use this package, you must edit the configuration for
it in the file /etc/sysconfig/pm-radeon. After you are done, run this
command to enable it at startup.

systemctl enable pm-radeon.service


17.37. pootle

--------------

In most cases you want to use pootle with mysql and apache. See here
on how to configure them:

  * http://translate.sourceforge.net/wiki/pootle/using_mysql
  * http://translate.sourceforge.net/wiki/pootle/apache

Also read these pages if you’re upgrading from Pootle 1.x:

  * http://translate.sourceforge.net/wiki/pootle/important_changes
  * http://translate.sourceforge.net/wiki/pootle/migration


17.38. postfix

--------------

17.38.1. Using a relay host

These are the basic steps to set up Postfix to use SMTP
Authentication to send mail through a relay host.

Set up a password maps file (/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd) as follows:

mail.ispserver.com    username:password

# chown root:root /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
# chmod 600 /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
# postmap /etc/postfix/sasl_passwd

Append the following lines to /etc/postfix/main.cf:

relayhost = mail.ispserver.com
smtp_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtp_sasl_password_maps = hash:/etc/postfix/sasl_passwd
smtp_sasl_security_options =

Finally reload postfix:

# postfix reload

That should do it!


17.39. postfixadmin

--------------

This package relies on correct install of postfix’s virtual tables
and it needs to be configured before usage. Be sure to read
upstream’s /var/www/postfixadmin/INSTALL.TXT in order to accomplish
the setup or upgrade. You should also take care of configuring apache
to be able to use the web-based interface.


17.40. postgrey

--------------

To use postgrey, put something along the lines of

    smtpd_recipient_restrictions =
        ...
        reject_unauth_destination
        check_policy_service inet:127.0.0.1:60000

in your /etc/postfix/main.cf (postfix 2.1 or newer is required.)


17.41. pptpd

--------------

 1. Preface

    I was asked to set up VPN using PPTP. A much secure way to setup
    it up is using IPSec, more details here. Also you could use
    ssh+pppd, but that’s rather problematic on platforms other than
    Unix.

 2. Setting up the server

    The big problem here is that most outdated HOWTO starts with
    patching your kernel and ppp. This is no longer needed!

    Requiements: You need kernel>=2.6.15 or newer (Frugalware 0.4 or
    higher is OK). Also you need ppp>=2.4.2.

    Also probably these are already installed on your system, let’s
    see the new package: pptpd. Install it with the usual

    # pacman-g2 -S pptpd

    Probably this is done if you’re reading this HOWTO :-)

    Here comes my /etc/pptp.conf:

    $ grep -v '^\(#\|$\)' /etc/pptpd.conf
    option /etc/ppp/options.pptpd
    logwtmp
    localip 10.0.0.88
    remoteip 10.0.0.89-127

    10.0.0.88 is the internal address of the server, 10.0.0.89-127 is
    the range that can be used by the pptp clients.

    Then let’s see that referred /etc/ppp/options.pptpd:

    $ grep -v '^\(#\|$\)' /etc/ppp/options.pptpd
    name pptpd
    refuse-pap
    refuse-chap
    refuse-mschap
    require-mschap-v2
    require-mppe-128
    proxyarp
    debug
    lock
    nobsdcomp
    novj
    novjccomp
    nologfd

    After everything works fine, you can remove the "debug" line from
    the config.

    Then add at least one user:

    # cat /etc/ppp/chap-secrets
    ## client        server  secret                  IP addresses
    mylogin           *      stupidpassword          *

    The rest is about to allow pptp on the firewall (I’m assuming
    that you use the default Frugalware configuration: INPUT is on
    DROP by default, but FORWARD is allowed, OUTPUT too.)

    Add the following 2 lines to the filter section of /etc/sysconfig
    /firewall:

    -A INPUT -p gre -j ACCEPT
    -A INPUT -p tcp -m tcp --dport 1723 -j ACCEPT

    If you want to allow a client to access Internet via this pptp
    server, add the following line to the nat section of the same
    file (change ethX to the correct network interface):

    -A POSTROUTING -o ethX -j MASQUERADE

    Then check if you have PPP support in the kernel enabled:

    # lsmod | grep ppp_generic

    If there is no output, enable it:

    # modprobe ppp_generic
    # echo "ppp_generic" >> /etc/sysconfig/modules

    Now we’re ready to start:

    # pptpd -f -o /etc/ppp/options.pptpd

    If no error messages are reported, omit the -f option so it will
    go background.

    Later you can put this to your /etc/rc.d/rc.local. Debug messages
    will appear in /var/log/messages if you’re interested in them.

 3. Client side

    Install the necessary "pptp" package:

    # pacman-g2 -S pptp

    Most howto suggets the pptpconfig (http://
    pptpclient.sourceforge.net/) tool, it’s written in PHP and uses
    GTK+2. You don’t want to use graphical tools locally (and install
    XOrg) for administrating your machine, do you?

    We can do it by hand, not too complicated.

    You can name every tunnel you create, I’ll use here the
    "mytunnel" name.

    Fire up your favorite editor and create the /etc/ppp/peers/
    mytunnel file with the following contents:

    $ grep -v '^\(#\|$\)' /etc/ppp/peers/mytunnel
    name mylogin
    remotename PPTP
    file /etc/ppp/options.pptp
    pty "pptp IP_OF_THE_SERVER --nolaunchpppd "
    require-mppe

    Your /etc/ppp/chap-secrets should contain the following line:

    mylogin  PPTP    secret  *

    We’re ready to start the client:

    # pppd pty 'pptp server --nolaunchpppd' call mytunnel debug dump logfd 2 nodetach

    A lot of debug messages will be printed, check on an other
    console if you got a new pppx interface or not:

    # ifconfig ppp0
    ppp0    Link encap:Point-to-Point Protocol
            inet addr:10.0.0.89  P-t-P:10.0.0.88  Mask:255.255.255.255
            UP POINTOPOINT RUNNING NOARP MULTICAST  MTU:996  Metric:1
            RX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
            TX packets:7 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
            collisions:0 txqueuelen:3
            RX bytes:70 (70.0 b)  TX bytes:76 (76.0 b)

    If it seems to be ok, you no longer need the debug messages and
    pppd can go backround:

    # pppd pty 'pptp server --nolaunchpppd' call mytunnel

    That was all. Not so simple but anyone can do it :-)

 4. Resources

      + http://czeh.hu/linuxdoc/vpn-pptp.html - VPN connection using
        PPTP and Linux by Istvan Czeh (Hungarian)
      + http://webb.gotdns.com:2080/kernel-mppe/pptp-command.html - 
        pptp-command HOWTO


17.42. pulseaudio

--------------

Because PulseAudio can be used as drop-in replacement for ESD you can
fool GNOME into loading the PulseAudio daemon just like the
traditional ESD daemon. To achieve this use the esdcompat script
shipped with PulseAudio. Install pulseaudio-esd : pacman-g2 -S
pulseaudio-esd Create a symlink from /usr/bin/esd to /usr/bin/
esdcompat For more information on pulseaudio, please refer to http://
www.pulseaudio.org/wiki/PerfectSetup


17.43. qemu

--------------

17.43.1. QuickStart

If you are completely new to qemu, you may find the big list of
switches a bit confusing. Most users want to install an operating
system from a cdrom image to a virtual harddisk. Here is what you
need:

$ qemu-img create foo.img 8G
$ wget http://server.com/bar.iso
$ qemu -hda foo.img -cdrom bar.iso

17.43.2. Guest-agent

The guest agent service is started automatically, as long as the
qemu-guest subpackage is installed. See here for setup instructions.

17.43.3. Tricks

It worth to read the full documentation at /usr/share/doc/qemu-*/
qemu-doc.html, it really worth to do so.

To demonstrate how powerful qemu is, here are a few cheap tricks:

If you want to be able to ssh to the machine, you can use port
redirection. For example using the -redir tcp:1022::22 option,
qemu:22 will be available at localhost:1022.

Note

This requires root privileges.

You can create a unix socket to control your virtual machine. For
example if you are not able to ssh to the machine, you can still
properly shut it down:

Use the -monitor unix:/tmp/qemu,server,nowait option, then send the
sendkey ctrl-alt-delete string to the socket, for example using
python:

python -c "import socket; sock = socket.socket(socket.AF_UNIX, socket.SOCK_STREAM); \
sock.connect('/tmp/qemu'); \
sock.send('sendkey ctrl-alt-delete\n')"

Finally a trick about vnc: using for example the -vnc 0 option, it’s
possible to reach qemu’s display via vnc. This is quite handy if you
run qemu on a server (for example in screen), then you can freely
attach to and detach from it whenever you want to do so.

Really, read the full documentation! :)


17.44. quota-tools

--------------

To really activate quotas, you’ll need to add usrquota to the
appropriate partitions as listed in /etc/fstab. Here’s an example:

/dev/hda2   /home   ext2   defaults,usrquota    1   1

When you want quota support for a given partition, some special files
have to be created boot-time. This is not done by default. To do so,
you need to

# touch /var/lib/quota/new

then, reboot to create those files.

To edit user quotas, use edquota. See man edquota.


17.45. rss2email

--------------

17.45.1. Configure:

Create a new feed database:

$ r2e new you@yourdomain.com

Subscribe to some feeds:

$ r2e add http://www.aaronsw.com/2002/rss2email/updates.rss

(That’s the feed to be notified when there’s a new version of
rss2email.) Repeat this for each feed you want to subscribe to.

When you run rss2email, it emails you about every story it hasn’t
seen before. But the first time you run it, that will be every story.
To avoid this, you can ask rss2email not to send you any stories the
first time you run it:

$ r2e run --no-send

Then later, you can ask it to email you new stories:

$ r2e run

You probably want to set this up as a cron job or something.

17.45.2. Customize:

There are a few options, described at the top of rss2email.py. If you
want to change something, add it to config.py. For example, to be
notified every time a post changes, instead of just once per post:

$ echo "TRUST_GUID = 0" >>~/.rss2email/config.py

And you can ask rss2email to make the emails look as if they were
sent when the item was actually posted:

$ echo "DATE_HEADER = 1" >>~/.rss2email/config.py


17.46. screen

--------------

17.46.1. Keeping your screen running across reboots

You may want to restart your screen session automatically after a
reboot. This is the case, for example, when we seed the Frugalware
ISOs using a torrent client. Here is what you need:

  * Set up your ~/.screenrc so that it’ll start your application when
    screen starts up:

screen -t seed 0 /bin/sh -c 'cd $HOME/frugalware-torrents; rtorrent'

  * Run crontab -e and append the following line to your crontab:

@reboot screen -d -m

You’re ready!


17.47. squirrelmail

--------------

Please start the configure script in the /var/www/squirrelmail
directory!


17.48. squirrelmail-check_quota

--------------

You have to install this plugin with squirrelmail’s own ./configure
tool.


17.49. squirrelmail-login_notes

--------------

You have to install this plugin with squirrelmail’s own ./configure
tool.


17.50. stunnel

--------------

You need some additional configuration before stunnel will be
functional:

Adjust the configuration file:

# cp /etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf-sample /etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf
# vi /etc/stunnel/stunnel.conf

Note

If something goes wrong, try setting sslVersion to all.

Generate your certificate:

# openssl req -new -x509 -days 365 -nodes -config /etc/stunnel/stunnel.cnf -out \
/etc/stunnel/mail.pem -keyout /etc/stunnel/mail.pem

Hide the certificate from users:

# chmod 600 /etc/stunnel/mail.pem

Now you can enable and start the service:

# systemctl enable stunnel.service
# systemctl start stunnel.service


17.51. syslinux

--------------

All the configurable defaults in SYSLINUX can be changed by putting a
file called syslinux.cfg.

SYSLINUX searches for the SYSLINUX.CFG file in the following order:

/boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg /syslinux/syslinux.cfg /syslinux.cfg

Here is a simple example syslinux.cfg file, with one entry to boot a
Linux kernel:

DEFAULT linux LABEL linux SAY Now booting the kernel from SYSLINUX…
KERNEL vmlinuz.img APPEND ro root=/dev/sda1

see http://syslinux.zytor.com/wiki/index.php/SYSLINUX for the
complete documentation.


17.52. trac

--------------

After installing trac you need a few steps to set it up. First of all
do not forget to install postgresql/mysql/sqlite according to which
database backend you want to use.

To create a new trac project, just use the command:

$ trac-admin /path/to/myproject initenv

You can check the result with:

tracd --port 8000 /path/to/myproject

Then, fire up a browser and visit http://localhost:8000

For further documentation on trac, how to set up with different HTTP
daemons see TracGuide


17.53. uget

--------------

If you want to use aria2-plugin, first install aria2 package:
pacman-g2 -S aria2 == util-linux

17.53.1. Using tmpfs for /tmp

Frugalware does not use tmpfs for /tmp by default. However on servers
this can cause problems: if you do not reboot for months, then
cleaning /tmp can take some time. Using tmpfs can solve your problem:
it’s a ramdisk so its content not preserved during a reboot. All you
need is to add the following line to your /etc/fstab:

tmpfs            /tmp             tmpfs       defaults         0   0

Note

You need util-linux >= 2.12-31 for this, otherwise X may not start.


17.54. vim

--------------

If you want to enable spell check support, you need to:

  * install the spell files for your language:

# pacman-g2 -S vim-spell-xx

where xx is code of the requested language.

  * enable the spell check support for your language (type in vim):

:setlocal spell spelllang=xx_yy

Some languages need correctly set encoding. If you get a message
like:

Warning: Cannot find word list "hu.latin1.spl" or "hu.ascii.spl"

then you need to set your encoding as well:

:set encoding=latin2

The incorrect words are coloured red by default. You can reach a list
of suggested words by pressing z= when the cursor is at the given
word.

If you want to disable the spell check support, type:

:setlocal nospell

It may be handy to have map function keys in ~/.vimrc to enable /
disable the spell check support:

set encoding=latin2
map <F5> <Esc>:setlocal spell spelllang=en_gb<CR>
map <F6> <Esc>:setlocal spell spelllang=hu<CR>
map <F7> <Esc>:setlocal nospell<CR>

Note

The language code is sometimes in an xx and sometimes is in an xx_yy
form. This is something you need to figure out for your language.

See the upstream documentation for more info about spell check
support:

:help spell


17.55. x11vnc

--------------

Running x11vnc without a password is not recommended. To create one,
type:

vncpasswd ~/.vnc/passwd

Then you can start the VNC server using

x11vnc -display :0 -rfbauth ~/.vnc/passwd -forever

if are logged in on :0.


17.56. xcache

--------------

17.56.1. Installing As PHP Extension?

 1. Check /etc/php.ini

    # cat /usr/share/doc/xcache-$pkgver/xcache.ini >> /etc/php.ini

 2. Modify php.ini for your needs:

    # $EDITOR /etc/php.ini

 3. Restart php

Warning

Use >> with cat, not simply >

Please take a look on xcache wiki.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

18. Mailing List Rules

---------------------------------------------------------------------


18.1. Introduction

--------------

The purpose of this document is to define rules that help the
communication on the mailing lists of Frugalware Linux.


18.2. Mailing Lists

--------------

There are 3 read-only lists

  * frugalware-announce for general announcements (low traffic)
  * frugalware-security for Frugalware Security Advisories
  * frugalware-bugs for newly opened tasks in the Bug Tracking System
    (This may be extended in future, currently you must use the web
    interface to comment a task.)

There are 3 lists for developers

  * frugalware-devel for general development questions. Every
    developer is supposed to read this list. It has a moderate
    traffic. (Usually only a few mails / day.)
  * frugalware-git for Git commits. This is a high traffic list.
    Every developer is supposed to subscribe to this list, but feel
    free to set Mail delivery to Disabled if you don’t want to
    receive mails. (This is required as only subscribed users can
    post to prevent spam.)
  * frugalware-darcs for Darcs patches. No longer used, but we keep
    this list as the archive is useful sometimes.

There are 3 lists for users

  * frugalware-forums is a bidirectional gateway between the users of
    the Frugalware Forums (this forum) and people who read the
    mailing lists only. The primary benefit is that not all
    developers read the Forums, but mailing lists.
  * frugalware-users is for general user questions. It seems the
    Forums are very popular, but we still provide a mailing list for
    user questions.
  * frugalware-users-hu is for Hungarian user questions.

If not mentioned, then the language of the lists are English. Please
use the appropriate language. If you know of other non-English
mailing lists, please tell us, then we can include them here.

You can subscribe to our mailing lists here. Also you can unsubscribe
or edit your options there.


18.3. Frugalware developers

--------------

Developers are supposed to read the -devel and -users mailing lists,
and supposed to be subscribed to the -git list.


18.4. Off-list discussion

--------------

We don’t set a Reply-to: header on our mailing lists. This is
intentional. If you don’t understand why this is a good decision,
first please read this document.

In practice if this is a new situation for you, then use your mail
client’s list-reply function, as the reply function will send the
mail off-list which is not something you want in most cases.

Also please do not use the group-reply function if possible. Users
must subscribe before they post, so you can be sure they are in the
mailing list.

(This is different to some other projects' rules. Some projects
require you to use group-reply all the time, please do not do so on
our lists.)


18.5. Top posting and HTML messages

--------------

Please do not top post on our lists. Also please try to avoid HTML
messages, many developers use a console mail client to read mails and
reading such messages is always problematic.


18.6. Archives

--------------

We have our own archive of our mailing lists here. Gmane also
provides searchable archives.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

19. IRC Rules

---------------------------------------------------------------------


19.1. Introduction

--------------

This document describes the rules to be followed by everyone who
joins the users' and/or developers' IRC channels of Frugalware Linux.


19.2. Welcome

--------------

You have joined us on IRC, to get help from or to give help to other
Frugalware users. We’re sure you have made a good decision :) This
document details a few basic rules that should be followed on IRC.
The rules are documented here so that they’re available to everyone.


19.3. IRC channels

--------------

There are 5 Frugalware Linux channels for users

  * #frugalware (Main, English-language only)
  * #frugalware.es (Spanish-language only)
  * #frugalware.fr (French-language only)
  * #frugalware.hu (Hungarian-language only)
  * #frugalware.it (Italian-language only)

Please use only the language appropriate to the channel. If you don’t
do so, you’ll be asked to change channels. If you know of other
non-English channels, please tell us.

There is a Frugalware Linux channel for developers

  * #frugalware.dev (Frugalware development discussion. Only
    Frugalware developers can speak on this channel but everyone can
    see what’s being discussed).


19.4. Frugalware developers

--------------

If you’re a Frugalware developer, please also join one or more of the
user channels. Since users don’t have the right to speak on the #
frugalware.dev channel, your presence on a user channel is the only
way they can chat with you. Keep in mind that today’s Frugalware
users may be tomorrow’s Frugalware developers.


19.5. Off-topic discussion

--------------

19.5.1. Other Linux distributions' features

You may discuss other distributions' features but don’t expect
everyone to be familiar with them. For example the following question
is impossible to answer for someone who hasn’t used Gentoo:

How can i set up my network so that it works as it does under Gentoo?

Instead, describe what it is that you’re trying to achieve, for
example:

Is it possible to use network profiles so that I can change all my
settings with one command when I get home from my workplace?

19.5.2. Non-Frugalware discussion

Talking about non-Frugalware topics (or even non-Linux) is okay, as
long as this doesn’t prevent others from talking about Frugalware. We
are a community, so you’re welcome to share your ideas, but don’t
make it impossible for others to get help.


19.6. Asking questions

--------------

19.6.1. I’m new to Frugalware

Welcome! You’ve either installed or are wanting to install Frugalware
and so have some general questions. Before asking them in the IRC
channel, please read the about page.

19.6.2. First read the Frugalware documentation

Before asking a question, first read the Frugalware documentation to
be sure that the answer is not already there. Those who wrote the
documentation have spent quite an amount of time and effort. If your
question is answered in the documentation you’ll be told to read it
and provided a link. So please - read the documentation and don’t be
lazy.

19.6.3. Go ahead and ask

Don’t first ask if you can ask a question, just go ahead and ask. The
worst that can happen is that you don’t get an answer.


19.7. Paste

--------------

If you have a few lines of an error message or something similar to
show to others in the channel, don’t paste it into the channel. This
is because (1) IRC is slow and (2) it breaks the flow of other
peoples' conversations. Instead, please use our Pastebin, which is
available here.


19.8. Is mxw_ a bot?

--------------

Yes, it is. It informs users about new binary packages, manages
rights on the channel and so on. If you want a new feature to be
implemented then feel free to request it at the Frugalware Bug
Tracker System (BTS) which is available here.


19.9. Bouncers, leaving your client online when you’re away

--------------

That’s not a problem, but please keep in mind the following: if you
are away then you should be able to read back the lines when you were
highlighted. If this is not possible then it’s better to quit from
the channels, since we think that we’re talking to you while we’re
talking with /dev/null. Also if you’re online and you have been
highlighted and asked, please try to answer. If you have no time,
then a simple

Alex: I don’t have time ATM to answer, sorry.

is enough. So that he won’t wait for your answer.


19.10. Private messaging

--------------

Please do not /msg users unless you first asked for permission to do
so. This is a support channel: you ask in the channel and whoever has
the time/knowledge to answer, he/she will. That the fastest way,
believe us.

You should also know that some of us (voroskoi, vmiklos, maybe others
too) set up their clients to ignore msgs on freenode, so you talk to
/dev/null when you /msg to us.


19.11. Logging

--------------

All Frugalware channels are logged and public. The logs are linked
from the home page, and the main goal is to allow search engines to
index them. If you don’t like this then your only choice is to not
join ;-)


19.12. Verbose away messages, away nicks

--------------

Please avoid them, doing so makes the signal-to-noise ratio higher.
See the Away messages suck article for further reasons.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

20. Checking if Frugalware tarballs are from a trusted source

---------------------------------------------------------------------


20.1. How to verify

--------------

  * Import our public keyring with the following command:

$ gpg --recv-keys 20F55619

  * Verify the tarball. Here is an example:

$ gpg --verify pacman-tools-0.7.2.tar.gz.asc pacman-tools-0.7.2.tar.gz
gpg: Signature made Sun 14 May 2006 02:35:34 AM CEST using DSA key ID 20F55619
gpg: Good signature from "Frugalware Linux Archives Verification Key \
        <frugalware-devel@frugalware.org>"


20.2. The meaning of this signature

--------------

This signature does not guarantee that the Frugalware Linux Archives
master site itself has not been compromised. However, if we suffer an
intrusion we will revoke the key and post information on the home
page as quickly as possible.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

21. Creating new packages

---------------------------------------------------------------------


21.1. Introduction

--------------

Frugalware consists of thousands of packages. Each file in the
distribution belongs to a package and you can easily query to which
package a file belongs. For example, if you want to know which
package contains /etc/frugalware-release, you should use:

$ pacman-g2 -Qo /etc/frugalware-release
/etc/frugalware-release is owned by frugalware 0.6rc1-1

If you browse the FST (Frugalware Source Tree), you can see, that in
the source directory there are category and category-extra dirs. The
dirs without -extra tag contains the basic packages of the given
category and the dependencies of the basic packages. So a package in
these directories can not depend on a package in extra directories.
The same is true for console/graphical applications: if your
application/library is graphical, then use xapps/xlib, if not then
use apps/lib. For each task there is a default package. For example
postfix is our default MTA, so exim, sendmail, etc must be in some
extra dir.

The repo has a source and a binary directory. The frugalware repo’s
directories are source/ and frugalware-$arch/. The binary packages
are in the binary directory of the repo. The sources of packages are
a little bit more complex. Each package has a category, and each
category and package has its own directory in the source dir.

Let’s see an example. You are searching for the cabextract package.
The binary package is named frugalware-<arch>/cabextract-<version>-
<release>-<arch>.fpm and its source is placed in the source/apps/
cabextract dir.

In the package’s own dir, we store everything required to compile the
package. You may say we should store only the patches and so, but in
our opinion, it’s very annoying when you want to recompile a package
and the original server is slow or even unreachable, due to some
other reasons. Also it may be illegal that we would provide only
binary packages without storing the source (since then it may be
possible that we are not able to send the source to you even if you
ask us by mail).

Besides, there is a FrugalBuild file in each package’s source
directory. This is a simple bash shell script, that will be included
by makepkg. So in the FrugalBuild script you can use everything that
can be used in a shell script.

Note

During the package database generation we source all the
FrugalBuilds, so it must be a very short time to do so for each
FrugalBuild. Because of this, you should not use something like:

sha1sums=(`lynx -dump http://foo.com/bar.sha1`)

but you should use:

# http://foo.com/bar.sha1
sha1sums=('094e3afb2fe8dfe82f63731cdcd3b999f4856cff')

This way gensync will be fast even if reaching foo.com takes a lot of
time. Also using the -u option an offline build is possible.

Briefly, packaging means collecting the sources, adding additional
files (for example init scripts or config files) and writing the
FrugalBuild script.


21.2. Recompiling packages

--------------

Before creating a new package, first we will recompile an existing
package in this howto. It’s very simple. In our example we will
recompile the mplayer package.

First, you have to download the current FST.

  * Getting the FST as root

    This is the most simple, you only have to issue:

    # repoman upd

  * Getting the FST as a simple user

    If you want to do it as a regular user, create the ~
    /.repoman.conf file and edit it, change the fst_root dir in it
    (by default, it would download the files to /var/fst, and it is
    not writable as a user, of course).

    The ~/.repoman.conf file should look like:

    fst_root=~/git

    Thought fst_root can point to any directory writeable by the
    user.

    And finally to get the FST, issue:

    $ repoman upd

Before building the chroot environment, you should make sure about
that the fst user exists on your system. Check your /etc/passwd file.
If not, then please check your /etc/passwd.pacnew file, that contains
the relevant entry, just copy that line to /etc/passwd.

Now that you have the fst user, continue with

$ cd $fst_root/source/xapps/mplayer
$ sudo makepkg [<options>]

Note

If you are using stable, you probably want to use the -t stable
option!

First we enter the directory of mplayer then (like make and Makefile)
we run makepkg that will build the package according to the
parameters described in FrugalBuild. We once had to use the -R option
to build the package in a chroot-ed environment. Since 0.5, building
in chroot is the default method, you have to use -H if you want to
build on the host system. Chroot requires root privileges. To allow a
group (for example the devels group) to use sudo makepkg, start
visudo as root, and add the following line:

%devels ALL=NOPASSWD:/usr/bin/makepkg

The chroot will be placed by default in /var/chroot. Only one package
can be built in a chroot at a time, so maybe you’ll want to specify a
separate chroot for each user. In order to do this, set the
$CHROOTDIR variable in your /etc/makepkg.conf from:

export CHROOTDIR="/var/chroot"

to

export CHROOTDIR="/var/chroot.`echo $HOME|sed \'s|.\*/\(.*\)$|\1|'"`

This way the one parallel build / one system limit is increased to 
one parallel build / one user.

(See man makepkg for more info about the benefits of building in a
chroot).


21.3. Use variables

--------------

You can alter the result of the build process using environment
variables without touching the FrugalBuild itself. The git package is
a good example. Using

$ sudo makepkg [<options>] USE_DEVEL=y

for that package results in a build of git’s development version.
Here is what you need if you want so for your package:

# set the variable to false by default
USE_DEVEL=${USE_DEVEL:-"n"}

(...)

# these commands will be evaluated only in case USE_DEVEL is set to true
if Fuse $USE_DEVEL; then
        _F_scm_type="git"
        _F_scm_url="git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/git/git.git"
        Finclude scm
fi

In the next section we will see an example for a simple FrugalBuild
script.


21.4. A simple example

--------------

Let’s see a simple example, the FrugalBuild script of the cabextract
package.

# Compiling Time: 0.06 SBU
# Maintainer: James Buren <ryuo@frugalware.org>

pkgname=cabextract
pkgver=1.2
pkgrel=1
pkgdesc="a program to extract Microsoft Cabinet files"
url="http://www.kyz.uklinux.net/cabextract.php"
depends=('glibc')
groups=('apps')
archs=('i686' 'x86_64')
up2date="lynx -dump http://www.kyz.uklinux.net/cabextract.php |grep 'cabextract \
        source code'|tr -s ' '|cut -d ' ' -f 6"
source=(http://www.kyz.uklinux.net/downloads/$pkgname-$pkgver.tar.gz)
sha1sums=('871b3db4bc2629eb5726659c147aecea1af6a6d0')

# optimization OK

And here comes the description for each line:

# Compiling Time: 0.06 SBU

You should write here how much time it took to build the package. Of
course, it depends on your hardware, so we use SBUs instead of
minutes as a unit.

SBU is the Static Binutils Unit, which means the time repoman merge
binutils takes on your machine. By default makepkg will print out how
many seconds the build took. After you built binutils, you should
update your /etc/makepkg.conf:

SBU="257"

The line above means compiling binutils on your machine took 257
seconds. From this point, makepkg will print out SBUs instead of
seconds after successful builds, and this SBU value will be equal on
anyone’s machine.

# Maintainer: James Buren <ryuo@frugalware.org>

If you are the maintainer of the package, write your name or nick and
e-mail address here. If you probably you won’t maintain the package,
write Contributor instead of Maintainer, and then the Maintainer will
add his/her line later. A package may have only one contributor: the
first person who wrote FrugalBuild for it. The maintainer is the
current maintainer. The other names should not be included in the
FrugalBuild, anyone can use the version control features to look for
them.

pkgname=cabextract

This will be the name of the package. It’s allowed to include
numbers, hyphens (-), etc., and should be lowercase.

pkgver=1.2

The package’s version. Hyphens are not allowed, so a 1.0-6111 will be
usually converted to 1.0_6111.

pkgrel=1

Release number marks Frugalware-specific changes. If you recompile a
package, you should increase this number. If you upgrade to a newer
version, don’t forget to reset this number back to 1. If you design a
new package, set this to 1.

pkgdesc="a program to extract Microsoft Cabinet files"

A short one-line description for the package. Usually taken from the
project’s homepage or manpage.

url="http://www.kyz.uklinux.net/cabextract.php"

The website of the project.

depends=(\'glibc\')

List of dependencies of the package, defined in a bash array. Usually
you should compile a package at least two times: first with depends=
(), then you should run chkdep -p foo.fpm that will suggest the
dependencies, but handle that information with caution! Reading the
README, INSTALL and configure.ac files is also a good idea to find
out dependencies.

groups=(\'apps\')

It is needed to know where, in which category the package belongs.
The most important thing: don’t put your package in apps, base,
devel, lib, multimedia or network, if it depends on X (or on a pkg
depending on X, of course). Packages in the extra repository get the 
-extra suffix to the group name.

You should use groups for creating metapackages. The method is the
following: put each package to an existing group (group without a
hyphen or with the -extra suffix), then add the packages to a new
group, something like foo-suite or whatever your want, provided that
the name is not an existing group.

Example:

groups=(\'lib-extra\' \'foo-suite\')

archs=(\'i686\' \'x86_64\')

This array defines for which architectures the given package is
available. If it’s not available, it means that gensync will skip it
when generating package databases. If you are not able to provide a
binary package for a given arch, don’t include that in archs()! For
example, no matter if the package could be compiled in x86_64, if you
haven’t compiled it yourself, don’t include it.

up2date="lynx -dump http://www.kyz.uklinux.net/cabextract.php |grep 'cabextract \
        source code' |sed 's/.*-\(.*\).t.*/\1/'"

A short command that will give us the latest stable version of the
package. This helps maintainers to keep the FST up to date. Usually
this string consists of three parts: a lynx -dump someurl, a grep
foo, and a sed command. We use the http protocol if possible, but
sometimes we have to use ftp. In that case instead of lynx -dump you
should use wget -O - -q. Of course, you could use wget all the time,
but lynx is simpler. The sed command could be replaced with the
combination of tr and cut if you prefer them instead of sed. The
example used above would be the following with cut and tr:

up2date="lynx -dump http://www.kyz.uklinux.net/cabextract.php |grep \
        'cabextractsource code'|tr -s ' '|cut -d ' ' -f 6"

source=(http://www.kyz.uklinux.net/downloads/$pkgname-$pkgver.tar.gz)

Here you define the sources of the package in a bash array. You can
use simple filenames for patches, or additional files when you place
them in the same directory as the FrugalBuild script. You can use
URLs if you want makepkg to download them automatically. It’s
important to place all sources in the package’s directory including
the source files that you can download from a site. Also when
dowloading from sourceforge, please use Finclude sourceforge! If you
use various random patches from unknown sources, don’t expect that
somebody else will port those patches to a newer version. You will
have to do the work yourself. You have been warned! Actually try to
avoid patches unless they are really necessary (eg: secfix, bugfix).

A few words about the size of the sources. If you use an URL then the
size is almost unlimited, but if the source is not an url then the
source will be added to the FST when the package is accepted. We
don’t allow files bigger than 100KB in FST. To solve this problem,
the sources for a given package are placed in the /pub/other/sources/
pkgname dir for each package. If the source is not compressed, we use
gzip or bzip2 to compress it first. After this you can use a http://
ftp.frugalware.org/pub/other/sources/pkgname/foo-styled URL for those
big sources.

sha1sums=(\'094e3afb2fe8dfe82f63731cdcd3b999f4856cff\')

Another bash array to prevent compiling from the wrong source. Of
course this is useless if you just run sha1sum foo.tar.gz after
download. Try fetching original sha1sums from the projects website,
if possible. It’s a good idea to leave a comment above this line
about where to find these sha1sums.

As you can see there in no build() function in this FB. It’s because
we wrote some F* functions to make our work easier. It’s something
similar you can see in Gentoo for example. These functions can be
found in source/include/util.sh file inside the FST. An empty build
actually means:

build() {
        Fpatchall
        Fmake "$@"
        Fmakeinstall
        if echo ${source[@]}|grep -q README.Frugalware; then
                Fdoc README.Frugalware
        fi
}

So Fpatchall will apply all the patches in source() array, then Fmake
calls the configure script and make command, then Fmakeinstall acts
like make install, finally if a README.Frugalware file is given it
will also add that to the package. For details see the utils.sh file,
it’s well documented.

Note

You don’t have to use these F* commands, but we highly recommend it.
Also if you use simple commands do not forget to add || return 1
after each command, so the build will stop on error!

# optimization OK

This line will be added automatically to the end of the FrugalBuild
if the build() function used your $CFLAGS or $CXXFLAGS. This is handy
if you want to cross-compile on a faster machine for a slower
architecture. If the package doesn’t use our $CFLAGS we can’t
cross-compile it, so please try to avoid creating "unoptimized"
packages. If the package doesn’t contain any architecture-dependent
file, then you can add this line manually as makepkg will not detect
this.


21.5. Full reference

--------------

Now here is a full list of directives available.

First, let’s start with the install directive. Here you can refer to
an install file (usually $pkgname.install) to use. If there is a
$pkgname.install in the FrugalBuild’s directory, it will be used
automatically. In the install file, you can define actions to be
executed before/after installing/upgrading/removing the package. A
skeleton of this file can be found under /docs/skel in FST.

Of course, you probably will not need all of these functions, just
remove what you don’t need. If you want to do exactly the same after
upgrading as after installing, feel free to use post_install $1 in
the post_upgrade() function.

Save this file as $pkgname.install, thus makepkg will automatically
use it. You should not specify the install script in the source array
as it is not used in build().

The pkgname, pkgver, pkgrel, url, source and sha1sums directives were
discussed in the previous section.

The backup array is used to make some files in the package as config
files. If possible, we don’t modify config files during an upgrade.
Example:

backup=(\'etc/pacman-g2.conf\')

Note that the leading slash is missing!

For more information about this, see the handling config files
section in the pacman-g2 manpage

The depends array has been discussed already, except I haven’t
mentioned before that the elements may include version information,
for example:

pkgname=kdewebdev
depends=('kdelibs=3.3.0')

Here you can use <>, ⇐, >= or = operators.

The makedepends array defines packages required only in build time.
For example if the source is in SRPM format, probably alien is a
build-time requirement.

The rodepends array defines packages required only in runtime. It
must be used in any case when putting the given package in the
depends() array would cause circular dependency.

In the conflicts array, you can define a list of packages that
shouldn’t be installed if you want to install this package. Let’s see
an another example:

pkgname=mutt-devel
conflicts=('mutt')

It is necessary as the two packages are almost the same, but the
binaries differ. In this case the mutt package must also contain this
line: conflicts=(\'mutt-devel\'). Of course, if two or more packages
conflict eachother, only one of them can be placed in a non-extra
group.

The provides array is used to create virtual dependencies. It means
both postfix and sendmail provides mta, so we can do:

pkgname=mailman
rodepends=('mta')

The user has a choice between postfix and sendmail.

The last one in this list is the replaces directive. The
module-init-tools package is a good example:

pkgname=module-init-tools
replaces=('modutils')
conflicts=('modutils')

As you can see, we often make such new packages which also conflict
with each other. Using the replaces directive when users use
pacman-g2 -Su next time, if modutils is installed (probably :)), they
will be asked to remove modutils and install module-init-tools.

license=(\'GPL2\')

This directive is optional. At the moment, you may add such a field,
but copy the LICENSE field from the source root to the packages’s
documentation dir, so this isn’t really necessary.


21.6. Subpackages

--------------

Since 0.5 makepkg can also create subpackages. It is very useful when
your package has graphical parts based on qt for example. It’s a pain
for gnome users as they want the package, but they do not want the qt
part. So you create a subpackage for qt part and both side is happy.
Let’s see an example:

# Compiling Time: 1.43 SBU
# Maintainer: crazy <crazy@frugalware.org>

pkgname=djvulibre
pkgver=3.5.18
pkgrel=2
pkgdesc="DjVu is a web-centric format for distributing documents and images."
depends=('libtiff' 'libjpeg')
makedepends=('kdelibs' 'gnome-mime-data' 'gnome-icon-theme' 'htop')
rodepends=('xdg-utils')
groups=('xapps')
archs=('i686' 'x86_64')
options=('scriptlet')
_F_sourceforge_dirname="djvu"
_F_sourceforge_broken_up2date=1
Finclude sourceforge
url="http://djvulibre.djvuzone.org/"
source=(${source[@]} head_-n1.patch  no-OPTS-FLAGS-thx.patch)

subpkgs=('djview')
subdescs=('DjVu viewer for qt and mozilla plugins.')
subdepends=('libxi libgl qt libxmu')
subrodepends=('djvulibre')
subgroups=('xapps-extra')
subarchs=('i686 x86_64')

build()
{
        Fcd
        Fpatchall
        Fautoreconf
        export CFLAGS="$CFLAGS"
        export CXXFLAGS="$CXXFLAGS"
        Fconf \
                --enable-threads \
                --disable-desktopfiles \
                --enable-xmltools \
                --enable-djview
        make depend || Fdie
        make || Fdie
        Fmakeinstall
        Fln /usr/lib/netscape/plugins/nsdejavu.so \
                /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins/nsdejavu.so
        Fln djview3.1.gz usr/share/man/man1/djview.1

        Fsplit djview usr/bin/djview
        Fsplit djview usr/bin/djview3
        Fsplit djview usr/lib/mozilla
        Fsplit djview usr/lib/netscape
        for i in . ja; do
                [[ $i == . ]] && Fsplit djview usr/share/man/$i/man1/djview.1
                Fsplit djview usr/share/man/$i/man1/djview3.1
                Fsplit djview usr/share/man/$i/man1/nsdejavu.1
        done
        Fsplit djview usr/share/djvu/djview3
}

Here you can see the djvulibre FrugalBuild. Note subpkgs, subdescs,
subdepends, subgroups and subarchs. These 5 value is lethal for a
subpackage. There are other subpackage variables too of course. See
man FrugalBuild for details. Also note that bash does not support
two-dimensional arrays, so when defining the array of arrays, then
quotes are the major separators and spaces are the minor ones.

Defining the subpackage is only the first part of creating a
subpackage. You have to tell makepkg which files you want to put in
the subpackage. We use Fsplit command for this. First parameter is
the subpackage name, second is the file you want to move. Please
never use a trailing slash when defining file patterns, especially if
you use wildcards in it!

If you need more example just take a look on avahi FrugalBuild in
network group.

Note

Use subpackages when they are necessary, but do not start making
foo-devel, foo-common, foo-not-so-common,
foo-quite-common-but-not-that-common packages :) Making too much
subpackage makes maintaining too hard and simplicity is the frugal
way.


21.7. Compiling the package

--------------

That’s fairly simple. In the package directory you should do exactly
the same as described in the Recompiling packages section. If you
want to contribute this package to the Frugalware project, then go to
BTS, open a feature request and upload each non-downloadable file
(ie. FrugalBuild, install scriptlet, patches) as an attachement.
Please do not forget to check your FrugalBuild with fblint command
before uploading it. Fblint is available in pacman-tools package.

Happy packaging!


21.8. Kernel modules

--------------

A few words about kernel modules. They’re special as even if you
installed the correct version of the kernel (and kernel-source)
package, sometimes the modules are compiled for the running kernel,
so you have to check if compiling against other kernel version than
the running one works or not. You can use the modinfo command for
this. If crosscompiling does not work always add Fcheckkernel to the
build(). So here is the list of conditions a kernel module package
have to satisfy:

1) Should depend on kernel=version, where version is the version of
the kernel defined in $fst_root/source/include/kernel-module.sh.
(Always use up-to-date FST!)

2) Should Finclude the kernel-module scheme.

3) If you want to use a custom install script (saying running just
depmod -a after the install/upgrade is not enough for you) then the
install script should run depmod -a. Otherwise the scheme will
provide so a scriptlet which does so.

4) build() should call Fcheckkernel to ensure the module will be
compiled for the right kernel version or it should be commented if
you have checked the compiling for other kernel version. It is good
for out build servers as they may not run the kernel provided by the
given package tree. (They can’t run -stable and -current kernels at
the same time :) ).

5) Kernel modules may be installed for the not-currently-running
kernel. To ensure they are registered properly, you need to use the
Fbuild_kernelmod_scriptlet function. It generates the proper install
scriptlet for you.

See man kernel-module.sh for more info.


21.9. Repoman

--------------

Repoman is simple tool to download all packages' buildscript and
compile programs from source.

The most commonly used repoman commands are the following:

repoman merge package

or simply

repoman m package

builds a package from source and installs it. You can configure the
build options in the makepkg_opts directive of /etc/repoman.conf.

By default repoman will install the missing dependencies with pacman,
clean up the leftover work files, install the package, and write the
resulting package to the current working directory.

repoman update

or simply

repoman upd

updates FST in /var/fst (or the directory set in ~/.repoman.conf).
First time repoman will download it (it may take some time!).


---------------------------------------------------------------------

22. This is a small tutorial for those who want to contribute to
Frugalware

---------------------------------------------------------------------


22.1. Ways of contributing

--------------

There are many different ways to contribute to Frugalware. You can
write documentation, translate the existing documentation into your
native language (or any other language you want to), maintain
packages or improve them with added features etc.

If you are a programmer you can help us in developing our
applications. These are: pacman-g2, gfpm, fwlive, frugalwareutils,
setup etc. See git.frugalware.org for different project repositories.

You can also start new projects. If you show some code we can surely
host your project too if it’s Frugalware related. For example you
want to write kfpm :)

Important

After each title in brackets you can find the target audience.

22.1.1. Translations (translators)

You can read the details on our Translations documentation page.

22.1.2. Necessary documentation (packagers, coders)

In the first part I will cover the information necessary for those
who do not have developer status yet.

In the second part we will set up the necessary config files.

First of all, we ask you to read the following documentation
carefully. If you do not want to deal with packages, but just want to
code it’s usually enough to read the git documentation as we store
our code in git repositories.

  * man makepkg
  * man pacman-g2
  * man repoman
  * man FrugalBuild
  * man fwmakepkg
  * makepkg howto
  * git getting started

I know, it is boring reading documentation, but you have to know that
writing it is even worse so do not ask questions when the answer in
the documentation. If you can not understand something feel free to
join #frugalware@irc.freenode.net and ask.

22.1.3. Downloading and setting up the repositories

22.1.3.1. Getting the frugalware-current repo (packagers)

The frugalware-current repo is the development repo for the packages.

When you want to get it you need the git package. Let’s get it:

# pacman-g2 -S git

Now create a git directory where you can hold all your repos. You can
choose any other name of course.

$ mkdir -p ~/git
$ cd ~/git

Now clone the repo with git:

$ git clone http://frugalware.org/git/pub/frugalware/frugalware-current current
$ cd current

Now be patient while git clones all the objects and then checks out
the files. Also you can use other mirrors as well.

22.1.3.2. Getting pacman-g2 and other code (coders)

First of all you need the repo of the program. In this example I will
use pacman-g2, but the steps are very similar. NOTE: Most of our
programs need the translations repo to compile)

$ mkdir -p ~/git
$ cd ~/git
$ git clone http://frugalware.org/git/pub/other/translations (optional)
$ git clone http://frugalware.org/git/pub/other/pacman-g2/pacman-g2
$ cd pacman-g2

22.1.3.3. Setting up the repository and sending patch via email
(packagers, coders)

Now you should setup up your identity.

$ git config --global user.name "Your Name"
$ git config --global user.email email@addr.ess
$ git config branch.master.rebase true

Now you can make your changes. When finished run

$ git diff

in the repository.

Tip

You can also use git diff . (note the dot in the end). In that case
git will show the changes recursively in the current directory. It is
very handy when you have lot of uncommitted changes in your repo.

If you are satisfied with the changes run

$ git commit -a

to commit all your changes.

If you want to cherry-pick hunks from your changes:

$ dg record

or using native git commands:

$ git add -p; git commit

Without committing your changes you can not send nor push (just
developers) it.

Tip

With frugalware-* repos it’s recommended to use repoman rec which is
a wrapper for dg record. It sets up the patch name properly so you
only need to deal with the details.

Note

Here you can find more details on how to write good commit messages
in general using git.

Here comes the final step. Send in the patch(es)!

$ git format-patch <hash>
$ git send-email --to frugalware-devel@frugalware.org .

<hash> is the sha1 of the last patch you do not want to submit. Run

$ git log

and you’ll see the hash. Also, you can just use your existing mail
client and send the patch(es) as an attachment.

If everything goes fine your patch should show up on the
frugalware-devel mailing list soon.

Note

You have to subscribe to the frugalware-devel mailing list and set up
your SMTP server properly (if you use git send-email).

It doesn’t really belong to here but I want to document it somewhere.
If you are a developer and want to apply such a patch, you need:

  * Check the patch itself. If the second line is not an empty one,
    then you need to hand-edit the patch before applying:

Subject: [PATCH] powwow-1.2.13-1-i686
 * new package

to:

Subject: [PATCH] powwow-1.2.13-1-i686

* new package

  * Then you can apply the patch using git-am:

$ cat 0002-powwow-1.2.13-1-i686.patch | git am

You should do this in the root directory of the repository.

22.1.4. Further options for those who have developer account
(packagers, coders)

Once you get a developer account, you have the right to request the
following services:

  * BTS access (so that we can assign tasks to you)
  * git write access (you’ll always get this, except if you are
    working on the artwork or so)
  * a @frugalware.org mail address (with imaps/pop3s access)
  * Public and private devspace. The first is in the /pub/other/
    people/nick dir and this is mirrored (you must not put private
    stuff to there). The later is your ~/public_html dir: it is not
    mirrored and there is no backup for it. Though you may
    temporarily put private stuff to there.
  * a @frugalware.org jabber account if you want one

What you should do:

  * You should read the frugalware-devel mailing list. When you’re
    asked, please try to respond.
  * If you push patches to git, you should subscribe to the
    frugalware-git mailing list. This is list has a big traffic since
    a new mail is sent for each patch. If you don’t have time to read
    it, subscribe then set the "I would like to receive no mail"
    option. Also take care that your subscribing email address is the
    same one you set using git config user.email
  * It’s good if you can join the user and developer channel when
    you’re online.
  * Maintain your packages. Try to resolve your assigned bugs, try to
    keep your packages up to date, and if you needed patches for
    packages, send them upstream. If you don’t have anything to do
    for a week that’s usually a bad sign. It’s - of course - OK when
    you go for vacation a few times a year, but then please announce
    it on the developer mailing list so that we won’t wait for you
    when fixing urgent problems, etc.
  * Document your work. The documentation is worth nothing if it’s
    outdated. Ideally somone who has never contacted us should be
    able to understand every detail of Frugalware, just from
    documentation. No secrets! We are not kids.
  * If you have time, try to read the mailing lists (
    frugalware-users*@ ) and the forums. If you prefer reading the
    forums from your mail client, there is a bi-directional gateway
    on the frugalware-forums@ list, use it.

Let us see what you should set up to get it work. I will also give
some tips which can make your life easier.

Read this page, we collected a set of tricks when we converted from
darcs to git.

22.1.4.1. Setting up the frugalware-* repos and repoman (packagers)

It is time to set up some necessary things. We start with the
frugalware-current repo. Make sure that you are in the root of the
frugalware-current repo. Also do not forget to change the username to
your login name on git.frugalware.org.

$ git config remote.origin.url 'username@git.frugalware.org:/home/ftp/pub/frugalware/frugalware-current'
$ git config remote.origin.receivepack "sudo -u repo git-receive-pack"

As you will use repoman to upload the packages (and many other things
as you’ll see) we should set it up now. This step is also necessary.
Open ~/.repoman.conf with your favourite editor and add the following
lines:

fst_root=~/git
current_servers=("username@git.frugalware.org:/home/ftp/pub/frugalware/frugalware-current")
stable_servers=("username@git.frugalware.org:/home/ftp/pub/frugalware/frugalware-stable")
stable_pushonly="y"

Where fst_root is the directory where you store your git repos.
Username is your login on git.frugalware.org. For details see man
repoman.

As from now use the following command from package’s directory to
push your changes.

$ repoman push

It will check the FrugalBuild using fblint, then record your changes,
push them, upload the fpms and finally create the changelog, update
the fdb etc. So you are done if there was no error message.

22.1.4.2. Setting up other repos (coders)

In repo’s main directory:

$ git config remote.origin.url 'username@git.frugalware.org:/home/ftp/pub/other/pacman-g2/pacman-g2'
$ git config remote.origin.receivepack "sudo -u owner git-receive-pack"

Do not forget to change the username and repository path. For paths
refer to the gitweb interface.

Note

The owner for pacman-g2, frugalwareutils, pacman-tools is usually
vmiklos.

You should always review what you would push before you perform the
action:

$ git fetch
$ git rebase origin/master
$ git log origin/master..master

Then you can use

$ git push

to send in your changes.

Note

The dg push wrapper does exactly this for you.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

23. Security support

---------------------------------------------------------------------


23.1. Introduction

--------------

This document documents the work of the Frugalware Security Team.
Primarily it’s for new developers or for existing developers who join
the Security Team.


23.2. Handling security bugs

--------------

 1. The security team opens a new task in the BTS, with a [SEC]
    prefix.
 2. The maintainer fixes the issue in -current and decides if the
    issue needs fixing in -stable or not. If yes, then changes the
    status of the task to "Fixed in -current", otherwise closes the
    task.
 3. If there is no patch for the issue yet, then set the status to
    "Researching". This indicates that you, the maintainer, is aware
    of the problem, but don’t yet have enough a solution.
 4. The security team regularly searches for "Fixed in -current"
    bugs, fixes the issue in -stable and releases a new FSA.


23.3. How to release an FSA?

--------------

 1. Check if the backport built by syncpkgd is ready (the binary
    packages should be uploaded for each arch).
 2. Open the -stable Changelog file of the package. There you can see
    the vulnerable and unaffected versions of the package.
 3. Add a new entry to the frugalware/xml/security.xml file in the
    homepage-ng repo.
 4. Commit, push. The commit hook will check if the xml is valid, so
    most common errors can be avoided. In rare cases, the
    announcement may not appear on the frugalware-security list. If
    this is the case, then ask on -devel about what the problem might
    be.
 5. Close the task in the BTS, filing in FSAxxx in the closure
    message.


23.4. How to notice security issues

--------------

 1. Subscribe to Secunia Security Advisories List at http://
    secunia.com/secunia_security_advisories/ page. This is the best
    place to notice issues.
 2. Read the mails one-by-one and check if the advisory affects
    -current or -stable.
 3. Open a task in BTS if necessary. Please fill in the form
    correctly, provide a patch if you can.

You can also read other mailing lists, like https://lists.grok.org.uk
/mailman/listinfo/full-disclosure, but Secunia monitors them, so you
won’t miss anything. (You just notice things later.)


23.5. How to get patches

--------------

Secunia announces security issues days after they released so there
is a good chance to find a patch.

 1. First of all sometimes upstream fixes it with a new version.
 2. Fixed in cvs/svn/whatever and you are able to find the patch
    (unlike PHP)
 3. If these two fail, there is http://security.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/
    pool. Secunia also mails you if the bug fixen in Ubuntu, so steal
    the patch from them :) You only need the
    $package-$pkgver.diff.gz. There is a changelog in it, where you
    can find the filename of the fix.
 4. It’s also a good idea to take a look on RedHat/Gentoo bugzilla.
    They attach fixes most the time.

So it’s good to read the Secunia mails carefully as you’ll always
know when the patch is available.


23.6. Versioning

--------------

We use integers in pkgrels for normal packages, but -stable updates
are different. Here are the cases:

  * If you do a version bump (we refer to them as secfix bump usually
    in -stable commit messages), then you need to set pkgrel to 1
    <release_codename>1.
  * If you add a security patch, and pkgrel was an integer (let’s say
    1), then you should increment pkgrel to 2<release_codename>1.
  * If you add a security patch when the pkgrel was already in an X
    <release_codename>Y form, increment it to X<release_codename>Y+1.
    (Alternatively, you can use X+1<release_codename>Y if there is
    already a newer version in -current.)

This ensures that:

  * The version of the security update will be larger than the one in
    -stable, so that the package will be upgraded when the user does
    a pacman-g2 -Syu on -stable.
  * The version of the security update will be smaller than the one
    in -current, so that the package will be upgraded when the user
    upgrades to a new version (current or new stable).


---------------------------------------------------------------------

24. Handling git repositories

---------------------------------------------------------------------


24.1. Introduction

--------------

This document is for developers who want to publish a git repository
on the Frugalware FTP Server and on the Frugalware Gitweb Interface.


24.2. Name of the repository

--------------

The name of the official repositories are frugalware-current,
frugalware-stable and so on.

The name of WIP repositories are typically in a featureNUM form, like
kde45 or parted2, referring to the name of the software it contains
and its version. This method is used so that the repository name can
be a valid shell variable as well.

Please note that there is a convention that WIP repository names
never contain a hyphen (-). This is on purpose. It’s not trivial to
decide that when you merge code from one repository to another then
build servers should try to build automatically the new packages you
brought in or not. Because of this the policy is that if a hyphen is
in the name, the it’ll build the new packages (WIP → -current merge),
but it won’t do so when you merge the other way around.


24.3. Location of the repository

--------------

Since a repository consists of plain files, we can and should place
them on the ftp server (/home/ftp). To prevent further problems,
always use the server name "git.frugalware.org", currently it’s an
alias of genesis.frugalware.org.

First decide if it’s a personal repository or a team one. For example
if you create a repository to update to a newer python version, then
you will probably do all the work, create it under /pub/other/people/
nick/reponame. Simply create a dir, issue git init and push at least
one commit to there (but before pushing, enable the hooks, see
below).

Now anyone can git clone it, using a full mirror, for example ftp://
ftp12.frugalware.org/mirrors/ftp.frugalware.org/pub/.


24.4. Registering for the gitweb interface

--------------

If the repository is a team one, then create it under /pub/other. In
this case you probably want the gitweb interface, too. To use it:

 1. Update the file .git/description inside the repo with a short
    (less than 80 chars) description.
 2. Create the file .git/owner inside the repo containing your name, 
    without your email address.
 3. Push a relative symlink to the homepage-ng repository, see the
    existing ones as a reference.

After some time (a maximum of 30 minutes) it should appear at http://
git.frugalware.org/.


24.5. Enabling hooks for your repository

--------------

Currently you need hooks for the following reasons: . If you don’t
use bare repositories, then the content outside .git won’t be updated
automatically, you need a hook to do so.

 1. If you want CIA notification.
 2. If you want to send mails to the Frugalware-git mailing list.
 3. If you want to let others clone your repository via dumb
    protocols like http or rsync. (This means that if you disable
    this hook, it won’t be accessible anonymously!)

For the last one:

mv .git/hooks/post-update{.sample,}
echo "unset GIT_DIR; cd ..; git checkout -f" > .git/hooks/post-receive
chmod +x .git/hooks/post-receive

For the others:

ln -sf /home/ftp/pub/other/git-hooks/git-hooks.py .git/hooks/post-receive

One thing that a hook won’t do for you is to allow pushing to the
master branch, even if it’s the checked out one. This is normally not
good, but our hook will handle this, so we can ignore the problem:

git config receive.denyCurrentBranch ignore


24.6. Setting up server configuration for a WIP repo

--------------

When you run repoman, it invokes repoman server on the remote machine
using ssh. repoman server, just like plain repoman, reads
configuration from /etc/repoman.conf and $HOME/.repoman.conf, so you
need to set up the later before you can push packages to your WIP
repo.

Here is a minimal example:

fst_root=/home/nick/git
repos=('current' 'mywiprepo')

And then you have to symlink the repos to $HOME/git, for example:

cd $HOME/git
ln -s /pub/frugalware/frugalware-current current
ln -s /pub/other/people/nick/nicktesting/ nicktesting


24.7. Enabling syncpkgd support for a WIP repo

--------------

If you create a new WIP repo, syncpkgd won’t sync packages in it by
default.

This means that if you just push your commits, no attempt will be
made to build the relevant binary package automatically for you,
which is the case for the -current / -stable repos.

If you want syncpkgd support, then you need to edit 3 configuration
files on the server which runs syncpkgd (that’s typically not your
local machine and not the one that runs syncpkgcd).

Edit syncpkgd’s repoman config by extending the repos array and
adding the foo_servers, foo_sudo and foo_bases variables:

vi ~syncpkgd/.repoman.conf

Add a pacman-g2 configuration file:

vi ~syncpkgd/.pacman-g2/repos/foo

The contents will be something like this:

[foo]
Server = http://ftp.frugalware.org/pub/other/people/nick/foo/frugalware-@CARCH@

Note

Don’t replace @CARCH@ with anything else, syncpkgcd will do so later!

Finally edit the git hook and add foo to the end of the repos array:

vi /pub/other/git-hooks/synchook/config.py

If you no longer need these entries, you can remove them, but leave
at least one there as an example.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

25. GNOME Bump HOWTO

---------------------------------------------------------------------

You MUST follow this HOWTO when bumping GNOME to a new version (even
a minor version).

To start, packages must be compiled in the order listed below (if you
find a change that needs to be made to this list, poke Bouleetbil).
If it is a major bump (2.14 to 2.16, for example), it is wise to
rebuild most of the GNOME packages.


25.1. GNOME compile order

--------------

  * libxml2
  * libxslt
  * gnome-common
  * intltool
  * rarian
  * gtk-doc
  * glib
  * libIDL
  * ORBit2
  * libbonobo
  * fontconfig
  * Render
  * Xrender
  * cairo
  * cairomm
  * Xft
  * pango
  * atk
  * shared-mime-info
  * gtk*
  * gtk+2-engines
  * gtkmm
  * gconf
  * desktop-file-utils
  * gnome-mime-data
  * avahi
  * avahi-glib
  * dbus
  * hal
  * gamin
  * dbus-glib
  * libgnome-keyring
  * gnome-keyring
  * libproxy
  * libsoup
  * gvfs
  * gnome-vfs
  * audiofile
  * esd
  * libgnome
  * libart_lgpl
  * libglade
  * libgnomecanvas
  * libbonoboui
  * hicolor-icon-theme
  * icon-naming-utils
  * gnome-icon-theme
  * libgnomeui
  * startup-notification
  * gnome-themes
  * gnome-doc-utils
  * gnome-desktop
  * libwnck
  * libgpg-error
  * libgcrypt
  * libtasn1
  * opencdk
  * gnutls
  * firefox
  * libgweather
  * evolution-data-server
  * pygobject (*)
  * pycairo
  * pygtk (*)
  * gnome-menus
  * librsvg
  * libcanberra-gtk
  * gnome-panel
  * zenity
  * metacity
  * gstreamer
  * liboil
  * libxklavier
  * libgnomekbd
  * libcroco
  * eel
  * gst-plugins-base
  * gnome-settings-daemon
  * nautilus
  * control-center
  * gnome-session
  * vte
  * gnome-terminal
  * libgtop
  * gucharmap
  * gnome-applets
  * libgsf
  * libgnomecups
  * libgnomeprint
  * libgnomeprintui
  * yelp
  * bug-buddy
  * gtksourceview
  * pygtksourceview
  * pyorbit (*)
  * gnome-python (*)
  * iso-codes
  * totem-pl-parser
  * totem
  * brasero
  * gnome-media
  * eog
  * poppler
  * evince
  * gedit
  * gnome-python-desktop
  * alacarte
  * nautilus-cd-burner
  * gst-plugins-good
  * libmusicbrainz
  * gconf-editor
  * gnome-utils
  * gnome-system-monitor
  * gnome-netstatus
  * gcalctool
  * at-spi
  * libgail-gnome
  * gnome-speech
  * gnome-mag
  * gnopernicus (missing from repo)
  * gok (missing from repo)
  * epiphany
  * epiphany-extensions
  * gob2
  * gnome-games
  * gnome-user-docs
  * file-roller
  * gnome-nettool
  * vino
  * vinagre
  * gnome-volume-manager
  * gnome-backgrounds
  * sound-juicer
  * gtkhtml
  * gal
  * pilot-link (if needed, not a gnome part)
  * gnome-pilot
  * gnome-pilot-conduits
  * gnome-spell
  * evolution
  * evolution-webcal
  * evolution-exchange
  * gdm
  * ptlib
  * opal
  * ekiga
  * dasher
  * gnome-power-manager
  * gnome-keyring-manager
  * deskbar-applet
  * fast-user-switch-applet
  * gnome-screensaver
  * pessulus
  * sabayon
  * gnome-cups-manager
  * system-tools-backends
  * liboobs
  * cheese
  * gnome-system-tools
  * mousetweaks
  * seahorse
  * gnome-sharp
  * gnome-desktop-sharp
  * empathy
  * hamster-applet
  * nautilus-sendto

(*) - don’t use Fsplit on this package.

Note

all *sharp and all bindings need to be split


25.2. Bumping individual packages

--------------

Never, I repeat, NEVER bump a version without doing the following:

 1. Download the new version’s tarball and extract it
 2. Run ./configure --help and look in configure.in to check for new
    dependencies (even optional ones) and consider whether to use
    them or not. Consult all devels about whether it is a good idea
    to use the optional dependencies.
 3. Check for dependencies that are no longer needed and remove them
    from the FrugalBuild
 4. Check GConf schemas. Sometimes they have been renamed, or new
    ones have been added. Not doing this can cause a lot of problems.
 5. Check the Changelog and NEWS file for the package. Sometimes
    there may be API/ABI changes that need to be considered before
    bumping.
 6. Check if \_F_gnome_{scrollkeeper,mime,desktop} are needed in the
    new version.
 7. When all this has been done, update the FrugalBuild with new
    sha1sums, pkgver, depends, GConf schemas and \_F_gnome_* values
    (add gnome-scriptlet to Finclude if necessary)
 8. Build the package and push.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

26. KDE Bump HOWTO

---------------------------------------------------------------------


26.1. KDE4

--------------

You MUST follow this HOWTO when bumping KDE4 to a new version (even a
minor version).

First, update KDE4 version (_F_kde_ver) in source/include/
kde-version.sh. Commit this (git commit kde.sh). From kde-4.7.0 we
store all the sha1sums in source/include/kde-version.sh so don’t
forget to update that as well (you can use this to fetch the
sha1sums).

Next, packages must be compiled in the order listed below (if you
find a change that needs to be made to this list, poke the kde m8r).
You can generally find the sha1sums in the kde website (somewhere
like http://kde.org/info/KdeVersion.php). If it is a major bump (i.e.
4.6 to 4.7) it is wise to check the updated build instructions on the
Kde website, and work in a kde testing repo first.

KDE4 compile order

  * kdelibs (1)
  * kdepimlibs (1)

      + kfilemetadata
      + baloo
      + baloo-widgets
      + nepomuk-core
      + nepomuk-widgets
      + kactivities
  * kdebase (1)
  * kdebase-runtime (1)
  * kde-base-artwork
  * kdebase-workspace (1)
  * konsole
  * kdebase-workspace-wallpapers (-extra)
  * svgpart (-extra)
  * kdenetwork (virtual package)

      + kdenetwork-filesharing
      + kdenetwork-strigi-analyzers
      + zeroconf-ioslave
      + kget
      + kopete
      + kppp
      + krdc
      + krfb
  * kdegraphics (-extra) (virtual package)

      + kruler
      + kolourpaint
      + libkipi
      + libkexiv2
      + libkdcraw
      + libksane
      + mobipocket
      + gwenview
      + kcolorchooser
      + kamera
      + okular
      + ksaneplugin
      + kdegraphics-thumbnailers
      + kdegraphics-strigi-analyzer
      + kgamma
      + ksnapshot
  * libkcddb
  * libkcompactdisc
  * kdemultimedia
  * libkomparediff2 (-extra)
  * kdesdk (-extra)
  * kdewebdev (-extra)

      + analitza (-extra)
      + libkdeedu (-extra)
      + kqtquickcharts (-extra)
  * kdeedu (-extra)

      + pykde4 (-extra)
  * kate (-extra)
  * kdebindings (-extra) (virtual package) (2)

      + smokegen
      + smokeqt
      + smokekde
      + perlqt
      + perlkde
      + qtruby
      + korundum
      + kross-interpreters
      + qyoto
      + kimono
  * kdeutils
  * kdeadmin (-extra)
  * kdeplasma-addons (-extra)
  * kdeaccessibility (-extra)
  * kdeartwork (-extra)
  * kdetoys (-extra)

      + amor
      + kteatime
      + ktux
  * libkdegames (-extra)
  * libkmahjongg (-extra)

      + kdegames (-extra)
  * kdepim-runtime
  * kdepim (-extra)
  * kde-l10n (3)
  * oxygen-icons (4)

(1) = these 5 packages MUST be built first, and in THIS order.

(-extra) = kde-extra packages. Some are needed as makedepends for
other packages.

(2) = packages split from kdebinding must be built with THIS order.

(3) kde-l10n is usually built last.

(4) oxygen-icons can be updated at anytime.


26.2. KDE5

--------------

KDE5 is splitted into Frameworks (KF5), Plasma and applications. Up
to now only KF5 has been packaged, plasma is next.

26.2.1. KF5

As for kde4, update frameworks version in source/include/
kde-version.sh (_F_kdever_frameworks). Sha1sums are stored in the
same file so don’t forget to update them as well. Packages must be
compiled in the order listed below (if you find a change that needs
to be made to this list, poke the kde m8r). You can generally find
the sha1sums in the kde website (somewhere like http://kde.org/info/
kde-frameworks-KF5Version.php).

KF5 compile order

  * extra-cmake-modules
  * attica-qt5
  * networkmanager-qt
  * kitemmodels
  * kitemviews
  * kplotting
  * threadweaver
  * kcodecs
  * kguiaddons
  * kidletime
  * kwidgetsaddons
  * sonnet
  * kconfig
  * kwindowsystem
  * solid
  * kcoreaddons
  * kcrash
  * kdbusaddons
  * ki18n
  * kglobalaccel
  * karchive
  * kdoctools
  * kjs
  * kimageformats
  * kauth
  * kjobwidgets
  * kcompletion
  * kdnssd
  * kconfigwidgets
  * kservice
  * kiconthemes
  * knotifications
  * kwallet5
  * kpty
  * kpackage
  * kemoticons
  * kdesu
  * ktextwidgets
  * kxmlgui
  * kbookmarks
  * kcmutils
  * kio
  * kparts
  * kdewebkit
  * kdesignerplugin
  * knewstuff
  * kdeclarative
  * kpeople
  * kxmlrpcclient
  * kinit
  * kded
  * knotifyconfig
  * kunitconversion
  * kjsembed
  * kross
  * kmediaplayer
  * ktexteditor
  * kapidox
  * frameworkintegration
  * kdelibs4support
  * khtml
  * kactivities5
  * plasma-framework
  * krunner5


---------------------------------------------------------------------

27. Frugalware Release HOWTO

---------------------------------------------------------------------


27.1. Introduction

--------------

The aim of this howto is to show what’s the procedure of a stable
Frugalware release. The to-be-created release in this howto is 2.0,
the previous release is 1.9.


27.2. A testing release

--------------

A testing release is similar to a full one, but much simpler. Here
are the steps:

  * bump the frugalware package: update the Makefile in
    frugalware.git, upload a new release tarball, and update the
    package in -current
  * rebuild the setup package, update the version of the frugalware
    package dependency to the new version
  * wait for the nightly cronjob to publish setup kernel+initrd under
    /pub/frugalware/frugalware-current/boot
  * now you can generate a netinstall iso using mkiso for a single
    architecture you can test and upload the image to /pub/frugalware
    /frugalware-current-iso
  * do a default install and make sure the machine boots up and you
    can log in using the graphical interface (if not, then fix it)
  * run dg tag <version> for the new version and push, using:

git push
git push --tags

  * sync changes from -current to -testing:

$ rsync -avP --delete-after frugalware-current/ frugalware-testing/

  * generate installer images for a single architecture using
    mkisorelease
  * wait at least 24h so that mirrors will be in sync
  * update news.xml and roadmap.xml to mark the release as done


27.3. Preparing

--------------

  * send a mail to -devel about "please stop version and release
    bumps"
  * check if the artwork has been updated completely. see this mail
    from Nadfoka on what items should be checked
  * ask someone to update the screenshots
  * sync the archs, checkpkgs shouldn’t have any red pkg in it’s
    output
  * run gensync to rebuild the fdbs
  * generate isos and test if everything is ok (ie. install from
    cd1-cd2 on i686, and start kde, or something)
  * check if the upgrade from 1.9→2.0 works or not, probably a simple
    -Syu is not enough, then write a howto
  * tag the release using git tag


27.4. Creating the stable tree

--------------

Copy the full tree on genesis:

$ cd /home/ftp/pub/frugalware
$ cp -av frugalware-current frugalware-2.0


27.5. Updating the -current tree

--------------

Now one has two trees. All what one should do in -current is to
regenerate ChangeLog.txt (copy & paste the command from tools/
genpkgdbs).


27.6. Updating the -stable tree

--------------

  * run tools/mkpkglst for each arch
  * update VERSION in docs/Makefile, and rebuild the manual
  * update \.git/description
  * run genpkgs to regenerate the ChangeLog.txt to start from the 1.9
    tag to the 2.0 tag
  * rename the frugalware-current fdbs to rigel:

for i in frugalware-*; do cd $i; mv frugalware-current.fdb rigel.fdb; cd ..; done

  * tweak the syncpkgd config, so that the rigel repo will be
    recognized as a non-current-based WIP repo
  * search for ugly in genesis:/pub/other/git-hooks/synchook/
    synchook.py and make it reply 2.0 with rigel as well.
  * you must place a copy of the new repo file in each build server’s
    /etc/pacman-g2/repos directory or else it will not work.
  * update pacman-{g2,-tools} and fwsetup so that -stable will be the
    default on -Syu / repoman upd / in the installer, not
    -current — and git push these changes (see previous stable
    release if you need an example!)
  * once all archs are ready with the "default to -stable" builds,
    rename rigel fdbs to frugalware:

for i in frugalware-*; do cd $i; mv rigel.fdb frugalware.fdb; cd ..; done

  * upload the fdbs to the mysql db using fpm2db, just run all2db.sh
    from the /tools dir
  * update the frugalware-stable and frugalware-stable-iso symlinks

ln -sfn frugalware-2.0     frugalware-stable
ln -sfn frugalware-2.0-iso frugalware-stable-iso

  * create a new chroot tarball for each arch


27.7. Testing

--------------

  * generate isos, test all of them (net,cd,dvd for each arch)
  * create an usb stick installer tarball for each arch
  * create an tftp boot image for each arch
  * create a gui installer image for each arch


27.8. Announcement

--------------

  * put the isos online and wait at least 24h so that the mirrors
    will be in sync at release time
  * create torrents for the isos and make sure at least one machine
    seeds them
  * add the new version to the bts
  * write an announcement, put it out to somewhere and ask Alex or
    LGee to spellcheck it
  * push it to the homepage-ng repo
  * mark the release as "done" in /frugalware/xml/roadmap.xml
    (homepage-ng repo) and add the proper newsid value
  * update the topic of #frugalware
  * update the freecode.com entry


27.9. For the next release

--------------

  * find a codename
  * update roadmap.xml

Done!


---------------------------------------------------------------------

28. Artwork requirements

---------------------------------------------------------------------


28.1. Introduction

--------------

This document details the requirements that must be met by all
artwork if it is to be accepted into the official Frugalware gallery.


28.2. The rules

--------------

  * All artwork must be licensed under the Free Art License 1.3 (full
    details).
  * Where the Frugalware logo appears, only the officially approved
    logo may be used. Refer here for the logo.

Note

There is a newer SVG version available here.

  * Artwork must be submitted in either SVG or XCF (The Gimp) format
    as this allows for derivative works to be made without affecting
    the impact of the original artwork. Examples of derivative works
    include wallpapers in various sizes and height/width ratios, and/
    or KDM/GDM/SLiM themes. To suit the varying sizes and ratios of
    monitors, any wallpaper must be a minimum 1600 pixels wide and
    provided in both 4:3 and 16:9 ratios.
  * All artwork must be submitted together with any associated source
    files - i.e. files which are required by the graphics editor used
    by the entrant to reproduce and/or edit the artwork.
  * Only FLOSS software may be used to create the wallpaper.
  * Neither the release’s version number, nor code-name are to appear
    in artwork, or there should be a version without them for later
    use when a given release is no longer supported.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

29. Table of user / group ids used in Frugalware

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Table 1. Users and groups that are added with a specific uid/gid

+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|ID |User                  |Package     |Group                  |Package     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|000|root                  |shadow      |root                   |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|001|bin                   |shadow      |bin                    |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|002|daemon                |shadow      |daemon                 |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|003|adm                   |shadow      |sys                    |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|004|lp                    |shadow      |adm                    |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|005|sync                  |shadow      |tty                    |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|006|shutdown              |shadow      |disk                   |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|007|halt                  |shadow      |lp                     |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|008|mail                  |shadow      |mem                    |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|009|news                  |shadow      |kmem                   |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|010|uucp                  |shadow      |wheel                  |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|011|operator              |shadow      |floppy                 |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|012|syncpkgd              |pacman-tools|mail                   |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|013|                      |            |news                   |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|014|ftp                   |shadow      |uucp                   |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|015|                      |            |man                    |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|016|                      |            |cdrom                  |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|017|                      |            |scanner                |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|018|privoxy               |privoxy     |privoxy                |privoxy     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|019|fst                   |pacman      |audio                  |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|020|nx                    |freenx      |games                  |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|021|                      |            |slocate                |slocate     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|022|                      |            |utmp                   |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|023|                      |            |camera                 |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|024|                      |            |video                  |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|025|smmsp                 |shadow      |smmsp                  |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|026|clamav                |clamav      |clamav                 |clamav      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|027|mysql                 |shadow      |mysql                  |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|028|rsyncd                |rsync       |rsyncd                 |rsync       |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|029|_ntp                  |openntpd    |_ntp                   |openntpd    |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|030|                      |            |storage                |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|031|pgdb                  |postgresql  |pgdb                   |postgresql  |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|032|rpc                   |shadow      |rpc                    |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|033|sshd                  |shadow      |sshd                   |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|034|scponly               |scponly     |scponly                |scponly     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|035|                      |            |sbox                   |scratchbox  |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|036|                      |            |rlocate                |rlocate     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|037|                      |            |netdev                 |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|038|messagebus            |dbus        |messagebus             |dbus        |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|039|hald                  |hal         |hald                   |hal         |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|040|amavis                |amavisd-new |amavis                 |amavisd-new |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|041|ejabberd              |ejabberd    |ejabberd               |ejabberd    |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|042|gdm                   |shadow      |gdm                    |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|043|                      |            |shadow                 |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|044|beagleindex           |beagle      |beagleindex            |beagle      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|045|partimag              |partimage   |partimag               |partimage   |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|046|sabayon               |sabayon     |sabayon                |sabayon     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|047|munin                 |munin and   |munin                  |munin and   |
|   |                      |munin-node  |                       |munin-node  |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|048|                      |            |ccache                 |ccache      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|049|openldap              |openldap    |openldap               |openldap    |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|050|                      |            |ftp                    |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|051|                      |            |telnetd                |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|052|                      |            |tape                   |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|053|                      |            |dialout                |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|054|prosody               |prosody     |prosody                |prosody     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|055|                      |            |lock                   |systemd     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|056|gitosis               |gitosis     |gitosis                |gitosis     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|057|                      |            |systemd-journal        |systemd     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|058|systemd-jounal-gateway|systemd     |systemd-journal-gateway|systemd     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|059|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|060|                      |            |grsec_procview         |kernel-grsec|
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|061|                      |            |grsec_audit            |kernel-grsec|
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|062|                      |            |grsec_tpe              |kernel-grsec|
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|063|                      |            |grsec_s_all            |kernel-grsec|
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|064|                      |            |grsec_s_client         |kernel-grsec|
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|065|                      |            |grsec_s_server         |kernel-grsec|
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|066|mediatomb             |mediatomb   |mediatomb              |mediatomb   |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|067|polkituser            |policykit   |polkituser             |policykit   |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|068|usbmuxd               |usbmuxd     |usbmuxd                |usbmuxd     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|069|couchdb               |couchdb     |couchdb                |couchdb     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|070|man                   |man         |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|071|colord                |colord      |colord                 |colord      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|072|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|073|postfix               |postfix     |postfix                |postfix     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|074|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|075|                      |            |postdrop               |postfix     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|076|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|077|dspam                 |dspam       |dspam                  |dspam       |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|078|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|079|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|080|mailman               |mailman     |mailman                |mailman     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|081|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|082|exim                  |exim        |exim                   |exim        |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|083|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|084|avahi                 |avahi       |avahi                  |avahi       |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|085|firebird              |firebird    |firebird               |firebird    |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|086|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|087|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|088|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|089|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|090|pop                   |shadow      |pop                    |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|091|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|092|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|093|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|094|rtkit                 |rtkit       |rtkit                  |rtkit       |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|095|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|096|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|097|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|098|                      |            |nobody                 |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|099|nobody                |shadow      |nogroups               |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|100|                      |            |users                  |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|101|                      |shadow      |console                |shadow      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|102|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|103|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|104|distccd               |distcc      |distccd                |distcc      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|105|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|106|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|107|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|108|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|109|postgrey              |postgrey    |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|110|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|111|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|112|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|113|logcheck              |logcheck    |logcheck               |logcheck    |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|114|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|115|firebird              |firebird    |firebord               |firebird    |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|116|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|117|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|118|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|119|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|120|                      |            |systemd                |input       |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|121|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|122|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|123|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|124|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|125|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|126|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|127|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|128|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|129|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|130|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|131|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|132|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|133|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|134|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|135|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|136|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|137|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|138|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|139|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|140|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|141|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|142|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|143|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|144|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|145|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|146|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|147|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|148|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|149|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|150|quagga                |quagga      |quagga                 |quagga      |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|151|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|152|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|153|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|154|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|155|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|156|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|157|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|158|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|159|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|160|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|161|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|162|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|163|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|164|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|165|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|166|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|167|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|168|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|169|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|170|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|171|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|172|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|173|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|174|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|175|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|176|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|177|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|178|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|179|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|180|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|181|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|182|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|183|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|184|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|185|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|186|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|187|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|188|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|189|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|190|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|191|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|192|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|193|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|194|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|195|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|196|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|197|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|198|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|199|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|200|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|201|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|202|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|203|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|204|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|205|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|206|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|207|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|208|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|209|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|210|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|211|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|212|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|213|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|214|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|215|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|216|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|217|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|218|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|219|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|220|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|221|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|222|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|223|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|224|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|225|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|226|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|227|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|228|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|229|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|230|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|231|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|232|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|233|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|234|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|235|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|236|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|237|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|238|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|239|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|240|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|241|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|242|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|243|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|244|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|245|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|246|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|247|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|248|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|249|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|250|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|251|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|252|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|253|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|254|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|255|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|256|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|257|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|258|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|259|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|260|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|261|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|262|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|263|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|264|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|265|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|266|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|267|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|268|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|269|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|270|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|271|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|272|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|273|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|274|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|275|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|276|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|277|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|278|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|279|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|280|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|281|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|282|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|283|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|284|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|285|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|286|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|287|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|288|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|289|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|290|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|291|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|292|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|293|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|294|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|295|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|296|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|297|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|298|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|299|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|300|                      |            |jupiter                |jupiter     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|301|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|302|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|303|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|304|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|305|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|306|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|307|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|308|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|309|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|310|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|311|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|312|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|313|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|314|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|315|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|316|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|317|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|318|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|319|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|320|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|321|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|322|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|323|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|324|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|325|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|326|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|327|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|328|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|329|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|330|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|331|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|332|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|333|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|334|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|335|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|336|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|337|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|338|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|339|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|340|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|341|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|342|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|343|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|344|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|345|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|346|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|347|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|348|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|349|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|350|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|351|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|352|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|353|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|354|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|355|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|356|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|358|                      |            |                       |            |
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|359|                      |            |                       |            |
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|422|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|423|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|425|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
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|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|427|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|428|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|429|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|430|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|431|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|432|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|433|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|434|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|435|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|436|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|437|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|438|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|439|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|440|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|441|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|442|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|443|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|444|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|445|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|446|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|447|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|448|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|449|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|450|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|451|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|452|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|453|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|454|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|455|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|456|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|457|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|458|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|459|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|460|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|461|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|462|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|463|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|464|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|465|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|466|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|467|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|468|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|469|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|470|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|471|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|472|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|473|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|474|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|475|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|476|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|477|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|478|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|479|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|480|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|481|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|482|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|483|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|484|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|485|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|486|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|487|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|488|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|489|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|490|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|491|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|492|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|493|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|494|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|495|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|496|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|497|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|498|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|499|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|500|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|501|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|502|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|503|bitlbee               |bitlbee     |bitlbee                |bitlbee     |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|504|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|505|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|506|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|507|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|508|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|509|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|510|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|511|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|512|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|513|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|514|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|515|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|516|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|517|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|518|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|519|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|520|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|521|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|522|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|523|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|524|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|525|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|526|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|527|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|528|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|529|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|530|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|531|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|532|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|533|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|534|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|535|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|536|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|537|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|538|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|539|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|540|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|541|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|542|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|543|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|544|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|545|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|546|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|547|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|548|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|549|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|550|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|551|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|552|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|553|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|554|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|555|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|556|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|557|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|558|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|559|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|560|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|561|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|562|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|563|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|564|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|565|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|566|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|567|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|568|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|569|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|570|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|571|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|572|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|573|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|574|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|575|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|576|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|577|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|578|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|579|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|580|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|581|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|582|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|583|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|584|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|585|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|586|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|587|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|588|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|589|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|590|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|591|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|592|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|593|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|594|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|595|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|596|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|597|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|598|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|599|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|600|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|601|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|602|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|603|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|604|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|605|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|606|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|607|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|608|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|609|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|610|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|611|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|612|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|613|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|614|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|615|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|616|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|617|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|618|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|619|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|620|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|621|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|622|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|623|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|624|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|625|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|626|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|627|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|628|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|629|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|630|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|631|pulse                 |pulseaudio  |pulse                  |pulseaudio  |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|632|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|633|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|634|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|635|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|636|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|637|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|638|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|639|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|640|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|641|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|642|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|643|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|644|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|645|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|646|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|647|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|648|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|649|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|650|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|651|sddm                  |sddm        |sddm                   |sddm        |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|652|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|653|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|654|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|655|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|656|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|657|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|658|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|659|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|660|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|661|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|662|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|663|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|664|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|665|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|666|                      |virtualbox  |vboxusers              |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|667|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|668|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|669|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|670|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|671|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|672|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|673|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|674|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|675|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|676|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|677|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|678|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|679|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|680|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|681|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|682|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|683|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|684|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|685|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|686|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|687|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|688|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|689|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|690|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|691|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|692|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|693|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|694|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|695|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|696|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|697|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|698|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|699|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|700|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|701|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|702|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|703|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|704|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|705|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|706|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|707|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|708|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|709|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|710|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|711|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|712|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|713|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|714|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|715|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|716|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|717|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|718|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|719|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|720|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|721|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|722|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|723|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|724|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|725|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|726|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|727|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|728|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|729|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|730|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|731|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|732|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|733|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|734|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|735|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|736|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|737|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|738|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|739|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|740|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|741|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|742|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|743|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|744|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|745|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|746|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|747|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|748|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|749|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|750|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|751|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|752|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|753|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|754|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|755|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|756|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|757|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|758|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|759|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|760|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|761|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|762|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|763|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|764|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|765|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|766|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|767|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|768|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|769|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|770|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|771|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|772|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|773|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|774|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|775|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|776|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|777|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|778|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|779|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|780|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|781|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|782|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|783|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|784|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|785|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|786|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|787|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|788|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|789|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|790|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|791|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|792|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|793|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|794|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|795|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|796|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|797|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|798|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|799|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|800|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|801|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|802|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|803|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|804|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|805|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|806|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|807|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|808|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|809|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|810|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|811|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|812|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|813|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|814|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|815|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|816|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|817|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|818|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|819|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|820|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|821|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|822|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|823|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|824|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|825|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|826|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|827|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|828|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|829|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|830|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|831|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|832|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|833|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|834|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|835|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|836|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|837|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|838|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|839|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|840|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|841|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|842|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|843|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|844|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|845|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|846|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|847|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|848|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|849|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|850|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|851|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|852|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|853|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|854|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|855|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|856|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|857|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|858|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|859|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|860|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|861|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|862|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|863|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|864|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|865|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|866|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|867|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|868|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|869|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|870|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|871|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|872|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|873|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|874|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|875|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|876|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|877|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|878|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|879|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|880|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|881|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|882|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|883|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|884|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|885|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|886|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|887|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|888|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|889|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|890|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|891|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|892|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|893|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|894|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|895|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|896|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|897|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|898|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|899|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|900|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|901|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|902|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|903|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|904|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|905|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|906|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|907|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|908|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|909|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|910|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|911|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|912|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|913|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|914|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|915|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|916|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|917|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|918|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|919|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|920|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|921|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|922|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|923|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|924|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|925|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|926|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|927|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|928|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|929|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|930|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|931|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|932|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|933|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|934|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|935|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|936|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|937|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|938|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|939|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|940|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|941|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|942|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|943|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|944|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|945|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|946|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|947|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|948|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|949|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|950|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|951|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|952|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|953|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|954|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|955|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|956|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|957|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|958|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|959|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|960|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|961|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|962|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|963|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|964|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|965|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|966|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|967|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|968|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|969|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|970|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|971|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|972|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|973|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|974|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|975|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|976|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|977|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|978|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|979|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|980|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|981|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|982|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|983|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|984|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|985|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|986|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|987|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|988|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|989|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|990|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|991|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|992|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|993|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|994|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|995|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|996|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|997|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|998|                      |            |                       |            |
|---+----------------------+------------+-----------------------+------------|
|999|                      |            |                       |            |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------+


---------------------------------------------------------------------

30. List of packages needs to be rebuilt after the given bumped

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Note

In general, if you want to see the list of missing rebuilds, run ./
checkabi from the tools directory (provided that on the machine in
question the SQL db is filled with ABI info).


30.1. kernel

--------------

For current:

revdep-rebuild 276

If you want syncpkgd to do the job:

revdep-rebuild 276 --nobuild --nopush

Note

Please use this only on minor (ie. 2.6.22.1 → 2.6.22.2) bumps, on a
major bump many packages need fixing manually.

For solaria:

revdep-rebuild 41222 -t stable --nobuild --nopush


30.2. mysql

--------------

Only in case sover increases, for example if you update to 5.5.10:

git grep 'depends.*libmysqlclient>='|grep -v 5.5.10


30.3. libgda

--------------

(maybe need rebuild)

  * gnumeric
  * libgnomedb


30.4. db

--------------

(only on major bumps, ie. 4.2.x → 4.3.x)

$ git grep "'db>="

about 28 packages at the moment.


30.5. gnutls

--------------

  * bitlbee (.so)
  * claws-mail
  * filezilla
  * kildclient
  * lftp
  * libpurple (pidgin)
  * libsoup ( NOTE: first libsoup bump then all the other gnome |
    gtk* apps )

      + bug-buddy
      + evolution-data-server
      + rhythmbox
      + seahorse
      + swfdec
      + vino
  * liferea
  * msmtp
  * net6
  * python-gnutls
  * weechat
  * wireshark (.so)


30.6. dbus

--------------

  * hal
  * evince
  * gnome-utils
  * gnome-media
  * gnome-volume-manager
  * nautilus-cd-burner
  * ivman
  * k3b
  * pmount
  * kdebase
  * xfce4-terminal
  * liferea
  * bmpx
  * bluez-libs


30.7. dbus-mono

--------------

  * banshee
  * tomboy
  * f-spot
  * galago-sharp


30.8. neon

--------------

  * subversion
  * rpm
  * openoffice.org
  * gst-plugins-bad
  * fusedav


30.9. binutils

--------------

  * amule


30.10. libtasn1

--------------

  * gnutls
  * evolution (need to figure out which part depends on libtasn1 …)
  * lftp
  * libsoup
  * loudmouth


30.11. gstreamer

--------------

(only if is an upgrade for example, from 0.8 to 0.10, or 0.10 to
0.12, etc)

  * amarok
  * banshee
  * rhythmbox
  * totem
  * gnome-applets
  * gnome-control-center
  * and probably a lot of gnome too


30.12. gtk+2

--------------

(only need for special version bumps. Example 2.8 → 2.10 we need bump
these packs because /usr/lib/gtk+-2.0/1.X.X directory changed. BTW
not at all bumps. Ex.: 2.6→2.8)

  * gtk+2-engines
  * librsvg
  * libgnomeui
  * gtk-xfce-engines
  * kde-theme-qtcurve


30.13. libcdio

--------------

  * sound-juicer


30.14. vte

--------------

  * gnome-terminal
  * xfce4-terminal
  * gtk2-sharp
  * anjuta
  * tilda
  * grip
  * awn-extras-applets
  * guake
  * mlview
  * roxterm
  * ruby-gnome2
  * gnome-desktop-sharp
  * cairo-dock-plugins
  * geany
  * sakura
  * sjterm
  * termit
  * nemiver
  * lxterminal


30.15. firefox

--------------

To rebuild packages for a new version, bump the up2date in source/
include/firefox-i18n.sh, then:

cd source/locale-extra/
for i in $(ls -d firefox-*|egrep -v 'spell|dict')
do
        cd $i
        bumppkg && repoman rec "- version bump"
        cd - >/dev/null
done


30.16. xulrunner

--------------

  * galeon
  * epiphany
  * devhelp
  * yelp


30.17. wireless_tools

--------------

  * kdenetwork


30.18. parted

--------------

To rebuild packages for parted-1.8.8:

revdep-rebuild 429 --other --sed "s|'parted[^']*'|'parted>=1.8.8'|"


30.19. libpqxx

--------------

  * kpogre
  * asterisk-addons
  * asterisk
  * koffice


30.20. openobex

--------------

  * kdebluetooth


30.21. bluez-libs

--------------

  * bluez-utils
  * kdebluetooth
  * libbtctl
  * gnome-bluetooth
  * bluez-pin


30.22. gail

--------------

(.so version bump)

  * eel
  * gtkhtml


30.23. imagemagick

--------------

  * dvdauthor


30.24. evolution-data-server

--------------

  * ekiga
  * evolution


30.25. x264

--------------

  * mplayer
  * avidemux
  * ffmpeg

      + libquicktime
      + baresip
      + mpv
      + vlc


30.26. ocaml

--------------

  * facile


30.27. openbox

--------------

  * obconf


30.28. pilot-link

--------------

  * gnome-pilot
  * gnome-pilot-conduits
  * libmal
  * kdepim
  * evolution
  * sylpheed-claws


30.29. php

--------------

  * eaccelerator


30.30. libevent

--------------

(on sover change)

  * tor
  * nfs-utils
  * trickle


30.31. exiv2

--------------

  * gwenview
  * libkexiv2
  * digikam
  * kipi-plugins
  * kphotoalbum


30.32. icu4c

--------------

  * boost
  * libtorrent-rasterbar
  * texlive
  * tin
  * webkit


30.33. c-ares

--------------

  * aria2
  * php
  * bzflag
  * xine-ui
  * sword


30.34. libofx

--------------

  * homebank


30.35. directfb

--------------

  * gst-plugins-bad
  * splashy


30.36. sword

--------------

  * bibletime


30.37. gpm

--------------

  * fpc
  * joe
  * vim
  * pycrypto
  * jed
  * xemacs
  * fte
  * links
  * elinks
  * aumix
  * aalib


30.38. libtorrent-rasterbar

--------------

  * qbittorrent
  * flush
  * springlobby


30.39. ghc

--------------

  * haskell-bytestring-show
  * haskell-mmap
  * haskell-primitive
  * haskell-agum
  * haskell-hunit
  * haskell-zlib
  * haskell-html
  * haskell-dataenc
  * haskell-syb
  * haskell-tar
  * haskell-parallel
  * haskell-text
  * haskell-utf8-string
  * haskell-random
  * haskell-mtl
  * haskell-dlist
  * haskell-extensible-exceptions
  * haskell-data-default-class
  * haskell-hashed-storage
  * haskell-tf-random
  * haskell-quickcheck
  * haskell-regex-base
  * haskell-regex-posix
  * haskell-regex-compat
  * haskell-parsec
  * haskell-network
  * haskell-hslogger
  * haskell-http
  * haskell-vector
  * haskell-data-default-instances-dlist
  * haskell-data-default-instances-containers
  * haskell-data-default-instances-old-locale
  * haskell-data-default-instances-base
  * haskell-data-default
  * haskell-x11
  * xmonad
  * xmonad-contrib


---------------------------------------------------------------------

31. Creating translations for init scripts

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Marcus Habermehl <bmh1980de@yahoo.de>


31.1. Preparing the source

--------------

To make a script translatable you must first add these two lines to
the rc script.

TEXTDOMAIN=my_service
TEXTDOMAINDIR=/lib/initscripts/messages

To mark a string as translatable in bash you must prefix the string
with $.

echo $"This is a translatable string."


31.2. Creating the pot file

--------------

After this you must create the pot file.

$ bash --dump-po-strings rc.my_service | xgettext -L PO -o rc.my_service.pot -


31.3. Creating a po file

--------------

In the next step you create the po file.

$ msginit -l hu_HU

Now you can edit the po file with any editor.


31.4. Creating the mo files

--------------

To create and install the mo files, you must add the po files to the
source() array and use the Frcd2 macro in build().


---------------------------------------------------------------------

32. Frugalware Asciidoc quickstart

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Since 0.6 Frugalware, all documentation is written in Asciidoc which
means we have to write README.Frugalware files in Asciidoc syntax.
Here are some basic Asciidoc features and some things you should and
should not do a README.Frugalware.


32.1. Features

--------------

You can use *bold*, _italic_ and also `monospaced` fonts.

You can also ‘`quote’' if you want to do so.

When you want to add something to the

 ------------
 # root command line
 $ user command line
 > keyboard input
 ------------

that’s no problem at all.

Maybe you want bulleted items:

 .Items
 * item 1
 * item 2
 * here is number 3

And you can also create lists:

1. First
+
It's indented, belongs to first.
+
And this paragraph is also indented.

2. Second
+
This is inside the second point.
+
2.1. Foo
+
2.2. Bar
+
a. Baz

3. Third

End of list.

Some extras:

NOTE: You can also place notes.

TIP: It's a tip

WARNING: Warning.

IMPORTANT: This is important

CAUTION: Cave canem!


32.2. Restrictions

--------------

You must not underline titles with = or -. You might use ~, and ^ for
subchapters. If you want one line titles place 3 or 4 = before the
title and a space.


32.3. Skeleton for README.Frugalwares

--------------

Your titles should look similar to this:

 === First chapter

 --------------
 # pacman-g2 -Syu
 --------------

 === Second one

 `\_F_foobar`

 ==== This is a subchapter...

 ...and its contents.

or

 First chapter
 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~

 --------------
 # pacman-g2 -Syu
 --------------

 Second one
 ~~~~~~~~~~

 `\_F_foobar`

 This is a subchapter...
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

 ...and its contents.


32.4. Skeleton for standalone documentation

--------------

You might ask then: okay, but how do I start? Here is a really simple
example:

 = Title
 Author Name <foo@frugalware.org>

 == First chapter

 --------------
 pacman-g2 -Syu
 --------------

 == Second one

 `\_F_foobar`

And you can generate the HTML using

asciidoc -a toc -a numbered skel.txt

The documentation should be placed under the /docs dir in the FST.
Please add a link to it in index.txt and in index-user.txt or
index-devel.txt depending on the type of the documentation.


32.5. Buiding it on your own machine

--------------

Install the tools necessary to build the documentation (if you
haven’t already done so):

# pacman-g2 -S make asciidoc po4a

Get the necessary source code and translations:

$ mkdir ~/git
$ cd ~/git
$ git clone http://frugalware.org/git/pub/frugalware/frugalware-current current
$ git clone http://frugalware.org/git/pub/other/translations
$ cd current/docs

Generate additional documentation and update the po files from the
translations repository:

$ make packages.txt user.txt po

Generate the localized documentation source from the po files:

$ po4a -k 0 po4a.cfg

Generate HTML from the source:

$ cd hu
$ asciidoc -a toc -a numbered -a sectids network.txt

Now you can look at the result of your translation in a web browser.

If you have already done this, and you updated the translation, you
need to:

$ cd ~/git/translations
$ git pull --rebase
$ cd ~/git/current/docs
$ rm -rf po
$ make po
$ po4a -k 0 po4a.cfg
$ cd hu
$ asciidoc -a toc -a numbered -a sectids network.txt

and now you should be able to see your updated translation in the
updated HTML.


32.6. Adding a new project to Pootle

--------------

Well, this happens rarely, and so is not well documented, but here is
what is needed:

  * autogen.sh should support importing po files from the
    translations repository and should have a --pot-only switch.
    gnetconfig is a good example.
  * The pot file should be updated daily. Add the project’s
    autogen.sh to -current’s /tools/genpkgdbs.
  * Run the above command manually once.
  * Add the pot file to pootle-update in the pacman-tools repository.
  * Run pootle-update manually once.
  * Log in to Pootle with administrator rights and create a new
    project.
  * Add the necessary new languages on the web interface.
  * Translate a few strings for one language and commit.
  * Pull the translations repository locally and verify that you get
    the expected results.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

33. Frequently Asked Developer Questions

---------------------------------------------------------------------


33.1. What is the recommended way to version bump a package if I
don’t have git push access?

--------------

 a. Update the FrugalBuild.
 b. Optional: update the patches/docs/etc.
 c. Compile the package.
 d. Upload the new .fpm to incoming.
 e. repoman rec, git format-patch and git send-email the fixes.
    (Don’t forget to set your git identity!)


33.2. makepkg ends up with <packagename>: /usr/info/dir: exists in
filesystem

--------------

Instead of

make DESTDIR=$startdir/pkg install

you should write

Fmakeinstall

in your FrugalBuild.


33.3. I can’t pacman-g2 -Su <package>, it says local version is
newer, but I know it isn’t!

--------------

This is a bug in the package’s version numbering, so please report
this in the Bug Tracker System. Since pacman-g2 checks the version
numbers (installed vs. repo version), the new package’s version must
be bigger than the old one to upgrade flawlessly.


33.4. What does 5.55 SBU mean?

--------------

It took 5.55 times longer for the maintainer to compile this package
than binutils. So if you want to know how long it will take to
compile a package with 5.55 SBU, you should first compile binutils
(makepkg helps you, as it writes how many seconds elapsed). Then you
should multiply it by 5.55 to know how many seconds it will take to
compile the package.


33.5. Why do maintainers cry about my new package’s tarball?

--------------

Let’s have a look at the filelist of eaccelerator’s tarball:

$ tar -tf eaccelerator-0.9.3-1.tar.bz2
eaccelerator/
eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.3.zip
eaccelerator/FrugalBuild
eaccelerator/README.Frugalware
eaccelerator/eaccelerator-0.9.3-1-i686.fpm

You have to name the tarball as <pkgname>-<pkgver>-<pkgrel>.tar.bz2
(or gz), which should only contain a <pkgname> directory at the root
level, and all the files needed to create the fpm in it. It is the
easiest way for the maintainers to work with your tarball when adding
your package to the repo.


33.6. What should and shouldn’t I include in depends(), rodepends()
and makedepends()?

--------------

You should include only what chkdep -p recommends, and avoid trivial
makedepends, including:

  * auto*
  * make
  * gcc
  * kernel-headers
  * libtool
  * glibc

Don’t forget: every depends is a makedepends as well!

The rodepends() array should only contain packages really needed for
running the given application.


33.7. What are the various dependancy-control arrays for?

--------------

  * depends should contain any packages that this one depends on at
    compile and run time as well.
  * makedepends is for packages that this one needs to compile.
  * rodepends is for run time only dependencies; eg. a wordlist
    package (with no executables) needs a program which can handle it
    as a dictionary.
  * provides is an alternate name for the package. Main use is for
    more packages which do the same; eg. hunspell-en and hunspell-de
    both provide hunspell-dict, and hunspell depends on hunspell-dict
    instead of any specific language. (Sometimes those packages are
    conflicting, like postfix provides and conflicts with mta, and
    exim too - this way there can be only one MTA on the system,
    without the need to know other MTAs' name.)

Be careful with dependency-cycles: while pacman-g2 can handle them,
makepkg can not.


33.8. How can I have PHP to work with my newly packaged eaccelerator/
anything extension?

--------------

Since package A should not tamper with package B’s config files,you
should write a README.Frugalware, describing how to enable/use the
extension, include it in source() and Fdoc README.Frugalware.


33.9. How can I cross-compile (package) an architecture-independent
(non-binary) program?

--------------

You should modify carch and chost in /etc/makepkg.conf and build the
package again.


33.10. repoman upd can’t create /var/fst/ as it already exists

--------------

Su - to root and

cd /var/fst && mv * frugalware-current


33.11. How can I access the central FW repo (mirrors are too slow for
me)?

--------------

git clone http://git.frugalware.org/repos/frugalware-current

If you are a developer and cloning over SSH makes more sense to you:

git clone git.frugalware.org:/pub/frugalware/frugalware-current

This creates a new local repo for you, which is a copy of the central
repo. To update it, run

git pull --rebase

in it. That’s all to have a read-only copy; if you want to git
send-email patches, then you should read the Git docs to set up your
name, email, etc.


33.12. What should I write as patch name and long comment at repoman
rec?

--------------

Patch name should be the same as the fpm (but without .fpm, of
course); and long comment should only contain what you have done to
create that patch (eg. "added i686 to archs()").


33.13. Where should I place my comments about a package?

--------------

You mean README.Frugalware. It should be in source() and then at the
end of the build() you should use:

Fdoc README.Frugalware

It is automatically included if you use empty build() or Fbuild.


33.14. I want to work with the latest development version of pacman&
co.! How?

--------------

$ git clone http://git.frugalware.org/repos/pacman-tools
$ cd pacman-tools
$ make dist

You will have a brand new .tar.gz. Give it to pacman-tools'
FrugalBuild, correct the checksum, create a new pacman-tools package
(makepkg -fucH helps) and install it. That’s all (and if you don’t
understand this, read it again, and if it’s still not clear, then
wait for pacman-tools' normal upgrade since you don’t need this
really)…


33.15. Naming locale packages

--------------

What is the order of a new package’s locales? How should I name them?

Have a look at hunspell There is a hunspell package, which depends on
hunspell-dict. There is no package named hunspell-dict, but it is
provided by the locale packages. The most important ones are -en (==
en_US), -hu (==hu_HU), -de (==de_DE), -fr (==fr_FR), -it (==it_IT),
-es (==es_ES) and -sk (==sk_SK). Here are others: -en_US, -de_CH,
-es_MX.

The -xx packages will be installed by the non-CD based (ie. netinst,
DVD) installers.


33.16. Error handling

--------------

You are responsible for checking if a command used in build() fails.
The best is to use the F* macros where possible since they handle the
errors for you. If you need custom commands, it’s recommended to
append || return 1 to every line, so that build() will stop if an
error occurs.


33.17. Permissions

--------------

If text files (header files, documentation) are executable, feel free
to fix their permission. A bigger problem is the permission of the
shared libraries. They must be executable, please fix their
permission if necessary. As always, it’s recommended to create a
patch to fix the problem and send it to the upstream project.


33.18. Stripping

--------------

Stripping binaries is unnecessary and pointless. Unless you use
options=(\'nostrip\') in the FrugalBuild, it’s done by makepkg
automatically.


33.19. When should I use $Fsrcdir and $Fdestdir

--------------

Most F* macros will prepend/append those variables for you, but if
you use custom commands, then you always have to use them.


33.20. When should I increment a package’s release number?

--------------

  * If your change affects only the FrugalBuild (like an up2date fix)
    then you should not, just push your change.
  * If your change affects the fdb or the fpm (change in build(),
    depends() fix, etc) you should do so.


33.21. How do I repair a corrupted package database?

--------------

Restore a backup from the /pub/other/fdb-snapshot directory, and
check its version (the .version file in the tarball).

Then run:

$ for i in `git log --pretty=oneline 94a41e0..|sed 's/^[^ ]* \([^ ]*\).*/\1/'\
        |sed 's/-[^-]*-[^-]*-[^-]*$//'`; do ls ../source/*/$i &>/dev/null \
        || continue; updatesync upd frugalware-current.fdb \
        ../source/*/$i/FrugalBuild; done


---------------------------------------------------------------------

34. Frugalware Source Tree Testsuite

---------------------------------------------------------------------


34.1. Introduction

--------------

The testsuite is a set of several simple unit tests. Most of the
tests were written when a typo was been found, so that we hope next
time it’ll be detected automatically. When a problem was found, a
test was created and the test failed. After the problem was fixed the
test passed. The statistics section contains special tests: we are
aware that they do not pass, but their actual output is interesting
for us. The output of the testsuite is sent to the frugalware-devel@
mailing list daily.

Since the tests in the testsuite section should pass, if one fails it
is expected to be fixed within a day, especially if your name is
listed next to a line.

You can find the tests under the /t directory of FST, the statistics
are under /t/s.


34.2. Rules

--------------

Basically there are 3 simple rules for these tests:

  * If the first argument is --help, they should print a short (less
    than 80 chars) description. This will be displayed if the test
    fails as sometimes the name of the test may not be descriptive
    enough.
  * The tests are called in a ./testname form, without any argument.
    This allows you to use various interpreted programming languages
    (python, bash, etc.).
  * If the test passes, there should be no output. This means that
    there may be a -v or --verbose option to generate output even if
    the test passes, that’s not a problem. If the test fails there
    must be some output. For example if there are problematic
    packages, then it’s recommended to list each package in a
    separate line with their path under FST.


34.3. Technical details

--------------

Given that all the files in the fdb and fpm files are owned by root,
if you want to operate on them, then you need to use fakeroot. The
testsuite wrapper won’t do this for you. A common practice is to
write a generic python script that operates on the fdb, then create a
shell wrapper for each arch, which will call the python script via
fakeroot.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

35. Translations

---------------------------------------------------------------------


35.1. Introduction

--------------

Localization is important for every user who doesn’t speak English
fluently. If your native language is not English, then you can help
us by translating a few sentences to your native language. If you
would like to help, the following steps are necessary:

  * Visit the web interface and register.
  * Select your language (ie. if you would like to contribute French
    translation, select French). If your language is not listed, then
    ask for addition on our developer mailing list.
  * Select what projects you would like to translate. It’s good to
    start with some smaller project like the homepage or the setup.
    If the given project has no .po file for your language, contact
    us.
  * Now you can begin translating, but your changes won’t hit the
    master repo, you need additional permissions to commit from the
    sandbox. Ask us for commit access.

A few tips if you’re new to pootle:

  * By default you can edit the whole translation, but usually you
    would like to see only the untranslated and fuzzy strings. You
    can search for them by clicking on "Show editing functions" then
    selecting "Quick translate".
  * You can commit a po file by clicking on "Show editing functions"
    then selecting "Commit".
  * You can search for fuzzy translations by clicking on "Show
    editing functions", selecting "Show checks" and then the
    "isfuzzy" check.


35.2. Rules

--------------

There are not many, at the moment.

  * Please don’t translate the == NAME and == SYNOPSIS strings in the
    manpages, docbook does it already and asciidoc fails to create
    the manpage if it’s already translated.
  * The first translator for a language (this can be changed if
    requested) receives all rights for a given project, except:
    Suggest, Overwrite, Assign, Administrate.


35.3. Goals

--------------

When we created the current mechanism of handling translations, we
had the following goals:

  * When we modify source code or documentation, the translators
    should be able to begin the necessary (if any) translations
    without any manual action.
  * It would be be nice to overview the localization status of a
    language.
  * It should be easy to maintain the translation (ie. doing a manual
    sync for big documents is rather problematic).
  * Translators are not developers, write access to the translations
    should not require any other access right.
  * It should be possible for anyone to translate, but only given
    users should be able to push changes.


35.4. Overview

--------------

Now let’s see how all this is possible. We’ll take our asciidoc
documentation as an example.

First, we need to extract the translatable strings from the sources.
This is an important step since this way a document is split into
paragraphs and you can then later translate even a single paragraph
rather then choosing between translating a 10-page-length document
entirely or not. We use po4a for this purpose. It creates a template,
named docs.pot, which is transferred daily to the translation server.

(For source codes we usually use the intltool-update utility to
extract translatable strings.)

Right after the transfer, the po localization files are updated using
msgmerge from the gettext package: this way the translators do not
have to re-translate the strings which are already done.

On that machine, we use a web interface for the translation. This has
several advantages:

  * The translators can register and begin their work without any
    confirmation from our developer team.
  * Those accounts are - of course - not real unix accounts but just
    virtual ones.
  * We can give commit access for users by specifying their project
    and language. So everybody can make translations but only users
    we know can push the changes.
  * Collaboration for people who do not know what a patch or a
    version control system is now should not be a big problem. This
    is important since for example the whole documentation is one big
    file per language.

Once a user with enough privileges pushes the translation to our git
version control system, we can use it. The documentation is built
daily and we pull the new translations from the dedicated repo before
each build.

The output of the English build is available here. If it contains any
error or warning, the testsuite will let us know by including them in
the daily testsuite mail, sent to the developer mailing list. The log
of the localization builds is available here.

There we use po4a again to reconstruct the original (now in some
language other than English) document from the translated strings.

For source code we pull the translations right before creating a
release tarball so. This has the following benefits:

  * We ship the latest translations
  * Once the tarball is ready, users who would like to compile the
    source code should not fetch the translations manually.

The proof of concept for this mechanism is our French documentation
which is more than 80 pages length and includes zero percent of
manual editing by the developers (while till now we had to push the
submitted - by email and other undocumented channels - translated
documents manually, hoping that the newer version is better than the
old was).


---------------------------------------------------------------------

36. How to port Frugalware to a new architecture

---------------------------------------------------------------------


36.1. Introduction

--------------

This document is a draft about how to port Frugalware to a new
architecture.


36.2. Toolchain

--------------

  * Install any existing distro to the given architecture. No matter
    what kind of it, but make sure you install the normal development
    tools like header files, gcc, make, etc.
  * Compile from source (based on the FrugalBuilds) our development
    tools like pacman-g2, pacman-tools (+ deps: libarchive, etc if
    they are not available.)
  * Build a minimal toolchain: binutils, gcc, glibc (in this order)
    outside chroot, with dep checking disabled (makepkg -dHcu).
  * Build packages which are necessary to build in chroot: see the
    COREPKGS variable in /etc/makepkg.conf (same makepkg switches).

Given that repoman won’t allow you to upload which are not built in
chroot, here is a simple script to upload and register then till you
don’t have a chroot:

#!/bin/sh
scp *.fpm genesis:git/current/frugalware-NEWARCH
pkgname=$(pwd|sed 's|.*/||')
ssh genesis "cd git/current/frugalware-NEWARCH; arch=NEWARCH updatesync upd frugalware-current.fdb ../source/*/$pkgname/FrugalBuild"

Replace genesis with the server name and git/current with an other
path if you don’t have such a symlink in your HOME.

Now you can start building in chroot and uploading real packages.

Note

Yes, this means that you have to build the toolchain twice. Also
known as bootstrapping.


36.3. Base system

--------------

You should start porting with packages from the base category, once
you are done with it, you should be able to install (manually) a
bootable system, after manually configuring a boot manager.


36.4. The rest

--------------

That depends on your needs, you can port additional packages as well.


---------------------------------------------------------------------

37. GNU Free Documentation License

---------------------------------------------------------------------

Version 1.2, November 2002

Copyright (C) 2000,2001,2002  Free Software Foundation, Inc.
51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA  02110-1301  USA
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.


37.1. PREAMBLE

--------------

The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
functional and useful document "free" in the sense of freedom: to
assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
with or without modifying it, either commercially or noncommercially.
Secondarily, this License preserves for the author and publisher a
way to get credit for their work, while not being considered
responsible for modifications made by others.

This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that derivative
works of the document must themselves be free in the same sense. It
complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
license designed for free software.

We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for free
software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.


37.2. APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS

--------------

This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium, that
contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it can be
distributed under the terms of this License. Such a notice grants a
world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in duration, to use that
work under the conditions stated herein. The "Document", below,
refers to any such manual or work. Any member of the public is a
licensee, and is addressed as "you". You accept the license if you
copy, modify or distribute the work in a way requiring permission
under copyright law.

A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing the
Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or with
modifications and/or translated into another language.

A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter section
of the Document that deals exclusively with the relationship of the
publishers or authors of the Document to the Document’s overall
subject (or to related matters) and contains nothing that could fall
directly within that overall subject. (Thus, if the Document is in
part a textbook of mathematics, a Secondary Section may not explain
any mathematics.) The relationship could be a matter of historical
connection with the subject or with related matters, or of legal,
commercial, philosophical, ethical or political position regarding
them.

The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose titles
are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections, in the notice
that says that the Document is released under this License. If a
section does not fit the above definition of Secondary then it is not
allowed to be designated as Invariant. The Document may contain zero
Invariant Sections. If the Document does not identify any Invariant
Sections then there are none.

The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says
that the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text
may be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25
words.

A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable copy,
represented in a format whose specification is available to the
general public, that is suitable for revising the document
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed
of pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely
available drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text
formatters or for automatic translation to a variety of formats
suitable for input to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise
Transparent file format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been
arranged to thwart or discourage subsequent modification by readers
is not Transparent. An image format is not Transparent if used for
any substantial amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is
called "Opaque".

Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format, SGML
or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming simple
HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification. Examples of
transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG. Opaque formats
include proprietary formats that can be read and edited only by
proprietary word processors, SGML or XML for which the DTD and/or
processing tools are not generally available, and the
machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF produced by some word
processors for output purposes only.

The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
material this License requires to appear in the title page. For works
in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title Page"
means the text near the most prominent appearance of the work’s
title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.

A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses
following text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ
stands for a specific section name mentioned below, such as
"Acknowledgements", "Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To
"Preserve the Title" of such a section when you modify the Document
means that it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this
definition.

The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
which states that this License applies to the Document. These
Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference in
this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties: any other
implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may have is void and has
no effect on the meaning of this License.


37.3. VERBATIM COPYING

--------------

You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no
other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not use
technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.

You may also lend copies, under the same conditions stated above, and
you may publicly display copies.


37.4. COPYING IN QUANTITY

--------------

If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly have
printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100, and the
Document’s license notice requires Cover Texts, you must enclose the
copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly, all these Cover
Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and Back-Cover Texts on
the back cover. Both covers must also clearly and legibly identify
you as the publisher of these copies. The front cover must present
the full title with all words of the title equally prominent and
visible. You may add other material on the covers in addition.
Copying with changes limited to the covers, as long as they preserve
the title of the Document and satisfy these conditions, can be
treated as verbatim copying in other respects.

If the required texts for either cover are too voluminous to fit
legibly, you should put the first ones listed (as many as fit
reasonably) on the actual cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent
pages.

If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document numbering
more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable Transparent
copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with each Opaque
copy a computer-network location from which the general network-using
public has access to download using public-standard network protocols
a complete Transparent copy of the Document, free of added material.
If you use the latter option, you must take reasonably prudent steps,
when you begin distribution of Opaque copies in quantity, to ensure
that this Transparent copy will remain thus accessible at the stated
location until at least one year after the last time you distribute
an Opaque copy (directly or through your agents or retailers) of that
edition to the public.

It is requested, but not required, that you contact the authors of
the Document well before redistributing any large number of copies,
to give them a chance to provide you with an updated version of the
Document.


37.5. MODIFICATIONS

--------------

You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:

 A. Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title
    distinct from that of the Document, and from those of previous
    versions (which should, if there were any, be listed in the
    History section of the Document). You may use the same title as a
    previous version if the original publisher of that version gives
    permission.
 B. List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
    entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the
    Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal
    authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has
    fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
 C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the Modified
    Version, as the publisher.
 D. Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
 E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
    adjacent to the other copyright notices.
 F. Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license
    notice giving the public permission to use the Modified Version
    under the terms of this License, in the form shown in the
    Addendum below.
 G. Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
    Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document’s license
    notice.
 H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
 I. Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and
    add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors,
    and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title Page.
    If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document, create
    one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher of the
    Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item describing
    the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
 J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document for
    public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and likewise
    the network locations given in the Document for previous versions
    it was based on. These may be placed in the "History" section.
    You may omit a network location for a work that was published at
    least four years before the Document itself, or if the original
    publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
 K. For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
    Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
    all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
    acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
 L. Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered in
    their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the equivalent
    are not considered part of the section titles.
 M. Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a section may
    not be included in the Modified Version.
 N. Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
    or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
 O. Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.

If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or
all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles to
the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version’s license
notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.

You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided it contains
nothing but endorsements of your Modified Version by various
parties—for example, statements of peer review or that the text has
been approved by an organization as the authoritative definition of a
standard.

You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text, and
a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of the
list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage of
Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.

The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this License
give permission to use their names for publicity for or to assert or
imply endorsement of any Modified Version.


37.6. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

--------------

You may combine the Document with other documents released under this
License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified, and
list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.

The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name but
different contents, make the title of each such section unique by
adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique
number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list of
Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.

In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled "History"
in the various original documents, forming one section Entitled
"History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled "Acknowledgements",
and any sections Entitled "Dedications". You must delete all sections
Entitled "Endorsements."


37.7. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

--------------

You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
documents released under this License, and replace the individual
copies of this License in the various documents with a single copy
that is included in the collection, provided that you follow the
rules of this License for verbatim copying of each of the documents
in all other respects.

You may extract a single document from such a collection, and
distribute it individually under this License, provided you insert a
copy of this License into the extracted document, and follow this
License in all other respects regarding verbatim copying of that
document.


37.8. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

--------------

A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other separate
and independent documents or works, in or on a volume of a storage or
distribution medium, is called an "aggregate" if the copyright
resulting from the compilation is not used to limit the legal rights
of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit.
When the Document is included in an aggregate, this License does not
apply to the other works in the aggregate which are not themselves
derivative works of the Document.

If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to these
copies of the Document, then if the Document is less than one half of
the entire aggregate, the Document’s Cover Texts may be placed on
covers that bracket the Document within the aggregate, or the
electronic equivalent of covers if the Document is in electronic
form. Otherwise they must appear on printed covers that bracket the
whole aggregate.


37.9. TRANSLATION

--------------

Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section 4.
Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
include the original English version of this License and the original
versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement
between the translation and the original version of this License or a
notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.

If a section in the Document is Entitled "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", or "History", the requirement (section 4) to Preserve
its Title (section 1) will typically require changing the actual
title.


37.10. TERMINATION

--------------

You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided for under this License. Any other
attempt to copy, modify, sublicense or distribute the Document is
void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this
License. However, parties who have received copies, or rights, from
you under this License will not have their licenses terminated so
long as such parties remain in full compliance.


37.11. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

--------------

The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised versions of the
GNU Free Documentation License from time to time. Such new versions
will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in
detail to address new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/
copyleft/.

Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version
or of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by
the Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a
version number of this License, you may choose any version ever
published (not as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation.

