From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Mon Sep  2 02:40:23 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue #352
Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2002 09:41:21 +0300
Message-ID: <0C1353ABB1DEB74DB067ADFF749C4EEFD38EF3@esebe004.ntc.nokia.com>
Thread-Topic: [AAA-WG]: Issue #352
Thread-Index: AcJHlLbE5VNLI7d0RWiMo0cZtQs2pgKtaSTw
From: <john.loughney@nokia.com>
To: <mccap@lucent.com>, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Cc: <mankin@psg.com>, <randy@psg.com>
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Hi Pete,

I agree with you.  I think that a first-come, first-serve approach
to the Application ID's would be the best way to go.  However, as
a fall back, your proposal of text is something I could live with.

Bernard / Randy / Allison: could you give proper guidence on how
Application IDs should be administered?  This needs to be solved 
ASAP!

As a quick refresher, the Application ID identifies which application
is using Diamter and is used as a way to ensure that both ends
of the session understand and speak the same AAA.

br,
John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Pete McCann [mailto:mccap@lucent.com]
> Sent: 19 August, 2002 18:26
> To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue #352
> 
> 
> 
> Hi,
> 
> I wanted to make sure everyone is reading the IANA Considerations
> section of draft-12.
> 
> I think the current text is not quite correct with respect to the new
> experimental Application ID space.  Because these IDs can appear by
> themselves in a Diameter header, they really need to be centrally
> administered, rather than for Private Use as stated in Section 11.3.
> While I would personally favor First Come First Served for this space,
> I don't think we could realistically expect the IESG to go along.  How
> about Designated Expert Review as the assignment policy?
> 
> This would work as follows.  First, the existing text from 11.3:
> 
> > 11.3  Application Identifiers
> >
> >    As defined in section 2.4, the Application Identifier is used to
> >    identify a specific Diameter Application. There are 
> standards-track
> >    application ids and vendor specific application ids.
> > 
> >    IANA [IANA] will assign the range 0x00000001 to 0x00ffffff for
> >    standards-track applications; and 0xff00000000 - 0xfffffffe for
> >    vendor specific applications.
> > 
> >    Both Application-Id and Acct-Application-Id AVPs use the same
> >    Application Identifier space.
> > 
> >    Vendor-Specific Application Identifiers, encoded in the Vendor-
> >    Specific-Application-Id Grouped AVP, with the Vendor-Id 
> AVP set to
> >    the vendor's enterprise number, is for Private Use.
> >
> >    Note that the Diameter protocol is not intended to be 
> extended for
> >    any purpose. Any applications defined MUST ensure that they fit
> >    within the existing framework, and that no changes to the base
> >    protocol are required.
> 
> I propose to strike the last two paragraphs above, and add instead:
> 
> >  Vendor-Specific Application Identifiers, encoded in the Vendor-
> >  Specific-Application-Id Grouped AVP with the Vendor-Id AVP set to
> >  the vendor's enterprise number, and appearing in the Diameter
> >  header, will be assigned by IANA after review by a Designated
> >  Expert.  The Expert will ensure that the requested application fits
> >  within the existing Diameter framework, does not require changes to
> >  the base protocol, and does not cause interoperability problems
> >  with any existing Diameter application before approving the
> >  assignment.
> 
> I hope this sort of wording would satisfy all the interested parties;
> it does not allow for completely uncontrolled creation of Diameter
> applications, but I think the Designated Expert Review process is the
> least onerous to follow.  The language should address all of the IESG
> concerns regarding interoperability.
> 
> -Pete
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Mon Sep  2 02:42:35 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Need more specifics on list of AVPs
Date: Mon, 2 Sep 2002 09:43:49 +0300
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Thread-Topic: [AAA-WG]: Need more specifics on list of AVPs
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From: <john.loughney@nokia.com>
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Hi All,

I have seen no comments on this issue.  As it is a request for debugging
purposes - I feel that at this late date, we cannot change the spec
to meet this request.  We need to get Diameter out to IESG for
review.

best regards,
John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Yoshihiro Ohba [mailto:yohba@tari.toshiba.com]
> Sent: 24 August, 2002 00:50
> To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: [AAA-WG]: Need more specifics on list of AVPs
> 
> 
> Need more specifics on list of AVPs
> Submitter name: Yoshihiro Ohba
> Submitter email address: yohba@tari.toshiba.com
> Date first submitted: August 23, 2002
> Document: base
> Comment type: T
> Priority: S
> Section: 4
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> 
> In section 4 it is descibred that:
> 
>    Some AVPs MAY be listed more than once. The effect of such 
> an AVP is
>    specific, and is specified in each case by the AVP description.
> 
> But the specification is not clear on whether each AVP in the list of
> AVPs of the same type can be dispersely located in the message payload
> (e.g, a Host-IP-Address AVP, then an Origin-Realm AVP,
>  and then a Host-IP-Address AVP again) or must be located back to back
>  (e.g, two Host-IP-Address AVPs, and then an Origin-Realm AVP).
> 
> From the debugging point of view, the latter would be prefered since
> it makes easier to find out where AVPs of a specific type are in the
> payload.
> 
> Requested change:
> 
> Each AVP in a list of AVPs of the same type must be located back to
> back in the message payload.
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep  3 03:38:39 2002
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Message-ID: <3D7466C6.8010606@fokus.gmd.de>
Date: Tue, 03 Sep 2002 09:37:42 +0200
From: Sebastian Zander <zander@fokus.gmd.de>
Organization: Fraunhofer FOKUS
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Hi,

I submitted a first candidate draft to the IPFIX eval team. I hope
that some of you Diameter experts have the time to send me some comments so I can
improve the next version.

Cheers,

Sebastian

-------- Ursprüngliche Nachricht --------
Betreff: [ipfix-eval] [Fwd: post draft-zander-ipfix-eval-diameter-00.txt]
Datum: Mon, 02 Sep 2002 19:03:26 +0200
Von: Sebastian Zander <zander@fokus.gmd.de>
Firma: Fraunhofer FOKUS
An: ipfix-eval@net.doit.wisc.edu
CC: ipfix-chairs@net.doit.wisc.edu

Hi,

please find the Diameter evaluation draft attached. The Diameter protocol spec
can be found at http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-aaa-diameter-12.txt.

I will update the diameter eval draft in the next few days to produce a 01 version.

Cheers,

Sebastian

-------- Ursprüngliche Nachricht --------
Betreff: post draft-zander-ipfix-eval-diameter-00.txt
Datum: Mon, 02 Sep 2002 18:59:21 +0200
Von: Sebastian Zander <zander@fokus.gmd.de>
Firma: Fraunhofer FOKUS
An: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org

Hi,

please post the draft attached (draft-zander-ipfix-eval-diameter-00.txt) as internet draft.

Thanx,

Sebastian

-- 
Sebastian Zander                         E-mail: zander@fokus.fhg.de
FhI FOKUS / Global Networking (GloNe)    Tel: +49-30-3463-7287
Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31                Fax: +49-30-3463-8287
D-10589 Berlin, Germany                  www.fokus.fhg.de/usr/sebastian.zander



-- 
Sebastian Zander                         E-mail: zander@fokus.fhg.de
FhI FOKUS / Global Networking (GloNe)    Tel: +49-30-3463-7287
Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31                Fax: +49-30-3463-8287
D-10589 Berlin, Germany                  www.fokus.fhg.de/usr/sebastian.zander



-- 
Sebastian Zander                         E-mail: zander@fokus.fhg.de
FhI FOKUS / Global Networking (GloNe)    Tel: +49-30-3463-7287
Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31                Fax: +49-30-3463-8287
D-10589 Berlin, Germany                  www.fokus.fhg.de/usr/sebastian.zander


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Internet Draft                                          Sebastian Zander
Document: draft-zander-ipfix-diameter-eval-00.txt       Fraunhofer FOKUS
Expires: February 2003

                                                          September 2002

       Evaluation of Diameter Protocol against IPFIX Requirements

               <draft-zander-ipfix-diameter-eval-00.txt>

Status of this Memo

   This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with
   all provisions of Section 10 of [RFC 2026]. Internet-Drafts are
   working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), its
   areas, and its working groups. Note that other groups may also
   distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time. It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   Http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html

   Distribution of this document is unlimited.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2001). All Rights Reserved.


Abstract

   This document provides an evaluation of the applicability of the
   Diameter protocol [DIAMETER] as an IPFIX protocol. It compares the
   properties and capabilities of the Diameter protocol to the IPFIX
   requirements [IPFIX-REQ].










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Table of Contents

   1 Introduction .................................................    2
   1.1 Diameter Standardization ...................................    2
   1.2 Diameter Deployment and Evolution ..........................    3
   2 Architectural Considerations .................................    3
   2.1 Diameter Protocol Overview .................................    4
   2.2 General Applicability ......................................    5
   2.3 Architectural Differences ..................................    5
   3 Item Level Compliance Evaluation .............................    6
   4 Security Considerations ......................................   11
   5 Acknowledgements .............................................   11
   6 References ...................................................   11
   7 Author's Addresses ...........................................   12
   8 Full Copyright Statement .....................................   12


1.  Introduction

   This document provides an evaluation of the applicability of the
   Diameter protocol as an IPFIX protocol. First, the general Diameter
   architecture is introduced and its application to the communication
   between an IPFIX exporting process and an IPFIX collecting process is
   discussed in Section 2. Section 3 discusses in detail, to which
   degree requirements stated in [IPFIX-REQ] are met.

   This document uses the terminology defined in [IPFIX-REQ].

   The Diameter protocol is the successor of the RADIUS protocol and was
   developed to overcome several limitations of RADIUS. The Diameter
   protocol was developed for the purpose of Authentication,
   Authorization and Accounting (AAA) and is standardized by the IETF
   Authentication, Authorization and Accounting Working Group (AAA WG).
   The Diameter base protocol is specified in draft-ietf-aaa-
   diameter-12.txt [DIAMETER]. The Diameter base protocol provides a AAA
   framework.  Specific applications require extensions to the base
   protocol and are called Diameter applications. Currently applications
   are being standardized by the AAA WG for dial-up and mobile IPv4
   services. These specific applications are considered out of scope for
   the purpose of this document. However there are two companion drafts
   to the Diameter base protocol which need to be considered here: the
   strong end-to-end security extension [DIAM_CMS] and the transport
   recommendations for the Diameter base protocol [AAA_TRANS].









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Internet-Draft     IPFIX Diameter Protocol Evaluation     September 2002


1.1.  Diameter Standardization

   The Diameter base protocol has passed Working Group last call after
   thorough review.  The draft will now be reviewed by the IESG and
   afterwards become a Proposed Standard.  The transport recommendations
   draft is very mature while the CMS draft needs more work.

   The Diameter protocol will become an open IETF standard and is not
   protected by any patents. The IETF copyright can be found at the end
   of [DIAMETER] or at the end of this draft.

   Currently there exist approximately 5 implementations from different
   vendors. One of the implementations is even freely available as
   binary [DIA_SUN]. Furthermore an open source project has been started
   to create an open source implementation of the protocol [DIA_OS].


1.2.  Diameter Deployment and Evolution

   The Diameter protocol is already commercially available but not
   widely used yet because it is not standardized. Also most ISPs will
   not switch from RADIUS to Diameter for their dial-up services.
   However if Diameter is used in Release 5 of 3GPP as planned it is
   expected that the protocol will be widely deployed as part of the
   3GPP rollout. A further driver will be ISPs offering mobile IP
   support. Currently a standardized RADIUS AAA solution for mobile IP
   does not exist.

   The further activities of the AAA WG after standardization of
   Diameter base protocol and base applications  are under discussion.
   The most likely scenario (advocates opinion) is that the AAA WG will
   continue to develop more Diameter applications (collaborating with
   other WGs if needed). Also the base protocol will probably be
   developed further in case the demand is there.


2.  Architectural Considerations

   This section introduces the architecture of the Diameter protocol and
   suggests a way of applying it to the communication between an IPFIX
   exporting process and an IPFIX collecting process.

   The Diameter architecture consists of three different entities:
   Diameter clients, Diameter servers and Diameter agents.

   Diameter clients send requests for Authentication and/or
   Authorization to Diameter servers. Diameter clients also send





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Internet-Draft     IPFIX Diameter Protocol Evaluation     September 2002


   accounting information to Diameter servers. Diameter clients are for
   example Network Access Servers (NASs) or foreign and home agents
   (mobile IPv4).

   Diameter servers perform authentication and authorization decisions
   based on Diameter clients requests and return answers to Diameter
   clients. Diameter servers configure accounting of the Diameter
   clients and get accounting information send by them. When Diameter
   servers get messages not destinated to themselves they forward both
   Authentication and Authorization request and accounting data to the
   appropriate servers. Diameter servers may also automatically direct
   the Diameter clients to send accounting information in a particular
   way.

   Four different types of Diameter agents have been identified and are
   described in Section 2.8 of [DIAMETER]. Diameter agents are used for
   a number of purposes: grouping of systems (security associations),
   request concentration, load balancing and value-added processing of
   requests/responses.

   Please note that despite the fact that the terms client and server
   are used the Diameter protocol is not a client server protocol but a
   peer-to-peer protocol. Any Diameter peer can start a messages
   exchange. This will be described in more detail in the next section.


2.1.  Diameter Protocol Overview

   This section only provides a brief overview of the Diameter base
   protocol.  Therefore it is mandatory to read the base protocol draft
   [DIAMETER] before evaluating the protocol.

   The Diameter base protocol is intended to provide an AAA framework
   for applications such as network access or mobile IP [DIAMETER].  is
   a peer-to-peer protocol allowing any peer to start a message
   exchange.

   The Diameter base protocol is never used on its own. It is always
   extended for a particular application e.g. mobile IPv4. The Diameter
   protocol is run on top of TCP [TCP] or SCTP [SCTP] which guarantee a
   reliable and congestion aware transport. Draft [AAA_TRANS] discusses
   the AAA transport issues in detail.

   Diameter has a build-in watchdog algorithm which can pro-actively
   detect transport failures. Also failback and failover procedures have
   been defined (section 5.5.4 [DIAMETER] and [AAA_TRANS]).






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   Diameter supports dynamic peer discovery through different mechanisms
   e.g.  DNS, SLPv2 [SLP] to enable a simpler and more robust
   deployment. Peers can also be configured manually.

   Diameter provides application layer sessions which abstracts from
   transport connections. Diameter messages for multiple sessions are
   multiplexed through a single transport connection.

   Diameter server and agents route messages to their final destination
   based on realms.

   The data model of Diameter is based on Attribute Value Pairs (AVPs).
   Each Diameter message consists of a fixed header and a number of AVPs
   carrying data.  The fixed header contains a 16 bit command code which
   identifies the type of message. A number of data types for AVPs have
   been defined already. AVPs can be grouped into logical structures.
   Diameter can be extended by defining new AVP values, new AVPs and new
   applications (which includes definition of new command codes).

   The Diameter protocol supports capability negotiation between peers.
   This enables a more simpler and robust deployment.

   Diameter supports applications which support Authentication,
   Authorization and Accounting. It also supports applications which
   only make use of accounting (see section 8 [DIAMETER]).

   Diameter uses hop-by-hop security [DIAMETER] and a Diameter extension
   exists which supports end-to-end security [DIAM_CMS] (see security
   considerations for more details).


2.2.  General Applicability

   The Diameter architecture consists of three different entities
   (client, server and agent) while the IPFIX architecture is comprised
   of: observation point, metering process, exporting process and
   collecting process. From the viewpoint of the IPFIX protocol only the
   exporting process and collection process are relevant because these
   are the entities communicating via the IPFIX protocol. However the
   IPFIX protocol must carry data generated by the metering process.

   The process of exporting IP flow information is similar to the
   accounting part of Diameter: The Diameter client sending accounting
   information is simlar to the IPFIX exporting process sending IP flow
   information. The Diameter server receiving accounting information is
   similar to the collecting process receiving IP flow information.
   Diameter Relay and Proxy Agents are similar to an IPFIX proxy (a





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   combination of collecting and exporting process) as described in
   section 9 [IPFIX]. The Diameter Translation Agent is similar to the
   Protocol Converter as described in section 9 [IPFIX]. The metering
   process and observation point are similar to entities co-located with
   the Diameter client which collect the accounting information.

   The IPFIX protocol could be implemented with Diameter similar as a
   new Diameter accounting application can be defined. [DIAMETER]
   explicitly describes how new accounting applications can be defined
   in section 1.2.4.


2.3.  Architectural Differences

   The Diameter architecture has been developed for providing a AAA
   framework while IPFIX is to be developed for exporting IP flow
   information. There are no major differences between both
   architectures. The Diameter architecture is more generic than IPFIX.
   It supports a number of different proxy types and message routing.
   Furthermore the functionality of the first two As is not useful for
   IPFIX. However IPFIX could be viewed as a subset of Diameter similar
   to the Diameter accounting functionality. The Diameter standard
   explicitly supports accounting-only Diameter applications.


3.  Item Level Compliance Evaluation

   This section evaluates the compliance of the Diameter protocol with
   the IPFIX requirements item by item. Requirements are addressed by
   their section numbers and item numbers in [IPFIX-REQ]. For each
   requirement it is explained to what degree protocol Diameter meets
   the requirement and how this is achieved. The degree of compliancy is
   explicitly stated using five grades:

     -T  Total compliance: The requirement is met completely by the
         protocol specification without any extensions required.

     -E  Extension required for total compliance: The protocol is
         prepared to be extended and it is possible to extend it in a
         way that it meets the requirement. This grade is onLY
         applicable to protocols that are explicitly open to externally
         defined extensions, such as SNMP is extended by MIB modules or
         DIAMETER is extended by application modules. It is not
         applicable to protocols, where the protocol specification
         itself needs to be extended in order to comply with the
         requirement.






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     -P  Partial compliance: The requirement is met partially by the
         protocol specification.

     -U  Upcoming compliance: The requirement is not met or met
         partially by the protocol specification, but there is a
         concrete plan for an upcoming version of the protocol.

     -F  Failed compliance: The requirement is not met by the protocol
         specification.


   Requirement 4 (Distinguishing Flows): -E

     The following requirements assumes that Diameter is not only used
     for exporting IP flow information but also for configuration of the
     export.  In case a different protocol is used for the configuration
     these requirements do not apply.

     As Diameter has not been developed for the purpose of IP flow
     export most of the attributes are not yet defined in the existing
     data model. To comply to the IPFIX protocol there are several
     possible options. Either all of the attributes are defined as new
     AVPs from the defined AVP types (and grouped where appropriate)
     (see Section 4.3,4.4 [DIAMETER]). Alternatively the existing
     QoS/IPFilterRule data types can be used and grouped with additional
     AVPs containing the attributes not yet defined in Diameter (see
     Section 4.4 [DIAMETER]). A further option is to extend the
     QoS/IPFilterRule types directly because most of the required
     attributes are covered already.

   Requirement 4.1 (Interfaces): -E

     Incoming interface and outgoing interface can be defined as AVPs.

   Requirement 4.2 (IP Header): -E

     Source IP and destination IP address can be defined as new AVPs.
     Note that Diameter supports both IPv4 and IPv6 addresses. Protocol
     Type and IP version number can be defined as AVPs.

     The existing IPFilterRule data type supports source, destination
     IP, protocol type. It also supports prefix matches of the addresses
     via masks.

   Requirement 4.3 (Transport Header): -T/E

     Source and destination port number can be defined as AVPs. The





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     existing IPFilterRule data type supports ports, list of ports or
     ranges.

   Requirement 4.4 (MPLS): -E

     The MPLs label can be defined as AVP.

   Requirement 4.5 (DSCP): -T/E

     The Diffserv Code Point can be defined AVP. The existing
     QoSFilterRule supports a DSCP attribute.

   Requirement 4.6 (Header Compression): n/a

     This imposes no further requirements on the protocol

   Requirement 5.1 (Reliability): n/a

     This requirement does not apply to the protocol.

   Requirement 5.2 (Sampling): -E

     This requirement is a metering process requirement. However the
     IPFIX protocol must support to export some information about
     sampling configuration.  New (grouped) AVPs can be defined for
     carrying the sampling configuration.

   Requirement 5.3 (Overload Behavior): -E

     This requirement is a metering process requirement. However some
     information must be send via the protocol e.g. to indicate overload
     behavior changes.  New AVPs can be defined to signal changes of
     metering behaviour to the collecting process.

   Requirement 5.4 (Timestamps): -E

     This requirement is a metering process requirement. However a
     candidate protocol must support a proper timestamp format.
     Diameter does only support the Time data type which is UTC time in
     seconds. To meet the requirement a new AVP data type must be
     defined.  Alternatively a Time AVP can be used for the seconds and
     grouped with an additional AVP for the centiseconds.

   Requirement 5.5 (Time Synchronization): n/a

     This requirement does not apply to the protocol.






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   Requirement 5.6 (Flow Expiration): n/a

     This requirement does not apply to the protocol.

   Requirement 5.7 (Multicast Flows): n/a

     This requirement does not apply to the protocol.

   Requirement 5.8 (Ignore Port Copy): n/a

     This requirement does not apply to the protocol.

   Requirement 6.1 (Information Model): -E

     For most of the attributes required there currently exist no
     defined AVPs. But for all attributes listed AVPs can be easily
     derived from the base data types.  Instead of using existing data
     types new data types could be defined.

   Requirement 6.2 (Data Model): -T

     The data model of Diameter is based on the Attribute Value Pair
     (AVP) concept.  An attribute is identified uniquely by a numeric
     AVP code and AVP length.  A number of base types for AVPs have been
     defined in [DIAMETER]. The data model of Diameter is extensible
     because new AVPs and new AVP types can be defined.  Diameter
     supports grouping of AVPs and nesting of grouped AVPs to create
     more complex structure.

     The data model is flexible because each Diameter message only has a
     small fixed size header. After the header arbitrary AVPs (as
     defined for a message) follow.

     The data model is independent of the transport (TCP or SCTP are
     used).

   Requirement 6.3.1 (Congestion Awareness): -T

     Diameter uses TCP or SCTP as transport. Both protocols are
     congestion aware.

   Requirement 6.3.2 (Reliability): -T

     Diameter is an application layer protocol which uses TCP [TCP] or
     SCTP [SCTP] as transport protocols which are both reliable. To
     support application layer reliability the protocol supports
     application layer ACKs and error messages.





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     A watch dog mechanism has been defined to detect transport problems
     and failover and failback procedures have been defined. Diameter
     also supports capability negotiation between peers which assures
     that both peers have the same capabilities.

   Requirement 6.3.3 (Security): -T

     Diameter provides end-to-end as well as hop-by-hop authentication,
     integrity and encryption. Some mechanisms are provided by
     underlying security protocols used such as IPSec or TLS. Since
     [DIAMETER] specifies how to use them this requirement is considered
     to be met by the protocol. Please read the security considerations
     section for more details.

   Requirement 6.3.4 (Push/Pull Mode): -T

     Diameter is a peer to peer protocol. The current Diameter
     accounting model uses the push mode (a Diameter client sends
     accounting information to a Diameter server).  However a Diameter
     application could be defined which supports a pull mode as well.

   Requirement 6.4 (Regular Report Interval): -T

     Diameter can send accounting information in regular intervals.

   Requirement 6.5 (Event Notification): -T

     A Diameter peer can send messages at times of events. The events
     and messages must be defined for the specific application. A
     Diameter configuration message could configure when to send
     specific event messages. Currently the Diameter base protocol sends
     accounting messages at the start and end of a session.

   Requirement 6.6 (Anonymization): n/a

     Diameter does not support anonymization. However anonymization is
     not a protocol specific function and therefore the requirement does
     not apply to the protocol.  A function can be integrated into a
     Diameter peer which anonymizes certain data before it is exported
     in AVPs.

   Requirement 7 (Metering Process Configuration): -E

     These requirements only apply if Diameter is used for configuration
     of the metering process. Since Diameter is not a protocol for
     exporting IP flow information the listed attributes are not
     specified yet. Since the data model is flexible all attributes can





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     be specified as AVPs.

   Requirement 8.1 (Openness): -T

     The Diameter base protocol is open and has an extensibility concept
     specified in the standard. The flexible AVP model allows to support
     any information model. New Diameter applications can be created
     which can define application specific messages and message
     exchange.

   Requirement 8.2 (Scalability): -T

     A Diameter peer is not limited in the number of connections to
     other peers. In Diameter each peer has a unique identifier which
     must be present in each message (Origin-Host AVP). Furthermore
     Diameter uses session IDs to uniquely identify specific sessions.

   Requirement 8.3 (Several Collecting Processes): -T

     Diameter accounting records are usually only send to the home
     server. However there is no limitation in the protocol that
     restricts sending information to only one destination. Diameter
     supports duplicate data detection over multiple receivers because
     each accounting message contains client ID, session ID, timestamp
     and a sequence number in each message.


4.  Security Considerations

   Security considerations for the IPFIX protocol are covered by the
   comparison against the specific Security requirements in the IPFIX
   requirements document [IPFIX-REQ] where they are specifically
   addressed by sections 6.3.3 and 10.

   The Diameter base protocol assumes that messages are secured by using
   either IPSec or TLS. This security model is acceptable in
   environments where there is no untrusted third party agents. The use
   of TLS, IPSEC and considerations of peer-to-peer security issues are
   discussed in the security considerations of [DIAMETER].

   In situations of untrusted third party agents, end-to-end security is
   needed. [DIAM_CMS] describes how a security association is
   established by two peers through agents, and how authentication,
   integrity, confidentiality and data origin authentication are
   achieved using a mixture of symmetric and asymmetric transforms.







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5.  Acknowledgements

   The authors would like to thank Jari Arkko for his valuable comments
   on the first version of the draft.


6.  References

[IPFIX-REQ] J. Quittek et al., "Requirements for IP Flow Information
            Export", draft-ietf-ipfix-reqs-05.txt, work in progress,
            July 2002.

[DIAMETER]  P. Calhoun et al. "Diameter Base Protocol", draft-ietf-aaa-
            diameter-12.txt, work in progress, July 2002.

[AAA_TRANS] B. Aboba at al., "Authentication, Authorization and
            Accounting (AAA) Transport Profile", draft-ietf-aaa-
            transport-07.txt, work in progress, April 2002

[DIAM_CMS]  P. Calhoun et al., "Diameter CMS Security Application",
            draft-ietf-aaa-diameter-cms-sec-04.txt, work in progress,
            March 2002

[TCP]       Postel, J., "Transmission Control Protocol", RFC 793,
            January 1981.

[SCTP]      R. Stewart et al., "Stream Control Transmission Protocol",
            RFC 2960. October 2000.

[SLP]       E. Guttman, C. Perkins, J. Veizades, M. Day. "Service
            Location Protocol, Version 2", RFC 2165, June 1999.

[DIA_SUN]   SUN Diameter implementation,
            http://playground.sun.com/diameter/

[DIA_OS]    Diameter Open Source Project,
            http://sourceforge.net/projects/diameter/















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7.  Author's Addresses

     Sebastian Zander
     Fraunhofer Institute for Open Communication Systems (FOKUS)
     Kaiserin-Augusta-Allee 31
     10589 Berlin
     Germany

     Phone: +49 30 3463 7287
     Email: zander@fokus.fhg.de


8.  Full Copyright Statement

   Copyright (C) The Internet Society (2002). All Rights Reserved.

   This document and translations of it may be copied and furnished to
   others, and derivative works that comment on or otherwise explain it
   or assist in its implementation may be prepared, copied, published
   and distributed, in whole or in part, without restriction of any
   kind, provided that the above copyright notice and this paragraph are
   included on all such copies and derivative works.  However, this
   document itself may not be modified in any way, such as by removing
   the copyright notice or references to the Internet Society or other
   Internet organizations, except as needed for the  purpose of
   developing Internet standards in which case the procedures for
   copyrights defined in the Internet Standards process must be
   followed, or as required to translate it into languages other than
   English.

   The limited permissions granted above are perpetual and will not be
   revoked by the Internet Society or its successors or assigns.

   This document and the information contained herein is provided on an
   "AS IS" basis and THE INTERNET SOCIETY AND THE INTERNET ENGINEERING
   TASK FORCE DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING
   BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY WARRANTY THAT THE USE OF THE INFORMATION
   HEREIN WILL NOT INFRINGE ANY RIGHTS OR ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
   MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.













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--------------080905070209050901080107--




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep  4 08:28:44 2002
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Date: Wed, 04 Sep 2002 15:35:00 +0300
From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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To: john.loughney@nokia.com
Cc: yohba@tari.toshiba.com, aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Need more specifics on list of AVPs
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john.loughney@nokia.com wrote:
> Hi All,
> 
> I have seen no comments on this issue.  As it is a request for debugging
> purposes - I feel that at this late date, we cannot change the spec
> to meet this request.  We need to get Diameter out to IESG for
> review.

I agree with the reject for this issue.

(But this isn't strictly for debugging. Its also an interoperability
issue for the receiver of be able to decode the messages correctly.
Still, if the spec doesn't say which order is allowed then any order
is legal. Implementations should take this into account.)

Jari





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To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
Cc: john.loughney@nokia.com, yohba@tari.toshiba.com, aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Need more specifics on list of AVPs
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On Wed, Sep 04, 2002 at 03:35:00PM +0300, Jari Arkko wrote:
> john.loughney@nokia.com wrote:
> > Hi All,
> > 
> > I have seen no comments on this issue.  As it is a request for debugging
> > purposes - I feel that at this late date, we cannot change the spec
> > to meet this request.  We need to get Diameter out to IESG for
> > review.
> 
> I agree with the reject for this issue.
> 
> (But this isn't strictly for debugging. Its also an interoperability
> issue for the receiver of be able to decode the messages correctly.
> Still, if the spec doesn't say which order is allowed then any order
> is legal. Implementations should take this into account.)
> 
> Jari
> 

OK.  In fact, my current implementation supports the any-order
processing to provide interoperability.

Yoshihiro Ohba


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Sat Sep  7 11:38:12 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: [issue 353] Issues with EAP-00 draft
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Issue 353: Issues with EAP-00 draft
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 7, 2002
Reference:
Document: EAP-00
Comment type: T
Priority: 1
Section: several
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

Page 2, last sentence of the Abstract:

Change "PPP Extensible Authentication Protocol" to "Extensible
Authentication Protocol."

Page 2, section 2, last sentence:

Change "with PAP and CHAP in a roaming PPP environment." to
"with PAP, CHAP or EAP-MD5."

Page 3, Section 2.1, second paragraph, first sentence:

The first approach was described as "typical". That would imply that
additional approaches are non-typical, so that the adjective "preferred"
would not apply to them. Also, in the BNF {Section 3.1.1}, the
Destination-Realm AVP is noted as required. Where the "typical" approach
is taken, it would seem difficult to include this. So perhaps you should
describe how this is done.

Change "A preferred approach..." to "An alternate approach..."

Page 3, Section 2.1, Fourth paragraph:

Change:

"   A Diameter-EAP-Answer message containing an EAP-Payload of type EAP-
   Success or EAP-Failure MUST NOT have the Result-Code AVP set to
   DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH."

To:

"   A Diameter-EAP-Answer message containing an EAP-Payload of code EAP-
   Success (3) or EAP-Failure (4) MUST NOT have the Result-Code AVP set to
   DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH."

Page 3, Section 2.1, paragraph 5:

"Diameter-EAP-Answer messages whose Result-Code AVP is set to
   DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH MAY include authorization AVPs."

You might give an example of a situation where this would occur.

Section 4.2.1 last sentence:

"If the NAS performs the
   Termination-Action by sending a new Diameter-EAP-Request command upon
   termination of the current service, it MUST return the State AVP
   unmodified in the new Diameter-EAP-Request command."

I've never understood the purpose of the State AVP here, or why it is a
MUST for inclusion. Some additional explanation would be helpful.

Page 9, Section 4.2.5, third paragraph

"If the value of the Termaination-Action AVP is equal to AA-REQUEST
   (1) then upon termination of the authorized service the NAS MAY send
   a new Diameter-EAP-Request (DER) command."

This is what RFC 2865 says, but it makes more sense for the MAY to be a
SHOULD or MUST. Essentially, this becomes a way to mandate
re-authentication without a server-initiated message. By using the DEFAULT
value, it's possible to terminate the session, so a AA-REQUEST value might
as well cause something different to happen.

Section 4.2.5, page 10, third paragraph:

"When used by 802.1x access devices, the service typically
            terminates due to the expiry of the Session-Timeout AVP.
            The access device may then reauthenticate the user with a
            new DER.  The RECOMMENDED way to do this in Diameter is to
            use the Authorization-Lifetime AVP rather than the
            Termination-Action AVP.  However, the Termination-Action AVP
            MAY be used when copied from a RADIUS Access-Accept packet
            to a Diameter-EAP-Answer command by a Translation Agent."

Actually, the service only terminates if Termination-Action=DEFAULT or no
Termination-Action AVP is included at all. If
Termination-Acton=AA-REQUEST, then re-authentication occurs. See:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-congdon-radius-8021x-20.txt

ADDITIONS

NAS-Session-Key AVP

I think this needs to be defined in the EAP document, not in NASREQ. Since
there is controversy about this AVP, including it in NASREQ would prevent
that document from advancing.

Security considerations

You might consider cadging this from RFC 2869bis-03:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-aboba-radius-rfc2869bis-03.txt

Usage Guidelines

Please consider the inclusion (with modifications to fit Diameter) of the
following section from RFC 2869bis-03, clarifying various aspects of
AAA/EAP interoperability:

2.5.  Usage guidelines

2.5.1.  Authentication completion

Within an EAP conversation, a RADIUS Access-Accept will typically
contain an EAP-Message attribute encapsulating an EAP Success packet.
Similarly, a RADIUS Access-Reject will typically contain an EAP-Message
attribute encapsulating an EAP Failure packet. However, this is not
required. For example, the RADIUS Access-Accept/Reject could contain an
EAP-Message attribute encapsulating an EAP-Request with an appropriate
Type code. This could occur, for example, where an EAP method contains
its own (protected) success or failure indications. In this case, it may
be possible to eliminate sending of the final EAP Success or EAP Failure
packet, saving a round-trip.

2.5.2.  Conflicting messages

In some cases, the authentication result implied by the encapsulated EAP
packet may not match the result communicated in the RADIUS message. For
example, and EAP Failure packet may be encapsulated within an Access-
Accept message and an EAP Success packet may be encapsulated within an
Access-Reject. Alternatively, no EAP-Message attribute may be included
within a RADIUS Access-Accept or Access-Reject.

Such combinations are likely to cause confusion, because the NAS and
Peer will arrive at different conclusions as to the outcome of the
authentication. For example, if the NAS receives an Access-Reject with
an encapsulated EAP Success, it will not grant access to the Peer.
However, on receiving the Success, the Peer will be lead to believe that
it authenticated successfully.

Similarly, if the NAS receives an Access-Accept with an encapsulated EAP
Failure, it will grant access to the Peer. However, on receiving an EAP
Failure, the Peer will be lead to believe that it failed authentication.
If no EAP-Message attribute is included within an Access-Accept or
Access-Reject, then the Peer may not be informed as to the outcome of
the authentication, while the NAS will take action to allow or deny
access.

As described in [RFC2284bis], the EAP Success and Failure packets are
not acknowledged, and these packets terminate the EAP conversation. As a
result, if these packets are encapsulated within an Access-Challenge, no
response will be received, and therefore no further Access-Requests will
be sent to the RADIUS server. As a result, the NAS will not be given an
indication of whether to allow or deny access while the Peer will be
informed as to the outcome of the authentication.

To avoid these conflicts, the RADIUS server SHOULD check to make sure
that the results implied by an  encapsulated EAP-Message attribute and
the RADIUS message are in agreement. The following combinations SHOULD
NOT be sent by a RADIUS server as part of an EAP conversation:

   Access-Accept/EAP-Message/EAP Failure
   Access-Accept/no EAP-Message attribute
   Access-Reject/EAP-Message/EAP Success
   Access-Reject/no EAP-Message attribute
   Access-Challenge/EAP-Message/EAP Success
   Access-Challenge/EAP-Message/EAP Failure

Since the responsibility for avoiding these conflicts lies with the
RADIUS server, the NAS MUST NOT "manufacture" EAP packets in order to
correct contradictory messages that it receives.



2.5.3.  Priority

In addition to containing EAP-Message attributes, RADIUS messages may
also contain other attributes. In order to ensure the correct processing
of RADIUS messages, the NAS SHOULD process EAP-Message attributes last.

[This is important for 802.1aa, but it makes more sense for it to end up
in the Diameter EAP document than to put this in 802.1aa.]

2.5.4.  Displayable messages

The Reply-Message attribute, defined in section 5.18 of [RFC2865],
indicates text which MAY be displayed to the user. This is similar in
concept to the EAP Notification Type, defined in [RFC2284].  When
sending a displayable message to a NAS during an EAP conversation, the
RADIUS server SHOULD encapsulate displayable messages within EAP-
Message/EAP-Request/Notification attribute(s), and SHOULD NOT use Reply-
Message attribute(s) for this purpose.

[I think that Reply-Message is already prohibited in Diameter, since it
wasn't included in the EAP Application BNF. If so, this is a good thing,
and this section isn't needed.]

A NAS receiving Reply-Message attribute(s) MAY copy the Text field(s)
into the Type-Data field of an EAP-Request/Notification packet, fill in
the Identifier field, and send this to the Peer. However, several issues
may arise from this:

[1]  Unexpected Responses. On receiving an EAP-Request/Notification, the
     Peer will send an EAP-Response/Notification, and the NAS will pass
     this on to the RADIUS server, encapsulated within EAP-Message
     attribute(s).  However, the RADIUS server may not be expecting an
     Access-Request containing an EAP-Message/EAP-Response/Notification
     attribute.

     For example, consider what happens when a Reply-Message is included
     within an Access-Accept or Access-Reject packet with no EAP-Message
     attribute present.  If the value of the Reply-Message attribute is
     copied into the Type-Data of an EAP-Request/Notification and sent
     to the peer, this will result in an Access-Request containing an
     EAP-Message/EAP-Response/Notification attribute being sent by the
     NAS to the RADIUS server. Since an Access-Accept or Access-Reject
     packet terminates the RADIUS conversation, such an Access-Request
     would not be expected.

[2]  Identifier conflicts. While the EAP-Request/Notification contains
     an an Identifier, a Reply-Message attribute does not. As a result,
     a NAS receiving a Reply-Message attribute and wishing to translate
     this to an EAP-Request/Notification will need to choose an
     Identifier. It is possible that the chosen Identifier will conflict
     with a value chosen by the RADIUS server for another packet within
     the EAP conversation. This would violate the requirement in
     [RFC2284bis] that  Identifier values be unique within an  EAP
     conversation.

2.5.5.  Displayable messages

When used within an EAP conversation, a Reply-Message attribute received
by the NAS MAY be translated to an EAP-Request/Notification sent to the
peer. As a result, a Reply-Message attribute MUST NOT be included in a
RADIUS message containing an EAP-Message attribute. An EAP-Message/EAP-
Request/Notification or Reply-Message attribute SHOULD NOT be included
within an Access-Accept or Access-Reject packet representing the
conclusion of an EAP conversation.

[I think this may be irrelevant for Diameter EAP, because the BNF does not
include the Reply-Message AVP.]



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Sun Sep  8 10:52:35 2002
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From: "Hepworth, Eleanor" <eleanor.hepworth@roke.co.uk>
To: "'aaa-wg@merit.edu'" <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: [AAA-WG]: NASREQ Query
Date: Sun, 8 Sep 2002 15:53:33 +0100 
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Hi,

I have a quick query regarding the Diameter NASREQ I-D.  The draft contains the following statement in the AA-Request description (section 3.1.1 of version 09):

    It is possible for a single session to be authorized first, then
    followed by an authentication request. However, the inverse SHOULD
    NOT be permitted.

I'm a little confused about this as usually I would expect authentication to be followed by an optional authorization step.  Should this text be the other way round (or have I misunderstood something)?

Thanks

Ele


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From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Mon Sep  9 02:03:08 2002
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From: "Glen Zorn" <gwz@cisco.com>
To: "'Bernard Aboba'" <aboba@internaut.com>, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: [issue 353] Issues with EAP-00 draft
Date: Sun, 8 Sep 2002 18:18:45 -0700
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Bernard Aboba [mailto:aboba@internaut.com] writes:

> Issue 353: Issues with EAP-00 draft
> Submitter: Bernard Aboba
> Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
> Date first submitted: September 7, 2002
> Reference:
> Document: EAP-00
> Comment type: T
> Priority: 1
> Section: several
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
>
> Page 2, last sentence of the Abstract:
>
> Change "PPP Extensible Authentication Protocol" to "Extensible
> Authentication Protocol."

OK

>
> Page 2, section 2, last sentence:
>
> Change "with PAP and CHAP in a roaming PPP environment." to
> "with PAP, CHAP or EAP-MD5."

OK

>
> Page 3, Section 2.1, second paragraph, first sentence:
>
> The first approach was described as "typical". That would imply that
> additional approaches are non-typical, so that the adjective
> "preferred"
> would not apply to them.

Not sure I follow your reasoning.  Are you saying that typical behavior is
also optimal?  This assertion seems a bit absurd :-)...

> Also, in the BNF {Section 3.1.1}, the
> Destination-Realm AVP is noted as required. Where the
> "typical" approach
> is taken, it would seem difficult to include this.

Indeed!  In fact, it looks to me like the "typical" approach, far from being
either optimal or even "preferred" is actually pretty useless: it seems to
waste bandwidth to no good purpose, since the empty request cannot be routed
to the home realm...

> So perhaps
> you should
> describe how this is done.
>
> Change "A preferred approach..." to "An alternate approach..."

I would prefer :-) to delete or deprecate the first approach.

>
> Page 3, Section 2.1, Fourth paragraph:
>
> Change:
>
> "   A Diameter-EAP-Answer message containing an EAP-Payload
> of type EAP-
>    Success or EAP-Failure MUST NOT have the Result-Code AVP set to
>    DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH."
>
> To:
>
> "   A Diameter-EAP-Answer message containing an EAP-Payload
> of code EAP-
>    Success (3) or EAP-Failure (4) MUST NOT have the
> Result-Code AVP set to
>    DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH."
>

OK

> Page 3, Section 2.1, paragraph 5:
>
> "Diameter-EAP-Answer messages whose Result-Code AVP is set to
>    DIAMETER_MULTI_ROUND_AUTH MAY include authorization AVPs."
>
> You might give an example of a situation where this would occur.

Can you think of one?

>
> Section 4.2.1 last sentence:
>
> "If the NAS performs the
>    Termination-Action by sending a new Diameter-EAP-Request
> command upon
>    termination of the current service, it MUST return the State AVP
>    unmodified in the new Diameter-EAP-Request command."
>
> I've never understood the purpose of the State AVP here, or
> why it is a
> MUST for inclusion. Some additional explanation would be helpful.
>
> Page 9, Section 4.2.5, third paragraph
>
> "If the value of the Termaination-Action AVP is equal to AA-REQUEST
>    (1) then upon termination of the authorized service the
> NAS MAY send
>    a new Diameter-EAP-Request (DER) command."
>
> This is what RFC 2865 says, but it makes more sense for the
> MAY to be a
> SHOULD or MUST. Essentially, this becomes a way to mandate
> re-authentication without a server-initiated message. By
> using the DEFAULT
> value, it's possible to terminate the session, so a
> AA-REQUEST value might
> as well cause something different to happen.

Agreed.

>
> Section 4.2.5, page 10, third paragraph:
>
> "When used by 802.1x access devices, the service typically
>             terminates due to the expiry of the Session-Timeout AVP.
>             The access device may then reauthenticate the user with a
>             new DER.  The RECOMMENDED way to do this in Diameter is to
>             use the Authorization-Lifetime AVP rather than the
>             Termination-Action AVP.  However, the
> Termination-Action AVP
>             MAY be used when copied from a RADIUS Access-Accept packet
>             to a Diameter-EAP-Answer command by a Translation Agent."
>
> Actually, the service only terminates if
> Termination-Action=DEFAULT or no
> Termination-Action AVP is included at all. If
> Termination-Acton=AA-REQUEST, then re-authentication occurs. See:
>
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-congdon-radius-8021x-20.txt
>
> ADDITIONS
>
> NAS-Session-Key AVP
>
> I think this needs to be defined in the EAP document, not in
> NASREQ.

I disagree emphatically.  Removing this AVP from NASREQ would result in
Diameter actually having _less_ functionality than current (albeit
non-standard) RADIUS implementations.

> Since
> there is controversy about this AVP, including it in NASREQ
> would prevent
> that document from advancing.

The major controversy I recall was from Paul Funk, who hasn't followed up
AFAIK, even as far as answering my question as to why the current AVPs do
not suffice to do exactly what he wants.  Are there other complaints?

>
> Security considerations
>
> You might consider cadging this from RFC 2869bis-03:
>
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-aboba-radius-rfc2869
> bis-03.txt
>
> Usage Guidelines
>
> Please consider the inclusion (with modifications to fit
> Diameter) of the
> following section from RFC 2869bis-03, clarifying various aspects of
> AAA/EAP interoperability:
>
> 2.5.  Usage guidelines
>
> 2.5.1.  Authentication completion
>
> Within an EAP conversation, a RADIUS Access-Accept will typically
> contain an EAP-Message attribute encapsulating an EAP Success packet.
> Similarly, a RADIUS Access-Reject will typically contain an
> EAP-Message
> attribute encapsulating an EAP Failure packet. However, this is not
> required. For example, the RADIUS Access-Accept/Reject could
> contain an
> EAP-Message attribute encapsulating an EAP-Request with an appropriate
> Type code. This could occur, for example, where an EAP method contains
> its own (protected) success or failure indications. In this
> case, it may
> be possible to eliminate sending of the final EAP Success or
> EAP Failure
> packet, saving a round-trip.
>
> 2.5.2.  Conflicting messages
>
> In some cases, the authentication result implied by the
> encapsulated EAP
> packet may not match the result communicated in the RADIUS
> message. For
> example, and EAP Failure packet may be encapsulated within an Access-
> Accept message and an EAP Success packet may be encapsulated within an
> Access-Reject. Alternatively, no EAP-Message attribute may be included
> within a RADIUS Access-Accept or Access-Reject.
>
> Such combinations are likely to cause confusion, because the NAS and
> Peer will arrive at different conclusions as to the outcome of the
> authentication. For example, if the NAS receives an Access-Reject with
> an encapsulated EAP Success, it will not grant access to the Peer.
> However, on receiving the Success, the Peer will be lead to
> believe that
> it authenticated successfully.
>
> Similarly, if the NAS receives an Access-Accept with an
> encapsulated EAP
> Failure, it will grant access to the Peer. However, on
> receiving an EAP
> Failure, the Peer will be lead to believe that it failed
> authentication.
> If no EAP-Message attribute is included within an Access-Accept or
> Access-Reject, then the Peer may not be informed as to the outcome of
> the authentication, while the NAS will take action to allow or deny
> access.
>
> As described in [RFC2284bis], the EAP Success and Failure packets are
> not acknowledged, and these packets terminate the EAP
> conversation. As a
> result, if these packets are encapsulated within an
> Access-Challenge, no
> response will be received, and therefore no further
> Access-Requests will
> be sent to the RADIUS server. As a result, the NAS will not
> be given an
> indication of whether to allow or deny access while the Peer will be
> informed as to the outcome of the authentication.
>
> To avoid these conflicts, the RADIUS server SHOULD check to make sure
> that the results implied by an  encapsulated EAP-Message attribute and
> the RADIUS message are in agreement. The following combinations SHOULD
> NOT be sent by a RADIUS server as part of an EAP conversation:
>
>    Access-Accept/EAP-Message/EAP Failure
>    Access-Accept/no EAP-Message attribute
>    Access-Reject/EAP-Message/EAP Success
>    Access-Reject/no EAP-Message attribute
>    Access-Challenge/EAP-Message/EAP Success
>    Access-Challenge/EAP-Message/EAP Failure
>
> Since the responsibility for avoiding these conflicts lies with the
> RADIUS server, the NAS MUST NOT "manufacture" EAP packets in order to
> correct contradictory messages that it receives.
>
>
>
> 2.5.3.  Priority
>
> In addition to containing EAP-Message attributes, RADIUS messages may
> also contain other attributes. In order to ensure the correct
> processing
> of RADIUS messages, the NAS SHOULD process EAP-Message
> attributes last.
>
> [This is important for 802.1aa, but it makes more sense for
> it to end up
> in the Diameter EAP document than to put this in 802.1aa.]
>
> 2.5.4.  Displayable messages
>
> The Reply-Message attribute, defined in section 5.18 of [RFC2865],
> indicates text which MAY be displayed to the user. This is similar in
> concept to the EAP Notification Type, defined in [RFC2284].  When
> sending a displayable message to a NAS during an EAP conversation, the
> RADIUS server SHOULD encapsulate displayable messages within EAP-
> Message/EAP-Request/Notification attribute(s), and SHOULD NOT
> use Reply-
> Message attribute(s) for this purpose.
>
> [I think that Reply-Message is already prohibited in
> Diameter, since it
> wasn't included in the EAP Application BNF. If so, this is a
> good thing,
> and this section isn't needed.]
>
> A NAS receiving Reply-Message attribute(s) MAY copy the Text field(s)
> into the Type-Data field of an EAP-Request/Notification
> packet, fill in
> the Identifier field, and send this to the Peer. However,
> several issues
> may arise from this:
>
> [1]  Unexpected Responses. On receiving an
> EAP-Request/Notification, the
>      Peer will send an EAP-Response/Notification, and the NAS
> will pass
>      this on to the RADIUS server, encapsulated within EAP-Message
>      attribute(s).  However, the RADIUS server may not be expecting an
>      Access-Request containing an
> EAP-Message/EAP-Response/Notification
>      attribute.
>
>      For example, consider what happens when a Reply-Message
> is included
>      within an Access-Accept or Access-Reject packet with no
> EAP-Message
>      attribute present.  If the value of the Reply-Message
> attribute is
>      copied into the Type-Data of an EAP-Request/Notification and sent
>      to the peer, this will result in an Access-Request containing an
>      EAP-Message/EAP-Response/Notification attribute being sent by the
>      NAS to the RADIUS server. Since an Access-Accept or Access-Reject
>      packet terminates the RADIUS conversation, such an Access-Request
>      would not be expected.
>
> [2]  Identifier conflicts. While the EAP-Request/Notification contains
>      an an Identifier, a Reply-Message attribute does not. As
> a result,
>      a NAS receiving a Reply-Message attribute and wishing to
> translate
>      this to an EAP-Request/Notification will need to choose an
>      Identifier. It is possible that the chosen Identifier
> will conflict
>      with a value chosen by the RADIUS server for another
> packet within
>      the EAP conversation. This would violate the requirement in
>      [RFC2284bis] that  Identifier values be unique within an  EAP
>      conversation.
>
> 2.5.5.  Displayable messages
>
> When used within an EAP conversation, a Reply-Message
> attribute received
> by the NAS MAY be translated to an EAP-Request/Notification
> sent to the
> peer. As a result, a Reply-Message attribute MUST NOT be included in a
> RADIUS message containing an EAP-Message attribute. An
> EAP-Message/EAP-
> Request/Notification or Reply-Message attribute SHOULD NOT be included
> within an Access-Accept or Access-Reject packet representing the
> conclusion of an EAP conversation.
>
> [I think this may be irrelevant for Diameter EAP, because the
> BNF does not
> include the Reply-Message AVP.]
>
>
>




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Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base update)
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Hi Pete,

Doing final edits on the next version of the base.

> Should we say instead, "or a vendor specific experimental Application
> Identifier."?  Or should we delete the last clause, as all Application
> Identifiers are now assigned by IANA, regardless of whether
> vendor-specific or not?

I think they should be assigned by IANA on a first come, first serve
basis.
 
> Also from Section 1.2.4:
> 
>    This is why "disk writing" accounting servers should advertise
>    themselves as "Relays" that can handle any Application ID, 
> including
>    Vendor-Specific.
> 
> There is an issue with this text that was raised by Glen Zorn but
> never resolved: I think we mean to say "can handle any *Accounting*
> Application ID.".  A disk-writing accounting server can handle only
> ACR and ACA, not just any command.  Remember, the standards-track
> application IDs that can appear in CER are split into normal App-IDs
> and Accounting App-IDs.  I think a "disk writing" accounting server
> should advertise support for the Relay applicationin an Accounting
> App-ID *only*.  Also, I don't think such a server can handle any
> Vendor-Specific application, because such an application can never
> include standards-track commands such as ACR/ACA under the current
> rules, as I understand them.

I agree with adding the word Accounting, I'm not sure what else you anted
to add.

>   3.3  Diameter Command Naming Conventions
> 
>      Diameter commands typically includes one or more English words
> 
> Should be, "Diameter command names typically include"

Got it.

>   3  Diameter Header
>   ...
>       Command-Code values in the range 0xfffff0 through 0xffffff are
>                                        ^^^^^ this is only 16 
> 	commands.  It's conceivable that even a 
> 	single application may need more.  Should we 
> 	use 0xffff00 through 0xffffff 
> 	instead?  If so, also need to correct the 
> 	range in Section 11.2.1.

I'm just following the guidelines of the AD.  If we increased it, it
will just get knocked back down during IESG review.

> Should we clarify here that experimental use = vendor specific?  I.e.,
> "Command-Code values in the range 0xfffff0 through 0xffffff are
> reserved for use by vendor specific, experimental commands."

Not sure that would help anything ...
 
> Also, remove extra space between "ID" and "AVP" in the last line.

ACK.

>   11.3  Application Identifiers
> 
>      As defined in section 2.4, the Application Identifier is used to
>      identify a specific Diameter Application. There are 
> standards-track
>      application ids and vendor specific application ids.
> 
>      IANA [IANA] will assign the range 0x00000001 to 0x00ffffff for
>      standards-track applications; and 0xff00000000 - 0xfffffffe for
>      vendor specific applications.
>   
>      Both Application-Id and Acct-Application-Id AVPs use the same
>      Application Identifier space.
> 
>      Vendor-Specific Application Identifiers, encoded in the Vendor-
>      Specific-Application-Id Grouped AVP, with the Vendor-Id 
> AVP set to
>      the vendor's enterprise number, is for Private Use.
> 
> I don't think this is strictly true anymore.  The Vendor-Specific
> Application Identifiers are now from the experimental range
> 0xff00000000 - 0xfffffffe and are in fact managed by IANA.  Or perhaps
> I've misinterpreted the intention here?
> 
> If the experimental command code space is to be managed by IANA, this
> IANA Considerations section is inadequate.  It needs to give the
> assignment policy (Expert Review, First-come-first-served, etc.).
> 
> We could leave the space for Private Use (I actually favor this
> alternative), but I think that brought up the routing concerns raised
> by Bernard - then we would need to parse the AVPs to find out how to
> route the command.  Also such a policy conflicts with the language in
> section 3 under "Command Codes", which I quoted above.

I'll take care of this in a follow on mail.

John


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Mon Sep  9 09:35:00 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: Glen Zorn <gwz@cisco.com>
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: [issue 353] Issues with EAP-00 draft
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> Not sure I follow your reasoning.  Are you saying that typical behavior is
> also optimal?  This assertion seems a bit absurd :-)...

I'm just wondering which behavior the draft is advocating, and why.

> Indeed!  In fact, it looks to me like the "typical" approach, far from being
> either optimal or even "preferred" is actually pretty useless: it seems to
> waste bandwidth to no good purpose, since the empty request cannot be routed
> to the home realm...

However, if there is no proxy, then it could conceivably be useful. For
example, the RADIUS server could decide to dispense with an EAP Identity
exchange altogether and go immediately to an identity-hiding method (EAP
TTLS or PEAP).

> I would prefer :-) to delete or deprecate the first approach.

Perhaps the right thing to do is to indicate that the second approach is
preferred, except in special cases where the first approach MAY be used.

> > You might give an example of a situation where this would occur.
>
> Can you think of one?

The case that comes to mind is use of Session-Timeout to indicate
the desired timeout period for the NAS, before resending the EAP Request.


> > Since
> > there is controversy about this AVP, including it in NASREQ
> > would prevent
> > that document from advancing.
>
> The major controversy I recall was from Paul Funk, who hasn't followed up
> AFAIK, even as far as answering my question as to why the current AVPs do
> not suffice to do exactly what he wants.  Are there other complaints?

Yes, see Issue #294.




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Mon Sep  9 09:43:37 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: john.loughney@nokia.com
Cc: mccap@lucent.com, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base update)
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> I agree with adding the word Accounting, I'm not sure what else you anted
> to add.

The point is that a "disk writing" accounting server cannot handle new
commands unless it understands them. This means that it can only handle
Accounting App-IDs that don't involve a new command -- but there is no way
for it to determine whether this is true or not.




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Mon Sep  9 10:06:32 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: Glen Zorn <gwz@cisco.com>
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: [issue 353] Issues with EAP-00 draft
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> > I think this needs to be defined in the EAP document, not in
> > NASREQ.
>
> I disagree emphatically.  Removing this AVP from NASREQ would result in
> Diameter actually having _less_ functionality than current (albeit
> non-standard) RADIUS implementations.

Question: Is there a use for this AVP outside of EAP? For example, is it
used by 3GPP2? As I recall, the 3GPP2 liason letter requested advancement
of NASREQ for use with PAP/CHAP authentication, but there was no mention of
a need for keying support.




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Mon Sep  9 11:21:38 2002
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From: Pete McCann <mccap@lucent.com>
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Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base update)
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Bernard Aboba writes:
 > > I agree with adding the word Accounting, I'm not sure what else you anted
 > > to add.
 > 
 > The point is that a "disk writing" accounting server cannot handle new
 > commands unless it understands them. This means that it can only handle
 > Accounting App-IDs that don't involve a new command -- but there is no way
 > for it to determine whether this is true or not.

Yes, and this is true for both standards-track and vendor-specific
applications.  Additionally, there is no way to tell whether a
vendor-specific application is "Authorization" or "Accounting" because
there is only one type of Vendor-Specific Application ID AVP in the
CER/CEA (not that it would have helped anyway due to the above).

Upon further reflection, I think we should just strike the offending
paragraph in section 1.2.4:

>   This is why "disk writing" accounting servers should advertise
>   themselves as "Relays" that can handle any Application ID, including
>   Vendor-Specific.

Basically, it is impossible to create a disk-writing accounting server
without knowing that no additional commands are defined by the given
application, or by providing the additional command functionality in
another network entity.  It was a nice thought, but it just doesn't
work.

-Pete




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Mon Sep  9 11:49:39 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: Pete McCann <mccap@lucent.com>
Cc: john.loughney@nokia.com, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base update)
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>  > The point is that a "disk writing" accounting server cannot handle new
>  > commands unless it understands them. This means that it can only handle
>  > Accounting App-IDs that don't involve a new command -- but there is no way
>  > for it to determine whether this is true or not.
>
> Yes, and this is true for both standards-track and vendor-specific
> applications.  Additionally, there is no way to tell whether a
> vendor-specific application is "Authorization" or "Accounting" because
> there is only one type of Vendor-Specific Application ID AVP in the
> CER/CEA (not that it would have helped anyway due to the above).

It seems that the only way this could be made to work is to add bits in
the application-id field to differentiate between authorization/accounting
applications, and also between new commands/no new command applications.
I'm not clear that this is necessary, though (see below for simpler
solution).

> Upon further reflection, I think we should just strike the offending
> paragraph in section 1.2.4:
>
> >   This is why "disk writing" accounting servers should advertise
> >   themselves as "Relays" that can handle any Application ID, including
> >   Vendor-Specific.
>
> Basically, it is impossible to create a disk-writing accounting server
> without knowing that no additional commands are defined by the given
> application, or by providing the additional command functionality in
> another network entity.  It was a nice thought, but it just doesn't
> work.

Originally, a new application-ID required a new command, and therefore
there was no reason to expect that a "disk writing" accounting server
could handle anything other than the standard Accounting application-ID.
In some ways this original formulation is very clean -- the accounting
server just advertises the standard accounting application, and there is
no reason to get another application-ID unless you're defining a new
command. In this case, deleting the paragraph has no ill effects, and I'd
agree with you.

However, now my understanding is that we are allowing allocation of new
application IDs without a new command. This has the troublesome effect of
breaking interoperability as a result of trivial changes (e.g. adding a
vendor-specific AVP).

Although we have put language in the draft discouraging allocation of new
application IDs without good reason, in practice, this has had no effect
-- virtually every accounting usage in Diameter is now requesting an
application ID, whether it is necessary or not.

So it seems to me that we have a choice of either putting some teeth into
the allocation policy (e.g. going with "expert review" before allocation
of an application ID) or putting bits into the application-ID to allow the
accounting server to distinguish the new AVP case from the new command
case.

If we don't do either of these things, the likely outcome is that Diameter
will end up being less extensible than RADIUS.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Mon Sep  9 18:00:45 2002
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Date: Mon, 9 Sep 2002 16:58:41 -0500
From: Pete McCann <mccap@lucent.com>
To: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
Cc: john.loughney@nokia.com, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base update)
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Bernard Aboba writes:
 > Originally, a new application-ID required a new command, and therefore
 > there was no reason to expect that a "disk writing" accounting server
 > could handle anything other than the standard Accounting application-ID.
 > In some ways this original formulation is very clean -- the accounting
 > server just advertises the standard accounting application, and there is
 > no reason to get another application-ID unless you're defining a new
 > command. In this case, deleting the paragraph has no ill effects, and I'd
 > agree with you.

Accounting is also "lumped in" with the various authorization
applications now, so there are no Application IDs that apply only to
accounting or only to authorization.  Also, the vendor-specific
application IDs only come in one flavor.

 > However, now my understanding is that we are allowing allocation of new
 > application IDs without a new command. This has the troublesome effect of
 > breaking interoperability as a result of trivial changes (e.g. adding a
 > vendor-specific AVP).

 > Although we have put language in the draft discouraging allocation of new
 > application IDs without good reason, in practice, this has had no effect
 > -- virtually every accounting usage in Diameter is now requesting an
 > application ID, whether it is necessary or not.

 > So it seems to me that we have a choice of either putting some teeth into
 > the allocation policy (e.g. going with "expert review" before allocation
 > of an application ID) or putting bits into the application-ID to allow the
 > accounting server to distinguish the new AVP case from the new command
 > case.

 > If we don't do either of these things, the likely outcome is that Diameter
 > will end up being less extensible than RADIUS.

I would like to keep FCFS allocation policy if at all possible.

I think the best way to add the bits of which you speak would be to
differentiate more strongly between the Accounting and Authorization
Application-ID AVPs.  In other words, Accounting applications must be
"pure" in the sense that they only use ACR/ACA.  It may be the case
that the same Application ID appears inside both Authorization and
Accounting Application-ID AVPs during CER/CEA, but this really means
that a server supports two different aspects of a protocol: 1) the
authorization state machine and any associated machinery, and 2) the
ACR/ACA commands and all of the mandatory AVPs associated with the
application.  This way, we could define the "Relay" Application ID,
when it appears inside an Accounting Application-ID AVP, to mean that
the server supports ACR/ACA for any application.  Also, we should
create 2 AVPs to hold vendor-specific application IDs: one for
authorization, the other for accounting.  The accounting applications,
even when vendor-specific, are not allowed to use any commands other
than ACR/ACA.  A "disk-writing" accounting server could then
interoperate with any accounting application, even if it were
negotiating with a proxy that didn't know the semantics of the
application, because accounting applications are guaranteed to be
"pure" (only use ACR/ACA) throughout the system.

Would that work?

-Pete



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Mon Sep  9 18:08:45 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: Pete McCann <mccap@lucent.com>
Cc: john.loughney@nokia.com, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base update)
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> I think the best way to add the bits of which you speak would be to
> differentiate more strongly between the Accounting and Authorization
> Application-ID AVPs.  In other words, Accounting applications must be
> "pure" in the sense that they only use ACR/ACA.

In most cases, that should be sufficient, but I don't know that I would
require it in every case. It is conceivable that someone could come up
with an accounting application that required a new command, no?

> It may be the case
> that the same Application ID appears inside both Authorization and
> Accounting Application-ID AVPs during CER/CEA, but this really means
> that a server supports two different aspects of a protocol: 1) the
> authorization state machine and any associated machinery, and 2) the
> ACR/ACA commands and all of the mandatory AVPs associated with the
> application.  This way, we could define the "Relay" Application ID,
> when it appears inside an Accounting Application-ID AVP, to mean that
> the server supports ACR/ACA for any application.

That would work most of the time. But if someone did come up with an
accounting application that needed a new command, how would they indicate
that it *didn't* use ACR/ACA?

> Also, we should
> create 2 AVPs to hold vendor-specific application IDs: one for
> authorization, the other for accounting.  The accounting applications,
> even when vendor-specific, are not allowed to use any commands other
> than ACR/ACA.  A "disk-writing" accounting server could then
> interoperate with any accounting application, even if it were
> negotiating with a proxy that didn't know the semantics of the
> application, because accounting applications are guaranteed to be
> "pure" (only use ACR/ACA) throughout the system.
>
> Would that work?

99% of the time, I think it would. But I'm curious as to how we would
handle the other 1%.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 10 04:34:09 2002
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Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base update)
Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 11:35:30 +0300
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Hi,

the Pete's proposal seems to limit the accounting application to use
ACR/ACA only. A new accoutnig application can only define AVPs.

I would underline that the base accounting does not satify all the
possible accounting requirements that may pop-up in the future, actually
it does even not satify some of the existing requirements e.g prepaid
requirements.
Certain prepaid application used in multiservice environment may need
to define also new command and mechanisms.

Well, the Pete's proposal seems to place a huge limitation to the use
of Diameter as accounting protocol. With such limitation I wonder
whether Diameter would be used for accounting at all...

Br
Marco

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Pete McCann [mailto:mccap@lucent.com]
> Sent: 10. September 2002 0:59
> To: Bernard Aboba
> Cc: Loughney John (NRC/Helsinki); aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base
> update)
> 
> 
> 
> Bernard Aboba writes:
>  > Originally, a new application-ID required a new command, 
> and therefore
>  > there was no reason to expect that a "disk writing" 
> accounting server
>  > could handle anything other than the standard Accounting 
> application-ID.
>  > In some ways this original formulation is very clean -- 
> the accounting
>  > server just advertises the standard accounting 
> application, and there is
>  > no reason to get another application-ID unless you're 
> defining a new
>  > command. In this case, deleting the paragraph has no ill 
> effects, and I'd
>  > agree with you.
> 
> Accounting is also "lumped in" with the various authorization
> applications now, so there are no Application IDs that apply only to
> accounting or only to authorization.  Also, the vendor-specific
> application IDs only come in one flavor.
> 
>  > However, now my understanding is that we are allowing 
> allocation of new
>  > application IDs without a new command. This has the 
> troublesome effect of
>  > breaking interoperability as a result of trivial changes 
> (e.g. adding a
>  > vendor-specific AVP).
> 
>  > Although we have put language in the draft discouraging 
> allocation of new
>  > application IDs without good reason, in practice, this has 
> had no effect
>  > -- virtually every accounting usage in Diameter is now 
> requesting an
>  > application ID, whether it is necessary or not.
> 
>  > So it seems to me that we have a choice of either putting 
> some teeth into
>  > the allocation policy (e.g. going with "expert review" 
> before allocation
>  > of an application ID) or putting bits into the 
> application-ID to allow the
>  > accounting server to distinguish the new AVP case from the 
> new command
>  > case.
> 
>  > If we don't do either of these things, the likely outcome 
> is that Diameter
>  > will end up being less extensible than RADIUS.
> 
> I would like to keep FCFS allocation policy if at all possible.
> 
> I think the best way to add the bits of which you speak would be to
> differentiate more strongly between the Accounting and Authorization
> Application-ID AVPs.  In other words, Accounting applications must be
> "pure" in the sense that they only use ACR/ACA.  It may be the case
> that the same Application ID appears inside both Authorization and
> Accounting Application-ID AVPs during CER/CEA, but this really means
> that a server supports two different aspects of a protocol: 1) the
> authorization state machine and any associated machinery, and 2) the
> ACR/ACA commands and all of the mandatory AVPs associated with the
> application.  This way, we could define the "Relay" Application ID,
> when it appears inside an Accounting Application-ID AVP, to mean that
> the server supports ACR/ACA for any application.  Also, we should
> create 2 AVPs to hold vendor-specific application IDs: one for
> authorization, the other for accounting.  The accounting applications,
> even when vendor-specific, are not allowed to use any commands other
> than ACR/ACA.  A "disk-writing" accounting server could then
> interoperate with any accounting application, even if it were
> negotiating with a proxy that didn't know the semantics of the
> application, because accounting applications are guaranteed to be
> "pure" (only use ACR/ACA) throughout the system.
> 
> Would that work?
> 
> -Pete
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 10 05:34:11 2002
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Subject: [AAA-WG]: Question on EAP
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Dear all,
 
Sorry for those who get this twice. I am a starter of PPP and related
extentions. I have a question based on the case below,
 
An authenticator in a WLAN link uses EAP to authenticate terminals. The
authenticator uses AAA (radius or Diameter) to communicate with
authentication server. The authentication server is not only providing
authentication service but registration services. Once the authentication is
successful, the terminal will be considered registered with the network, and
services can be provided.
 
And the registration service of the authentication server needs to know the
user's status in the network (registered or not). Therefore, it relys on
some sort of information reported by the authenticator which is close to the
terminals
 
When the terminal powers off, we want the authenticator to detect this and
report to the authenitcation server that user is not registered anymore
(becuase user has turned off its terminal).
 
The question is does the current WLAN technologies and EAP protocol support
this operation. 
 
Regards
 
Xin Chen
Mobile Network Architecture
Fujitsu Laboratories of Europe LTD
Tel: +44 (0) 2086064453
Mobile: +44 (0)7775741020
 

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<DIV><SPAN class=375421409-10092002><FONT face=Arial size=2>Dear 
all,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375421409-10092002><FONT face=Arial 
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375421409-10092002><FONT face=Arial size=2>Sorry for those who 
get this twice. I am a starter of PPP and related extentions. I have a question 
based on the case below,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375421409-10092002><FONT face=Arial 
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375421409-10092002><FONT face=Arial size=2>An authenticator in 
a WLAN link uses EAP to authenticate terminals. The authenticator uses AAA 
(radius or Diameter) to communicate with authentication server. The 
authentication server is not only providing authentication service but 
registration services. Once the authentication is successful, the terminal will 
be considered registered with the network, and services can be 
provided.</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375421409-10092002><FONT face=Arial 
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375421409-10092002><FONT face=Arial size=2>And the registration 
service of the authentication server needs to know the user's status in the 
network (registered or not). Therefore, it relys on some sort of information 
reported&nbsp;by the authenticator which is close to the 
terminals</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375421409-10092002><FONT face=Arial 
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375421409-10092002><FONT face=Arial size=2>When the terminal 
powers off, we want the authenticator to detect this and report to the 
authenitcation server that user is not registered anymore (becuase user has 
turned off its terminal).</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375421409-10092002><FONT face=Arial 
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375421409-10092002><FONT face=Arial size=2>The question is does 
the current WLAN technologies and EAP protocol support this operation. 
</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375421409-10092002><FONT face=Arial 
size=2>Regards</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=375421409-10092002></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2>Xin Chen</FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2>Mobile Network Architecture</FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2>Fujitsu Laboratories of Europe 
LTD</FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2>Tel: +44 (0) 2086064453</FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2>Mobile: +44 (0)7775741020</FONT></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 356: Security issues with TLS up-negotiation
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Issue 356: Security issues with TLS up-negotiation
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
Reference:
Document: BASE-12
Comment type: T
Priority: S
Section: 5.6
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

"For TLS usage, a TLS handshake will begin when both ends
are in the open state. If the TLS handshake is successful,
all further messages will be sent via TLS. If the handshake
fails, both ends move to the closed state."

Unfortunately, this model of TLS up-negotiation depends on
the Diameter connection being brought up without any security,
followed by an exchange of CER/CEA (including the security
model) in the clear.

The Inband-Security-ID AVP includes a value of NO_INBAND_SECURITY,
and nothing in the specification requires that a value of TLS
MUST be exchanged by the peers if the connection is not protected
by IPsec.

So it would appear legal for the Diameter connection to reach the
open state after negotiation of NO_INBAND_SECURITY.

To fix this, add the following text to section 13, first paragraph:

"Diameter clients, such as Network Access Servers (NASes) and Mobility
Agents MUST support IP Security [SECARCH] and MAY support TLS [TLS].
Diameter servers MUST support TLS and IPsec. Diameter implementations
MUST use transmission-level security of some kind (IPsec or TLS) on
each connection.

If a Diameter connection is not protected by IPsec,
then the CER/CEA exchange MUST include an Inband-Security-ID AVP
with a vaue of TLS. For TLS usage, a TLS handshake will begin when both
ends
are in the open state, after completion of the CER/CEA exchange.
If the TLS handshake is successful, all further messages will
be sent via TLS. If the handshake fails, both ends move to the
closed state.

It is suggested that IPsec be used primarily at the edges for
intra-domain exchanges. For NAS devices without certificate support,
pre-shared keys can be used between the NAS and a local AAA proxy.

For protection of inter-domain exchanges, TLS is recommended. See
sections 13.1 and 13.2 for more details on IPsec and TLS usage."



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 10 09:39:26 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 357: Inappropriate UTF-8 encoding
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Issue 357: Inappropriate UTF-8 encoding
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
Reference:
Document: BASE-12
Comment type: T
Priority: S
Section: 4.3
Rationale/Explanation of issue:
The DiameterIdentity type is defined to use the UTF-8 charset
and is indicated to carry a Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).

Unfortunately, FQDNs are to be encoded as specified by the
Internationalized Domain Name (IDN) specification, not UTF-8.
For example, see:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-idn-idna-11.txt

To fix this, the DiameterIdentity type should be defined to
use the ASCII character set, not UTF-8, and references
to UTF-8 in FQDNs should instead refer to the DiameterIdentity
type.

AVPs that use UTF8String instead of DiameterIdentity include:

Origin-Realm AVP (6.4)
Destination-Realm AVP (6.6)

Note that there are other questionable uses of UTF-8 within
the specification. For example, why does IPFilterRule or
QoSFilterRule use UTF-8 instead of ASCII?




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 10 10:22:16 2002
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From: Pete McCann <mccap@lucent.com>
To: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
Cc: john.loughney@nokia.com, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base update)
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Bernard Aboba writes:
 > It is conceivable that someone could come up
 > with an accounting application that required a new command, no?

Maybe we should say that's not an accounting application.  Or rather,
if it still used ACR/ACA, that part would be accounting, but the new
command would be an authorization application.

 > > Would that work?
 > 
 > 99% of the time, I think it would. But I'm curious as to how we would
 > handle the other 1%.

We currently don't have any formal definition of what an accounting
application is, so let's just define the problem away by saying that
*only* ACR/ACA can be a part of an accounting application, and
anything else is part of the corresponding authorization application.
If an application doesn't use ACR/ACA, then it's not an accounting
application.  If it uses ACR/ACA + some other commands, then only the
ACR/ACA part is the accounting, but the other commands are
authorization.  You could always advertise support for each one
separately in CER/CEA, or advertise as an accounting relay to say you
support all applications' ACR/ACA commands but nothing else.

-Pete



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 10 10:57:02 2002
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To: marco.stura@nokia.com
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Hi, Marco,

We could always just delete that paragraph about "disk-writing"
accounting servers, but I was trying to find a way to keep the ability
to do that.  It seems that to do that, we need some way to indicate
support for ACR/ACA (and nothing else) for any application.  

I certainly don't want to limit the scope of future accounting
protocols; I am just playing with definitions of some terms.  So if a
new protocol used ACR/ACA plus some other commands for doing prepaid,
then those new commands would be considered part of the authorization
application.  We certainly wouldn't expect a "disk-writing" accounting
server to handle those additional commands and state machines.
However, our "disk-writing" accounting server could advertise support
for the ACR/ACAs which could be routed to it and stored on disk, in
some particular deployment.

Of course, if those ACRs/ACAs were intended to trigger certain actions
of the bigger application, you would need the interfaces to do that.
There's probably no way for a simple disk-writing accounting server to
help with that, so my proposal might break such applications.  If it
is important to support these, then I tend to think we should just
delete the paragraph and move on.

What I think Benard proposed originally was to add some "typefulness"
to the Application IDs so that you could look at any given application
ID and see if it was:

   1) "Vanilla" accounting, only used ACR/ACA
   2) "Enhanced" accounting, with some additional commands or
       interactions that would make disk-writing accounting servers
       inappropriate

I guess we could steal the least-order bit from the application ID
for this purpose - you could say that even-numbered accounting IDs are
"vanilla" and odd-numbered accounting IDs are "enhanced".  However,
this seems to require a smidge of expert review at assignment time,
rather than FCFS.  We could modify the text about advertising "Relay"
accounting services to say it means you support any "vanilla"
accounting application.  We would need to understand how to advertise
support for true Relay accounting servers, perhaps using the
least-order bit of the "Relay" identifier.

What do people want to do?

-Pete

marco.stura@nokia.com writes:
 > Hi,
 > 
 > the Pete's proposal seems to limit the accounting application to use
 > ACR/ACA only. A new accoutnig application can only define AVPs.
 > 
 > I would underline that the base accounting does not satify all the
 > possible accounting requirements that may pop-up in the future, actually
 > it does even not satify some of the existing requirements e.g prepaid
 > requirements.
 > Certain prepaid application used in multiservice environment may need
 > to define also new command and mechanisms.
 > 
 > Well, the Pete's proposal seems to place a huge limitation to the use
 > of Diameter as accounting protocol. With such limitation I wonder
 > whether Diameter would be used for accounting at all...
 > 
 > Br
 > Marco



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 10 11:28:52 2002
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That pair of statements has confounded several of us.  I would like to, at 
least, remove it.
I'd even further like to replace it with something clearer, but I cannot 
understand the requirement.

We have Authorization then Authentication sequences with Call directing NASes.
We have Authentication/Authorization sequences otherwise.
The protocol only has one type of message anyways, so it's all context 
dependent...

Can anyone defend the original requirement for this statement??

Dave.



At 9/8/2002 03:53 PM +0100, you wrote:

>Hi,
>
>I have a quick query regarding the Diameter NASREQ I-D.  The draft 
>contains the following statement in the AA-Request description (section 
>3.1.1 of version 09):
>
>     It is possible for a single session to be authorized first, then
>     followed by an authentication request. However, the inverse SHOULD
>     NOT be permitted.
>
>I'm a little confused about this as usually I would expect authentication 
>to be followed by an optional authorization step.  Should this text be the 
>other way round (or have I misunderstood something)?
>
>Thanks
>
>Ele



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 10 12:25:21 2002
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The sentence is inversed. The text should state that authorization
occurs after authentication.

PatC

-----Original Message-----
From: David Mitton [mailto:david@mitton.com] 
Sent: Tuesday, September 10, 2002 8:25 AM
To: Hepworth, Eleanor
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: NASREQ Query


That pair of statements has confounded several of us.  I would like to,
at 
least, remove it.
I'd even further like to replace it with something clearer, but I cannot

understand the requirement.

We have Authorization then Authentication sequences with Call directing
NASes. We have Authentication/Authorization sequences otherwise. The
protocol only has one type of message anyways, so it's all context 
dependent...

Can anyone defend the original requirement for this statement??

Dave.



At 9/8/2002 03:53 PM +0100, you wrote:

>Hi,
>
>I have a quick query regarding the Diameter NASREQ I-D.  The draft
>contains the following statement in the AA-Request description (section

>3.1.1 of version 09):
>
>     It is possible for a single session to be authorized first, then
>     followed by an authentication request. However, the inverse SHOULD
>     NOT be permitted.
>
>I'm a little confused about this as usually I would expect 
>authentication
>to be followed by an optional authorization step.  Should this text be
the 
>other way round (or have I misunderstood something)?
>
>Thanks
>
>Ele



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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
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---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 10:44:32 -0400
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
To: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
Cc: brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 357: Inappropriate UTF-8 encoding

Bernard,

As an alternative, I suggest the DiameterIdentity type can be left
simply as an OctetString AVP, and reference to any charset dropped.
If you want to add details to how the DiameterIdentity value is to
be used, e.g., case-insensitive character comparison for octets in
the range 0-127, that would be consistent with 10[34/35].

The same issue came up recently in dnsext (unknown RDATA formats).

The same issue has been present in provreg (character encodings other
than UTF-8 (and UTF-16) are allowed by XML, if an encoding attribute,
or a byte order mark, or both is present, EPP is specified in XML
Schema notation, and is silent on the use of character encodings other
than UTF-8 except "in environments where parser encoding support
incompatibility might have an impact on interoperability", in which
case UTF-8 is RECOMMENDED).

Eric



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 10 17:11:40 2002
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Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 13:14:44 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 358: Issues with references
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Issue 358: Issues with references
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
Reference:
Document: BASE-12
Comment type: E
Priority: 1
Section: 14.2 and others
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

Add the following non-normative references to section 14.2:

[AAAREQ] Aboba, B. et al., "Criteria for Evaluating AAA Protocols
for Network Access", RFC 2989, November 2000.

[DYNAUTH] 	Chiba, M., et al., "Dynamic Authorization Extensions to
RADIUS", IETF work in progress.

[RADACCT]   Rigney, C., "RADIUS Accounting", RFC 2866, June 2000.

[RADEXT]   Rigney, C., Willats W., Calhoun P., "RADIUS Extensions", RFC
2869, June 2000.

[TACACS]	Finseth, C., "An Access Control Protocol, Sometimes Called
TACACS", RFC 1492, July 1993.

In Sections 11.12, 11.13, 11.14 (page 129) change the reference from [TCP]
to [IANA].

In section 14.2, change reference to [IPCOMP] from non-normative to
normative. This is referred to with a MAY in Section 9.2 (page 114).



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 10 17:21:50 2002
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Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 13:23:42 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 358: Terminology and Organizational issues
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Issue 358: Terminology and Organizational issues
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
Reference:
Document: BASE-12
Comment type: E
Priority: S
Section: 1.4, 8.2
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

Several terms are not defined in the terminology section, including:

Transaction state
Session state

Quite a few terms are used prior to their definition in Section 1.4, so
that I would recommend that the terminology section (currently 1.4) be
moved up earlier in the document.

I'd also note that I found it very confusing that section 8.2 (Accounting
State machine) occurs prior to Section 9 (Accounting). I'd recommend that
8.2 be moved to Section 9.9 (after definition of the AVPs, including
Accounting-Realtime-Required AVP).



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 10 17:32:52 2002
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Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 13:35:53 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 359: Terminology and Organizational issues
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Issue 359: Terminology and Organizational issues
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
Reference:
Document: BASE-12
Comment type: E
Priority: S
Section: 1.4, 8.2
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

Several terms are not defined in the terminology section, including:

Transaction state
Session state

Quite a few terms are used prior to their definition in Section 1.4, so
that I would recommend that the terminology section (currently 1.4) be
moved up earlier in the document.

I'd also note that I found it very confusing that section 8.2 (Accounting
State machine) occurs prior to Section 9 (Accounting). I'd recommend that
8.2 be moved to Section 9.9 (after definition of the AVPs, including
Accounting-Realtime-Required AVP).



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 10 21:59:59 2002
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Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 18:02:46 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0209101801230.6176-100000@internaut.com>
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Issue 360: Accounting standalone
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
Reference:
Document: BASE-12
Comment type: T
Priority: S
Section: 1, 2, 7.1.3
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

The specification is contradictory on whether the Accounting
functionality of the Diameter base protocol can be used without
a corresponding application (MIP, NASREQ, etc.) For example,
the SIP accounting extension does not include an authentication
application definition, yet makes use of the Base protocol:

(see
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-narayanan-sipping-aaa-diameter-00.txt

Thus, the above specification seems to provide an example of how the
Diameter Accounting can be used by itself, and I would argue that this is to be
encouraged instead of create Yet Another Accounting Protocol (YAAP). The
proposed fix is to adjust the text in the following places to make this clear:

Page 14: Change definition of Diameter Server to the following:

"A Diameter Server is one that handles authentication, authorization and
accounting requests for a particular realm."

Section 2, page 17, first paragraph.

Change the first sentence of the first paragraph to:

"The base Diameter protocol may be used by itself for accounting
applications, but for use in authentication and authorization it is always
extended for a particular application."

Section 7.1.3, Page 81, DIAMETER_UNABLE_TO_DELIVER

Change "no host within the realm was available" to
"no host within the realm supporting the required application was
available"

Page 94, last paragraph

Delete the paragraph starting with "Note that the server side state
machine..."
This paragraph appears to be redundant with the first paragraph of page
93.




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 10 22:03:21 2002
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Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 18:03:22 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 361: Support for TLS compression
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Issue 361: Support for TLS compression
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
Reference:
Document: BASE-12
Comment type: T
Priority: 2
Section: 9.2
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

TLS compression is more efficient than IP compression, since TCP
is stateful. As a result, it makes sense to use TLS compression
where TLS is negotiated and it is desired to reduce the network
bandwidth used for Diameter accounting.

Replace the last paragraph of Section 9.2 with the following:

"Each Diameter Accounting protocol message MAY be compressed, in order
to reduce network bandwidth usage. If IPsec and IKE are used to
secure the Diameter session, then IP compression [IPComp] MAY be used and
IKE [IKE] MAY be used to negotiate the compression parameters. If TLS
is used to secure the Diameter session, then TLS compression [TLS] MAY
be used."



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 10 22:23:46 2002
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Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 18:26:50 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 362: Clarification of Proxy, Relay and Redirect Usage
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Issue 362: Clarification of Proxy, Relay, and Redirect Usage
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
Reference:
Document: BASE-12
Comment type: E
Priority: S
Section: many
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

Throughout the document, the term "proxy" is used when actually it is
intended refer to proxies, relays and redirects. Also, the term "stateful"
is unclear; sometimes this refers to session state, sometimes to
transaction state.

Section 2.8.1, page 24, last paragraph, change to:

"Relays modify Diameter messages by inserting and removing routing
information, but do not modify any other portion of a message.
Relays SHOULD NOT maintain session state but MUST maintain
transaction state."

Section 2.8.2, page 25, third paragraph, change to:

"Proxies that wish to limit resources MUST maintain session state.
All proxies MUST maintain transaction state."

Section 2.8.3, page 27, first paragraph, change to:

"Since Redirect agents do not perform any application level
processing, the provide services for all Diameter applications,
and therefore MUST advertise the Relay Application Identifier."

Page 28, first second and third paragraphs, change to:

"End-to-end security services include confidentiality
and message origin authentication. These services are provided
by supporting AVP integrity and confidentiality between two
peers, communicating through agents.

End-to-end security is provided via the End-to-End security
extension, described in [AAACMS]. The circumstances requiring
the use of end-to-end security are determined by policy on
each of the peers. Security policies, which are not the
subject of standardization, may be applied by next hop
Diameter peer or by destination realm. For example, where
TLS or IPsec transmission-level security is sufficient,
there may be no need for end-to-end security.

End-to-end security policies include:"

Page 30, last paragraph. Change

"The End-to-End Identifier MUST NOT be modified by relay agents"

to:

"The End-to-End Identifier MUST NOT be modified by Diameter agents
of any kind."

Page 49, second to last paragraph:

Change "be sent via proxy/agent" to:
"be sent via a Diameter agent (proxy, redirect or relay)"

Page 68, third paragraph

Change

"Proxiable request messages MUST also contain an
Acct-Application-Id AVP, an Auth-Application-Id AVP or a
Vendor-Specific-Application-Id AVP. A message that MUST NOT
be relayed, proxied or redirect MUST not include..."

To:

"Request messages that may be forwarded by Diameter agents
(proxies, redirects or relays) MUST also contain an
Acct-Application-Id AVP, an Auth-Application-Id AVP or a
Vendor-Specific-Application-Id AVP. A message that MUST NOT
be forwarded by Diameter agents (proxies, redirects or
relays) MUST not include..."

Page 70, Section 6.1.6

Change:

"A Diameter message that is able to be proxied MUST
include..."

to:

"A Diameter message that may be forwarded by Diameter
agents (proxies, redirects or relays) MUST include..."




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 10 22:41:24 2002
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Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 18:44:27 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 366: Vendor-Specific Result AVP
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Issue 366: Vendor-specific Result AVP
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
Reference:
Document: BASE-12
Comment type: T
Priority: S
Section: 7.6
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

It would appear that this AVP was created for use with
Vendor-specific Commands which are no longer supported
in the protocol. Should this be renamed to
"Experimental Result AVP" with the appropriate changes in text?




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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 364: Revised Introduction & Abstract
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Issue 364: Revised Introduction & Abstract
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
Reference:
Document: BASE-12
Comment type: E
Priority: 1
Section: Abstract, 1
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

This issue represents an effort to improve the readability and
completeness of the Introductory section. Comments welcome.
Complete text is included in:

http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/AAA/issues.html#Issue 364



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 10 22:49:22 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 363: IANA Considerations Issues
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Issue 363: IANA Considerations Issues
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
Reference:
Document: BASE-12
Comment type: T
Priority: S
Section: 11
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

The IANA considerations section lacks some boilerplate. Also, as I recall,
the agreement with the IESG was that standard AVP codes would be allocated
via "Expert Review with Specification Required", and I would also
recommend this for non-vendor specific application IDs.

Change Section 11 to the following:

"This section provides guidance to the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority
(IANA) regarding registration of values related to the Diameter protocol,
in accordance with BCP 26 [IANA].

The following policies are used here with the meanings defined in BCP 26:
"Private Use", "First Come First Served", "Expert Review",
"Specification Required", IETF Consensus", "Standards Action".

This section explains the criteria to be used by the IANA for assignment
of numbers within namespaces defined within this document.

Diameter is not intended as a general purpose protocol, and allocations
SHOULD NOT be made for purposes unrelated to authentication, authorization
or accounting. For registration requests where a Designated Expert should
be consulted, the responsible IESG area director should appoint the
Designated Expert.

For registration requests requiring Expert Review, the AAA mailing list
should be consulted."

Section 11.1.1 AVP Code

Change the last sentence of the first paragraph to:

"AVP Codes 0-254 are managed separtely as RADIUS Attribute Types
[RADTYPE], while the remaining namespace is available for assignmetn via
Expert Review with Specification Required [IANA]."

Section 11.2.1, second to last paragraph, last sentence.

Change to: "The range of values will have a limited lifetime, and will
eventually be reallocated within a range available for standardization."

Change "guarentee" to "guarantee"

Section 11.3 Application Identifiers

Second paragraph, add the following sentence:

"Assignment of standards-track application IDs are by Expert Review with
Specification Required [IANA]."



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 02:05:26 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 358: Issues with references
Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2002 09:06:41 +0300
Message-ID: <0C1353ABB1DEB74DB067ADFF749C4EEF015A54BE@esebe004.ntc.nokia.com>
Thread-Topic: [AAA-WG]: Issue 358: Issues with references
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From: <john.loughney@nokia.com>
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Hi Bernard,

Can do.

John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Bernard Aboba [mailto:aboba@internaut.com]
> Sent: 10 September, 2002 23:15
> To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 358: Issues with references
> 
> 
> Issue 358: Issues with references
> Submitter: Bernard Aboba
> Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
> Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
> Reference:
> Document: BASE-12
> Comment type: E
> Priority: 1
> Section: 14.2 and others
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> 
> Add the following non-normative references to section 14.2:
> 
> [AAAREQ] Aboba, B. et al., "Criteria for Evaluating AAA Protocols
> for Network Access", RFC 2989, November 2000.
> 
> [DYNAUTH] 	Chiba, M., et al., "Dynamic Authorization Extensions to
> RADIUS", IETF work in progress.
> 
> [RADACCT]   Rigney, C., "RADIUS Accounting", RFC 2866, June 2000.
> 
> [RADEXT]   Rigney, C., Willats W., Calhoun P., "RADIUS 
> Extensions", RFC
> 2869, June 2000.
> 
> [TACACS]	Finseth, C., "An Access Control Protocol, 
> Sometimes Called
> TACACS", RFC 1492, July 1993.
> 
> In Sections 11.12, 11.13, 11.14 (page 129) change the 
> reference from [TCP]
> to [IANA].
> 
> In section 14.2, change reference to [IPCOMP] from non-normative to
> normative. This is referred to with a MAY in Section 9.2 (page 114).
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 02:12:18 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 361: Support for TLS compression
Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2002 09:13:38 +0300
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Hi Bernard,

Good point.  This should be added.

John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Bernard Aboba [mailto:aboba@internaut.com]
> Sent: 11 September, 2002 04:03
> To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 361: Support for TLS compression
> 
> 
> Issue 361: Support for TLS compression
> Submitter: Bernard Aboba
> Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
> Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
> Reference:
> Document: BASE-12
> Comment type: T
> Priority: 2
> Section: 9.2
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> 
> TLS compression is more efficient than IP compression, since TCP
> is stateful. As a result, it makes sense to use TLS compression
> where TLS is negotiated and it is desired to reduce the network
> bandwidth used for Diameter accounting.
> 
> Replace the last paragraph of Section 9.2 with the following:
> 
> "Each Diameter Accounting protocol message MAY be compressed, in order
> to reduce network bandwidth usage. If IPsec and IKE are used to
> secure the Diameter session, then IP compression [IPComp] MAY 
> be used and
> IKE [IKE] MAY be used to negotiate the compression parameters. If TLS
> is used to secure the Diameter session, then TLS compression [TLS] MAY
> be used."
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 02:26:06 2002
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Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 22:29:07 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: REMINDER: AAA WG last call on draft-ietf-aaa-diameter-mobileip-12.txt
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There is an ongoing AAA WG last call on the document "Diameter
Mobile IPv4 Application", which is a standards track document, to be found
at:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-aaa-diameter-mobileip-12.txt

Please email your issues to the authors, with a cc: to the AAA WG mailing
list, prior to the conclusion of AAA WG last call on September 15, 2002.

The format required for issue submissions (and a list of the
currently open and previously resolved issues) can be found at:

http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/AAA/issues.html




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 02:27:10 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 364: Revised Introduction & Abstract
Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2002 09:28:26 +0300
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To: <aboba@internaut.com>, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
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Hi Bernard,

> This issue represents an effort to improve the readability and
> completeness of the Introductory section. Comments welcome.
> Complete text is included in:
> 
> http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/AAA/issues.html#Issue 364

I agree with the text you have proposed, I think it should be included
in version 14.  One small nit, you did not include section 1.1.1 in 
your text - should this section stay as is, or should it be deleted?

John


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 02:33:01 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: john.loughney@nokia.com
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 364: Revised Introduction & Abstract
In-Reply-To: <0C1353ABB1DEB74DB067ADFF749C4EEF015A54C0@esebe004.ntc.nokia.com>
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> I agree with the text you have proposed, I think it should be included
> in version 14.  One small nit, you did not include section 1.1.1 in
> your text - should this section stay as is, or should it be deleted?

The material that was in section 1.1.1 is now the major topic of section 1
(how Diameter is different/better than RADIUS), so it seemed redundant.
My recommendation is to delete it.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 02:33:28 2002
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Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base update)
Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2002 09:34:47 +0300
Message-ID: <0C1353ABB1DEB74DB067ADFF749C4EEFD38F13@esebe004.ntc.nokia.com>
Thread-Topic: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base update)
Thread-Index: AcJY1UUDS39bcbPTR+KOEhsLqUv72gAh0gaA
From: <john.loughney@nokia.com>
To: <mccap@lucent.com>, <aboba@internaut.com>
Cc: <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
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Hi Pete & Bernard,

This discussion is opening a can of worms, in my opinion - and I'm
not so sure we're quite ready to fish (just to mix some metaphors!)

The can of worms is this: what is a Diameter application (not just
accounting).  This is a rather simple question, but there are a lot
of issues behind it. I'd like to avoid, at present, issues about
'typing' of Diameter applications, as I think we don't yet have 
enough experience with them.  I am sure we could device a rather
complex system which would inform peers about the different
applications - what type, suggested compatability, etc. - but I am
not entirely sure that this complexity would be useful.

Perhaps some sort of additional application negotiation mechanism could
be added as an extension to the Diameter base, which would help.  However,
I think this could / should be done after we get the Base out the door.

John
> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Pete McCann [mailto:mccap@lucent.com]
> Sent: 10 September, 2002 17:20
> To: Bernard Aboba
> Cc: Loughney John (NRC/Helsinki); aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base
> update)
> 
> 
> 
> Bernard Aboba writes:
>  > It is conceivable that someone could come up
>  > with an accounting application that required a new command, no?
> 
> Maybe we should say that's not an accounting application.  Or rather,
> if it still used ACR/ACA, that part would be accounting, but the new
> command would be an authorization application.
> 
>  > > Would that work?
>  > 
>  > 99% of the time, I think it would. But I'm curious as to 
> how we would
>  > handle the other 1%.
> 
> We currently don't have any formal definition of what an accounting
> application is, so let's just define the problem away by saying that
> *only* ACR/ACA can be a part of an accounting application, and
> anything else is part of the corresponding authorization application.
> If an application doesn't use ACR/ACA, then it's not an accounting
> application.  If it uses ACR/ACA + some other commands, then only the
> ACR/ACA part is the accounting, but the other commands are
> authorization.  You could always advertise support for each one
> separately in CER/CEA, or advertise as an accounting relay to say you
> support all applications' ACR/ACA commands but nothing else.
> 
> -Pete
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 02:34:26 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 364: Revised Introduction & Abstract
Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2002 09:34:58 +0300
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From: <john.loughney@nokia.com>
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Hi Bernard,

> > I agree with the text you have proposed, I think it should 
> be included
> > in version 14.  One small nit, you did not include section 1.1.1 in
> > your text - should this section stay as is, or should it be deleted?
> 
> The material that was in section 1.1.1 is now the major topic of section 1
> (how Diameter is different/better than RADIUS), so it seemed redundant.
> My recommendation is to delete it.

That's OK with me, I'll just renumber then.

John


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 02:37:07 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 356: Security issues with TLS up-negotiation
Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2002 09:38:24 +0300
Message-ID: <0C1353ABB1DEB74DB067ADFF749C4EEF015A54C3@esebe004.ntc.nokia.com>
Thread-Topic: [AAA-WG]: Issue 356: Security issues with TLS up-negotiation
Thread-Index: AcJYzTaK1+/e5Xu5TT6XCqw0v7O51AAkIXrw
From: <john.loughney@nokia.com>
To: <aboba@internaut.com>, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
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Hi Bernard,

> Issue 356: Security issues with TLS up-negotiation
> Submitter: Bernard Aboba
> Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
> Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
> Reference:
> Document: BASE-12
> Comment type: T
> Priority: S
> Section: 5.6
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> 
> "For TLS usage, a TLS handshake will begin when both ends
> are in the open state. If the TLS handshake is successful,
> all further messages will be sent via TLS. If the handshake
> fails, both ends move to the closed state."
> 
> Unfortunately, this model of TLS up-negotiation depends on
> the Diameter connection being brought up without any security,
> followed by an exchange of CER/CEA (including the security
> model) in the clear.
> 
> The Inband-Security-ID AVP includes a value of NO_INBAND_SECURITY,
> and nothing in the specification requires that a value of TLS
> MUST be exchanged by the peers if the connection is not protected
> by IPsec.
> 
> So it would appear legal for the Diameter connection to reach the
> open state after negotiation of NO_INBAND_SECURITY.

Good catch.  I'll add this.

John
 
> To fix this, add the following text to section 13, first paragraph:
> 
> "Diameter clients, such as Network Access Servers (NASes) and Mobility
> Agents MUST support IP Security [SECARCH] and MAY support TLS [TLS].
> Diameter servers MUST support TLS and IPsec. Diameter implementations
> MUST use transmission-level security of some kind (IPsec or TLS) on
> each connection.
> 
> If a Diameter connection is not protected by IPsec,
> then the CER/CEA exchange MUST include an Inband-Security-ID AVP
> with a vaue of TLS. For TLS usage, a TLS handshake will begin 
> when both
> ends
> are in the open state, after completion of the CER/CEA exchange.
> If the TLS handshake is successful, all further messages will
> be sent via TLS. If the handshake fails, both ends move to the
> closed state.
> 
> It is suggested that IPsec be used primarily at the edges for
> intra-domain exchanges. For NAS devices without certificate support,
> pre-shared keys can be used between the NAS and a local AAA proxy.
> 
> For protection of inter-domain exchanges, TLS is recommended. See
> sections 13.1 and 13.2 for more details on IPsec and TLS usage."
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 02:38:47 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 363: IANA Considerations Issues
Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2002 09:40:05 +0300
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Thread-Topic: [AAA-WG]: Issue 363: IANA Considerations Issues
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From: <john.loughney@nokia.com>
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Hi Bernard,

I agree with your suggestions here.  If anyone has specific issues
with the text Bernard proposes, then please suggest what, in your
opinion, should be added.

John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Bernard Aboba [mailto:aboba@internaut.com]
> Sent: 11 September, 2002 04:50
> To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 363: IANA Considerations Issues
> 
> 
> Issue 363: IANA Considerations Issues
> Submitter: Bernard Aboba
> Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
> Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
> Reference:
> Document: BASE-12
> Comment type: T
> Priority: S
> Section: 11
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> 
> The IANA considerations section lacks some boilerplate. Also, 
> as I recall,
> the agreement with the IESG was that standard AVP codes would 
> be allocated
> via "Expert Review with Specification Required", and I would also
> recommend this for non-vendor specific application IDs.
> 
> Change Section 11 to the following:
> 
> "This section provides guidance to the Internet Assigned 
> Numbers Authority
> (IANA) regarding registration of values related to the 
> Diameter protocol,
> in accordance with BCP 26 [IANA].
> 
> The following policies are used here with the meanings 
> defined in BCP 26:
> "Private Use", "First Come First Served", "Expert Review",
> "Specification Required", IETF Consensus", "Standards Action".
> 
> This section explains the criteria to be used by the IANA for 
> assignment
> of numbers within namespaces defined within this document.
> 
> Diameter is not intended as a general purpose protocol, and 
> allocations
> SHOULD NOT be made for purposes unrelated to authentication, 
> authorization
> or accounting. For registration requests where a Designated 
> Expert should
> be consulted, the responsible IESG area director should appoint the
> Designated Expert.
> 
> For registration requests requiring Expert Review, the AAA 
> mailing list
> should be consulted."
> 
> Section 11.1.1 AVP Code
> 
> Change the last sentence of the first paragraph to:
> 
> "AVP Codes 0-254 are managed separtely as RADIUS Attribute Types
> [RADTYPE], while the remaining namespace is available for 
> assignmetn via
> Expert Review with Specification Required [IANA]."
> 
> Section 11.2.1, second to last paragraph, last sentence.
> 
> Change to: "The range of values will have a limited lifetime, and will
> eventually be reallocated within a range available for 
> standardization."
> 
> Change "guarentee" to "guarantee"
> 
> Section 11.3 Application Identifiers
> 
> Second paragraph, add the following sentence:
> 
> "Assignment of standards-track application IDs are by Expert 
> Review with
> Specification Required [IANA]."
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 03:41:08 2002
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From: haenamu@etri.re.kr
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Why remove Auth-Grace-Period AVP at AMR/AMR.
Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2002 16:40:25 +0900
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from diameter-moibleip-11, 
Diameter messages(AMR/AMA/HAR) don't include Auth-Grace-Period AVP.

i failed to find the reason at the previous mails.
Let me know why, please....

thanks in advance.

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<TITLE>Why remove Auth-Grace-Period AVP at AMR/AMR.</TITLE>
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<P><FONT SIZE=2>from diameter-moibleip-11, </FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>Diameter messages(AMR/AMA/HAR) don't include Auth-Grace-Period AVP.</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>i failed to find the reason at the previous mails.</FONT>
<BR><FONT SIZE=2>Let me know why, please....</FONT>
</P>

<P><FONT SIZE=2>thanks in advance.</FONT>
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From: "Harri Hakala (LMF)" <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>
To: "'Bernard Aboba'" <aboba@internaut.com>, aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2002 09:45:05 +0200
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Hi,

If the Accounting functionality of the Diameter base protocol
can be used without a corresponding application, which would be
good, what application id should a Diameter accounting client
advertise during the capabilities exchange phase and when sending
Accounting Request command ? Relay application Id ?

Regards........Harri

-----Original Message-----
From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:aboba@internaut.com]
Sent: 11. syyskuuta 2002 4:03
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone


Issue 360: Accounting standalone
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
Reference:
Document: BASE-12
Comment type: T
Priority: S
Section: 1, 2, 7.1.3
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

The specification is contradictory on whether the Accounting
functionality of the Diameter base protocol can be used without
a corresponding application (MIP, NASREQ, etc.) For example,
the SIP accounting extension does not include an authentication
application definition, yet makes use of the Base protocol:

(see
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-narayanan-sipping-aaa-diameter-00.txt

Thus, the above specification seems to provide an example of how the
Diameter Accounting can be used by itself, and I would argue that this is to be
encouraged instead of create Yet Another Accounting Protocol (YAAP). The
proposed fix is to adjust the text in the following places to make this clear:

Page 14: Change definition of Diameter Server to the following:

"A Diameter Server is one that handles authentication, authorization and
accounting requests for a particular realm."

Section 2, page 17, first paragraph.

Change the first sentence of the first paragraph to:

"The base Diameter protocol may be used by itself for accounting
applications, but for use in authentication and authorization it is always
extended for a particular application."

Section 7.1.3, Page 81, DIAMETER_UNABLE_TO_DELIVER

Change "no host within the realm was available" to
"no host within the realm supporting the required application was
available"

Page 94, last paragraph

Delete the paragraph starting with "Note that the server side state
machine..."
This paragraph appears to be redundant with the first paragraph of page
93.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 04:03:47 2002
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Subject: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Draft 12 : Vendor-Specific-Application-Id AVP
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As per section 6.11 of diameter draft 12:

6.11  Vendor-Specific-Application-Id AVP

   The Vendor-Specific-Application-Id AVP (AVP Code 260) is of type
   Grouped and is used to advertise support of a vendor-specific
   Diameter Application. Exactly one of the Auth-Application-Id and
   Acct-Application-Id AVPs MAY be present.

   This AVP MUST also be present as the first AVP in all experimental
   commands defined in the vendor-specific application.

   This AVP SHOULD be placed as close to the Diameter header as
   possible.

   AVP Format

      <Vendor-Specific-Application-Id> ::= < AVP Header: 260 >
                                        1* [ Vendor-Id ]
                                        0*1{ Auth-Application-Id }
                                        0*1{ Acct-Application-Id }




Why are multiple occurences of Vendor-Id AVP required?

Since an application is vendor specific, the number of different applications in
this case comes out to be equal to the number of Vendor-Id AVPs present.

But shouldn't this AVP represent only one vendor specific application id as one
message can be of relevance to only one specific application?

-Ankit


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From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 08:34:24 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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Hi Harri,

> If the Accounting functionality of the Diameter base protocol
> can be used without a corresponding application, which would be
> good, what application id should a Diameter accounting client
> advertise during the capabilities exchange phase and when sending
> Accounting Request command ? Relay application Id ?

Should we allocate an application id for base accounting application?

John


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 09:39:15 2002
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From: "Harri Hakala (LMF)" <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>
To: "'john.loughney@nokia.com'" <john.loughney@nokia.com>, aboba@internaut.com,
        aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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If we want to say that the base Diameter protocol
may be used by itself for accounting applications,
then we need application Id for it.

I think that we are back to issue 196.

/ Harri


-----Original Message-----
From: john.loughney@nokia.com [mailto:john.loughney@nokia.com]
Sent: 11. syyskuuta 2002 15:36
To: Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se; aboba@internaut.com; aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone


Hi Harri,

> If the Accounting functionality of the Diameter base protocol
> can be used without a corresponding application, which would be
> good, what application id should a Diameter accounting client
> advertise during the capabilities exchange phase and when sending
> Accounting Request command ? Relay application Id ?

Should we allocate an application id for base accounting application?

John


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 11:08:20 2002
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From: Pete McCann <mccap@lucent.com>
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Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base update)
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Hi, John,

I see your point.

Why don't we just delete the paragraph that talks about disk-writing
accounting servers.  I think if we are going to allocate a new
Application ID specifically for base-accounting, that should take care
of most kinds of disk-writing accounting servers: they can advertise
support for base accounting and nothing else.  If someone really felt
the need to invent a new Application ID for an accounting application,
it is probably (hopefully) because some new functionality was added
that would make the application incompatible with those simple
disk-writing servers anyway.

-Pete

john.loughney@nokia.com writes:
 > Hi Pete & Bernard,
 > 
 > This discussion is opening a can of worms, in my opinion - and I'm
 > not so sure we're quite ready to fish (just to mix some metaphors!)
 > 
 > The can of worms is this: what is a Diameter application (not just
 > accounting).  This is a rather simple question, but there are a lot
 > of issues behind it. I'd like to avoid, at present, issues about
 > 'typing' of Diameter applications, as I think we don't yet have 
 > enough experience with them.  I am sure we could device a rather
 > complex system which would inform peers about the different
 > applications - what type, suggested compatability, etc. - but I am
 > not entirely sure that this complexity would be useful.
 > 
 > Perhaps some sort of additional application negotiation mechanism could
 > be added as an extension to the Diameter base, which would help.  However,
 > I think this could / should be done after we get the Base out the door.
 > 
 > John
 > > -----Original Message-----
 > > From: ext Pete McCann [mailto:mccap@lucent.com]
 > > Sent: 10 September, 2002 17:20
 > > To: Bernard Aboba
 > > Cc: Loughney John (NRC/Helsinki); aaa-wg@merit.edu
 > > Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base
 > > update)
 > > 
 > > 
 > > 
 > > Bernard Aboba writes:
 > >  > It is conceivable that someone could come up
 > >  > with an accounting application that required a new command, no?
 > > 
 > > Maybe we should say that's not an accounting application.  Or rather,
 > > if it still used ACR/ACA, that part would be accounting, but the new
 > > command would be an authorization application.
 > > 
 > >  > > Would that work?
 > >  > 
 > >  > 99% of the time, I think it would. But I'm curious as to 
 > > how we would
 > >  > handle the other 1%.
 > > 
 > > We currently don't have any formal definition of what an accounting
 > > application is, so let's just define the problem away by saying that
 > > *only* ACR/ACA can be a part of an accounting application, and
 > > anything else is part of the corresponding authorization application.
 > > If an application doesn't use ACR/ACA, then it's not an accounting
 > > application.  If it uses ACR/ACA + some other commands, then only the
 > > ACR/ACA part is the accounting, but the other commands are
 > > authorization.  You could always advertise support for each one
 > > separately in CER/CEA, or advertise as an accounting relay to say you
 > > support all applications' ACR/ACA commands but nothing else.
 > > 
 > > -Pete
 > > 
 > > 



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 11:11:40 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: "Harri Hakala (LMF)" <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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> If the Accounting functionality of the Diameter base protocol
> can be used without a corresponding application, which would be
> good, what application id should a Diameter accounting client
> advertise during the capabilities exchange phase and when sending
> Accounting Request command ? Relay application Id ?

Since Accounting support is required on both Diameter clients and servers,
if the client only wanted to do accounting and nothing else, since there
is no application id for accounting (not clear why this is, really), then
it would not offer any application id. The server would offer the
applications it supports -- and the CER/CEA negotiation would succeed, no?




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 11:17:57 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: john.loughney@nokia.com
Cc: Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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> Hi Harri,
>
> > If the Accounting functionality of the Diameter base protocol
> > can be used without a corresponding application, which would be
> > good, what application id should a Diameter accounting client
> > advertise during the capabilities exchange phase and when sending
> > Accounting Request command ? Relay application Id ?
>
> Should we allocate an application id for base accounting application?

Makes sense to me. In fact, I might suggest that we allocate two:

  - One that indicates "I support Diameter Base Accounting"

  - One that indicates "I support any application using ACR/ACA"

Diameter peers MUST advertise one of these accounting application IDs.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 11:18:29 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: Pete McCann <mccap@lucent.com>
Cc: john.loughney@nokia.com, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base update)
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> If someone really felt
> the need to invent a new Application ID for an accounting application,
> it is probably (hopefully) because some new functionality was added
> that would make the application incompatible with those simple
> disk-writing servers anyway.
>

That's the rub. If a new accounting application *required* a new command
(not just mandatory AVPs), then there'd be no problem. But it's also
possible to create a new accounting application that uses ACR/ACA, but
just adds some mandatory AVPs.





From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 11:19:55 2002
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Bernard Aboba writes:
 > > If the Accounting functionality of the Diameter base protocol
 > > can be used without a corresponding application, which would be
 > > good, what application id should a Diameter accounting client
 > > advertise during the capabilities exchange phase and when sending
 > > Accounting Request command ? Relay application Id ?
 > 
 > Since Accounting support is required on both Diameter clients and servers,
 > if the client only wanted to do accounting and nothing else, since there
 > is no application id for accounting (not clear why this is, really), then
 > it would not offer any application id. The server would offer the
 > applications it supports -- and the CER/CEA negotiation would succeed, no?

But the question was about the header of the ACR/ACA messages during
actual operation of the accounting protocol, not pre-negotiation in
CER/CEA.  What application ID goes there?

-Pete



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 11:36:31 2002
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From: Pete McCann <mccap@lucent.com>
To: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
Cc: john.loughney@nokia.com, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base update)
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Bernard Aboba writes:
 > > If someone really felt
 > > the need to invent a new Application ID for an accounting application,
 > > it is probably (hopefully) because some new functionality was added
 > > that would make the application incompatible with those simple
 > > disk-writing servers anyway.
 > 
 > That's the rub. If a new accounting application *required* a new command
 > (not just mandatory AVPs), then there'd be no problem. But it's also
 > possible to create a new accounting application that uses ACR/ACA, but
 > just adds some mandatory AVPs.

Right, it's possible, but as I understand it, not required.  If you
get a new ID, you just won't be able to take advantage of
already-deployed "disk-writing" accounting servers.  That's the
disincentive for people to request the new Application ID.  If someone
does so anyway, it's their own fault, and they get what they deserve.
Or rather, we assume they know what they're doing, and those mandatory
AVPs are so important that they are willing to break backwards
compatibility with those disk-writers.

-Pete



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 11:37:13 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2002 18:38:18 +0300
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From: <marco.stura@nokia.com>
To: <aboba@internaut.com>, <john.loughney@nokia.com>
Cc: <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
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Hi,

it sounds good proposal to allocate this kind of accounting application Id.
But why would you need two? one that indicate "I support Diameter Base
Accounting and any application using only ACR/ACA" is not enough?

Disk-writing accounting server can just advertise this application id.

Br
Marco

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Bernard Aboba [mailto:aboba@internaut.com]
> Sent: 11. September 2002 17:18
> To: Loughney John (NRC/Helsinki)
> Cc: Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se; aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
> 
> 
> > Hi Harri,
> >
> > > If the Accounting functionality of the Diameter base protocol
> > > can be used without a corresponding application, which would be
> > > good, what application id should a Diameter accounting client
> > > advertise during the capabilities exchange phase and when sending
> > > Accounting Request command ? Relay application Id ?
> >
> > Should we allocate an application id for base accounting 
> application?
> 
> Makes sense to me. In fact, I might suggest that we allocate two:
> 
>   - One that indicates "I support Diameter Base Accounting"
> 
>   - One that indicates "I support any application using ACR/ACA"
> 
> Diameter peers MUST advertise one of these accounting application IDs.
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 11:47:47 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: Pete McCann <mccap@lucent.com>
Cc: john.loughney@nokia.com, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base update)
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> If you get a new ID, you just won't be able to take advantage of
> already-deployed "disk-writing" accounting servers.  That's the
> disincentive for people to request the new Application ID.

Unfortunately, application developers don't seem to be perceiving that as
a "disincentive": so far most accounting applications seem to want an
application ID, even if they don't need one (The SIP accounting draft is
one example).

I'd hate for this to imply that only Diameter clients and servers from the
same vendor will be likely to work together, but in practice that's what
might happen.




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 11:59:55 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: marco.stura@nokia.com
Cc: john.loughney@nokia.com, <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>,
        <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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> it sounds good proposal to allocate this kind of accounting application Id.
> But why would you need two? one that indicate "I support Diameter Base
> Accounting and any application using only ACR/ACA" is not enough?

Let's look at three cases.

Suppose Accounting server advertises "any application
using only ACR/ACA". Accounting client advertises their application ID,
which the accounting server might not understand, as well as "any
application using only ACR/ACA". Negotiation succeeds.

Accounting client now sends an ACR command with their application ID,
perhaps some new mandatory AVPs. Accounting server will only look at the
ACR, ignore the application ID (since can handle any application ID with
ACR), and responds with an ACA with that application ID.

Seems to work fine.

Now what if the accounting server doesn't support "any app with ACR/ACA"?

Accounting server advertises no application ID (implying that it does
basic accounting only). Accounting client advertises the new application
ID, plus "any application using only ACR/ACA". Negotiation fails.

The last case is if both client and server only do basic accounting. Both
will advertise no application ID in CER/CEA, and negotiation will succeed.
But then the issue is what application goes in the header, along with
ACR/ACA.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 12:35:46 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2002 19:37:03 +0300
Message-ID: <142DC466081D9B409AAD1DDCA4B21E1D9E42F0@esebe016.ntc.nokia.com>
Thread-Topic: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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From: <marco.stura@nokia.com>
To: <aboba@internaut.com>
Cc: <john.loughney@nokia.com>, <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>,
        <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
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OK, then it seems we need two accounting application Id.

However,
A disk-writing accounting server is probably just storing AVPs to the
disk, later on it will send the AVPs to a postprocessing system (e.g.
billing system)that may understand this information to create the bill.
This does not mean tha such accounting server can handle any application
using only ACR/ACA.

For example, you might have prepaid accounting application that make only 
use of ACR/ACA. When the server receive ACR would need to reserve money from
some account, calculate the quota and send back the calculated quota to the client.
This is "any application using only ACR/ACA", but clearly a disk-writing
accounting server cannot handle this application.

Perhaps it is still better to delete the "disk-writing" text as originally
proposed by Pete.

Br
Marco

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Bernard Aboba [mailto:aboba@internaut.com]
> Sent: 11. September 2002 18:00
> To: Stura Marco (NET/Helsinki)
> Cc: Loughney John (NRC/Helsinki); Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se;
> aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
> 
> 
> > it sounds good proposal to allocate this kind of accounting 
> application Id.
> > But why would you need two? one that indicate "I support 
> Diameter Base
> > Accounting and any application using only ACR/ACA" is not enough?
> 
> Let's look at three cases.
> 
> Suppose Accounting server advertises "any application
> using only ACR/ACA". Accounting client advertises their 
> application ID,
> which the accounting server might not understand, as well as "any
> application using only ACR/ACA". Negotiation succeeds.
> 
> Accounting client now sends an ACR command with their application ID,
> perhaps some new mandatory AVPs. Accounting server will only 
> look at the
> ACR, ignore the application ID (since can handle any 
> application ID with
> ACR), and responds with an ACA with that application ID.
> 
> Seems to work fine.
> 
> Now what if the accounting server doesn't support "any app 
> with ACR/ACA"?
> 
> Accounting server advertises no application ID (implying that it does
> basic accounting only). Accounting client advertises the new 
> application
> ID, plus "any application using only ACR/ACA". Negotiation fails.
> 
> The last case is if both client and server only do basic 
> accounting. Both
> will advertise no application ID in CER/CEA, and negotiation 
> will succeed.
> But then the issue is what application goes in the header, along with
> ACR/ACA.
> 
> 


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Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2002 12:45:58 -0400
To: Pete McCann <mccap@lucent.com>
Cc: john.loughney@nokia.com, aboba@internaut.com, aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: Re: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base update)
Message-ID: <20020911164558.GB641@catfish>
References: <0C1353ABB1DEB74DB067ADFF749C4EEFD38F13@esebe004.ntc.nokia.com> <15743.23664.335850.231704@gargle.gargle.HOWL>
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On Wed, Sep 11, 2002 at 10:08:32AM -0500, Pete McCann wrote:
> 
> Hi, John,
> 
> I see your point.
> 
> Why don't we just delete the paragraph that talks about disk-writing
> accounting servers.  

Or more explanation for "disk-writing" accounting would be necessary.
It is difficult to follow the discussion without knowing what the
"disk-writing" accounting actually does and why the "disk-writing"
accounting is important.

Yoshihiro Ohba


> I think if we are going to allocate a new
> Application ID specifically for base-accounting, that should take care
> of most kinds of disk-writing accounting servers: they can advertise
> support for base accounting and nothing else.  If someone really felt
> the need to invent a new Application ID for an accounting application,
> it is probably (hopefully) because some new functionality was added
> that would make the application incompatible with those simple
> disk-writing servers anyway.



> 
> -Pete
> 
> john.loughney@nokia.com writes:
>  > Hi Pete & Bernard,
>  > 
>  > This discussion is opening a can of worms, in my opinion - and I'm
>  > not so sure we're quite ready to fish (just to mix some metaphors!)
>  > 
>  > The can of worms is this: what is a Diameter application (not just
>  > accounting).  This is a rather simple question, but there are a lot
>  > of issues behind it. I'd like to avoid, at present, issues about
>  > 'typing' of Diameter applications, as I think we don't yet have 
>  > enough experience with them.  I am sure we could device a rather
>  > complex system which would inform peers about the different
>  > applications - what type, suggested compatability, etc. - but I am
>  > not entirely sure that this complexity would be useful.
>  > 
>  > Perhaps some sort of additional application negotiation mechanism could
>  > be added as an extension to the Diameter base, which would help.  However,
>  > I think this could / should be done after we get the Base out the door.
>  > 
>  > John
>  > > -----Original Message-----
>  > > From: ext Pete McCann [mailto:mccap@lucent.com]
>  > > Sent: 10 September, 2002 17:20
>  > > To: Bernard Aboba
>  > > Cc: Loughney John (NRC/Helsinki); aaa-wg@merit.edu
>  > > Subject: RE: Comments on base-12 (was RE: [AAA-WG]: Diameter Base
>  > > update)
>  > > 
>  > > 
>  > > 
>  > > Bernard Aboba writes:
>  > >  > It is conceivable that someone could come up
>  > >  > with an accounting application that required a new command, no?
>  > > 
>  > > Maybe we should say that's not an accounting application.  Or rather,
>  > > if it still used ACR/ACA, that part would be accounting, but the new
>  > > command would be an authorization application.
>  > > 
>  > >  > > Would that work?
>  > >  > 
>  > >  > 99% of the time, I think it would. But I'm curious as to 
>  > > how we would
>  > >  > handle the other 1%.
>  > > 
>  > > We currently don't have any formal definition of what an accounting
>  > > application is, so let's just define the problem away by saying that
>  > > *only* ACR/ACA can be a part of an accounting application, and
>  > > anything else is part of the corresponding authorization application.
>  > > If an application doesn't use ACR/ACA, then it's not an accounting
>  > > application.  If it uses ACR/ACA + some other commands, then only the
>  > > ACR/ACA part is the accounting, but the other commands are
>  > > authorization.  You could always advertise support for each one
>  > > separately in CER/CEA, or advertise as an accounting relay to say you
>  > > support all applications' ACR/ACA commands but nothing else.
>  > > 
>  > > -Pete
>  > > 
>  > > 
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 13:17:41 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: marco.stura@nokia.com
Cc: john.loughney@nokia.com, <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>,
        <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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> However,
> A disk-writing accounting server is probably just storing AVPs to the
> disk, later on it will send the AVPs to a postprocessing system (e.g.
> billing system)that may understand this information to create the bill.
> This does not mean tha such accounting server can handle any application
> using only ACR/ACA.

That's a fair statement. I think you are saying that in an accounting
command, the "M" bit in an AVP means "this AVP *must* be understood by the
backend billing system", not necessarily "this AVP *must* be understood by
the accounting server."

Note that this is *not* the same thing as saying that the AVP is required
by the ABNF in the accounting application definition. It is possible for
the ABNF to require inclusion of an AVP without the "M" bit set.

The implication is that AVPs marked with the "M" bit for authentication
would not necessarily have this bit marked for use within an accounting
command. For example, it might be important that the NAS implement a
special filtering AVP, (set "M" in the authentication), but that might be
irrelevant for accounting purposes (NAS doesn't set "M" bit in the ACR).

If we can guarantee that the "M" bit is set this way in accounting AVPs,
I'm not clear why you'd need a new accounting application unless
a new command is being defined. You just let the Accounting server
advertise the standard accounting command; if you send it mandatory AVPs
it doesn't understand, it will send you an error message.

> Perhaps it is still better to delete the "disk-writing" text as originally
> proposed by Pete.

This could work, provided that the above issues with the "M" bit and
accounting application id allocation are worked through.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 13:21:26 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Cc: Pete McCann <mccap@lucent.com>, <john.loughney@nokia.com>,
        <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
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> Or more explanation for "disk-writing" accounting would be necessary.
> It is difficult to follow the discussion without knowing what the
> "disk-writing" accounting actually does and why the "disk-writing"
> accounting is important.

The issue is inclusion of additional AVPs in accounting applications which
do not have to be understood by the backend billing system. Such AVPs
may be required to be included by the accounting application (e.g. mandatory
within the ABNF), but if they don't change the customer bill, then they
don't need to be marked with the "M" bit in an accounting command. This is
true even if the "M" bit would be set on that same AVP within an
authentication command.

Thus, an AVP can have the "M" bit set for authentication, but not have it set for accounting.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 13:53:21 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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From: <marco.stura@nokia.com>
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Hi Bernard,

I think you fully missunderstood my point, I don't know where in my
mail you read the "fair statement" you speak about.
I'm not discussing AVP with M bit set at all, I'm arguing that 
disk-writing accounting server cannot handle "any accounting
application that only use ACR/ACA" as they probably just store
say accounting information, may be it's more clear, that may be used
by other systems to create the bill.

There was also a clear example that you didn't comment at all

"For example, you might have prepaid accounting application that make only 
use of ACR/ACA. When the server receive ACR would need to reserve money from
some account, calculate the quota and send back the calculated quota to the client.
This is "any application using only ACR/ACA", but clearly a disk-writing
accounting server cannot handle this application."

This is one good reason to remove the disk-writing text.

Moreover, Here I was refferring to AVP required in the accounting application
definition that trigger some specific server action necessary to support
the requested service (one example is prepaid). 
How would you differentiate this kind of application if not with an accounting 
application id?

Br
Marco

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Bernard Aboba [mailto:aboba@internaut.com]
> Sent: 11. September 2002 19:17
> To: Stura Marco (NET/Helsinki)
> Cc: Loughney John (NRC/Helsinki); Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se;
> aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
> 
> 
> > However,
> > A disk-writing accounting server is probably just storing 
> AVPs to the
> > disk, later on it will send the AVPs to a postprocessing 
> system (e.g.
> > billing system)that may understand this information to 
> create the bill.
> > This does not mean tha such accounting server can handle 
> any application
> > using only ACR/ACA.
> 
> That's a fair statement. I think you are saying that in an accounting
> command, the "M" bit in an AVP means "this AVP *must* be 
> understood by the
> backend billing system", not necessarily "this AVP *must* be 
> understood by
> the accounting server."
> 
> Note that this is *not* the same thing as saying that the AVP 
> is required
> by the ABNF in the accounting application definition. It is 
> possible for
> the ABNF to require inclusion of an AVP without the "M" bit set.
> 
> The implication is that AVPs marked with the "M" bit for 
> authentication
> would not necessarily have this bit marked for use within an 
> accounting
> command. For example, it might be important that the NAS implement a
> special filtering AVP, (set "M" in the authentication), but 
> that might be
> irrelevant for accounting purposes (NAS doesn't set "M" bit 
> in the ACR).
> 
> If we can guarantee that the "M" bit is set this way in 
> accounting AVPs,
> I'm not clear why you'd need a new accounting application unless
> a new command is being defined. You just let the Accounting server
> advertise the standard accounting command; if you send it 
> mandatory AVPs
> it doesn't understand, it will send you an error message.
> 
> > Perhaps it is still better to delete the "disk-writing" 
> text as originally
> > proposed by Pete.
> 
> This could work, provided that the above issues with the "M" bit and
> accounting application id allocation are worked through.
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 14:54:45 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: marco.stura@nokia.com
Cc: john.loughney@nokia.com, <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>,
        <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
In-Reply-To: <142DC466081D9B409AAD1DDCA4B21E1D9E42F1@esebe016.ntc.nokia.com>
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> I think you fully missunderstood my point, I don't know where in my
> mail you read the "fair statement" you speak about.

I agreed with you that a disk-writing accounting server couldn't handle
your prepaid accounting application.

> I'm arguing that
> disk-writing accounting server cannot handle "any accounting
> application that only use ACR/ACA" as they probably just store
> say accounting information, may be it's more clear, that may be used
> by other systems to create the bill.

I agree with that.

> This is one good reason to remove the disk-writing text.

I agree with that, too.

> Moreover, Here I was referring to AVP required in the accounting application
> definition that trigger some specific server action necessary to support
> the requested service (one example is prepaid).
> How would you differentiate this kind of application if not with an accounting
> application id?

There are two cases:

1. If the application not only requires new AVPs to be present in the
application (e.g. ABNF mandates them), but also requires the billing
server to understand them (e.g. new AVPs have "M" bit set in accounting
messages), then a new application ID is required, even if no new
commands are used, only ACR/ACA.

2. However, if the application requires new AVPs to be present (ABNF
mandatory), but does not require the billing server to understand them
(e.g. new AVPs don't have "M" bit set) and there are no new commands, then
I'd argue that a new application ID is not required and MUST NOT be used.

If you buy this argument, then I think the indicated fix is:

a. Delete the "disk writing" text.

b. Change the "Extensions" text to indicate that a new  accounting
application ID is needed only when there are new commands, OR when new
AVPs defined in the application ABNF have the "M" bit set. If there are no
new commands, and new AVPs are non-mandatory, a new application ID MUST
NOT be used.

c. Add text to require that in accounting
commands, the "M" bit is only set when a backend billing server MUST
support the AVP in order to issue a correct bill. If the backend billing
server can ignore the AVP in computing the bill, then the  AVP MUST NOT
have the "M" bit set within an accounting message, even if the "M" bit
was set on that AVP within an authentication message.

d. Add a "standard accounting application" ID so that accounting can be
used by itself within Diameter.





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To: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
Cc: marco.stura@nokia.com, john.loughney@nokia.com,
        Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se, aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
Message-ID: <20020911193214.GD641@catfish>
References: <142DC466081D9B409AAD1DDCA4B21E1D9E42F1@esebe016.ntc.nokia.com> <Pine.LNX.4.44.0209111042580.2332-100000@internaut.com>
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On Wed, Sep 11, 2002 at 10:57:43AM -0700, Bernard Aboba wrote:
> There are two cases:
> 
> 1. If the application not only requires new AVPs to be present in the
> application (e.g. ABNF mandates them), but also requires the billing
> server to understand them (e.g. new AVPs have "M" bit set in accounting
> messages), then a new application ID is required, even if no new
> commands are used, only ACR/ACA.
> 
> 2. However, if the application requires new AVPs to be present (ABNF
> mandatory), but does not require the billing server to understand them
> (e.g. new AVPs don't have "M" bit set) and there are no new commands, then
> I'd argue that a new application ID is not required and MUST NOT be used.

But does case 2) mean that it requires an additional ABNF in addition
to the ABNF for base ACR/ACA (and thus additional command dictionary
entry would be necessary to parse the new AVP)?  If so, how the
additional command dictionary entry can be distinguished from the
command dictionary entry for the base ACR/ACA without using a new
application id?

Yoshihiro Ohba

> 
> If you buy this argument, then I think the indicated fix is:
> 
> a. Delete the "disk writing" text.
> 
> b. Change the "Extensions" text to indicate that a new  accounting
> application ID is needed only when there are new commands, OR when new
> AVPs defined in the application ABNF have the "M" bit set. If there are no
> new commands, and new AVPs are non-mandatory, a new application ID MUST
> NOT be used.
> 
> c. Add text to require that in accounting
> commands, the "M" bit is only set when a backend billing server MUST
> support the AVP in order to issue a correct bill. If the backend billing
> server can ignore the AVP in computing the bill, then the  AVP MUST NOT
> have the "M" bit set within an accounting message, even if the "M" bit
> was set on that AVP within an authentication message.
> 
> d. Add a "standard accounting application" ID so that accounting can be
> used by itself within Diameter.
> 
> 
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 15:43:34 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 365: Revised Extensibility Section
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0209111143220.4077-100000@internaut.com>
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Issue 365: Revised Extensibility Section
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
Reference:
Document: BASE-12
Comment type: T
Priority: S
Section: 1.2
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

This revision is designed to clarify the issue of
extensibility to make it clear that addition of
non-mandatory AVPs does not require definition of a
new application ID.

Replace section 1.2 with the following:

"1.2 Approach to Extensibility

The Diameter protocol is designed to be extensible, using
several mechanisms, including:

- Defining new AVP values.
- Creating new AVPs
- Creating new authentication/authorization applications
- Creating new accounting applications
- Application authentication procedures

Reuse of existing AVP values, AVPs, applications and command codes
are strongly recommended. Reuse simplifies standardization and
implementation and avoids potential interoperability issues.

1.2.1 Defining New AVP Values

New applications should attempt to reuse AVPs defined in existing
applications when possible, as opposed to creating new AVPs. For AVPs
of type Enumerated an application may require a new
value to communicate some service-specific information.

In order to allocate a new AVP value, a request MUST be
sent to IANA [IANA], along with an explanation of the new
AVP value. IANA considerations for Diameter are discussed
in Section 11.

1.2.2 Creating New AVPs

When no existing AVP can be used, a new AVP should
be created. The new AVP being defined MUST use one of the
data types listed in section 4.3.

In the event that a logical grouping of AVPs is necessary, and
multiple "groups" are possible in a given command, it is
recommended that a Grouped AVP be used (see Section 4.5).

In order to create a new AVP, a request MUST be sent to IANA,
with a specification for the AVP. The request MUST include
the commands that would make use of the AVP.

1.2.3 Creating New Authentication Applications

Every Diameter application specification MUST have an IANA assigned
Application Identifier (see section 2.4) or a vendor specific
Application Identifier.

Should a new Diameter usage scenario find itself unable to fit
within an existing application without requiring major changes to the
specification, it may be desirable to create a new Diameter
application. Major changes to an application include:

- Adding new AVPs to the command, which have the "M" bit set.

- Requiring a command that has a different number of round trips
to satisfy a request (e.g. application foo has a command that
requires one round trip, but new application bar has a command
that requires two round trips to complete).

- Adding support for an authentication method requiring definition of
new AVPs for use with the application. Since a new EAP authentication
method can be supported within Diameter without requiring new AVPs,
addition of EAP methods does not require the creation of a new
authentication
application.

Creation of a new application should be viewed as a last resort.
An implementation MAY add arbitrary non-mandatory AVPs to any
command defined in an application, including vendor-specific AVPs without
needing to define a new application. Please refer to section 11.1.1 for
details.

In order to justify allocation of a new application identifier, Diameter
applications MUST define one Command Code, or add new mandatory AVPs to
the ABNF.

The expected AVPs MUST be defined in an ABNF [ABNF] grammar (see section
3.2). If the Diameter application has accounting requirements, it
MUST also specify the AVPs that are to be present in the Diameter
Accounting messages (see section 9.3). However, just because a new
authentication application id is required, does not imply that a new
accounting application id is required.

When possible, a new Diameter application SHOULD reuse
existing Diameter AVPs, in order to avoid defining
multiple AVPs that carry similar information.

1.2.4 Creating New Accounting Applications

There are services that only require Diameter accounting.
Such services need to define the AVPs carried in the ACR/ACA messages,
but do not need to define new command codes. An implementation MAY add
arbitrary non-mandatory AVPs (e.g. AVPs with the "M" bit not set) to any
command defined in an application, including vendor-specific
AVPs, without needing to define a new accounting application. Please
refer to section 11.1.1 for details.

Application Identifiers are still required for Diameter capability
exchange. Every accounting application MUST have either an IANA
allocated Application Identifier, or a vendor specific Application
Identifier.

Since every Diameter implementation MUST support accounting, there
is no need to advertise support for the Base accounting application
within the CER/CEA, since this is implicit. This basic accounting
support is sufficient to handle any application that uses the
ACR/ACA commands defined in this document, as long as no new
mandatory AVPs are added. A mandatory AVP is defined as one
which has the "M" bit set when sent within an accounting command,
regardless of whether it is required or optional within the ABNF for
the accounting application.

The creation of a new accounting application should be viewed as a
last resort and MUST NOT be used unless a new command is defined with
the application, or new mandatory AVPs are added to the ABNF.

Within an accounting command, setting the "M" bit implies that
the backend billing server MUST understand the AVP in order to compute
a correct bill. If the AVP is not relevant to the billing process, when
the AVP is included within an accounting command, it MUST NOT
have the "M" bit set, even if the "M" bit is set when the same AVP is
used within other Diameter commands.

When possible, a new Diameter accounting application SHOULD attempt
to reuse existing AVPs, in order to to avoid defining multiple AVPs
that carry similar information.

Every Diameter accounting application specification MUST have an IANA
assigned Application Identifier (see section 2.4) or a vendor specific
Application Identifier."



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 15:53:29 2002
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Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2002 11:56:20 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Cc: marco.stura@nokia.com, <john.loughney@nokia.com>,
        <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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> But does case 2) mean that it requires an additional ABNF in addition
> to the ABNF for base ACR/ACA (and thus additional command dictionary
> entry would be necessary to parse the new AVP)?  If so, how the
> additional command dictionary entry can be distinguished from the
> command dictionary entry for the base ACR/ACA without using a new
> application id?

It should be possible to add new AVPs to the dictionary without requiring
the application id to change. That can be done in RADIUS today. If the
AVPs are non-mandatory there is no reason to allocate a new application ID.

A new application id would only be required if mandatory AVPs are added.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 16:34:46 2002
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Date: Wed, 11 Sep 2002 23:40:54 +0300
From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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To: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 358: Issues with references
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Bernard Aboba wrote:
> Issue 358: Issues with references
> Submitter: Bernard Aboba
> Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
> Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
> Reference:
> Document: BASE-12
> Comment type: E
> Priority: 1
> Section: 14.2 and others
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> 
> Add the following non-normative references to section 14.2:
> 
> [AAAREQ] Aboba, B. et al., "Criteria for Evaluating AAA Protocols
> for Network Access", RFC 2989, November 2000.
> 
> [DYNAUTH] 	Chiba, M., et al., "Dynamic Authorization Extensions to
> RADIUS", IETF work in progress.
> 
> [RADACCT]   Rigney, C., "RADIUS Accounting", RFC 2866, June 2000.
> 
> [RADEXT]   Rigney, C., Willats W., Calhoun P., "RADIUS Extensions", RFC
> 2869, June 2000.
> 
> [TACACS]	Finseth, C., "An Access Control Protocol, Sometimes Called
> TACACS", RFC 1492, July 1993.

Well, these are good references but isn't it customary to actual refer to
these documents from somewhere in the text? Perhaps DYNAUTH, RADACCT,
RADEXT could be referenced when [RADIUS[ is introduced at the beginning.
AAREQ could be put to the sentence "Although Diameter could be used to
solve a wider set of AAA problems, we are currently limiting the scope
of the protocol in order to ensure that the effort remains focused on
satisfying the requirements of network access." TACACS could be added
to section 2.8.4.

> In Sections 11.12, 11.13, 11.14 (page 129) change the reference from [TCP]
> to [IANA].

Yes.

> In section 14.2, change reference to [IPCOMP] from non-normative to
> normative. This is referred to with a MAY in Section 9.2 (page 114).

Ok.

Jari



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From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 358: Terminology and Organizational issues
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Bernard Aboba wrote:
> Issue 358: Terminology and Organizational issues
> Submitter: Bernard Aboba
> Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
> Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
> Reference:
> Document: BASE-12
> Comment type: E
> Priority: S
> Section: 1.4, 8.2
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> 
> Several terms are not defined in the terminology section, including:
> 
> Transaction state
> Session state
> 
> Quite a few terms are used prior to their definition in Section 1.4, so
> that I would recommend that the terminology section (currently 1.4) be
> moved up earlier in the document.


Yes. Apparently, we need to put it before 1.1 (alternatively before 1).

> I'd also note that I found it very confusing that section 8.2 (Accounting
> State machine) occurs prior to Section 9 (Accounting). I'd recommend that
> 8.2 be moved to Section 9.9 (after definition of the AVPs, including
> Accounting-Realtime-Required AVP).


Agreed.

Jari




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 17:13:17 2002
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Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 361: Support for TLS compression
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Bernard Aboba wrote:
> Issue 361: Support for TLS compression
> Submitter: Bernard Aboba
> Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
> Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
> Reference:
> Document: BASE-12
> Comment type: T
> Priority: 2
> Section: 9.2
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> 
> TLS compression is more efficient than IP compression, since TCP
> is stateful. As a result, it makes sense to use TLS compression
> where TLS is negotiated and it is desired to reduce the network
> bandwidth used for Diameter accounting.
> 
> Replace the last paragraph of Section 9.2 with the following:
> 
> "Each Diameter Accounting protocol message MAY be compressed, in order
> to reduce network bandwidth usage. If IPsec and IKE are used to
> secure the Diameter session, then IP compression [IPComp] MAY be used and
> IKE [IKE] MAY be used to negotiate the compression parameters. If TLS
> is used to secure the Diameter session, then TLS compression [TLS] MAY
> be used."


Sounds good.

Jari




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 17:30:04 2002
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Bernard Aboba wrote:
>>If you get a new ID, you just won't be able to take advantage of
>>already-deployed "disk-writing" accounting servers.  That's the
>>disincentive for people to request the new Application ID.

(I haven't read all of this thread yet, so excuse me if this
has already been discussed.)

I'd view the "disk-writing" accounting servers as such that they
can accept any accounting information carried by ACR/ACA regardless
of the application ID. It seems unnecessary to require that the
disk-writing servers only accept those accounting streams where
the client has explicitly required the use of a disk-writing
application.

We can require the right behaviour in the RFC, i.e. overriding
any negative effects unnecessary acct application id tagging
has. I do agree that people will probably want to get themselves
an id even when they don't need one.

Jari



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 18:15:13 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 358: Issues with references
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> Well, these are good references but isn't it customary to actual refer to
> these documents from somewhere in the text?

The references are referred to in the new text introduced in Issue #364.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 11 18:35:50 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: Stura Marco <marco_stura@hotmail.com>
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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> All of these AVPs are not mandatory (M bit is not set) but affect the bill
> (e.g SIP-Method, SIP-Media-Info, SIP-From, SIP-To, SIP-Content-Body),
> consequently a billing server capable of generating the bill for the usage
> of SIP services must understand these AVPs or the same accounting
> information in different format (e.g. AVPs translated to CDR ASN.1 coded).

I'd claim that the SIP/AAA specification has mis-classified these AVPs as
non-mandatory. If the backend billing server MUST understand these AVPs,
then the right thing to do is for them to have the "M" bit set as
generated by the Accounting client.

> 1- The billing server does not understand any AVP, it require Call Detail
> Record formatted according to some other format e.g.ASN.1 coding. In this
> case the Diameter accounting server, or some sort of gateway node, must
> understand these AVPs, translate them in CDR (Call Detail Record) ASN.1
> coded and sends the CDR to the billing server.

But if the billing server can't handle the AVPs that are being encoded,
what use is it to the Accounting Server to provide them within the CDRs?
It makes more sense to fix the problem by failing the capabilities negotiation,
than by having the accounting server accept the packets, and
generate CDRs that the billing system can't process.

I am envisaging having the Accounting Server configured with the
application IDs that correspond to applications that the backend billing
server can process. It then exchanges these capabilities in the CER/CEA.
If the Accounting client wants to do an application that isn't supported
in the backend billing server, then the capabilities negotiation will fail
until the Accounting Server is re-configured to handle those new
applications. That seems like the right thing to me.

> 2- The billing server does understand the AVPs. In this case the Diameter
> accounting server does not need to understand these AVPs, it simply store
> the AVPs to the disk and sends them later on to the billing server.

Yes -- and so the accounting server can advertise the applications that
the billing server understands and there is no issue. Note that if the
Accounting Server is written correctly, the applications can just be
selected from a list which can be augmented via a dictionary. That means
there is no need to change code on the Accounting Server in order to
support a new application, as long as no new commands are required.
However, the billing server does need to be upgraded to be able to bill
correctly for the new application.

> In any case the end system that generate the bill, the billing server, must
> understand the service specific accounting information (or AVPs) for those
> services it is supposed to bill for. One clear example is the above
> mentioned draft sipping-aaa-diameter, and it's very difficult to believe
> that you add accounting AVPs that do not affect the bill.

I'd expect that most of the AVPs would affect the bill -- that's why they
were put in the spec. But not all the accounting AVPs that we have defined
fit in that category.

> In conclusion when you define new AVPs that carry information to charge for
> the service x, either the billing server or some sort of gateway node
> (between Acct. Server and BS) must understand these AVPs if you want to be
> able to generate the bill for the usage of service x.

Yes.

> Accordingly I guess I would buy this other argument:
>
> if the application requires new AVPs to be present (ABNF mandatory), but
> does not require the accounting server to understand them (e.g.new AVPs
> don't have "M" bit set), there are no new commands and there are no
> additional mechanisms defined (e.g. application state machine); a new
> application Id is not required and MUST NOT be used.
>
> Br
> Marco

OK. Sounds like we agree.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 03:51:58 2002
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From: "Harri Hakala (LMF)" <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>
To: "'Bernard Aboba'" <aboba@internaut.com>, aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 365: Revised Extensibility Section
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2002 09:53:07 +0200
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> 1.2.4 Creating New Accounting Applications
> 
> There are services that only require Diameter accounting.
> Such services need to define the AVPs carried in the ACR/ACA messages,
> but do not need to define new command codes. An implementation MAY add
> arbitrary non-mandatory AVPs (e.g. AVPs with the "M" bit not 
> set) to any
> command defined in an application, including vendor-specific
> AVPs, without needing to define a new accounting application. Please
> refer to section 11.1.1 for details.
> 
> Application Identifiers are still required for Diameter capability
> exchange. Every accounting application MUST have either an IANA
> allocated Application Identifier, or a vendor specific Application
> Identifier.
> 
> Since every Diameter implementation MUST support accounting, there
> is no need to advertise support for the Base accounting application
> within the CER/CEA, since this is implicit. This basic accounting
> support is sufficient to handle any application that uses the
> ACR/ACA commands defined in this document, as long as no new
> mandatory AVPs are added. A mandatory AVP is defined as one
> which has the "M" bit set when sent within an accounting command,
> regardless of whether it is required or optional within the ABNF for
> the accounting application.

Should here be mentioned also that if the basic accounting is used
without any mandatory AVPs or new commands, then the base protocol defined
standard accounting application Id (section 2.4) must be used in ACR/ACA
commands.

.....
Section 2.4 Application Identifiers

Standard accounting   X
.....


/ Harri


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 03:54:22 2002
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From: "Harri Hakala (LMF)" <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>
To: "'Bernard Aboba'" <aboba@internaut.com>, marco.stura@nokia.com
Cc: john.loughney@nokia.com, aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2002 09:52:40 +0200
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> If you buy this argument, then I think the indicated fix is:
> 
> a. Delete the "disk writing" text.
> 
> b. Change the "Extensions" text to indicate that a new  accounting
> application ID is needed only when there are new commands, OR when new
> AVPs defined in the application ABNF have the "M" bit set. If 
> there are no
> new commands, and new AVPs are non-mandatory, a new 
> application ID MUST
> NOT be used.
> 
> c. Add text to require that in accounting
> commands, the "M" bit is only set when a backend billing server MUST
> support the AVP in order to issue a correct bill. If the 
> backend billing
> server can ignore the AVP in computing the bill, then the  
> AVP MUST NOT
> have the "M" bit set within an accounting message, even if the "M" bit
> was set on that AVP within an authentication message.
> 
> d. Add a "standard accounting application" ID so that 
> accounting can be
> used by itself within Diameter.

I can but this. I think these are clear rules. 

/ Harri


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 04:03:06 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2002 11:04:19 +0300
Message-ID: <0C1353ABB1DEB74DB067ADFF749C4EEF015A54DA@esebe004.ntc.nokia.com>
Thread-Topic: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
Thread-Index: AcJaMdf5Ssq64BgJQ6yUcNKa3KlsDwAARFuQ
From: <john.loughney@nokia.com>
To: <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>, <aboba@internaut.com>,
        <marco.stura@nokia.com>
Cc: <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
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Hi Harri,

> I can but this. I think these are clear rules. 

Sorry, I don't understand - do you mean:

 'I can buy this.' ?

John


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 04:05:14 2002
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From: "Harri Hakala (LMF)" <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>
To: "'john.loughney@nokia.com'" <john.loughney@nokia.com>,
        "Harri Hakala (LMF)" <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>,
        aboba@internaut.com, marco.stura@nokia.com
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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yes, sorry my typo.

/ harri

> -----Original Message-----
> From: john.loughney@nokia.com [mailto:john.loughney@nokia.com]
> Sent: 12. syyskuuta 2002 11:04
> To: Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se; aboba@internaut.com;
> marco.stura@nokia.com
> Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
> 
> 
> Hi Harri,
> 
> > I can but this. I think these are clear rules. 
> 
> Sorry, I don't understand - do you mean:
> 
>  'I can buy this.' ?
> 
> John
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 04:08:21 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2002 11:09:44 +0300
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Thread-Topic: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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Hi Bernard,

> There are two cases:
> 
> 1. If the application not only requires new AVPs to be present in the
> application (e.g. ABNF mandates them), but also requires the billing
> server to understand them (e.g. new AVPs have "M" bit set in accounting
> messages), then a new application ID is required, even if no new
> commands are used, only ACR/ACA.
> 
> 2. However, if the application requires new AVPs to be present (ABNF
> mandatory), but does not require the billing server to understand them
> (e.g. new AVPs don't have "M" bit set) and there are no new commands, then
> I'd argue that a new application ID is not required and MUST 
> NOT be used.
> 
> If you buy this argument, then I think the indicated fix is:

I buy the argument.

> a. Delete the "disk writing" text.
> 
> b. Change the "Extensions" text to indicate that a new  accounting
> application ID is needed only when there are new commands, OR when new
> AVPs defined in the application ABNF have the "M" bit set. If there are no
> new commands, and new AVPs are non-mandatory, a new application ID MUST
> NOT be used.
> 
> c. Add text to require that in accounting
> commands, the "M" bit is only set when a backend billing server MUST
> support the AVP in order to issue a correct bill. If the backend billing
> server can ignore the AVP in computing the bill, then the AVP MUST NOT
> have the "M" bit set within an accounting message, even if the "M" bit
> was set on that AVP within an authentication message.
> 
> d. Add a "standard accounting application" ID so that accounting can be
> used by itself within Diameter.

I think this is the way to go.  Also, your original issue 360 text should
be added (added below for reference).

Anyone oppose the inclusion of this (above & below) text?

John

Page 14: Change definition of Diameter Server to the following:

"A Diameter Server is one that handles authentication, authorization and
accounting requests for a particular realm."

Section 2, page 17, first paragraph.

Change the first sentence of the first paragraph to:

"The base Diameter protocol may be used by itself for accounting
applications, but for use in authentication and authorization it is always
extended for a particular application."

Section 7.1.3, Page 81, DIAMETER_UNABLE_TO_DELIVER

Change "no host within the realm was available" to
"no host within the realm supporting the required application was
available"

Page 94, last paragraph

Delete the paragraph starting with "Note that the server side state
machine..."
This paragraph appears to be redundant with the first paragraph of page
93.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 06:03:09 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 363: IANA Considerations Issues
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2002 13:04:24 +0300
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From: <john.loughney@nokia.com>
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Hi Bernard,

I think all of this is good text.

John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Bernard Aboba [mailto:aboba@internaut.com]
> Sent: 11 September, 2002 04:50
> To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 363: IANA Considerations Issues
> 
> 
> Issue 363: IANA Considerations Issues
> Submitter: Bernard Aboba
> Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
> Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
> Reference:
> Document: BASE-12
> Comment type: T
> Priority: S
> Section: 11
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> 
> The IANA considerations section lacks some boilerplate. Also, 
> as I recall,
> the agreement with the IESG was that standard AVP codes would 
> be allocated
> via "Expert Review with Specification Required", and I would also
> recommend this for non-vendor specific application IDs.
> 
> Change Section 11 to the following:
> 
> "This section provides guidance to the Internet Assigned 
> Numbers Authority
> (IANA) regarding registration of values related to the 
> Diameter protocol,
> in accordance with BCP 26 [IANA].
> 
> The following policies are used here with the meanings 
> defined in BCP 26:
> "Private Use", "First Come First Served", "Expert Review",
> "Specification Required", IETF Consensus", "Standards Action".
> 
> This section explains the criteria to be used by the IANA for 
> assignment
> of numbers within namespaces defined within this document.
> 
> Diameter is not intended as a general purpose protocol, and 
> allocations
> SHOULD NOT be made for purposes unrelated to authentication, 
> authorization
> or accounting. For registration requests where a Designated 
> Expert should
> be consulted, the responsible IESG area director should appoint the
> Designated Expert.
> 
> For registration requests requiring Expert Review, the AAA 
> mailing list
> should be consulted."
> 
> Section 11.1.1 AVP Code
> 
> Change the last sentence of the first paragraph to:
> 
> "AVP Codes 0-254 are managed separtely as RADIUS Attribute Types
> [RADTYPE], while the remaining namespace is available for 
> assignmetn via
> Expert Review with Specification Required [IANA]."
> 
> Section 11.2.1, second to last paragraph, last sentence.
> 
> Change to: "The range of values will have a limited lifetime, and will
> eventually be reallocated within a range available for 
> standardization."
> 
> Change "guarentee" to "guarantee"
> 
> Section 11.3 Application Identifiers
> 
> Second paragraph, add the following sentence:
> 
> "Assignment of standards-track application IDs are by Expert 
> Review with
> Specification Required [IANA]."
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 06:19:27 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 362: Clarification of Proxy, Relay and Redirect Usage
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Hi Bernard,

I think these changes are good.

John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Bernard Aboba [mailto:aboba@internaut.com]
> Sent: 11 September, 2002 04:27
> To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 362: Clarification of Proxy, Relay 
> and Redirect
> Usage
> 
> 
> Issue 362: Clarification of Proxy, Relay, and Redirect Usage
> Submitter: Bernard Aboba
> Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
> Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
> Reference:
> Document: BASE-12
> Comment type: E
> Priority: S
> Section: many
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> 
> Throughout the document, the term "proxy" is used when actually it is
> intended refer to proxies, relays and redirects. Also, the 
> term "stateful"
> is unclear; sometimes this refers to session state, sometimes to
> transaction state.
> 
> Section 2.8.1, page 24, last paragraph, change to:
> 
> "Relays modify Diameter messages by inserting and removing routing
> information, but do not modify any other portion of a message.
> Relays SHOULD NOT maintain session state but MUST maintain
> transaction state."
> 
> Section 2.8.2, page 25, third paragraph, change to:
> 
> "Proxies that wish to limit resources MUST maintain session state.
> All proxies MUST maintain transaction state."
> 
> Section 2.8.3, page 27, first paragraph, change to:
> 
> "Since Redirect agents do not perform any application level
> processing, the provide services for all Diameter applications,
> and therefore MUST advertise the Relay Application Identifier."
> 
> Page 28, first second and third paragraphs, change to:
> 
> "End-to-end security services include confidentiality
> and message origin authentication. These services are provided
> by supporting AVP integrity and confidentiality between two
> peers, communicating through agents.
> 
> End-to-end security is provided via the End-to-End security
> extension, described in [AAACMS]. The circumstances requiring
> the use of end-to-end security are determined by policy on
> each of the peers. Security policies, which are not the
> subject of standardization, may be applied by next hop
> Diameter peer or by destination realm. For example, where
> TLS or IPsec transmission-level security is sufficient,
> there may be no need for end-to-end security.
> 
> End-to-end security policies include:"
> 
> Page 30, last paragraph. Change
> 
> "The End-to-End Identifier MUST NOT be modified by relay agents"
> 
> to:
> 
> "The End-to-End Identifier MUST NOT be modified by Diameter agents
> of any kind."
> 
> Page 49, second to last paragraph:
> 
> Change "be sent via proxy/agent" to:
> "be sent via a Diameter agent (proxy, redirect or relay)"
> 
> Page 68, third paragraph
> 
> Change
> 
> "Proxiable request messages MUST also contain an
> Acct-Application-Id AVP, an Auth-Application-Id AVP or a
> Vendor-Specific-Application-Id AVP. A message that MUST NOT
> be relayed, proxied or redirect MUST not include..."
> 
> To:
> 
> "Request messages that may be forwarded by Diameter agents
> (proxies, redirects or relays) MUST also contain an
> Acct-Application-Id AVP, an Auth-Application-Id AVP or a
> Vendor-Specific-Application-Id AVP. A message that MUST NOT
> be forwarded by Diameter agents (proxies, redirects or
> relays) MUST not include..."
> 
> Page 70, Section 6.1.6
> 
> Change:
> 
> "A Diameter message that is able to be proxied MUST
> include..."
> 
> to:
> 
> "A Diameter message that may be forwarded by Diameter
> agents (proxies, redirects or relays) MUST include..."
> 
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 06:25:23 2002
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Hi Bernard,

I suggest we follow Eric's advice.

Does anyone feel that we should add details about how the DiameterIdentity
should be used (as suggested by Eric)?

br,
John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Bernard Aboba [mailto:aboba@internaut.com]
> Sent: 10 September, 2002 22:40
> To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 357: Inappropriate UTF-8 encoding (fwd)
> 
> 
> 
> 
> ---------- Forwarded message ----------
> Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 10:44:32 -0400
> From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
> To: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
> Cc: brunner@nic-naa.net
> Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 357: Inappropriate UTF-8 encoding
> 
> Bernard,
> 
> As an alternative, I suggest the DiameterIdentity type can be left
> simply as an OctetString AVP, and reference to any charset dropped.
> If you want to add details to how the DiameterIdentity value is to
> be used, e.g., case-insensitive character comparison for octets in
> the range 0-127, that would be consistent with 10[34/35].
> 
> The same issue came up recently in dnsext (unknown RDATA formats).
> 
> The same issue has been present in provreg (character encodings other
> than UTF-8 (and UTF-16) are allowed by XML, if an encoding attribute,
> or a byte order mark, or both is present, EPP is specified in XML
> Schema notation, and is silent on the use of character encodings other
> than UTF-8 except "in environments where parser encoding support
> incompatibility might have an impact on interoperability", in which
> case UTF-8 is RECOMMENDED).
> 
> Eric
> 
> 


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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 365: Revised Extensibility Section
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2002 13:42:51 +0300
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Hi Bernard,

Your text seems reasonable here also.

John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Bernard Aboba [mailto:aboba@internaut.com]
> Sent: 11 September, 2002 21:46
> To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 365: Revised Extensibility Section
> 
> 
> Issue 365: Revised Extensibility Section
> Submitter: Bernard Aboba
> Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
> Date first submitted: September 9, 2002
> Reference:
> Document: BASE-12
> Comment type: T
> Priority: S
> Section: 1.2
> Rationale/Explanation of issue:
> 
> This revision is designed to clarify the issue of
> extensibility to make it clear that addition of
> non-mandatory AVPs does not require definition of a
> new application ID.
> 
> Replace section 1.2 with the following:
> 
> "1.2 Approach to Extensibility
> 
> The Diameter protocol is designed to be extensible, using
> several mechanisms, including:
> 
> - Defining new AVP values.
> - Creating new AVPs
> - Creating new authentication/authorization applications
> - Creating new accounting applications
> - Application authentication procedures
> 
> Reuse of existing AVP values, AVPs, applications and command codes
> are strongly recommended. Reuse simplifies standardization and
> implementation and avoids potential interoperability issues.
> 
> 1.2.1 Defining New AVP Values
> 
> New applications should attempt to reuse AVPs defined in existing
> applications when possible, as opposed to creating new AVPs. For AVPs
> of type Enumerated an application may require a new
> value to communicate some service-specific information.
> 
> In order to allocate a new AVP value, a request MUST be
> sent to IANA [IANA], along with an explanation of the new
> AVP value. IANA considerations for Diameter are discussed
> in Section 11.
> 
> 1.2.2 Creating New AVPs
> 
> When no existing AVP can be used, a new AVP should
> be created. The new AVP being defined MUST use one of the
> data types listed in section 4.3.
> 
> In the event that a logical grouping of AVPs is necessary, and
> multiple "groups" are possible in a given command, it is
> recommended that a Grouped AVP be used (see Section 4.5).
> 
> In order to create a new AVP, a request MUST be sent to IANA,
> with a specification for the AVP. The request MUST include
> the commands that would make use of the AVP.
> 
> 1.2.3 Creating New Authentication Applications
> 
> Every Diameter application specification MUST have an IANA assigned
> Application Identifier (see section 2.4) or a vendor specific
> Application Identifier.
> 
> Should a new Diameter usage scenario find itself unable to fit
> within an existing application without requiring major changes to the
> specification, it may be desirable to create a new Diameter
> application. Major changes to an application include:
> 
> - Adding new AVPs to the command, which have the "M" bit set.
> 
> - Requiring a command that has a different number of round trips
> to satisfy a request (e.g. application foo has a command that
> requires one round trip, but new application bar has a command
> that requires two round trips to complete).
> 
> - Adding support for an authentication method requiring definition of
> new AVPs for use with the application. Since a new EAP authentication
> method can be supported within Diameter without requiring new AVPs,
> addition of EAP methods does not require the creation of a new
> authentication
> application.
> 
> Creation of a new application should be viewed as a last resort.
> An implementation MAY add arbitrary non-mandatory AVPs to any
> command defined in an application, including vendor-specific 
> AVPs without
> needing to define a new application. Please refer to section 
> 11.1.1 for
> details.
> 
> In order to justify allocation of a new application 
> identifier, Diameter
> applications MUST define one Command Code, or add new 
> mandatory AVPs to
> the ABNF.
> 
> The expected AVPs MUST be defined in an ABNF [ABNF] grammar 
> (see section
> 3.2). If the Diameter application has accounting requirements, it
> MUST also specify the AVPs that are to be present in the Diameter
> Accounting messages (see section 9.3). However, just because a new
> authentication application id is required, does not imply that a new
> accounting application id is required.
> 
> When possible, a new Diameter application SHOULD reuse
> existing Diameter AVPs, in order to avoid defining
> multiple AVPs that carry similar information.
> 
> 1.2.4 Creating New Accounting Applications
> 
> There are services that only require Diameter accounting.
> Such services need to define the AVPs carried in the ACR/ACA messages,
> but do not need to define new command codes. An implementation MAY add
> arbitrary non-mandatory AVPs (e.g. AVPs with the "M" bit not 
> set) to any
> command defined in an application, including vendor-specific
> AVPs, without needing to define a new accounting application. Please
> refer to section 11.1.1 for details.
> 
> Application Identifiers are still required for Diameter capability
> exchange. Every accounting application MUST have either an IANA
> allocated Application Identifier, or a vendor specific Application
> Identifier.
> 
> Since every Diameter implementation MUST support accounting, there
> is no need to advertise support for the Base accounting application
> within the CER/CEA, since this is implicit. This basic accounting
> support is sufficient to handle any application that uses the
> ACR/ACA commands defined in this document, as long as no new
> mandatory AVPs are added. A mandatory AVP is defined as one
> which has the "M" bit set when sent within an accounting command,
> regardless of whether it is required or optional within the ABNF for
> the accounting application.
> 
> The creation of a new accounting application should be viewed as a
> last resort and MUST NOT be used unless a new command is defined with
> the application, or new mandatory AVPs are added to the ABNF.
> 
> Within an accounting command, setting the "M" bit implies that
> the backend billing server MUST understand the AVP in order to compute
> a correct bill. If the AVP is not relevant to the billing 
> process, when
> the AVP is included within an accounting command, it MUST NOT
> have the "M" bit set, even if the "M" bit is set when the same AVP is
> used within other Diameter commands.
> 
> When possible, a new Diameter accounting application SHOULD attempt
> to reuse existing AVPs, in order to to avoid defining multiple AVPs
> that carry similar information.
> 
> Every Diameter accounting application specification MUST have an IANA
> assigned Application Identifier (see section 2.4) or a vendor specific
> Application Identifier."
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 07:30:10 2002
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        Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se, aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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I think the most serious issue we have in the current specifications
is what Marco brought up, i.e., that credit control -like applications
are not compatible with the disk-writing approach. For this reason, it
makes sense to make it the choice of the application specification
whether or not fallback to "disk-writing" is allowed or not. This is
essentially what deleting the disk-writing text and adding a base
accounting application id accomplishes.

However, I'm pretty uncertain whether the "M" bit approach is the
right one. Remember that billing is a process inherently guided by
a policy. How would we as accounting-application-writers know whether
a particular field from the SIP protocol is or is not going to be
necessary for printing the bill? The answer is that we do not, and
any information specified in the application standard *could* be
used. Furthermore, the information about whether the AVPs are
mandatory in a specific business case is something that only the
home network knows. Therefore, it is hard for us to do anything
else than to declare most accounting AVPs mandatory, and then
have the client set the bits. According to the rules below
this would lead to the situation where the basic accounting
application is used by almost no one.

This is undesirable since in many cases the basic accounting
application would in fact be sufficient as long as the
record reached the right server. On the other hand, the combination
of the home domain and the accounting application Id would
act as a convenient routing mechanisms to get to the dial-in/wlan/3g
department accounting servers.

In conclusion my main concern is that there'll be new applications
and we'll be under the mercy of the negotiation process. And I
need to get vendor X's server to get it to work with their client,
if they chose to invent a new application ID -- even if *I* think
I can handle it with my disk-writing basic accounting mechanism.

But perhaps there's an easy fix to this. We could require that
all implementations of DIAMETER basic accounting must be _configurable_
to advertise a specific accounting application support.

This would mean that we lose the automatic fallback to disk-writing
server (but for a good reason noted by Marco). Instead, we have
a human-controlled process.

Jari

Bernard Aboba wrote:

> 1. If the application not only requires new AVPs to be present in the
> application (e.g. ABNF mandates them), but also requires the billing
> server to understand them (e.g. new AVPs have "M" bit set in accounting
> messages), then a new application ID is required, even if no new
> commands are used, only ACR/ACA.
> 
> 2. However, if the application requires new AVPs to be present (ABNF
> mandatory), but does not require the billing server to understand them
> (e.g. new AVPs don't have "M" bit set) and there are no new commands, then
> I'd argue that a new application ID is not required and MUST NOT be used.
> 
> If you buy this argument, then I think the indicated fix is:
> 
> a. Delete the "disk writing" text.
> 
> b. Change the "Extensions" text to indicate that a new  accounting
> application ID is needed only when there are new commands, OR when new
> AVPs defined in the application ABNF have the "M" bit set. If there are no
> new commands, and new AVPs are non-mandatory, a new application ID MUST
> NOT be used.
> 
> c. Add text to require that in accounting
> commands, the "M" bit is only set when a backend billing server MUST
> support the AVP in order to issue a correct bill. If the backend billing
> server can ignore the AVP in computing the bill, then the  AVP MUST NOT
> have the "M" bit set within an accounting message, even if the "M" bit
> was set on that AVP within an authentication message.
> 
> d. Add a "standard accounting application" ID so that accounting can be
> used by itself within Diameter.





From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 08:43:00 2002
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From: Xin Chen <x.chen@fle.fujitsu.com>
To: "'Jari Arkko (LMF)'" <Jari.Arkko@lmf.ericsson.se>,
        "'aaa-wg@merit.edu'" <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Question on Diameter Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) App
	lication
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2002 13:41:56 +0100
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.

------=_NextPartTM-000-e677f144-ab41-425b-9e6f-51d907626e8e
Content-Type: text/plain

Dear all,

The draft (Diameter Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) Application)
only defines two messages Diameter-EAP-Request (DER) Command and
Diameter-EAP-Answer (DEA) Command between the access device and the Diameter
home server. 

I think that in the case that the EAP client is powered off or out of radio
coverage (wireless environment), then we also need a Diameter message sent
from the access device to the Diameter home server to terminate this
diameter session. The indication of those events can be provided by link
layer technologies. 

If so, is this message specified by this draft or from the base protocol. I
have taken a look at the base protocol, there are two which could be used:

Disconnect-Peer-Request (sent from access device to Diameter home server)
Or
Session-Termination-Request (sent from access device to Diameter home
server), and I think the latter one is the right one to send. 

Regards

Xin Chen
Mobile Network Architecture
Fujitsu Laboratories of Europe LTD
Tel: +44 (0) 2086064453
Mobile: +44 (0)7775741020


-----Original Message-----
From: Jari Arkko (LMF) [mailto:Jari.Arkko@lmf.ericsson.se] 
Sent: 12 September 2002 07:52
To: 'Xin Chen'; 'ietf-ppp@merit.edu'; 'aaa-wg@merit.edu'
Subject: RE: Question on EAP


This does not seem to be an EAP related function as such.
If the given link layer technology gives you an indication of "power off" in
some manner, then the access network or the authenticator can send a RADIUS
accounting stop or similar message to the home network. So, I don't think
EAP is involved. Both RADIUS accounting and DIAMETER should be able to
support such notifications in the AAA space. I'm not sure how well WLAN
allows you to detect the power-off of a terminal and distinguish it from
temporary radio disturbances.

Jari
-----Original Message-----
From: Xin Chen [mailto:x.chen@fle.fujitsu.com]
Sent: 10. syyskuuta 2002 12:33
To: 'ietf-ppp@merit.edu'; 'aaa-wg@merit.edu'
Subject: Question on EAP


Dear all,

Sorry for those who get this twice. I am a starter of PPP and related
extentions. I have a question based on the case below,

An authenticator in a WLAN link uses EAP to authenticate terminals. The
authenticator uses AAA (radius or Diameter) to communicate with
authentication server. The authentication server is not only providing
authentication service but registration services. Once the authentication is
successful, the terminal will be considered registered with the network, and
services can be provided.

And the registration service of the authentication server needs to know the
user's status in the network (registered or not). Therefore, it relys on
some sort of information reported by the authenticator which is close to the
terminals

When the terminal powers off, we want the authenticator to detect this and
report to the authenitcation server that user is not registered anymore
(becuase user has turned off its terminal).

The question is does the current WLAN technologies and EAP protocol support
this operation. 

Regards

Xin Chen
Mobile Network Architecture
Fujitsu Laboratories of Europe LTD
Tel: +44 (0) 2086064453
Mobile: +44 (0)7775741020

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From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 08:47:48 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: "Harri Hakala (LMF)" <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 365: Revised Extensibility Section
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> Should here be mentioned also that if the basic accounting is used
> without any mandatory AVPs or new commands, then the base protocol defined
> standard accounting application Id (section 2.4) must be used in ACR/ACA
> commands.

Yes. Have added the following text to the recommended changes for #365:

"The creation of a new accounting application should be viewed as a
last resort and MUST NOT be used unless a new command is defined with
the application, or new mandatory AVPs are added to the ABNF. If
a Diameter accounting application requires no new mandatory AVPs
and no new commands (only ACR/ACA are used), then the standard
accounting application Id (section 2.4) MUST be used in ACR/ACA commands."



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 08:53:29 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: john.loughney@nokia.com
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 357: Inappropriate UTF-8 encoding (fwd)
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> Hi Bernard,
>
> I suggest we follow Eric's advice.
>
> Does anyone feel that we should add details about how the DiameterIdentity
> should be used (as suggested by Eric)?

I agree with Eric's suggestion. Here is the suggested fix:

1. Change the following AVPs that use UTF8String to type DiameterIdentity:

Origin-Realm AVP (6.4)
Destination-Realm AVP (6.6)

2. Change the definition of DiameterIdentity to OctetString.

3. Change the type of IPFilterRule and QoSFilterRule to ASCII
instead of UTF-8.




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 08:54:08 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: john.loughney@nokia.com
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 365: Revised Extensibility Section
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To accomodate comments, I've made some slight changes, which will be
reflected in the text up on the website.

On Thu, 12 Sep 2002 john.loughney@nokia.com wrote:

> Hi Bernard,
>
> Your text seems reasonable here also.
>
> John



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 09:02:26 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: Stura Marco <marco_stura@hotmail.com>
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu, <john.loughney@nokia.com>
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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I've added your suggestions to the text for #365.

On Thu, 12 Sep 2002, Stura Marco wrote:

> Hi,
>
> > > if the application requires new AVPs to be present (ABNF mandatory), but
> > > does not require the accounting server to understand them (e.g.new AVPs
> > > don't have "M" bit set), there are no new commands and there are no
> > > additional mechanisms defined (e.g. application state machine); a new
> > > application Id is not required and MUST NOT be used.
>
> Yes sounds like we agree. But it would be nice if you address all of these
> topics in the solution to this issue:
>
> 1- Mandatory AVP (e.g. M bit set)
> 2- New command
> 3- Application define additional mechanisms (e.g. application state machine)
>
> In the text you propose for the solution 1 and 2 are fine, it might be good
> to add some word also about 3.
> I would slightly modify you proposed text as follow:
>
> "1.2.4 Creating New Accounting Applications
>
> There are services that only require Diameter accounting.
> Such services need to define the AVPs carried in the ACR/ACA messages,
> but do not need to define new command codes. An implementation MAY add
> arbitrary non-mandatory AVPs (e.g. AVPs with the "M" bit not set) to any
> command defined in an application, including vendor-specific
> AVPs, without needing to define a new accounting application. Please
> refer to section 11.1.1 for details.
>
> Application Identifiers are still required for Diameter capability
> exchange. Every accounting application MUST have either an IANA
> allocated Application Identifier, or a vendor specific Application
> Identifier.
>
> Since every Diameter implementation MUST support accounting, there
> is no need to advertise support for the Base accounting application
> within the CER/CEA, since this is implicit. This basic accounting
> support is sufficient to handle any application that uses the
> ACR/ACA commands defined in this document, as long as no new
> mandatory AVPs are added. A mandatory AVP is defined as one
> which has the "M" bit set when sent within an accounting command,
> regardless of whether it is required or optional within the ABNF for
> the accounting application.
>
> The creation of a new accounting application should be viewed as a
> last resort and MUST NOT be used unless a new command or additional
> mechanisms (e.g. application defined state machine)is defined within
> the application, or new mandatory AVPs are added to the ABNF.
>
> Within an accounting command, setting the "M" bit implies that
> the backend billing server or the accounting server it self MUST understand
> the AVP in order to compute
> a correct bill. If the AVP is not relevant to the billing process, when
> the AVP is included within an accounting command, it MUST NOT
> have the "M" bit set, even if the "M" bit is set when the same AVP is
> used within other Diameter commands (i.e. authentication/authorization
> commands).
>
> When possible, a new Diameter accounting application SHOULD attempt
> to reuse existing AVPs, in order to avoid defining multiple AVPs
> that carry similar information.
>
> Every Diameter accounting application specification MUST have an IANA
> assigned Application Identifier (see section 2.4) or a vendor specific
> Application Identifier.
>
> If the base accounting is used without any mandatory AVPs, new commands or
> additional mechanisms (e.g. application defined state machine), then the
> base protocol defined standard accounting application Id (section 2.4) must
> be used in ACR/ACA commands."
>
> Br
> Marco
>
>
>
>
> _________________________________________________________________
> Chat with friends online, try MSN Messenger: http://messenger.msn.com
>



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 09:06:27 2002
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Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 352 - closed
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2002 16:03:12 +0300
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Hi all,

Please consider issue 352 to be closed as issue 365 takes care of
points raised in it.

John


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 09:06:28 2002
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From: "Harri Hakala (LMF)" <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>
To: "'Jari Arkko'" <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>,
        Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
Cc: marco.stura@nokia.com, john.loughney@nokia.com,
        "Harri Hakala (LMF)" <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>, aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2002 15:05:49 +0200
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I but also this ;-)
Seriously, I think that in pre-paid case the accounting server 
should understand at least some of the AVPs ('control' and 'rating' AVPs)
in real time (i.e. "M" bit approach makes sense) and but in post-paid 
case the accounting server does not necessarily need to interpret these AVPs,
but even in post-paid case in some point you need an instance (e.g. billing system)
which knows the meaning of the AVPs, when it prepares the bill. 
But in the latter case it depends case by case (based on operators billing policy)
which AVPs are mandatory for bill.

/ Harri


> Jari Arkko wrote:
> 
> I think the most serious issue we have in the current specifications
> is what Marco brought up, i.e., that credit control -like applications
> are not compatible with the disk-writing approach. For this reason, it
> makes sense to make it the choice of the application specification
> whether or not fallback to "disk-writing" is allowed or not. This is
> essentially what deleting the disk-writing text and adding a base
> accounting application id accomplishes.
> 
> However, I'm pretty uncertain whether the "M" bit approach is the
> right one. Remember that billing is a process inherently guided by
> a policy. How would we as accounting-application-writers know whether
> a particular field from the SIP protocol is or is not going to be
> necessary for printing the bill? The answer is that we do not, and
> any information specified in the application standard *could* be
> used. Furthermore, the information about whether the AVPs are
> mandatory in a specific business case is something that only the
> home network knows. Therefore, it is hard for us to do anything
> else than to declare most accounting AVPs mandatory, and then
> have the client set the bits. According to the rules below
> this would lead to the situation where the basic accounting
> application is used by almost no one.
> 
> This is undesirable since in many cases the basic accounting
> application would in fact be sufficient as long as the
> record reached the right server. On the other hand, the combination
> of the home domain and the accounting application Id would
> act as a convenient routing mechanisms to get to the dial-in/wlan/3g
> department accounting servers.
> 
> In conclusion my main concern is that there'll be new applications
> and we'll be under the mercy of the negotiation process. And I
> need to get vendor X's server to get it to work with their client,
> if they chose to invent a new application ID -- even if *I* think
> I can handle it with my disk-writing basic accounting mechanism.
> 
> But perhaps there's an easy fix to this. We could require that
> all implementations of DIAMETER basic accounting must be 
> _configurable_
> to advertise a specific accounting application support.
> 
> This would mean that we lose the automatic fallback to disk-writing
> server (but for a good reason noted by Marco). Instead, we have
> a human-controlled process.
> 
> Jari
> 
> Bernard Aboba wrote:
> 
> > 1. If the application not only requires new AVPs to be 
> present in the
> > application (e.g. ABNF mandates them), but also requires the billing
> > server to understand them (e.g. new AVPs have "M" bit set 
> in accounting
> > messages), then a new application ID is required, even if no new
> > commands are used, only ACR/ACA.
> > 
> > 2. However, if the application requires new AVPs to be present (ABNF
> > mandatory), but does not require the billing server to 
> understand them
> > (e.g. new AVPs don't have "M" bit set) and there are no new 
> commands, then
> > I'd argue that a new application ID is not required and 
> MUST NOT be used.
> > 
> > If you buy this argument, then I think the indicated fix is:
> > 
> > a. Delete the "disk writing" text.
> > 
> > b. Change the "Extensions" text to indicate that a new  accounting
> > application ID is needed only when there are new commands, 
> OR when new
> > AVPs defined in the application ABNF have the "M" bit set. 
> If there are no
> > new commands, and new AVPs are non-mandatory, a new 
> application ID MUST
> > NOT be used.
> > 
> > c. Add text to require that in accounting
> > commands, the "M" bit is only set when a backend billing server MUST
> > support the AVP in order to issue a correct bill. If the 
> backend billing
> > server can ignore the AVP in computing the bill, then the  
> AVP MUST NOT
> > have the "M" bit set within an accounting message, even if 
> the "M" bit
> > was set on that AVP within an authentication message.
> > 
> > d. Add a "standard accounting application" ID so that 
> accounting can be
> > used by itself within Diameter.
> 
> 
> 


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Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2002 09:29:42 -0400
To: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
Cc: Stura Marco <marco_stura@hotmail.com>, aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
Message-ID: <20020912132941.GA1503@catfish>
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On Wed, Sep 11, 2002 at 02:38:21PM -0700, Bernard Aboba wrote:
> > All of these AVPs are not mandatory (M bit is not set) but affect the bill
> > (e.g SIP-Method, SIP-Media-Info, SIP-From, SIP-To, SIP-Content-Body),
> > consequently a billing server capable of generating the bill for the usage
> > of SIP services must understand these AVPs or the same accounting
> > information in different format (e.g. AVPs translated to CDR ASN.1 coded).
> 
> I'd claim that the SIP/AAA specification has mis-classified these AVPs as
> non-mandatory. If the backend billing server MUST understand these AVPs,
> then the right thing to do is for them to have the "M" bit set as
> generated by the Accounting client.
> 

I agree that "M" bit is needed if an accounting server must be able to
process (inside the Diameter protocol) the AVP to support a particular
accounting application (e.g., prepaid).  However, I don't think "M"
bit is needed for a backend billing server to be able to process
billing outside the Diameter protocol, since accounting and billing
are closely related but they are different things.  I think the right
thing to do in this case is that the implementation of an accouning
server must be able to record all AVPs regardless whether "M" bit is
set or not (and regardless of whether it does not support AVPs that do
not have "M" bit set), and pass them to the billing server and let the
billing server choose whatever AVPs needed for creating appropriate
bills.  I think this is natural because the accounting server
basically does not know which information is used by the billing
server.

Yoshihiro Ohba



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 10:48:24 2002
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Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2002 09:48:04 -0500
From: Pete McCann <mccap@lucent.com>
To: <john.loughney@nokia.com>
Cc: <aboba@internaut.com>, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 352 - closed
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Did we resolve the IANA considerations issue for the experimental
(vendor-specific) Application ID allocation?  Bernard's text does not
directly address this issue.

-Pete

john.loughney@nokia.com writes:
 > Hi all,
 > 
 > Please consider issue 352 to be closed as issue 365 takes care of
 > points raised in it.
 > 
 > John



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 13:17:12 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Cc: Stura Marco <marco_stura@hotmail.com>, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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> I think the right
> thing to do in this case is that the implementation of an accouning
> server must be able to record all AVPs regardless whether "M" bit is
> set or not (and regardless of whether it does not support AVPs that do
> not have "M" bit set), and pass them to the billing server and let the
> billing server choose whatever AVPs needed for creating appropriate
> bills.  I think this is natural because the accounting server
> basically does not know which information is used by the billing
> server.

However, if the admins of the accounting server do know what the billing
system can handle, then they can configure the accounting server with the
set of application IDs corresponding to those supported services. That
way, they won't accept accounting packets containing unbillable services,
which saves headaches down the line (like not getting paid for authorized
sessions).




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 15:06:44 2002
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Date: Thu, 12 Sep 2002 15:05:56 -0400
To: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
Cc: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>,
        Stura Marco <marco_stura@hotmail.com>, aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
Message-ID: <20020912190556.GA706@catfish>
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On Thu, Sep 12, 2002 at 09:20:00AM -0700, Bernard Aboba wrote:
> > I think the right
> > thing to do in this case is that the implementation of an accouning
> > server must be able to record all AVPs regardless whether "M" bit is
> > set or not (and regardless of whether it does not support AVPs that do
> > not have "M" bit set), and pass them to the billing server and let the
> > billing server choose whatever AVPs needed for creating appropriate
> > bills.  I think this is natural because the accounting server
> > basically does not know which information is used by the billing
> > server.
> 
> However, if the admins of the accounting server do know what the billing
> system can handle, then they can configure the accounting server with the
> set of application IDs corresponding to those supported services. That
> way, they won't accept accounting packets containing unbillable services,
> which saves headaches down the line (like not getting paid for authorized
> sessions).
> 

I agree that such optimization is possible if the accounting server
has some knowledge (by configuration) about billing.  But I think this
still does not necessarily mean that the billing server should accept
only AVPs with "M" bit set.

Anyway, I agree with the proposed text for Issue 360.

Yoshihiro Ohba



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 12 15:23:17 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: Yoshihiro Ohba <yohba@tari.toshiba.com>
Cc: Stura Marco <marco_stura@hotmail.com>, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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> I agree that such optimization is possible if the accounting server
> has some knowledge (by configuration) about billing.  But I think this
> still does not necessarily mean that the billing server should accept
> only AVPs with "M" bit set.

I agree. The accounting server should be able to accept new AVPs without
the "M" bit set, since if the Billing Server can't handle them, it is free
to ignore them.

>
> Anyway, I agree with the proposed text for Issue 360.

Good.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Fri Sep 13 04:53:14 2002
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Hi!

Bernard Aboba wrote:
> 1. Change the following AVPs that use UTF8String to type 
> DiameterIdentity:
> 
> Origin-Realm AVP (6.4)
> Destination-Realm AVP (6.6)
> 
> 2. Change the definition of DiameterIdentity to OctetString.


Shouldn't DiameterIdentity, i.e. fqdn still be considered "text"?

If the fqdn is not UTF-8 encoded I think it should be ASCII encoded.
Data contained in AVP-type derived from OctetString does not necessarily
contain ASCII encoded data.

Or am I missing something here?


BR,
Mikko


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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 357: Inappropriate UTF-8 encoding (fwd)
Date: Fri, 13 Sep 2002 12:16:42 +0300
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From: <john.loughney@nokia.com>
To: <mikko.aittola@nokia.com>, <aboba@internaut.com>
Cc: <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
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Hi Mikko,

> Bernard Aboba wrote:
> > 1. Change the following AVPs that use UTF8String to type 
> > DiameterIdentity:
> > 
> > Origin-Realm AVP (6.4)
> > Destination-Realm AVP (6.6)
> > 
> > 2. Change the definition of DiameterIdentity to OctetString.
> 
> 
> Shouldn't DiameterIdentity, i.e. fqdn still be considered "text"?
> 
> If the fqdn is not UTF-8 encoded I think it should be ASCII encoded.
> Data contained in AVP-type derived from OctetString does not 
> necessarily contain ASCII encoded data.
> 
> Or am I missing something here?

From the original message:

 FQDNs are to be encoded as specified by the Internationalized Domain Name 
 (IDN) specification, not UTF-8. For example, see:

 http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-idn-idna-11.txt

and also below are comments from the IESG.

Do you seen any interoperability problems with the text Bernard 
has suggested?

John

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 10:44:32 -0400
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
To: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
Cc: brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 357: Inappropriate UTF-8 encoding

Bernard,

As an alternative, I suggest the DiameterIdentity type can be left
simply as an OctetString AVP, and reference to any charset dropped.
If you want to add details to how the DiameterIdentity value is to
be used, e.g., case-insensitive character comparison for octets in
the range 0-127, that would be consistent with 10[34/35].

The same issue came up recently in dnsext (unknown RDATA formats).

The same issue has been present in provreg (character encodings other
than UTF-8 (and UTF-16) are allowed by XML, if an encoding attribute,
or a byte order mark, or both is present, EPP is specified in XML
Schema notation, and is silent on the use of character encodings other
than UTF-8 except "in environments where parser encoding support
incompatibility might have an impact on interoperability", in which
case UTF-8 is RECOMMENDED).

Eric


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Fri Sep 13 06:11:02 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 357: Inappropriate UTF-8 encoding (fwd)
Date: Fri, 13 Sep 2002 13:09:26 +0300
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From: <mikko.aittola@nokia.com>
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Hi!

John Loughney wrote:
> Do you seen any interoperability problems with the text Bernard 
> has suggested?

I'm sorry, but I'm not sure what exactly is the current proposal
for the format of DiameterIdentity.

Are we mandating that all Diameter-boxes must support IDNs
and the encodings described in IDNA-draft?

What is the status of IDNA-draft and the related drafts? Can we
reference to them from Diameter Base RFC?


Then a simple question, just to make sure if I have interpretet
all this correctly:

Is it still ok to put, for example, host.abc.com ASCII encoded
to Origin- and Destination-Host AVPs?

I guess it wouldn't hurt to put couple examples of valid
contents of DiameterIdentity to the draft.


BR,
Mikko


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext [mailto:john.loughney@nokia.com]
> Sent: 13 September, 2002 12:17
> To: Aittola Mikko (NET/Helsinki); aboba@internaut.com
> Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 357: Inappropriate UTF-8 encoding (fwd)
> 
> 
> Hi Mikko,
> 
> > Bernard Aboba wrote:
> > > 1. Change the following AVPs that use UTF8String to type 
> > > DiameterIdentity:
> > > 
> > > Origin-Realm AVP (6.4)
> > > Destination-Realm AVP (6.6)
> > > 
> > > 2. Change the definition of DiameterIdentity to OctetString.
> > 
> > 
> > Shouldn't DiameterIdentity, i.e. fqdn still be considered "text"?
> > 
> > If the fqdn is not UTF-8 encoded I think it should be ASCII encoded.
> > Data contained in AVP-type derived from OctetString does not 
> > necessarily contain ASCII encoded data.
> > 
> > Or am I missing something here?
> 
> From the original message:
> 
>  FQDNs are to be encoded as specified by the 
> Internationalized Domain Name 
>  (IDN) specification, not UTF-8. For example, see:
> 
>  http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-idn-idna-11.txt
> 
> and also below are comments from the IESG.
> 
> Do you seen any interoperability problems with the text Bernard 
> has suggested?
> 
> John


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Fri Sep 13 08:32:13 2002
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Date: Fri, 13 Sep 2002 04:33:35 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: Stura Marco <marco_stura@hotmail.com>
Cc: yohba@tari.toshiba.com, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 360: Accounting standalone
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I will modify the text for issue #365 to incorporate this.

On Fri, 13 Sep 2002, Stura Marco wrote:

> Hi,
>
> sounds good, but perhaps It is better to add some text according to the Jari
> Arkko suggestion.
>
> Jari wrote
>
> "
> But perhaps there's an easy fix to this. We could require that
> all implementations of DIAMETER basic accounting must be _configurable_
> to advertise a specific accounting application support."
>
> Would you agree to update text for the issue #365 as follow?
>
> Br
> Marco



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Fri Sep 13 08:47:05 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: mikko.aittola@nokia.com
Cc: john.loughney@nokia.com, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 357: Inappropriate UTF-8 encoding (fwd)
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That was my original suggestion, but Eric Brunner-Williams provided us
with some background on how this has been handled in the past. Do you have
a suggestion for additional text that would make this more clear?

---------- Forwarded message ----------
Date: Tue, 10 Sep 2002 10:44:32 -0400
From: Eric Brunner-Williams in Portland Maine <brunner@nic-naa.net>
To: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
Cc: brunner@nic-naa.net
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 357: Inappropriate UTF-8 encoding

Bernard,

As an alternative, I suggest the DiameterIdentity type can be left
simply as an OctetString AVP, and reference to any charset dropped.
If you want to add details to how the DiameterIdentity value is to
be used, e.g., case-insensitive character comparison for octets in
the range 0-127, that would be consistent with 10[34/35].

The same issue came up recently in dnsext (unknown RDATA formats).

The same issue has been present in provreg (character encodings other
than UTF-8 (and UTF-16) are allowed by XML, if an encoding attribute,
or a byte order mark, or both is present, EPP is specified in XML
Schema notation, and is silent on the use of character encodings other
than UTF-8 except "in environments where parser encoding support
incompatibility might have an impact on interoperability", in which
case UTF-8 is RECOMMENDED).

Eric




On Fri, 13 Sep 2002 mikko.aittola@nokia.com wrote:

> Hi!
>
> Bernard Aboba wrote:
> > 1. Change the following AVPs that use UTF8String to type
> > DiameterIdentity:
> >
> > Origin-Realm AVP (6.4)
> > Destination-Realm AVP (6.6)
> >
> > 2. Change the definition of DiameterIdentity to OctetString.
>
>
> Shouldn't DiameterIdentity, i.e. fqdn still be considered "text"?
>
> If the fqdn is not UTF-8 encoded I think it should be ASCII encoded.
> Data contained in AVP-type derived from OctetString does not necessarily
> contain ASCII encoded data.
>
> Or am I missing something here?
>
>
> BR,
> Mikko
>



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Fri Sep 13 08:52:56 2002
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Date: Fri, 13 Sep 2002 04:55:43 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: mikko.aittola@nokia.com
Cc: john.loughney@nokia.com, <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 357: Inappropriate UTF-8 encoding (fwd)
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> I'm sorry, but I'm not sure what exactly is the current proposal
> for the format of DiameterIdentity.
>
> Are we mandating that all Diameter-boxes must support IDNs
> and the encodings described in IDNA-draft?

That's not a requirement for Diameter per se. But if you want to use an
FQDN that's incompatible with the IDN encoding, then there will be
problems. For example, FQDNs encoded with UTF-8 may not be valid.

> What is the status of IDNA-draft and the related drafts? Can we
> reference to them from Diameter Base RFC?

They're Internet drafts (work in progress). We can't have normative
references to them without holding up the documents -- and I don't think
we need to.

> Then a simple question, just to make sure if I have interpretet
> all this correctly:
>
> Is it still ok to put, for example, host.abc.com ASCII encoded
> to Origin- and Destination-Host AVPs?

Sure. The question is what you'd put into those AVPs if you had registered
a machine <"host" translated into Chinese>.abc.com.

> I guess it wouldn't hurt to put couple examples of valid
> contents of DiameterIdentity to the draft.

I think that that would require wading into the IDN swamp. The point is
that AVPs of type DiameterIdentity need to be valid FQDNs.




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Fri Sep 13 08:55:17 2002
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From: <john.loughney@nokia.com>
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Hi Bernard,

I think the text you proposed is sufficient for these purposes.  If
anyone disagrees, please supply exact text.

thanks,
John

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Bernard Aboba [mailto:aboba@internaut.com]
> Sent: 13 September, 2002 14:56
> To: Aittola Mikko (NET/Helsinki)
> Cc: Loughney John (NRC/Helsinki); aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 357: Inappropriate UTF-8 encoding (fwd)
> 
> 
> > I'm sorry, but I'm not sure what exactly is the current proposal
> > for the format of DiameterIdentity.
> >
> > Are we mandating that all Diameter-boxes must support IDNs
> > and the encodings described in IDNA-draft?
> 
> That's not a requirement for Diameter per se. But if you want 
> to use an
> FQDN that's incompatible with the IDN encoding, then there will be
> problems. For example, FQDNs encoded with UTF-8 may not be valid.
> 
> > What is the status of IDNA-draft and the related drafts? Can we
> > reference to them from Diameter Base RFC?
> 
> They're Internet drafts (work in progress). We can't have normative
> references to them without holding up the documents -- and I 
> don't think
> we need to.
> 
> > Then a simple question, just to make sure if I have interpretet
> > all this correctly:
> >
> > Is it still ok to put, for example, host.abc.com ASCII encoded
> > to Origin- and Destination-Host AVPs?
> 
> Sure. The question is what you'd put into those AVPs if you 
> had registered
> a machine <"host" translated into Chinese>.abc.com.
> 
> > I guess it wouldn't hurt to put couple examples of valid
> > contents of DiameterIdentity to the draft.
> 
> I think that that would require wading into the IDN swamp. 
> The point is
> that AVPs of type DiameterIdentity need to be valid FQDNs.
> 
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Fri Sep 13 09:17:56 2002
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Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 357: Inappropriate UTF-8 encoding (fwd)
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From: <mikko.aittola@nokia.com>
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Hi!

Thanks for clarification. The proposed text is fine.


BR,
Mikko


> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Bernard Aboba [mailto:aboba@internaut.com]
> Sent: 13 September, 2002 14:56
> To: Aittola Mikko (NET/Helsinki)
> Cc: Loughney John (NRC/Helsinki); aaa-wg@merit.edu
> Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 357: Inappropriate UTF-8 encoding (fwd)
> 
> 
> > I'm sorry, but I'm not sure what exactly is the current proposal
> > for the format of DiameterIdentity.
> >
> > Are we mandating that all Diameter-boxes must support IDNs
> > and the encodings described in IDNA-draft?
> 
> That's not a requirement for Diameter per se. But if you want 
> to use an
> FQDN that's incompatible with the IDN encoding, then there will be
> problems. For example, FQDNs encoded with UTF-8 may not be valid.
> 
> > What is the status of IDNA-draft and the related drafts? Can we
> > reference to them from Diameter Base RFC?
> 
> They're Internet drafts (work in progress). We can't have normative
> references to them without holding up the documents -- and I 
> don't think
> we need to.
> 
> > Then a simple question, just to make sure if I have interpretet
> > all this correctly:
> >
> > Is it still ok to put, for example, host.abc.com ASCII encoded
> > to Origin- and Destination-Host AVPs?
> 
> Sure. The question is what you'd put into those AVPs if you 
> had registered
> a machine <"host" translated into Chinese>.abc.com.
> 
> > I guess it wouldn't hurt to put couple examples of valid
> > contents of DiameterIdentity to the draft.
> 
> I think that that would require wading into the IDN swamp. 
> The point is
> that AVPs of type DiameterIdentity need to be valid FQDNs.
> 
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Mon Sep 16 09:57:08 2002
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Date: Mon, 16 Sep 2002 09:57:59 -0400
To: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
Cc: "Harri Hakala (LMF)" <Harri.Hakala@lmf.ericsson.se>, aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Issue 365: Revised Extensibility Section
Message-ID: <20020916135759.GA1045@catfish>
References: <F8EFC4B4A8C016428BC1F589296D4FBF1E0D10@esealnt630.al.sw.ericsson.se> <Pine.LNX.4.44.0209120441370.30518-100000@internaut.com>
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In order for parser dictionary to deal with the case in which new
mandatory AVPs for ACR/ACA commands are added to the ABNF with a new
application Id, I think the ABNF should include application-id as well
as comomand-id.  Otherwise, it would be difficult to handle the case
where some of the mandatory AVPs are required part of the commands.
So I would like to request for changing the Command Code ABNF
specification as follows:

      header           = "<" Diameter-Header:" command-id application-id
                         [r-bit] [p-bit] [e-bit] ">"


      command-id       = 1*DIGIT
                         ; The Command Code assigned to the command

      application-id   = 1*DIGIT
                         ; The Application Id used for the command


What do you think?

Yoshihiro Ohba


On Thu, Sep 12, 2002 at 04:49:11AM -0700, Bernard Aboba wrote:
> > Should here be mentioned also that if the basic accounting is used
> > without any mandatory AVPs or new commands, then the base protocol defined
> > standard accounting application Id (section 2.4) must be used in ACR/ACA
> > commands.
> 
> Yes. Have added the following text to the recommended changes for #365:
> 
> "The creation of a new accounting application should be viewed as a
> last resort and MUST NOT be used unless a new command is defined with
> the application, or new mandatory AVPs are added to the ABNF. If
> a Diameter accounting application requires no new mandatory AVPs
> and no new commands (only ACR/ACA are used), then the standard
> accounting application Id (section 2.4) MUST be used in ACR/ACA commands."
> 
> 


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 18 05:28:14 2002
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From: Xin Chen <x.chen@fle.fujitsu.com>
To: "'aaa-wg@merit.edu'" <aaa-wg@merit.edu>
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Policy Control function in Diameter
Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2002 10:26:59 +0100
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Dear all,
 
Does Diameter provide sort of policy control funcation like COPs for network
resource authorization? Is there any paper or RFC to evaluate the policy
based adminssion control capability between COPs and Diameter?
 
Regards
 
Xin Chen
Mobile Network Architecture
Fujitsu Laboratories of Europe LTD
Tel: +44 (0) 2086064453
Mobile: +44 (0)7775741020
 

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<DIV><SPAN class=078282509-18092002><FONT face=Arial size=2>Dear 
all,</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=078282509-18092002><FONT face=Arial 
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=078282509-18092002><FONT face=Arial size=2>Does Diameter 
provide sort of policy control funcation like COPs for network resource 
authorization? Is there any paper or RFC to evaluate the policy based adminssion 
control capability between COPs and Diameter?</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=078282509-18092002><FONT face=Arial 
size=2></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN class=078282509-18092002><FONT face=Arial 
size=2>Regards</FONT></SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2>Xin Chen</FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2>Mobile Network Architecture</FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2>Fujitsu Laboratories of Europe 
LTD</FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2>Tel: +44 (0) 2086064453</FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=left><FONT face=Arial size=2>Mobile: +44 (0)7775741020</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT face=Arial size=2></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 18 15:06:48 2002
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Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2002 11:09:14 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 367: Issues with MIP-12
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Issue 367: Issues with MIP-12
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 13, 2002
Reference:
Document: MIP-12
Comment type: E
Priority: S
Section: many
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

Overall comments:

This draft needs a terminology section. Feel free to steal this from the
Diameter Base document. The terminology section should include a
definition of the terms "session state" and "transaction state".

The terms Mobile Node, Home Agent and Foreign Agent are inconsistently
capitalized.

The term "key" appears to be used inconsistently within the
draft.

It would appear that the "keys" distributed by the AAAH to the Mobile Node
are fact nonces, which are combined with the long term pre-shared key
to generate the session key. Similarly, use of the term "security association"
is not always clear, since we have end-to-end SAs, hop-by-hop SAs, and
Mobile IP SAs. Specific instances where this occurs are pointed out in the
detailed comments on this issue.




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 18 15:14:13 2002
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Date: Wed, 18 Sep 2002 11:16:05 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Conclusion of AAA WG last call on Diameter Mobile IPv4 application
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AAA WG last call has concluded on "Diameter Mobile IPv4 Application",
recommended for consideration as a Proposed Standard. The draft
is available at:

http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-aaa-diameter-mobileip-12.txt

Only one comment was received (Issue #367). This comment (and other open
and resolved comments) are available for inspection on the Diameter
issues list, available at:

http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/AAA/issues.html

Since the one comment received was editorial in nature, once the comments
are incorporated in draft-ietf-aaa-diameter-mobileip-13.txt, the document
will be forwarded to the IESG for consideration as a Proposed Standard,
without another WG last call being required.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Thu Sep 19 12:56:39 2002
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Date: Thu, 19 Sep 2002 08:59:00 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: WG last call status
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The AAA WG has a number of drafts that have recently undergone AAA WG last
call. Here is a summary of their current state.

Diameter Base Protocol -- Completed AAA WG last call earlier in the month.
           There are both technical and editorial comments outstanding.
           An edited version incorporating the comments is expected in the
           near future and will be submitted to the ADs/IESG.

Diameter MobileIPv4 application -- Completed AAA WG last call this week.
           Both technical and editorial comments outstanding.
           Once an updated version if received, it will be submitted to
           the ADs/IESG.

For both drafts, see the list of outstanding issues and proposed fixes
below:

http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/AAA/issues.html



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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 368: Security issues with MIP-12
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Issue 368: Security issues with MIP-12
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 17, 2002
Reference:
Document: MIP-12
Comment type: T
Priority: S
Section: 5.2, 10
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

There is a potential weakness in the generation of MN session keys.
The size of the MN-HA long term shared secret is not specified.. Recommend
requiring this to be randomly chosen and at least 96-bits.
There is also no requirement that the session keys be temporally and
globally unique, and since they are only dependent on a 64-bit nonce, the
MN IP address, and the long-term secret, they could repeat.

While the keys are all encrypted, I'd suggest a larger nonce (128-bits),
and some additional mixing (such as by adding the FA IP address to the
hash).

Specific suggested changes below:

Section 5.2:

"5.2  Key Material vs. Session Key

   As described in section 1.6, each mobile IP security association that
  is generated by the AAAH will be propagated to the mobility agents
   and the mobile node in two different ways. All security associations
   destined for the home and foreign agents are sent as session keys,
   protected by IPSec or TLS as defined in the [DIAMBASE]. If strong
   authentication and confidentiality of the session keys is required
   due to involvement of intermediate Diameter agents, it is recommended
   that the CMS security application [CMS] be used.

   Since the security associations for the mobile node are propagated
   through the mobile IPv4 protocol, the security associations are
   always sent in the form of key material, which the AAAH computes by
   generating a random [RANDOM] value of at least 64 bits. The mobile
   node will then use the key material to derive the session key to be
   used for the security associations.

   The following is an example of a session creation procedure, which
   the mobile node has to comply with, using HMAC-MD5 as the hashing
   algorithm to derive the key (of course the same session creation
   procedure must also be used by the AAAH for the opposite key sent to
   the home agent and foreign agent). Additional algorithms are
   supported, and listed in [MIPKEYS], where also the HMAC-SHA1
   algorithm is recommended to be used.

   key = HMAC-MD5(AAA-key,{Key Material | node-address})

      Where:

         - AAA-Key is the long term secret shared between the mobile
           node and the AAAH.
         - Key material is a random [RANDOM] value of at least 64 bits.
         - node-address is the mobile node's identity. This is the
           contents of the MIP-Mobile-Node-Address AVP, unless the value
           of the AVP is all zero or ones, in which case of value of the
           User-Name AVP is used instead."

Some references to CMS need to be cleaned up, and
a 64-bit nonce is probably not enough. Reword to:

"As described in section 1.6, session keys and nonces are generated
by the AAAH and are transmitted to the home agent, foreign agent
and mobile node. Security associations destined for the home and
foreign agents are established via transmission of session keys and SPIs,
protected by transmission-level security as defined in [DIAMBASE].
Where it is necessary to protect the nonces, session keys and SPIs from
untrusted Diameter agents, end-to-end security mechanisms are required,
such as the CMS application [CMS], a work in progress.

The mobile node security associations are established via
nonces transmitted to the mobile node via Mobile
IPv4. To provide the nonces, the AAAH generates
a random [RANDOM] value of at least 128 bits. The mobile
node then uses the nonce to derive the MN-HA and
MN-FA session keys.

The session key creation procedure is described below in more
detail. HMAC-MD5 is used as the hashing algorithm to enable
session keys to be derived from the long term shared secret and the nonce.
The same procedure is used by the AAAH for creation of the session keys
sent to the home and foreign agent. Additional supported algorithms are
listed in [MIPKEYS], where the HMAC-SHA1 algorithm is recommended. (so why
is HMAC-MD5 used in the examples?)

key = HMAC-MD5(AAA-key,{Nonce | MN-address | FA-address})

Where:

- AAA-Key is the pre-shared key between the mobile
  node and the AAAH.
- Nonce is a random [RANDOM] value of at least 128 bits.
- FA-address is the address of the foreign agent.
- MN-address is the mobile node's identity. This is the
  contents of the MIP-Mobile-Node-Address AVP, unless the value
  of the AVP is all zero or ones, in which case of value of the
  User-Name AVP is used instead."

Section 10, security considerations:

"   This specification describes the Diameter Application necessary to
   authenticate and authorize a Mobile IP mobile node. The
   authentication algorithm used is dependent upon the transforms
   available by the Mobile IP protocol, and [MIPCHAL]. This
   specification also defines a method by which the home Diameter server
   can create and distribute session keys to be used to authenticate
   Mobile IP registration messages [MOBILEIP]. The key distribution is
   asymmetric due to the fact the keys to the mobile node have to be
   propagated via the mobile IP protocol [AAAKEY, MOBILEIP], while the
   mobility agent keys are propagated via the Diameter protocol. This
   means that the keys destined to the mobility agents are always
   protected by IPSec or TLS as defined in [DIAMBASE], when deployed
   without any Diameter agents, or protected using the methods defined
   in [CMS], when deployed in an environment that includes Diameter
   agents. The keys destined for the mobile node are always sent as key
   material, which is used to derive the actual keys, which means that
   it does not expose any data that could be used in an attack aimed at
   recovering the long term key shared between the mobile node and the
   home Diameter server.

   Periodic key refreshment is a fundamental security practice that
   helps against potential weaknesses of the function and keys, and
   limits the damage of an exposed key. Therefore, must the long-term
   shared secret between the mobile node and the home Diameter server
   also be periodically refreshed, by utilizing some out-of-band
   mechanism, since this shared secret cannot be refreshed by any in-
   band mechanism.

   It should also be noted that it is not recommended to set the MIP-
   Session-Key AVP value equal to zero, since keeping session keys for a
   long time (no refresh) increases the vulnerability of the system."

Clarification of vulnerabilities and keying terminology needed. Reword as
follows:

"This specification describes a Mobile IPv4 Diameter Application for
authenticating and authorizing a Mobile IPv4 mobile node. The
authentication algorithm used is dependent upon the transforms
used within the Mobile IP protocol, and [MIPCHAL]. This
specification also defines a method by which the home Diameter server
can create and distribute session keys and nonces for use in
authenticating and integrity-protecting Mobile IP registration messages
[MOBILEIP]. The key distribution is asymmetric since communication with
the mobile node occurs via the mobile IP protocol [AAAKEY, MOBILEIP],
while communication to the Home Agent and Foreign Agent occurs via the Diameter
protocol. As required by [DIAMBASE], transmission-level security (IPsec or TLS) MUST
be used between Diameter nodes. Where untrusted Diameter agents are
present, end-to-end security MUST be used, via mechanisms such as the CMS
application [CMS], a work in progress.

Nonces are sent to the mobile node, which are used to generate
the session keys via the HMAC-MD5 one-way function. If the nonces
are compromised, then the pre-shared key between the
mobile node and the home Diameter server would be vulnerable to
an offline dictionary attack. To prevent this, the pre-shared
key between the mobile node and the home Diameter server SHOULD
be a randomly chosen quantity of at least 96 bits.

Since the session key is determined by the long-term secret and
the nonce, the nonce SHOULD be temporally and globally unique;
if the nonce were to repeat, then so would the session key.
To prevent this, a nonce of at least 128 bits is REQUIRED.
The long-term secret between the MN and HA MUST be
periodically refreshed, to guard against recovery of the long-term
secret due to nonce reuse or other factors. This is accomplished
using out-of-band mechanisms, which are not specified in this document.

It should also be noted that it is not recommended to set the MIP-
Session-Key AVP value equal to zero, since keeping session keys for a
long time (no refresh) increases the level of vulnerability."



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Fri Sep 20 16:23:27 2002
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From: "Qi, Emily H" <emily.h.qi@intel.com>
To: "'Bernard Aboba'" <aboba@internaut.com>
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu, mobile-ip@sunroof.eng.sun.com
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 368: Security issues with MIP-12
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2002 13:23:33 -0700
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Bernard,

How is this randomly chosen pre-shared key (MN-AAAH) distributed? What kind
of out-of-band mechanism do you recommend? Should we have a draft to address
this issue? Or is it a deployment issue?

Regards,
Emily Qi

-----Original Message-----
From: Bernard Aboba [mailto:aboba@internaut.com]
Sent: Friday, September 20, 2002 6:35 AM
To: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 368: Security issues with MIP-12


Issue 368: Security issues with MIP-12
Submitter: Bernard Aboba
Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
Date first submitted: September 17, 2002
Reference:
Document: MIP-12
Comment type: T
Priority: S
Section: 5.2, 10
Rationale/Explanation of issue:

There is a potential weakness in the generation of MN session keys.
The size of the MN-HA long term shared secret is not specified.. Recommend
requiring this to be randomly chosen and at least 96-bits.
There is also no requirement that the session keys be temporally and
globally unique, and since they are only dependent on a 64-bit nonce, the
MN IP address, and the long-term secret, they could repeat.

While the keys are all encrypted, I'd suggest a larger nonce (128-bits),
and some additional mixing (such as by adding the FA IP address to the
hash).

Specific suggested changes below:

Section 5.2:

"5.2  Key Material vs. Session Key

   As described in section 1.6, each mobile IP security association that
  is generated by the AAAH will be propagated to the mobility agents
   and the mobile node in two different ways. All security associations
   destined for the home and foreign agents are sent as session keys,
   protected by IPSec or TLS as defined in the [DIAMBASE]. If strong
   authentication and confidentiality of the session keys is required
   due to involvement of intermediate Diameter agents, it is recommended
   that the CMS security application [CMS] be used.

   Since the security associations for the mobile node are propagated
   through the mobile IPv4 protocol, the security associations are
   always sent in the form of key material, which the AAAH computes by
   generating a random [RANDOM] value of at least 64 bits. The mobile
   node will then use the key material to derive the session key to be
   used for the security associations.

   The following is an example of a session creation procedure, which
   the mobile node has to comply with, using HMAC-MD5 as the hashing
   algorithm to derive the key (of course the same session creation
   procedure must also be used by the AAAH for the opposite key sent to
   the home agent and foreign agent). Additional algorithms are
   supported, and listed in [MIPKEYS], where also the HMAC-SHA1
   algorithm is recommended to be used.

   key = HMAC-MD5(AAA-key,{Key Material | node-address})

      Where:

         - AAA-Key is the long term secret shared between the mobile
           node and the AAAH.
         - Key material is a random [RANDOM] value of at least 64 bits.
         - node-address is the mobile node's identity. This is the
           contents of the MIP-Mobile-Node-Address AVP, unless the value
           of the AVP is all zero or ones, in which case of value of the
           User-Name AVP is used instead."

Some references to CMS need to be cleaned up, and
a 64-bit nonce is probably not enough. Reword to:

"As described in section 1.6, session keys and nonces are generated
by the AAAH and are transmitted to the home agent, foreign agent
and mobile node. Security associations destined for the home and
foreign agents are established via transmission of session keys and SPIs,
protected by transmission-level security as defined in [DIAMBASE].
Where it is necessary to protect the nonces, session keys and SPIs from
untrusted Diameter agents, end-to-end security mechanisms are required,
such as the CMS application [CMS], a work in progress.

The mobile node security associations are established via
nonces transmitted to the mobile node via Mobile
IPv4. To provide the nonces, the AAAH generates
a random [RANDOM] value of at least 128 bits. The mobile
node then uses the nonce to derive the MN-HA and
MN-FA session keys.

The session key creation procedure is described below in more
detail. HMAC-MD5 is used as the hashing algorithm to enable
session keys to be derived from the long term shared secret and the nonce.
The same procedure is used by the AAAH for creation of the session keys
sent to the home and foreign agent. Additional supported algorithms are
listed in [MIPKEYS], where the HMAC-SHA1 algorithm is recommended. (so why
is HMAC-MD5 used in the examples?)

key = HMAC-MD5(AAA-key,{Nonce | MN-address | FA-address})

Where:

- AAA-Key is the pre-shared key between the mobile
  node and the AAAH.
- Nonce is a random [RANDOM] value of at least 128 bits.
- FA-address is the address of the foreign agent.
- MN-address is the mobile node's identity. This is the
  contents of the MIP-Mobile-Node-Address AVP, unless the value
  of the AVP is all zero or ones, in which case of value of the
  User-Name AVP is used instead."

Section 10, security considerations:

"   This specification describes the Diameter Application necessary to
   authenticate and authorize a Mobile IP mobile node. The
   authentication algorithm used is dependent upon the transforms
   available by the Mobile IP protocol, and [MIPCHAL]. This
   specification also defines a method by which the home Diameter server
   can create and distribute session keys to be used to authenticate
   Mobile IP registration messages [MOBILEIP]. The key distribution is
   asymmetric due to the fact the keys to the mobile node have to be
   propagated via the mobile IP protocol [AAAKEY, MOBILEIP], while the
   mobility agent keys are propagated via the Diameter protocol. This
   means that the keys destined to the mobility agents are always
   protected by IPSec or TLS as defined in [DIAMBASE], when deployed
   without any Diameter agents, or protected using the methods defined
   in [CMS], when deployed in an environment that includes Diameter
   agents. The keys destined for the mobile node are always sent as key
   material, which is used to derive the actual keys, which means that
   it does not expose any data that could be used in an attack aimed at
   recovering the long term key shared between the mobile node and the
   home Diameter server.

   Periodic key refreshment is a fundamental security practice that
   helps against potential weaknesses of the function and keys, and
   limits the damage of an exposed key. Therefore, must the long-term
   shared secret between the mobile node and the home Diameter server
   also be periodically refreshed, by utilizing some out-of-band
   mechanism, since this shared secret cannot be refreshed by any in-
   band mechanism.

   It should also be noted that it is not recommended to set the MIP-
   Session-Key AVP value equal to zero, since keeping session keys for a
   long time (no refresh) increases the vulnerability of the system."

Clarification of vulnerabilities and keying terminology needed. Reword as
follows:

"This specification describes a Mobile IPv4 Diameter Application for
authenticating and authorizing a Mobile IPv4 mobile node. The
authentication algorithm used is dependent upon the transforms
used within the Mobile IP protocol, and [MIPCHAL]. This
specification also defines a method by which the home Diameter server
can create and distribute session keys and nonces for use in
authenticating and integrity-protecting Mobile IP registration messages
[MOBILEIP]. The key distribution is asymmetric since communication with
the mobile node occurs via the mobile IP protocol [AAAKEY, MOBILEIP],
while communication to the Home Agent and Foreign Agent occurs via the
Diameter
protocol. As required by [DIAMBASE], transmission-level security (IPsec or
TLS) MUST
be used between Diameter nodes. Where untrusted Diameter agents are
present, end-to-end security MUST be used, via mechanisms such as the CMS
application [CMS], a work in progress.

Nonces are sent to the mobile node, which are used to generate
the session keys via the HMAC-MD5 one-way function. If the nonces
are compromised, then the pre-shared key between the
mobile node and the home Diameter server would be vulnerable to
an offline dictionary attack. To prevent this, the pre-shared
key between the mobile node and the home Diameter server SHOULD
be a randomly chosen quantity of at least 96 bits.

Since the session key is determined by the long-term secret and
the nonce, the nonce SHOULD be temporally and globally unique;
if the nonce were to repeat, then so would the session key.
To prevent this, a nonce of at least 128 bits is REQUIRED.
The long-term secret between the MN and HA MUST be
periodically refreshed, to guard against recovery of the long-term
secret due to nonce reuse or other factors. This is accomplished
using out-of-band mechanisms, which are not specified in this document.

It should also be noted that it is not recommended to set the MIP-
Session-Key AVP value equal to zero, since keeping session keys for a
long time (no refresh) increases the level of vulnerability."


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Fri Sep 20 21:11:24 2002
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	Fri, 20 Sep 2002 17:13:37 -0700
Date: Fri, 20 Sep 2002 17:13:37 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: "Qi, Emily H" <emily.h.qi@intel.com>
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu, <mobile-ip@sunroof.eng.sun.com>
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 368: Security issues with MIP-12
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> How is this randomly chosen pre-shared key (MN-AAAH) distributed? What kind
> of out-of-band mechanism do you recommend? Should we have a draft to address
> this issue? Or is it a deployment issue?

It's a deployment issue.




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Mon Sep 23 14:40:21 2002
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Date: Mon, 23 Sep 2002 14:37:28 -0400
From: tonygjo@netscape.net
To: aboba@internaut.com (Bernard Aboba), aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 368: Security issues with MIP-12
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Hi Bernard,

Thanks for the comments and text proposals.


Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com> wrote:

>Issue 368: Security issues with MIP-12
>Submitter: Bernard Aboba
>Submitter email address: aboba@internaut.com
>Date first submitted: September 17, 2002
>Reference:
>Document: MIP-12
>Comment type: T
>Priority: S
>Section: 5.2, 10
>Rationale/Explanation of issue:
>
>There is a potential weakness in the generation of MN session keys.
>The size of the MN-HA long term shared secret is not specified.. Recommend
>requiring this to be randomly chosen and at least 96-bits.

Very good point.


>There is also no requirement that the session keys be temporally and
>globally unique, and since they are only dependent on a 64-bit nonce, the
>MN IP address, and the long-term secret, they could repeat.
>
>While the keys are all encrypted, I'd suggest a larger nonce (128-bits),
>and some additional mixing (such as by adding the FA IP address to the
>hash).

To change functionality given in the HMAC-MD5 example (section 5.2), means changes to the draft-ietf-mobileip-aaa-key-09.txt in which the 64-bit nonce (or key material as it is called) and the âmixingâ are defined. So, this would be more than editorial changes. May be a recommendation of using a nonce of 128-bits instead of a 64-bits would be enough?


/Tony


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From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Mon Sep 23 19:57:39 2002
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Date: Mon, 23 Sep 2002 15:59:38 -0700 (PDT)
From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: tonygjo@netscape.net
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 368: Security issues with MIP-12
In-Reply-To: <2AAF3912.4040E294.00224742@netscape.net>
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> To change functionality given in the HMAC-MD5 example (section 5.2), means
> changes to the draft-ietf-mobileip-aaa-key-09.txt in which the 64-bit
> nonce (or key material as it is called) and the mixing are
> defined. So, this would be more than editorial changes. May be a recommendation
> of using a nonce of 128-bits instead of a 64-bits would be enough?

The main thing is to make sure the session key is globally and temporally
unique. If the nonce can be guaranteed to be globally and temporally
unique, then this is sufficient. If not, then additional "mixing" is
needed.

Creating a globally and temporally unique nonce is not always so easy. It
needs to be unique across AAA server reboots; across MNs; across FAs. On
average, a nonce of N bits will repeat within 2^(N/2) tries, just due to
probability.




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 24 10:07:38 2002
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Subject: [AAA-WG]: Peer state machine - Diameter base
Date: Tue, 24 Sep 2002 17:09:10 +0300
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From: <Ext-Venkata.Ghadiyaram@nokia.com>
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Hi,

I have one query on the peer state machine. There is a difference in handling R-Conn-CER event when the state is R-Open and when the state is I-Open in the base protocol.

R-Open   R-Conn-CER    R-Snd-CEA    R-Open
                       R-Reject

I-Open   R-Conn-CER    R-Reject     R-Open

Can someone please explain why a R-Snd-CEA action is to be performed if R-Conn-CER occurs when the state is R-Open.

Thanks in advance.

Kishore


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Tue Sep 24 15:36:02 2002
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The draft "Diameter Mobile IPv4 Application" does not appear
to contain a reference as to how the FA is supposed to create
the MIP-MN-AAA-Auth AVP.

If there is a corresponding Mobile-IPv4 extension then that should
be mentioned (I guess it is defined in RFC 3012), as I think
it would be impossible to construct that AVP without this extension.

Subrata






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Hi all,

Issue 356 Base-13 Security issues with TLS up-negotiation Bernard Aboba 

Has now been fixed in the soon to be released Diameter base 13.

John


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 03:38:41 2002
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Issue 357 Base-13 Inappropriate UTF-8 Encoding Bernard Aboba 

Has now been fixed in the soon to be released Diameter base 13.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 03:41:02 2002
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Issue 358 Base-13 Issues with references Bernard Aboba 

Has now been fixed in the soon to be released Diameter base 13.



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Issue 360 Base-13 Accounting standalone Bernard Aboba 

Has now been fixed in the soon to be released Diameter base 13.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 03:44:51 2002
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Issue 361 Base-13 Support for TLS compression Bernard Aboba 

Has now been fixed in the soon to be released Diameter base 13.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 03:45:07 2002
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Issue 362 Base-13 Clarification of Proxy, Relay, and Redirect Usage Bernard Aboba  

Has now been fixed in the soon to be released Diameter base 13.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 03:47:49 2002
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Issue 363 Pending IANA Considerations issues Bernard Aboba  

Has now been fixed in the soon to be released Diameter base 13.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 03:51:58 2002
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Issue 365 Pending Revised Extensibility Section Bernard Aboba  

Has now been fixed in the soon to be released Diameter base 13.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 03:54:17 2002
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Issue 364 Base-13 Revised Introduction and Abstract Bernard Aboba 

Has now been fixed in the soon to be released Diameter base 13.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 03:56:32 2002
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Hi all,

Currently, I have the following issue open:

Issue 359 Base-13 Terminology and organizational issues Bernard Aboba 
Issue 366 No Discussion Vendor-Specific-Result AVP Bernard Aboba 

359 is simply some editing, so that should be completed shortly.

I will try to have the draft submitted by the end of the week & hopefully
the WG chairs can send it onto the IESG.

thanks,
John


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 04:03:07 2002
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Issue 366 No Discussion Vendor-Specific-Result AVP Bernard Aboba 

Has now been fixed in the soon to be released Diameter base 13.


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 04:18:13 2002
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Subject: [AAA-WG]: Issue 359 - possible reject
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From: <john.loughney@nokia.com>
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Hi all,

Bernard said (in issue 359) that:

>  I'd also note that I found it very confusing that section 8.2 (Accounting
>  State machine) occurs prior to Section 9 (Accounting). I'd recommend that
>  8.2 be moved to Section 9.9 (after definition of the AVPs, including
>  Accounting-Realtime-Required AVP).

As this is purely an editorial issue, and I am hesitant to do major section
reshuffling (I don't want to introduce cut&paste errors, errors due to
renumber sections, etc), would a possible compromise be that a note be added
to section 8.2, along the lines of:

  Section Section 9.7 for Accounting Command Codes and 9.8 for Accounting AVPs.

br,
John


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From: <john.loughney@nokia.com>
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Hi,

> Bernard said (in issue 359) that:
> 
> >  I'd also note that I found it very confusing that section 
> 8.2 (Accounting
> >  State machine) occurs prior to Section 9 (Accounting). I'd 
> recommend that
> >  8.2 be moved to Section 9.9 (after definition of the AVPs, 
> including
> >  Accounting-Realtime-Required AVP).
> 
> As this is purely an editorial issue, and I am hesitant to do 
> major section
> reshuffling (I don't want to introduce cut&paste errors, errors due to
> renumber sections, etc), would a possible compromise be that 
> a note be added
> to section 8.2, along the lines of:
> 
>   Section Section 9.7 for Accounting Command Codes and 9.8 
> for Accounting AVPs.

Of course, I meant:

	See section 9.7 for Accounting Command Codes and 9.8 
	for Accounting AVPs.


From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 08:01:18 2002
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Subject: [AAA-WG]: Peer state machine 
Date: Wed, 25 Sep 2002 15:01:52 +0300
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Thread-Topic: Peer state machine 
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From: <Ext-Venkata.Ghadiyaram@nokia.com>
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Issue 318:Peer state machine bug
Submitter name: Ghadiyaram Venkata Kishore
Submitter email address: Ext-Venkata.Ghadiyaram@nokia.com,	
Date first submitted: September 25, 2002
Reference: 
Document: Base
Comment type: T
Priority: 1
Section:
Rationale/Explanation of issue

In the peer state machine specification in the base protocol there is a difference in handling R-Conn-CER event when the state is R-Open and when the state is I-Open.

R-Open   R-Conn-CER    R-Snd-CEA    R-Open
                       R-Reject
I-Open   R-Conn-CER    R-Reject     R-Open

It should not be necessary to send a CEA as the state is already open on another another connection. The incoming R_CONN_CER can be just rejected. Moreover if a CEA is to be sent then which result code should be used by the CEA in this case.

Requested Change :

Change 

      R-Open           Send-Message     R-Snd-Message    R-Open
                       R-Rcv-Message    Process          R-Open
                       R-Rcv-DWR        Process-DWR,     R-Open
                                        R-Snd-DWA
                       R-Rcv-DWA        Process-DWA      R-Open
                       R-Conn-CER       R-Snd-CEA        R-Open
                                        R-Reject
                       Stop             R-Snd-DPR        Closing
                       R-Rcv-DPR        R-Snd-DPA,       Closed
                                        R-Disc
                       R-Peer-Disc      R-Disc           Closed
                       R-Rcv-CER        R-Snd-CEA        R-Open
                       R-Rcv-CEA        Process-CEA      R-Open

To

      R-Open           Send-Message     R-Snd-Message    R-Open
                       R-Rcv-Message    Process          R-Open
                       R-Rcv-DWR        Process-DWR,     R-Open
                                        R-Snd-DWA
                       R-Rcv-DWA        Process-DWA      R-Open
                       R-Conn-CER       R-Reject         R-Open
                       Stop             R-Snd-DPR        Closing
                       R-Rcv-DPR        R-Snd-DPA,       Closed
                                        R-Disc
                       R-Peer-Disc      R-Disc           Closed
                       R-Rcv-CER        R-Snd-CEA        R-Open
                       R-Rcv-CEA        Process-CEA      R-Open



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 09:45:08 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: john.loughney@nokia.com
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: RE: Issue 359 - possible reject
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> > to section 8.2, along the lines of:
> >
> >   Section Section 9.7 for Accounting Command Codes and 9.8
> > for Accounting AVPs.
>
> Of course, I meant:
>
> 	See section 9.7 for Accounting Command Codes and 9.8
> 	for Accounting AVPs.

This is fine.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 10:59:41 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: Ext-Venkata.Ghadiyaram@nokia.com
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: Re: [AAA-WG]: Peer state machine 
In-Reply-To: <9E3407CE45911B4097632389B77B2023018701E0@esebe014.ntc.nokia.com>
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Assigned Issue 369. See:

http://www.drizzle.com/~aboba/AAA/issues.html

On Wed, 25 Sep 2002 Ext-Venkata.Ghadiyaram@nokia.com wrote:

> Issue: Peer state machine bug
> Submitter name: Ghadiyaram Venkata Kishore
> Submitter email address: Ext-Venkata.Ghadiyaram@nokia.com,
> Date first submitted: September 25, 2002
> Reference:
> Document: Base
> Comment type: T
> Priority: 1
> Section:
> Rationale/Explanation of issue



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 19:26:33 2002
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Date: Wed, 25 Sep 2002 19:28:00 -0400
From: tonygjo@netscape.net
To: aboba@internaut.com (Bernard Aboba)
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 368: Security issues with MIP-12
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Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com> wrote:

>> To change functionality given in the HMAC-MD5 example (section 5.2), means
>> changes to the draft-ietf-mobileip-aaa-key-09.txt in which the 64-bit
>> nonce (or key material as it is called) and the mixing are
>> defined. So, this would be more than editorial changes. May be a recommendation
>> of using a nonce of 128-bits instead of a 64-bits would be enough?
>
>The main thing is to make sure the session key is globally and temporally
>unique. If the nonce can be guaranteed to be globally and temporally
>unique, then this is sufficient. If not, then additional "mixing" is
>needed.
>
>Creating a globally and temporally unique nonce is not always so easy. It
>needs to be unique across AAA server reboots; across MNs; across FAs. On
>average, a nonce of N bits will repeat within 2^(N/2) tries, just due to
>probability.
>

key = HMAC-MD5(AAA-key,{Key material | node-address})

As defined in [MIPKEY] - the node-address is iether the mobile node's NAI (if no IP address have been specified) or the mobile node's IP address (if IP address have  been specified). Isn't this enough?

/Tony

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From: tonygjo@netscape.net
To: sgoswami@umich.edu ("s. goswami")
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: MIP-MN-AAA-Auth AVP
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Hi Subrata,

Okay I'll change the reference in section 4.6

From:

[MOBILEIP]

To:

[MOBILEIP, MIPCHAL]

Thanks,

/Tony

"s. goswami" <sgoswami@umich.edu> wrote:

>
>The draft "Diameter Mobile IPv4 Application" does not appear
>to contain a reference as to how the FA is supposed to create
>the MIP-MN-AAA-Auth AVP.
>
>If there is a corresponding Mobile-IPv4 extension then that should
>be mentioned (I guess it is defined in RFC 3012), as I think
>it would be impossible to construct that AVP without this extension.
>
>Subrata
>
>
>
>
>


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From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 19:51:15 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: tonygjo@netscape.net
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 368: Security issues with MIP-12
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> key = HMAC-MD5(AAA-key,{Key material | node-address})
>
> As defined in [MIPKEY] - the node-address is iether the mobile node's NAI
> (if no IP address have been specified) or the mobile node's IP address
> (if IP address have  been specified). Isn't this enough?

The NAI is  invariant, so this implies that the session key will repeat if
the Nonce ("Key material") repeats anywhere that the MN attaches. If the
Nonce is globally and temporally unique, this won't happen -- but it helps
to specify how this might be accomplished. For example, one could combine
a random quantity with a counter, or NTP time, or a combination of
addresses that varies with the attachment point (e.g. CoA, FA address).




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 20:09:56 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: tonygjo@netscape.net
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 368: Security issues with MIP-12
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> key = HMAC-MD5(AAA-key,{Key material | node-address})
>
> As defined in [MIPKEY] - the node-address is either the mobile node's
>NAI (if no IP address have been specified) or the mobile node's IP
>address (if IP address have  been specified). Isn't this enough?

To be clear, the "Key Material" (e.g. Nonce) is encrypted, so that even if
it were to repeat, the attacker would not know this unless they had gained
control of one of the endpoints (assuming CMS is used).

However, since we *are* talking about a Nonce here (not a true key), it's
questionable whether encrypting it is required at any level, especially
CMS. As noted in the security considerations section, even if the Nonce is
compromised, you can't obtain the Session Key or the Pre-shared key
between MN and HA.

So I think that is an argument for not getting too wrapped around the CMS
axle, at least with respect to Nonces (session keys are another issue).

Assuming that the Nonces may be exposed to untrusted proxies, there is
value in making sure they are globally and temporally unique. You
shouldn't feel bound to explain how implementors will make that happen;
after all, RFC 2865 requires that the RADIUS Request Authenticator (128
bits) be globally and temporally unique, yet provides no guidance.

But judging by results (most RADIUS clients don't satisfy the
requirement), it seems to help to give guidance on how that can be
accomplished. This isn't a particularly major issue, so we can probably
wait until IETF last call (or longer) to figure it out. In the meantime,
let's get a corrected version of -12 on the archive so that we can start
the IETF last call process.



From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 20:34:31 2002
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Date: Wed, 25 Sep 2002 20:32:20 -0400
From: tonygjo@netscape.net
To: aboba@internaut.com (Bernard Aboba)
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 368: Security issues with MIP-12
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Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com> wrote:
...
>
>But judging by results (most RADIUS clients don't satisfy the
>requirement), it seems to help to give guidance on how that can be
>accomplished. This isn't a particularly major issue, so we can probably
>wait until IETF last call (or longer) to figure it out. In the meantime,
>let's get a corrected version of -12 on the archive so that we can start
>the IETF last call process.
>

Okay, so with hashing / nonce processing as of today in [MIPKEYS]....
How about the following (based on your previous text proposal)?

"5.2  Key Material vs. Session Key

As described in section 1.6, session keys and nonces are generated
by the AAAH and are transmitted to the home agent, foreign agent
and mobile node. Security associations destined for the home and
foreign agents are established via transmission of session keys and SPIs, protected by transmission-level security as defined in [DIAMBASE]. Where it is necessary to protect the nonces, session keys and SPIs from untrusted Diameter agents, end-to-end security mechanisms are required, such as the CMS application [CMS], a work in progress.

The mobile node security associations are established via nonces transmitted to the mobile node via Mobile IPv4. To provide the nonces, the AAAH must generate a random [RANDOM] value of at least 64 bits [MIPKEYS], however it is strongly recommended to generate a random [RANDOM] value of at least 128 bits. The mobile node then uses the nonce to derive the MN-HA and MN-FA session keys.

More details of the MN-HA and the MN-FA session key creation procedure are found in [MIPKEYS]. Recommended hashing algorithms to be use are HMAC-MD5 and HMAC-SHA1, where HMAC-MD5 MUST be supported [MIPKEYS]. Below follows an example, copied from [MIPKEYS], of the key creation procedure using the HMAC-MD5 hashing algorithm. The hashing algorithm is used to enable session keys to be derived from the long term shared secret and the nonce. The same procedure is used by the AAAH for creation of the session keys sent to the home and foreign agent. 


key = HMAC-MD5(AAA-key,{Key material | node-address})

Where:

- AAA-Key is the pre-shared key between the mobile
 node and the AAAH.
- Key material (nonce) is a random [RANDOM] value of at least 64 bits.
- node-address is the mobile node's identity. This is the
 contents of the MIP-Mobile-Node-Address AVP, unless the value
 of the AVP is all zero or ones, in which case of value of the
 User-Name AVP is used instead."

and Section 10, security considerations:

"This specification describes a Mobile IPv4 Diameter Application for
authenticating and authorizing a Mobile IPv4 mobile node. The
authentication algorithm used is dependent upon the transforms
used within the Mobile IP protocol, and [MIPCHAL]. This
specification also defines a method by which the home Diameter server
can create and distribute session keys and nonces for use in
authenticating and integrity-protecting Mobile IP registration messages
[MOBILEIP]. The key distribution is asymmetric since communication with
the mobile node occurs via the mobile IP protocol [AAAKEY, MOBILEIP],
while communication to the Home Agent and Foreign Agent occurs via the Diameter protocol. As required by [DIAMBASE], transmission-level security (IPsec or TLS) MUST be used between Diameter nodes. Where untrusted Diameter agents are present, end-to-end security MUST be used, via mechanisms such as the CMS application [CMS], a work in progress.

Nonces are sent to the mobile node, which are used to generate
the session keys via the HMAC-MD5 one-way function. If the nonces
are compromised, then the pre-shared key between the
mobile node and the home Diameter server would be vulnerable to
an offline dictionary attack. To prevent this, the pre-shared
key between the mobile node and the home Diameter server SHOULD
be a randomly chosen quantity of at least 96 bits.

Since the session key is determined by the long-term secret and
the nonce, the nonce SHOULD be temporally and globally unique;
if the nonce were to repeat, then so would the session key.
To prevent this, a nonce is strongly recommended to be random [RANDOM] value of at least 128 bits. The long-term secret between the MN and HA MUST be periodically refreshed, to guard against recovery of the long-term
secret due to nonce reuse or other factors. This is accomplished
using out-of-band mechanisms, which are not specified in this document.

It should also be noted that it is not recommended to set the MIP-
Session-Key AVP value equal to zero, since keeping session keys for a
long time (no refresh) increases the level of vulnerability."

/Tony



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From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Wed Sep 25 21:44:39 2002
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From: Bernard Aboba <aboba@internaut.com>
To: tonygjo@netscape.net
Cc: aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: RE: [AAA-WG]: Issue 368: Security issues with MIP-12
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> Okay, so with hashing / nonce processing as of today in [MIPKEYS]....
> How about the following (based on your previous text proposal)?

Looks fine.




From owner-aaa-wg@merit.edu  Fri Sep 27 06:13:16 2002
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From: "Subrata Goswami" <sgoswami@umich.edu>
To: <internet-drafts@ietf.org>
Subject: [AAA-WG]: 
Date: Fri, 27 Sep 2002 03:13:28 -0700
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Submitted a new Internet-Draft.


	Title		: DIAMETER Application for Mobile-IPv4 and
802.11 Authentication
	Author(s)	: Subrata Goswami
	Filename	: draft-goswami-aaa-mipv4-wlan-auth-00.txt


Abstract

This document describes a single way to perform both Mobile-IPv4  
and 802.11  authentication and key exchanges. Diameter Mobile-IPv4
Application can be used to consumate message sequences for both
802.11 and Mobile IPv4. If 802.11 pre-authentication is not done 
then it is possible to replace the currently proposed 802.1x 
Authentication/key-exchange with  Diameter Mobile-IPv4 Application.

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INTERNET-DRAFT                                            Subrata =
Goswami
Expires February 26, 2003                            Independent =
Consultant
                                                          Sept 27, 2002


      DIAMETER  Application for Mobile-IPv4 and 802.11 Authentication
             <draft-goswami-aaa-mipv4-wlan-auth-00.txt>


Status of this Memo

This document is an Internet-Draft and is in full conformance with all
provisions of Section 10 of RFC2026.

Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task
Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that other groups
may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts.

Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet- Drafts as reference material
or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt

The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT",
"SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED",  "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this
document are to be interpreted as described in RFC 2119 [RFC 2119].


Abstract

This document describes a single way to perform both Mobile-IPv4 =20
and 802.11  authentication and key exchanges. Diameter Mobile-IPv4
Application can be used to consumate message sequences for both
802.11 and Mobile IPv4. If 802.11 pre-authentication is not done=20
then it is possible to replace the currently proposed 802.1x=20
Authentication/key-exchange with  Diameter Mobile-IPv4 Application.


1.  Overview and Rationale

In the 802.11 wireless lan [WiFi] network an 802.11 client connects to =
an
802.11 Access Point (AP) at the link layer. 802.11 provides a mechanism =
to=20
achieve handoffs between AP's and the client. A 802.11 client first=20
authenticates and then associates with one AP. When the 802.11 client=20
decides that it is better to move to a second AP, it can do a =20
re-association  with the second AP.=20

Similarly when a Mobile-IPv4 (MIP4) client moves from subnet to subnet, =
it
seeks a Foreign Agent (FA) situated in the subnet and registers with the =
FA.=20
The IP packet sent in Registration Message has the Home IP address as =
the=20
source, and the  destination address can be the FA's IP address or the =
"All=20
Mobility Agents" multicast address 224.0.0.11.  The FA then responds =
with=20
Registration Reply message. The Registration Message also includes=20
Authentication Extensions. A significant hurdle in deployment of MIPv4 =
has=20
been the distributon and management of the security association between =
MN-HA,
FA-HA, and MN-FA.  Recently a method, Diameter Mobile IP v4 Application=20
(DIMPA), has been suggested by which all these 3 different keys can be=20
generated dynamically from a single shared secret between the MN and a=20
AAA agent [DIMPA]. This DIMPA provides in addition to its core=20
accounting functionality.

As mentioned in a previous draft [SIMIP], there is substantial overlap=20
between  what 802.11 and MIPv4 do during their respective registration=20
phases. As pointed out in that draft it is possile to nest these =
operations=20
and thus reduce the number of messages that need to be exchnaged between =

the MN and the infrastructre.  The same issues of overlapping work =
between=20
the 802.11i authentication phase and DIMPA registration arises.=20

The situation of non co-located FA is primarily considered here, =
although a=20
discussion of co-located FA is also provided. Here we will only=20
consider 802.11 infrastructure mode networks.=20

2. 802.11 Network Architecture.

A hypothetical IP over 802.11 network is shown in the following figure.=20
The mobile client, MN, can move from subnet X1 to X3 and from AP2 to =
AP3.=20

			[FA1]-[AAAF1]
 			  |       =20
	...	[AP1]-------[X1]-|
[MN]...       	  |		|=09
		[AP2]----		|----[X]----->  [HA]---[AAAH]
 					|=09
		[AP3/FA3]---[X3]-|
                     |
                   [AAAF3]

[MN] - Mobile Node
[FA] - Foreign Agent
[HA] - Home Agent
[AAAH/F] - Home/Foreign AAA Agent
[AP] - Access Point
[X]  - IP Router
...  - 802.11 link=20
---  - 802.3  link

					Figure 1: 802.11 Network with AAA Agents

When the MN moves from AP1 to AP2, it first Authenticates with AP2 and =
then=20
Dissociates with AP1 at the 802.11 link layer.  As the move from AP1 to =
AP2=20
occurs within the same subnet, hence the MN is still served by the same =
FA=20
and the same AAAF. When the MN moves from AP2 to AP3  it is served by a=20
different set of FA and AAAF, FA3 and AAAF3 respectively.

3.  Message Sequence

The following figure  shows the what happens when MN  moves from AP2 to=20
AP3. During the AP1 to AP2 handoff, the MN is in same subnet, hence  =
MIPv4=20
registration is not required, although 802.1x key-exchange is required.
Figure 2 depits the messages exchanged between the MN and the =
infrastructure.
Here the AAAF is assumed  to be  a RADIUS entity in addition to being a=20
DIAMETER [DIM] entity.  This particular figure depicts the situation
when 802.11 pre-authentication is not done.=20

We will first consider the scenario when 802.11 pre-authentication is=20
not done [WiFiTGi]. Then we will discuss the scenario with=20
pre-authentication.



MN			        AP2     AP3      FA3       AAAF3      AAAH      HA

 <---   802.11 Data ------>

 -- 802.1x EAP Start--------------->

 <- 802.1x EAP Req-Id---------------

 -- 802.1x EAP Res-Id-------------->

                                    --RADIUS Acc-Req--->
=20
                                                      ----------->

                                                      <-----------=20

                                    <-RADIUS Acc-Cha----   =20

 <-- 802.1x EAP Req 1-------------- =20

 --- 802.1x EAP Res 1------------->

						--RADIUS Acc-Req(1)->=20

                                    <-RADIUS Acc-Res(1)--
.
.

                                    <-RADIUS Acc-Acp/Rej--

 <--802.1x EAP Suc/Fal-------------=20
								=09
 <-- 802.1x Install Keys-----------

 -- 802.1x Key Install status----->

 -- 802.11 Dissoc-Req---->
=20
 ----- MIPv4  Reg-Req w/MN-AAA   ----------->

                                           --AAA AMR->
                                          Session-Id=3Dsid1

                                                    --AAA AMR->
                                                        sid1

                                                             =
---HAR------>
                                                                sid1

                                                             =
<--HAA-------
                                                                sid1

                                                    <---AAA AMA-
                                                        sid1

                                           <-AAA AMA-
                                              sid1

 <---- MIPv4  Reg-Res---------------------


	Figure 2. 802.11 and MIPv4 message sequences in series.

4. No 802.11 Pre-authentication

On the surface it looks like the 802.1x based =
authentication/key-exchange=20
and  DMIPA share a number of common messages.   Both message sequences=20
do authentication of the MN first and then do key exchanges.  So it =
should
be possible to combine both of them into a single message sequence. In a =

previous draft [SIMIP], it was suggested MIPv4 registration messages can =
be=20
carried as Information Elements (IE) in 802.11 Association/Reassociation =
frames. =20
Here the same IE's can be used. DIMPA provides an Attribute Value Pair =
(AVP)=20
called the MIP-MN-AAA-Auth AVP, which identifies the MN's security =
association
with the Home AAA agent (AAAH). The MIP-MN-AAA-Auth AVP is constructed
from the MIPv4 Registration Request containing the  Mobile IP =
Authentication=20
extension with the MN-AAA Authentication subtype [MIPCR,DMIPA]. DIMPA =
constructs
all the MIPv4 keys and distribute them.  So it is a simple incremental =
task for
DIMPA to generate one more key (RC4 40 or 104 bit for TKIP [WiFiTGi]) to =
share=20
between MN an AP. The following figure, Figure 3., shows a message =
sequence=20
for using DIMPA for both 802.11 and MIPv4 authentication and =
key-exchange.


MN			        AP2     AP3      FA3       AAAF3      AAAH      HA

 <---   802.11 Data ------>


 ----- 802.11 Associate with------->
      (MIPv4  Reg-Req w/MN-AAA)

                                  ----------> MIPv4  Reg-Req w/MN-AAA

                                            --AAA AMR->
                                          Session-Id=3Dsid1

                                                      --AAA AMR->
                                                        sid1

                                                               =
---HAR---->
                                                                sid1

                                                               =
<--HAA-----
                                                                sid1

                                                      <---AAA AMA-
                                                        sid1

                                           <-AAA AMA-
                                              sid1

                                   <--------- MIPv4  Reg-Res w/MIPv4 =
Auth Extensions

<---- MIPv4  Reg-Res---------------------
 (MIPv4  Reg-Req w/MIPv4 Auth Extensions)

	      Figure 3. DIMPA based combined 802.11/Mobile-IP authentication

5. With 802.11 Pre-authentication

To be added.

6. New IE, AVP, Mobile IP Extensions

6.1 New Information Elements in 802.11 Management Frames

No new IE is required except those mentioned in [SIMIP].=20

6.2 New Diameter AVP's

A new Diameter AVP is defined for the AP-to-MN key, MIP-AP-to-MN Key.=20


6.3 Mobile IP Extensions=20

No new Mobiel IP Extension is required, but a new sub-type, MN-AP=20
Authentication sub-type is defined.
=20
7. Mobile Entity Implications

There are some implications for the different mobile entities involved.

7.1 Implications for MN

The MN should be capable of passing the MIPv4 information to the 802.11=20
driver and vice-versa. At the instant the MN is ready to send an=20
Association Request it should be able to access the MN's Mobile-IPv4=20
attributes. Similarly, when the MN receives an Association Response =
there
should be a mechanism to change the Mobile-IPv4 attributes in MN.=20

7.2 Implications for 802.11 AP

The 802.11 AP should be able to extract/include the MIPv4-802.11 IE's.=20

7.3 Implications for FA

To be added

7.4 Implications for AAAH

To be added

7.5 Implications for AAAF

To be added

8. Co-located FA

To be added.

9. Miscellanious

To be added

10.  Acknowledgments

All the RFC's, ID=C6s, freely available  802.11 standards,  and Linux =
web-sites.
Dr. Bernard Aboba for many useful pointers.

Also apologize for submitting a hastily prepared draft.=20

11.  References

[WiFi] IEEE, "Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and=20
       Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications", 1999.

[MIPv4] Perkins, C., "IP Mobility Support", RFC 3220, January 2002.

[WiFiTGi] IEEE, "802.11i Draft 2.3", 2002.

[DIM] Calhoun, P et. al.,
      "Diameter Base Protocol", draft-ietf-aaa-diameter-12.txt, July =
2002.

[DMIPA] Calhoun, P. et. al., "Diameter Mobile IPv4 Application",=20
        draft-ietf-aaa-diameter-mobileip-12.txt, August 2002.

[SIMIP] Goswami,S., "Simultaneous Handoff of 802.11 and Mobile IPv4",
        draft-goswami-mobileip-simultaneous-handoff-v4-01.txt, September =
2002.

[MIPCR] Perkins,C., et.al., "Mobile IPv4 Challenge/Response Extensions", =

        November 2000.



8.  Author's Address

     Subrata Goswami, Ph.D.
     Independent Consultant
     Newark, CA 94560
     sgoswami@umich.edu


This document expires February 25, 2003.

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From: "Qi, Emily H" <emily.h.qi@intel.com>
To: mobile-ip@sunroof.eng.sun.com, aaa-wg@merit.edu
Subject: [AAA-WG]: Is there any Diameter/RADIUS server available for Mobile IPv4 app
	lication?
Date: Sun, 29 Sep 2002 10:34:49 -0700
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Hello, All,
 
Do you know any Diameter/RADIUS server that supports (or is trying to
support) Mobile IPv4 application?  The draft
draft-ietf-aaa-diameter-mobileip-XX.txt is for Diameter Mobile IPv4
application. Is there any draft that discusses RADIUS deployment in Mobile
IP?
 
I am planning to implement Mobile Node portion of the draft "AAA
Registration Keys for Mobile IP" (draft-ietf-mobileip-aaa-key-09.txt) and
looking for AAA servers to coordinate with.
 
Best Regards,
Emily Qi
 

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<div class=3DSection1>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=3DEmailStyle17><font
size=3D2 color=3Dblack face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Hello, =
All,<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=3DEmailStyle17><font
size=3D2 color=3Dblack face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=3DEmailStyle17><font
size=3D2 color=3Dblack face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Do you know any Diameter/RADIUS server that =
supports
(or is trying to support) Mobile IPv4 application?<span =
style=3D"mso-spacerun:
yes">&nbsp; </span>The draft draft-ietf-aaa-diameter-mobileip-XX.txt is =
for
Diameter Mobile IPv4 application. Is there any draft that discusses =
RADIUS
deployment in Mobile IP?<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=3DEmailStyle17><font
size=3D2 color=3Dblack face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=3DEmailStyle17><font
size=3D2 color=3Dblack face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>I am planning to implement Mobile Node =
portion of the
draft &quot;AAA Registration Keys for Mobile IP&quot;
(draft-ietf-mobileip-aaa-key-09.txt) and looking for AAA servers to =
coordinate
with.<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=3DEmailStyle17><font
size=3D2 color=3Dblack face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=3DEmailStyle17><font
size=3D2 color=3Dblack face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Best =
Regards,<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin-left:.5in'><span =
class=3DEmailStyle17><font
size=3D2 color=3Dblack face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:
12.0pt;font-family:Arial'>Emily Qi<o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>

<p class=3DMsoNormal><span class=3DEmailStyle15><font size=3D2 =
color=3Dblack
face=3DArial><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:12.0pt;font-family:
Arial'><![if =
!supportEmptyParas]>&nbsp;<![endif]><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></p>=


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