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From: Steve Lhomme <slhomme@matroska.org>
Date: Sun, 5 Nov 2017 19:18:48 +0100
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] Lacing for video frames
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Hi,

I see the subject is not very popular but I still want Matroska to be
the best, so I had a deeper quick look.

As I don't do any adaptive streaming encoding for the web I tried to
do it with ffmpeg but I failed miserably. Then I found these samples
from Apple [1].

So I took the lowest bitrate video [2] which is 530kbps according to
the manifest and 369 kbps according to MediaInfo. Then I remuxed it
with mkvmerge. Then go through mkclean and here are the results:
- 27 672 619 original fMP4 with H264
- 27 449 794 mkvmerge with default options (we win already)
- 27 447 068 mkclean with default options
- 27 439 197 mkclean with --live
- 27 357 090 mkclean with --remux and --optimize
- 27 349 220 mkclean with --remux and --optimize and --live

Same thing with the advanced HEVC sample that has 165 kbps variants
for HEVC and H264:
- 10 663 861 original fMP4 with H264
- 10 558 115 mkvmerge with default options (we win already)
- 10 554 002 mkclean with default options
- 10 498 886 mkclean with --remux and --optimize

- 11 492 052 original fMP4 with HEVC
- 11 410 786 mkvmerge with default options (we win already)
- 11 407 257 mkclean with default options
- 11 371 266 mkclean with --remux and --optimize

So in short, even with the 4KB padding that mkvmerge uses, the
Matroska variants are still smaller. With boundaries set at every
keyframe, that should do proper segments for adaptive streaming just
like with fMP4. Except with have a proper seeking cue, checksums on
vital parts and the possible extreme low latency described in my
earlier post. And all that without using lacing at all.

At 1.54% smaller in the second H264 sample, that's quite a difference
with no data lost at all.

[1]: https://developer.apple.com/streaming/examples/
[2]: https://devstreaming-cdn.apple.com/videos/streaming/examples/img_bipbop_adv_example_fmp4/v2/main.mp4

2017-10-29 16:53 GMT+01:00 Steve Lhomme <slhomme@matroska.org>:
> As some of you may know I was in San Fancisco a few weeks ago for 2
> conferences (FOMS and Demuxed) about video, mostly on the web. I did a
> blog about it here
> http://robux4.blogspot.fr/2017/10/foms-and-demuxed.html
>
> Among other interresting things I found out about a new video
> container called CMAF. It seems to be a set of guidelines around
> fragmented MP4 which I didn't know existed either. It's targeted
> mainly at web video distribution with adaptive streaming in mind. CMAF
> seems even more specified in distribution of encrypted (DRM) content.
>
> WebM is used the same way and can achieve the same level of features
> (and even more with Matroska). But while I dug a little more, I
> noticed that fragmented MP4 tend to be much smaller than the same
> content in Matroska/WebM (see blog post for some details). It's
> because with fragmented MP4 (or the files I analyzed) the video frames
> are packed contiguously, the boundaries and timestamp being stored in
> a separate atom (equivalent of an EBML Master) which itself doesn't
> contain more info that that.
>
> To compare a fragmented MP4 frame with Matroska it would be something like this:
> fMP4 = [encoded frame] + [size of encoded frame] + [key frame flag]
> MKV = [SimpleBlock ID] + [SimpleBlock Length] + [SimpleBlock Header] +
> [encodec frame]
>
> I think we could reduce our overhead to reach something more in line
> with fMP4. It would be mean allowing lacing for video frames
> explicitly. Right now there's nothing that prevent it from being used.
> It may lack some descriptions though on how to interpret the
> timestamps and the SimpleBlock flags. I think for video it should
> required a DefautlDuration being present for the track and also that
> all flags are the same in the (Simple)Block, especially the keyframe.
> I'm also not sure if mkvmerge blocks it for video or not.
>
> Because the same flag has to be present and because we store frames in
> coding order, there might be cases where this doesn't work. When B
> frames are present you cannot tell the frame timestamp within a lace.
> So that may limit the use with codecs like H264 or HEVC.
>
> --
> Steve Lhomme
> Matroska association Chairman



-- 
Steve Lhomme
Matroska association Chairman


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From: Moritz Bunkus <moritz@bunkus.org>
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] Lacing for video frames
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Hey,

I did read your mail, but to be honest I don't care all that much about
having the smallest possible files in all cases. In all comparisons I did
in the past Matroska came out looking very competitive (only Nut was
consistently smaller). On top of that my gut feeling was that lacing video
frames wouldn't give that much of an advantage to warrant a large investment
of time and effort.

Your measurements seem corroborate my gut feeling.

Kind regards,
mosu


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From: Steve Lhomme <slhomme@matroska.org>
Date: Sun, 5 Nov 2017 19:37:50 +0100
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To: Moritz Bunkus <moritz@bunkus.org>
Cc: Codec Encoding for LossLess Archiving and Realtime transmission <cellar@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] Lacing for video frames
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I agree. The only case where lacing is useful is when it actually
saves bytes. But lacing itself is not space efficient. So it's only
worth for very small frames and possibly similar frame sizes. That's a
rare/edge case for video.

On the other hand, this overhead thing is one of the key feature of
Matroska. It's why EBML and default values and lacing exist. That was
one of the main design goal and it would be side to have that
competitive feature lost.

2017-11-05 19:33 GMT+01:00 Moritz Bunkus <moritz@bunkus.org>:
> Hey,
>
> I did read your mail, but to be honest I don't care all that much about
> having the smallest possible files in all cases. In all comparisons I did
> in the past Matroska came out looking very competitive (only Nut was
> consistently smaller). On top of that my gut feeling was that lacing video
> frames wouldn't give that much of an advantage to warrant a large investment
> of time and effort.
>
> Your measurements seem corroborate my gut feeling.
>
> Kind regards,
> mosu
>
> _______________________________________________
> Cellar mailing list
> Cellar@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/cellar



-- 
Steve Lhomme
Matroska association Chairman


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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/cellar/6beYftI6WDU31kluG1FBNN8U4Mc>
Subject: Re: [Cellar] Lacing for video frames
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On 05.11.2017 19:33, Moritz Bunkus wrote:
> I did read your mail, but to be honest I don't care all that much about
> having the smallest possible files in all cases. In all comparisons I did
> in the past Matroska came out looking very competitive (only Nut was
> consistently smaller). On top of that my gut feeling was that lacing video
> frames wouldn't give that much of an advantage to warrant a large investment
> of time and effort.

Similar experience on my side. I looked at MP4 some time ago and found 
that this way of putting all index data into one box and all encoded 
data into another box has a negative impact on playback initialization 
time: A player has to load all the index data to be able to start 
playing. When file duration is some hours and network throughput is slow 
(web) the effect really hurts much more than what is gained by the 
possibly lower container overhead.

Fragmented MP4 compensates for the playback initialization time and 
enables DASH. As fast player initialization and DASH already seem to be 
supported by Matroska/WebM I see no big gain in further file size 
optimization -- the current numbers look comparable enough.

Just my personal thoughts.

Tobias


From nobody Sat Nov 11 11:59:15 2017
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] FFV1 for Film
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On 2017-10-30 17:55, Joshua Michael Yocum wrote:
> And here’s a direct link to the Google Doc in that folder as well:
> https://drive.google.com/open?id=1-nZj53eCuY_81qYVkVDdZRa_pkHicVzETaTAxkCcYD8

Thanks for the link to the document :)

btw: The Mediateka of the National Broadcaster of Slovenia (RTV:
http://www.rtvslo.si/) are also very interested in FFV1 for film (DPX
source).

MediaArea is working on a project for converting DPX to FFV1/MKV, called
"RAWcooked"
Also will have the ability to regenerate the original DPX files bit-exact:
https://mediaarea.net/Events/2017-11-10_NTTW_RAWcooked

Still looking for sponsors, so if you are interested please contact them!


Kind regards,
Peter B.


From nobody Mon Nov 13 06:10:54 2017
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Subject: [Cellar] Fwd: I-D was expired <draft-niedermayer-cellar-ffv1-02.txt>
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Hi all,

> Begin forwarded message:
>=20
> From: I-D Expiring System <ietf-secretariat-reply@ietf.org>
> Subject: I-D was expired <draft-niedermayer-cellar-ffv1-02.txt>
> Date: November 13, 2017 at 3:15:32 AM EST
> To: <draft-niedermayer-cellar-ffv1@ietf.org>
> Cc: ben@nostrum.com, cellar-chairs@ietf.org
> Resent-From: <alias-bounces@ietf.org>
> Resent-To: michael@niedermayer.cc, dave@dericed.com, =
jerome@mediaarea.net
>=20
> <draft-niedermayer-cellar-ffv1-02.txt> was just expired.
> This draft is in the state "I-D Exists" in the Datatracker.

Just a note for those seeing these notices. =
draft-niedermayer-cellar-ffv1-02 has expired but last July this document =
was superseded by draft-ietf-cellar-ffv1-00 which remains active.

Dave Rice=

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<html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html =
charset=3Dus-ascii"></head><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" =
class=3D"">Hi all,<div class=3D""><br class=3D""><div><blockquote =
type=3D"cite" class=3D""><div class=3D"">Begin forwarded =
message:</div><br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: =
-webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; =
color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">From: =
</b></span><span style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica =
Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=3D"">I-D Expiring System &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:ietf-secretariat-reply@ietf.org" =
class=3D"">ietf-secretariat-reply@ietf.org</a>&gt;<br =
class=3D""></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, =
sans-serif; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Subject: =
</b></span><span style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica =
Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=3D""><b class=3D"">I-D was expired =
&lt;draft-niedermayer-cellar-ffv1-02.txt&gt;</b><br =
class=3D""></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, =
sans-serif; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Date: =
</b></span><span style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica =
Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=3D"">November 13, 2017 at 3:15:32 AM =
EST<br class=3D""></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; =
margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;" class=3D""><span=
 style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, =
sans-serif; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">To: =
</b></span><span style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica =
Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=3D"">&lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:draft-niedermayer-cellar-ffv1@ietf.org" =
class=3D"">draft-niedermayer-cellar-ffv1@ietf.org</a>&gt;<br =
class=3D""></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: =
0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px;" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, =
sans-serif; color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Cc: =
</b></span><span style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica =
Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=3D""><a =
href=3D"mailto:ben@nostrum.com" class=3D"">ben@nostrum.com</a>, <a =
href=3D"mailto:cellar-chairs@ietf.org" =
class=3D"">cellar-chairs@ietf.org</a><br class=3D""></span></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: =
-webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; =
color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Resent-From: =
</b></span><span style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica =
Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=3D"">&lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:alias-bounces@ietf.org" =
class=3D"">alias-bounces@ietf.org</a>&gt;<br class=3D""></span></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
margin-left: 0px;" class=3D""><span style=3D"font-family: =
-webkit-system-font, Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif; =
color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 1.0);" class=3D""><b class=3D"">Resent-To: =
</b></span><span style=3D"font-family: -webkit-system-font, Helvetica =
Neue, Helvetica, sans-serif;" class=3D""><a =
href=3D"mailto:michael@niedermayer.cc" =
class=3D"">michael@niedermayer.cc</a>, <a href=3D"mailto:dave@dericed.com"=
 class=3D"">dave@dericed.com</a>, <a href=3D"mailto:jerome@mediaarea.net" =
class=3D"">jerome@mediaarea.net</a><br class=3D""></span></div><br =
class=3D""><div class=3D""><div =
class=3D"">&lt;draft-niedermayer-cellar-ffv1-02.txt&gt; was just =
expired.<br class=3D"">This draft is in the state "I-D Exists" in the =
Datatracker.<br class=3D""></div></div></blockquote></div><br =
class=3D""><div class=3D"">Just a note for those seeing these notices. =
draft-niedermayer-cellar-ffv1-02 has expired but last July this document =
was superseded by draft-ietf-cellar-ffv1-00 which remains =
active.</div><div class=3D""><br class=3D""></div></div><div =
class=3D"">Dave Rice</div></body></html>=

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From nobody Tue Nov 14 10:11:16 2017
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To: Codec Encoding for LossLess Archiving and Realtime transmission <cellar@ietf.org>
From: Jerome Martinez <jerome@mediaarea.net>
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Hello,

from http://ffmpeg.org/pipermail/ffmpeg-devel/2017-November/219642.html

there is a questioning (by myself) about the purpose of the following 
text in Matroska specs, about BlocckDuration:
"When set to 0 that means the frame is not a keyframe"

I don't understand this part. What is the relationship between being a 
key frame and the duration of the block?
I don't find an use case for setting 0 here, and what would be the 
expected result for a player.

Jérôme


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From: Steve Lhomme <slhomme@matroska.org>
Date: Thu, 16 Nov 2017 08:49:22 +0100
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To: Jerome Martinez <jerome@mediaarea.net>
Cc: Codec Encoding for LossLess Archiving and Realtime transmission <cellar@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] Matroska BlockDuration
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2017-11-14 19:11 GMT+01:00 Jerome Martinez <jerome@mediaarea.net>:
> Hello,
>
> from http://ffmpeg.org/pipermail/ffmpeg-devel/2017-November/219642.html
>
> there is a questioning (by myself) about the purpose of the following tex=
t
> in Matroska specs, about BlocckDuration:
> "When set to 0 that means the frame is not a keyframe"
>
> I don't understand this part. What is the relationship between being a ke=
y
> frame and the duration of the block?
> I don't find an use case for setting 0 here, and what would be the expect=
ed
> result for a player.

I think this is a mistake. Indeed it doesn't make sense. So it should
be removed. Even a duration of 0 in itself doesn't seem to make much
sense. After all Blocks in Matroska don't really have a duration
unless you explicitly set it.

Which BTW should be something that should be clarified. Especially in
the context of preservation, ie you're supposed to display the frame
as long as there is another usable frame, unless there's a duration.
In which case what happens is undefined behaviour. Same thing for
audio. Should it revert to black/silence ?

> J=C3=A9r=C3=B4me
>
> _______________________________________________
> Cellar mailing list
> Cellar@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/cellar



--=20
Steve Lhomme
Matroska association Chairman


From nobody Thu Nov 16 00:01:54 2017
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From: Jerome Martinez <jerome@mediaarea.net>
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] Matroska BlockDuration
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On 16/11/2017 08:49, Steve Lhomme wrote:
> 2017-11-14 19:11 GMT+01:00 Jerome Martinez <jerome@mediaarea.net>:
>> Hello,
>>
>> from http://ffmpeg.org/pipermail/ffmpeg-devel/2017-November/219642.html
>>
>> there is a questioning (by myself) about the purpose of the following text
>> in Matroska specs, about BlocckDuration:
>> "When set to 0 that means the frame is not a keyframe"
>>
>> I don't understand this part. What is the relationship between being a key
>> frame and the duration of the block?
>> I don't find an use case for setting 0 here, and what would be the expected
>> result for a player.
> I think this is a mistake. Indeed it doesn't make sense. So it should
> be removed.

OK. I'll send a patch.
Edit: in the meanwhile, I see the PR, you were quicker than me :).

> Even a duration of 0 in itself doesn't seem to make much
> sense. After all Blocks in Matroska don't really have a duration
> unless you explicitly set it.

The test case was reported
https://ffmpeg.org/pipermail/ffmpeg-devel/2017-November/219945.html
It makes sense, as you can not know in advance how long is the subtitle 
(it is the case for PGS in the example, it would be same for e.g. 
608/708 closed captions real time transcoding to UTF-8 Plain Text), so 
in the case of streaming you can not wait up to know the duration of the 
block before writing/sending the subtitle block.
Is there something else in Matroska for saying "do not display anymore 
the previous content"?

>
> Which BTW should be something that should be clarified. Especially in
> the context of preservation, ie you're supposed to display the frame
> as long as there is another usable frame, unless there's a duration.
> In which case what happens is undefined behaviour. Same thing for
> audio. Should it revert to black/silence ?

IMO it is the role of the player to decide what to show for "empty" 
stuff, and it is normal that the format does not define how to display 
no video (!= black, e.g. on a transparent screen it would be 100% 
transparent instead, and for any future technology you don't know what 
will be the way to display "no video") and no audio (!= silence).

Jérôme


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From: Steve Lhomme <slhomme@matroska.org>
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] Matroska BlockDuration
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2017-11-16 9:01 GMT+01:00 Jerome Martinez <jerome@mediaarea.net>:
> On 16/11/2017 08:49, Steve Lhomme wrote:
>>
>> 2017-11-14 19:11 GMT+01:00 Jerome Martinez <jerome@mediaarea.net>:
>>>
>>> Hello,
>>>
>>> from http://ffmpeg.org/pipermail/ffmpeg-devel/2017-November/219642.html
>>>
>>> there is a questioning (by myself) about the purpose of the following
>>> text
>>> in Matroska specs, about BlocckDuration:
>>> "When set to 0 that means the frame is not a keyframe"
>>>
>>> I don't understand this part. What is the relationship between being a
>>> key
>>> frame and the duration of the block?
>>> I don't find an use case for setting 0 here, and what would be the
>>> expected
>>> result for a player.
>>
>> I think this is a mistake. Indeed it doesn't make sense. So it should
>> be removed.
>
>
> OK. I'll send a patch.
> Edit: in the meanwhile, I see the PR, you were quicker than me :).
>
>> Even a duration of 0 in itself doesn't seem to make much
>> sense. After all Blocks in Matroska don't really have a duration
>> unless you explicitly set it.
>
>
> The test case was reported
> https://ffmpeg.org/pipermail/ffmpeg-devel/2017-November/219945.html

Not sure what needs to be fixed in mkvalidator. A 0 BlockDuration
doesn't seem right. In fact I wonder if we should just set in the
specs that the field MUST NOT be 0. It has a default value (of
DefaultDuration) which cannot be 0 too.

Is there a case where it would make sense to set 0 ?

> It makes sense, as you can not know in advance how long is the subtitle (=
it
> is the case for PGS in the example, it would be same for e.g. 608/708 clo=
sed
> captions real time transcoding to UTF-8 Plain Text), so in the case of
> streaming you can not wait up to know the duration of the block before
> writing/sending the subtitle block.

If it's streaming then the issue already exists in the original
stream, you can't tell the duration until you receive the next one, if
I understand correctly. It seems you don't need to set the duration in
Matroska for such a case. The next "frame" will erase the previous
one.

> Is there something else in Matroska for saying "do not display anymore th=
e
> previous content"?

Not for the moment. Does this exist anywhere else ? That sounds like
something that may be internal to the codec.

>>
>> Which BTW should be something that should be clarified. Especially in
>> the context of preservation, ie you're supposed to display the frame
>> as long as there is another usable frame, unless there's a duration.
>> In which case what happens is undefined behaviour. Same thing for
>> audio. Should it revert to black/silence ?
>
>
> IMO it is the role of the player to decide what to show for "empty" stuff=
,
> and it is normal that the format does not define how to display no video =
(!=3D
> black, e.g. on a transparent screen it would be 100% transparent instead,
> and for any future technology you don't know what will be the way to disp=
lay
> "no video") and no audio (!=3D silence).
>
>
> J=C3=A9r=C3=B4me
>
> _______________________________________________
> Cellar mailing list
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--=20
Steve Lhomme
Matroska association Chairman


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From: Jerome Martinez <jerome@mediaarea.net>
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Date: Thu, 16 Nov 2017 11:23:46 +0100
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] Matroska BlockDuration
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On 16/11/2017 10:52, Steve Lhomme wrote:
> Not sure what needs to be fixed in mkvalidator. A 0 BlockDuration
> doesn't seem right. In fact I wonder if we should just set in the
> specs that the field MUST NOT be 0. It has a default value (of
> DefaultDuration) which cannot be 0 too.
>
> Is there a case where it would make sense to set 0 ?

In the case there is nothing to show, e.g. a previous subtitle element 
which should disappear.

>
>> It makes sense, as you can not know in advance how long is the subtitle (it
>> is the case for PGS in the example, it would be same for e.g. 608/708 closed
>> captions real time transcoding to UTF-8 Plain Text), so in the case of
>> streaming you can not wait up to know the duration of the block before
>> writing/sending the subtitle block.
> If it's streaming then the issue already exists in the original
> stream, you can't tell the duration until you receive the next one, if
> I understand correctly. It seems you don't need to set the duration in
> Matroska for such a case. The next "frame" will erase the previous
> one.

The next frame is too far away. and has content.
Here, the issue is that the content is not linear, you have "holes" 
between frames.

One could provide an empty subtitle with no duration, but it is not 
exactly same as "no data" (e.g. black frame is a frame content, it is 
not the lack of frame).

IIUC, a duration of 0 is for saying "no more content starting now" in 
the use case. How to say that if mkvalidator says it is invalid?

An example:
1/ several frames with BlockDuration having the right value, content is 
correctly displayed.
2/ Last subtitle is displayed, it is file streaming and we don't know at 
this moment the duration, so BlockDuration is not filled (="value is 
assumed to be the difference between the timestamp of this Block and the 
timestamp of the next Block")
3/ At some point, we know that the subtitle stream should stop to be 
displayed (before the full duration indicated in the header). End of 
this stream. an empty subtitle with duration of 0 in order to say "this 
is the end of the stream", as the expected marker for the duration of 
the previous block.

With file on disk (no streaming), it is easy, BlockDuration in last 
subtitle block is used for setting the end of the subtitle track (step 2 
from above and there is no step 3), easy, but in the case of streaming 
there is no solution if I understand correctly, and a BlockDuration of 0 
could be a method for saying that this is the end of the previous block.

In other words, a BlockDuration of 0 is a method for saying "when there 
is a break in a track like for subtitle tracks" (in description of 
BlockDuration) when we do streaming without knowing in advance the 
duration of the previous block. I think it should not be marked as an 
error in mkvalidator.

I guess that a workaround is to have an empty subtitle block and to 
remove the BlockDuration when the goal is to clear the previous 
subtitle, just in the case of live streaming the meaning of the block is 
not really clear between "show black" and "this is a break in the track" 
as it is for differed time (with BlockDuration of the last frame). Not 
big impact, just some semantic in the case of live streaming.


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From: Steve Lhomme <slhomme@matroska.org>
Date: Fri, 17 Nov 2017 09:25:18 +0100
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] Matroska BlockDuration
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2017-11-16 11:23 GMT+01:00 Jerome Martinez <jerome@mediaarea.net>:
> On 16/11/2017 10:52, Steve Lhomme wrote:
>>
>> Not sure what needs to be fixed in mkvalidator. A 0 BlockDuration
>> doesn't seem right. In fact I wonder if we should just set in the
>> specs that the field MUST NOT be 0. It has a default value (of
>> DefaultDuration) which cannot be 0 too.
>>
>> Is there a case where it would make sense to set 0 ?
>
>
> In the case there is nothing to show, e.g. a previous subtitle element which
> should disappear.

OK but "should disappear" it's too vague. How is it signaled in the
original content ? This signaling defines how it should be handled in
Matroska. If there's an actual element that says the result rendering
of the previous element should stop then we need it in Matroska. If
there's a duration, then it needs to be set.

>>
>>> It makes sense, as you can not know in advance how long is the subtitle
>>> (it
>>> is the case for PGS in the example, it would be same for e.g. 608/708
>>> closed
>>> captions real time transcoding to UTF-8 Plain Text), so in the case of
>>> streaming you can not wait up to know the duration of the block before
>>> writing/sending the subtitle block.
>>
>> If it's streaming then the issue already exists in the original
>> stream, you can't tell the duration until you receive the next one, if
>> I understand correctly. It seems you don't need to set the duration in
>> Matroska for such a case. The next "frame" will erase the previous
>> one.
>
>
> The next frame is too far away. and has content.
> Here, the issue is that the content is not linear, you have "holes" between
> frames.

But if the original content has "holes" it needs to be preserved that
way. It may be intentional, it may be a bug in the source material but
how do you decide how it should be handled and where it should stop ?
You do not have that information in the first place.

> One could provide an empty subtitle with no duration, but it is not exactly
> same as "no data" (e.g. black frame is a frame content, it is not the lack
> of frame).
>
> IIUC, a duration of 0 is for saying "no more content starting now" in the
> use case. How to say that if mkvalidator says it is invalid?
>
> An example:
> 1/ several frames with BlockDuration having the right value, content is
> correctly displayed.
> 2/ Last subtitle is displayed, it is file streaming and we don't know at
> this moment the duration, so BlockDuration is not filled (="value is assumed
> to be the difference between the timestamp of this Block and the timestamp
> of the next Block")
> 3/ At some point, we know that the subtitle stream should stop to be
> displayed (before the full duration indicated in the header). End of this
> stream. an empty subtitle with duration of 0 in order to say "this is the
> end of the stream", as the expected marker for the duration of the previous
> block.

I don't think this is a good solution. On the muxer side you'd need to
know beforehand this is the last element of the stream. And as you
mentioned this may not even be an option when streaming.

Also if that element is damaged you'd end up with a stream that has
subtitles that never end ?

I agree we need to define how end of stream is handled for subtitles.
It's already done (maybe not in the specs) for video. The duration
should be set on the last video frame. The same thing should be done
for subtitles. But as seen above, that rule doesn't work if the last
element is damaged or the file truncated. So we should rather define
how to interpret data in case the duration is not known. Right now
it's a best effort approach. Most player will just use the audio as
basis and end playback with audio.

> With file on disk (no streaming), it is easy, BlockDuration in last subtitle
> block is used for setting the end of the subtitle track (step 2 from above
> and there is no step 3), easy, but in the case of streaming there is no
> solution if I understand correctly, and a BlockDuration of 0 could be a
> method for saying that this is the end of the previous block.
>
> In other words, a BlockDuration of 0 is a method for saying "when there is a
> break in a track like for subtitle tracks" (in description of BlockDuration)
> when we do streaming without knowing in advance the duration of the previous
> block. I think it should not be marked as an error in mkvalidator.
>
> I guess that a workaround is to have an empty subtitle block and to remove
> the BlockDuration when the goal is to clear the previous subtitle, just in
> the case of live streaming the meaning of the block is not really clear
> between "show black" and "this is a break in the track" as it is for
> differed time (with BlockDuration of the last frame). Not big impact, just
> some semantic in the case of live streaming.
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Cellar mailing list
> Cellar@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/cellar



-- 
Steve Lhomme
Matroska association Chairman


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To: cellar@ietf.org
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From: Jerome Martinez <jerome@mediaarea.net>
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Date: Fri, 17 Nov 2017 09:42:36 +0100
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] Matroska BlockDuration
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On 17/11/2017 09:25, Steve Lhomme wrote:
> 2017-11-16 11:23 GMT+01:00 Jerome Martinez <jerome@mediaarea.net>:
>> On 16/11/2017 10:52, Steve Lhomme wrote:
>>> Not sure what needs to be fixed in mkvalidator. A 0 BlockDuration
>>> doesn't seem right. In fact I wonder if we should just set in the
>>> specs that the field MUST NOT be 0. It has a default value (of
>>> DefaultDuration) which cannot be 0 too.
>>>
>>> Is there a case where it would make sense to set 0 ?
>>
>> In the case there is nothing to show, e.g. a previous subtitle element which
>> should disappear.
> OK but "should disappear" it's too vague. How is it signaled in the
> original content ?

For what I know (608/708), it is a "clear content" command if there is a 
still a stream (bytes are provided), or also the stream stops to be 
provided (i.e. 608 during content, no 608 bytes at all during ads, then 
608 again during content)
I understand that it could be considered as "this is a new frame with 
empty content so just send a black frame in your transcoding with no 
BlockDuration".
What is weird IMO is that you can indicate that the stream stops to be 
provided when you know it in advance (before the last frame so you can 
fill BlockDuration) but you can't indicate the exact same meaning when 
you don't know it in advance. IMO it is incoherency in the specs, with a 
"feature" available only in some cases (as Matroska is, if I understand 
well, aslo intended for streaming). "vague" or not is not the topic, as 
this issue is already there when you set BlockDuration.

> [...]
>
>
> I agree we need to define how end of stream is handled for subtitles.
> It's already done (maybe not in the specs) for video. The duration
> should be set on the last video frame. The same thing should be done
> for subtitles.

I don't think that there is any difference between video and subtitles 
(and audio). In all case it is easy if you know in advance (before 
writing the block) when it ends (you set BlockDuration), else it is not 
possible.
So I don't think that it is already done for video, it is the same issue 
(but no practical use case) for streaming.

***

Back to the practical issue: do you mean that in this case (hole in 
subtitles during file streaming), in order to have mkvalidator not 
complaining, the implementation should just put an empty subtitle with 
no BlockDuration, without doing any semantic difference between 
empty/black/silence content and hole in the stream?

Jérôme


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From: Moritz Bunkus <moritz@bunkus.org>
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Date: Sat, 18 Nov 2017 13:59:53 +0100
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Subject: [Cellar] MKVToolNix v18.0.0 releasedBcc: dev-zero@gentoo.org, "Tim Harder" <radhermit@gentoo.org>, "Lubomor Sedlacik" <salo@xtrmntr.org>, "Christian Morales Vega" <reddwarf@opensuse.org>, "George Vlahavas" <vlahavas@gmail.com>
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Hey people,

Welcome to release v18.0.0 of MKVToolNix. This is just a smallish bug fix
release which also contains a couple of performance improvements.

There were no changes for package maintainers.

Here are the usual links:

…to the source code: https://mkvtoolnix.download/source.html
…to the binaries: https://mkvtoolnix.download/downloads.html

The Windows and macOS binaries are available already. The Linux
binaries are stil being built and will be available of the course of
the next couple of hours.

Here are the NEWS since the previous release:

------------------------------------------------------------
# Version 18.0.0 "Apricity" 2017-11-18

## New features and enhancements

* build system: when building with clang v3.8.0 or newer, `configure` will no
  longer restrict optimization flags to `-O1` and use `-O3` again (older
  versions of clang suffered from excessive memory usage with higher
  optimization levels).
* build system: when building with mingw 7.2.0 or newer, `configure` will no
  longer restrict optimization flags to `-O2` and use `-O3` again (older
  versions of mingw suffered from bugs such as segmentation faults with higher
  optimization levels).
* build system: stack protection is enabled when building with clang 3.5.0 or
  newer on all platforms.
* mkvmerge: AVC & HEVC ES parsers: performance improvements by copying much
  less memory around.
* mkvmerge: tags: reintroduced a workaround for non-compliant files with tags
  that do not contain the mandatory `SimpleTag` element. This workaround was
  removed during code refactoring in release v15.0.0.
* GUI: multiplexer: the "AAC is SBR/HE-AAC/AAC+" checkbox in the "audio
  properties" section will be disabled if the functionality is not implemented
  for the selected track's codec & container.
* GUI: multiplexer: the "reduce to core" checkbox in the "audio properties"
  section will be disabled if the functionality is not implemented for the
  selected track's codec. See #2134.

## Bug fixes

* mkvmerge: AAC ADTS parser: fixed interpretation of the
  `channel_configuration` header element for ADTS files that do not contain a
  program configuration element: value 7 means 7.1 channels. Fixes #2151.
* mkvmerge: Matroska identification: the `date_local` and `date_utc`
  attributes will only be output if the identified Matroska file actually
  contains the "date" header field.
* mkvmerge: WebVTT: mkvmerge did not recognize timestamp lines if the hours
  components were absent. Fixes #2139.
* mkvpropedit, GUI's header editor: the `date` header field won't be added
  automatically anymore whenever the segment info section is edited and the
  `date` element is either deleted or not present in the first place. Fixes
  #2143.
------------------------------------------------------------

Have fun :)

mosu


From nobody Sat Nov 18 05:07:24 2017
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] MKVToolNix v18.0.0 released
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Hey,

…and I fail at email, obviously. My profound apology; I sincerely hope
never to do that again.

Kind regards,
mosu


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From: Steve Lhomme <slhomme@matroska.org>
Date: Sun, 19 Nov 2017 13:44:01 +0100
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] [Matroska-devel] Code Of Conduct
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All 4 PR's updated to use the same text to tell text has been added.
And all PR's merged.

So now the Code Of Conduct will be enforced on all our projects.

2017-11-18 15:59 GMT+01:00 Steve Lhomme <slhomme@matroska.org>:
> All 4 PR's updated.
>
> 2017-11-18 15:54 GMT+01:00 Steve Lhomme <slhomme@matroska.org>:
>> Yes I will update the PR's. I originally misread them, that if you
>> violate some CoC elsewhere you may not participate here. Adding lines
>> to the original may "taint" the text and confuse people (or they may
>> not notice). So I'll try to make this clear.
>>
>> 2017-11-18 15:51 GMT+01:00 Moritz Bunkus <moritz@bunkus.org>:
>>> Hey,
>>>
>>> great!
>>>
>>> I just noticed, though, that you didn't include the extension to the
>>> "Scope" section that Jerome talked about. What I mean is the following
>>> additional sentence:
>>>
>>>> In addition, violations of this code outside these spaces may affect a
>>>> person's ability to participate within them.
>>>
>>> I was under the impression you were OK with that?
>>>
>>> PS: I'm taking this as an opportunity to add the same CoC (including the
>>> wider "Scope" section) to MKVToolNix, too.
>>>
>>> Kind regards,
>>> mosu
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Matroska-devel mailing list
>>> Matroska-devel@lists.matroska.org
>>> https://lists.matroska.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/matroska-devel
>>> Read Matroska-Devel on GMane: http://dir.gmane.org/gmane.comp.multimedia.matroska.devel
>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> Steve Lhomme
>> Matroska association Chairman
>
>
>
> --
> Steve Lhomme
> Matroska association Chairman



-- 
Steve Lhomme
Matroska association Chairman


From nobody Sun Nov 19 07:47:45 2017
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Subject: [Cellar] status of FFV1 and EBML drafts
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Hi cellar,

At the IETF99 meeting in the minutes at =
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/minutes-99-cellar/ it discusses having =
a WG last call for FFV1 and EBML but also the need for more reviews of =
these documents. Is one issue blocking another? Meaning: should the =
group announce a last call in order to encourage more reviews or are =
more reviews needed in order to have a last call?

Best Regards,
Dave Rice


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From: Steve Lhomme <slhomme@matroska.org>
Date: Sun, 26 Nov 2017 10:07:03 +0100
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] status of FFV1 and EBML drafts
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Hi,

I won't comment on FFV1, although I should probably read it to see if
there's anything I don't understand.

For EBML I think there are still things to be done:
- clarify how to handle bogus data
https://github.com/Matroska-Org/ebml-specification/issues/48
- kind of relates to junk in Master Elements
https://github.com/Matroska-Org/ebml-specification/issues/92
In the context of long term storage it's probably very important to
solve these issues.

- DocType 0 as experimental/internal. We need to agree on this and then wor=
d it
https://github.com/Matroska-Org/ebml-specification/issues/157

After that I think we're good to got for EBML. There's currently no
pending pull request.

2017-11-19 16:47 GMT+01:00 Dave Rice <dave@dericed.com>:
> Hi cellar,
>
> At the IETF99 meeting in the minutes at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/=
minutes-99-cellar/ it discusses having a WG last call for FFV1 and EBML but=
 also the need for more reviews of these documents. Is one issue blocking a=
nother? Meaning: should the group announce a last call in order to encourag=
e more reviews or are more reviews needed in order to have a last call?
>
> Best Regards,
> Dave Rice
>
> _______________________________________________
> Cellar mailing list
> Cellar@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/cellar



--=20
Steve Lhomme
Matroska association Chairman


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From: Steve Lhomme <slhomme@matroska.org>
Date: Sun, 26 Nov 2017 10:17:24 +0100
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Subject: [Cellar] EBML DocType 0
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Hi,

We currently have a pending issue about how to define an experimental
version of a format.
https://github.com/Matroska-Org/ebml-specification/issues/157

We could either use DocType 0 to mark the version is in experimental
phase. Or we could add an element in the EBML Header that states the
status of the elements used.

I think the latter offers more flexibility. We could define that the
format in use in fully compliant with the version(s) set, that it adds
elements. In that case extra elements might be listed in the header.
That would be helpful to detect errors in the file since you know the
element IDs. But it might be complex. Since it would need the Path of
the element, its ID and the type. It would just mean we embed a DTD in
the EBML header (but just skipping the default/known elements).

IMO it is blocking the finalization of the EBML specifications, even
though it's an addition, because it will be key on how EBML formats
can evolve and still be compliant.

If we want to go the short way we might just add an element that we
know could be extended to a full DTD later. So a Master and a child
flag (standard/experimental/other?)

-- 
Steve Lhomme
Matroska association Chairman


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Hi,

The last remaining issues to fix before we can issue the last call on
the EBML specs is more text to explain how error handling is done. It
covers many possible cases.

Here are the cases I can think of (some mentioned here [1] and here [2]):

- multiple unique elements
- CRC element misplaced (it should always be first)
- ClusterTimecode misplaced (it should always be first or after the CRC)
- CRC mismatch with the content
- invalid EBML ID
- invalid EBML length
- Master element with junk data (most likely unidentified or bogus IDs)
- reserved EBML ID values
- elements not found anymore or not yet for the given DocType
- IDs with the inefficient size
- huge EBML Master size that can't hold in memory
- Elements with no default value with a size 0
- EBML element not in the right place according to the semantic

There are all reading/parsing errors. Based on what the reader is
supposed to do will also define the possibilities to create safe files
for a writer (see [2]).

I will reply to this email with what libebml does and how it was
originally designed to work. I think it's better we agree on the rules
for each case before doing patches for the specs.

[1] https://github.com/Matroska-Org/ebml-specification/issues/48
[2] https://github.com/Matroska-Org/ebml-specification/issues/92

-- 
Steve Lhomme
Matroska association Chairman


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From: Luca Barbato <luca.barbato@libav.org>
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] EBML DocType 0
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On 26/11/2017 10:17, Steve Lhomme wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> We currently have a pending issue about how to define an experimental
> version of a format.
> https://github.com/Matroska-Org/ebml-specification/issues/157
> 
> We could either use DocType 0 to mark the version is in experimental
> phase. Or we could add an element in the EBML Header that states the
> status of the elements used.
> 
> I think the latter offers more flexibility. We could define that the
> format in use in fully compliant with the version(s) set, that it adds
> elements. In that case extra elements might be listed in the header.
> That would be helpful to detect errors in the file since you know the
> element IDs. But it might be complex. Since it would need the Path of
> the element, its ID and the type. It would just mean we embed a DTD in
> the EBML header (but just skipping the default/known elements).
> 
> IMO it is blocking the finalization of the EBML specifications, even
> though it's an addition, because it will be key on how EBML formats
> can evolve and still be compliant.
> 
> If we want to go the short way we might just add an element that we
> know could be extended to a full DTD later. So a Master and a child
> flag (standard/experimental/other?)
> 

Having the DTD would be nice to build programs to inspect the container 
or convert to the non-experimental version later.

Since experimental files is pretty much an exceptional path and we all 
want to not have broken files disseminated around the world, probably 
the additional overhead might help dissuading the usual early adopters.

lu


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Subject: Re: [Cellar] EBML DocType 0
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--001a114a9bc0d29af4055ee4bbb0
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

I like Dave Rice's suggestion in the above Github Issue, following FFV1's
pattern of version subtypes to set and express intention, which also leaves
the wording of the element broad.

On Sun, Nov 26, 2017 at 10:15 AM, Luca Barbato <luca.barbato@libav.org>
wrote:

> On 26/11/2017 10:17, Steve Lhomme wrote:
>
>> Hi,
>>
>> We currently have a pending issue about how to define an experimental
>> version of a format.
>> https://github.com/Matroska-Org/ebml-specification/issues/157
>>
>> We could either use DocType 0 to mark the version is in experimental
>> phase. Or we could add an element in the EBML Header that states the
>> status of the elements used.
>>
>> I think the latter offers more flexibility. We could define that the
>> format in use in fully compliant with the version(s) set, that it adds
>> elements. In that case extra elements might be listed in the header.
>> That would be helpful to detect errors in the file since you know the
>> element IDs. But it might be complex. Since it would need the Path of
>> the element, its ID and the type. It would just mean we embed a DTD in
>> the EBML header (but just skipping the default/known elements).
>>
>> IMO it is blocking the finalization of the EBML specifications, even
>> though it's an addition, because it will be key on how EBML formats
>> can evolve and still be compliant.
>>
>> If we want to go the short way we might just add an element that we
>> know could be extended to a full DTD later. So a Master and a child
>> flag (standard/experimental/other?)
>>
>>
> Having the DTD would be nice to build programs to inspect the container or
> convert to the non-experimental version later.
>
> Since experimental files is pretty much an exceptional path and we all
> want to not have broken files disseminated around the world, probably the
> additional overhead might help dissuading the usual early adopters.
>
> lu
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> Cellar mailing list
> Cellar@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/cellar
>

--001a114a9bc0d29af4055ee4bbb0
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<div dir=3D"ltr">I like Dave Rice&#39;s suggestion in the above Github Issu=
e, following FFV1&#39;s pattern of version subtypes to set and express inte=
ntion, which also leaves the wording of the element broad. <br></div><div c=
lass=3D"gmail_extra"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Sun, Nov 26, 2017 at=
 10:15 AM, Luca Barbato <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:luca.barbat=
o@libav.org" target=3D"_blank">luca.barbato@libav.org</a>&gt;</span> wrote:=
<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-lef=
t:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><span class=3D"">On 26/11/2017 10:17, St=
eve Lhomme wrote:<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
Hi,<br>
<br>
We currently have a pending issue about how to define an experimental<br>
version of a format.<br>
<a href=3D"https://github.com/Matroska-Org/ebml-specification/issues/157" r=
el=3D"noreferrer" target=3D"_blank">https://github.com/Matroska-Or<wbr>g/eb=
ml-specification/issues/15<wbr>7</a><br>
<br>
We could either use DocType 0 to mark the version is in experimental<br>
phase. Or we could add an element in the EBML Header that states the<br>
status of the elements used.<br>
<br>
I think the latter offers more flexibility. We could define that the<br>
format in use in fully compliant with the version(s) set, that it adds<br>
elements. In that case extra elements might be listed in the header.<br>
That would be helpful to detect errors in the file since you know the<br>
element IDs. But it might be complex. Since it would need the Path of<br>
the element, its ID and the type. It would just mean we embed a DTD in<br>
the EBML header (but just skipping the default/known elements).<br>
<br>
IMO it is blocking the finalization of the EBML specifications, even<br>
though it&#39;s an addition, because it will be key on how EBML formats<br>
can evolve and still be compliant.<br>
<br>
If we want to go the short way we might just add an element that we<br>
know could be extended to a full DTD later. So a Master and a child<br>
flag (standard/experimental/other?)<br>
<br>
</blockquote>
<br></span>
Having the DTD would be nice to build programs to inspect the container or =
convert to the non-experimental version later.<br>
<br>
Since experimental files is pretty much an exceptional path and we all want=
 to not have broken files disseminated around the world, probably the addit=
ional overhead might help dissuading the usual early adopters.<br>
<br>
lu<div class=3D"HOEnZb"><div class=3D"h5"><br>
<br>
______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
Cellar mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Cellar@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">Cellar@ietf.org</a><br=
>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/cellar" rel=3D"noreferrer"=
 target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/l<wbr>istinfo/cellar</a><br=
>
</div></div></blockquote></div><br></div>

--001a114a9bc0d29af4055ee4bbb0--


From nobody Sun Nov 26 08:03:40 2017
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From: Jerome Martinez <jerome@mediaarea.net>
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] EBML DocType 0
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I am in favor to EBMLDocTypeVersionExperimental item, illegal for files 
complying to the standard.
I am not in favor to add a kind of "DTD" in the file, I don't see how to 
use it (if it is experimental, people know that the file is maybe not 
well supported, and the idea is not to spread such file)
IMO the idea of having a sub version in stable files as in FFV1 is not 
relevant here as FFV1 has no way to indicate that the stream is extended 
without this field, but we have a way to add more elements in EBML 
without breaking parsers (just by adding a new element value, old 
parsers just skip it).

On 26/11/2017 10:17, Steve Lhomme wrote:
> Hi,
>
> We currently have a pending issue about how to define an experimental
> version of a format.
> https://github.com/Matroska-Org/ebml-specification/issues/157
>
> We could either use DocType 0 to mark the version is in experimental
> phase. Or we could add an element in the EBML Header that states the
> status of the elements used.
>
> I think the latter offers more flexibility. We could define that the
> format in use in fully compliant with the version(s) set, that it adds
> elements. In that case extra elements might be listed in the header.
> That would be helpful to detect errors in the file since you know the
> element IDs. But it might be complex. Since it would need the Path of
> the element, its ID and the type. It would just mean we embed a DTD in
> the EBML header (but just skipping the default/known elements).
>
> IMO it is blocking the finalization of the EBML specifications, even
> though it's an addition, because it will be key on how EBML formats
> can evolve and still be compliant.
>
> If we want to go the short way we might just add an element that we
> know could be extended to a full DTD later. So a Master and a child
> flag (standard/experimental/other?)
>


From nobody Sun Nov 26 08:28:30 2017
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Date: Sun, 26 Nov 2017 17:28:22 +0100
From: Reto Kromer <lists@reto.ch>
To: cellar@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] EBML DocType 0
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Luca Barbato wrote:

>Having the DTD would be nice to build programs to inspect the
>container or convert to the non-experimental version later.

I agree with Luca. Best regards, Reto


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From: Steve Lhomme <slhomme@matroska.org>
Date: Sun, 26 Nov 2017 17:36:41 +0100
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] EBML Error Handling
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2017-11-26 16:13 GMT+01:00 Steve Lhomme <slhomme@matroska.org>:
> Hi,
>
> The last remaining issues to fix before we can issue the last call on
> the EBML specs is more text to explain how error handling is done. It
> covers many possible cases.
>
> Here are the cases I can think of (some mentioned here [1] and here [2]):

Here's what libebml does and how we originally wanted to handle those
cases. Let me know if it could be improved or if it's just wrong.

> - multiple unique elements

libebml doesn't actually for reading unique elements only once. But
there is a helper to read the first element of one EBML ID. So by
default the first value encountered is the one that readers would use.
Different parsers (like the one in VLC) usually work differently, they
parse an EBML level and finding a known value that should be unique
(for example video width) they set that value. If the element is
encountered many time the value is overwritten. So the last value is
actually used. I don't have any preference. I'm curious to know what
mkvmerge does. We should also check what ffmpeg does.

Given the streaming nature of EBML/Matroska it would make sense that
the first value encountered is used ASAP. But on the other hand a
unique value usually sets a state that must be interpreted when the
whole master element is read. So it may not matter that much. But
there is the case of the ClusterTimecode. It does matter for
streaming, it even has to be early in the Cluster. For this element
subsequent values should be ignored (unless they're equal, which makes
no difference). That would favor the 'first found sets the value'
approach.

> - CRC element misplaced (it should always be first)

IMO it should be considered as a false positive detection. In other
words if the parser reads [BF] as an ID but it's not the first
element, the data is probably incorrect and so should be handled as
such (see further in the mail). There's no way a correct writer would
misplace the CRC element.

> - ClusterTimecode misplaced (it should always be first or after the CRC)

Should not go in the EBML specs. But that's a case that needs to be
considered (see above).

> - CRC mismatch with the content

libebml doesn't enforce any behavior. It just tells if you the CRC-32
is valid when you ask. In the case of VLC (using libebml and
libmatroska), it doesn't care. A player in general will try to play
content even if it's partly bogus/damaged. So it's more a concern for
data analysis/recovery. So we may not need to define any policy at
all. An invalid CRC-32 value just means there's something wrong, but
you don't know where.

> - invalid EBML ID

libebml just skips data until it finds a proper ID. That is an ID that
is valid at the semantic level. The library also has a mode that
allows reading bogus data that seem to make sense (dummy reading).
That's useful for forward compatibility with files. It's the preferred
approach in VLC (it's optional and was the other way around in the
past). So here we may not define a specific policy either. forward
compatibility is something that is very important so it should
probably be the default way of handling things. Using dummy elements
also allow remuxing a file and keeping the original data even if you
don't understand them. It's not foolproof though if dummy data depend
on data or metadata (like position) that may be altered during
remuxing.

libebml has a twist though. Even if it finds a dummy element, it also
checks that the length is legit in the context (ie not bigger than the
parent). If it doesn't then the dummy ID is considered invalid and it
starts parsing the next octets. Meaning there's a "hole" in the EBML
data.

> - invalid EBML length

That's the case described above. libebml doesn't allow elements
outside of the parent boundaries. That helps with false positive when
encountering unknown element IDs. If such an error is detected, it
starts parsing the next octets, resulting in a "hole" in the EBML
data.

By next octet I mean the first octet after the EBML ID+Length fields.
So if you have [AA][BB][CC] octets, it will start parsing the next ID
using the [BB] octet and further. The hole is the [AA] octet.

Just like with the CRC-32 a player will not care much about those
errors. It's more important for data analysis and possibly detecting
the position of bogus data.

> - Master element with junk data (most likely unidentified or bogus IDs)

Again, we live in a world where bogus files will exist, even
unintentionally. Players (at least the sane ones) will try to extract
as much valid data from the source and not care about the rest.
Regular users will not care if something may be wrong somewhere in the
file. So the question is more for data analysis/recovery.

As seen above, there might be dummy data. That looks totally right but
are unknown. And there might be "holes" for data that really didn't
make sense the EBML way. Data analysis programs may want to treat them
differently. But I'm not sure defining a policy makes much sense. What
is more important is that the same bogus data is handled the same way
between parsers. As mentioned during No Time To Wait 2, the same bits
should produce the same output. So we should probably agree on how
these 2 kinds data error are generated rather than what to do with
them.

> - reserved EBML ID values

For libebml it falls in the category of dummy data.
The specs currently say "Any Element ID with the VINT_DATA component
set as all zero values or all one values MUST be ignored and MUST NOT
be considered an error in the EBML Document". It doesn't say what to
do with [80] as an ID for example. IMO it should be considered an
invalid ID (see above) and so skip to the next octet (EBML "hole").

> - elements not found anymore

libebml doesn't do any version check on the semantic. This may not be
good. Finding old IDs may be a sign of damaged data rather than bogus
writer. On the other mkvalidator does such check and it's common to
find mismatches. Especially with an ever evolving format like WebM. I
think it's better to read these elements and let the upper level
reader deal with the version mismatch.

In the case of deprecated value there's a big chance it's element that
are supposedly never used, so the data can be handled as valid but
unused by the upper layer.

> or not yet for the given DocType

This is related to the Doctype 0/Experimental field/DTD discussion.
libebml currently reads them as valid "dummy" elements (unless you
disable dummy mode). As seen above the data could be remuxed as is
even when not knowing what they do. I don't think they should be
handled as errors. But it may change depending on how we define for
experimental IDs. Especially how we handle current existing files, if
they are considered as strict (therefore all unknown IDs are junk
data, not dummy elements).

> - IDs with the inefficient size

libebml predates the decision of enforcing the most efficient size for
IDs. So it allows that.
Now the specs say "The VINT_DATA component of the Element ID MUST be
encoded at the shortest valid length". So when a data with the
improper size is encountered, it must be considered as junk data. I
don't think any files exist with IDs stored as such (or very early
Matroska files). So it should be safe to go that way.

> - huge EBML Master size that can't hold in memory

"640 KB ought to be enough for everyone" is famous for being right at
the time and wrong now. So it would be hard to set a hard limit. And
if we don't it would violate the "same bit produces the same data
rule". Also the amount of memory available really depends on the
particular machine the program runs on at a given time. Also Unknown
Size elements are not meant to be held in memory anyway but to
minimize latency (and backward writing when it's not possible).
Not sure what to do here.

> - Elements <NON Master> with no default value with a size 0

libebml gives 0 for an integer with no size. Should it be considered a
bug in the writing app or bogus data ? Not sure what to do here. If we
decide to read it as the element it is (ie not as junk data producing
a hole) it is in an unreadable state. It has no value that can be
read. And it cannot be used without a value.

> - EBML element not in the right place according to the semantic

libebml would produce a dummy element or a hole depending on the
reading mode. IMO it's junk data. If a writer writes this it cannot
expect the data to be handled properly.
Depending on the philosophy we use here will define how strict the
writer output needs to be. If we say it's OK then it's kinda OK to
have such bugs in writers.

> There are all reading/parsing errors. Based on what the reader is
> supposed to do will also define the possibilities to create safe files
> for a writer (see [2]).
>
> I will reply to this email with what libebml does and how it was
> originally designed to work. I think it's better we agree on the rules
> for each case before doing patches for the specs.

So this is a long reply to a complex topic. We have 2 current outcomes
(dummy and hole) in libebml. Maybe you can think of different ways to
handle things.

> [1] https://github.com/Matroska-Org/ebml-specification/issues/48
> [2] https://github.com/Matroska-Org/ebml-specification/issues/92
>
> --
> Steve Lhomme
> Matroska association Chairman



-- 
Steve Lhomme
Matroska association Chairman


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From: Steve Lhomme <slhomme@matroska.org>
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] EBML DocType 0
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2017-11-26 17:28 GMT+01:00 Reto Kromer <lists@reto.ch>:
> Luca Barbato wrote:
>
>>Having the DTD would be nice to build programs to inspect the
>>container or convert to the non-experimental version later.
>
> I agree with Luca. Best regards, Reto

I agree too that it's the cleanest approach. The problem is that it is
going be tricky to define such a DTD. Parsers will have to implement
an EBML Path parser and integrate that in various libraries. IMO that
should be for an EBML 2.

We could have a rough idea of how to do it though and just keep the
structure that tells a file may contain IDs outside of the known
scope. If anything just having an EBMLDoctypeDTD master element
present with nothing in it. Signaling that there might be unknown
elements in the file. (or rather something like
EBMLDoctypeDTD/ExtraElements).

> _______________________________________________
> Cellar mailing list
> Cellar@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/cellar



-- 
Steve Lhomme
Matroska association Chairman


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Date: Sun, 26 Nov 2017 18:26:01 +0100
From: Michael Niedermayer <michael@niedermayer.cc>
To: cellar@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [Cellar] status of FFV1 and EBML drafts
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On Sun, Nov 19, 2017 at 10:47:32AM -0500, Dave Rice wrote:
> Hi cellar,
>=20
> At the IETF99 meeting in the minutes at https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/=
minutes-99-cellar/ it discusses having a WG last call for FFV1 and EBML but=
 also the need for more reviews of these documents. Is one issue blocking a=
nother? Meaning: should the group announce a last call in order to encourag=
e more reviews or are more reviews needed in order to have a last call?

There are quite a few things in FFV1 i do want to look at. I just
keep pushing it away as ive too many other things to do
Bayer RGB, floating point samples, palettes, motion compensation, ...
Iam not sure how any of it relates to the "last call" ...
Also in general i would be in favor of "release early, release often"

Thanks

[...]

--=20
Michael     GnuPG fingerprint: 9FF2128B147EF6730BADF133611EC787040B0FAB

Modern terrorism, a quick summary: Need oil, start war with country that
has oil, kill hundread thousand in war. Let country fall into chaos,
be surprised about raise of fundamantalists. Drop more bombs, kill more
people, be surprised about them taking revenge and drop even more bombs
and strip your own citizens of their rights and freedoms. to be continued

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