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From: Cullen Jennings <fluffy@cisco.com>
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Subject: [dispatch] test 4
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4


From root@core3.amsl.com  Tue Apr 14 13:00:02 2009
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Cc: dispatch@ietf.org, Gonzalo.Camarillo@ericsson.com, Mary.Barnes@nortel.com
Subject: [dispatch] WG Action: Dispatch (dispatch)
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A new IETF working group has been formed in the Real-time Applications and
Infrastructure Area.  For additional information, please contact the Area
Directors or the WG Chairs.

Dispatch (dispatch)
-------------------------------------------------- 
Current Status: Active Working Group

Last Modified: 2009-04-13

Chairs:
Gonzalo Camarillo [Gonzalo.Camarillo@ericsson.com]
Mary Barnes [Mary.Barnes@nortel.com]

Real-time Applications and Infrastructure Area Directors:
Cullen Jennings [fluffy@cisco.com]
Robert Sparks [rjsparks@nostrum.com]

Real-time Applications and Infrastructure Area Advisor:
Cullen Jennings [fluffy@cisco.com]

Mailing Lists:

General Discussion: dispatch@ietf.org
To Subscribe: https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dispatch
Archive: http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/dispatch/

Group Description: 

The Dispatch working group is chartered to consider proposals for
new work in the RAI area and identify, or help create, an appropriate
venue for the work. Options for handling new work include:

- Directing the work to an existing WG.
- Developing a proposal for a BOF.
- Developing a charter and establishing consensus for a new WG
or Exploratory Group. This option will primarily be used with
fairly mature and well-defined efforts.
- Rejecting and deferring work.

A major objective of the DISPATCH WG is to provide timely, clear
dispositions of new efforts. Where there is consensus to take
on new work, the WG will strive to quickly find a home for it.
Reconsideration of proposals which have failed to gather consensus
will be prioritized behind proposals for new work which have not
yet been considered. In general, requests for reconsideration
should only be made once a proposal has been significantly
revised.

Guiding principles will include:

1. Providing a clear problem statement for proposed new work.

2. Prioritizing new efforts so that RAI does not take on more work
than it can effectively complete.

3. Looking for commonalities among ongoing development efforts.
Such commonalities may indicate the need to develop more
general, reusable components.

4. Protecting the architectural integrity of RAI protocols and
ensuring that work has general applicability.

If the group decides that a particular topic needs to be addressed by
a new or existing WG, the normal IETF chartering process will be
followed, including, for instance, IETF-wide review of the proposed
changes. Proposal for large work efforts SHOULD lead to a BOF where
the topic can be discussed in front of the entire IETF community.

Prior experience in RAI, particularly in SIPPING, indicates that the
activities described here are significantly hindered when trying to
complete the identified protocol work items in the same venue. The
DISPATCH working group will not direct protocol work to itself.

Goals and Milestones:
Aug 2009 Proposed charter for SIP Overload WG
Aug 2009 Proposed disposition for SIP Common Log Format
Sep 2009 Proposed charter for SIP Configuration WG
Sep 2009 Proposed disposition for SAML for SIP

From dean.willis@softarmor.com  Wed Apr 15 11:44:08 2009
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Subject: [dispatch] Link to Threat Level article on failing of hop-by-hop encryption in financial networks
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See:

http://blog.wired.com/27bstroke6/2009/04/pins.html



The most relevant text:

> Sartin says the latter attacks involve a device called a hardware  
> security module (HSM), a security appliance that sits on bank  
> networks and on switches through which PIN numbers pass on their way  
> from an ATM or retail cash register to the card issuer. The module  
> is a tamper-resistant device that provides a secure environment for  
> certain functions, such as encryption and decryption, to occur.
>
> According to the payment-card industry, or PCI, standards for credit  
> card transaction security, PIN numbers are supposed to be encrypted  
> in transit, which should theoretically protect them if someone  
> intercepts the data. The problem, however, is that a PIN must pass  
> through multiple HSMs across multiple bank networks en route to the  
> customer's bank. These HSMs are configured and managed differently,  
> some by contractors not directly related to the bank. At every  
> switching point, the PIN must be decrypted, then re-encrypted with  
> the proper key for the next leg in its journey, which is itself  
> encrypted under a master key that is generally stored in the module  
> or in the module's application programming interface, or API.
>
> "Essentially, the thief tricks the HSM into providing the encryption  
> key," says Sartin. "This is possible due to poor configuration of  
> the HSM or vulnerabilities created from having bloated functions on  
> the device."

I suspect there should be strong lessons here for those of us inclined  
to trust intermediary nodes to engage in cryptographic operations that  
might expose our sensitive bits.

SBCs that decrypt/re-encrypt or un-sign/re-sign data are not defensive  
systems. Rather, they are needless points of vulnerability that can be  
excluded from the threat model by proper protocol design.

--
Dean


From dean.willis@softarmor.com  Wed Apr 22 22:41:12 2009
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Nobody have anything that needs to be worked on? That seems odd,  
considering the sound and fury of the last SIP "DISPATCH" session.

--
Dean


From christer.holmberg@ericsson.com  Thu Apr 23 00:03:05 2009
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Enjoy the silence while it lasts - soon new drafts will arrive :)=20

-----Original Message-----
From: dispatch-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:dispatch-bounces@ietf.org] On
Behalf Of Dean Willis
Sent: Thursday, April 23, 2009 8:42 AM
To: dispatch@ietf.org
Subject: [dispatch] List seems quiet.


Nobody have anything that needs to be worked on? That seems odd,
considering the sound and fury of the last SIP "DISPATCH" session.

--
Dean

_______________________________________________
dispatch mailing list
dispatch@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dispatch

From dwing@cisco.com  Thu Apr 23 09:22:29 2009
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> Nobody have anything that needs to be worked on? That seems odd,  
> considering the sound and fury of the last SIP "DISPATCH" session.

We could talk about identity.

-d


From mary.barnes@nortel.com  Thu Apr 23 11:01:14 2009
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From: "Mary Barnes" <mary.barnes@nortel.com>
To: "Dan Wing" <dwing@cisco.com>, "Dean Willis" <dean.willis@softarmor.com>, <dispatch@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dispatch] List seems quiet.
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That would be fine.=20

Just to give folks a heads-up, WG scheduling for IETF-75 starts on
Monday (April 27th) with any updates to requests for agenda time
submitted no later than May 25th. So, the length of the timeslot(s) that
the chairs would request would most likely be based on the level of
discussion on the various topics on or before May 25th.  That's not to
say that additional documents couldn't be submitted and discussed later.
But, it does mean that the amount of f2f time may not be able to
accommodate all the topics arriving after May 25th.=20

While May 25th might seem very early, the cutoff for IETF-75 -00
documents, which there will likely be quite a few for DISPATCH, is just
about 5 weeks after that time (July 6th). There are two major US
holidays during that timeframe (May 25th is a US Holiday as well as July
4th).  And generally more folks tend to be take holidays during this
period. =20

Also, the discussions around the charter and objectives for the DISPATCH
WG in SF, as I recall, highighted one of the major concerns was around
lack of time to evaluate many of the new ideas or as complex of a
problem as Identity. So, working towards these timelines is about the
only way we could actually have a constructive DISPATCH session in
Stockholm. =20

Regards,
Mary
DISPATCH WG co-chair

-----Original Message-----
From: dispatch-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:dispatch-bounces@ietf.org] On
Behalf Of Dan Wing
Sent: Thursday, April 23, 2009 11:24 AM
To: 'Dean Willis'; dispatch@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dispatch] List seems quiet.

> Nobody have anything that needs to be worked on? That seems odd,=20
> considering the sound and fury of the last SIP "DISPATCH" session.

We could talk about identity.

-d

_______________________________________________
dispatch mailing list
dispatch@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dispatch

From victor.pascual.avila@gmail.com  Fri Apr 24 01:57:38 2009
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Date: Fri, 24 Apr 2009 10:58:55 +0200
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On Thu, Apr 23, 2009 at 6:23 PM, Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com> wrote:
>> Nobody have anything that needs to be worked on? That seems odd,
>> considering the sound and fury of the last SIP "DISPATCH" session.
>
> We could talk about identity.

We had a number of conference calls on identity issues. Is there
interest in continuing this discussion?

Cheers,
--=20
Victor Pascual =C3=81vila

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From john.elwell@siemens-enterprise.com  Fri Apr 24 03:05:04 2009
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Date: Fri, 24 Apr 2009 11:06:17 +0100
From: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens-enterprise.com>
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I certainly wish to pursue the Identity subject. It is simply the case =
that I have not had time to make sense of the discussion during and =
since IETF 74 and decide how to proceed. It's on my list.

John=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: dispatch-bounces@ietf.org=20
> [mailto:dispatch-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Victor Pascual =C1vila
> Sent: 24 April 2009 09:59
> To: Dan Wing
> Cc: dispatch@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [dispatch] List seems quiet.
>=20
> On Thu, Apr 23, 2009 at 6:23 PM, Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com> wrote:
> >> Nobody have anything that needs to be worked on? That seems odd,
> >> considering the sound and fury of the last SIP "DISPATCH" session.
> >
> > We could talk about identity.
>=20
> We had a number of conference calls on identity issues. Is there
> interest in continuing this discussion?
>=20
> Cheers,
> --=20
> Victor Pascual =C1vila
> _______________________________________________
> dispatch mailing list
> dispatch@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dispatch
>=20

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If anyone is interested, we could finish INFO over in SIPCORE... a few =20=

+1's would go a long way. Thanks!

On Apr 24, 2009, at 6:06 AM, Elwell, John wrote:

> I certainly wish to pursue the Identity subject. It is simply the =20
> case that I have not had time to make sense of the discussion during =20=

> and since IETF 74 and decide how to proceed. It's on my list.
>
> John
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: dispatch-bounces@ietf.org
>> [mailto:dispatch-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Victor Pascual =C1vila
>> Sent: 24 April 2009 09:59
>> To: Dan Wing
>> Cc: dispatch@ietf.org
>> Subject: Re: [dispatch] List seems quiet.
>>
>> On Thu, Apr 23, 2009 at 6:23 PM, Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com> wrote:
>>>> Nobody have anything that needs to be worked on? That seems odd,
>>>> considering the sound and fury of the last SIP "DISPATCH" session.
>>>
>>> We could talk about identity.
>>
>> We had a number of conference calls on identity issues. Is there
>> interest in continuing this discussion?
>>
>> Cheers,
>> --=20
>> Victor Pascual =C1vila
>> _______________________________________________
>> dispatch mailing list
>> dispatch@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dispatch
>>
> _______________________________________________
> dispatch mailing list
> dispatch@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dispatch


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From BPenfield@acmepacket.com  Fri Apr 24 13:25:31 2009
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From: Bob Penfield <BPenfield@acmepacket.com>
To: Eric Burger <eburger@standardstrack.com>, "dispatch@ietf.org" <dispatch@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 24 Apr 2009 16:26:47 -0400
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+1

It is already a milestone in the SIPCORE charter.=20

-----Original Message-----
From: dispatch-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:dispatch-bounces@ietf.org] On Behal=
f Of Eric Burger
Sent: Friday, April 24, 2009 4:17 PM
To: dispatch@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dispatch] List seems quiet.

If anyone is interested, we could finish INFO over in SIPCORE... a few =20
+1's would go a long way. Thanks!

On Apr 24, 2009, at 6:06 AM, Elwell, John wrote:

> I certainly wish to pursue the Identity subject. It is simply the =20
> case that I have not had time to make sense of the discussion during =20
> and since IETF 74 and decide how to proceed. It's on my list.
>
> John
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: dispatch-bounces@ietf.org
>> [mailto:dispatch-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Victor Pascual =C1vila
>> Sent: 24 April 2009 09:59
>> To: Dan Wing
>> Cc: dispatch@ietf.org
>> Subject: Re: [dispatch] List seems quiet.
>>
>> On Thu, Apr 23, 2009 at 6:23 PM, Dan Wing <dwing@cisco.com> wrote:
>>>> Nobody have anything that needs to be worked on? That seems odd,
>>>> considering the sound and fury of the last SIP "DISPATCH" session.
>>>
>>> We could talk about identity.
>>
>> We had a number of conference calls on identity issues. Is there
>> interest in continuing this discussion?
>>
>> Cheers,
>> --=20
>> Victor Pascual =C1vila
>> _______________________________________________
>> dispatch mailing list
>> dispatch@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dispatch
>>
> _______________________________________________
> dispatch mailing list
> dispatch@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dispatch


From dean.willis@softarmor.com  Sat Apr 25 15:17:37 2009
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------- Original message -------
From: Bob Penfield <BPenfield@acmepacket.com>
Sent: 24.4.'09,  15:26

> +1
> 
> It is already a milestone in the SIPCORE charter. 
> 

And would be better as a COMPLETED milestone, lest it become a millstone!

--
Dean Willis (have to sign with my last name so as not to be confused with that other Dean guy! Might have to change my name.)

From vkg@alcatel-lucent.com  Wed Apr 29 07:31:39 2009
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Subject: [dispatch] SIP-CLF: Results on ASCII vs. binary representation
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[Bcc'd to sipping]

Hello:

During the SF IETF, the SIP CLF work [2] garnered support
and attention; the minutes of the ad-hoc are archived in [1].

While there was near universal support for having a common
log format, there was a lot of discussion about whether
the format should be text or binary, the argument for binary
being that it should be much faster to search.  An option
for text generation is in [2] and an option for
binary generation is in [3].

We realized the question is not "binary vs. text?" but
"should we optimize for log generation vs. optimize for
log processing?"  To that extent, this email is to socialize
the performance results we have obtained for generating
both binary and ASCII formats, including a simulation of a
worst-case analysis by retrieving the last record from large
binary and ASCII files.

To get these results, we generated 1 Million SIP CLF entries
into an ASCII file and the same 1 Million into a binary file.
The ASCII file followed the convention of [2] and the binary
file that of [3].  The last entry in these files was a SIP
request with a special Call-ID.  We measured the time it took
to search for the special Call-ID in both the binary and ASCII
files.  Here are the results, followed by some discussion; the
source code to the programs that generated these results is
also available (see [4].)

Total records in binary and ASCII CLF file: 1 Million
File size:
   Binary: 300,999,984 bytes
   ASCII:  258,999,984 bytes

Time taken to generate the CLF file with 1 Million records:
   Binary CLF: 138.60s
   ASCII CLF:    7.26s

   This is a difference of almost 20x in favor of the ASCII CLF.

Time taken to seek to the last record of the CLF file:
   Binary CLF:   3.08s
   ASCII CLF:   16.55s (using perl v5.6.1)
                42.92s (using perl v.5.8 and v5.10)

   The ASCII CLF seek is five times slower using perl v5.6.1,
   and 13x slower using perl v5.8 and v5.10.  It looks like later
   versions of perl may have inadvertently made the regex compiler
   less optimized.  We don't know why.

   The above data is from experiments ran on an Intel dual-core
   (T2500 @ 2.00 GHz) IBM T60 laptop running Linux 2.6.27 with 1
   GByte of memory.
   We also ran the programs on a more powerful machine: Intel
   dual-core (X6800 @ 2.93GHz) machines with 8GB RAM and a
   Linux 2.6.24 kernel.  The results scaled accordingly.

Clearly, the biggest difference in the above data is the time
taken to produce the CLF file.  ASCII is a lightweight approach
since the SIP entity producing the ASCII CLF file already has
the SIP message in text form.  It is then just a matter of
writing the fields out on disk.  With the binary form, the
SIP entity producing the binary CLF file has to calculate
offsets, which takes a non-negligible amount of time.  Since
the entity producing the SIP CLF log file should not be over-
burdened with the act of producing it, we feel that ASCII CLF
generation is the only choice here (i.e., we should optimize for
log generation.)  Otherwise, the SIP entity producing the
binary CLF file will spend an inordinate time in calculating
offsets, creating a table of contents, etc. to the detriment
of providing the service it is supposed to.

That said, it is also clear that the the worst-case search
for a record is at five to 13x slower when using ASCII.  But,
because searching is done offline, we feel that this sub-optimality
can well be tolerated.  We also feel that there is value in
specifying a binary format because it allows for SIP operators
who want to do such searches to convert their ASCII files to
binary for optimized traversal and other such uses.  A binary
format  must be defined so that offline processes can convert
the captured ASCII data to binary format for optimized
traversal.

Comments and discussions on these results are welcome.  If
you find any errors in the programs used to generate
these results, please do let us know.

[1] Thread "[Sipping] Meeting Minutes: Ad-hoc Common Log Format
  meeting," IETF SIPPING WG, March 27, 2009.  Archived at:
  http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/sipping/current/msg17199.html

[2] V. Gurbani, E. Burger, T. Anjali, H. Abdelnur and O. Festor,
  "The Common Log File (CLF) format for the Session Initiation
  Protocol (SIP)," IETF Internet-Draft, work in progress, March 9,
  2009.  Archived at:
  http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gurbani-sipping-clf-01

[3] A. Roach, "Binary Syntax for SIP Common Log Format," IETF
  Internet-Draft, work in progress, March 25, 2009.  Archived at:
  http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-roach-sipping-clf-syntax-00.

[4] Source code available at the following URLs; please see
  comment block in clf-write.c on how to generate ASCII and
  binary CLF files.
  http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/IETF/sip-clf/write-clf.c
  http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/IETF/sip-clf/clf.h
  http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/IETF/sip-clf/read-clf-record.c
  http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/IETF/sip-clf/read-clf-record.pl
  http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/IETF/sip-clf/Makefile

Thanks,

- vijay
-- 
Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
1960 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9C-533, Naperville, Illinois 60566 (USA)
Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
Web:   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/

From theo@crazygreek.co.uk  Wed Apr 29 08:46:42 2009
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From: Theo Zourzouvillys <theo@crazygreek.co.uk>
Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2009 16:47:25 +0100
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On Wed, Apr 29, 2009 at 3:32 PM, Vijay K. Gurbani
<vkg@alcatel-lucent.com> wrote:
> =A0If you find any errors in the programs used to generate
> these results, please do let us know.

actually, your test program is *grossly* skewed in favour of the ASCII
implementation.  If you modify it slightly to behave in a way i'd
expect any developer to, you get (avg 5 runs on a crappy dell vostro
desktop):

 Binary CLF:   0m6.947s
 ASCII CLF:    0m7.004s

If you take i/o out of the question too and set output to /dev/null,
then you get:

 Binary CLF:   0m0.610s
 ASCII CLF:    0m1.905s

which is far more realistic for high throughput servers which are
logging to an in-memory circular buffer or some shared memory
segments.

modified source: http://dev.voip.co.uk/~theo/write-clf.theo.txt
diff: http://dev.voip.co.uk/~theo/write-clf.diff

note that i wrote it in all of about 120 seconds, so there may be some
errors in the output format, but my point stands :-)

 ~ Theo

http://twitter.com/zourzouvillys
http://crazygreek.co.uk/

From vkg@alcatel-lucent.com  Wed Apr 29 11:11:19 2009
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Theo Zourzouvillys wrote:
> actually, your test program is *grossly* skewed in favour of the ASCII
> implementation.  If you modify it slightly to behave in a way i'd
> expect any developer to, you get (avg 5 runs on a crappy dell vostro
> desktop):
> 
>  Binary CLF:   0m6.947s
>  ASCII CLF:    0m7.004s
[...]

Theo: True, using scatter-gather (s-g) writes you can optimize the
binary I/O.

By the same token, I can optimize the ASCII writes a bit using
s-g writes; for instance, I was able to bring the average down
by 1.02s for ASCII CLF using s-g writes.

But we intentionally stayed away from s-g writes for the
following four reasons:

1) On some systems, the value of IOV_MAX is set to a low number.
   For example, in Solaris 8 the value of IOV_MAX is set to 16,
   forcing you to do multiple s-g I/O calls (thereby negating
   some of the optimization effects.)

2) Some systems have a maximum ceiling on how many bytes can
   be transferred in one writev(), i.e., the sum of all iov_len
   members of the iov array should be less than a certain
   system-defined maximum.

     [Note: I seem to remember that a few years ago, the
     Apache lists were full of problems related to 1 and 2.]

3) Portability: I was not sure how portable the writev() system
   call would be on all kinds of operating environments.  Since
   the SIP CLF is designed for all SIP entities, if a (real-time)
   operating system does not have the writev() system call, one
   is forced to used the non-optimized method anyway.  Furthermore,
   in a RT OS, the limits for 1 and 2 will be much lower, if
   writev() is provided at all.

4) We did not necessarily want to make any assumptions about
   how implementations have created data structures to hold
   the results of parsing (i.e., some implementations may very
   well use struct's to store the text and length for each
   SIP token, while others may simply store the text and
   compute the length when needed, etc.)  For the sake of
   demonstration, our program implements the first option
   (i.e., uses struct's to store the text and length), which
   is actually more conducive to the s-g approach, but by no
   means is this the only way to design your data structures.

(1) is a real concern because as you can well imagine that URIs,
once parsed, can be composed of many different objects (or
structs in C.)  As such, the representation of a composed URI
in a iov structure will require multiple indexes.

Hence, we wanted to use the most common denominator to do the
measurements -- in our initial performance data, there is no
optimization for either the binary CLF case or the ASCII CLF case.

> note that i wrote it in all of about 120 seconds, so there may be some
> errors in the output format, but my point stands :-)

There appear to be since I cannot read the last record; but I
have not had the chance to look at the output format from your
program in any detail.

Thanks,

- vijay
-- 
Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
1960 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9C-533, Naperville, Illinois 60566 (USA)
Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
Web:   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/

From theo@crazygreek.co.uk  Wed Apr 29 12:03:17 2009
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On Wed, Apr 29, 2009 at 7:12 PM, Vijay K. Gurbani
<vkg@alcatel-lucent.com> wrote:

> 1) On some systems, the value of IOV_MAX is set to a low number.

(1) is irrelivant.  scatther/gather is not the only optimal method of
implementing it.  even on crappy old OSes, a simple memcpy() of the
data is similar in performance, cache coherency caveat emptor:

  http://dev.voip.co.uk/~theo/write-clf.theo2.txt

Binary: 0m7.400s
ASCII: 0m7.038s

> (1) is a real concern because as you can well imagine that URIs,
> once parsed, can be composed of many different objects (or
> structs in C.)  As such, the representation of a composed URI
> in a iov structure will require multiple indexes.

i'd argue your concerns are moot - a URI composed of many different
objects will need to be built into a string if it's ASCII anyway.

to be honest, i through they took the performance card out of the pack
so it couldn't be used any more in 2002 - if logging is causing you
scalability problems, you've got far more to worry about than that.
plus, any implementation not running on a modern OS is going to have
other missing features needed for performance improvements outside of
writev()'s limitations

(ps: i'm not too concerned about binary/ascii - although i lean toward
the binary side - please just don't use performance as an argument
unless the figures are fair. pretty please!)

 ~ Theo

-- 
http://twitter.com/zourzouvillys
http://crazygreek.co.uk/

From john.elwell@siemens-enterprise.com  Wed Apr 29 12:33:49 2009
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Vijay,

Useful figures, which do indeed suggest generating the initial log in
ASCII. The question is whether we need to standardise a binary format
too, or whether any off-line conversion for the purpose of optimising
searches can be done in a non-standardised manner. In other words, if it
is acceptable always to pass around the log in ASCII format, any system
using it can perform its own optimisation to suit its own purposes.

John

p.s. which list - DISPATCH or SIP-OPS?
=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sipping-bounces@ietf.org=20
> [mailto:sipping-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Vijay K. Gurbani
> Sent: 29 April 2009 15:32
> To: sip-ops@ietf.org; dispatch@ietf.org
> Subject: [Sipping] SIP-CLF: Results on ASCII vs. binary representation
>=20
> [Bcc'd to sipping]
>=20
> Hello:
>=20
> During the SF IETF, the SIP CLF work [2] garnered support
> and attention; the minutes of the ad-hoc are archived in [1].
>=20
> While there was near universal support for having a common
> log format, there was a lot of discussion about whether
> the format should be text or binary, the argument for binary
> being that it should be much faster to search.  An option
> for text generation is in [2] and an option for
> binary generation is in [3].
>=20
> We realized the question is not "binary vs. text?" but
> "should we optimize for log generation vs. optimize for
> log processing?"  To that extent, this email is to socialize
> the performance results we have obtained for generating
> both binary and ASCII formats, including a simulation of a
> worst-case analysis by retrieving the last record from large
> binary and ASCII files.
>=20
> To get these results, we generated 1 Million SIP CLF entries
> into an ASCII file and the same 1 Million into a binary file.
> The ASCII file followed the convention of [2] and the binary
> file that of [3].  The last entry in these files was a SIP
> request with a special Call-ID.  We measured the time it took
> to search for the special Call-ID in both the binary and ASCII
> files.  Here are the results, followed by some discussion; the
> source code to the programs that generated these results is
> also available (see [4].)
>=20
> Total records in binary and ASCII CLF file: 1 Million
> File size:
>    Binary: 300,999,984 bytes
>    ASCII:  258,999,984 bytes
>=20
> Time taken to generate the CLF file with 1 Million records:
>    Binary CLF: 138.60s
>    ASCII CLF:    7.26s
>=20
>    This is a difference of almost 20x in favor of the ASCII CLF.
>=20
> Time taken to seek to the last record of the CLF file:
>    Binary CLF:   3.08s
>    ASCII CLF:   16.55s (using perl v5.6.1)
>                 42.92s (using perl v.5.8 and v5.10)
>=20
>    The ASCII CLF seek is five times slower using perl v5.6.1,
>    and 13x slower using perl v5.8 and v5.10.  It looks like later
>    versions of perl may have inadvertently made the regex compiler
>    less optimized.  We don't know why.
>=20
>    The above data is from experiments ran on an Intel dual-core
>    (T2500 @ 2.00 GHz) IBM T60 laptop running Linux 2.6.27 with 1
>    GByte of memory.
>    We also ran the programs on a more powerful machine: Intel
>    dual-core (X6800 @ 2.93GHz) machines with 8GB RAM and a
>    Linux 2.6.24 kernel.  The results scaled accordingly.
>=20
> Clearly, the biggest difference in the above data is the time
> taken to produce the CLF file.  ASCII is a lightweight approach
> since the SIP entity producing the ASCII CLF file already has
> the SIP message in text form.  It is then just a matter of
> writing the fields out on disk.  With the binary form, the
> SIP entity producing the binary CLF file has to calculate
> offsets, which takes a non-negligible amount of time.  Since
> the entity producing the SIP CLF log file should not be over-
> burdened with the act of producing it, we feel that ASCII CLF
> generation is the only choice here (i.e., we should optimize for
> log generation.)  Otherwise, the SIP entity producing the
> binary CLF file will spend an inordinate time in calculating
> offsets, creating a table of contents, etc. to the detriment
> of providing the service it is supposed to.
>=20
> That said, it is also clear that the the worst-case search
> for a record is at five to 13x slower when using ASCII.  But,
> because searching is done offline, we feel that this sub-optimality
> can well be tolerated.  We also feel that there is value in
> specifying a binary format because it allows for SIP operators
> who want to do such searches to convert their ASCII files to
> binary for optimized traversal and other such uses.  A binary
> format  must be defined so that offline processes can convert
> the captured ASCII data to binary format for optimized
> traversal.
>=20
> Comments and discussions on these results are welcome.  If
> you find any errors in the programs used to generate
> these results, please do let us know.
>=20
> [1] Thread "[Sipping] Meeting Minutes: Ad-hoc Common Log Format
>   meeting," IETF SIPPING WG, March 27, 2009.  Archived at:
>   http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/sipping/current/msg17199.html
>=20
> [2] V. Gurbani, E. Burger, T. Anjali, H. Abdelnur and O. Festor,
>   "The Common Log File (CLF) format for the Session Initiation
>   Protocol (SIP)," IETF Internet-Draft, work in progress, March 9,
>   2009.  Archived at:
>   http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gurbani-sipping-clf-01
>=20
> [3] A. Roach, "Binary Syntax for SIP Common Log Format," IETF
>   Internet-Draft, work in progress, March 25, 2009.  Archived at:
>   http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-roach-sipping-clf-syntax-00.
>=20
> [4] Source code available at the following URLs; please see
>   comment block in clf-write.c on how to generate ASCII and
>   binary CLF files.
>   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/IETF/sip-clf/write-clf.c
>   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/IETF/sip-clf/clf.h
>   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/IETF/sip-clf/read-clf-record.c
>   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/IETF/sip-clf/read-clf-record.pl
>   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/IETF/sip-clf/Makefile
>=20
> Thanks,
>=20
> - vijay
> --=20
> Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
> 1960 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9C-533, Naperville, Illinois 60566 (USA)
> Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
> Web:   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/
> _______________________________________________
> Sipping mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sipping
> This list is for NEW development of the application of SIP
> Use sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip
> Use sip@ietf.org for new developments of core SIP
>=20

From mary.barnes@nortel.com  Wed Apr 29 12:41:17 2009
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Thread-Topic: [dispatch] [Sipping] SIP-CLF: Results on ASCII vs. binaryrepresentation
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From: "Mary Barnes" <mary.barnes@nortel.com>
To: "Elwell, John" <john.elwell@siemens-enterprise.com>, "Vijay K. Gurbani" <vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>, <sip-ops@ietf.org>, <dispatch@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dispatch] [Sipping] SIP-CLF: Results on ASCII vs. binaryrepresentation
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I posted a note on SIPPING WG mailing list suggesting that this
discussion should occur on DISPATCH WG mailing list - sorry I should
have cross-posted that one posting. =20

Mary.=20

-----Original Message-----
From: dispatch-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:dispatch-bounces@ietf.org] On
Behalf Of Elwell, John
Sent: Wednesday, April 29, 2009 2:35 PM
To: Vijay K. Gurbani; sip-ops@ietf.org; dispatch@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dispatch] [Sipping] SIP-CLF: Results on ASCII vs.
binaryrepresentation

Vijay,

Useful figures, which do indeed suggest generating the initial log in
ASCII. The question is whether we need to standardise a binary format
too, or whether any off-line conversion for the purpose of optimising
searches can be done in a non-standardised manner. In other words, if it
is acceptable always to pass around the log in ASCII format, any system
using it can perform its own optimisation to suit its own purposes.

John

p.s. which list - DISPATCH or SIP-OPS?
=20

> -----Original Message-----
> From: sipping-bounces@ietf.org
> [mailto:sipping-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Vijay K. Gurbani
> Sent: 29 April 2009 15:32
> To: sip-ops@ietf.org; dispatch@ietf.org
> Subject: [Sipping] SIP-CLF: Results on ASCII vs. binary representation
>=20
> [Bcc'd to sipping]
>=20
> Hello:
>=20
> During the SF IETF, the SIP CLF work [2] garnered support and=20
> attention; the minutes of the ad-hoc are archived in [1].
>=20
> While there was near universal support for having a common log format,

> there was a lot of discussion about whether the format should be text=20
> or binary, the argument for binary being that it should be much faster

> to search.  An option for text generation is in [2] and an option for=20
> binary generation is in [3].
>=20
> We realized the question is not "binary vs. text?" but "should we=20
> optimize for log generation vs. optimize for log processing?"  To that

> extent, this email is to socialize the performance results we have=20
> obtained for generating both binary and ASCII formats, including a=20
> simulation of a worst-case analysis by retrieving the last record from

> large binary and ASCII files.
>=20
> To get these results, we generated 1 Million SIP CLF entries into an=20
> ASCII file and the same 1 Million into a binary file.
> The ASCII file followed the convention of [2] and the binary file that

> of [3].  The last entry in these files was a SIP request with a=20
> special Call-ID.  We measured the time it took to search for the=20
> special Call-ID in both the binary and ASCII files.  Here are the=20
> results, followed by some discussion; the source code to the programs=20
> that generated these results is also available (see [4].)
>=20
> Total records in binary and ASCII CLF file: 1 Million File size:
>    Binary: 300,999,984 bytes
>    ASCII:  258,999,984 bytes
>=20
> Time taken to generate the CLF file with 1 Million records:
>    Binary CLF: 138.60s
>    ASCII CLF:    7.26s
>=20
>    This is a difference of almost 20x in favor of the ASCII CLF.
>=20
> Time taken to seek to the last record of the CLF file:
>    Binary CLF:   3.08s
>    ASCII CLF:   16.55s (using perl v5.6.1)
>                 42.92s (using perl v.5.8 and v5.10)
>=20
>    The ASCII CLF seek is five times slower using perl v5.6.1,
>    and 13x slower using perl v5.8 and v5.10.  It looks like later
>    versions of perl may have inadvertently made the regex compiler
>    less optimized.  We don't know why.
>=20
>    The above data is from experiments ran on an Intel dual-core
>    (T2500 @ 2.00 GHz) IBM T60 laptop running Linux 2.6.27 with 1
>    GByte of memory.
>    We also ran the programs on a more powerful machine: Intel
>    dual-core (X6800 @ 2.93GHz) machines with 8GB RAM and a
>    Linux 2.6.24 kernel.  The results scaled accordingly.
>=20
> Clearly, the biggest difference in the above data is the time taken to

> produce the CLF file.  ASCII is a lightweight approach since the SIP=20
> entity producing the ASCII CLF file already has the SIP message in=20
> text form.  It is then just a matter of writing the fields out on=20
> disk.  With the binary form, the SIP entity producing the binary CLF=20
> file has to calculate offsets, which takes a non-negligible amount of=20
> time.  Since the entity producing the SIP CLF log file should not be=20
> over- burdened with the act of producing it, we feel that ASCII CLF=20
> generation is the only choice here (i.e., we should optimize for log=20
> generation.)  Otherwise, the SIP entity producing the binary CLF file=20
> will spend an inordinate time in calculating offsets, creating a table

> of contents, etc. to the detriment of providing the service it is=20
> supposed to.
>=20
> That said, it is also clear that the the worst-case search for a=20
> record is at five to 13x slower when using ASCII.  But, because=20
> searching is done offline, we feel that this sub-optimality can well=20
> be tolerated.  We also feel that there is value in specifying a binary

> format because it allows for SIP operators who want to do such=20
> searches to convert their ASCII files to binary for optimized=20
> traversal and other such uses.  A binary format  must be defined so=20
> that offline processes can convert the captured ASCII data to binary=20
> format for optimized traversal.
>=20
> Comments and discussions on these results are welcome.  If you find=20
> any errors in the programs used to generate these results, please do=20
> let us know.
>=20
> [1] Thread "[Sipping] Meeting Minutes: Ad-hoc Common Log Format
>   meeting," IETF SIPPING WG, March 27, 2009.  Archived at:
>   http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/sipping/current/msg17199.html
>=20
> [2] V. Gurbani, E. Burger, T. Anjali, H. Abdelnur and O. Festor,
>   "The Common Log File (CLF) format for the Session Initiation
>   Protocol (SIP)," IETF Internet-Draft, work in progress, March 9,
>   2009.  Archived at:
>   http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gurbani-sipping-clf-01
>=20
> [3] A. Roach, "Binary Syntax for SIP Common Log Format," IETF
>   Internet-Draft, work in progress, March 25, 2009.  Archived at:
>   http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-roach-sipping-clf-syntax-00.
>=20
> [4] Source code available at the following URLs; please see
>   comment block in clf-write.c on how to generate ASCII and
>   binary CLF files.
>   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/IETF/sip-clf/write-clf.c
>   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/IETF/sip-clf/clf.h
>   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/IETF/sip-clf/read-clf-record.c
>   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/IETF/sip-clf/read-clf-record.pl
>   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/IETF/sip-clf/Makefile
>=20
> Thanks,
>=20
> - vijay
> --
> Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent 1960 Lucent Lane,=20
> Rm. 9C-533, Naperville, Illinois 60566 (USA)
> Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
> Web:   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/
> _______________________________________________
> Sipping mailing list  https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/sipping
> This list is for NEW development of the application of SIP Use=20
> sip-implementors@cs.columbia.edu for questions on current sip Use=20
> sip@ietf.org for new developments of core SIP
>=20
_______________________________________________
dispatch mailing list
dispatch@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dispatch

From vkg@alcatel-lucent.com  Wed Apr 29 13:27:13 2009
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Theo Zourzouvillys wrote:
>> 1) On some systems, the value of IOV_MAX is set to a low number.
> 
> (1) is irrelivant.  scatther/gather is not the only optimal method of
> implementing it.  even on crappy old OSes, a simple memcpy() of the
> data is similar in performance, cache coherency caveat emptor:
> 
>   http://dev.voip.co.uk/~theo/write-clf.theo2.txt
> 
> Binary: 0m7.400s
> ASCII: 0m7.038s

So after tweaking all kinds of optimizations for binary CLF, the
best we can do is approach ASCII CLF without any optimizations.
This much no one will dispute, I hope.

>> (1) is a real concern because as you can well imagine that URIs,
>> once parsed, can be composed of many different objects (or
>> structs in C.)  As such, the representation of a composed URI
>> in a iov structure will require multiple indexes.
> 
> i'd argue your concerns are moot - a URI composed of many different
> objects will need to be built into a string if it's ASCII anyway.

Precisely my point -- since the URIs arrive in ASCII and leave
in ASCII, let's just write the darn thing out in straight
ASCII without too much computation and be done with it!

> (ps: i'm not too concerned about binary/ascii - although i lean toward
> the binary side - please just don't use performance as an argument
> unless the figures are fair. pretty please!)

In the final analysis, I am not too concerned about binary vs.
ASCII, either; although I lean towards the ASCII side.  That
said, I must admit that I was afraid the only mandated CLF form
would turn out to be binary CLF, and I wanted to at least
raise a point that it is not a panacea.  It has its strong
points -- no doubt -- but it should not be the only format.

Furthermore, consider that a major constituency for the
upkeep of SIP servers will be the IT department.  Which format
do you think the IT folks will prefer?  I have a strong
suspicion that it will be ASCII because that is what they
are used to -- they can see it, read it, are used to it,
and can write tools in perl/ruby/python easily to transform
it according to their needs, etc.  If SIP is to find
more purchase and expand mind share in these departments, then
limiting a log format to binary is hardly a wise choice.

My proposal is that we document both the formats but we
make the ASCII format the mandatory-to-implement.  A well
documented binary format (contained in the same draft) will
keep the telecommunication providers whose NOCs are used
to dealing with binary happy.  Not to mention that searches
are faster with a binary format -- that much is not in
dispute.

Thanks,

- vijay
-- 
Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
1960 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9C-533, Naperville, Illinois 60566 (USA)
Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
Web:   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/

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Elwell, John wrote:
> Vijay,
> 
> Useful figures, which do indeed suggest generating the initial log in
> ASCII. The question is whether we need to standardise a binary format
> too, 

John: Binary format is great for optimized searches.
As such, standardizing it is good -- tools can be developed
to operate on the ASCII data offline and convert it to binary.
I just want to ensure that the binary format is not the
only format chosen for the SIP CLF work.

Thanks,

- vijay
-- 
Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
1960 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9C-533, Naperville, Illinois 60566 (USA)
Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
Web:   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/

From HKaplan@acmepacket.com  Wed Apr 29 13:44:19 2009
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From: Hadriel Kaplan <HKaplan@acmepacket.com>
To: "Vijay K. Gurbani" <vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>, Theo Zourzouvillys <theo@crazygreek.co.uk>
Date: Wed, 29 Apr 2009 16:45:38 -0400
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Subject: Re: [dispatch] SIP-CLF: Results on ASCII vs. binary representation
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: dispatch-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:dispatch-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Vijay K. Gurbani
>=20
> So after tweaking all kinds of optimizations for binary CLF, the
> best we can do is approach ASCII CLF without any optimizations.
> This much no one will dispute, I hope.

Depends on how you plan to disambiguate legal characters in the fields from=
 the field separators.  In binary the length field removes the need for dis=
ambiguation, or a CRLF itself does it (depending on the format).  In ascii,=
 if you have to escape characters, then that escaping and de-escaping could=
 be a big hit.

But anyway, I think the real question that needs to be answered *first* is =
"what is the purpose of the CLF?"  What is it going to help admins do?  Is =
it for troubleshooting, or for registration audit logging, or for IDS syste=
ms, etc?

-hadriel

From vkg@alcatel-lucent.com  Wed Apr 29 14:44:36 2009
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Subject: Re: [dispatch] SIP-CLF: Results on ASCII vs. binary representation
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Hadriel Kaplan wrote:
> Depends on how you plan to disambiguate legal characters in the
> fields from the field separators.  In binary the length field removes
> the need for disambiguation, or a CRLF itself does it (depending on
> the format).  In ascii, if you have to escape characters, then that
> escaping and de-escaping could be a big hit.

Right; this is a nagging problem at the back of my head ever
since Dale pointed it out.  The least impacting way to deal
with this, I believe, will be not to save display-name type
of constructs but only addr-spec for URIs.  The generic-param
construct is another potential problem.  Spaces in it need
to be escaped or generic-param could be simply unallowed.  I
don't know what the right answer should be right now.

> But anyway, I think the real question that needs to be answered
> *first* is "what is the purpose of the CLF?"  What is it going to
> help admins do?  Is it for troubleshooting, or for registration audit
> logging, or for IDS systems, etc?

 From the list above, at least for troubleshooting, logging, and
IDS systems.  What I do not envision CLF being used for is
debugging (distinct from troubleshooting) and CDR.

Thanks,

- vijay
-- 
Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
1960 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9C-533, Naperville, Illinois 60566 (USA)
Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
Web:   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/

From adam@nostrum.com  Thu Apr 30 09:35:21 2009
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Vijay K. Gurbani wrote:
> Theo Zourzouvillys wrote:
>>> 1) On some systems, the value of IOV_MAX is set to a low number.
>>
>> (1) is irrelivant. scatther/gather is not the only optimal method of
>> implementing it. even on crappy old OSes, a simple memcpy() of the
>> data is similar in performance, cache coherency caveat emptor:
>>
>> http://dev.voip.co.uk/~theo/write-clf.theo2.txt
>>
>> Binary: 0m7.400s
>> ASCII: 0m7.038s
>
> So after tweaking all kinds of optimizations for binary CLF, the
> best we can do is approach ASCII CLF without any optimizations.
> This much no one will dispute, I hope.

That is a radical mischaractization of the situation, and you're smart 
enough to know it. Your initial program used a single disk write for the 
ASCII format, and forty (!) separate disk writes for the binary format. 
You can fess up to malice, incompetence, or oversight at this point -- 
but please realize that characterizing Theo's attempts to fix an obvious 
programming error as "tweaking all kids of optimizations" points to one 
of the first two, not the third.

/a

From vkg@alcatel-lucent.com  Thu Apr 30 10:06:43 2009
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Adam Roach wrote:
> That is a radical mischaractization of the situation, and you're smart 
> enough to know it. Your initial program used a single disk write for the
> ASCII format, and forty (!) separate disk writes for the binary format. 
> You can fess up to malice, incompetence, or oversight at this point 

Adam: Mea culpa; I do apologize, and was about to post the
updated results.  I will fess up to oversight, for was it malice,
I would not have posted the source code for review and only
circulated the results.

Clearly, I erred in using multiple writes for the binary and
a single write for the ASCII CLF.  So, correcting for that by
doing one write for the binary CLF as well [1], and in fact,
over-compensating in favor of binary CLF by doing manual loop
unrolling, I get a figure of:

Time taken to generate the CLF file with 1 Million records:
   Binary CLF:  6.51s
   ASCII CLF:   7.26s

The rest of the data remains the same.

That said, it will be nice to reach a conclusion on the
format.  I still lean towards ASCII representation as a
mandatory-to-implement format because of the reasons I
outlined in one of my emails to Theo (please see latter
part of [3].)  So, I would like to hear views on this.

[1] I want to stay away from scatter/gather writes due to the
  reasons I enunciated earlier.  The updated source code to
  write-clf.c is at:
  http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/IETF/sip-clf/write-clf.c

[2] http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/sip-ops/current/msg00010.html

Thanks,

- vijay
-- 
Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
1960 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9C-533, Naperville, Illinois 60566 (USA)
Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
Web:   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/

From adam@nostrum.com  Thu Apr 30 12:57:14 2009
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Vijay K. Gurbani wrote:

> Time taken to seek to the last record of the CLF file:
> Binary CLF: 3.08s
> ASCII CLF: 16.55s (using perl v5.6.1)
> 42.92s (using perl v.5.8 and v5.10)
...
> Comments and discussions on these results are welcome. If
> you find any errors in the programs used to generate
> these results, please do let us know.

For what it's worth, the program to read the Binary CLF file isn't 
particularly efficient, either. For example -- you're reading in the 
entire record each time, so the lseek call isn't necessary. (The other 
way of looking at this is that you're seeking to the beginning of each 
record, so reading in the entire record isn't necessary).

On my laptop (2.33 GHz MacBook Pro 17 running OS X), the search through 
the binary file as you've written it takes 8.30 seconds. If I simply 
comment out the lseek call, that time drops to 6.44 seconds.

Before we call this an "optimization", consider that all I did was 
comment out an unnecessary system call. Optimization would be doing 
something like using a static buffer instead of a repeatedly-reallocated 
heap buffer for the Call-ID value -- which drops the search time to 6.17 
seconds.

In other words, a couple of minor tweaks gets a 25% speed increase, 
which widens the already dramatic gap between text and binary log 
processing speed.

/a

From adam@nostrum.com  Thu Apr 30 13:07:09 2009
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Subject: [dispatch] SIP-CLF: Extensibility considerations (was Results on ASCII vs. binary representation)
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Vijay K. Gurbani wrote:
> Hadriel Kaplan wrote:

>> But anyway, I think the real question that needs to be answered
>> *first* is "what is the purpose of the CLF?" What is it going to
>> help admins do? Is it for troubleshooting, or for registration audit
>> logging, or for IDS systems, etc?
>
>  From the list above, at least for troubleshooting, logging, and
> IDS systems. What I do not envision CLF being used for is
> debugging (distinct from troubleshooting) and CDR.

Even knowing the list of purposes, if we go with a text format similar 
to what is proposed, we are going to be forced to nail down the complete 
set of log record fields now, with little hope for backwards-compatible 
extensibility in the future. Admittedly, we *could* go to a tagged text 
format (e.g. where the fields are explicitly labeled instead of being 
inferred by position) to address this shortcoming, but that's not what's 
being proposed at the moment.

So, if we go down the path proposed in draft-gurbani-..., we're strapped 
with coming up with the perfect set of future-proof fields that 
encompasses everything anyone will ever need in the log file, while (at 
the same time) not including extraneous information that people don't 
want to bother generating and/or parsing.

The binary format I've proposed allows for exclusion of information the 
logging node doesn't consider relevant, as well as inclusion of 
information that we don't define at this time. For me, that's almost as 
big a win as the efficiency in searching a file for records of interest.

/a

From vkg@alcatel-lucent.com  Thu Apr 30 13:35:33 2009
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Adam Roach wrote:
> For what it's worth, the program to read the Binary CLF file isn't 
> particularly efficient, either. For example -- you're reading in the 
> entire record each time, so the lseek call isn't necessary. (The other 
> way of looking at this is that you're seeking to the beginning of each 
> record, so reading in the entire record isn't necessary).

Yes ... having been duly chastised, I was poring over other
parts of the code and ran into that extraneous system
call as well.  The 25% gain you see is linear on my runs as
well, with the offending system call taken out.

It can still be optimized a bit more by not reading the
entire record and calculating the right offsets to seek
to, however, going into this I was not so much concerned
about reading because clearly binary CLF will win hands down.
I should have paid more attention to the writing part.

- vijay
-- 
Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
1960 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9C-533, Naperville, Illinois 60566 (USA)
Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
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From simon.perreault@viagenie.ca  Thu Apr 30 13:53:14 2009
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Vijay K. Gurbani wrote, on 29/04/09 10:32 AM:
> Time taken to seek to the last record of the CLF file:
>   Binary CLF:   3.08s
>   ASCII CLF:   16.55s (using perl v5.6.1)
>                42.92s (using perl v.5.8 and v5.10)

On my system I have Perl 5.10.0.

Initially:  26.33s

By eliminating the regexp loop: 16.66s (1.58x faster)

while (<LOGFILE>) {
    chomp;
    @fields = /[^" ]+|".*?"/g;
    ...

And I'm surprised nobody mentioned already that C would be MUCH faster than Perl.

I think that speed is not an issue in text vs binary.

Simon
-- 
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From vkg@alcatel-lucent.com  Thu Apr 30 14:11:40 2009
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Adam Roach wrote:
> Even knowing the list of purposes, if we go with a text format
> similar to what is proposed, we are going to be forced to nail down
> the complete set of log record fields now, with little hope for
> backwards-compatible extensibility in the future. Admittedly, we
> *could* go to a tagged text format (e.g. where the fields are
> explicitly labeled instead of being inferred by position) to address
> this shortcoming, but that's not what's being proposed at the moment.

The tagged format will add further latency to an ASCII format,
so I did not include it.  In the best case, I am looking for an
ASCII format that is amenable to taking a line and using a
regexp to break it down to its constituent fields.

> So, if we go down the path proposed in draft-gurbani-..., we're
> strapped with coming up with the perfect set of future-proof fields
> that encompasses everything anyone will ever need in the log file,
> while (at the same time) not including extraneous information that
> people don't want to bother generating and/or parsing.

I don't think we are constrained to a perfect set of future-proof
fields.  Rather, I think that there should be a list of fields
that are mandatory -- and these fields should be the ones that
allow for dialog and transaction identification and correlating
the various forked branches to a parent transaction, etc.

Regarding people don't wanting to get bothered by generating
and/or parsing extra fields, even in the currently
defined ASCII format, there is a delimiter after which the
rest of the fields are optional.  An off-the-shelf open source
CLF parser can parse all the mandatory ones and can just
disregard the optional ones; no harm done.  Of course, since
it will be written most probably in an interpreted language
of some sort (and I am thinking of perl/python here), it could
be extended to more easily to parse these fields.

Remember that we are not the consumers of the log file, rather
it is the people who will be feeding SIP servers.  And given
that constituency, I think they'd rather prefer to write tools
that operate on ASCII.

> The binary format I've proposed allows for exclusion of information
> the logging node doesn't consider relevant, as well as inclusion of 
> information that we don't define at this time. For me, that's almost
> as big a win as the efficiency in searching a file for records of
> interest.

Given the updated results and all, I will stop arguing on the
grounds of efficiency.  Reading binary CLF was always more
efficient, and so is producing the binary CLF.  But if the
only CLF format we define is a binary CLF, then I want to be
clear that we understand that we are making a tacit decision
to force all implementations to deal with digesting their SIP
message in this new format for logging purpose.  There will be
some SIP servers that already digest the incoming SIP message
and turn it into binary (complete with a ToC) for efficient
memory copying, etc.  To these servers, producing a binary CLF
will be a low impact activity.  But, there are and will be
SIP servers that do not carry an internal binary representation
of the SIP message.  We will, in essence, force these servers
to do so just to produce binary CLF.  And that is a big tradeoff.

A binary CLF can always be produced from an ASCII one using
offline transformations.  It is just that producing an ASCII
CLF is low-impact since the messages that enter and exit
a SIP server are ASCII to begin with.

Before going down the path of mandating a binary-only option,
I would at the very least like us to understand the tradeoffs
of the decision and keep in mind who the ultimate consumers
of the log file are.

Thanks,

- vijay
-- 
Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
1960 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9C-533, Naperville, Illinois 60566 (USA)
Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
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From vkg@alcatel-lucent.com  Thu Apr 30 14:18:04 2009
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Simon Perreault wrote:
> And I'm surprised nobody mentioned already that C would be MUCH
> faster than Perl.

Simon: Yes, that is always true.  However, I think we should
keep in mind who the ultimate consumer of the log file will be.
And a big constituency is enterprises, academia, small
businesses, etc.  Most of the people who feed the IT-type
infrastructure in such places are far more comfortable with
perl and python than C/C++.

Thanks,

- vijay
-- 
Vijay K. Gurbani, Bell Laboratories, Alcatel-Lucent
1960 Lucent Lane, Rm. 9C-533, Naperville, Illinois 60566 (USA)
Email: vkg@{alcatel-lucent.com,bell-labs.com,acm.org}
Web:   http://ect.bell-labs.com/who/vkg/

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On Thu, Apr 30, 2009 at 8:58 PM, Adam Roach <adam@nostrum.com> wrote:

> In other words, a couple of minor tweaks gets a 25% speed increase, which
> widens the already dramatic gap between text and binary log processing
> speed.

sorry, i just couldn't resist ... ;)

another slight modification takes it from 1.73s to 0.20s on my desktop
(avg 5 runs, clearing kernel page cache after each run).

  http://dev.voip.co.uk/~theo/read-clf-record.c.txt

even if mmap() isn't supported, reading in a multiple of page size at
a time is *far* faster the constant context switching due to read()s.

 ~ Theo

-- 
Theo Zourzouvillys
Chief Technical Officer
VoIP.co.uk

http://twitter.com/zourzouvillys
http://crazygreek.co.uk/


Sent from Bicester, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

From adam@nostrum.com  Thu Apr 30 14:44:43 2009
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Subject: Re: [dispatch] SIP-CLF: Results on ASCII vs. binary representation
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Simon Perreault wrote:

> And I'm surprised nobody mentioned already that C would be MUCH faster than Perl.
>
> I think that speed is not an issue in text vs binary.

Okay, so maybe it's not really fair to do the binary decoder in C and 
the text decoder in perl. Let's do an apples-to-apples comparison.

As we've already established, Vijay's C program (with my optimizations) 
takes 6.17 seconds to find the Call-ID in a binary file on my system.

His perl script takes 20.154 seconds on my system (with your 
optimizations, plus a 'o' flag on the regex to avoid repeated 
recompilations) to find it in a text log file. This will grow in 
complexity (and, presumably, time) once we add an escaping mechanism to 
the log format, but I'm happy to ignore that for now.

The perl script below takes 2.359 seconds on my system to find the 
Call-ID of interest. That's... ummm... better than twice as fast as the 
C program, and approaching 10 times faster than the perl script for the 
text format.

So, for some reason, I *do* think speed is an issue in this particular 
discussion.


#!/usr/bin/perl
$LOGFILE = "sip-clf.bin";
open(LOGFILE) or die("Could not open log file.");
$search = shift || die "Usage: $0 [call-id]\n";

while (read(LOGFILE, $buffer, 4)>0)
{
   $rec_len = unpack('N',$buffer) & 0x7FFF;
   read(LOGFILE,$buffer,$rec_len-4) || die $!;
   ($cid_ptr,$cid_len) = unpack ('x48n2',$buffer);
   $cid = substr($buffer, $cid_ptr-4, $cid_len);
   if ($cid eq $search)
   {
     print "Call-ID: $cid *** FOUND!!\n";
     exit;
   }
}

(For what it's worth, I'm using perl 5.8.8)

/a

From theo@crazygreek.co.uk  Thu Apr 30 15:03:00 2009
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On Thu, Apr 30, 2009 at 10:12 PM, Vijay K. Gurbani
<vkg@alcatel-lucent.com> wrote:


> A binary CLF can always be produced from an ASCII one using
> offline transformations.

indeed, and a binary one can be just as easily converted to an ASCII
one - quicker in that direction, too :-)

> It is just that producing an ASCII
> CLF is low-impact since the messages that enter and exit
> a SIP server are ASCII to begin with.

this statement makes no sense at all in the context of this dicussion.

it's not like there is a 1:1 mapping between the memory chunk received
over a network card and the log line.  Be it ASCII or binary, it needs
to generate the record.  Both are as simple as each other, whatever
the scenario.

 ~ Theo

-- 
http://twitter.com/zourzouvillys
http://crazygreek.co.uk/

Sent from Bicester, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom

From adam@nostrum.com  Thu Apr 30 15:17:38 2009
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Vijay K. Gurbani wrote:
> Adam Roach wrote:
>> Even knowing the list of purposes, if we go with a text format
>> similar to what is proposed, we are going to be forced to nail down
>> the complete set of log record fields now, with little hope for
>> backwards-compatible extensibility in the future. Admittedly, we
>> *could* go to a tagged text format (e.g. where the fields are
>> explicitly labeled instead of being inferred by position) to address
>> this shortcoming, but that's not what's being proposed at the moment.
>
> The tagged format will add further latency to an ASCII format,
> so I did not include it. In the best case, I am looking for an
> ASCII format that is amenable to taking a line and using a
> regexp to break it down to its constituent fields.

That's going to be pretty difficult with character escaping. You'll need 
powerful regex ninja skills to deal with the text format once you figure 
out how to handle things like spaces embedded within fields.


> Remember that we are not the consumers of the log file, rather
> it is the people who will be feeding SIP servers. And given
> that constituency, I think they'd rather prefer to write tools
> that operate on ASCII.

I don't think the constituent consumers will be particularly upset by 
the difference between:

   grep 'iaMb87@evil.example.com' sip-clf.log

and

   clfdump sip-clf.log | grep 'iaMb87@evil.example.com'


> Given the updated results and all, I will stop arguing on the
> grounds of efficiency. Reading binary CLF was always more
> efficient, and so is producing the binary CLF.
...
> But, there are and will be
> SIP servers that do not carry an internal binary representation
> of the SIP message. We will, in essence, force these servers
> to do so just to produce binary CLF. And that is a big tradeoff.


That's pure nonsense. You first acknowledge that the proposed binary 
format is faster to read and faster to write... and then make an 
argument that seems to be predicated on the opposite of that fact.

The servers will need to separate the components of interest out for 
both the format described in your document and the format described in 
mine. The binary format doesn't take any ASCII fields and turn them into 
a binary representation (with the exception of CSeq, but a single 
string-to-integer transformation -- one that almost every implementation 
needs to perform anyway -- certainly can't be what you're objecting to). 
The only real processing difference is how field and record delimitation 
is handled -- and we already know that the speed differences between 
them are negligible.


> A binary CLF can always be produced from an ASCII one using
> offline transformations.

And vice-versa -- at least, modulo the extensible tagging mechanisms 
inherent in the binary format.

> It is just that producing an ASCII
> CLF is low-impact since the messages that enter and exit
> a SIP server are ASCII to begin with.

Unless you're dumping literal SIP messages (which is not what you're 
proposing), you're still having to parse out the fields and rearrange 
them. This is true for BOTH formats. The impact is not significantly 
higher for one versus the other, and you've acknowledged that empirical 
data confirms this fact.

> Before going down the path of mandating a binary-only option,
> I would at the very least like us to understand the tradeoffs
> of the decision and keep in mind who the ultimate consumers
> of the log file are.

While I'm sure some of the ops guys will appreciate the fact that they 
get to take a 20-minute coffee and/or smoking break every time they 
launch a query against a 60-million-record log, there's probably a 
larger percentage of them who would like to be able to do their jobs 
efficiently.

At least, that's what I suspect.

/a

From adam@nostrum.com  Thu Apr 30 16:33:33 2009
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Subject: Re: [dispatch] SIP-CLF: Extensibility considerations (was Results on ASCII vs. binary representation)
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Theo Zourzouvillys wrote:
> On Thu, Apr 30, 2009 at 10:12 PM, Vijay K. Gurbani
> <vkg@alcatel-lucent.com>  wrote:
>
>
>> A binary CLF can always be produced from an ASCII one using
>> offline transformations.
>
> indeed, and a binary one can be just as easily converted to an ASCII
> one - quicker in that direction, too :-)

In fact, I'll help you out here.


/a

------------------------------------------------------------------------
#!/usr/bin/perl

$bin = shift;

open(LOGFILE, $bin) or die("Could not open log file $bin.");

while (read(LOGFILE, $buffer, 4) == 4)
{
   $tmp = unpack('N',$buffer) ;
   $rec_len = $tmp & 0x7FFF;
   $flags = $tmp >> 24;

   read(LOGFILE,$buffer,$rec_len-4) || die $!;
   ($date_hi, $date_lo, $time_ns, $cseq, $resp_code, $tlv_ptr, @toc)
     = unpack ('N4n18',$buffer);
   $tlv = substr($buffer, $tlv_ptr-4);

   if ($flags & &RESPONSE_FLAG)
   {
     #%d %x %y %s %m %t "%c"
     printf ("%s %s %s %03.3d %s %s;tag=%s \"%s\"\n",
             ($date_hi<<32|$date_lo),
             &get_field(&SERVER_TXN_FIELD,$buffer,@toc),
             &get_field(&CLIENT_TXN_FIELD,$buffer,@toc),
             $resp_code,
             &get_field(&METHOD_FIELD,$buffer,@toc),
             &get_field(&TO_FIELD,$buffer,@toc),
             &get_field(&TO_TAG_FIELD,$buffer,@toc),
             &get_tlv(&CONTACT_TAG,$tlv));
   }
   else
   {
     #%d %h %u %m %r %f %t %i "%c" %x %y
     printf ("%s %s %s %s %s %s;tag=%s %s;tag=%s %s \"%s\" %s %s\n",
             ($date_hi<<32|$date_lo),
             &get_tlv(&REMOTE_HOST_TAG,$tlv),
             &get_tlv(&AUTH_USER_TAG,$tlv),
             &get_field(&METHOD_FIELD,$buffer,@toc),
             &get_tlv(&REQUEST_URI_TAG,$tlv),
             &get_field(&FROM_FIELD,$buffer,@toc),
             &get_field(&FROM_TAG_FIELD,$buffer,@toc),
             &get_field(&TO_FIELD,$buffer,@toc),
             &get_field(&TO_TAG_FIELD,$buffer,@toc),
             &get_field(&CID_FIELD,$buffer,@toc),
             &get_tlv(&CONTACT_TAG,$tlv),
             &get_field(&SERVER_TXN_FIELD,$buffer,@toc),
             &get_field(&CLIENT_TXN_FIELD,$buffer,@toc));
   }
}

sub RESPONSE_FLAG {0x80}
sub RETRANSMISSION_FLAG {0x40}
sub SENT_FLAG {0x20}

sub CONTACT_TAG {0}
sub REQUEST_URI_TAG {1}
sub REMOTE_HOST_TAG {2}
sub AUTH_USER_TAG {3}
sub WHOLE_MESSAGE_TAG {4}

sub SERVER_TXN_FIELD {0}
sub CLIENT_TXN_FIELD {1}
sub METHOD_FIELD {2}
sub TO_FIELD {3}
sub TO_TAG_FIELD {4}
sub FROM_FIELD {5}
sub FROM_TAG_FIELD {6}
sub CID_FIELD {7}

sub get_field
{
   my ($field, $buffer, @toc) = @_;
   my ($pointer, $length) = ($toc[$field*2],$toc[$field*2+1]);
   my $result = substr($buffer, $pointer-4, $length);
   if ($result) { return $result; }
   return '-';
}

sub get_tlv
{
   my ($search_tag, $tlv) = @_;
   my (@result, $tag, $len, $value);
   my $offset = 0;

   while ($offset < length($tlv))
   {
     ($tag, $len) = unpack ('n2',substr($tlv,$offset));
     $value = substr($tlv, $offset + 4, $len);
     if ($tag == $search_tag) { push @result, $value }
     $offset += $len + 4;
   }

   if (@result) { return join ',',@result };
   return "-";
}

From scott.lawrence@nortel.com  Thu Apr 30 17:49:21 2009
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Subject: Re: [dispatch] SIP-CLF: Extensibility considerations (was Results on ASCII vs. binary representation)
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> Vijay K. Gurbani wrote:
> > The tagged format will add further latency to an ASCII format,
> > so I did not include it. In the best case, I am looking for an
> > ASCII format that is amenable to taking a line and using a
> > regexp to break it down to its constituent fields.

Adam Roach wrote:
> That's going to be pretty difficult with character escaping. You'll need 
> powerful regex ninja skills to deal with the text format once you figure 
> out how to handle things like spaces embedded within fields.

Not to mention escaped double quotes.

Having done a regex-based parser for just name-addr, I'd say don't go
there.


