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Date: Wed, 01 Oct 2003 12:43:35 +0300
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
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To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
Cc: Jonathan Wood <jonwood@speakeasy.net>,
        SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>,
        Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
Subject: Re: Issue 22: Part 2: Timestamp Delta time
References: <3F6ADBE9.6010209@ericsson.com> <3F6C58FF.3060102@kolumbus.fi>
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[Resending to the list, apparently the list failed on
  me again.  Sorry if you see this multiple times.]

Jari Arkko wrote:

> I agree with Jon that it seems like it is still possible
> to fill the cache. The point is that attackers can come up
> with new (perhaps precomputed) CGA addresses, and the timestamp
> cache needs to be per source in multicast messages. Tuomas'
> CGA generation formula does prevent the attack if Sec > 0,
> but we may not be able to rely on that, or can we?
> 
> But there seems to be two ways to deal with unbounded
> caches, like the ones that exist for tracking something
> related to a the source address of a packet.
> 
> 1. Throw out entries.
> 2. Reduce the allowed clock difference.
> 
> In the past, I have assumed we are doing #2. Though I can't
> claim I have thought it through fully. Here's what #2 would
> do: if there is no lack of space, accept all messages and store
> all cache entries that have used a timestamp within Delta. If
> you can store only half of the entries that would be required
> for this, reduce Delta to half and remove those entries that
> were furthest away from the node's own time. If the attacker
> is sending you a constant stream of messages from new source
> addresses with exactly the right time, reduce Delta to 0.
> At this point, you can still communicate with legitimate peers,
> but only if they have exactly the same clock as you do. When
> new space becomes available, Delta can again be increased.
> 
> Does this work? You tell me...

I think that we basically have two distinct attack scenarios:

   1. There are a number of hosts on a link, and someone
      launches an attack.  The goal here is clearly make
      sure that the hosts can continue to communicate even
      if the attack is going on.

   2. There is an attack going on, and a new host arrives
      to the link.  The goal here is to make it possible
      for the new host to become attached to the network,
      inspite of the attack.

 From this point of view, it is clearly better to be very
selective in how to throw out entries.  Reducing Delta
is very discriminative against those hosts that have a
large clock difference, while an attacker can reduce its
clock difference into arbitrarily small.  Throwing out old
entries just because their clock difference is large seems
like a bad approach.

In my opinion, the exact algorithm for expiring cache entries
in the case of a full cache is clearly a local policy issue,
and should not be specified in the document.  However, it might
be a good idea to give some guidance for implementors.

It also looks like that all the previous ideas of reducing
Delta are really bad, since the attacker can easily select
its own Delta, and make it whatever small.  A better idea
seems to be to have a separate cache space for new entries and
old entries, and under an attack more eagerly drop new cache
entries than old ones.  One could track traffic, and only allow
those new entries that receive genuine traffic to be converted
into old cache entries.

It also looks like a good idea to consider the sec parameter
when forcing cache entries out, and let those entries with
a larger sec a higher chance of staying in.

--Pekka Nikander




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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Oct  1 05:48:32 2003
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Subject: Issue 11:  Timestamp processing issues, nonce vs. timestamp
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[Resending to the list, apparently the list failed on
  me again.  Sorry if you see this multiple times.]

Since we decided to move to the ND options based approach,
issue 11 seems to boil down to the following:

1. Always process nonces from solicitated messages first,
    and if the nonce and signatures are verified OK, do create
    a cache entry even if the clock difference is larger
    than delta.

2. If timestamp checking is enabled for all inbound NSs, nodes
    with bad clocks can't get our address.  So, a sensible rule
    might be that "in case of invalid timestamp in a received NS,
    still respond to the message, but don't create a neighbor
    cache entry".

Both of these look doable with the new Issue 22 new method
of handling separately Delta and clock drift.

Hence, should we adopt the approach above?

--Pekka Nikander




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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Oct  1 06:34:29 2003
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From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
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To: jonwood@speakeasy.net
Cc: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>,
        SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>,
        Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
Subject: Re: Issue 22: Part 2: Timestamp Delta time
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[Resending to the list, apparently the list failed on
  me again.  Sorry if you see this multiple times.]

[Reordered quotes to make answering easier]

> I think it is becoming apparent that a method that will fully prevent
> replay attacks will be very complex to implement and administer.

I don't believe it is possible to fully prevent reply attacks,
given all the other requirements we have.  Hence, the real
question is to find out what is reasonable effort and what
is clearly too little.

Furthermore, as I wrote ...

>> In my opinion, the exact algorithm for expiring cache entries
>> in the case of a full cache is clearly a local policy issue,...

... we probably do not want to specify too much in the doc.
More like hints and concerns than a recommendation for a
full blown algorithm.

>> ... seems to be to have a separate cache space for new entries and
>> old entries, and under an attack more eagerly drop new cache
>> entries than old ones.  One could track traffic, and only allow
>> those new entries that receive genuine traffic to be converted
>> into old cache entries.
>>
>> It also looks like a good idea to consider the sec parameter
>> when forcing cache entries out, and let those entries with
>> a larger sec a higher chance of staying in.

> While such a scheme would make attacks harder, it would not
> fully prevent them. For example, an attacker could send a little
> traffic (i.e. a ping or TCP syn) after each NS to trick the victim into
> promoting its cache entry to the old cache.

Right.  The whole point is to make the effort required by an
attacker higher.  If an attacker has to generate a number of
keys with sec > 0, change its MAC address, send not only
unsoliciated messages but also trigger solications and answer
them, and also send some regular traffic, it needs to do quite
a lot of work.  That reduces the "appeal" of the cache filling
attacks, probably leading a potential attacker to try to find
a weaker spot somewhere else.

> Perhaps we should drop the cache idea altogether, and just use
> timestamp delta checking? The security provided, while not perfect,
> could still be reasonably good (depending on the local policy).  It
> would also be very simple for locals admins to understand and tweak.

I think having Delta and cache dropping separately seem like a
good idea.  It clearly improves resiliance in many situations.
For example, it even allows hosts with a large clock difference
to communicate if they somehow are able to create cache entries
through solicited (nonce carrying) packets.

On the other hand, I think we can leave all these concerns
as SHOULD, and leave the implementation the freedom to ignore
them and just use e.g. Delta, if really needed.

--Pekka Nikander




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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Oct  1 11:24:36 2003
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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
References: <3F7AA1D8.6090809@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: Issue 11:  Timestamp processing issues, nonce vs. timestamp
Date: Wed, 1 Oct 2003 08:21:44 -0700
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Agree.

            jak
\
----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
To: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Sent: Wednesday, October 01, 2003 2:43 AM
Subject: Issue 11: Timestamp processing issues, nonce vs. timestamp


> [Resending to the list, apparently the list failed on
>   me again.  Sorry if you see this multiple times.]
> 
> Since we decided to move to the ND options based approach,
> issue 11 seems to boil down to the following:
> 
> 1. Always process nonces from solicitated messages first,
>     and if the nonce and signatures are verified OK, do create
>     a cache entry even if the clock difference is larger
>     than delta.
> 
> 2. If timestamp checking is enabled for all inbound NSs, nodes
>     with bad clocks can't get our address.  So, a sensible rule
>     might be that "in case of invalid timestamp in a received NS,
>     still respond to the message, but don't create a neighbor
>     cache entry".
> 
> Both of these look doable with the new Issue 22 new method
> of handling separately Delta and clock drift.
> 
> Hence, should we adopt the approach above?
> 
> --Pekka Nikander
> 
> 
> 
> 
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
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> 
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Oct  6 00:49:47 2003
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Hello,

I went over the draft during the weekend, and jotted down few comments.

CP

Technical comments
-------------------

 1. Threats for a L2-switch, and ND-proxies. L2-switches, and ND- proxies
    build their neighbor cache by snooping the source IPv6 address, and
    the corresponding link-layer address. It is possible to send fake
    NS/NA/RA/RD/redirect/Data (any packet which is used to build the
    neighbor cache), and do a redirect/DOS attack.

    I think section 4 should list a threat concerning such devices.

 2. Flood DoS is described in section 4, but none of the attack is listed
    as "Flood DoS". I haven=92t evaluated the attacks for this one, but a
    quick scan shows that 4.1.1 qualifies as Flood DoS.

 3. Section 4.2.1.
       a. What is the "entering node"?
       b. I might be a bit confused - isn=92t the section referring to th=
e
          first-hop router? Can you also give the reference number to a
          section number in RFC2461 talks of this threat?
       c. The 3rd paragraph talks of RFC 2461, and 2462. Is there a
          conflict between these two documents? I am not able to
          understand why the default router selection procedure in
          section 6.3.6 needs a rule that concerns with the lifetime of
          the router.

 4. Mention the type of attack in section 4.2.2.

Editorial comments
------------------

 5. Reorganize the text concerning threats in section 4. The flow of text
    for all the text is not similar. It hampers readability, and it is
    difficult to identify the missing pieces. For example, section
    5.1.2 does not mention the type of attack.

    My suggestion is that the text for each threat should be
    divided amongst the following headings. (More headings may be
    headed as required)
------------------------------------------------------------------

THREAT DESCRIPTION

<Describe the threat>

TYPE OF ATTACK

<DOS or Redirect/DOS??>

EXTENSIONS

<In what ways can the attack be extended? If the type of attack is=20
different for each extension then mention that.>

MESSAGES INVOLVED

<List the messages that are involved in the threat, and=20
its extensions.>

THREAT ANALYSIS AND SOLUTIONS

<Analyze the threat for each model. Describe solutions if available,=20
and provide a reference for each known solution wherever possible.>
------------------------------------------------------------------

As an example let me rewrite the threat listed in Section 4.1.3.

------------------------------------------------------------------
THREAT DESCRIPTION

   In networks where the entering hosts obtain their addresses using
   stateless address autoconfiguration [4], an attacking node could
   launch a DoS attack by responding to every duplicate address
   detection attempt made by an entering host.  If the attacker claims
   the address, then the host will never be able to obtain an address.
   The attacker can claim the address in two ways: it can either reply
   with an NS, simulating that it is performing DAD, too, or it can
   reply with an NA, simulating that it has already taken the address
   into use. This threat was identified in RF2462 [4].

TYPE OF ATTACK

   DoS.

EXTENSIONS

  None.

MESSAGES INVOLVED

  NS/NA

THREAT ANALYSIS AND SOLUTIONS

  1. Model 1. This attack is not a concern if access to the link is
     restricted to trusted nodes; if a trusted node is compromised,
     the other nodes become exposed to this DoS threat.

     Solution : The operator may act as an authorizer, keeping track
                of allocated addresses and making sure that no node
                has allocated more than a few (hundreds of) addresses.
                On the other hand, it may be detrimental to adopt such
                a practice, since there may be situations where it is
                desirable for one node to have a large number of
                addresses, e.g, creating a separate address per TCP
                connection, or when running an ND proxy.  Thus, it may
                be inappropriate to suggest that ISPs could control
                how many addresses a legitimate host can have; the
                discussion above must be considered only as examples,
                as stated in the beginning of this draft.

  2. Model 2, and 3. This attack can be performed in both these
     models, as there is no trust relationship between the nodes.

     Solution : The node performing DAD is able to verify whether the
                sender of the NA response is authorized to use the
                given IP address or not. <References?>

     Solution : For model 3, one may want to structure the addresses
                in such a way that self authorization is
                possible. <References?>
------------------------------------------------------------------

    I found it a bit tedious to correlate the "+,-,R" symbols in the=20
    trust columns with the actual threat description. After the rewrite,=20
    it should be easy to do that.

 6. Abstract. Rephrase the last sentence to "The output forms a clear
    problem statement and a set of requirements for Securing IPv6
    Neighbor Discovery."

 7. Section 4.2.5, 3rd paragraph.

    s/finite system/system with finite resources/

 8. Section 4.2.6. 5th paragraph.

    s/target link will get all replies/target link may get replies/

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Oct  6 15:58:52 2003
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Date: Mon, 06 Oct 2003 15:01:28 +0300
From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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Subject: Re: Issue 11:  Timestamp processing issues, nonce vs. timestamp
References: <3F7AA1D8.6090809@nomadiclab.com>
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Pekka Nikander wrote:
> [Resending to the list, apparently the list failed on
>  me again.  Sorry if you see this multiple times.]
> 
> Since we decided to move to the ND options based approach,
> issue 11 seems to boil down to the following:
> 
> 1. Always process nonces from solicitated messages first,
>    and if the nonce and signatures are verified OK, do create
>    a cache entry even if the clock difference is larger
>    than delta.
> 
> 2. If timestamp checking is enabled for all inbound NSs, nodes
>    with bad clocks can't get our address.  So, a sensible rule
>    might be that "in case of invalid timestamp in a received NS,
>    still respond to the message, but don't create a neighbor
>    cache entry".
> 
> Both of these look doable with the new Issue 22 new method
> of handling separately Delta and clock drift.
> 
> Hence, should we adopt the approach above?

Yes.

--Jari



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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Oct  6 15:58:55 2003
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Subject: Re: Issue 22: Part 2: Timestamp Delta time
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Pekka Nikander wrote:

>  From this point of view, it is clearly better to be very
> selective in how to throw out entries.  Reducing Delta
> is very discriminative against those hosts that have a
> large clock difference, while an attacker can reduce its
> clock difference into arbitrarily small.  Throwing out old
> entries just because their clock difference is large seems
> like a bad approach.

Ok, I'm convinced.

> In my opinion, the exact algorithm for expiring cache entries
> in the case of a full cache is clearly a local policy issue,
> and should not be specified in the document.  However, it might
> be a good idea to give some guidance for implementors.
> 
> It also looks like that all the previous ideas of reducing
> Delta are really bad, since the attacker can easily select
> its own Delta, and make it whatever small.  A better idea
> seems to be to have a separate cache space for new entries and
> old entries, and under an attack more eagerly drop new cache
> entries than old ones.  One could track traffic, and only allow
> those new entries that receive genuine traffic to be converted
> into old cache entries.

Ok. We could perhaps say the following: "When there is a very
large number of hosts on the same link, or when an attack is
in progress, it is possible that the cache holding the most recent
timestamp per sender becomes full. In this case the node MUST
remove some entries from the cache or refuse some new requested
entries. The specific policy as to which entries are preferred
over the others is left as an implementation decision. However,
typical policies may prefer existing entries over new ones,
CGAs with a large Sec value over smaller Sec values, and so on."

> It also looks like a good idea to consider the sec parameter
> when forcing cache entries out, and let those entries with
> a larger sec a higher chance of staying in.

Yes.

--Jari


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Oct 13 02:39:05 2003
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Subject: New Issue: Signature inconsistency between the CGA and NDOPTs drafts
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Folks,

I am (finally) finishing the first official WG version of the NDOPTs
base spec, and editing in the resolutions for the issues solved at
the list.  (I am doing this as a proxy for Jari since he is currently
unavailable).

While doing my first round through the draft, I noticed an inconsistency
between the CGA draft and the NDOPTs draft, wrt. to signatures.

The CGA draft states as follows:

    To sign a message, a node SHOULD do the following:

    ....

    o  Generate the RSA signature using the RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5
       [PKCS.1.1993] signature algorithm with the SHA-1 hash algorithm.
       The inputs to the generation operation are the private key and the
       concatenation created above.

The NDOPTs draft states as follows:

       The signature is made using the RSA algorithm and MUST be encoded
       as private key encryption in PKCS #1 format [18]. The signature
       value is computed with the RSASSA-PKCS1-v2_1 algorithm and SHA-1
       hash as defined in [18].

These seem to be in conflict.  Which one is the right one, 1.5 or 2.1?
I have never played with the exact details of signatures, and
therefore I can't suggest either.

--Pekka Nikander


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Oct 13 03:24:18 2003
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Folks,

With regard to the DCS source address, the current spec says
the following:

          An IP address assigned to the sending interface, or the
          unspecified address if no address is assigned to the sending
          interface.

Should we be more specific, and say that the source address SHOULD
be the link local address?  Right now I don't see any specific
reason, other than the old saying of being conservative when
sending and liberal when receiving.

I didn't find anything in the outstanding issues, but maybe I just
missed it?

--Pekka Nikander


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From: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
To: <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
CC: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: New Issue: Signature inconsistency between the CGA and NDOPTs drafts
Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2003 10:59:15 +0300
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> These seem to be in conflict.  Which one is the right one, 1.5 or 2.1? 

2.1. This issue was raised earlier by Pasi Eronen and Valtteri
Niemi, registered as issue #9. They were right, I think. I
edited a fix for this issue in an intermediate draft version,
which you have. So it looks like the CGA draft needs to be
changed in this respect.

--Jari


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Oct 13 06:57:35 2003
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Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2003 13:53:01 +0300
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>
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To: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Cc: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
Subject: Closing issue 19:  Allow autoconfig even with non-CGA addrs e.g.
 ::1 
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Francis Dupont has requirested to allow the use of non-CGA
addresses instead of CGA addresses, and to use certificates
to authorize to use of such addresses.  This is OK and in
line with the earlier discussions at the WG.  To clarify
this, the following changes to the document were requested
and made:

>>  - same (comment/request for improvement)
>> 
>>    o  Cryptographically Generated Addresses are used to assure that the
>>       sender of a Neighbor or Router Advertisement is the owner of an
>>       the claimed address.  A public-private key pair needs to be
>>       generated by all nodes before they can claim an address.
>> 
>>   => this suggests that all addresses should be CGAs. Of course this
>>   is only one of the two cases:
>>    - certified addresses (always the case for universal or static IID)
>>    - CGAs (which always give local IID)

Proposed resolution:  Added the following new text after the old text:

          This specification also allows one to use non-CGA addresses
          and to use certificates to authorized their use.  However,
          the details of such use have been left for future work.

>>  - 8.3 Other Requirements (comment)
>> 
>>    Hosts that use stateless address autoconfiguration MUST generate a
>>    new CGA as specified in Section 4 of [27] for each new
>>    autoconfiguration run.
>> 
>>   => I disagree: nodes should have the choice between using a certified
>>   IID or a CGA based IID. My main name-server is a host and I don't
>>   want to use CGA for it for many reasons. Of course, I use stateless
>>   autoconfig even I've switched from EID64 IID to ::1 IID some months
>>   ago.

Proposed resolution:  Replace the text above with a new one:

        Hosts that use stateless address autoconfiguration, SHOULD
        generate a new CGA as specified in Section 4 of [27] for each
        new autoconfiguration run.  The hosts MAY continue to use the
        same public key and modifier, and start the process from Step 4.

        For natural reasons, hosts that are configured with a static
        address (e.g. PREFIX::1), cannot use CGA.  They SHOULD acquire
        a certificate and use certificate chain based authorization.


>>    It is outside the scope of this specification to describe the use of
>>    trusted root authorization between hosts with dynamically changing
>>    addresses.  Such dynamically changing addresses may be the result of
>>    stateful or stateless address autoconfiguration or through the use of
>>    RFC 3041 [9].  If the CGA method is not used, hosts would be required
>>    to exchange certificate chains that terminate in a certificate
>>    authorizing a host to use an IP address having a particular interface
>>    identifier.  This specification does not specify the format of such
>>    certificates, since there are currently a few cases where such
>>    certificates are required by the link layer and it is up to the link
>>    layer to provide certification for the interface identifier.  This
>>    may be the subject of a future specification.
>> 
>>   => this is not sound with the MUST of the previous paragraph.
>>   And not with all the CGA=yes/no in next sections...

This should be consistent now, with the above addition, shouldn't it?

Unless anyone objects, I will consider this issue now Solved with these
changes.

--Pekka Nikander


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Oct 13 07:42:35 2003
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From: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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Subject: Re: Closing issue 19:  Allow autoconfig even with non-CGA addrs e.g. ::1
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Pekka,

I agree with the principle of what you are trying to do.
But I wonder if we can simultaneously leave the cert-based
scheme details outside the scope of the specification and
have a keyword in the following text:

       For natural reasons, hosts that are configured with a static
       address (e.g. PREFIX::1), cannot use CGA.  They SHOULD acquire
       a certificate and use certificate chain based authorization.

How about changing this text to

       This specification does not address the protection of
       Neighbor Discovery packets for hosts that are configured
       with a static address (e.g., PREFIX::1). Future certificate
       chain based authorization specifications are needed for
       such hosts.

--Jari


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Oct 13 07:59:51 2003
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From: Julien Laganier <julien.laganier@laposte.net>
To: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Source Address Selection and CGA relationship
Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2003 13:55:56 +0200
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Folks,

I have a couple of questions regarding the dependance between SEND and default 
address selections algorithms [RFC3484]. 

While using SEND, a node only benefits from SEND if itself and its on-link 
correspondent (that is, either an on-link router or the other communication 
endpoint if it's on-link) both uses a CGA to mutually denotes each other. 

Hence, perhaps the SEND protocol specification should state that: "Rule X:  
Prefer CGA. If SA is a CGA and SB is not, then prefer SA." ?

In case the remaining questions being:

o Where should this check be done relatively to others source address 
selection rules (like home/CoA or public/tmp checks)?

o Should the sense of this preference be reversible for (mostly diagnostic) 
applications that aren't interested in having a "secure" network (e.g., 
parallel fping) ? An addendum might be "Implementations MUST/SHOULD provide a 
mechanism allowing an application to reverse the sense of this preference and 
prefer non-CG-Addresses over CG-Addresses (e.g., via appropriate API 
extensions)."

What do you folks think?

BTW, I co-authored a draft about a source address selection API allowing to 
tweak RFC3484 specified default behavior that partly address the CGA case: 
<http://www.rfc-editor.org/cgi-bin/iddoctype.pl?letsgo=draft-chakrabarti-ipv6-addrselect-api-01>

Thanks,

--julien

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Oct 13 12:40:56 2003
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From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>
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To: jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi
Cc: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net,
        Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
Subject: Re: Closing issue 19:  Allow autoconfig even with non-CGA addrs e.g.
 ::1
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jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi wrote:
> I agree with the principle of what you are trying to do.
> But I wonder if we can simultaneously leave the cert-based
> scheme details outside the scope of the specification and
> have a keyword in the following text:
> 
>        For natural reasons, hosts that are configured with a static
>        address (e.g. PREFIX::1), cannot use CGA.  They SHOULD acquire
>        a certificate and use certificate chain based authorization.
> 
> How about changing this text to
> 
>        This specification does not address the protection of
>        Neighbor Discovery packets for hosts that are configured
>        with a static address (e.g., PREFIX::1). Future certificate
>        chain based authorization specifications are needed for
>        such hosts.

Ok to me.  Changed for now.  Still waiting possible ack/nack from
Francis.

--Pekka


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Oct 13 14:39:52 2003
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Issue 16 is all editorial.  Some of the remarks have been obsoleted
by other changes to the draft, and the others have now been applied
with the exception of one comment, which I am discussing privately
with Jari and Francis.  The details of the issue are available at
http://www.arkko.com/publications/send/issues/issue16.txt

The comments to the ND overview section were quite extensive,
leading to (at least almost) substantial changes.  Therefore
I am including the new text here:

    The NDP messages are always meant to be used within a link, and never
    intended to leak outside of it.  The destination and source addresses
    used in these messages are as follows:

    o  Neighbor Solicitation: The destination address is either the
       solicited-node multicast address, a unicast address, or an anycast
       address.  The source address is either the unspecified address (in
       DAD) or a unicast address assigned to the sending interface.  In a
       typical case, the source address is equal to the source address of
       the outgoing packet, locally triggering the need to send the
       solicitation.

    o  Neighbor Advertisement: The destination address is either a
       unicast address or the all nodes multicast address [13].  The
       source address is a unicast address assigned to the sending
       interface.

    o  Router Solicitation: The destination address is typically the all
       routers multicast address [13].  The source address is either the
       unspecified address or a unicast address assigned to the sending
       interface.  An unspecified source address does not have any
       special semantics; it is just an optimization for startup.

    o  Router Advertisement: The destination address can be either a
       unicast or the all nodes multicast address [13].  The source
       address is a link-local address assigned to the sending interface.

    o  Redirect: This message is always sent to the source address of the
       packet that triggered the Redirect.  Hosts verify that the IP
       source address of the Redirect is the same as the current
       first-hop router for the specified ICMP Destination Address.
       Rules in [13] dictate that anycast, or multicast addresses may not
       be used as source addresses.  If the source address is an
       unspecified address, it is impossible to send a Redirect, since
       the unspecified address is forbidden as the destination address.
       Therefore, the destination address must always be a unicast
       address.

       The source address is a link-local address assigned to the sending
       interface.

Comments?  [13] is RFC 3513.

Once I get the one remaining comment resolved, I will send another
e-mail, and close the issue, unless there are further comments.

--Pekka Nikander


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Oct 13 14:54:49 2003
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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>,
        "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Cc: "Francis Dupont" <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
References: <3F8A840D.5040102@ericsson.com>
Subject: Re: Closing issue 19:  Allow autoconfig even with non-CGA addrs e.g. ::1 
Date: Mon, 13 Oct 2003 11:52:22 -0700
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I think there might be an issue with saying that cert-based SEND is FFS and
then saying that hosts with static addresses SHOULD use it.

Or?

            jak

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>
To: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Cc: "Francis Dupont" <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
Sent: Monday, October 13, 2003 3:53 AM
Subject: Closing issue 19: Allow autoconfig even with non-CGA addrs e.g. ::1


> Francis Dupont has requirested to allow the use of non-CGA
> addresses instead of CGA addresses, and to use certificates
> to authorize to use of such addresses.  This is OK and in
> line with the earlier discussions at the WG.  To clarify
> this, the following changes to the document were requested
> and made:
>
> >>  - same (comment/request for improvement)
> >>
> >>    o  Cryptographically Generated Addresses are used to assure that the
> >>       sender of a Neighbor or Router Advertisement is the owner of an
> >>       the claimed address.  A public-private key pair needs to be
> >>       generated by all nodes before they can claim an address.
> >>
> >>   => this suggests that all addresses should be CGAs. Of course this
> >>   is only one of the two cases:
> >>    - certified addresses (always the case for universal or static IID)
> >>    - CGAs (which always give local IID)
>
> Proposed resolution:  Added the following new text after the old text:
>
>           This specification also allows one to use non-CGA addresses
>           and to use certificates to authorized their use.  However,
>           the details of such use have been left for future work.
>
> >>  - 8.3 Other Requirements (comment)
> >>
> >>    Hosts that use stateless address autoconfiguration MUST generate a
> >>    new CGA as specified in Section 4 of [27] for each new
> >>    autoconfiguration run.
> >>
> >>   => I disagree: nodes should have the choice between using a certified
> >>   IID or a CGA based IID. My main name-server is a host and I don't
> >>   want to use CGA for it for many reasons. Of course, I use stateless
> >>   autoconfig even I've switched from EID64 IID to ::1 IID some months
> >>   ago.
>
> Proposed resolution:  Replace the text above with a new one:
>
>         Hosts that use stateless address autoconfiguration, SHOULD
>         generate a new CGA as specified in Section 4 of [27] for each
>         new autoconfiguration run.  The hosts MAY continue to use the
>         same public key and modifier, and start the process from Step 4.
>
>         For natural reasons, hosts that are configured with a static
>         address (e.g. PREFIX::1), cannot use CGA.  They SHOULD acquire
>         a certificate and use certificate chain based authorization.
>
>
> >>    It is outside the scope of this specification to describe the use of
> >>    trusted root authorization between hosts with dynamically changing
> >>    addresses.  Such dynamically changing addresses may be the result of
> >>    stateful or stateless address autoconfiguration or through the use
of
> >>    RFC 3041 [9].  If the CGA method is not used, hosts would be
required
> >>    to exchange certificate chains that terminate in a certificate
> >>    authorizing a host to use an IP address having a particular
interface
> >>    identifier.  This specification does not specify the format of such
> >>    certificates, since there are currently a few cases where such
> >>    certificates are required by the link layer and it is up to the link
> >>    layer to provide certification for the interface identifier.  This
> >>    may be the subject of a future specification.
> >>
> >>   => this is not sound with the MUST of the previous paragraph.
> >>   And not with all the CGA=yes/no in next sections...
>
> This should be consistent now, with the above addition, shouldn't it?
>
> Unless anyone objects, I will consider this issue now Solved with these
> changes.
>
> --Pekka Nikander
>
>
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Oct 14 02:35:49 2003
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James Kempf wrote:

> I think there might be an issue with saying that cert-based SEND is FFS and
> then saying that hosts with static addresses SHOULD use it.
> 
> Or?

Jari already noticed this, and provided some alternative text.
I think his suggestion is ok:

>    This specification does not address the protection of Neighbor
>    Discovery packets for hosts that are configured with a static address
>    (e.g., PREFIX::1). Future certificate chain based authorization
>    specifications are needed for such hosts.

--Pekka


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Oct 14 06:08:33 2003
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I have now tried to edit in the results of the dicussions
on Issues 11 and 22.  It has resulted in a new combined
section for the Nonce and Timestamp options, and an
appendix discussing the issue somewhat longer.

I am including the new text below.  If there are no comments,
I will consider these issues closed.

--Pekka Nikander

5.4 Timestamp and Nonce options

5.4.1 Timestamp Option

  <structure same as before>

5.4.2 Nonce Option

  <structure same as before>

5.4.3 Processing rules for senders

    All solicitation messages MUST include a Nonce.  All solicited-for
    announcements MUST include a Nonce, copying the nonce value from the
    received solicitation.  When sending a solication, the sender MUST
    store the nonce internally so that it can recognize any replies
    containing that particular nonce.

    All NDP messages MUST include a Timestamp.  Senders SHOULD set the
    Timestamp field to the current time, according to their real time
    clock.

    If a message has both Nonce and a Timestamp options, the Nonce option
    MUST precede the Timestamp option in order.

5.4.4 Processing rules for receivers

    The processing of the Nonce and Timestamp options depends on whether
    a packet is a solicited-for advertisement or not. A system may
    implement the distinction in various means. Section 5.4.4.1 defines
    the processing rules for solicited-for advertisements.  Section
    5.4.4.2 defines the processing rules for all other messages.

    When there is a very large number of hosts on the same link, or when
    a cache filling attack is in progress, it is possible that the cache
    holding the most recent timestamp per sender becomes full.  In this
    case the node MUST remove some entries from the cache or refuse some
    new requested entries.  The specific policy as to which entries are
    preferred over the others is left as an implementation decision.
    However, typical policies may prefer existing entries over new ones,
    CGAs with a large Sec value over smaller Sec values, and so on.  The
    issue is briefly discussed in Appendix C.

5.4.4.1 Processing solicited-for advertisements

    The receiver MUST verify that it has recently send a matching
    solicitation, and that the received advertisement does contain a
    copy of the Nonce sent in the solicitation.

    If the message does not contain a Nonce option, it MAY be
    considered as a non-solicited-for announcement, and processed
    according to Section 5.4.4.2.

    If the message does contain a Nonce option, but the Nonce value is
    not recognized, the message MUST be silently dropped.

    If the message is accepted, the receiver SHOULD store the receive
    time of the message and the time stamp time in the message, as
    specified in Section 5.4.4.2

5.4.4.2 Processing all other messages

    Receivers SHOULD be configured with an allowed timestamp Delta value
    and an allowed clock drift parameter.  The recommended default value
    for the allowed Delta is 3,600 seconds (1 hour) and 1% for clock
    dritf.

    To facilitate timestamp checking, each node SHOULD store the
    following information per each peer:

       The receive time of the last received, acepted ND message.  This
       is called RDlast.

       The time stamp in the last received, accepted ND message.  This is
       called TSlast.

    Receivers SHOULD then check the Timestamp field as follows:

    o  When a message is received from a new peer, i.e., one that is not
       stored in the cache, the received timestamp, TSnew, is checked and
       the packet is accepted if the timestamp is recent enough with
       respect to the receival time of the packet, RDnew:

         -Delta < (RDnew - TSnew) < +Delta

        The RDnew and TSnew values SHOULD be stored into the cache as
       RDlast and TSlast.

    o  If the timestamp is NOT within the boundaries but the message is a
       Neighbor Solicitation message that should be responded to by the
       receiver, the receiver MAY respond to the message.  However, if it
       does respond to the message, it MUST NOT create a neighbor cache
       entry.  This allows hosts that have large difference in their
       clocks to still communicate with each other, by exchanging NS/NA
       pairs.

    o  When a message is received from a known peer, i.e., one that
       already has an entry in the cache, the time stamp is check against
       the last received message:

         TSnew > TSlast + (RDnew - RDlast) x (1 - drift)

    o  If TSnew < TSlast, which is possible if packets arrive rapidly and
       out of order, TSlast MUST NOT be updated, i.e., the stored TSlast
       for a given host MUST NOT ever decrease.  Otherwise TSlast SHOULD
       be updated.  RDlast MUST be updated in any case.

----------------------------

Appendix C. Cache Management

    In this section we outline a cache management algorithm that allows a
    host to remain partially functional even under a cache filling DoS
    attack.  This appendix is informational, and real implementations
    SHOULD use different algorithms in order to avoid he dangers of
    monocultural code.

    There are at least two distinct cache related attack scenarios:

    1.  There are a number of hosts on a link, and someone launches a
        cache filling attack.  The goal here is clearly make sure that
        the hosts can continue to communicate even if the attack is going
        on.

    2.  There is already a cache filling attack going on, and a new host
        arrives to the link.  The goal here is to make it possible for
        the new host to become attached to the network, inspite of the
        attack.

    From this point of view, it is clearly better to be very selective in
    how to throw out entries.  Reducing the timestamp Delta value is very
    discriminative against those hosts that have a large clock
    difference, while an attacker can reduce its clock difference into
    arbitrarily small.  Throwing out old entries just because their clock
    difference is large seems like a bad approach.

    A reasonable idea seems to be to have a separate cache space for new
    entries and old entries, and under an attack more eagerly drop new
    cache entries than old ones.  One could track traffic, and only allow
    those new entries that receive genuine traffic to be converted into
    old cache entries.  While such a scheme will make attacks harder, it
    will not fully prevent them. For example, an attacker could send a
    little traffic (i.e. a ping or TCP syn) after each NS to trick the
    victim into promoting its cache entry to the old cache.  Hence, the
    host may be more intelligent in keeping its cache entries, and not
    just have a black/white old/new boundary.

    It also looks like a good idea to consider the sec parameter when
    forcing cache entries out, and let those entries with a larger sec a
    higher chance of staying in.



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The WG agreed at the Vienna meeting that the usage of
certificate chains for ND (as opposed to RD) should be
left for future study.  At the same time, some people
voiced their opinion that such a feature might be very
useful, and I think that at least someone even volunteered
to write a spec.  However, so far we (the chairs) haven't
seen any concrete results.

Anyway, I have now went through the current working version
of the draft, and tried to carefully mark any locations
that talk about certificates and ND as for further study.
I can't promise that I have caught all such locations, though.
Hence, some more reading is probably needed.

A snapshot (rough at cert formats) of the draft is available
at the following URLs:

http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00-pre-Oct14.txt
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00-pre-Oct14.html
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00-pre-Oct14.xml

Anyway, I think this issue is now closed.

--Pekka Nikander


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Oct 14 07:10:05 2003
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I have now edited in Dave Thaler's comments as follows:

> 1) Section 6 states:
>    > Similarly, the router, which is already connected to the network, can
>    > if necessary communicate off-link and construct the certificate
>    > chain.
> 
> This should be clarified with "in some cases".  If the router is
> not connected to the Internet, this may not be possible.

The new text now reads:

                         In the typical case, a router, which is
       already connected to beyond the link, can (if necessary)
       communicate with off-link nodes and construct such a certificate
       chain.

> 2) Sections 6.1 and 6.2 describe an Identifier field, but does not
>    specify how it is set in a solicitation or in an unsolicited
>    advertisement.  E.g.  if it is always set to 1, it doesn't seem
>    very useful.  Likewise, if each host starts with 1 and increments,
>    it's also less useful since hosts can collide.  I think it should
>    be randomly generated if possible.

The new text now reads:

       A 16-bit unsigned integer field, acting as an
       identifier to help matching advertisements to
       solicitations.  The Identifier field MUST NOT be zero,
       and its value SHOULD be randomly generated.  (This
       randomness does not need to be cryptographically hard,
       though.  Its purpose is to avoid collisions.)

> 3) Sections 6.3 and 6.4 both specify options with a variable-length
>    field followed by padding.  However, they use two different encodings
>    for no good reason.  One specifies the length of the field, and the
>    other specifies the length of the padding.  Instead, both options
>    should be consistent.

Changed now so that both sections have an explicit pad length.

> 4) Section 6.4 says:
>    >  When the Name Type field is set to 1, the Name field contains the
>    >  Fully Qualified Domain Name of the trusted root, for example
>    >  "trustroot.operator.com".
> 
>    More guidance is needed to prevent interoperability problems.  Is the
>    string null-terminated (I assume no)?  Are internationalized domain
>    names legal?  What is the encoding?  (UTF-8?  Unicode? ...)

The new text now reads:

       When the Name Type field is set to 1, the Name field
       contains a Fully Qualified Domain Name of the trusted
       root, for example, "trustroot.example.com". The name is
       stored as a string, in the "preferred name syntax" DNS
       format, as specified in RFC1034 Section 3.5.
       Additionally, the restrictions discussed in RFC 3280
       Section 4.2.1.7 apply.

> 5) Section 6.5 says:
>    > RFC 3281.  If the GeneralName attribute is a dNSName, it MUST be
>    > resolvable to a global unicast address assigned to the router.  If
>    > the GeneralName attribute is an iPAddress, it MUST be a global
>    > unicast address assigned to the router.  For purposes of facilitating
> 
>    For people not familiar with X.509, is it easy to explain in 1-2
>    sentences what it is used for?  (That is, why is it a MUST above?) 
>    As is, it sounds suspiciously like a security hole.

This issue has disappeared since we no longer use RFC3281.

> 6) Section 6.5.1 says:
>    >  This field MUST contain a list of prefixes that the router is
>    >  authorized to route, or the  unspecified  prefix  if  the  router
> 
>    This wording is particularly problematic.  Routers route packets
>    not prefixes.  They _advertise_ prefixes in RA's and in routing protocols.
>    It's similarly unclear whether the prefix list is what remote
>    prefixes it's allowed to advertise as off-link routes in RA's (e.g.
>    ::/0 if it can be a default router on the link), or whether the prefix
>    list is what local prefixes it's allowed to advertise as on-link routes
>    in RA's.  I'm guessing the latter, but I can think of arguments for
>    restricting both.

This issue has disappeared since we no longer use RFC3281.

> 
> 7) Sections 6.6 and 6.7 appear to contradict each other.
>    6.6 says:
>    > SHOULD send an advertisement without any certificates.  In this case
>    > the router SHOULD include the Trusted Root options which were
>    > solicited.
> 
>    Hence the Trusted Root option is legal in an advertisement.
> 
>    6.7 says:
>    > packet processed in the normal manner.  The only defined option that
>    > may appear is the Certificate option.  An advertisement that passes
> 
>    Hence the Trusted Root option is not legal in an advertisement.

6.7 fixed to allow Trusted Root option.

> 8) Section 7.1.2 and reference [27] contradict each other.
>    7.1.2 says:
> 
>    >    CGAParameters ::= SEQUENCE {
>    >      publicKey      SubjectPublicKeyInfo,
>    >      auxParameters  CGAAuxParameters OPTIONAL }
> 
>    whereas [27] now has the opposite order.  It would be better to not
>    copy the definition here at all, and just refer to [27] for the
>    definition.

This issue has diappeared since we no longer use ASN.1 here.

> 9) Section 7.1.3 talks about a minbits parameter.  It doesn't really
>    say how the value should be determined.  Some guidance would be
>    helpful.

The new text now reads:

     The minimum acceptable key length for the public keys
     used in the generation of the CGA address.  The default
     SHOULD be 1024 bits.  Implementations MAY also set an
     upper limit in order to limit the amount of computation
     they need to perform when verifying packets that use
     these security associations.  Any implementation should
     follow prudent cryptographic practise in determining the
     appropriate key lengths.

I don't think whether it is good to give any reference, since
references in this field tend to get obsoleted fairly soon.

Unless there are any more comments, I will consider this issue closed.

--Pekka Nikander


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Oct 14 11:53:59 2003
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Subject: Re: Closing issue 19:  Allow autoconfig even with non-CGA addrs e.g. ::1
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Yes, that sounds fine.

            jak

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>
To: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Cc: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>; "SEND WG"
<ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>; "Francis Dupont"
<Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
Sent: Monday, October 13, 2003 11:32 PM
Subject: Re: Closing issue 19: Allow autoconfig even with non-CGA addrs e.g.
::1


> James Kempf wrote:
>
> > I think there might be an issue with saying that cert-based SEND is FFS
and
> > then saying that hosts with static addresses SHOULD use it.
> >
> > Or?
>
> Jari already noticed this, and provided some alternative text.
> I think his suggestion is ok:
>
> >    This specification does not address the protection of Neighbor
> >    Discovery packets for hosts that are configured with a static address
> >    (e.g., PREFIX::1). Future certificate chain based authorization
> >    specifications are needed for such hosts.
>
> --Pekka
>
>
>

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Oct 14 23:19:40 2003
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Subject: Trusted root names
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I'm not sure that using a FQDN (i.e. hostname) to represent
a trusted root is a good thing, since intermediate and root
authorities might not be hosts. Also, if we want to use FQDNs
in SEND in this fasion, won't we need to also mandate a
certificate profile that requires the inclusion of DNS alt subj
names in each cert?

I would rather that we stuck with using the basic subject field
in a cert. If we do, we would need some changes in the trusted
root option: the name should probably be DER-encoded X501
Name type (which is how it is encoded in a cert), and we
would not need the pad length any more, since the DER-encoding
would give us that information. Section 6.6 would also need
to change references to subjectAltName.

Comments?

Jonathan

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Oct 14 23:27:46 2003
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Subject: Re: Closing issues 11 and 22: Nonce and timestamp management
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This looks good to me - one question, and one minor editorial
comment:

On Tuesday, October 14, 2003, at 03:01 AM, Pekka Nikander wrote:

>
<...>

>    If a message has both Nonce and a Timestamp options, the Nonce 
> option
>    MUST precede the Timestamp option in order.

Why require ordering? (Also note that RFC 2461 section 9 says
"Options in Neighbor Discovery packets can appear in any order;
receivers MUST be prepared to process them independantly of
their order")

>
> 5.4.4 Processing rules for receivers
>
>    The processing of the Nonce and Timestamp options depends on whether
>    a packet is a solicited-for advertisement or not. A system may
>    implement the distinction in various means. Section 5.4.4.1 defines
>    the processing rules for solicited-for advertisements.  Section
>    5.4.4.2 defines the processing rules for all other messages.
>
>    When there is a very large number of hosts on the same link, or when
>    a cache filling attack is in progress, it is possible that the cache
>    holding the most recent timestamp per sender becomes full.  In this
>    case the node MUST remove some entries from the cache or refuse some
>    new requested entries.  The specific policy as to which entries are
>    preferred over the others is left as an implementation decision.
>    However, typical policies may prefer existing entries over new ones,
>    CGAs with a large Sec value over smaller Sec values, and so on.  The
>    issue is briefly discussed in Appendix C.

[Editorial]
This paragraph jumps right into a cache discussion with no context;
It may be clearer to start with something like "A implementation may 
utilize
some mechanism such as a timestamp cache to strengthen resistance to
replay attacks."

Jonathan

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From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
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To: Jonathan Wood <jonwood@speakeasy.net>
Cc: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: Trusted root names
References: <CEB32822-FEBD-11D7-9372-0003930D291E@speakeasy.net>
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Jonathan Wood wrote:
> I'm not sure that using a FQDN (i.e. hostname) to represent
> a trusted root is a good thing, since intermediate and root
> authorities might not be hosts. Also, if we want to use FQDNs
> in SEND in this fasion, won't we need to also mandate a
> certificate profile that requires the inclusion of DNS alt subj
> names in each cert?
> 
> I would rather that we stuck with using the basic subject field
> in a cert. If we do, we would need some changes in the trusted
> root option: the name should probably be DER-encoded X501
> Name type (which is how it is encoded in a cert), and we
> would not need the pad length any more, since the DER-encoding
> would give us that information. Section 6.6 would also need
> to change references to subjectAltName.
> 
> Comments?

We discussed this issue at the DT for some length, but I don't
remember any more all of the details.  In any case, I would
have liked to use a hash of the root public key to represent
the root, but that was not considered as a good choice since
it would be fairly hard to use such a hash as a search key.

I think it was mostly James who prefererred the FQDN, and
if I remember right, the main reason was the ease of using
it as a search key.  That is, if we use the FQDN to represent
the root, we can use either LDAP or DNS to store the keys
and to retrieve them.

Anyway, for me it is OK to define a new type of the name
field, as an alternativity to the FQDN, both being equally
acceptable (and both being mandatory to implement).
Here is the suggestion:

     When the Name Type field is set to 2, the Name field
     contains a DER encoded X.501 certificate Name, represented
     and encoded exactly as in the matching X.509v3 root
     certificate.

What comes to Section 6.6, you are right.  It needs to be
revised so that the FQDN is not really mentioned, but the
text should be more generic.  Here is my suggestion,
presuming that we define a DER encoded subject format.

Old text:

   In a solicited-for advertisement, the router SHOULD include
   suitable Certificate options so that a delegation chain to the
   solicited root can be established.  The root is identified by
   the FQDN from the Trusted Root option being equal to an FQDN
   in the subjectAltName field of the root's certificate. The
   router SHOULD include the Trusted Root option(s) in the
   advertisement for which the delegation chain was found.

New text:

   In a solicited-for advertisement, the router SHOULD include
   suitable Certificate options so that a delegation chain to the
   solicited root can be established.  The root is identified by
   the Trusted Root option.  If the Trusted Root option is
   represented as an FQDN, the FQDN must be equal to an FQDN in
   the subjectAltName field of the root's certificate.  If the
   Trusted Root option is represented as a DER Encoded X.501
   Name, then the Name must be equal to the Subject field in the
   root's certificate.  The router SHOULD include the Trusted
   Root option(s) in the advertisement for which the delegation
   chain was found.

Ok?

--Pekka Nikander







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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Oct 15 02:58:13 2003
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To: Jonathan Wood <jonwood@speakeasy.net>
Cc: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: Closing issues 11 and 22: Nonce and timestamp management
References: <376069A2-FEBF-11D7-9372-0003930D291E@speakeasy.net>
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Jonathan Wood wrote:
>>    If a message has both Nonce and a Timestamp options, the Nonce option
>>    MUST precede the Timestamp option in order.
> 
> Why require ordering? (Also note that RFC 2461 section 9 says
> "Options in Neighbor Discovery packets can appear in any order;
> receivers MUST be prepared to process them independantly of
> their order")

Well, having the Nonce before the Timestamp would make processing
at the receiving end easier.  But if RFC 2461 says otherwise
(I was unaware of the clause), then apparently we shouldn't
mandate.  I changed the text to read as follows:

   If a message has both Nonce and Timestamp options, the
   Nonce option SHOULD precede the Timestamp option in order.
   The receiver MUST be prepared to receive them in any order,
   as per RFC 2461 Section 9.

Better?

>> 5.4.4 Processing rules for receivers
>>
...
>>
>>    When there is a very large number of hosts on the same link, or when
>>    a cache filling attack is in progress, it is possible that the cache
....
> 
> 
> [Editorial]
> This paragraph jumps right into a cache discussion with no context;
> It may be clearer to start with something like "A implementation may 
> utilize
> some mechanism such as a timestamp cache to strengthen resistance to
> replay attacks."

Thanks, I added your suggested sentence (with s/^A/An/)

--Pekka


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Oct 15 05:06:01 2003
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Subject: Closing issue 04: Editorial issues in draft-send-ipsec-01.txt   
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I have now edited the editorial corrections, where
applicable, as proposed by Dave Thaler.  Thanks Dave!

The resulting snapshot of the draft is available at
the following URLs:

http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00-pre-Oct15.txt
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00-pre-Oct15.html
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00-pre-Oct15.xml

Note that I may update the draft again today, and therefore
the contents of the URLs may be slightly different depending
on what time of day you access them.  OTOH, my TZ is GMT+2,
and I won't work throught the night :-)

I consider this issue closed.  However, that doesn't mean that
the draft doesn't contain typos or grammatical mistakes :-(

--Pekka Nikander


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Oct 15 05:08:48 2003
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Subject: Closing issue 26: Timestamp management 
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Issue 26 concerned timestamp and cache management:

> Jonathan Wood: I'd like to get some clarification on timestamp
> management - what is going into the next draft?
> 
> One thing which has not been clear to me thus far is what to do when
> the cache becomes full -  how should we decide which entries to
> throw out? We need a strategy that does not allow an attacker to
> flush a timestamp cache with bogus entries as a prelude to performing
> a replay attack.

As per the below message by Jon, I think this issue will be
closed as soon as we get issues 11 / 22 completely closed.

 > Date: Tue, 14 Oct 2003 20:25:25 -0700
 > Subject: Re: Closing issues 11 and 22: Nonce and timestamp management
 > Cc: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
 > To: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>
 > From: Jonathan Wood <jonwood@speakeasy.net>
 > Message-Id: <376069A2-FEBF-11D7-9372-0003930D291E@speakeasy.net>
 >
 > This looks good to me - one question, and one minor editorial
 > comment:

--Pekka Nikander


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Oct 15 05:45:14 2003
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Dear Chirayu,

Thanks a lot for your comments, and sorry for not answering
earlier.  Our only excuse is that there is a procedural
problem with your comments, and we have requested advice from
the ADs.  We are still waiting for the reply.

The problem is that the psreq draft has already passed the
IESG review, I have already resolved the minor issues that
they had, and now the draft is waiting for their acceptanse
on the resolutions.  In other words, the draft is fairly
long on its way to become an RFC.

Based on the that status, and the fact that the draft does not
specify a protocol but is only informational, we are inclided
to reject your editorial suggestion #5 as a too large one.
While it might be good, its doesn't warrant the required new
review.   What comes to the other editorial comments, let
me take them one by one:

 >  6. Abstract. Rephrase the last sentence to "The output forms a clear
 >     problem statement and a set of requirements for Securing IPv6
 >     Neighbor Discovery."

The last sentence has already been changed, as per IESG request.

 >  7. Section 4.2.5, 3rd paragraph.
 >
 >     s/finite system/system with finite resources/

IMHO the concept of "finite system" is well enough defined.
As an informal indication, google finds about 8500 uses of it.

 >  8. Section 4.2.6. 5th paragraph.
 >
 >     s/target link will get all replies/target link may get replies/

I changed this to read "target link may get a large number of replies".
Thanks for catching this.


Going to the technical comments:

>  1. Threats for a L2-switch, and ND-proxies. L2-switches, and ND- proxi=
es
>     build their neighbor cache by snooping the source IPv6 address, and
>     the corresponding link-layer address. It is possible to send fake
>     NS/NA/RA/RD/redirect/Data (any packet which is used to build the
>     neighbor cache), and do a redirect/DOS attack.
>=20
>     I think section 4 should list a threat concerning such devices.

While your intention is good, I think that any such work should be
left for future.  There has been some discussion about these kinds
of use scenarios before.  However, only maybe a couple of people have
shown real interest on working on those problems, and so far we have
seen no real, concrete input.

If you are interested, maybe you could write a new -00 draft, and
submit it as an individual draft.  If there is interest in continuing
the SEND work once the current work has been completed, such input
would be very valuable.  In any case, if the draft is high quality,
it may be interesting enough to be published as an Information RFC
even without a working group.

Currently our plan is to close the SEND WG as soon as the current
wg items are completed.

>  2. Flood DoS is described in section 4, but none of the attack is list=
ed
>     as "Flood DoS". I haven=92t evaluated the attacks for this one, but=
 a
>     quick scan shows that 4.1.1 qualifies as Flood DoS.

The structuring of the introduction in Section 4 and the rest of
section 4 is different.  We have not really made a difference between
flooding DoS and other types of DoS in the rest of section 4.
Maybe we should have such distinction, but at least I am not willing
to do it at this stage any more.  Sorry.

>  3. Section 4.2.1.
>        a. What is the "entering node"?

Well, a node attempting to discover a router is most probably
a new node entering to the link.  I readily admit that the text
is not very clear.  If you could propose how to revise the text,
that would be great.

>        b. I might be a bit confused - isn=92t the section referring to =
the
>           first-hop router? Can you also give the reference number to a
>           section number in RFC2461 talks of this threat?

The text has been inherited a few times.  I would need to read RFC2461
carefully in order to find out which section it is.  But, yes, it would
be good to add a reference to the specific section.

Does anybody else remember right away?

>        c. The 3rd paragraph talks of RFC 2461, and 2462. Is there a
>           conflict between these two documents? I am not able to
>           understand why the default router selection procedure in
>           section 6.3.6 needs a rule that concerns with the lifetime of
>           the router.

I am not really an expert on the differences between 2461 and 2462.
Could somebody else provide an answer?  If good enough, I can add
it to the draft (if the IESG approves, of course).

>  4. Mention the type of attack in section 4.2.2.

Good catch.  It is mostly a DoS attack, but could also be used
to redirect (to the next better router).  Added.

A pre-release of the updated draft, with the resolutions to the IESG
issues and your concerns, is available at

http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-psreq-04-pre-Oct15.txt
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-psreq-04-pre-Oct15.html
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-psreq-04-pre-Oct15.xml

The changes are highlighted in

http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-psreq-04-pre-Oct15-diff.h=
tml
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-psreq-04-pre-Oct15-chbar.=
txt

--Pekka Nikander


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Oct 15 06:47:22 2003
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I believe that I have now resolved the majority of the
certificate issues, as discussed on the list on issue #20.
I still need to check that this covers all comments
on issue #08, but I'll do that later.

The new certificate text reads as follows:

-------------------------------------------------

6.5 Router Authorization Certificate Format

    The certificate chain of a router terminates in a Router
    Authorization Certificate that authorizes a specific IPv6 node to act
    as a router.  Because authorization chains are not a common practice
    in the Internet at the time this specification is being written, the
    chain MUST consist of standard Public Key Certificates (PKC, in the
    sense of [22]).  The certificates chain MUST start from the identity
    of a trusted root that is shared by the host and the router.  This
    allows the host to anchor trust for the router's public key in the
    trusted root.  Note that there MAY be multiple certificates issued by
    a single trusted root.

6.5.1 Router Authorization Certificate Profile

    Router Authorization Certificates MUST contain the X.509 extension
    for IP addresses, as defined in [13].  The parent certificates in the
    certificate chain MUST contain one or more X.509 IP address
    extensions, back up to the delegating authority (the Regional Address
    Registry or IANA) that delegated the original IP address space block.
    The certificates for intermediate delegating authorities MUST contain
    X.509 IP address extension(s) for subdelegations. The router's
    certificate is signed by the delegating authority for the prefixes
    the router is authorized to to advertize.

    The X.509 IP address extension MUST contain at least one
    addressesOrRanges element that contains an addressPrefix element with
    an IPv6 address prefix for a prefix the router or the intermediate
    entity is authorized to advertize.  If the entity is allowed to route
    any prefix, the used IPv6 address prefix is the null prefix, 0/0.
    The addressFamily element of the containing IPAddrBlocks sequence
    element MUST contain the IPv6 AFI (0002), as specified in [13] for
    IPv6 prefixes.  Instead of an addressPrefix element, the
    addressesOrRange element MAY contain an addressRange element for a
    range of prefixes, if more than one prefix is authorized.  The X.509
    IP address extension MAY contain additional IPv6 prefixes, expressed
    either as an addressPrefix or an addressRange.

    A SEND node receiving a Router Authorization Certificate MUST first
    check whether the certificate's signature was generated by the
    delegating authority.  Then the client MUST check whether all the
    addressPrefix or addressRange entries in the router's certificate are
    contained within the address ranges in the delegating authority's
    certificate, and whether the addressPrefix entries match any
    addressPrefix entries in the delegating authority's certificate.  If
    an addressPrefix or addressRange is not contained within the
    delegating authority's prefixes or ranges, the client MAY attept to
    take an intersection of the ranges/prefixes, and use that
    intersection.  If the addressPrefix in the certificate is the null
    prefix, 0/0, such an intersection SHOULD be used.  (In that case the
    intersection is the parent prefix or range.)  If the resulting
    intersection is empty, the client MUST NOT accept the certificate.

    The above check SHOULD be done for all certificates in the chain
    received through DCA messages.  If any of the checks fail, the client
    MUST NOT accept the certificate.

    Since it is possible that some PKC certificates used with SEND do not
    immediately contain the X.509 IP address extension element, an
    implementation MAY contain facilities that allow the prefix and range
    checks to be relaxed. However, any such configuration options SHOULD
    be off by default.  That is, the system SHOULD have a default
    configuration that requires rigorious prefix and range checks.

----------------------------------------------------

Comments?

Considering the minor points, I have resolved them as follows:

> Francis Dupont writes and Jari Arkko responds:
>
>>  - 6.3 Trusted Root Option (comment)
>> 
>>   => you don't support two root certificates for the same root...
>>   I propose to add a name type where one can put a hash of the
>>   certificate. For the hash itself the objectDigest seems perfect.
> 
> Sounds good. Pekka?

The text has now been clarified that a host may be configured with
several trusted root, and that there may be several certificates
issued by a trusted root.  The idea of using hashes to identify
trusted roots were not adopted.

>>   BTW I don't understand why we should not put PKIX certificates?
>>   IKEv2 does this, and it can make interoperability between implementations
>>   less problematic.
> 
> There's a pending discussion about the exact certificate types
> used.

The new text indeed uses PKC certificates, with the IP address
extension.

>>  - 6.5 Router Authorization Certificate Format (comment)
>> 
>>    MUST consist of standard Public Key Certificates (PKC, in the sense
>>    of [11]) for identity from the trusted root shared with the host to
>> 
>>  => [11] (PKIX) doesn't use this term... IMHO the right reference is [12]
>>  and the introduction text of [12] about PKC and AC should be copied!
> 
> Sounds right. Pekka?

Used RFC3281 as the reference.  Moved RFC3281 is now an informational
reference instead of normative.

>>  - same (comment)
>> 
>>    acinfo.attributes
>> 
>>       This field MUST contain a list of prefixes that the router is
>>       authorized to route
>> 
>>   => I disagree: a router is not authorized to route a prefix, it is
>>   authorized to advertise/annonce a prefix. About routing perhaps
>>   it should be useful to authorize (or not) a router to be a default
>>   router?
> 
> Right. This has been covered under issue #5.

Changed all text to read that a router/entity is authorized to
advertize a prefix, not to route it.

>>  - same (comment)
>> 
>>       If the router is authorized only to route specific prefixes, the
>>       ipAddress values consist of IPv6 addresses in standard RFC 3513
>>       [13] prefix format.
>> 
>>   => my problem is that ipAddress can't encode prefix in RFC 3513 format
>>   (i.e., ipAddress can get a mask but not <address>/<prefix_len>).
>>   Please clarify, for instance with an example. RFC 3280 one is:
>>     For example, a name
>>     constraint for "class C" subnet 10.9.8.0 is represented as the octets
>>     0A 09 08 00 FF FF FF 00, representing the CIDR notation
>>     10.9.8.0/255.255.255.0.
> 
> Ok.

This comment does not apply any more as we have changed the
certificate format.

>> PS: I can't find how to verify certified addresses, even for routers.
>> (this is not in 9.2)
> 
> Indeed this is missing!

I removed the remaining text that discussed certifying router's
addresses.

--Pekka Nikander


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Oct 15 08:11:49 2003
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Subject: Closing issue 08: Certificate details review by Pasi and Valtteri
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I have now processed the subissues in issue #08, and acted
mostly as James suggested in his message on Sep 15th.

Some specific comments:

> Issue 8a:
> "The certificate transport is relatively straight-forward, but the
> description of certificate chains could benefit from some clarifications and
> examples showing at least one valid certificate chain."
> 
> Suggested resolution:
> Since jak has been primarily been handling certificates, he will try to come
> up with an example.

So far I haven't received any examples.  James, could you produce
one today?  I need to have the example by Friday morning my time
to get it included.   If not possible, I guess we need to leave
addition of any such examples for the -01 version of the draft.

> Issue 8d:
> "o  Section 6.3 (editorial): In PKIX-speak, the correct term would probably
> be 'trust anchor', not 'trusted root'."
> 
> Suggested resolution: Jari has said in an initial followup email that he
> will make the change.

I performed a global replace for this, even renaming the Trusted Root
option as Trust Anchor option.  The document doesn't contain the word
"root" any more.

> Issue 8e:
> "o  Sections 6.3 and 6.6 (technical): Presumably, the 'trusted root' should
> contain the issuer of the first certificate in the chain But for X.509
> certs, that's a Distinguished Name, not FQDN.  So should the "trusted root"
> option contain a DER-encoded Issuer DN instead of FQDN?
> 
> Using AltSubjectName (correct spelling is subjectAltName, BTW) seems to make
> it more difficult for the router to decide which certificate to send, since
> its own certificate doesn't necessarily have the CA's dNSName (though it may
> be included in issuerAltName extension).
...
> Suggested resolution: These issues are superceded by use of
> draft-ietf-pkix-x509-as-extn.

Actually the trust anchor name issue is not superceded.  The document
now allows both FQDM and DER-encoded X.509 Name, as requested by Jon
Wood yesterday.

Unless there are any more comments, I will consider this issue
to close together with issue #20.

--Pekka Nikander


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Oct 15 08:25:02 2003
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According to my best understanding, I have now processed
all issues on the SEND protocol draft, with the exception
of issues 17 and 13.  Additionally, issues #05, #07,
#20 (+08) and the issue on trust anchor names may still
require modifications.

I really need some help with issue #13.  As it reads
now, it doesn't make any sense to me.  Maybe the subissues
have already been resolved with other changes to the
draft, maybe not.  However, I cannot tell.

The details of the issue are available at
http://www.arkko.com/publications/send/issues/issue13.txt

Pasi and/or Valtteri, could you please review the
current pre-release of the new draft, at the following
URLs, to see if you concerns still apply?

http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00-pre-Oct15.txt
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00-pre-Oct15.html
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00-pre-Oct15.xml

Issue #17, Different functions of Redirect, seems to require
some serious cycles to solve.  I don't have those cycles now.
Due to my personal scheduling reasons, I have to submit the
draft on Friday morning local time.  Hence, I am afraid that
this issue will remain open in the -00 version of the ndopts
draft, unless someone comes up with text that can be just
plugged in to the current draft snapshot.

The details of issue #17 are available at
http://www.arkko.com/publications/send/issues/issue17.txt

--Pekka Nikander


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Oct 15 13:15:02 2003
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> So far I haven't received any examples.  James, could you produce
> one today?  I need to have the example by Friday morning my time
> to get it included.   If not possible, I guess we need to leave
> addition of any such examples for the -01 version of the draft.
> 

Won't have time today. Sorry. We will need to wait for the 01 draft.

            jak

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Oct 15 13:28:18 2003
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Subject: Re: Trusted root names
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2003 10:24:13 -0700
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Pekka,

I don't have any problem with using a DN for this. From talking with some
people about it, it seems as if a DN is used for SSL as well, so this seems
to be standard practice. Also, from a simplicity standpoint, I think it
makes sense to minimize the diffs between this and the PKIX IP Address
extension, to avoid implementation and deployment complexity.

As for obtaining a key in the DNS, I recall we did discuss this in the DT,
but given the current design, I am not sure whether there is any benefit in
adding an additional field to the certificate for that purpose if it
requires the network operator to modify how they would utilize the standard
PKIX router certs. The assumed use case here is that the host has the cert
chain for the trusted root preloaded rather than opportunistically being
able to get the key from the DNS. I think this use case is likely for the
near future.

So, I'd suggest that rather than having both the DN and FQDN be required to
implement, the former be required and the latter be optional. This would
simplify the most likely current deployment base design. When SEND goes from
PS to DS, the design can be re-examined based on deployment experience.

How does that sound?

            jak

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
To: "Jonathan Wood" <jonwood@speakeasy.net>
Cc: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Sent: Tuesday, October 14, 2003 11:35 PM
Subject: Re: Trusted root names


> Jonathan Wood wrote:
> > I'm not sure that using a FQDN (i.e. hostname) to represent
> > a trusted root is a good thing, since intermediate and root
> > authorities might not be hosts. Also, if we want to use FQDNs
> > in SEND in this fasion, won't we need to also mandate a
> > certificate profile that requires the inclusion of DNS alt subj
> > names in each cert?
> >
> > I would rather that we stuck with using the basic subject field
> > in a cert. If we do, we would need some changes in the trusted
> > root option: the name should probably be DER-encoded X501
> > Name type (which is how it is encoded in a cert), and we
> > would not need the pad length any more, since the DER-encoding
> > would give us that information. Section 6.6 would also need
> > to change references to subjectAltName.
> >
> > Comments?
>
> We discussed this issue at the DT for some length, but I don't
> remember any more all of the details.  In any case, I would
> have liked to use a hash of the root public key to represent
> the root, but that was not considered as a good choice since
> it would be fairly hard to use such a hash as a search key.
>
> I think it was mostly James who prefererred the FQDN, and
> if I remember right, the main reason was the ease of using
> it as a search key.  That is, if we use the FQDN to represent
> the root, we can use either LDAP or DNS to store the keys
> and to retrieve them.
>
> Anyway, for me it is OK to define a new type of the name
> field, as an alternativity to the FQDN, both being equally
> acceptable (and both being mandatory to implement).
> Here is the suggestion:
>
>      When the Name Type field is set to 2, the Name field
>      contains a DER encoded X.501 certificate Name, represented
>      and encoded exactly as in the matching X.509v3 root
>      certificate.
>
> What comes to Section 6.6, you are right.  It needs to be
> revised so that the FQDN is not really mentioned, but the
> text should be more generic.  Here is my suggestion,
> presuming that we define a DER encoded subject format.
>
> Old text:
>
>    In a solicited-for advertisement, the router SHOULD include
>    suitable Certificate options so that a delegation chain to the
>    solicited root can be established.  The root is identified by
>    the FQDN from the Trusted Root option being equal to an FQDN
>    in the subjectAltName field of the root's certificate. The
>    router SHOULD include the Trusted Root option(s) in the
>    advertisement for which the delegation chain was found.
>
> New text:
>
>    In a solicited-for advertisement, the router SHOULD include
>    suitable Certificate options so that a delegation chain to the
>    solicited root can be established.  The root is identified by
>    the Trusted Root option.  If the Trusted Root option is
>    represented as an FQDN, the FQDN must be equal to an FQDN in
>    the subjectAltName field of the root's certificate.  If the
>    Trusted Root option is represented as a DER Encoded X.501
>    Name, then the Name must be equal to the Subject field in the
>    root's certificate.  The router SHOULD include the Trusted
>    Root option(s) in the advertisement for which the delegation
>    chain was found.
>
> Ok?
>
> --Pekka Nikander
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Oct 15 14:43:26 2003
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Subject: Re: Trusted root names
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On Tuesday, October 14, 2003, at 11:35 PM, Pekka Nikander wrote:

>

<...>

> New text:
>
>   In a solicited-for advertisement, the router SHOULD include
>   suitable Certificate options so that a delegation chain to the
>   solicited root can be established.  The root is identified by
>   the Trusted Root option.  If the Trusted Root option is
>   represented as an FQDN, the FQDN must be equal to an FQDN in
>   the subjectAltName field of the root's certificate.  If the
>   Trusted Root option is represented as a DER Encoded X.501
>   Name, then the Name must be equal to the Subject field in the
>   root's certificate.  The router SHOULD include the Trusted
>   Root option(s) in the advertisement for which the delegation
>   chain was found.
>
> Ok?
>

This is better. However I'm now concerned that this may cause
interop issues, in that unless the rest of the PKI infrastructure
is set up to handle each case, nodes may not be able to find
delegation chains. For example, if a node sends a DCS with
a DNS name trust anchor option, and either the PKI supports
only lookups by DNs or the trust anchor certificate doesn't have
a DNS alt name extension, then no routers will be able to
provide a DC for the requested trust anchor (even though one
might exist if indexed by the DN).

I guess my discomfort with the DNS alt name stems primarily
from my concern that DNS alt names may not always be there in
certs and lookup tables, whereas I feel it more likely that DNs will
be there. However, I am no PKI expert, so I will happily yield
to a counter argument based on more solid information :)

Jonathan

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Oct 15 14:56:12 2003
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Looks good.

On Tuesday, October 14, 2003, at 11:56 PM, Pekka Nikander wrote:

> Jonathan Wood wrote:
>>>    If a message has both Nonce and a Timestamp options, the Nonce 
>>> option
>>>    MUST precede the Timestamp option in order.
>> Why require ordering? (Also note that RFC 2461 section 9 says
>> "Options in Neighbor Discovery packets can appear in any order;
>> receivers MUST be prepared to process them independantly of
>> their order")
>
> Well, having the Nonce before the Timestamp would make processing
> at the receiving end easier.  But if RFC 2461 says otherwise
> (I was unaware of the clause), then apparently we shouldn't
> mandate.  I changed the text to read as follows:
>
>   If a message has both Nonce and Timestamp options, the
>   Nonce option SHOULD precede the Timestamp option in order.
>   The receiver MUST be prepared to receive them in any order,
>   as per RFC 2461 Section 9.
>
> Better?
>
>>> 5.4.4 Processing rules for receivers
>>>
> ...
>>>
>>>    When there is a very large number of hosts on the same link, or 
>>> when
>>>    a cache filling attack is in progress, it is possible that the 
>>> cache
> ....
>> [Editorial]
>> This paragraph jumps right into a cache discussion with no context;
>> It may be clearer to start with something like "A implementation may 
>> utilize
>> some mechanism such as a timestamp cache to strengthen resistance to
>> replay attacks."
>
> Thanks, I added your suggested sentence (with s/^A/An/)
>
> --Pekka
>
>

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Oct 15 19:11:36 2003
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Subject: Re: Trusted root names
Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2003 16:04:36 -0700
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Hi Jon,

>
> > New text:
> >
> >   In a solicited-for advertisement, the router SHOULD include
> >   suitable Certificate options so that a delegation chain to the
> >   solicited root can be established.  The root is identified by
> >   the Trusted Root option.  If the Trusted Root option is
> >   represented as an FQDN, the FQDN must be equal to an FQDN in
> >   the subjectAltName field of the root's certificate.  If the
> >   Trusted Root option is represented as a DER Encoded X.501
> >   Name, then the Name must be equal to the Subject field in the
> >   root's certificate.  The router SHOULD include the Trusted
> >   Root option(s) in the advertisement for which the delegation
> >   chain was found.
> >
> > Ok?
> >
>
> This is better. However I'm now concerned that this may cause
> interop issues, in that unless the rest of the PKI infrastructure
> is set up to handle each case, nodes may not be able to find
> delegation chains. For example, if a node sends a DCS with
> a DNS name trust anchor option, and either the PKI supports
> only lookups by DNs or the trust anchor certificate doesn't have
> a DNS alt name extension, then no routers will be able to
> provide a DC for the requested trust anchor (even though one
> might exist if indexed by the DN).
>
> I guess my discomfort with the DNS alt name stems primarily
> from my concern that DNS alt names may not always be there in
> certs and lookup tables, whereas I feel it more likely that DNs will
> be there. However, I am no PKI expert, so I will happily yield
> to a counter argument based on more solid information :)
>

Well, I suppose I agree on this. Even having the DNS alt name in as an
option has the potential to lead to additional implementation and deployment
complexity. Keeping SEND simple is more likely to cause people to want to
implement it (a viewpoint from Randy Bush that I am beginning to
appreciate).

Perhaps the best course, for now, would be to simply require the DN and
leave any mention of the DNS alt name out. If DNS keys become widely
deployed, the spec can be revised at that time to include it as an
alternative.

            jak

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Subject: DCS and DCA semantics
From: Jonathan Wood <jonwood@speakeasy.net>
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Sections 6.6 and 6.7 discuss how DCS and DCA should be sent
and processed. Much of this is based on RD semantics from RFC
2461. However, DCS and DCA semantics are different from RD,
so in many cases I don't think this is appropriate.

Specifically:

Section 6.7 says

    When an interface becomes enabled, a host may be unwilling to wait
    for the next unsolicited Delegation Chain Advertisement.  To obtain
    such advertisements quickly, a host MAY transmit up to
    MAX_RTR_SOLICITATIONS Delegation Chain Solicitation messages, each
    separated by at least RTR_SOLICITATION_INTERVAL seconds.  Delegation
    Chain Solicitations MAY be sent after any of the following events:
    o  The interface is initialized at system startup time.
    o  The interface is reinitialized after a temporary interface failure
       or after being temporarily disabled by system management.
    o  The system changes from being a router to being a host, by having
       its IP forwarding capability turned off by system management.
    o  The host attaches to a link for the first time.
    o  A movement has been indicated by lower layers or has been inferred
       from changed information in a Router Advertisement.
    o  The host re-attaches to a link after being detached for some time.
    o  A Router Advertisement has been received with a public key that is
       not stored in the hosts' cache of certificates, or there is no
       authorization delegation chain to the host's trust anchor.

All these will happen naturally as a consequence of a RS/RA exchange,
if the host cannot form a delegation chain for the RA. So I think the 
text
quoted above could be replaced with just the last item:

    o  A Router Advertisement has been received with a public key that is
       not stored in the hosts' cache of certificates, or there is no
       authorization delegation chain to the host's trust anchor.

The following should also be changed:

    Delegation Chain Solicitations SHOULD be rate limited and timed
    similarly with Router Solicitations, as specified in RFC 2461 [6].

to perhaps just some text about rate limiting (if even that is 
necessary...)

Section 6.6 says

    Routers MAY send unsolicited Delegation Chain Advertisements for
    their configured trust anchor(s).  When such advertisements are sent,
    their timing MUST follow the rules given for Router Advertisements in
    RFC 2461 [6].

Periodic, unsolicited DCAs, however, do not serve the same purpose as
unsolicited RAs. Usually hosts that care about the certificates in a 
DCA will
have already retrieved them as a consequence of receiving an RA, or
they won't care about them at all. The only case I can think of where 
unsolicited
DCAs could be useful is if they contain proxied certificates for 
routers on
other links (in which case hosts would not be able to discovery them by
receiving RAs). So if I'm not missing something, I propose that the 
wording
be changed to make this explicit, i.e.

   Routers MAY send unsolicited Delegation Chain Advertisements for other
   routers that hosts may encounter on other links. Routers should not
   otherwise send unsolicited Delegation Chain Advertisements.

I'm not sure I agree with the timing rules either - some randomization
as per RFC 2461 is probably a good thing, but we don't need to
inherit the complexity involved with sending adverts more frequently
on startup.

Regarding DCA rate limiting, RFC 2461 only mandates rate limiting
for RAs sent to the all-nodes multicast group. DCAs (as currently
specified) are only sent to all-nodes if unsolicited (in which case rate
limiting is moot) or the DCS has an unspecified address (which is
probably not common). So the rate-limiting rule mostly misses the
mark.

In fact, one scenario where it would be useful is when a router first
comes up. It will multicast an RA, which will likely cause all hosts
to send DCSs, which will in turn cause the router to multicast (to the
solicited-node MC address) a storm of DCAs. Since the rate limiting
only covers all-nodes MC, it will not prevent this (and if it did, many
nodes would not be able to process the RA). To handle this sort of
situation, I propose all multicast DCAs be rate limited and monitored.
If a router finds that it is responding to a DCS too soon after one has
just been sent, it should set the DCA's ID to 0 and multicast it to the
all-nodes group. This should ensure both that the network is not
flooded with DCAs and that all nodes receive the DCA.

Jonathan
  

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Oct 16 03:57:49 2003
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From: JINMEI Tatuya / =?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCP0BMQEMjOkgbKEI=?= <jinmei@isl.rdc.toshiba.co.jp>
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Subject: RFC2462 update
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Hello,

(Sorry for the cross-posting.  This is because many people who are not
in the ipv6 list may want to join the discussion.  I'll restrict my
further posting to the ipv6 list in order to avoid unnecessary noise.)

As asked by the IPv6 wg co-chairs, I'm going to update the "IPv6
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration" document (which is currently
RFC2462) as a new I-D.

Since we'll soon miss the cut-off date for an initial I-D, my current
plan is to make a list of issues raised so far (that include the very
recent discussion in the ipv6 list) and submit a 00 draft containing
the list.

I'll send an initial proposal of the issue list to the ipv6 list in a
day or so, get quick comments on the issue list, and then edit and
submit the draft.

					JINMEI, Tatuya
					Communication Platform Lab.
					Corporate R&D Center, Toshiba Corp.
					jinmei@isl.rdc.toshiba.co.jp
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Oct 16 08:50:08 2003
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From: Soliman Hesham <H.Soliman@flarion.com>
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Subject: RFC2461 update
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Folks, 

Sorry for the cross posting. This is a heads up to let you 
know that I'm updating the Neighbour Discovery specification, RFC 2461
as requested by the IPv6 WG chairs. 

The updates are likely to include issues raised in the WGs copied 
on this email. If you're interested in following this discussion please 
monitor the IPv6 mailing list. Like Jinmeii, I'll be sending a list of 
issues that were raised and would appreciate your feedback. 

The list of issues will come towards the beginning of next week. 
I'm currently going through the archives. 

Hesham
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Oct 16 13:03:41 2003
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To: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>
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On Wed, 15 Oct 2003 12:42:00 +0300, "Pekka Nikander"
<pekka.nikander@ericsson.com> said:
> The problem is that the psreq draft has already passed the IESG review,
> I have already resolved the minor issues that they had, and now the
> draft is waiting for their acceptanse on the resolutions.  In other
> words, the draft is fairly long on its way to become an RFC.

I hadn't picked up the document with the intention of reviewing it. But,
I had time, and I also had many suggestions so I mailed them. That's it.
:-) I wasn't even a WG member then.

Hopefully, I'll be wiser next time around, and check the document status.
I do understand that some of the comments cannot be incorporated.

Btw, is there any link that shows the document status? The main IETF page
only points to documents in last call.

> Based on the that status, and the fact that the draft does not specify
> a protocol but is only informational, we are inclided to reject your
> editorial suggestion #5 as a too large one. While it might be good, its
> doesn't warrant the required new   review.

I was keen on this one. Anyways.....

> Going to the technical comments:
>
> >  1. Threats for a L2-switch, and ND-proxies. L2-switches, and ND-
> >     proxies build their neighbor cache by snooping the source IPv6
> >     address, and the corresponding link-layer address. It is possible
> >     to send fake NS/NA/RA/RD/redirect/Data (any packet which is used
> >     to build the neighbor cache), and do a redirect/DOS attack.
> >
> >     I think section 4 should list a threat concerning such devices.
>
> While your intention is good, I think that any such work should be left
> for future.  There has been some discussion about these kinds of use
> scenarios before.  However, only maybe a couple of people have shown
> real interest on working on those problems, and so far we have seen no
> real, concrete input.

I am surprised that there is not much input on the subject as I perceive
that L2-switches, and similar devices can be exploited rather easily.

> >  3. Section 4.2.1.
> >        a. What is the "entering node"?
>
> Well, a node attempting to discover a router is most probably a new
> node entering to the link.  I readily admit that the text is not
> very clear.  If you could propose how to revise the text, that would
> be great.

Maybe you can substitute entering node by "a node attempting to discover
a router". It will cover all nodes irrespective of whether they have
entered the network, or are already on the network, and are attempting to
discover routers for no matter what reason.

> >        b. I might be a bit confused - isn=92t the section referring t=
o
> >           the first-hop router? Can you also give the reference
> >           number to a section number in RFC2461 talks of this threat?
>
> The text has been inherited a few times.  I would need to read RFC2461
> carefully in order to find out which section it is.  But, yes, it would
> be good to add a reference to the specific section.
>
> Does anybody else remember right away?

More than the section number, I am concerned about the terminology. I
think the text should refer to the router as a first hop router, and not
as a last hop router.

>
> >        c. The 3rd paragraph talks of RFC 2461, and 2462. Is there a
> >           conflict between these two documents? I am not able to
> >           understand why the default router selection procedure in
> >           section 6.3.6 needs a rule that concerns with the lifetime
> >           of the router.
>
> I am not really an expert on the differences between 2461 and 2462.
> Could somebody else provide an answer?  If good enough, I can add it to
> the draft (if the IESG approves, of course).

You can probably read section 5.5.3 of rfc2462, and 6.3.6 of rfc2461, and
make the judgement. I think this paragraph is misleading, and should be
rephrased. (Sorry, it's late in the night for me to suggest anything
sensible. ;-))

> A pre-release of the updated draft, with the resolutions to the IESG
> issues and your concerns, is available at
>
> http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-psreq-04-pre-Oct15.txt
> http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-psreq-04-pre-Oct15.html
> http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-psreq-04-pre-Oct15.xml
>
> The changes are highlighted in
>
> http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-psreq-04-pre-Oct15-
> diff.html http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-psreq-04-pre-=
Oct15-
> chbar.txt

Thanks. I am curious - what software do you use to get the changebars?

regards, CP

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Cc: Jonathan Wood <jonwood@speakeasy.net>,
        SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: Trusted root names
References: <EF737C1E-FF3E-11D7-8D5E-0003930D291E@speakeasy.net> <037e01c39370$b5df0ce0$956015ac@dclkempt40>
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>>> In a solicited-for advertisement, the router SHOULD include 
>>> suitable Certificate options so that a delegation chain to the 
>>> solicited root can be established.  The root is identified by the
>>> Trusted Root option.  If the Trusted Root option is represented
>>> as an FQDN, the FQDN must be equal to an FQDN in the
>>> subjectAltName field of the root's certificate.  If the Trusted
>>> Root option is represented as a DER Encoded X.501 Name, then the
>>> Name must be equal to the Subject field in the root's
>>> certificate.  The router SHOULD include the Trusted Root
>>> option(s) in the advertisement for which the delegation chain was
>>> found.
>> 
>> This is better. However I'm now concerned that this may cause 
>> interop issues, ...
>> 
>> I guess my discomfort with the DNS alt name stems primarily from my
>> concern that DNS alt names may not always be there in certs and
>> lookup tables, whereas I feel it more likely that DNs will be
>> there. ...
> 
> Well, I suppose I agree on this. Even having the DNS alt name in as
> an option has the potential to lead to additional implementation and
> deployment complexity.  Keeping SEND simple is more likely to cause
> people to want to implement it (a viewpoint from Randy Bush that I am
> beginning to appreciate).

Having the FQDN there as an OPTIONAL feature doesn't add much
implementation complexity.  The deployment complexity may be
a real issue, though.

> Perhaps the best course, for now, would be to simply require the DN
> and leave any mention of the DNS alt name out. If DNS keys become
> widely deployed, the spec can be revised at that time to include it
> as an alternative.

Well, for the current version of the draft, I did the following:

  - reordered the names so that DER Encoded X.501 Name is number 1
    and FQDN is number 2

  - made FQDN support OPTIONAL

  - added a requirement that a each Delegation Chain Solitiation
    MUST have at the first (or only) Trust Anchor option a DER
    Encoded X.501 Name.

I think that this is more future proof, taking even care of
the situation where people are using new types of Trust Anchors.

What do you think?

--Pekka


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Oct 16 14:21:05 2003
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Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2003 09:59:42 +0200
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
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To: Jonathan Wood <jonwood@speakeasy.net>
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        Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
Subject: Re: DCS and DCA semantics
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Jon,

Unfortunately I don't have time to think about or
incorprate these changes now.  Hence, we have to
wait for -01 with this.

Jari,

Could you create a new trackable issue on this?

--Pekka

> Sections 6.6 and 6.7 discuss how DCS and DCA should be sent
> and processed. Much of this is based on RD semantics from RFC
> 2461. However, DCS and DCA semantics are different from RD,
> so in many cases I don't think this is appropriate.
> 
> Specifically:
> 
> Section 6.7 says
> 
>    When an interface becomes enabled, a host may be unwilling to wait
>    for the next unsolicited Delegation Chain Advertisement.  To obtain
>    such advertisements quickly, a host MAY transmit up to
>    MAX_RTR_SOLICITATIONS Delegation Chain Solicitation messages, each
>    separated by at least RTR_SOLICITATION_INTERVAL seconds.  Delegation
>    Chain Solicitations MAY be sent after any of the following events:
>    o  The interface is initialized at system startup time.
>    o  The interface is reinitialized after a temporary interface failure
>       or after being temporarily disabled by system management.
>    o  The system changes from being a router to being a host, by having
>       its IP forwarding capability turned off by system management.
>    o  The host attaches to a link for the first time.
>    o  A movement has been indicated by lower layers or has been inferred
>       from changed information in a Router Advertisement.
>    o  The host re-attaches to a link after being detached for some time.
>    o  A Router Advertisement has been received with a public key that is
>       not stored in the hosts' cache of certificates, or there is no
>       authorization delegation chain to the host's trust anchor.
> 
> All these will happen naturally as a consequence of a RS/RA exchange,
> if the host cannot form a delegation chain for the RA. So I think the text
> quoted above could be replaced with just the last item:
> 
>    o  A Router Advertisement has been received with a public key that is
>       not stored in the hosts' cache of certificates, or there is no
>       authorization delegation chain to the host's trust anchor.
> 
> The following should also be changed:
> 
>    Delegation Chain Solicitations SHOULD be rate limited and timed
>    similarly with Router Solicitations, as specified in RFC 2461 [6].
> 
> to perhaps just some text about rate limiting (if even that is 
> necessary...)
> 
> Section 6.6 says
> 
>    Routers MAY send unsolicited Delegation Chain Advertisements for
>    their configured trust anchor(s).  When such advertisements are sent,
>    their timing MUST follow the rules given for Router Advertisements in
>    RFC 2461 [6].
> 
> Periodic, unsolicited DCAs, however, do not serve the same purpose as
> unsolicited RAs. Usually hosts that care about the certificates in a DCA 
> will
> have already retrieved them as a consequence of receiving an RA, or
> they won't care about them at all. The only case I can think of where 
> unsolicited
> DCAs could be useful is if they contain proxied certificates for routers on
> other links (in which case hosts would not be able to discovery them by
> receiving RAs). So if I'm not missing something, I propose that the wording
> be changed to make this explicit, i.e.
> 
>   Routers MAY send unsolicited Delegation Chain Advertisements for other
>   routers that hosts may encounter on other links. Routers should not
>   otherwise send unsolicited Delegation Chain Advertisements.
> 
> I'm not sure I agree with the timing rules either - some randomization
> as per RFC 2461 is probably a good thing, but we don't need to
> inherit the complexity involved with sending adverts more frequently
> on startup.
> 
> Regarding DCA rate limiting, RFC 2461 only mandates rate limiting
> for RAs sent to the all-nodes multicast group. DCAs (as currently
> specified) are only sent to all-nodes if unsolicited (in which case rate
> limiting is moot) or the DCS has an unspecified address (which is
> probably not common). So the rate-limiting rule mostly misses the
> mark.
> 
> In fact, one scenario where it would be useful is when a router first
> comes up. It will multicast an RA, which will likely cause all hosts
> to send DCSs, which will in turn cause the router to multicast (to the
> solicited-node MC address) a storm of DCAs. Since the rate limiting
> only covers all-nodes MC, it will not prevent this (and if it did, many
> nodes would not be able to process the RA). To handle this sort of
> situation, I propose all multicast DCAs be rate limited and monitored.
> If a router finds that it is responding to a DCS too soon after one has
> just been sent, it should set the DCA's ID to 0 and multicast it to the
> all-nodes group. This should ensure both that the network is not
> flooded with DCAs and that all nodes receive the DCA.
> 
> Jonathan
>  
> 
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Oct 16 14:53:01 2003
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Subject: Re: Trusted root names
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On Thursday, October 16, 2003, at 12:54 AM, Pekka Nikander wrote:

>
> Well, for the current version of the draft, I did the following:
>
>  - reordered the names so that DER Encoded X.501 Name is number 1
>    and FQDN is number 2
>
>  - made FQDN support OPTIONAL
>
>  - added a requirement that a each Delegation Chain Solitiation
>    MUST have at the first (or only) Trust Anchor option a DER
>    Encoded X.501 Name.
>
> I think that this is more future proof, taking even care of
> the situation where people are using new types of Trust Anchors.
>
> What do you think?
>

I am happy with this.

Jonathan

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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        "Jonathan Wood" <jonwood@speakeasy.net>
Cc: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
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Subject: Re: Trusted root names
Date: Thu, 16 Oct 2003 11:52:48 -0700
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Fine by me as well.

            jak

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Jonathan Wood" <jonwood@speakeasy.net>
To: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Cc: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; "SEND WG"
<ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Sent: Thursday, October 16, 2003 11:48 AM
Subject: Re: Trusted root names


>
> On Thursday, October 16, 2003, at 12:54 AM, Pekka Nikander wrote:
>
> >
> > Well, for the current version of the draft, I did the following:
> >
> >  - reordered the names so that DER Encoded X.501 Name is number 1
> >    and FQDN is number 2
> >
> >  - made FQDN support OPTIONAL
> >
> >  - added a requirement that a each Delegation Chain Solitiation
> >    MUST have at the first (or only) Trust Anchor option a DER
> >    Encoded X.501 Name.
> >
> > I think that this is more future proof, taking even care of
> > the situation where people are using new types of Trust Anchors.
> >
> > What do you think?
> >
>
> I am happy with this.
>
> Jonathan
>
>

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Oct 17 02:04:29 2003
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Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2003 08:59:46 +0300
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I haven't received any comments on my detailed
proposals on how to edit in issues #20 and #16:

http://standards.ericsson.net/lists/ietf-send/msg00685.html
http://standards.ericsson.net/lists/ietf-send/msg00671.html

Therefore I think that we can close them.  If I am wrong,
we can reopen both or either of them after -00 is out.

--Pekka Nikander


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Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2003 09:00:03 +0300
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
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If I have done the tracking correctly, the current situation
is as follows:

- Issue 17 on Redirect is Open, since I didn't have cycles.
- Issue 13 on some Clarifications is Proposed, since I couldn't
   figure out how to edit it in.
- We have a new issue #27 on DCS and DCA semantics.  This needs
   to be added to the web page.

My understanding is that Jari will take the editing baton back
once I've got the -00 out; that will happen shortly.  I haven't
been able to talk to Jari about this, though.

--Pekka Nikander

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Oct 17 02:19:00 2003
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Date: Fri, 17 Oct 2003 09:14:15 +0300
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>
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I have now submitted draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00.txt to
the repositories.  In the meanwhile, it is available
at the following URLs.

http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00.txt
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00.html
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00.xml

--Pekka Nikander


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Oct 17 11:40:50 2003
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        "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
References: <3F8F8563.7080306@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: draft-ndopt issue status and editing responsibility
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Pekka,

Thanx for your hard work on this. 

            jak

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
To: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Sent: Thursday, October 16, 2003 11:00 PM
Subject: draft-ndopt issue status and editing responsibility


> If I have done the tracking correctly, the current situation
> is as follows:
> 
> - Issue 17 on Redirect is Open, since I didn't have cycles.
> - Issue 13 on some Clarifications is Proposed, since I couldn't
>    figure out how to edit it in.
> - We have a new issue #27 on DCS and DCA semantics.  This needs
>    to be added to the web page.
> 
> My understanding is that Jari will take the editing baton back
> once I've got the -00 out; that will happen shortly.  I haven't
> been able to talk to Jari about this, though.
> 
> --Pekka Nikander
> 
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> body to <ietf-send-request@standards.ericsson.net>.
> Archive: http://standards.ericsson.net/lists/ietf-send/maillist.html
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Oct 20 04:47:10 2003
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From: "Tuomas Aura" <tuomaura@microsoft.com>
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I have submitted a new version of draft-ietf-send-cga-02
with only very minor modifications to the previous version.
It is immediately available at:
 
http://research.microsoft.com/users/tuomaura/CGA/draft-ietf-send-cga-02.
txt

The issues list is at:
  http://research.microsoft.com/users/tuomaura/CGA/CGAIssues.aspx

Tuomas 


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Oct 21 05:41:32 2003
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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
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Subject: Last Call on draft-ietf-send-cga-02.txt
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Folks,

Pekka and I want to issue a Last Call on draft-ietf-send-cga-02.txt (the CGA
draft), expiring on Nov. 7. We are making the Last Call extra long because
people are busy right now with pre-IETF preparations. We will be discussing
Last Call comments at the meeting in Minneapolis. Please pay careful
attention to any omissions/incompatibilities/need for correction between
this draft and draft-ietf-send-ndopts-00.txt, as we will be taking that
draft to Last Call right after the meeting.

            jak

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Oct 21 05:43:51 2003
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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
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Subject: Please read and comment on draft-ietf-send-ndopts-00.txt
Date: Tue, 21 Oct 2003 02:40:30 -0700
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Folks,

Pekka and I have decided not to issue Last Call on
draft-ietf-send-ndopts-00.txt at this time, since there is missing text and
a few additional unresolved issues that need to be put into place first. The
plan is to generate a version 01 as soon as the gate opens after the
Minneapolis meeting, and the remaining work is done. We will be discussing
the unresolved issues in Minneapolis.

However, we would like to encourage people to *please* read the draft and
look for any additional issues, expecially w.r.t. the CGA draft, since we
would like to send that to the IESG right after Minneapolis. We will discuss
any issues raised but not resolved on the list in Minneapolis.

For reference, the SEND issues list is at:

http://www.piuha.net/~jarkko/publications/send/issues/

Thanx.

            jak

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Chirayu,

Sorry for the delay in answering (again), but I have
been busy trying to get drafts out.

> Btw, is there any link that shows the document status? The main IETF pa=
ge
> only points to documents in last call.

Go to the IETF web page -> WG Chairs -> ID tracker.  There you can
look up the status of WG IDs.

>>>       b. I might be a bit confused - isn=92t the section referring to
>>>          the first-hop router? Can you also give the reference
>>>          number to a section number in RFC2461 talks of this threat?
>>
> More than the section number, I am concerned about the terminology. I
> think the text should refer to the router as a first hop router, and no=
t
> as a last hop router.

Valid point.  I will fix this if there is yet another round of the=20
draft.  (Made the change to the internal 05-pre version, which may
be or may not be ever used.)

> Thanks. I am curious - what software do you use to get the changebars?

Some hack called chbars.sh.  I have seen better ones, should try to
locate one.

--Pekka Nikander


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sat Oct 25 04:13:08 2003
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SEND (Securing IPv6 Neighbor Discovery) Draft Agenda
----------------------------------------------------

TUESDAY, November 11, 2003
1300-1400 Afternoon Sessions I

Chairs:  James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
          Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclabs.com>

Agenda:

   10 min  Preliminaries                     Chairs
           - Agenda bashing
           - Action points followup
           - Significant changes after Vienna

   15 min  Implementation report             Jonathan Wood

   10 min  CGA last call issues              Pekka Nikander on
           I-D: draft-ietf-send-cga-02.txt   behalf of Tuomas Aura

   10 min  NDOPTs Open issues                Jari Arkko
           I-D: draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00.txt

    5 min  Next steps                        Chairs and ADs



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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sat Oct 25 05:42:00 2003
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        "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
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Subject: Re: Draft Agenda for SEND WG meeting at 58th IETF in Minneapolis
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Oops, sorry. If Jon doesn't come, I will present the report.

            jak

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>
To: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Cc: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; "Jari Arkko"
<jari.arkko@piuha.net>; "Tuomas Aura" <tuomaura@microsoft.com>; "Jonathan
Wood" <jonwood@speakeasy.net>
Sent: Saturday, October 25, 2003 1:07 AM
Subject: Draft Agenda for SEND WG meeting at 58th IETF in Minneapolis


> SEND (Securing IPv6 Neighbor Discovery) Draft Agenda
> ----------------------------------------------------
>
> TUESDAY, November 11, 2003
> 1300-1400 Afternoon Sessions I
>
> Chairs:  James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
>           Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclabs.com>
>
> Agenda:
>
>    10 min  Preliminaries                     Chairs
>            - Agenda bashing
>            - Action points followup
>            - Significant changes after Vienna
>
>    15 min  Implementation report             Jonathan Wood
>
>    10 min  CGA last call issues              Pekka Nikander on
>            I-D: draft-ietf-send-cga-02.txt   behalf of Tuomas Aura
>
>    10 min  NDOPTs Open issues                Jari Arkko
>            I-D: draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00.txt
>
>     5 min  Next steps                        Chairs and ADs
>
>
>
>

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sat Oct 25 05:42:13 2003
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Subject: Re: Draft Agenda for SEND WG meeting at 58th IETF in Minneapolis
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Looks fine. Though, I wonder if we can get DoCoMo to spring for Jon's
airfare/lodging to Minneapolis...

            jak

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>
To: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Cc: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>; "Jari Arkko"
<jari.arkko@piuha.net>; "Tuomas Aura" <tuomaura@microsoft.com>; "Jonathan
Wood" <jonwood@speakeasy.net>
Sent: Saturday, October 25, 2003 1:07 AM
Subject: Draft Agenda for SEND WG meeting at 58th IETF in Minneapolis


> SEND (Securing IPv6 Neighbor Discovery) Draft Agenda
> ----------------------------------------------------
>
> TUESDAY, November 11, 2003
> 1300-1400 Afternoon Sessions I
>
> Chairs:  James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
>           Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclabs.com>
>
> Agenda:
>
>    10 min  Preliminaries                     Chairs
>            - Agenda bashing
>            - Action points followup
>            - Significant changes after Vienna
>
>    15 min  Implementation report             Jonathan Wood
>
>    10 min  CGA last call issues              Pekka Nikander on
>            I-D: draft-ietf-send-cga-02.txt   behalf of Tuomas Aura
>
>    10 min  NDOPTs Open issues                Jari Arkko
>            I-D: draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00.txt
>
>     5 min  Next steps                        Chairs and ADs
>
>
>
>

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Oct 30 13:24:38 2003
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CC: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: DCS and DCA semantics
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Jonathan Wood wrote:
> 
> Sections 6.6 and 6.7 discuss how DCS and DCA should be sent
> and processed. Much of this is based on RD semantics from RFC
> 2461. However, DCS and DCA semantics are different from RD,
> so in many cases I don't think this is appropriate.

Ok, reading on...

> Specifically:
> 
> Section 6.7 says
> 
>    When an interface becomes enabled, a host may be unwilling to wait
>    for the next unsolicited Delegation Chain Advertisement.  To obtain
>    such advertisements quickly, a host MAY transmit up to
>    MAX_RTR_SOLICITATIONS Delegation Chain Solicitation messages, each
>    separated by at least RTR_SOLICITATION_INTERVAL seconds.  Delegation
>    Chain Solicitations MAY be sent after any of the following events:
>    o  The interface is initialized at system startup time.
>    o  The interface is reinitialized after a temporary interface failure
>       or after being temporarily disabled by system management.
>    o  The system changes from being a router to being a host, by having
>       its IP forwarding capability turned off by system management.
>    o  The host attaches to a link for the first time.
>    o  A movement has been indicated by lower layers or has been inferred
>       from changed information in a Router Advertisement.
>    o  The host re-attaches to a link after being detached for some time.
>    o  A Router Advertisement has been received with a public key that is
>       not stored in the hosts' cache of certificates, or there is no
>       authorization delegation chain to the host's trust anchor.
> 
> All these will happen naturally as a consequence of a RS/RA exchange,
> if the host cannot form a delegation chain for the RA. So I think the text
> quoted above could be replaced with just the last item:
> 
>    o  A Router Advertisement has been received with a public key that is
>       not stored in the hosts' cache of certificates, or there is no
>       authorization delegation chain to the host's trust anchor.

Hmm... this sounds very good actually. It even covers the case when the
router's key is re-configured but everything else stays the same.

Just one check: you are replacing just the items, and keeping the
rate limiting? I think we need that. Perhaps this could be the final
text:

The host has a need to retrieve a delegation chain when a
Router Advertisement has been received with a public key that is
not stored in the hosts' cache of certificates, or there is no
authorization delegation chain to the host's trust anchor. In these
situations, the host MAY transmit up to MAX_DCS_MESSAGES
Delegation Chain Solicitation messages, each separated by at least
DCS_INTERVAL seconds.

(And MAX_DCS_MESSAGES would be defined similarly to MAX_RTR_SOLICITATIONS,
and DCS_INTERVAL similarly for RTR_SOLICITATION_INTERVAL)

> The following should also be changed:
> 
>    Delegation Chain Solicitations SHOULD be rate limited and timed
>    similarly with Router Solicitations, as specified in RFC 2461 [6].
> 
> to perhaps just some text about rate limiting (if even that is 
> necessary...)

Ah, you thought about this too. Well, I think the host should
be able to send multiple messages if there's packet loss, but
not too often. Maybe the text that I provided above works.

> Section 6.6 says
> 
>    Routers MAY send unsolicited Delegation Chain Advertisements for
>    their configured trust anchor(s).  When such advertisements are sent,
>    their timing MUST follow the rules given for Router Advertisements in
>    RFC 2461 [6].
> 
> Periodic, unsolicited DCAs, however, do not serve the same purpose as
> unsolicited RAs. Usually hosts that care about the certificates in a DCA 
> will
> have already retrieved them as a consequence of receiving an RA, or
> they won't care about them at all. The only case I can think of where 
> unsolicited
> DCAs could be useful is if they contain proxied certificates for routers on
> other links (in which case hosts would not be able to discovery them by
> receiving RAs). So if I'm not missing something, I propose that the wording
> be changed to make this explicit, i.e.

Routers are allowed to send the DCAs to the specific node (or its solicited-node
address to be more exact). A periodic DCA to the all-nodes address might
be received by all hosts. OTOH, the routers are also allowed to the send the
solicited DCAs to the all-nodes address. This depends on what the source
of the DCS was. If there's multiple nodes coming to the link at the same
time, they probably don't have an address yet, and the DCA goes to all
then... maybe you are right and we don't need periodic DCAs.

>   Routers MAY send unsolicited Delegation Chain Advertisements for other
>   routers that hosts may encounter on other links. Routers should not
>   otherwise send unsolicited Delegation Chain Advertisements.

Hmm... there might be other means of receiving information from the
other links. I wonder if we need a SEND specific scheme here. Delete
periodic DCA completely?

> I'm not sure I agree with the timing rules either - some randomization
> as per RFC 2461 is probably a good thing, but we don't need to
> inherit the complexity involved with sending adverts more frequently
> on startup.
> 
> Regarding DCA rate limiting, RFC 2461 only mandates rate limiting
> for RAs sent to the all-nodes multicast group. DCAs (as currently
> specified) are only sent to all-nodes if unsolicited (in which case rate
> limiting is moot) or the DCS has an unspecified address (which is
> probably not common). So the rate-limiting rule mostly misses the
> mark.

Ok.

> In fact, one scenario where it would be useful is when a router first
> comes up. It will multicast an RA, which will likely cause all hosts
> to send DCSs, which will in turn cause the router to multicast (to the
> solicited-node MC address) a storm of DCAs. Since the rate limiting
> only covers all-nodes MC, it will not prevent this (and if it did, many
> nodes would not be able to process the RA). To handle this sort of
> situation, I propose all multicast DCAs be rate limited and monitored.
> If a router finds that it is responding to a DCS too soon after one has
> just been sent, it should set the DCA's ID to 0 and multicast it to the
> all-nodes group. This should ensure both that the network is not
> flooded with DCAs and that all nodes receive the DCA.

Sounds good. Essentially, we'd be allowing the router to respond to
the all-nodes address at its discretion.

--Jari


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Oct 30 13:24:43 2003
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Date: Thu, 30 Oct 2003 18:43:24 +0200
From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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To: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>
CC: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: New issue?: The scope of source address for DCS?
References: <3F8A5221.1040902@ericsson.com>
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Pekka Nikander wrote:
> Folks,
> 
> With regard to the DCS source address, the current spec says
> the following:
> 
>          An IP address assigned to the sending interface, or the
>          unspecified address if no address is assigned to the sending
>          interface.
> 
> Should we be more specific, and say that the source address SHOULD
> be the link local address?  Right now I don't see any specific
> reason, other than the old saying of being conservative when
> sending and liberal when receiving.

In issue 21 we agreed that DCA source should be link-local.
It seems logical to require the same from DCS?

--Jari




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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Oct 30 13:25:00 2003
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Date: Thu, 30 Oct 2003 20:18:08 +0200
From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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To: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
CC: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: draft-ndopt issue status and editing responsibility
References: <3F8F8563.7080306@nomadiclab.com>
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Pekka Nikander wrote:
> If I have done the tracking correctly, the current situation
> is as follows:
> 
> - Issue 17 on Redirect is Open, since I didn't have cycles.
> - Issue 13 on some Clarifications is Proposed, since I couldn't
>   figure out how to edit it in.
> - We have a new issue #27 on DCS and DCA semantics.  This needs
>   to be added to the web page.

Done. The issues web has now been updated:

    http://www.arkko.com/publications/send/issues/

> My understanding is that Jari will take the editing baton back
> once I've got the -00 out; that will happen shortly. 

Yes. I'm back at work now, and finally getting to SEND too.
Thanks for producing an excellent 00 version!

--Jari




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