
From ljakab@ac.upc.edu  Wed Jan  2 01:13:36 2013
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Date: Wed, 02 Jan 2013 11:13:10 +0200
From: Lori Jakab <ljakab@ac.upc.edu>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Comments regarding PETR's in the deployment document.
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Hi Paul,

I missed this email when it was sent, I was traveling at the time. I
just reviewed mailing list traffic now, and saw this was unanswered.
Please see inline below:

On 10/28/12 16:35, Paul Vinciguerra wrote:
>
> As I read section 4.2, I’d like to point out two issues that could
> simplify/optimize deployment :
>
> P-ETRs can be deployed by ISPs wishing to offer value-added services
>
> to their customers. As is the case with P-ITRs, P-ETRs too may
>
> introduce path stretch. Because of this the ISP needs to consider
>
> the tradeoff of using several devices, close to the customers, to
>
> minimize it, or few devices, farther away from the customers,
>
> minimizing cost instead.
>
> We see this in practice as well. Much more of the traffic path winds
> up on the EID side. (All the non-LISP prefixes are EID’s to a PeTR,
> yes?) This minimizes the amount of time that packets are encapsulated
> between RLOCS. I see a need for traffic engineering where PeTR’s could
> advertise prefixes into the mapping system (with some kind of
> no-export tag into the DDT). Our specific use would be to egress
> traffic at our peering points where we directly connect to the endpoint.
>

This is a very interesting optimization, which may reduce path strech
even with a relatively low number of deployed PxTRs. How about
configuring source based replies in the DDT, instead of the "no-export"?
This could be an easier way to accomplish the same goal, and we can keep
P-ETRs simple, without the need to send Map-Registers. The ETRs of the
site would register the P-ETR RLOCs for queries coming from P-ITRs from
peers. I like the source based approach better, because there are other
use cases already for LISP, when a source based reply may be necessary.

> If the encapsulated path were longer, the intermediary providers would
> also see empirical evidence of LISP running on their networks, as the
> packets would be UDP/4342. Once the packet passes through the PeTR,
> it’s just a regular packet again. This process should happen as close
> to the endpoints as possible. This suggests that as a best practice,
> anycast addresses should not be used for PeTR addresses, because
> anycast addresses minimize the encapsulated path.
>

I will incorporate this suggestion into the document, thanks!

>    As a security measure, access to P-ETRs should be limited to
>    legitimate users by enforcing ACLs.
>  
>  
> In practice, this is hard to do.  It is hard to do with outer header source addresses if you support DHCP based RLOCs.  
> Likewise, ACL’s on the inner header source addresses help against theft of service, but packets with IP options set can move the fixed offset of the inner header source address and make using ACL’s a challenge.
> With ACL’s, limiting legitimate users would imply matching the proper pairing of both inner and outer header source addresses at a minimum.  An alternative approach would be valuable as suggested in the interworking document.
>  
>    A Proxy-ETR should verify the (inner) source EID of the packet at
>    time of decapsulation in order to verify that this is from a
>    configured LISP site.  This is to prevent spoofed inner sources from
>    being encapsulated through the Proxy-ETR.

Ok, in that case we will remove this recommendation.

-Lori

>  
> Paul


From vimoreno@cisco.com  Wed Jan  2 08:00:42 2013
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From: "Victor Moreno (vimoreno)" <vimoreno@cisco.com>
To: Damien Saucez <damien.saucez@gmail.com>, "draft-xu-softwire-ip-in-udp@tools.ietf.org" <draft-xu-softwire-ip-in-udp@tools.ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-xu-softwire-ip-in-udp
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LISP follows the procedures and principles described in this draft
inherently.

These may actually be described in one of the LISP drafts already actually.

-v


On 12/30/12 12:45 PM, "Damien Saucez" <damien.saucez@gmail.com> wrote:

>Hello,
>
>Interesting document, have you ever though of LISP to do that?
>
>Regards,
>
>Damien Saucez
>_______________________________________________
>lisp mailing list
>lisp@ietf.org
>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


From internet-drafts@ietf.org  Thu Jan  3 16:14:47 2013
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Date: Thu, 03 Jan 2013 16:14:47 -0800
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Subject: [lisp] I-D Action: draft-ietf-lisp-mib-08.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Locator/ID Separation Protocol Working Gr=
oup of the IETF.

	Title           : LISP MIB
	Author(s)       : Gregg Schudel
                          Amit Jain
                          Victor Moreno
	Filename        : draft-ietf-lisp-mib-08.txt
	Pages           : 66
	Date            : 2013-01-03

Abstract:
   This document defines managed objects for the Locator/ID Separation
   Protocol (LISP).  These objects provide information useful for
   monitoring LISP devices, including basic configuration information,
   LISP status, and operational statistics.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-lisp-mib

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-mib-08

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-lisp-mib-08


Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


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From: Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net>
To: "lisp@ietf.org" <lisp@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: draft-ietf-lisp-architecture-00: Architectural Aspects
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Subject: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture-00: Architectural Aspects
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Hi Noel,

I have been dedicating a little time each day to a close reading of draft-i=
etf-lisp-architecture and will generate a few comments each day as the work=
 progresses. The following are comments on Section 4 (Architectural Aspects=
).

Section 4.1: Critical State
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D
This section would be more concrete if you identified the state that you co=
nsidered to be critical. We can probably agree that mapping information, as=
 it is maintained within the mapping system, is critical. However, reading =
this section, I can't tell whether you consider the map-cache, as it is mai=
ntain in an xTR, also to be critical. Could you clarify this in the text?

Also, if you consider the xTR map-cache to contain critical state, you shou=
ld probably note that staleness, as well as loss of this state can cause lo=
ss of connectivity.

A New Section Between 4.1 and 4.2: xTR State
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
You might want to add a section stating that LISP distinguishes itself from=
 other routing architectures because:

- it maintains a cached-subset of mapping information on the xTR
- the xTR pulls mapping information from the mapping system to itself (as o=
pposed to letting the mapping system push it)

With this architecture comes benefits and costs. One benefit is memory savi=
ngs on the xTR. (There may be other benefits). The cost is that the protoco=
l needs to address the problem of cache freshness without compromising perf=
ormance or security.=20

Section 4.3: Piggybacking of Control on User Data
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
- Would it be fair to say that a major motivation for piggybacking control =
information on user data is to address the problem of xTR cache freshness? =
That having this information reduces the need to expire map-cache entries m=
ore quickly than might otherwise be necessary?

- Would it be fair to say that the piggybacking of control information on u=
ser data reduces the amount of ETR probing that is required to maintain cac=
he freshness, but does not totally eliminate it.=20

- Would it be fair to say that piggybacking of control information on user =
data introduces a class of security issues, many of which are addressed in =
draft-ietf-lisp-threats?

- If any of the above statements are true, it might be helpful to add them =
to Section 4.3.


--------------------------
Ron Bonica
vcard:       www.bonica.org/ron/ronbonica.vcf




From sander@steffann.nl  Sun Jan  6 09:41:33 2013
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From: Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl>
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Subject: [lisp] Description of locator in map-reply section
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Hi,

I was reading http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-24 when I =
noticed the following text in section 6.1.4, 'Map-Reply Message Format':

   Locator:  an IPv4 or IPv6 address (as encoded by the 'Loc-AFI' field)
      assigned to an ETR.  Note that the destination RLOC address MAY be
      an anycast address.  A source RLOC can be an anycast address as
      well.  The source or destination RLOC MUST NOT be the broadcast
      address (255.255.255.255 or any subnet broadcast address known to
      the router), and MUST NOT be a link-local multicast address.  The
      source RLOC MUST NOT be a multicast address.  The destination RLOC
      SHOULD be a multicast address if it is being mapped from a
      multicast destination EID.

It talks about source and destination RLOCs, which seems weird in the =
context of a map-reply message. My feeling is that this text belongs in =
a more generic section, or am I missing something here?  I thought that =
locators in map-replies are always meant to be used as destination =
RLOCs.

Thanks,
Sander


From sander@steffann.nl  Sun Jan  6 10:59:06 2013
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From: Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Description of locator in map-reply section
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Another question:

>   Locator:  [...] The destination RLOC
>      SHOULD be a multicast address if it is being mapped from a
>      multicast destination EID.

How should I see this? Does it even make sense to have a multicast =
address as (destination) RLOC?
- Sander


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From: Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Description of locator in map-reply section
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On 6 Jan. 2013, at 19:58 , Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl> wrote:

> Another question:
>=20
>>  Locator:  [...] The destination RLOC
>>     SHOULD be a multicast address if it is being mapped from a
>>     multicast destination EID.
>=20
> How should I see this? Does it even make sense to have a multicast =
address as (destination) RLOC?

Why not?

Luigi


> - Sander
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


From sander@steffann.nl  Mon Jan  7 03:56:01 2013
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From: Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Description of locator in map-reply section
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Op 7 jan. 2013, om 12:17 heeft Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net> het =
volgende geschreven:

> On 6 Jan. 2013, at 19:58 , Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl> wrote:
>=20
>> Another question:
>>=20
>>> Locator:  [...] The destination RLOC
>>>    SHOULD be a multicast address if it is being mapped from a
>>>    multicast destination EID.
>>=20
>> How should I see this? Does it even make sense to have a multicast =
address as (destination) RLOC?
>=20
> Why not?

It seems I need to re-read the lisp-multicast draft. I can't seem to =
understand how the mapping system works in relation to multicast =
traffic... Is there a introduction or presentation somewhere that =
explain it step-by-step?

Thanks,
Sander


From iesg-secretary@ietf.org  Mon Jan  7 07:13:28 2013
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Subject: [lisp] Last Call: <draft-ietf-lisp-mib-08.txt> (LISP MIB) to Experimental RFC
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The IESG has received a request from the Locator/ID Separation Protocol
WG (lisp) to consider the following document:
- 'LISP MIB'
  <draft-ietf-lisp-mib-08.txt> as Experimental RFC

The IESG plans to make a decision in the next few weeks, and solicits
final comments on this action. Please send substantive comments to the
ietf@ietf.org mailing lists by 2013-01-21. Exceptionally, comments may be
sent to iesg@ietf.org instead. In either case, please retain the
beginning of the Subject line to allow automated sorting.

Abstract


   This document defines managed objects for the Locator/ID Separation
   Protocol (LISP).  These objects provide information useful for
   monitoring LISP devices, including basic configuration information,
   LISP status, and operational statistics.




The file can be obtained via
http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-lisp-mib/

IESG discussion can be tracked via
http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-lisp-mib/ballot/


No IPR declarations have been submitted directly on this I-D.



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From: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
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Thanks Sander for your comment.

B.1.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-01.txt

   o  Submitted January 2013.

   o  Change longitude and latitude range from 0-90 to 0-180 in section
      4.4.

Dino


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Network Working Group                                       D. Farinacci
Internet-Draft                                                  D. Meyer
Intended status: Experimental                              cisco Systems
Expires: July 11, 2013                                       J. Snijders
                                                            InTouch N.V.
                                                         January 7, 2013


                  LISP Canonical Address Format (LCAF)
                        draft-ietf-lisp-lcaf-01

Abstract

   This draft defines a canonical address format encoding used in LISP
   control messages and in the encoding of lookup keys for the LISP
   Mapping Database System.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted to IETF in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF), its areas, and its working groups.  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-
   Drafts.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.

   This Internet-Draft will expire on July 11, 2013.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of



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   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the BSD License.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Definition of Terms  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  LISP Canonical Address Format Encodings  . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   4.  LISP Canonical Address Applications  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     4.1.  Segmentation using LISP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     4.2.  Carrying AS Numbers in the Mapping Database  . . . . . . .  8
     4.3.  Convey Application Specific Data . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     4.4.  Assigning Geo Coordinates to Locator Addresses . . . . . . 10
     4.5.  Generic Database Mapping Lookups . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     4.6.  NAT Traversal Scenarios  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     4.7.  PETR Admission Control Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     4.8.  Multicast Group Membership Information . . . . . . . . . . 16
     4.9.  Traffic Engineering using Re-encapsulating Tunnels . . . . 17
     4.10. Storing Security Data in the Mapping Database  . . . . . . 19
     4.11. Source/Destination 2-Tuple Lookups . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     4.12. Applications for AFI List Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       4.12.1.  Binding IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       4.12.2.  Layer-2 VPNs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
       4.12.3.  ASCII Names in the Mapping Database . . . . . . . . . 22
       4.12.4.  Using Recursive LISP Canonical Address Encodings  . . 23
       4.12.5.  Compatibility Mode Use Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
   5.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
   6.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
   7.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
     7.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
     7.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
   Appendix A.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
   Appendix B.  Document Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
     B.1.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-01.txt  . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
     B.2.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-00.txt  . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30










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1.  Introduction

   The LISP architecture and protocols [LISP] introduces two new
   numbering spaces, Endpoint Identifiers (EIDs) and Routing Locators
   (RLOCs) which are intended to replace most use of IP addresses on the
   Internet.  To provide flexibility for current and future
   applications, these values can be encoded in LISP control messages
   using a general syntax that includes Address Family Identifier (AFI),
   length, and value fields.

   Currently defined AFIs include IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, which are
   formatted according to code-points assigned in [AFI] as follows:

   IPv4 Encoded Address:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI =3D 1            |       IPv4 Address ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     ...  IPv4 Address         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   IPv6 Encoded Address:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI =3D 2            |       IPv6 Address ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     ...  IPv6 Address         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   This document describes the currently-defined AFIs the LISP protocol
   uses along with their encodings and introduces the LISP Canonical
   Address Format (LCAF) that can be used to define the LISP-specific
   encodings for arbitrary AFI values.








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2.  Definition of Terms

   Address Family Identifier (AFI):  a term used to describe an address
      encoding in a packet.  An address family currently defined for
      IPv4 or IPv6 addresses.  See [AFI] and [RFC1700] for details.  The
      reserved AFI value of 0 is used in this specification to indicate
      an unspecified encoded address where the the length of the address
      is 0 bytes following the 16-bit AFI value of 0.

   Unspecified Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI =3D 0            |    <nothing follows AFI=3D0>    =
|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Endpoint ID (EID):   a 32-bit (for IPv4) or 128-bit (for IPv6) value
      used in the source and destination address fields of the first
      (most inner) LISP header of a packet.  The host obtains a
      destination EID the same way it obtains a destination address
      today, for example through a DNS lookup or SIP exchange.  The
      source EID is obtained via existing mechanisms used to set a
      host's "local" IP address.  An EID is allocated to a host from an
      EID-prefix block associated with the site where the host is
      located.  An EID can be used by a host to refer to other hosts.

   Routing Locator (RLOC):   the IPv4 or IPv6 address of an egress
      tunnel router (ETR).  It is the output of a EID-to-RLOC mapping
      lookup.  An EID maps to one or more RLOCs.  Typically, RLOCs are
      numbered from topologically aggregatable blocks that are assigned
      to a site at each point to which it attaches to the global
      Internet; where the topology is defined by the connectivity of
      provider networks, RLOCs can be thought of as PA addresses.
      Multiple RLOCs can be assigned to the same ETR device or to
      multiple ETR devices at a site.















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3.  LISP Canonical Address Format Encodings

   IANA has assigned AFI value 16387 (0x4003) to the LISP architecture
   and protocols.  This specification defines the encoding format of the
   LISP Canonical Address (LCA).

   The first 4 bytes of an LISP Canonical Address are followed by a
   variable length of fields:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |    Type       |     Rsvd2     |            Length             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Rsvd1:  this 8-bit field is reserved for future use and MUST be
      transmitted as 0 and ignored on receipt.

   Flags:  this 8-bit field is for future definition and use.  For now,
      set to zero on transmission and ignored on receipt.

   Type:  this 8-bit field is specific to the LISP Canonical Address
      formatted encodings, values are:

     Type 0:  Null Body Type

     Type 1:  AFI List Type

     Type 2:  Instance ID Type

     Type 3:  AS Number Type

     Type 4:  Application Data Type

     Type 5:  Geo Coordinates Type

     Type 6:  Opaque Key Type

     Type 7:  NAT-Traversal Type

     Type 8:  Nonce Locator Type

     Type 9:  Multicast Info Type






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     Type 10:  Explicit Locator Path Type

     Type 11:  Security Key Type

     Type 12:  Source/Dest Key Type

   Rsvd2:  this 8-bit field is reserved for future use and MUST be
      transmitted as 0 and ignored on receipt.

   Length:  this 16-bit field is in units of bytes and covers all of the
      LISP Canonical Address payload, starting and including the byte
      after the Length field.  So any LCAF encoded address will have a
      minimum length of 8 bytes when the Length field is 0.  The 8 bytes
      include the AFI, Flags, Type, Reserved, and Length fields.  When
      the AFI is not next to encoded address in a control message, then
      the encoded address will have a minimum length of 6 bytes when the
      Length field is 0.  The 6 bytes include the Flags, Type, Reserved,
      and Length fields.

































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4.  LISP Canonical Address Applications

4.1.  Segmentation using LISP

   When multiple organizations inside of a LISP site are using private
   addresses [RFC1918] as EID-prefixes, their address spaces must remain
   segregated due to possible address duplication.  An Instance ID in
   the address encoding can aid in making the entire AFI based address
   unique.

   Another use for the Instance ID LISP Canonical Address Format is when
   creating multiple segmented VPNs inside of a LISP site where keeping
   EID-prefix based subnets is desirable.

   Instance ID LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 2    | IID mask-len  |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                         Instance ID                           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   IID mask-len:  if the AFI is set to 0, then this format is not
      encoding an extended EID-prefix but rather an instance-ID range
      where the 'IID mask-len' indicates the number of high-order bits
      used in the Instance ID field for the range.

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      Instance ID field including the AFI field itself.

   Instance ID:  the low-order 24-bits that can go into a LISP data
      header when the I-bit is set.  See [LISP] for details.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   This LISP Canonical Address Type can be used to encode either EID or
   RLOC addresses.








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4.2.  Carrying AS Numbers in the Mapping Database

   When an AS number is stored in the LISP Mapping Database System for
   either policy or documentation reasons, it can be encoded in a LISP
   Canonical Address.

   AS Number LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 3    |     Rsvd2     |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                           AS Number                           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      AS Number field including the AFI field itself.

   AS Number:  the 32-bit AS number of the autonomous system that has
      been assigned either the EID or RLOC that follows.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   The AS Number Canonical Address Type can be used to encode either EID
   or RLOC addresses.  The former is used to describe the LISP-ALT AS
   number the EID-prefix for the site is being carried for.  The latter
   is used to describe the AS that is carrying RLOC based prefixes in
   the underlying routing system.


















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4.3.  Convey Application Specific Data

   When a locator-set needs to be conveyed based on the type of
   application or the Per-Hop Behavior (PHB) of a packet, the
   Application Data Type can be used.

   Application Data LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 4    |     Rsvd2     |             8 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |       IP TOS, IPv6 TC, or Flow Label          |    Protocol   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           Local Port          |         Remote Port           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      8-byte Application Data fields including the AFI field itself.

   IP TOS, IPv6 TC, or Flow Label:  this field stores the 8-bit IPv4 TOS
      field used in an IPv4 header, the 8-bit IPv6 Traffic Class or Flow
      Label used in an IPv6 header.

   Local Port/Remote Port:  these fields are from the TCP, UDP, or SCTP
      transport header.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   The Application Data Canonical Address Type is used for an EID
   encoding when an ITR wants a locator-set for a specific application.
   When used for an RLOC encoding, the ETR is supplying a locator-set
   for each specific application is has been configured to advertise.













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4.4.  Assigning Geo Coordinates to Locator Addresses

   If an ETR desires to send a Map-Reply describing the Geo Coordinates
   for each locator in its locator-set, it can use the Geo Coordinate
   Type to convey physical location information.

   Geo Coordinate LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 5    |     Rsvd2     |            12 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |N|     Latitude Degrees        |    Minutes    |    Seconds    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |E|     Longitude Degrees       |    Minutes    |    Seconds    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                            Altitude                           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      8-byte Longitude and Latitude fields including the AFI field
      itself.

   N: When set to 1 means North, otherwise South.

   Latitude Degrees:  Valid values range from 0 to 180. degrees above or
      below the equator (northern or southern hemisphere, respectively).

   Latitude Minutes:  Valid values range from 0 to 59.

   Latitude Seconds:  Valid values range from 0 to 59.

   E: When set to 1 means East, otherwise West.

   Longitude Degrees:  Value values are from 0 to 180 degrees right or
      left of the Prime Meridian.

   Longitude Minutes:  Valid values range from 0 to 59.

   Longitude Seconds:  Valid values range from 0 to 59.






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   Altitude:  Height relative to sea level in meters.  This is a signed
      integer meaning that the altitude could be below sea level.  A
      value of 0x7fffffff indicates no Altitude value is encoded.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   The Geo Coordinates Canonical Address Type can be used to encode
   either EID or RLOC addresses.  When used for EID encodings, you can
   determine the physical location of an EID along with the topological
   location by observing the locator-set.





















4.5.  Generic Database Mapping Lookups

   When the LISP Mapping Database system holds information accessed by a
   generic formatted key (where the key is not the usual IPv4 or IPv6
   address), an opaque key may be desirable.















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   Opaque Key LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 6    |     Rsvd2     |               n               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    | Key Field Num |      Key Wildcard Fields      |   Key . . .   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                       . . . Key                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the type's payload.  The value n
      is the number of bytes that follow this Length field.

   Key Field Num:  the number of fields (minus 1) the key can be broken
      up into.  The width of the fields are fixed length.  So for a key
      size of 8 bytes, with a Key Field Num of 4 allows 4 fields of 2
      bytes in length.  Valid values for this field range from 0 to 15
      supporting a maximum of 16 field separations.

   Key Wildcard Fields:  describes which fields in the key are not used
      as part of the key lookup.  This wildcard encoding is a bitfield.
      Each bit is a don't-care bit for a corresponding field in the key.
      Bit 0 (the low-order bit) in this bitfield corresponds the first
      field, right-justified in the key, bit 1 the second field, and so
      on.  When a bit is set in the bitfield it is a don't-care bit and
      should not be considered as part of the database lookup.  When the
      entire 16-bits is set to 0, then all bits of the key are used for
      the database lookup.

   Key:  the variable length key used to do a LISP Database Mapping
      lookup.  The length of the key is the value n (shown above) minus
      3.















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4.6.  NAT Traversal Scenarios

   When a LISP system is conveying global address and mapped port
   information when traversing through a NAT device, the NAT-Traversal
   LCAF Type is used.  See [LISP-NATT] for details.

   NAT-Traversal Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 7    |     Rsvd2     |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |       MS UDP Port Number      |      ETR UDP Port Number      |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |  Global ETR RLOC Address  ... |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |       MS RLOC Address  ...    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          | Private ETR RLOC Address  ... |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |      RTR RLOC Address 1 ...   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |      RTR RLOC Address k ...   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI addresses that follows
      the UDP Port Number field including the AFI fields themselves.

   MS UDP Port Number:  this is the UDP port number of the Map-Server
      and is set to 4342.

   ETR UDP Port Number:  this is the port number returned to a LISP
      system which was copied from the source port from a packet that
      has flowed through a NAT device.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   Global ETR RLOC Address:  this is an address known to be globally
      unique built by NAT-traversal functionality in a LISP router.

   MS RLOC Address:  this is the address of the Map-Server used in the
      destination RLOC of a packet that has flowed through a NAT device.






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   Private ETR RLOC Address:  this is an address known to be a private
      address inserted in this LCAF format by a LISP router that resides
      on the private side of a NAT device.

   RTR RLOC Address:  this is an encapsulation address used by an ITR or
      PITR which resides behind a NAT device.  This address is known to
      have state in a NAT device so packets can flow from it to the LISP
      ETR behind the NAT.  There can be one or more NTR addresses
      supplied in these set of fields.  The number of NTRs encoded is
      determined by the LCAF length field.  When there are no NTRs
      supplied, the NTR fields can be omitted and reflected by the LCAF
      length field or an AFI of 0 can be used to indicate zero NTRs
      encoded.





















4.7.  PETR Admission Control Functionality

   When a public PETR device wants to verify who is encapsulating to it,
   it can check for a specific nonce value in the LISP encapsulated
   packet.  To convey the nonce to admitted ITRs or PITRs, this LCAF
   format is used in a Map-Register or Map-Reply locator-record.











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   Nonce Locator Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 8    |     Rsvd2     |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Reserved    |                  Nonce                        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      Nonce field including the AFI field itself.

   Reserved:  must be set to zero and ignore on receipt.

   Nonce:  this is a nonce value returned by an ETR in a Map-Reply
      locator-record to be used by an ITR or PITR when encapsulating to
      the locator address encoded in the AFI field of this LCAF type.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].



























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4.8.  Multicast Group Membership Information

   Multicast group information can be published in the mapping database
   so a lookup on an EID based group address can return a replication
   list of group addresses or a unicast addresses for single replication
   or multiple head-end replications.  This LCAF encoding can be used to
   send broadcast packets to all members of a subnet when each EIDs are
   away from their home subnet location.

   Multicast Info Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 9    |  Rsvd2  |R|L|J|             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            Reserved           | Source MaskLen| Group MaskLen |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |   Source/Subnet Address  ...  |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |       Group Address  ...      |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of fields that follow.

   Reserved:  must be set to zero and ignore on receipt.

   R-bit:  this is the RP-bit that represents PIM (S,G,RP-bit) multicast
      state.  This bit can be set for Joins (when the J-bit is set) or
      for Leaves (when the L-bit is set).  See [LISP-MRSIG] for more
      usage details.

   L-bit:  this is the Leave-Request bit and is used when this LCAF type
      is present in the destination EID-prefix field of a Map-Request.
      See [LISP-MRSIG] for details.

   J-bit:  this is the Join-Request bit and is used when this LCAF type
      is present in the destination EID-prefix field of a Map-Request.
      See [LISP-MRSIG] for details.  The J-bit MUST not be set when the
      L-bit is also set in the same LCAF block.  A receiver should not
      take any specific Join or Leave action when both bits are set.

   Source MaskLen:  the mask length of the source prefix that follows.






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   Group MaskLen:  the mask length of the group prefix that follows.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].  When a specific AFI =
has
      its own encoding of a multicast address, this field must be either
      a group address or a broadcast address.





















4.9.  Traffic Engineering using Re-encapsulating Tunnels

   For a given EID lookup into the mapping database, this LCAF format
   can be returned to provide a list of locators in an explicit re-
   encapsulation path.  See [LISP-TE] for details.




















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   Explicit Locator Path (ELP) Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 10   |     Rsvd2     |               n               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |           Rsvd3         |L|P|S|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                         Reencap Hop 1  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |           Rsvd3         |L|P|S|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                         Reencap Hop k  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of fields that follow.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].  When a specific AFI =
has
      its own encoding of a multicast address, this field must be either
      a group address or a broadcast address.

   Lookup bit (L):  this is the Lookup bit used to indicate to the user
      of the ELP to not use this address for encapsulation but to look
      it up in the mapping database system to obtain an encapsulating
      RLOC address.

   RLOC-Probe bit (P):  this is the RLOC-probe bit which means the
      Reencap Hop allows RLOC-probe messages to be sent to it.  When the
      R-bit is set to 0, RLOC-probes must not be sent.  When a Reencap
      Hop is an anycast address then multiple physical Reencap Hops are
      using the same RLOC address.  In this case, RLOC-probes are not
      needed because when the closest RLOC address is not reachable
      another RLOC address can reachable.

   Strict bit (S):  this the strict bit which means the associated
      Rencap Hop is required to be used.  If this bit is 0, the
      reencapsulator can skip this Reencap Hop and go to the next one in
      the list.










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4.10.  Storing Security Data in the Mapping Database

   When a locator in a locator-set has a security key associated with
   it, this LCAF format will be used to encode key material.  See
   [LISP-DDT] for details.

   Security Key Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 11   |      Rsvd2    |             6 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Key Count   |      Rsvd3    | Key Algorithm |   Rsvd4     |R|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           Key Length          |       Key Material ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        ... Key Material                       |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |       Locator Address ...     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of fields that start with the Key
      Material field.

   Key Count:  the Key Count field declares the number of Key sections
      included in this LCAF.

   Key Algorithm:  the Algorithm field identifies the key's
      cryptographic algorithm and specifies the format of the Public Key
      field.

   R bit:  this is the revoke bit and, if set, it specifies that this
      Key is being Revoked.

   Key Length:  this field determines the length in bytes of the Key
      Material field.

   Key Material:  the Key Material field stores the key material.  The
      format of the key material stored depends on the Key Algorithm
      field.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].This is the locator
      address that owns the encoded security key.





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4.11.  Source/Destination 2-Tuple Lookups

   When both a source and destination address of a flow needs
   consideration for different locator-sets, this 2-tuple key is used in
   EID fields in LISP control messages.  When the Source/Dest key is
   registered to the mapping database, it can be encoded as a source-
   prefix and destination-prefix.  When the Source/Dest is used as a key
   for a mapping database lookup the source and destination come from a
   data packet.

   Source/Dest Key Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 12   |     Rsvd2     |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            Reserved           |   Source-ML   |    Dest-ML    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |         Source-Prefix ...     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |     Destination-Prefix ...    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of fields that follow.

   Reserved:  must be set to zero and ignore on receipt.

   Source-ML:  the mask length of the source prefix that follows.

   Dest-ML:  the mask length of the destination prefix that follows.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].  When a specific AFI =
has
      its own encoding of a multicast address, this field must be either
      a group address or a broadcast address.

   Refer to [LISP-TE] for usage details.












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4.12.  Applications for AFI List Type

4.12.1.  Binding IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses

   When header translation between IPv4 and IPv6 is desirable a LISP
   Canonical Address can use the AFI List Type to carry multiple AFIs in
   one LCA AFI.

   Bounded Address LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 1    |     Rsvd2     |         2 + 4 + 2 + 16        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI =3D 1            |       IPv4 Address ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     ...  IPv4 Address         |            AFI =3D 2            |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                          IPv6 Address ...                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address                         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length:  length in bytes is fixed at 24 when IPv4 and IPv6 AFI
      encoded addresses are used.

   This type of address format can be included in a Map-Request when the
   address is being used as an EID, but the Mapping Database System
   lookup destination can use only the IPv4 address.  This is so a
   Mapping Database Service Transport System, such as LISP-ALT [ALT],
   can use the Map-Request destination address to route the control
   message to the desired LISP site.












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4.12.2.  Layer-2 VPNs

   When MAC addresses are stored in the LISP Mapping Database System,
   the AFI List Type can be used to carry AFI 6.

   MAC Address LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 1    |     Rsvd2     |             2 + 6             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |             AFI =3D 6           |    Layer-2 MAC Address  ...   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                    ... Layer-2 MAC Address                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length:  length in bytes is fixed at 8 when MAC address AFI encoded
      addresses are used.

   This address format can be used to connect layer-2 domains together
   using LISP over an IPv4 or IPv6 core network to create a layer-2 VPN.
   In this use-case, a MAC address is being used as an EID, and the
   locator-set that this EID maps to can be an IPv4 or IPv6 RLOCs, or
   even another MAC address being used as an RLOC.

4.12.3.  ASCII Names in the Mapping Database

   If DNS names or URIs are stored in the LISP Mapping Database System,
   the AFI List Type can be used to carry an ASCII string where it is
   delimited by length 'n' of the LCAF Length encoding.

   ASCII LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 1    |     Rsvd2     |             2 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |             AFI =3D 17          |      DNS Name or URI  ...     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+






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   Length value n:  length in bytes AFI=3D17 field and the =
null-terminated
      ASCII string (the last byte of 0 is included).

4.12.4.  Using Recursive LISP Canonical Address Encodings

   When any combination of above is desirable, the AFI List Type value
   can be used to carry within the LCA AFI another LCA AFI.

   Recursive LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 1    |     Rsvd2     |         4 + 8 + 2 + 4         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 4    |     Rsvd2     |              12               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   IP TOS, IPv6 QQS or Flow Label              |    Protocol   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           Local Port          |         Remote Port           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI =3D 1            |       IPv4 Address ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     ...  IPv4 Address         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length:  length in bytes is fixed at 18 when an AFI=3D1 IPv4 address =
is
      included.

   This format could be used by a Mapping Database Transport System,
   such as LISP-ALT [ALT], where the AFI=3D1 IPv4 address is used as an
   EID and placed in the Map-Request destination address by the sending
   LISP system.  The ALT system can deliver the Map-Request to the LISP
   destination site independent of the Application Data Type AFI payload
   values.  When this AFI is processed by the destination LISP site, it
   can return different locator-sets based on the type of application or
   level of service that is being requested.










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4.12.5.  Compatibility Mode Use Case

   A LISP system should use the AFI List Type format when sending to
   LISP systems that do not support a particular LCAF Type used to
   encode locators.  This allows the receiving system to be able to
   parse a locator address for encapsulation purposes.  The list of AFIs
   in an AFI List LCAF Type has no semantic ordering and a receiver
   should parse each AFI element no matter what the ordering.

   Compatibility Mode Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 1    |     Rsvd2     |            22 + 6             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 5    |     Rsvd2     |            12 + 2             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |N|     Latitude Degrees        |    Minutes    |    Seconds    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |E|     Longitude Degrees       |    Minutes    |    Seconds    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                            Altitude                           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D 0          |           AFI =3D 1             =
|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                          IPv4 Address                         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   If a system does not recognized the Geo Coordinate LCAF Type that is
   accompanying a locator address, an encoder can include the Geo
   Coordinate LCAF Type embedded in a AFI List LCAF Type where the AFI
   in the Geo Coordinate LCAF is set to 0 and the AFI encoded next in
   the list is encoded with a valid AFI value to identify the locator
   address.

   A LISP system is required to support the AFI List LCAF Type to use
   this procedure.  It would skip over 10 bytes of the Geo Coordinate
   LCAF Type to get to the locator address encoding (an IPv4 locator
   address).  A LISP system that does support the Geo Coordinate LCAF
   Type can support parsing the locator address within the Geo
   Coordinate LCAF encoding or in the locator encoding that follows in
   the AFI List LCAF.




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5.  Security Considerations

   There are no security considerations for this specification.  The
   security considerations are documented for the protocols that use
   LISP Canonical Addressing.  Refer to the those relevant
   specifications.













































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6.  IANA Considerations

   The Address Family AFI definitions from [AFI] only allocate code-
   points for the AFI value itself.  The length of the address or entity
   that follows is not defined and is implied based on conventional
   experience.  Where the LISP protocol uses LISP Canonical Addresses
   specifically, the address length definitions will be in this
   specification and take precedent over any other specification.

   An IANA Registry for LCAF Type values will be created.  The values
   that are considered for use by the main LISP specification [LISP]
   will be in the IANA Registry.  Other Type values used for
   experimentation will be defined and described in this document.






































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7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [RFC1700]  Reynolds, J. and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", RFC 1700,
              October 1994.

   [RFC1918]  Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and
              E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets",
              BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996.

7.2.  Informative References

   [AFI]      IANA, "Address Family Identifier (AFIs)", ADDRESS FAMILY
              NUMBERS http://www.iana.org/numbers.html, Febuary 2007.

   [ALT]      Fuller, V., Farinacci, D., Meyer, D., and D. Lewis, "LISP
              Alternative Topology (LISP+ALT)",
              draft-ietf-lisp-alt-06.txt (work in progress), March 2011.

   [LISP]     Farinacci, D., Fuller, V., Meyer, D., and D. Lewis,
              "Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)",
              draft-ietf-lisp-12.txt (work in progress), April 2011.

   [LISP-DDT]
              Fuller, V., Lewis, D., and V. Ermagan, "LISP Delegated
              Database Tree", draft-fuller-lisp-ddt-01.txt (work in
              progress).

   [LISP-MRSIG]
              Farinacci, D. and M. Napierala, "LISP Control-Plane
              Multicast Signaling",
              draft-farinacci-lisp-mr-signaling-00.txt (work in
              progress).

   [LISP-NATT]
              Ermagan, V., Farinacci, D., Lewis, D., Skriver, J., Maino,
              F., and C. White, "NAT traversal for LISP",
              draft-ermagan-lisp-nat-traversal-00.txt (work in
              progress).

   [LISP-TE]  Farinacci, D., Lahiri, P., and M. Kowal, "LISP Traffic
              Engineering Use-Cases", draft-farinacci-lisp-te-01.txt
              (work in progress).







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Appendix A.  Acknowledgments

   The authors would like to thank Vince Fuller, Gregg Schudel, Jesper
   Skriver, Luigi Iannone, and Isidor Kouvelas for their technical and
   editorial commentary.

   The authors would like to thank Victor Moreno for discussions that
   lead to the definition of the Multicast Info LCAF type.

   The authors would like to thank Parantap Lahiri and Michael Kowal for
   discussions that lead to the definition of the Explicit Locator Path
   (ELP) LCAF type.

   The authors would like to thank Fabio Maino and Vina Ermagan for
   discussions that lead to the definition of the Security Key LCAF
   type.

   Thanks also goes to Terry Manderson for assistance obtaining a LISP
   AFI value from IANA.
































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Appendix B.  Document Change Log

B.1.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-01.txt

   o  Submitted January 2013.

   o  Change longitude and latitude range from 0-90 to 0-180 in section
      4.4.

B.2.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-00.txt

   o  Posted first working group draft August 2012.

   o  This draft was renamed from draft-farinacci-lisp-lcaf-10.txt.





































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Authors' Addresses

   Dino Farinacci
   cisco Systems
   Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: farinacci@gmail.com


   Dave Meyer
   cisco Systems
   170 Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA
   USA

   Email: dmm@cisco.com


   Job Snijders
   InTouch N.V.
   Middenweg 76
   1097 BS Amsterdam
   The Netherlands

   Email: job@instituut.net
























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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>wdiff draft-ietf-lisp-lcaf-00.txt draft-ietf-lisp-lcaf-01.txt</title></head><body>
<pre>
Network Working Group                                       D. Farinacci
Internet-Draft                                                  D. Meyer
Intended status: Experimental                              cisco Systems
Expires: <strike><font color="red">March 3,</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">July 11,</font></strong> 2013                                       J. Snijders
                                                            InTouch N.V.
                                                         <strike><font color="red">August 30, 2012</font></strike>
                                                         <strong><font color="green">January 7, 2013</font></strong>

                  LISP Canonical Address Format (LCAF)
                        <strike><font color="red">draft-ietf-lisp-lcaf-00</font></strike>
                        <strong><font color="green">draft-ietf-lisp-lcaf-01</font></strong>

Abstract

   This draft defines a canonical address format encoding used in LISP
   control messages and in the encoding of lookup keys for the LISP
   Mapping Database System.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted <strong><font color="green">to IETF</font></strong> in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force <strike><font color="red">(IETF).</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">(IETF), its areas, and its working groups.</font></strong>  Note that
   other groups may also distribute working documents as <strike><font color="red">Internet-Drafts.  The list of current</font></strike> Internet-
   <strike><font color="red">Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.</font></strike>
   <strong><font color="green">Drafts.</font></strong>

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   <strong><font color="green">The list of current Internet-Drafts can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/ietf/1id-abstracts.txt.

   The list of Internet-Draft Shadow Directories can be accessed at
   http://www.ietf.org/shadow.html.</font></strong>

   This Internet-Draft will expire on <strike><font color="red">March 3,</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">July 11,</font></strong> 2013.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) <strike><font color="red">2012</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">2013</font></strong> IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
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   described in the <strike><font color="red">Simplified</font></strike> BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Definition of Terms  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  LISP Canonical Address Format Encodings  . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   4.  LISP Canonical Address Applications  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     4.1.  Segmentation using LISP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     4.2.  Carrying AS Numbers in the Mapping Database  . . . . . . .  8
     4.3.  Convey Application Specific Data . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     4.4.  Assigning Geo Coordinates to Locator Addresses . . . . . . 10
     4.5.  Generic Database Mapping Lookups . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     4.6.  NAT Traversal Scenarios  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     4.7.  PETR Admission Control Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     4.8.  Multicast Group Membership Information . . . . . . . . . . 16
     4.9.  Traffic Engineering using Re-encapsulating Tunnels . . . . 17
     4.10. Storing Security Data in the Mapping Database  . . . . . . 19
     4.11. Source/Destination 2-Tuple Lookups . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     4.12. Applications for AFI List Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       4.12.1.  Binding IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       4.12.2.  Layer-2 VPNs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
       4.12.3.  ASCII Names in the Mapping Database . . . . . . . . . 22
       4.12.4.  Using Recursive LISP Canonical Address Encodings  . . 23
       4.12.5.  Compatibility Mode Use Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
   5.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
   6.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
   7.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
     7.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
     7.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
   Appendix A.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
   Appendix B.  Document Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
     B.1.  Changes to <strong><font color="green">draft-ietf-lisp-01.txt  . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
     B.2.  Changes to</font></strong> draft-ietf-lisp-00.txt  . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

1.  Introduction

   The LISP architecture and protocols [LISP] introduces two new
   numbering spaces, Endpoint Identifiers (EIDs) and Routing Locators
   (RLOCs) which are intended to replace most use of IP addresses on the
   Internet.  To provide flexibility for current and future
   applications, these values can be encoded in LISP control messages
   using a general syntax that includes Address Family Identifier (AFI),
   length, and value fields.

   Currently defined AFIs include IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, which are
   formatted according to code-points assigned in [AFI] as follows:

   IPv4 Encoded Address:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI = 1            |       IPv4 Address ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     ...  IPv4 Address         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   IPv6 Encoded Address:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI = 2            |       IPv6 Address ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     ...  IPv6 Address         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   This document describes the currently-defined AFIs the LISP protocol
   uses along with their encodings and introduces the LISP Canonical
   Address Format (LCAF) that can be used to define the LISP-specific
   encodings for arbitrary AFI values.

2.  Definition of Terms

   Address Family Identifier (AFI):  a term used to describe an address
      encoding in a packet.  An address family currently defined for
      IPv4 or IPv6 addresses.  See [AFI] and [RFC1700] for details.  The
      reserved AFI value of 0 is used in this specification to indicate
      an unspecified encoded address where the the length of the address
      is 0 bytes following the 16-bit AFI value of 0.

   Unspecified Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI = 0            |    &lt;nothing follows AFI=0&gt;    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Endpoint ID (EID):   a 32-bit (for IPv4) or 128-bit (for IPv6) value
      used in the source and destination address fields of the first
      (most inner) LISP header of a packet.  The host obtains a
      destination EID the same way it obtains a destination address
      today, for example through a DNS lookup or SIP exchange.  The
      source EID is obtained via existing mechanisms used to set a
      host's "local" IP address.  An EID is allocated to a host from an
      EID-prefix block associated with the site where the host is
      located.  An EID can be used by a host to refer to other hosts.

   Routing Locator (RLOC):   the IPv4 or IPv6 address of an egress
      tunnel router (ETR).  It is the output of a EID-to-RLOC mapping
      lookup.  An EID maps to one or more RLOCs.  Typically, RLOCs are
      numbered from topologically aggregatable blocks that are assigned
      to a site at each point to which it attaches to the global
      Internet; where the topology is defined by the connectivity of
      provider networks, RLOCs can be thought of as PA addresses.
      Multiple RLOCs can be assigned to the same ETR device or to
      multiple ETR devices at a site.

3.  LISP Canonical Address Format Encodings

   IANA has assigned AFI value 16387 (0x4003) to the LISP architecture
   and protocols.  This specification defines the encoding format of the
   LISP Canonical Address (LCA).

   The first 4 bytes of an LISP Canonical Address are followed by a
   variable length of fields:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |    Type       |     Rsvd2     |            Length             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Rsvd1:  this 8-bit field is reserved for future use and MUST be
      transmitted as 0 and ignored on receipt.

   Flags:  this 8-bit field is for future definition and use.  For now,
      set to zero on transmission and ignored on receipt.

   Type:  this 8-bit field is specific to the LISP Canonical Address
      formatted encodings, values are:

     Type 0:  Null Body Type

     Type 1:  AFI List Type

     Type 2:  Instance ID Type

     Type 3:  AS Number Type

     Type 4:  Application Data Type

     Type 5:  Geo Coordinates Type

     Type 6:  Opaque Key Type

     Type 7:  NAT-Traversal Type

     Type 8:  Nonce Locator Type

     Type 9:  Multicast Info Type
     Type 10:  Explicit Locator Path Type

     Type 11:  Security Key Type

     Type 12:  Source/Dest Key Type

   Rsvd2:  this 8-bit field is reserved for future use and MUST be
      transmitted as 0 and ignored on receipt.

   Length:  this 16-bit field is in units of bytes and covers all of the
      LISP Canonical Address payload, starting and including the byte
      after the Length field.  So any LCAF encoded address will have a
      minimum length of 8 bytes when the Length field is 0.  The 8 bytes
      include the AFI, Flags, Type, Reserved, and Length fields.  When
      the AFI is not next to encoded address in a control message, then
      the encoded address will have a minimum length of 6 bytes when the
      Length field is 0.  The 6 bytes include the Flags, Type, Reserved,
      and Length fields.

4.  LISP Canonical Address Applications

4.1.  Segmentation using LISP

   When multiple organizations inside of a LISP site are using private
   addresses [RFC1918] as EID-prefixes, their address spaces must remain
   segregated due to possible address duplication.  An Instance ID in
   the address encoding can aid in making the entire AFI based address
   unique.

   Another use for the Instance ID LISP Canonical Address Format is when
   creating multiple segmented VPNs inside of a LISP site where keeping
   EID-prefix based subnets is desirable.

   Instance ID LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 2    | IID mask-len  |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                         Instance ID                           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   IID mask-len:  if the AFI is set to 0, then this format is not
      encoding an extended EID-prefix but rather an instance-ID range
      where the 'IID mask-len' indicates the number of high-order bits
      used in the Instance ID field for the range.

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      Instance ID field including the AFI field itself.

   Instance ID:  the low-order 24-bits that can go into a LISP data
      header when the I-bit is set.  See [LISP] for details.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   This LISP Canonical Address Type can be used to encode either EID or
   RLOC addresses.

4.2.  Carrying AS Numbers in the Mapping Database

   When an AS number is stored in the LISP Mapping Database System for
   either policy or documentation reasons, it can be encoded in a LISP
   Canonical Address.

   AS Number LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 3    |     Rsvd2     |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                           AS Number                           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      AS Number field including the AFI field itself.

   AS Number:  the 32-bit AS number of the autonomous system that has
      been assigned either the EID or RLOC that follows.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   The AS Number Canonical Address Type can be used to encode either EID
   or RLOC addresses.  The former is used to describe the LISP-ALT AS
   number the EID-prefix for the site is being carried for.  The latter
   is used to describe the AS that is carrying RLOC based prefixes in
   the underlying routing system.

4.3.  Convey Application Specific Data

   When a locator-set needs to be conveyed based on the type of
   application or the Per-Hop Behavior (PHB) of a packet, the
   Application Data Type can be used.

   Application Data LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 4    |     Rsvd2     |             8 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |       IP TOS, IPv6 TC, or Flow Label          |    Protocol   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           Local Port          |         Remote Port           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      8-byte Application Data fields including the AFI field itself.

   IP TOS, IPv6 TC, or Flow Label:  this field stores the 8-bit IPv4 TOS
      field used in an IPv4 header, the 8-bit IPv6 Traffic Class or Flow
      Label used in an IPv6 header.

   Local Port/Remote Port:  these fields are from the TCP, UDP, or SCTP
      transport header.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   The Application Data Canonical Address Type is used for an EID
   encoding when an ITR wants a locator-set for a specific application.
   When used for an RLOC encoding, the ETR is supplying a locator-set
   for each specific application is has been configured to advertise.

4.4.  Assigning Geo Coordinates to Locator Addresses

   If an ETR desires to send a Map-Reply describing the Geo Coordinates
   for each locator in its locator-set, it can use the Geo Coordinate
   Type to convey physical location information.

   Geo Coordinate LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 5    |     Rsvd2     |            12 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |N|     Latitude Degrees        |    Minutes    |    Seconds    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |E|     Longitude Degrees       |    Minutes    |    Seconds    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                            Altitude                           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      8-byte Longitude and Latitude fields including the AFI field
      itself.

   N: When set to 1 means North, otherwise South.

   Latitude Degrees:  Valid values range from 0 to <strike><font color="red">90.</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">180.</font></strong> degrees above or
      below the equator (northern or southern hemisphere, respectively).

   Latitude Minutes:  Valid values range from 0 to 59.

   Latitude Seconds:  Valid values range from 0 to 59.

   E: When set to 1 means East, otherwise West.

   Longitude Degrees:  Value values are from 0 to <strike><font color="red">90</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">180</font></strong> degrees right or
      left of the Prime Meridian.

   Longitude Minutes:  Valid values range from 0 to 59.

   Longitude Seconds:  Valid values range from 0 to 59.

   Altitude:  Height relative to sea level in meters.  This is a signed
      integer meaning that the altitude could be below sea level.  A
      value of 0x7fffffff indicates no Altitude value is encoded.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   The Geo Coordinates Canonical Address Type can be used to encode
   either EID or RLOC addresses.  When used for EID encodings, you can
   determine the physical location of an EID along with the topological
   location by observing the locator-set.

4.5.  Generic Database Mapping Lookups

   When the LISP Mapping Database system holds information accessed by a
   generic formatted key (where the key is not the usual IPv4 or IPv6
   address), an opaque key may be desirable.

   Opaque Key LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 6    |     Rsvd2     |               n               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    | Key Field Num |      Key Wildcard Fields      |   Key . . .   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                       . . . Key                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the type's payload.  The value n
      is the number of bytes that follow this Length field.

   Key Field Num:  the number of fields (minus 1) the key can be broken
      up into.  The width of the fields are fixed length.  So for a key
      size of 8 bytes, with a Key Field Num of 4 allows 4 fields of 2
      bytes in length.  Valid values for this field range from 0 to 15
      supporting a maximum of 16 field separations.

   Key Wildcard Fields:  describes which fields in the key are not used
      as part of the key lookup.  This wildcard encoding is a bitfield.
      Each bit is a don't-care bit for a corresponding field in the key.
      Bit 0 (the low-order bit) in this bitfield corresponds the first
      field, right-justified in the key, bit 1 the second field, and so
      on.  When a bit is set in the bitfield it is a don't-care bit and
      should not be considered as part of the database lookup.  When the
      entire 16-bits is set to 0, then all bits of the key are used for
      the database lookup.

   Key:  the variable length key used to do a LISP Database Mapping
      lookup.  The length of the key is the value n (shown above) minus
      3.

4.6.  NAT Traversal Scenarios

   When a LISP system is conveying global address and mapped port
   information when traversing through a NAT device, the NAT-Traversal
   LCAF Type is used.  See [LISP-NATT] for details.

   NAT-Traversal Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 7    |     Rsvd2     |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |       MS UDP Port Number      |      ETR UDP Port Number      |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |  Global ETR RLOC Address  ... |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |       MS RLOC Address  ...    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          | Private ETR RLOC Address  ... |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |      RTR RLOC Address 1 ...   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |      RTR RLOC Address k ...   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI addresses that follows
      the UDP Port Number field including the AFI fields themselves.

   MS UDP Port Number:  this is the UDP port number of the Map-Server
      and is set to 4342.

   ETR UDP Port Number:  this is the port number returned to a LISP
      system which was copied from the source port from a packet that
      has flowed through a NAT device.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   Global ETR RLOC Address:  this is an address known to be globally
      unique built by NAT-traversal functionality in a LISP router.

   MS RLOC Address:  this is the address of the Map-Server used in the
      destination RLOC of a packet that has flowed through a NAT device.

   Private ETR RLOC Address:  this is an address known to be a private
      address inserted in this LCAF format by a LISP router that resides
      on the private side of a NAT device.

   RTR RLOC Address:  this is an encapsulation address used by an ITR or
      PITR which resides behind a NAT device.  This address is known to
      have state in a NAT device so packets can flow from it to the LISP
      ETR behind the NAT.  There can be one or more NTR addresses
      supplied in these set of fields.  The number of NTRs encoded is
      determined by the LCAF length field.  When there are no NTRs
      supplied, the NTR fields can be omitted and reflected by the LCAF
      length field or an AFI of 0 can be used to indicate zero NTRs
      encoded.

4.7.  PETR Admission Control Functionality

   When a public PETR device wants to verify who is encapsulating to it,
   it can check for a specific nonce value in the LISP encapsulated
   packet.  To convey the nonce to admitted ITRs or PITRs, this LCAF
   format is used in a Map-Register or Map-Reply locator-record.

   Nonce Locator Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 8    |     Rsvd2     |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Reserved    |                  Nonce                        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      Nonce field including the AFI field itself.

   Reserved:  must be set to zero and ignore on receipt.

   Nonce:  this is a nonce value returned by an ETR in a Map-Reply
      locator-record to be used by an ITR or PITR when encapsulating to
      the locator address encoded in the AFI field of this LCAF type.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

4.8.  Multicast Group Membership Information

   Multicast group information can be published in the mapping database
   so a lookup on an EID based group address can return a replication
   list of group addresses or a unicast addresses for single replication
   or multiple head-end replications.  This LCAF encoding can be used to
   send broadcast packets to all members of a subnet when each EIDs are
   away from their home subnet location.

   Multicast Info Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 9    |  Rsvd2  |R|L|J|             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            Reserved           | Source MaskLen| Group MaskLen |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |   Source/Subnet Address  ...  |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |       Group Address  ...      |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of fields that follow.

   Reserved:  must be set to zero and ignore on receipt.

   R-bit:  this is the RP-bit that represents PIM (S,G,RP-bit) multicast
      state.  This bit can be set for Joins (when the J-bit is set) or
      for Leaves (when the L-bit is set).  See [LISP-MRSIG] for more
      usage details.

   L-bit:  this is the Leave-Request bit and is used when this LCAF type
      is present in the destination EID-prefix field of a Map-Request.
      See [LISP-MRSIG] for details.

   J-bit:  this is the Join-Request bit and is used when this LCAF type
      is present in the destination EID-prefix field of a Map-Request.
      See [LISP-MRSIG] for details.  The J-bit MUST not be set when the
      L-bit is also set in the same LCAF block.  A receiver should not
      take any specific Join or Leave action when both bits are set.

   Source MaskLen:  the mask length of the source prefix that follows.

   Group MaskLen:  the mask length of the group prefix that follows.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].  When a specific AFI has
      its own encoding of a multicast address, this field must be either
      a group address or a broadcast address.

4.9.  Traffic Engineering using Re-encapsulating Tunnels

   For a given EID lookup into the mapping database, this LCAF format
   can be returned to provide a list of locators in an explicit re-
   encapsulation path.  See [LISP-TE] for details.

   Explicit Locator Path (ELP) Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 10   |     Rsvd2     |               n               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |           Rsvd3         |L|P|S|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                         Reencap Hop 1  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |           Rsvd3         |L|P|S|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                         Reencap Hop k  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of fields that follow.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].  When a specific AFI has
      its own encoding of a multicast address, this field must be either
      a group address or a broadcast address.

   Lookup bit (L):  this is the Lookup bit used to indicate to the user
      of the ELP to not use this address for encapsulation but to look
      it up in the mapping database system to obtain an encapsulating
      RLOC address.

   RLOC-Probe bit (P):  this is the RLOC-probe bit which means the
      Reencap Hop allows RLOC-probe messages to be sent to it.  When the
      R-bit is set to 0, RLOC-probes must not be sent.  When a Reencap
      Hop is an anycast address then multiple physical Reencap Hops are
      using the same RLOC address.  In this case, RLOC-probes are not
      needed because when the closest RLOC address is not reachable
      another RLOC address can reachable.

   Strict bit (S):  this the strict bit which means the associated
      Rencap Hop is required to be used.  If this bit is 0, the
      reencapsulator can skip this Reencap Hop and go to the next one in
      the list.

4.10.  Storing Security Data in the Mapping Database

   When a locator in a locator-set has a security key associated with
   it, this LCAF format will be used to encode key material.  See
   [LISP-DDT] for details.

   Security Key Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 11   |      Rsvd2    |             6 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Key Count   |      Rsvd3    | Key Algorithm |   Rsvd4     |R|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           Key Length          |       Key Material ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        ... Key Material                       |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |       Locator Address ...     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of fields that start with the Key
      Material field.

   Key Count:  the Key Count field declares the number of Key sections
      included in this LCAF.

   Key Algorithm:  the Algorithm field identifies the key's
      cryptographic algorithm and specifies the format of the Public Key
      field.

   R bit:  this is the revoke bit and, if set, it specifies that this
      Key is being Revoked.

   Key Length:  this field determines the length in bytes of the Key
      Material field.

   Key Material:  the Key Material field stores the key material.  The
      format of the key material stored depends on the Key Algorithm
      field.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].This is the locator
      address that owns the encoded security key.

4.11.  Source/Destination 2-Tuple Lookups

   When both a source and destination address of a flow needs
   consideration for different locator-sets, this 2-tuple key is used in
   EID fields in LISP control messages.  When the Source/Dest key is
   registered to the mapping database, it can be encoded as a source-
   prefix and destination-prefix.  When the Source/Dest is used as a key
   for a mapping database lookup the source and destination come from a
   data packet.

   Source/Dest Key Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 12   |     Rsvd2     |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            Reserved           |   Source-ML   |    Dest-ML    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |         Source-Prefix ...     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |     Destination-Prefix ...    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of fields that follow.

   Reserved:  must be set to zero and ignore on receipt.

   Source-ML:  the mask length of the source prefix that follows.

   Dest-ML:  the mask length of the destination prefix that follows.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].  When a specific AFI has
      its own encoding of a multicast address, this field must be either
      a group address or a broadcast address.

   Refer to [LISP-TE] for usage details.

4.12.  Applications for AFI List Type

4.12.1.  Binding IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses

   When header translation between IPv4 and IPv6 is desirable a LISP
   Canonical Address can use the AFI List Type to carry multiple AFIs in
   one LCA AFI.

   Bounded Address LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 1    |     Rsvd2     |         2 + 4 + 2 + 16        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI = 1            |       IPv4 Address ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     ...  IPv4 Address         |            AFI = 2            |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                          IPv6 Address ...                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address                         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length:  length in bytes is fixed at 24 when IPv4 and IPv6 AFI
      encoded addresses are used.

   This type of address format can be included in a Map-Request when the
   address is being used as an EID, but the Mapping Database System
   lookup destination can use only the IPv4 address.  This is so a
   Mapping Database Service Transport System, such as LISP-ALT [ALT],
   can use the Map-Request destination address to route the control
   message to the desired LISP site.

4.12.2.  Layer-2 VPNs

   When MAC addresses are stored in the LISP Mapping Database System,
   the AFI List Type can be used to carry AFI 6.

   MAC Address LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 1    |     Rsvd2     |             2 + 6             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |             AFI = 6           |    Layer-2 MAC Address  ...   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                    ... Layer-2 MAC Address                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length:  length in bytes is fixed at 8 when MAC address AFI encoded
      addresses are used.

   This address format can be used to connect layer-2 domains together
   using LISP over an IPv4 or IPv6 core network to create a layer-2 VPN.
   In this use-case, a MAC address is being used as an EID, and the
   locator-set that this EID maps to can be an IPv4 or IPv6 RLOCs, or
   even another MAC address being used as an RLOC.

4.12.3.  ASCII Names in the Mapping Database

   If DNS names or URIs are stored in the LISP Mapping Database System,
   the AFI List Type can be used to carry an ASCII string where it is
   delimited by length 'n' of the LCAF Length encoding.

   ASCII LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 1    |     Rsvd2     |             2 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |             AFI = 17          |      DNS Name or URI  ...     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes AFI=17 field and the null-terminated
      ASCII string (the last byte of 0 is included).

4.12.4.  Using Recursive LISP Canonical Address Encodings

   When any combination of above is desirable, the AFI List Type value
   can be used to carry within the LCA AFI another LCA AFI.

   Recursive LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 1    |     Rsvd2     |         4 + 8 + 2 + 4         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 4    |     Rsvd2     |              12               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   IP TOS, IPv6 QQS or Flow Label              |    Protocol   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           Local Port          |         Remote Port           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI = 1            |       IPv4 Address ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     ...  IPv4 Address         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length:  length in bytes is fixed at 18 when an AFI=1 IPv4 address is
      included.

   This format could be used by a Mapping Database Transport System,
   such as LISP-ALT [ALT], where the AFI=1 IPv4 address is used as an
   EID and placed in the Map-Request destination address by the sending
   LISP system.  The ALT system can deliver the Map-Request to the LISP
   destination site independent of the Application Data Type AFI payload
   values.  When this AFI is processed by the destination LISP site, it
   can return different locator-sets based on the type of application or
   level of service that is being requested.

4.12.5.  Compatibility Mode Use Case

   A LISP system should use the AFI List Type format when sending to
   LISP systems that do not support a particular LCAF Type used to
   encode locators.  This allows the receiving system to be able to
   parse a locator address for encapsulation purposes.  The list of AFIs
   in an AFI List LCAF Type has no semantic ordering and a receiver
   should parse each AFI element no matter what the ordering.

   Compatibility Mode Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 1    |     Rsvd2     |            22 + 6             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 5    |     Rsvd2     |            12 + 2             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |N|     Latitude Degrees        |    Minutes    |    Seconds    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |E|     Longitude Degrees       |    Minutes    |    Seconds    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                            Altitude                           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = 0          |           AFI = 1             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                          IPv4 Address                         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   If a system does not recognized the Geo Coordinate LCAF Type that is
   accompanying a locator address, an encoder can include the Geo
   Coordinate LCAF Type embedded in a AFI List LCAF Type where the AFI
   in the Geo Coordinate LCAF is set to 0 and the AFI encoded next in
   the list is encoded with a valid AFI value to identify the locator
   address.

   A LISP system is required to support the AFI List LCAF Type to use
   this procedure.  It would skip over 10 bytes of the Geo Coordinate
   LCAF Type to get to the locator address encoding (an IPv4 locator
   address).  A LISP system that does support the Geo Coordinate LCAF
   Type can support parsing the locator address within the Geo
   Coordinate LCAF encoding or in the locator encoding that follows in
   the AFI List LCAF.

5.  Security Considerations

   There are no security considerations for this specification.  The
   security considerations are documented for the protocols that use
   LISP Canonical Addressing.  Refer to the those relevant
   specifications.

6.  IANA Considerations

   The Address Family AFI definitions from [AFI] only allocate code-
   points for the AFI value itself.  The length of the address or entity
   that follows is not defined and is implied based on conventional
   experience.  Where the LISP protocol uses LISP Canonical Addresses
   specifically, the address length definitions will be in this
   specification and take precedent over any other specification.

   An IANA Registry for LCAF Type values will be created.  The values
   that are considered for use by the main LISP specification [LISP]
   will be in the IANA Registry.  Other Type values used for
   experimentation will be defined and described in this document.

7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [RFC1700]  Reynolds, J. and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", RFC 1700,
              October 1994.

   [RFC1918]  Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and
              E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets",
              BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996.

7.2.  Informative References

   [AFI]      IANA, "Address Family Identifier (AFIs)", ADDRESS FAMILY
              NUMBERS http://www.iana.org/numbers.html, Febuary 2007.

   [ALT]      Fuller, V., Farinacci, D., Meyer, D., and D. Lewis, "LISP
              Alternative Topology (LISP+ALT)",
              draft-ietf-lisp-alt-06.txt (work in progress), March 2011.

   [LISP]     Farinacci, D., Fuller, V., Meyer, D., and D. Lewis,
              "Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)",
              draft-ietf-lisp-12.txt (work in progress), April 2011.

   [LISP-DDT]
              Fuller, V., Lewis, D., and V. Ermagan, "LISP Delegated
              Database Tree", draft-fuller-lisp-ddt-01.txt (work in
              progress).

   [LISP-MRSIG]
              Farinacci, D. and M. Napierala, "LISP Control-Plane
              Multicast Signaling",
              draft-farinacci-lisp-mr-signaling-00.txt (work in
              progress).

   [LISP-NATT]
              Ermagan, V., Farinacci, D., Lewis, D., Skriver, J., Maino,
              F., and C. White, "NAT traversal for LISP",
              draft-ermagan-lisp-nat-traversal-00.txt (work in
              progress).

   [LISP-TE]  Farinacci, D., Lahiri, P., and M. Kowal, "LISP Traffic
              Engineering Use-Cases", draft-farinacci-lisp-te-01.txt
              (work in progress).

Appendix A.  Acknowledgments

   The authors would like to thank Vince Fuller, Gregg Schudel, Jesper
   Skriver, Luigi Iannone, and Isidor Kouvelas for their technical and
   editorial commentary.

   The authors would like to thank Victor Moreno for discussions that
   lead to the definition of the Multicast Info LCAF type.

   The authors would like to thank Parantap Lahiri and Michael Kowal for
   discussions that lead to the definition of the Explicit Locator Path
   (ELP) LCAF type.

   The authors would like to thank Fabio Maino and Vina Ermagan for
   discussions that lead to the definition of the Security Key LCAF
   type.

   Thanks also goes to Terry Manderson for assistance obtaining a LISP
   AFI value from IANA.

Appendix B.  Document Change Log

B.1.  Changes to <strong><font color="green">draft-ietf-lisp-01.txt

   o  Submitted January 2013.

   o  Change longitude and latitude range from 0-90 to 0-180 in section
      4.4.

B.2.  Changes to</font></strong> draft-ietf-lisp-00.txt

   o  Posted first working group draft August 2012.

   o  This draft was renamed from draft-farinacci-lisp-lcaf-10.txt.

Authors' Addresses

   Dino Farinacci
   cisco Systems
   Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: <strike><font color="red">dino@cisco.com</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">farinacci@gmail.com</font></strong>

   Dave Meyer
   cisco Systems
   170 Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA
   USA

   Email: dmm@cisco.com

   Job Snijders
   InTouch N.V.
   Middenweg 76
   1097 BS Amsterdam
   The Netherlands

   Email: job@instituut.net
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From: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
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Date: Mon, 7 Jan 2013 15:48:51 -0800
To: "lisp@ietf.org list" <lisp@ietf.org>
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Subject: [lisp] Update to draft-ietf-lisp-lcaf-01
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After additional exchanges with Sander privately, here are more trivial =
changes.

Dino


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Network Working Group                                       D. Farinacci
Internet-Draft                                                  D. Meyer
Intended status: Experimental                              cisco Systems
Expires: July 11, 2013                                       J. Snijders
                                                            InTouch N.V.
                                                         January 7, 2013


                  LISP Canonical Address Format (LCAF)
                        draft-ietf-lisp-lcaf-01

Abstract

   This draft defines a canonical address format encoding used in LISP
   control messages and in the encoding of lookup keys for the LISP
   Mapping Database System.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on July 11, 2013.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.



Farinacci, et al.         Expires July 11, 2013                 [Page 1]
=0C
Internet-Draft    LISP Canonical Address Format (LCAF)      January 2013


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Definition of Terms  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  LISP Canonical Address Format Encodings  . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   4.  LISP Canonical Address Applications  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     4.1.  Segmentation using LISP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     4.2.  Carrying AS Numbers in the Mapping Database  . . . . . . .  8
     4.3.  Convey Application Specific Data . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     4.4.  Assigning Geo Coordinates to Locator Addresses . . . . . . 10
     4.5.  Generic Database Mapping Lookups . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     4.6.  NAT Traversal Scenarios  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     4.7.  PETR Admission Control Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     4.8.  Multicast Group Membership Information . . . . . . . . . . 16
     4.9.  Traffic Engineering using Re-encapsulating Tunnels . . . . 17
     4.10. Storing Security Data in the Mapping Database  . . . . . . 19
     4.11. Source/Destination 2-Tuple Lookups . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     4.12. Applications for AFI List Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       4.12.1.  Binding IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       4.12.2.  Layer-2 VPNs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
       4.12.3.  ASCII Names in the Mapping Database . . . . . . . . . 22
       4.12.4.  Using Recursive LISP Canonical Address Encodings  . . 23
       4.12.5.  Compatibility Mode Use Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
   5.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
   6.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
   7.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
     7.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
     7.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
   Appendix A.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
   Appendix B.  Document Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
     B.1.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-01.txt  . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
     B.2.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-00.txt  . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31


















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1.  Introduction

   The LISP architecture and protocols [LISP] introduces two new
   numbering spaces, Endpoint Identifiers (EIDs) and Routing Locators
   (RLOCs) which are intended to replace most use of IP addresses on the
   Internet.  To provide flexibility for current and future
   applications, these values can be encoded in LISP control messages
   using a general syntax that includes Address Family Identifier (AFI),
   length, and value fields.

   Currently defined AFIs include IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, which are
   formatted according to code-points assigned in [AFI] as follows:

   IPv4 Encoded Address:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI =3D 1            |       IPv4 Address ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     ...  IPv4 Address         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   IPv6 Encoded Address:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI =3D 2            |       IPv6 Address ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     ...  IPv6 Address         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   This document describes the currently-defined AFIs the LISP protocol
   uses along with their encodings and introduces the LISP Canonical
   Address Format (LCAF) that can be used to define the LISP-specific
   encodings for arbitrary AFI values.








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2.  Definition of Terms

   Address Family Identifier (AFI):  a term used to describe an address
      encoding in a packet.  An address family currently defined for
      IPv4 or IPv6 addresses.  See [AFI] and [RFC1700] for details.  The
      reserved AFI value of 0 is used in this specification to indicate
      an unspecified encoded address where the the length of the address
      is 0 bytes following the 16-bit AFI value of 0.

   Unspecified Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI =3D 0            |    <nothing follows AFI=3D0>    =
|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Endpoint ID (EID):   a 32-bit (for IPv4) or 128-bit (for IPv6) value
      used in the source and destination address fields of the first
      (most inner) LISP header of a packet.  The host obtains a
      destination EID the same way it obtains a destination address
      today, for example through a DNS lookup or SIP exchange.  The
      source EID is obtained via existing mechanisms used to set a
      host's "local" IP address.  An EID is allocated to a host from an
      EID-prefix block associated with the site where the host is
      located.  An EID can be used by a host to refer to other hosts.

   Routing Locator (RLOC):   the IPv4 or IPv6 address of an egress
      tunnel router (ETR).  It is the output of a EID-to-RLOC mapping
      lookup.  An EID maps to one or more RLOCs.  Typically, RLOCs are
      numbered from topologically aggregatable blocks that are assigned
      to a site at each point to which it attaches to the global
      Internet; where the topology is defined by the connectivity of
      provider networks, RLOCs can be thought of as PA addresses.
      Multiple RLOCs can be assigned to the same ETR device or to
      multiple ETR devices at a site.















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3.  LISP Canonical Address Format Encodings

   IANA has assigned AFI value 16387 (0x4003) to the LISP architecture
   and protocols.  This specification defines the encoding format of the
   LISP Canonical Address (LCA).

   The first 4 bytes of an LISP Canonical Address are followed by a
   variable length of fields:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |    Type       |     Rsvd2     |            Length             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Rsvd1:  this 8-bit field is reserved for future use and MUST be
      transmitted as 0 and ignored on receipt.

   Flags:  this 8-bit field is for future definition and use.  For now,
      set to zero on transmission and ignored on receipt.

   Type:  this 8-bit field is specific to the LISP Canonical Address
      formatted encodings, values are:

     Type 0:  Null Body Type

     Type 1:  AFI List Type

     Type 2:  Instance ID Type

     Type 3:  AS Number Type

     Type 4:  Application Data Type

     Type 5:  Geo Coordinates Type

     Type 6:  Opaque Key Type

     Type 7:  NAT-Traversal Type

     Type 8:  Nonce Locator Type

     Type 9:  Multicast Info Type






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     Type 10:  Explicit Locator Path Type

     Type 11:  Security Key Type

     Type 12:  Source/Dest Key Type

   Rsvd2:  this 8-bit field is reserved for future use and MUST be
      transmitted as 0 and ignored on receipt.

   Length:  this 16-bit field is in units of bytes and covers all of the
      LISP Canonical Address payload, starting and including the byte
      after the Length field.  So any LCAF encoded address will have a
      minimum length of 8 bytes when the Length field is 0.  The 8 bytes
      include the AFI, Flags, Type, Reserved, and Length fields.  When
      the AFI is not next to encoded address in a control message, then
      the encoded address will have a minimum length of 6 bytes when the
      Length field is 0.  The 6 bytes include the Flags, Type, Reserved,
      and Length fields.

































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4.  LISP Canonical Address Applications

4.1.  Segmentation using LISP

   When multiple organizations inside of a LISP site are using private
   addresses [RFC1918] as EID-prefixes, their address spaces must remain
   segregated due to possible address duplication.  An Instance ID in
   the address encoding can aid in making the entire AFI based address
   unique.

   Another use for the Instance ID LISP Canonical Address Format is when
   creating multiple segmented VPNs inside of a LISP site where keeping
   EID-prefix based subnets is desirable.

   Instance ID LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 2    | IID mask-len  |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                         Instance ID                           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   IID mask-len:  if the AFI is set to 0, then this format is not
      encoding an extended EID-prefix but rather an instance-ID range
      where the 'IID mask-len' indicates the number of high-order bits
      used in the Instance ID field for the range.

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      Instance ID field including the AFI field itself.

   Instance ID:  the low-order 24-bits that can go into a LISP data
      header when the I-bit is set.  See [LISP] for details.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   This LISP Canonical Address Type can be used to encode either EID or
   RLOC addresses.








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4.2.  Carrying AS Numbers in the Mapping Database

   When an AS number is stored in the LISP Mapping Database System for
   either policy or documentation reasons, it can be encoded in a LISP
   Canonical Address.

   AS Number LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 3    |     Rsvd2     |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                           AS Number                           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      AS Number field including the AFI field itself.

   AS Number:  the 32-bit AS number of the autonomous system that has
      been assigned either the EID or RLOC that follows.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   The AS Number Canonical Address Type can be used to encode either EID
   or RLOC addresses.  The former is used to describe the LISP-ALT AS
   number the EID-prefix for the site is being carried for.  The latter
   is used to describe the AS that is carrying RLOC based prefixes in
   the underlying routing system.


















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4.3.  Convey Application Specific Data

   When a locator-set needs to be conveyed based on the type of
   application or the Per-Hop Behavior (PHB) of a packet, the
   Application Data Type can be used.

   Application Data LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 4    |     Rsvd2     |             8 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |       IP TOS, IPv6 TC, or Flow Label          |    Protocol   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           Local Port          |         Remote Port           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      8-byte Application Data fields including the AFI field itself.

   IP TOS, IPv6 TC, or Flow Label:  this field stores the 8-bit IPv4 TOS
      field used in an IPv4 header, the 8-bit IPv6 Traffic Class or Flow
      Label used in an IPv6 header.

   Local Port/Remote Port:  these fields are from the TCP, UDP, or SCTP
      transport header.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   The Application Data Canonical Address Type is used for an EID
   encoding when an ITR wants a locator-set for a specific application.
   When used for an RLOC encoding, the ETR is supplying a locator-set
   for each specific application is has been configured to advertise.













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4.4.  Assigning Geo Coordinates to Locator Addresses

   If an ETR desires to send a Map-Reply describing the Geo Coordinates
   for each locator in its locator-set, it can use the Geo Coordinate
   Type to convey physical location information.

   Coordinates are specified using the WGS-84 (World Geodetic System)
   reference coordinate system [WGS-84].

   Geo Coordinate LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 5    |     Rsvd2     |            12 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |N|     Latitude Degrees        |    Minutes    |    Seconds    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |E|     Longitude Degrees       |    Minutes    |    Seconds    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                            Altitude                           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      8-byte Longitude and Latitude fields including the AFI field
      itself.

   N: When set to 1 means North, otherwise South.

   Latitude Degrees:  Valid values range from 0 to 90 degrees above or
      below the equator (northern or southern hemisphere, respectively).

   Latitude Minutes:  Valid values range from 0 to 59.

   Latitude Seconds:  Valid values range from 0 to 59.

   E: When set to 1 means East, otherwise West.

   Longitude Degrees:  Value values are from 0 to 180 degrees right or
      left of the Prime Meridian.







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   Longitude Minutes:  Valid values range from 0 to 59.

   Longitude Seconds:  Valid values range from 0 to 59.

   Altitude:  Height relative to sea level in meters.  This is a signed
      integer meaning that the altitude could be below sea level.  A
      value of 0x7fffffff indicates no Altitude value is encoded.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   The Geo Coordinates Canonical Address Type can be used to encode
   either EID or RLOC addresses.  When used for EID encodings, you can
   determine the physical location of an EID along with the topological
   location by observing the locator-set.





















4.5.  Generic Database Mapping Lookups

   When the LISP Mapping Database system holds information accessed by a
   generic formatted key (where the key is not the usual IPv4 or IPv6
   address), an opaque key may be desirable.











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   Opaque Key LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 6    |     Rsvd2     |               n               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    | Key Field Num |      Key Wildcard Fields      |   Key . . .   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                       . . . Key                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the type's payload.  The value n
      is the number of bytes that follow this Length field.

   Key Field Num:  the number of fields (minus 1) the key can be broken
      up into.  The width of the fields are fixed length.  So for a key
      size of 8 bytes, with a Key Field Num of 4 allows 4 fields of 2
      bytes in length.  Valid values for this field range from 0 to 15
      supporting a maximum of 16 field separations.

   Key Wildcard Fields:  describes which fields in the key are not used
      as part of the key lookup.  This wildcard encoding is a bitfield.
      Each bit is a don't-care bit for a corresponding field in the key.
      Bit 0 (the low-order bit) in this bitfield corresponds the first
      field, right-justified in the key, bit 1 the second field, and so
      on.  When a bit is set in the bitfield it is a don't-care bit and
      should not be considered as part of the database lookup.  When the
      entire 16-bits is set to 0, then all bits of the key are used for
      the database lookup.

   Key:  the variable length key used to do a LISP Database Mapping
      lookup.  The length of the key is the value n (shown above) minus
      3.















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4.6.  NAT Traversal Scenarios

   When a LISP system is conveying global address and mapped port
   information when traversing through a NAT device, the NAT-Traversal
   LCAF Type is used.  See [LISP-NATT] for details.

   NAT-Traversal Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 7    |     Rsvd2     |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |       MS UDP Port Number      |      ETR UDP Port Number      |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |  Global ETR RLOC Address  ... |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |       MS RLOC Address  ...    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          | Private ETR RLOC Address  ... |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |      RTR RLOC Address 1 ...   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |      RTR RLOC Address k ...   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI addresses that follows
      the UDP Port Number field including the AFI fields themselves.

   MS UDP Port Number:  this is the UDP port number of the Map-Server
      and is set to 4342.

   ETR UDP Port Number:  this is the port number returned to a LISP
      system which was copied from the source port from a packet that
      has flowed through a NAT device.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   Global ETR RLOC Address:  this is an address known to be globally
      unique built by NAT-traversal functionality in a LISP router.

   MS RLOC Address:  this is the address of the Map-Server used in the
      destination RLOC of a packet that has flowed through a NAT device.






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   Private ETR RLOC Address:  this is an address known to be a private
      address inserted in this LCAF format by a LISP router that resides
      on the private side of a NAT device.

   RTR RLOC Address:  this is an encapsulation address used by an ITR or
      PITR which resides behind a NAT device.  This address is known to
      have state in a NAT device so packets can flow from it to the LISP
      ETR behind the NAT.  There can be one or more NTR addresses
      supplied in these set of fields.  The number of NTRs encoded is
      determined by the LCAF length field.  When there are no NTRs
      supplied, the NTR fields can be omitted and reflected by the LCAF
      length field or an AFI of 0 can be used to indicate zero NTRs
      encoded.





















4.7.  PETR Admission Control Functionality

   When a public PETR device wants to verify who is encapsulating to it,
   it can check for a specific nonce value in the LISP encapsulated
   packet.  To convey the nonce to admitted ITRs or PITRs, this LCAF
   format is used in a Map-Register or Map-Reply locator-record.











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   Nonce Locator Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 8    |     Rsvd2     |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Reserved    |                  Nonce                        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      Nonce field including the AFI field itself.

   Reserved:  must be set to zero and ignore on receipt.

   Nonce:  this is a nonce value returned by an ETR in a Map-Reply
      locator-record to be used by an ITR or PITR when encapsulating to
      the locator address encoded in the AFI field of this LCAF type.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].



























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4.8.  Multicast Group Membership Information

   Multicast group information can be published in the mapping database
   so a lookup on an EID based group address can return a replication
   list of group addresses or a unicast addresses for single replication
   or multiple head-end replications.  This LCAF encoding can be used to
   send broadcast packets to all members of a subnet when each EIDs are
   away from their home subnet location.

   Multicast Info Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 9    |  Rsvd2  |R|L|J|             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            Reserved           | Source MaskLen| Group MaskLen |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |   Source/Subnet Address  ...  |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |       Group Address  ...      |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of fields that follow.

   Reserved:  must be set to zero and ignore on receipt.

   R-bit:  this is the RP-bit that represents PIM (S,G,RP-bit) multicast
      state.  This bit can be set for Joins (when the J-bit is set) or
      for Leaves (when the L-bit is set).  See [LISP-MRSIG] for more
      usage details.

   L-bit:  this is the Leave-Request bit and is used when this LCAF type
      is present in the destination EID-prefix field of a Map-Request.
      See [LISP-MRSIG] for details.

   J-bit:  this is the Join-Request bit and is used when this LCAF type
      is present in the destination EID-prefix field of a Map-Request.
      See [LISP-MRSIG] for details.  The J-bit MUST not be set when the
      L-bit is also set in the same LCAF block.  A receiver should not
      take any specific Join or Leave action when both bits are set.

   Source MaskLen:  the mask length of the source prefix that follows.






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   Group MaskLen:  the mask length of the group prefix that follows.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].  When a specific AFI =
has
      its own encoding of a multicast address, this field must be either
      a group address or a broadcast address.





















4.9.  Traffic Engineering using Re-encapsulating Tunnels

   For a given EID lookup into the mapping database, this LCAF format
   can be returned to provide a list of locators in an explicit re-
   encapsulation path.  See [LISP-TE] for details.




















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   Explicit Locator Path (ELP) Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 10   |     Rsvd2     |               n               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |           Rsvd3         |L|P|S|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                         Reencap Hop 1  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |           Rsvd3         |L|P|S|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                         Reencap Hop k  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of fields that follow.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].  When a specific AFI =
has
      its own encoding of a multicast address, this field must be either
      a group address or a broadcast address.

   Lookup bit (L):  this is the Lookup bit used to indicate to the user
      of the ELP to not use this address for encapsulation but to look
      it up in the mapping database system to obtain an encapsulating
      RLOC address.

   RLOC-Probe bit (P):  this is the RLOC-probe bit which means the
      Reencap Hop allows RLOC-probe messages to be sent to it.  When the
      R-bit is set to 0, RLOC-probes must not be sent.  When a Reencap
      Hop is an anycast address then multiple physical Reencap Hops are
      using the same RLOC address.  In this case, RLOC-probes are not
      needed because when the closest RLOC address is not reachable
      another RLOC address can reachable.

   Strict bit (S):  this the strict bit which means the associated
      Rencap Hop is required to be used.  If this bit is 0, the
      reencapsulator can skip this Reencap Hop and go to the next one in
      the list.










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4.10.  Storing Security Data in the Mapping Database

   When a locator in a locator-set has a security key associated with
   it, this LCAF format will be used to encode key material.  See
   [LISP-DDT] for details.

   Security Key Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 11   |      Rsvd2    |             6 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Key Count   |      Rsvd3    | Key Algorithm |   Rsvd4     |R|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           Key Length          |       Key Material ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        ... Key Material                       |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |       Locator Address ...     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of fields that start with the Key
      Material field.

   Key Count:  the Key Count field declares the number of Key sections
      included in this LCAF.

   Key Algorithm:  the Algorithm field identifies the key's
      cryptographic algorithm and specifies the format of the Public Key
      field.

   R bit:  this is the revoke bit and, if set, it specifies that this
      Key is being Revoked.

   Key Length:  this field determines the length in bytes of the Key
      Material field.

   Key Material:  the Key Material field stores the key material.  The
      format of the key material stored depends on the Key Algorithm
      field.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].This is the locator
      address that owns the encoded security key.





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4.11.  Source/Destination 2-Tuple Lookups

   When both a source and destination address of a flow needs
   consideration for different locator-sets, this 2-tuple key is used in
   EID fields in LISP control messages.  When the Source/Dest key is
   registered to the mapping database, it can be encoded as a source-
   prefix and destination-prefix.  When the Source/Dest is used as a key
   for a mapping database lookup the source and destination come from a
   data packet.

   Source/Dest Key Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 12   |     Rsvd2     |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            Reserved           |   Source-ML   |    Dest-ML    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |         Source-Prefix ...     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D x          |     Destination-Prefix ...    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of fields that follow.

   Reserved:  must be set to zero and ignore on receipt.

   Source-ML:  the mask length of the source prefix that follows.

   Dest-ML:  the mask length of the destination prefix that follows.

   AFI =3D x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].  When a specific AFI =
has
      its own encoding of a multicast address, this field must be either
      a group address or a broadcast address.

   Refer to [LISP-TE] for usage details.












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4.12.  Applications for AFI List Type

4.12.1.  Binding IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses

   When header translation between IPv4 and IPv6 is desirable a LISP
   Canonical Address can use the AFI List Type to carry multiple AFIs in
   one LCA AFI.

   Bounded Address LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 1    |     Rsvd2     |         2 + 4 + 2 + 16        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI =3D 1            |       IPv4 Address ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     ...  IPv4 Address         |            AFI =3D 2            |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                          IPv6 Address ...                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address                         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length:  length in bytes is fixed at 24 when IPv4 and IPv6 AFI
      encoded addresses are used.

   This type of address format can be included in a Map-Request when the
   address is being used as an EID, but the Mapping Database System
   lookup destination can use only the IPv4 address.  This is so a
   Mapping Database Service Transport System, such as LISP-ALT [ALT],
   can use the Map-Request destination address to route the control
   message to the desired LISP site.












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4.12.2.  Layer-2 VPNs

   When MAC addresses are stored in the LISP Mapping Database System,
   the AFI List Type can be used to carry AFI 6.

   MAC Address LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 1    |     Rsvd2     |             2 + 6             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |             AFI =3D 6           |    Layer-2 MAC Address  ...   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                    ... Layer-2 MAC Address                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length:  length in bytes is fixed at 8 when MAC address AFI encoded
      addresses are used.

   This address format can be used to connect layer-2 domains together
   using LISP over an IPv4 or IPv6 core network to create a layer-2 VPN.
   In this use-case, a MAC address is being used as an EID, and the
   locator-set that this EID maps to can be an IPv4 or IPv6 RLOCs, or
   even another MAC address being used as an RLOC.

4.12.3.  ASCII Names in the Mapping Database

   If DNS names or URIs are stored in the LISP Mapping Database System,
   the AFI List Type can be used to carry an ASCII string where it is
   delimited by length 'n' of the LCAF Length encoding.

   ASCII LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 1    |     Rsvd2     |             2 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |             AFI =3D 17          |      DNS Name or URI  ...     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+






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   Length value n:  length in bytes AFI=3D17 field and the =
null-terminated
      ASCII string (the last byte of 0 is included).

4.12.4.  Using Recursive LISP Canonical Address Encodings

   When any combination of above is desirable, the AFI List Type value
   can be used to carry within the LCA AFI another LCA AFI.

   Recursive LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 1    |     Rsvd2     |         4 + 8 + 2 + 4         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 4    |     Rsvd2     |              12               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   IP TOS, IPv6 QQS or Flow Label              |    Protocol   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           Local Port          |         Remote Port           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI =3D 1            |       IPv4 Address ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     ...  IPv4 Address         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length:  length in bytes is fixed at 18 when an AFI=3D1 IPv4 address =
is
      included.

   This format could be used by a Mapping Database Transport System,
   such as LISP-ALT [ALT], where the AFI=3D1 IPv4 address is used as an
   EID and placed in the Map-Request destination address by the sending
   LISP system.  The ALT system can deliver the Map-Request to the LISP
   destination site independent of the Application Data Type AFI payload
   values.  When this AFI is processed by the destination LISP site, it
   can return different locator-sets based on the type of application or
   level of service that is being requested.










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4.12.5.  Compatibility Mode Use Case

   A LISP system should use the AFI List Type format when sending to
   LISP systems that do not support a particular LCAF Type used to
   encode locators.  This allows the receiving system to be able to
   parse a locator address for encapsulation purposes.  The list of AFIs
   in an AFI List LCAF Type has no semantic ordering and a receiver
   should parse each AFI element no matter what the ordering.

   Compatibility Mode Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 1    |     Rsvd2     |            22 + 6             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI =3D 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type =3D 5    |     Rsvd2     |            12 + 2             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |N|     Latitude Degrees        |    Minutes    |    Seconds    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |E|     Longitude Degrees       |    Minutes    |    Seconds    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                            Altitude                           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI =3D 0          |           AFI =3D 1             =
|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                          IPv4 Address                         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   If a system does not recognized the Geo Coordinate LCAF Type that is
   accompanying a locator address, an encoder can include the Geo
   Coordinate LCAF Type embedded in a AFI List LCAF Type where the AFI
   in the Geo Coordinate LCAF is set to 0 and the AFI encoded next in
   the list is encoded with a valid AFI value to identify the locator
   address.

   A LISP system is required to support the AFI List LCAF Type to use
   this procedure.  It would skip over 10 bytes of the Geo Coordinate
   LCAF Type to get to the locator address encoding (an IPv4 locator
   address).  A LISP system that does support the Geo Coordinate LCAF
   Type can support parsing the locator address within the Geo
   Coordinate LCAF encoding or in the locator encoding that follows in
   the AFI List LCAF.




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5.  Security Considerations

   There are no security considerations for this specification.  The
   security considerations are documented for the protocols that use
   LISP Canonical Addressing.  Refer to the those relevant
   specifications.













































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6.  IANA Considerations

   The Address Family AFI definitions from [AFI] only allocate code-
   points for the AFI value itself.  The length of the address or entity
   that follows is not defined and is implied based on conventional
   experience.  Where the LISP protocol uses LISP Canonical Addresses
   specifically, the address length definitions will be in this
   specification and take precedent over any other specification.

   An IANA Registry for LCAF Type values will be created.  The values
   that are considered for use by the main LISP specification [LISP]
   will be in the IANA Registry.  Other Type values used for
   experimentation will be defined and described in this document.






































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7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [RFC1700]  Reynolds, J. and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", RFC 1700,
              October 1994.

   [RFC1918]  Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and
              E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets",
              BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996.

7.2.  Informative References

   [AFI]      IANA, "Address Family Identifier (AFIs)", ADDRESS FAMILY
              NUMBERS http://www.iana.org/numbers.html, Febuary 2007.

   [ALT]      Fuller, V., Farinacci, D., Meyer, D., and D. Lewis, "LISP
              Alternative Topology (LISP+ALT)",
              draft-ietf-lisp-alt-06.txt (work in progress), March 2011.

   [LISP]     Farinacci, D., Fuller, V., Meyer, D., and D. Lewis,
              "Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)",
              draft-ietf-lisp-12.txt (work in progress), April 2011.

   [LISP-DDT]
              Fuller, V., Lewis, D., and V. Ermagan, "LISP Delegated
              Database Tree", draft-fuller-lisp-ddt-01.txt (work in
              progress).

   [LISP-MRSIG]
              Farinacci, D. and M. Napierala, "LISP Control-Plane
              Multicast Signaling",
              draft-farinacci-lisp-mr-signaling-00.txt (work in
              progress).

   [LISP-NATT]
              Ermagan, V., Farinacci, D., Lewis, D., Skriver, J., Maino,
              F., and C. White, "NAT traversal for LISP",
              draft-ermagan-lisp-nat-traversal-00.txt (work in
              progress).

   [LISP-TE]  Farinacci, D., Lahiri, P., and M. Kowal, "LISP Traffic
              Engineering Use-Cases", draft-farinacci-lisp-te-01.txt
              (work in progress).

   [WGS-84]   Geodesy and Geophysics Department, DoD., "World Geodetic
              System 1984", NIMA TR8350.2, January 2000, <http://
              earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/publications/tr8350.2/



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              wgs84fin.pdf>.


















































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Appendix A.  Acknowledgments

   The authors would like to thank Vince Fuller, Gregg Schudel, Jesper
   Skriver, Luigi Iannone, Isidor Kouvelas, and Sander Steffann for
   their technical and editorial commentary.

   The authors would like to thank Victor Moreno for discussions that
   lead to the definition of the Multicast Info LCAF type.

   The authors would like to thank Parantap Lahiri and Michael Kowal for
   discussions that lead to the definition of the Explicit Locator Path
   (ELP) LCAF type.

   The authors would like to thank Fabio Maino and Vina Ermagan for
   discussions that lead to the definition of the Security Key LCAF
   type.

   Thanks also goes to Terry Manderson for assistance obtaining a LISP
   AFI value from IANA.
































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Appendix B.  Document Change Log

B.1.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-01.txt

   o  Submitted January 2013.

   o  Change longitude range from 0-90 to 0-180 in section 4.4.

   o  Added reference to WGS-84 in section 4.4.

B.2.  Changes to draft-ietf-lisp-00.txt

   o  Posted first working group draft August 2012.

   o  This draft was renamed from draft-farinacci-lisp-lcaf-10.txt.




































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Authors' Addresses

   Dino Farinacci
   cisco Systems
   Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: farinacci@gmail.com


   Dave Meyer
   cisco Systems
   170 Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA
   USA

   Email: dmm@cisco.com


   Job Snijders
   InTouch N.V.
   Middenweg 76
   1097 BS Amsterdam
   The Netherlands

   Email: job@instituut.net
























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<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"><title>wdiff draft-ietf-lisp-lcaf-00.txt draft-ietf-lisp-lcaf-01.txt</title></head><body>
<pre>
Network Working Group                                       D. Farinacci
Internet-Draft                                                  D. Meyer
Intended status: Experimental                              cisco Systems
Expires: <strike><font color="red">March 3,</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">July 11,</font></strong> 2013                                       J. Snijders
                                                            InTouch N.V.
                                                         <strike><font color="red">August 30, 2012</font></strike>
                                                         <strong><font color="green">January 7, 2013</font></strong>

                  LISP Canonical Address Format (LCAF)
                        <strike><font color="red">draft-ietf-lisp-lcaf-00</font></strike>
                        <strong><font color="green">draft-ietf-lisp-lcaf-01</font></strong>

Abstract

   This draft defines a canonical address format encoding used in LISP
   control messages and in the encoding of lookup keys for the LISP
   Mapping Database System.

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on <strike><font color="red">March 3,</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">July 11,</font></strong> 2013.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) <strike><font color="red">2012</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">2013</font></strong> IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Definition of Terms  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
   3.  LISP Canonical Address Format Encodings  . . . . . . . . . . .  5
   4.  LISP Canonical Address Applications  . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     4.1.  Segmentation using LISP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     4.2.  Carrying AS Numbers in the Mapping Database  . . . . . . .  8
     4.3.  Convey Application Specific Data . . . . . . . . . . . . .  9
     4.4.  Assigning Geo Coordinates to Locator Addresses . . . . . . 10
     4.5.  Generic Database Mapping Lookups . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     4.6.  NAT Traversal Scenarios  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     4.7.  PETR Admission Control Functionality . . . . . . . . . . . 14
     4.8.  Multicast Group Membership Information . . . . . . . . . . 16
     4.9.  Traffic Engineering using Re-encapsulating Tunnels . . . . 17
     4.10. Storing Security Data in the Mapping Database  . . . . . . 19
     4.11. Source/Destination 2-Tuple Lookups . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     4.12. Applications for AFI List Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       4.12.1.  Binding IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . 21
       4.12.2.  Layer-2 VPNs  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
       4.12.3.  ASCII Names in the Mapping Database . . . . . . . . . 22
       4.12.4.  Using Recursive LISP Canonical Address Encodings  . . 23
       4.12.5.  Compatibility Mode Use Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
   5.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
   6.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
   7.  References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
     7.1.  Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
     7.2.  Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
   Appendix A.  Acknowledgments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <strike><font color="red">28</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">29</font></strong>
   Appendix B.  Document Change Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <strike><font color="red">29</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">30</font></strong>
     B.1.  Changes to <strong><font color="green">draft-ietf-lisp-01.txt  . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
     B.2.  Changes to</font></strong> draft-ietf-lisp-00.txt  . . . . . . . . . . . . <strike><font color="red">29</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">30</font></strong>
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <strike><font color="red">30</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">31</font></strong>

1.  Introduction

   The LISP architecture and protocols [LISP] introduces two new
   numbering spaces, Endpoint Identifiers (EIDs) and Routing Locators
   (RLOCs) which are intended to replace most use of IP addresses on the
   Internet.  To provide flexibility for current and future
   applications, these values can be encoded in LISP control messages
   using a general syntax that includes Address Family Identifier (AFI),
   length, and value fields.

   Currently defined AFIs include IPv4 and IPv6 addresses, which are
   formatted according to code-points assigned in [AFI] as follows:

   IPv4 Encoded Address:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI = 1            |       IPv4 Address ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     ...  IPv4 Address         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   IPv6 Encoded Address:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI = 2            |       IPv6 Address ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     ...  IPv6 Address         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   This document describes the currently-defined AFIs the LISP protocol
   uses along with their encodings and introduces the LISP Canonical
   Address Format (LCAF) that can be used to define the LISP-specific
   encodings for arbitrary AFI values.

2.  Definition of Terms

   Address Family Identifier (AFI):  a term used to describe an address
      encoding in a packet.  An address family currently defined for
      IPv4 or IPv6 addresses.  See [AFI] and [RFC1700] for details.  The
      reserved AFI value of 0 is used in this specification to indicate
      an unspecified encoded address where the the length of the address
      is 0 bytes following the 16-bit AFI value of 0.

   Unspecified Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI = 0            |    &lt;nothing follows AFI=0&gt;    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Endpoint ID (EID):   a 32-bit (for IPv4) or 128-bit (for IPv6) value
      used in the source and destination address fields of the first
      (most inner) LISP header of a packet.  The host obtains a
      destination EID the same way it obtains a destination address
      today, for example through a DNS lookup or SIP exchange.  The
      source EID is obtained via existing mechanisms used to set a
      host's "local" IP address.  An EID is allocated to a host from an
      EID-prefix block associated with the site where the host is
      located.  An EID can be used by a host to refer to other hosts.

   Routing Locator (RLOC):   the IPv4 or IPv6 address of an egress
      tunnel router (ETR).  It is the output of a EID-to-RLOC mapping
      lookup.  An EID maps to one or more RLOCs.  Typically, RLOCs are
      numbered from topologically aggregatable blocks that are assigned
      to a site at each point to which it attaches to the global
      Internet; where the topology is defined by the connectivity of
      provider networks, RLOCs can be thought of as PA addresses.
      Multiple RLOCs can be assigned to the same ETR device or to
      multiple ETR devices at a site.

3.  LISP Canonical Address Format Encodings

   IANA has assigned AFI value 16387 (0x4003) to the LISP architecture
   and protocols.  This specification defines the encoding format of the
   LISP Canonical Address (LCA).

   The first 4 bytes of an LISP Canonical Address are followed by a
   variable length of fields:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |    Type       |     Rsvd2     |            Length             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Rsvd1:  this 8-bit field is reserved for future use and MUST be
      transmitted as 0 and ignored on receipt.

   Flags:  this 8-bit field is for future definition and use.  For now,
      set to zero on transmission and ignored on receipt.

   Type:  this 8-bit field is specific to the LISP Canonical Address
      formatted encodings, values are:

     Type 0:  Null Body Type

     Type 1:  AFI List Type

     Type 2:  Instance ID Type

     Type 3:  AS Number Type

     Type 4:  Application Data Type

     Type 5:  Geo Coordinates Type

     Type 6:  Opaque Key Type

     Type 7:  NAT-Traversal Type

     Type 8:  Nonce Locator Type

     Type 9:  Multicast Info Type
     Type 10:  Explicit Locator Path Type

     Type 11:  Security Key Type

     Type 12:  Source/Dest Key Type

   Rsvd2:  this 8-bit field is reserved for future use and MUST be
      transmitted as 0 and ignored on receipt.

   Length:  this 16-bit field is in units of bytes and covers all of the
      LISP Canonical Address payload, starting and including the byte
      after the Length field.  So any LCAF encoded address will have a
      minimum length of 8 bytes when the Length field is 0.  The 8 bytes
      include the AFI, Flags, Type, Reserved, and Length fields.  When
      the AFI is not next to encoded address in a control message, then
      the encoded address will have a minimum length of 6 bytes when the
      Length field is 0.  The 6 bytes include the Flags, Type, Reserved,
      and Length fields.

4.  LISP Canonical Address Applications

4.1.  Segmentation using LISP

   When multiple organizations inside of a LISP site are using private
   addresses [RFC1918] as EID-prefixes, their address spaces must remain
   segregated due to possible address duplication.  An Instance ID in
   the address encoding can aid in making the entire AFI based address
   unique.

   Another use for the Instance ID LISP Canonical Address Format is when
   creating multiple segmented VPNs inside of a LISP site where keeping
   EID-prefix based subnets is desirable.

   Instance ID LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 2    | IID mask-len  |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                         Instance ID                           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   IID mask-len:  if the AFI is set to 0, then this format is not
      encoding an extended EID-prefix but rather an instance-ID range
      where the 'IID mask-len' indicates the number of high-order bits
      used in the Instance ID field for the range.

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      Instance ID field including the AFI field itself.

   Instance ID:  the low-order 24-bits that can go into a LISP data
      header when the I-bit is set.  See [LISP] for details.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   This LISP Canonical Address Type can be used to encode either EID or
   RLOC addresses.

4.2.  Carrying AS Numbers in the Mapping Database

   When an AS number is stored in the LISP Mapping Database System for
   either policy or documentation reasons, it can be encoded in a LISP
   Canonical Address.

   AS Number LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 3    |     Rsvd2     |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                           AS Number                           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      AS Number field including the AFI field itself.

   AS Number:  the 32-bit AS number of the autonomous system that has
      been assigned either the EID or RLOC that follows.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   The AS Number Canonical Address Type can be used to encode either EID
   or RLOC addresses.  The former is used to describe the LISP-ALT AS
   number the EID-prefix for the site is being carried for.  The latter
   is used to describe the AS that is carrying RLOC based prefixes in
   the underlying routing system.

4.3.  Convey Application Specific Data

   When a locator-set needs to be conveyed based on the type of
   application or the Per-Hop Behavior (PHB) of a packet, the
   Application Data Type can be used.

   Application Data LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 4    |     Rsvd2     |             8 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |       IP TOS, IPv6 TC, or Flow Label          |    Protocol   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           Local Port          |         Remote Port           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      8-byte Application Data fields including the AFI field itself.

   IP TOS, IPv6 TC, or Flow Label:  this field stores the 8-bit IPv4 TOS
      field used in an IPv4 header, the 8-bit IPv6 Traffic Class or Flow
      Label used in an IPv6 header.

   Local Port/Remote Port:  these fields are from the TCP, UDP, or SCTP
      transport header.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   The Application Data Canonical Address Type is used for an EID
   encoding when an ITR wants a locator-set for a specific application.
   When used for an RLOC encoding, the ETR is supplying a locator-set
   for each specific application is has been configured to advertise.

4.4.  Assigning Geo Coordinates to Locator Addresses

   If an ETR desires to send a Map-Reply describing the Geo Coordinates
   for each locator in its locator-set, it can use the Geo Coordinate
   Type to convey physical location information.

   <strong><font color="green">Coordinates are specified using the WGS-84 (World Geodetic System)
   reference coordinate system [WGS-84].</font></strong>

   Geo Coordinate LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 5    |     Rsvd2     |            12 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |N|     Latitude Degrees        |    Minutes    |    Seconds    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |E|     Longitude Degrees       |    Minutes    |    Seconds    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                            Altitude                           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      8-byte Longitude and Latitude fields including the AFI field
      itself.

   N: When set to 1 means North, otherwise South.

   Latitude Degrees:  Valid values range from 0 to <strike><font color="red">90.</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">90</font></strong> degrees above or
      below the equator (northern or southern hemisphere, respectively).

   Latitude Minutes:  Valid values range from 0 to 59.

   Latitude Seconds:  Valid values range from 0 to 59.

   E: When set to 1 means East, otherwise West.

   Longitude Degrees:  Value values are from 0 to <strike><font color="red">90</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">180</font></strong> degrees right or
      left of the Prime Meridian.

   Longitude Minutes:  Valid values range from 0 to 59.

   Longitude Seconds:  Valid values range from 0 to 59.

   Altitude:  Height relative to sea level in meters.  This is a signed
      integer meaning that the altitude could be below sea level.  A
      value of 0x7fffffff indicates no Altitude value is encoded.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   The Geo Coordinates Canonical Address Type can be used to encode
   either EID or RLOC addresses.  When used for EID encodings, you can
   determine the physical location of an EID along with the topological
   location by observing the locator-set.

4.5.  Generic Database Mapping Lookups

   When the LISP Mapping Database system holds information accessed by a
   generic formatted key (where the key is not the usual IPv4 or IPv6
   address), an opaque key may be desirable.

   Opaque Key LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 6    |     Rsvd2     |               n               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    | Key Field Num |      Key Wildcard Fields      |   Key . . .   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                       . . . Key                               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the type's payload.  The value n
      is the number of bytes that follow this Length field.

   Key Field Num:  the number of fields (minus 1) the key can be broken
      up into.  The width of the fields are fixed length.  So for a key
      size of 8 bytes, with a Key Field Num of 4 allows 4 fields of 2
      bytes in length.  Valid values for this field range from 0 to 15
      supporting a maximum of 16 field separations.

   Key Wildcard Fields:  describes which fields in the key are not used
      as part of the key lookup.  This wildcard encoding is a bitfield.
      Each bit is a don't-care bit for a corresponding field in the key.
      Bit 0 (the low-order bit) in this bitfield corresponds the first
      field, right-justified in the key, bit 1 the second field, and so
      on.  When a bit is set in the bitfield it is a don't-care bit and
      should not be considered as part of the database lookup.  When the
      entire 16-bits is set to 0, then all bits of the key are used for
      the database lookup.

   Key:  the variable length key used to do a LISP Database Mapping
      lookup.  The length of the key is the value n (shown above) minus
      3.

4.6.  NAT Traversal Scenarios

   When a LISP system is conveying global address and mapped port
   information when traversing through a NAT device, the NAT-Traversal
   LCAF Type is used.  See [LISP-NATT] for details.

   NAT-Traversal Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 7    |     Rsvd2     |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |       MS UDP Port Number      |      ETR UDP Port Number      |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |  Global ETR RLOC Address  ... |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |       MS RLOC Address  ...    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          | Private ETR RLOC Address  ... |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |      RTR RLOC Address 1 ...   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |      RTR RLOC Address k ...   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI addresses that follows
      the UDP Port Number field including the AFI fields themselves.

   MS UDP Port Number:  this is the UDP port number of the Map-Server
      and is set to 4342.

   ETR UDP Port Number:  this is the port number returned to a LISP
      system which was copied from the source port from a packet that
      has flowed through a NAT device.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

   Global ETR RLOC Address:  this is an address known to be globally
      unique built by NAT-traversal functionality in a LISP router.

   MS RLOC Address:  this is the address of the Map-Server used in the
      destination RLOC of a packet that has flowed through a NAT device.

   Private ETR RLOC Address:  this is an address known to be a private
      address inserted in this LCAF format by a LISP router that resides
      on the private side of a NAT device.

   RTR RLOC Address:  this is an encapsulation address used by an ITR or
      PITR which resides behind a NAT device.  This address is known to
      have state in a NAT device so packets can flow from it to the LISP
      ETR behind the NAT.  There can be one or more NTR addresses
      supplied in these set of fields.  The number of NTRs encoded is
      determined by the LCAF length field.  When there are no NTRs
      supplied, the NTR fields can be omitted and reflected by the LCAF
      length field or an AFI of 0 can be used to indicate zero NTRs
      encoded.

4.7.  PETR Admission Control Functionality

   When a public PETR device wants to verify who is encapsulating to it,
   it can check for a specific nonce value in the LISP encapsulated
   packet.  To convey the nonce to admitted ITRs or PITRs, this LCAF
   format is used in a Map-Register or Map-Reply locator-record.

   Nonce Locator Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 8    |     Rsvd2     |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Reserved    |                  Nonce                        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |         Address  ...          |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of the AFI address that follows the
      Nonce field including the AFI field itself.

   Reserved:  must be set to zero and ignore on receipt.

   Nonce:  this is a nonce value returned by an ETR in a Map-Reply
      locator-record to be used by an ITR or PITR when encapsulating to
      the locator address encoded in the AFI field of this LCAF type.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].

4.8.  Multicast Group Membership Information

   Multicast group information can be published in the mapping database
   so a lookup on an EID based group address can return a replication
   list of group addresses or a unicast addresses for single replication
   or multiple head-end replications.  This LCAF encoding can be used to
   send broadcast packets to all members of a subnet when each EIDs are
   away from their home subnet location.

   Multicast Info Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 9    |  Rsvd2  |R|L|J|             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            Reserved           | Source MaskLen| Group MaskLen |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |   Source/Subnet Address  ...  |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |       Group Address  ...      |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of fields that follow.

   Reserved:  must be set to zero and ignore on receipt.

   R-bit:  this is the RP-bit that represents PIM (S,G,RP-bit) multicast
      state.  This bit can be set for Joins (when the J-bit is set) or
      for Leaves (when the L-bit is set).  See [LISP-MRSIG] for more
      usage details.

   L-bit:  this is the Leave-Request bit and is used when this LCAF type
      is present in the destination EID-prefix field of a Map-Request.
      See [LISP-MRSIG] for details.

   J-bit:  this is the Join-Request bit and is used when this LCAF type
      is present in the destination EID-prefix field of a Map-Request.
      See [LISP-MRSIG] for details.  The J-bit MUST not be set when the
      L-bit is also set in the same LCAF block.  A receiver should not
      take any specific Join or Leave action when both bits are set.

   Source MaskLen:  the mask length of the source prefix that follows.

   Group MaskLen:  the mask length of the group prefix that follows.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].  When a specific AFI has
      its own encoding of a multicast address, this field must be either
      a group address or a broadcast address.

4.9.  Traffic Engineering using Re-encapsulating Tunnels

   For a given EID lookup into the mapping database, this LCAF format
   can be returned to provide a list of locators in an explicit re-
   encapsulation path.  See [LISP-TE] for details.

   Explicit Locator Path (ELP) Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 10   |     Rsvd2     |               n               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |           Rsvd3         |L|P|S|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                         Reencap Hop 1  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |           Rsvd3         |L|P|S|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                         Reencap Hop k  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of fields that follow.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].  When a specific AFI has
      its own encoding of a multicast address, this field must be either
      a group address or a broadcast address.

   Lookup bit (L):  this is the Lookup bit used to indicate to the user
      of the ELP to not use this address for encapsulation but to look
      it up in the mapping database system to obtain an encapsulating
      RLOC address.

   RLOC-Probe bit (P):  this is the RLOC-probe bit which means the
      Reencap Hop allows RLOC-probe messages to be sent to it.  When the
      R-bit is set to 0, RLOC-probes must not be sent.  When a Reencap
      Hop is an anycast address then multiple physical Reencap Hops are
      using the same RLOC address.  In this case, RLOC-probes are not
      needed because when the closest RLOC address is not reachable
      another RLOC address can reachable.

   Strict bit (S):  this the strict bit which means the associated
      Rencap Hop is required to be used.  If this bit is 0, the
      reencapsulator can skip this Reencap Hop and go to the next one in
      the list.

4.10.  Storing Security Data in the Mapping Database

   When a locator in a locator-set has a security key associated with
   it, this LCAF format will be used to encode key material.  See
   [LISP-DDT] for details.

   Security Key Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 11   |      Rsvd2    |             6 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Key Count   |      Rsvd3    | Key Algorithm |   Rsvd4     |R|
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           Key Length          |       Key Material ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                        ... Key Material                       |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |       Locator Address ...     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of fields that start with the Key
      Material field.

   Key Count:  the Key Count field declares the number of Key sections
      included in this LCAF.

   Key Algorithm:  the Algorithm field identifies the key's
      cryptographic algorithm and specifies the format of the Public Key
      field.

   R bit:  this is the revoke bit and, if set, it specifies that this
      Key is being Revoked.

   Key Length:  this field determines the length in bytes of the Key
      Material field.

   Key Material:  the Key Material field stores the key material.  The
      format of the key material stored depends on the Key Algorithm
      field.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].This is the locator
      address that owns the encoded security key.

4.11.  Source/Destination 2-Tuple Lookups

   When both a source and destination address of a flow needs
   consideration for different locator-sets, this 2-tuple key is used in
   EID fields in LISP control messages.  When the Source/Dest key is
   registered to the mapping database, it can be encoded as a source-
   prefix and destination-prefix.  When the Source/Dest is used as a key
   for a mapping database lookup the source and destination come from a
   data packet.

   Source/Dest Key Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 12   |     Rsvd2     |             4 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            Reserved           |   Source-ML   |    Dest-ML    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |         Source-Prefix ...     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = x          |     Destination-Prefix ...    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes of fields that follow.

   Reserved:  must be set to zero and ignore on receipt.

   Source-ML:  the mask length of the source prefix that follows.

   Dest-ML:  the mask length of the destination prefix that follows.

   AFI = x:  x can be any AFI value from [AFI].  When a specific AFI has
      its own encoding of a multicast address, this field must be either
      a group address or a broadcast address.

   Refer to [LISP-TE] for usage details.

4.12.  Applications for AFI List Type

4.12.1.  Binding IPv4 and IPv6 Addresses

   When header translation between IPv4 and IPv6 is desirable a LISP
   Canonical Address can use the AFI List Type to carry multiple AFIs in
   one LCA AFI.

   Bounded Address LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 1    |     Rsvd2     |         2 + 4 + 2 + 16        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI = 1            |       IPv4 Address ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     ...  IPv4 Address         |            AFI = 2            |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                          IPv6 Address ...                     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address  ...                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                     ...  IPv6 Address                         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length:  length in bytes is fixed at 24 when IPv4 and IPv6 AFI
      encoded addresses are used.

   This type of address format can be included in a Map-Request when the
   address is being used as an EID, but the Mapping Database System
   lookup destination can use only the IPv4 address.  This is so a
   Mapping Database Service Transport System, such as LISP-ALT [ALT],
   can use the Map-Request destination address to route the control
   message to the desired LISP site.

4.12.2.  Layer-2 VPNs

   When MAC addresses are stored in the LISP Mapping Database System,
   the AFI List Type can be used to carry AFI 6.

   MAC Address LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 1    |     Rsvd2     |             2 + 6             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |             AFI = 6           |    Layer-2 MAC Address  ...   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                    ... Layer-2 MAC Address                    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length:  length in bytes is fixed at 8 when MAC address AFI encoded
      addresses are used.

   This address format can be used to connect layer-2 domains together
   using LISP over an IPv4 or IPv6 core network to create a layer-2 VPN.
   In this use-case, a MAC address is being used as an EID, and the
   locator-set that this EID maps to can be an IPv4 or IPv6 RLOCs, or
   even another MAC address being used as an RLOC.

4.12.3.  ASCII Names in the Mapping Database

   If DNS names or URIs are stored in the LISP Mapping Database System,
   the AFI List Type can be used to carry an ASCII string where it is
   delimited by length 'n' of the LCAF Length encoding.

   ASCII LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 1    |     Rsvd2     |             2 + n             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |             AFI = 17          |      DNS Name or URI  ...     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length value n:  length in bytes AFI=17 field and the null-terminated
      ASCII string (the last byte of 0 is included).

4.12.4.  Using Recursive LISP Canonical Address Encodings

   When any combination of above is desirable, the AFI List Type value
   can be used to carry within the LCA AFI another LCA AFI.

   Recursive LISP Canonical Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 1    |     Rsvd2     |         4 + 8 + 2 + 4         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 4    |     Rsvd2     |              12               |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   IP TOS, IPv6 QQS or Flow Label              |    Protocol   |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           Local Port          |         Remote Port           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |            AFI = 1            |       IPv4 Address ...        |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |     ...  IPv4 Address         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   Length:  length in bytes is fixed at 18 when an AFI=1 IPv4 address is
      included.

   This format could be used by a Mapping Database Transport System,
   such as LISP-ALT [ALT], where the AFI=1 IPv4 address is used as an
   EID and placed in the Map-Request destination address by the sending
   LISP system.  The ALT system can deliver the Map-Request to the LISP
   destination site independent of the Application Data Type AFI payload
   values.  When this AFI is processed by the destination LISP site, it
   can return different locator-sets based on the type of application or
   level of service that is being requested.

4.12.5.  Compatibility Mode Use Case

   A LISP system should use the AFI List Type format when sending to
   LISP systems that do not support a particular LCAF Type used to
   encode locators.  This allows the receiving system to be able to
   parse a locator address for encapsulation purposes.  The list of AFIs
   in an AFI List LCAF Type has no semantic ordering and a receiver
   should parse each AFI element no matter what the ordering.

   Compatibility Mode Address Format:

     0                   1                   2                   3
     0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 1    |     Rsvd2     |            22 + 6             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |           AFI = 16387         |     Rsvd1     |     Flags     |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |   Type = 5    |     Rsvd2     |            12 + 2             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |N|     Latitude Degrees        |    Minutes    |    Seconds    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |E|     Longitude Degrees       |    Minutes    |    Seconds    |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                            Altitude                           |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |              AFI = 0          |           AFI = 1             |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
    |                          IPv4 Address                         |
    +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

   If a system does not recognized the Geo Coordinate LCAF Type that is
   accompanying a locator address, an encoder can include the Geo
   Coordinate LCAF Type embedded in a AFI List LCAF Type where the AFI
   in the Geo Coordinate LCAF is set to 0 and the AFI encoded next in
   the list is encoded with a valid AFI value to identify the locator
   address.

   A LISP system is required to support the AFI List LCAF Type to use
   this procedure.  It would skip over 10 bytes of the Geo Coordinate
   LCAF Type to get to the locator address encoding (an IPv4 locator
   address).  A LISP system that does support the Geo Coordinate LCAF
   Type can support parsing the locator address within the Geo
   Coordinate LCAF encoding or in the locator encoding that follows in
   the AFI List LCAF.

5.  Security Considerations

   There are no security considerations for this specification.  The
   security considerations are documented for the protocols that use
   LISP Canonical Addressing.  Refer to the those relevant
   specifications.

6.  IANA Considerations

   The Address Family AFI definitions from [AFI] only allocate code-
   points for the AFI value itself.  The length of the address or entity
   that follows is not defined and is implied based on conventional
   experience.  Where the LISP protocol uses LISP Canonical Addresses
   specifically, the address length definitions will be in this
   specification and take precedent over any other specification.

   An IANA Registry for LCAF Type values will be created.  The values
   that are considered for use by the main LISP specification [LISP]
   will be in the IANA Registry.  Other Type values used for
   experimentation will be defined and described in this document.

7.  References

7.1.  Normative References

   [RFC1700]  Reynolds, J. and J. Postel, "Assigned Numbers", RFC 1700,
              October 1994.

   [RFC1918]  Rekhter, Y., Moskowitz, R., Karrenberg, D., Groot, G., and
              E. Lear, "Address Allocation for Private Internets",
              BCP 5, RFC 1918, February 1996.

7.2.  Informative References

   [AFI]      IANA, "Address Family Identifier (AFIs)", ADDRESS FAMILY
              NUMBERS http://www.iana.org/numbers.html, Febuary 2007.

   [ALT]      Fuller, V., Farinacci, D., Meyer, D., and D. Lewis, "LISP
              Alternative Topology (LISP+ALT)",
              draft-ietf-lisp-alt-06.txt (work in progress), March 2011.

   [LISP]     Farinacci, D., Fuller, V., Meyer, D., and D. Lewis,
              "Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)",
              draft-ietf-lisp-12.txt (work in progress), April 2011.

   [LISP-DDT]
              Fuller, V., Lewis, D., and V. Ermagan, "LISP Delegated
              Database Tree", draft-fuller-lisp-ddt-01.txt (work in
              progress).

   [LISP-MRSIG]
              Farinacci, D. and M. Napierala, "LISP Control-Plane
              Multicast Signaling",
              draft-farinacci-lisp-mr-signaling-00.txt (work in
              progress).

   [LISP-NATT]
              Ermagan, V., Farinacci, D., Lewis, D., Skriver, J., Maino,
              F., and C. White, "NAT traversal for LISP",
              draft-ermagan-lisp-nat-traversal-00.txt (work in
              progress).

   [LISP-TE]  Farinacci, D., Lahiri, P., and M. Kowal, "LISP Traffic
              Engineering Use-Cases", draft-farinacci-lisp-te-01.txt
              (work in progress).

   <strong><font color="green">[WGS-84]   Geodesy and Geophysics Department, DoD., "World Geodetic
              System 1984", NIMA TR8350.2, January 2000, &lt;http://
              earth-info.nga.mil/GandG/publications/tr8350.2/
              wgs84fin.pdf&gt;.</font></strong>

Appendix A.  Acknowledgments

   The authors would like to thank Vince Fuller, Gregg Schudel, Jesper
   Skriver, Luigi Iannone, <strike><font color="red">and</font></strike> Isidor <strike><font color="red">Kouvelas</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">Kouvelas, and Sander Steffann</font></strong> for
   their technical and editorial commentary.

   The authors would like to thank Victor Moreno for discussions that
   lead to the definition of the Multicast Info LCAF type.

   The authors would like to thank Parantap Lahiri and Michael Kowal for
   discussions that lead to the definition of the Explicit Locator Path
   (ELP) LCAF type.

   The authors would like to thank Fabio Maino and Vina Ermagan for
   discussions that lead to the definition of the Security Key LCAF
   type.

   Thanks also goes to Terry Manderson for assistance obtaining a LISP
   AFI value from IANA.

Appendix B.  Document Change Log

B.1.  Changes to <strong><font color="green">draft-ietf-lisp-01.txt

   o  Submitted January 2013.

   o  Change longitude range from 0-90 to 0-180 in section 4.4.

   o  Added reference to WGS-84 in section 4.4.

B.2.  Changes to</font></strong> draft-ietf-lisp-00.txt

   o  Posted first working group draft August 2012.

   o  This draft was renamed from draft-farinacci-lisp-lcaf-10.txt.

Authors' Addresses

   Dino Farinacci
   cisco Systems
   Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: <strike><font color="red">dino@cisco.com</font></strike> <strong><font color="green">farinacci@gmail.com</font></strong>

   Dave Meyer
   cisco Systems
   170 Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA
   USA

   Email: dmm@cisco.com

   Job Snijders
   InTouch N.V.
   Middenweg 76
   1097 BS Amsterdam
   The Netherlands

   Email: job@instituut.net
</pre>

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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Locator/ID Separation Protocol Working Gr=
oup of the IETF.

	Title           : LISP Canonical Address Format (LCAF)
	Author(s)       : Dino Farinacci
                          Dave Meyer
                          Job Snijders
	Filename        : draft-ietf-lisp-lcaf-01.txt
	Pages           : 31
	Date            : 2013-01-07

Abstract:
   This draft defines a canonical address format encoding used in LISP
   control messages and in the encoding of lookup keys for the LISP
   Mapping Database System.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-lisp-lcaf

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-lcaf-01

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-lisp-lcaf-01


Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


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From: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
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To: Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Description of locator in map-reply section
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> Hi,
>=20
> I was reading http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-24 when I =
noticed the following text in section 6.1.4, 'Map-Reply Message Format':
>=20
>   Locator:  an IPv4 or IPv6 address (as encoded by the 'Loc-AFI' =
field)
>      assigned to an ETR.  Note that the destination RLOC address MAY =
be
>      an anycast address.  A source RLOC can be an anycast address as
>      well.  The source or destination RLOC MUST NOT be the broadcast
>      address (255.255.255.255 or any subnet broadcast address known to
>      the router), and MUST NOT be a link-local multicast address.  The
>      source RLOC MUST NOT be a multicast address.  The destination =
RLOC
>      SHOULD be a multicast address if it is being mapped from a
>      multicast destination EID.
>=20
> It talks about source and destination RLOCs, which seems weird in the =
context of a map-reply message. My feeling is that this text belongs in =
a more generic section, or am I missing something here?  I thought that =
locators in map-replies are always meant to be used as destination =
RLOCs.

Destination RLOCs are in the locator-set of an EID-record of the =
Map-Reply payload. You want the source and destination addresses to be =
RLOCs so the Map-Reply can be routed directly back to the requestor, by =
the core routers.

Dino

>=20
> Thanks,
> Sander
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


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From: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
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To: Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Description of locator in map-reply section
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> Another question:
>=20
>>  Locator:  [...] The destination RLOC
>>     SHOULD be a multicast address if it is being mapped from a
>>     multicast destination EID.
>=20
> How should I see this? Does it even make sense to have a multicast =
address as (destination) RLOC?
> - Sander

Yes, when you are encapsulating a multicast packet from a source address =
that is an EID into an encapsulated packet that the core delivers as a =
multicast packet. We call the inner group address the "user's group =
address" and the other group address the "delivery group address".

Dino

>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


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> Op 7 jan. 2013, om 12:17 heeft Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net> het =
volgende geschreven:
>=20
>> On 6 Jan. 2013, at 19:58 , Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl> =
wrote:
>>=20
>>> Another question:
>>>=20
>>>> Locator:  [...] The destination RLOC
>>>>   SHOULD be a multicast address if it is being mapped from a
>>>>   multicast destination EID.
>>>=20
>>> How should I see this? Does it even make sense to have a multicast =
address as (destination) RLOC?
>>=20
>> Why not?
>=20
> It seems I need to re-read the lisp-multicast draft. I can't seem to =
understand how the mapping system works in relation to multicast =
traffic... Is there a introduction or presentation somewhere that =
explain it step-by-step?

You should also read the lisp-lcaf draft as well as the =
lisp-mr-signaling draft. There are many ways to do encapsulation of =
multicast packets.

Dino

>=20
> Thanks,
> Sander
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


From terry.manderson@icann.org  Mon Jan  7 21:10:27 2013
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From: Terry Manderson <terry.manderson@icann.org>
To: Terry Manderson <terry.manderson@icann.org>, LISP mailing list list <lisp@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 7 Jan 2013 21:10:23 -0800
Thread-Topic: [lisp] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-lisp-threats & draft-ietf-lisp-deployment
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Hi Folks. Just a reminder that this WGLC will end in 6 days.

If you haven't already, please read and post your review comments on
draft-ietf-lisp-threats and draft-ietf-lisp-deployment

Cheers
Terry

On 13/12/12 10:29 AM, "Terry Manderson" <terry.manderson@icann.org> wrote:

> All,
> 
> In the WG Last Calls for draft-ietf-lisp-threats and
> draft-ietf-lisp-deployment I have not seen sufficient review to be able to
> consider that adequate review has been performed.
> 
> Please LISP WG, review these documents.
> 
> I am extending the last call until the 14th January 2013 (holiday season).
> 
> Cheers
> Terry

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From terry.manderson@icann.org  Mon Jan  7 22:03:48 2013
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From: Terry Manderson <terry.manderson@icann.org>
To: LISP mailing list list <lisp@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 7 Jan 2013 22:03:45 -0800
Thread-Topic: draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Workgroup and others,

Donning the brightly coloured LISP Chair hat.

The document draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt was handed back to the
Workgroup and the document editors following the IETF last call. The LC
prompted interesting feedback and highlighted some issues.

The Responsible AD and the LISP chairs have discussed the future of this
document. We believe that the future of this document could be best served
by splitting it in two (one that allocates/justifies the prefix, and one
that describes the LISP specific allocation mechanism) and also altering
text to address the concerns raised during the IETF LC.

However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first like to
canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.

1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it necessary/useful
for LISP? 

2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that the LISP
experiment is best served?

I'd also like to call on those folks (as Brian did) who offered review of
this document (CC'd here) during the IETF last call to participate on the
LISP mailing list as to its future.

Cheers
Terry

 

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--B_3440505825_12123306--

From sander@steffann.nl  Tue Jan  8 00:12:30 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Description of locator in map-reply section
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>>>> Another question:
>>>>=20
>>>>> Locator:  [...] The destination RLOC
>>>>> SHOULD be a multicast address if it is being mapped from a
>>>>> multicast destination EID.
>>>>=20
>>>> How should I see this? Does it even make sense to have a multicast =
address as (destination) RLOC?
>>>=20
>>> Why not?
>>=20
>> It seems I need to re-read the lisp-multicast draft. I can't seem to =
understand how the mapping system works in relation to multicast =
traffic... Is there a introduction or presentation somewhere that =
explain it step-by-step?
>=20
> You should also read the lisp-lcaf draft as well as the =
lisp-mr-signaling draft. There are many ways to do encapsulation of =
multicast packets.

Thanks, will do!
Sander


From sander@steffann.nl  Tue Jan  8 00:15:43 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Description of locator in map-reply section
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Hi,

>> I was reading http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-24 when I =
noticed the following text in section 6.1.4, 'Map-Reply Message Format':
>>=20
>>  Locator:  an IPv4 or IPv6 address (as encoded by the 'Loc-AFI' =
field)
>>     assigned to an ETR.  Note that the destination RLOC address MAY =
be
>>     an anycast address.  A source RLOC can be an anycast address as
>>     well.  The source or destination RLOC MUST NOT be the broadcast
>>     address (255.255.255.255 or any subnet broadcast address known to
>>     the router), and MUST NOT be a link-local multicast address.  The
>>     source RLOC MUST NOT be a multicast address.  The destination =
RLOC
>>     SHOULD be a multicast address if it is being mapped from a
>>     multicast destination EID.
>>=20
>> It talks about source and destination RLOCs, which seems weird in the =
context of a map-reply message. My feeling is that this text belongs in =
a more generic section, or am I missing something here?  I thought that =
locators in map-replies are always meant to be used as destination =
RLOCs.
>=20
> Destination RLOCs are in the locator-set of an EID-record of the =
Map-Reply payload. You want the source and destination addresses to be =
RLOCs so the Map-Reply can be routed directly back to the requestor, by =
the core routers.


So (part of) this text is describing the RLOCs of the packet, not the =
RLOC in the content of the Locator field then? It now looks like the =
text is describing the content of the Locator field only.

Thanks,
Sander


From sander@steffann.nl  Tue Jan  8 00:23:41 2013
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From: Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Hi,

> Donning the brightly coloured LISP Chair hat.
>=20
> The document draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt was handed back to the
> Workgroup and the document editors following the IETF last call. The =
LC
> prompted interesting feedback and highlighted some issues.
>=20
> The Responsible AD and the LISP chairs have discussed the future of =
this
> document. We believe that the future of this document could be best =
served
> by splitting it in two (one that allocates/justifies the prefix, and =
one
> that describes the LISP specific allocation mechanism) and also =
altering
> text to address the concerns raised during the IETF LC.
>=20
> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first =
like to
> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>=20
> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it =
necessary/useful
> for LISP?=20

Yes, I think it can be very useful for LISP.

> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that the =
LISP
> experiment is best served?

What I was missing from the text was:
- justification for the size of the prefix
- allocation mechanism (AFAICT unaggregated /48 per end-site was =
intended)
- description on how to use this prefix
- short-term routing strategy / impact on routing table
- long-term routing strategy / impact on routing table
- migration path between them

I think that allocating a prefix without describing how it is going to =
be used is a bad idea for something as important as LISP. I'm not sure =
if that should be documented in one, two or more documents...

> I'd also like to call on those folks (as Brian did) who offered review =
of
> this document (CC'd here) during the IETF last call to participate on =
the
> LISP mailing list as to its future.

Of course! :-)
Sander


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From: Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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On 8 Jan. 2013, at 07:03 , Terry Manderson <terry.manderson@icann.org> =
wrote:

> Workgroup and others,
>=20
> Donning the brightly coloured LISP Chair hat.
>=20
> The document draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt was handed back to the
> Workgroup and the document editors following the IETF last call. The =
LC
> prompted interesting feedback and highlighted some issues.
>=20
> The Responsible AD and the LISP chairs have discussed the future of =
this
> document. We believe that the future of this document could be best =
served
> by splitting it in two (one that allocates/justifies the prefix, and =
one
> that describes the LISP specific allocation mechanism) and also =
altering
> text to address the concerns raised during the IETF LC.

May I dare to ask why?=20
Doesn't make more sense to have everything in one single document?=20
Is not that I am against, is just that I want to understand what is the =
specific gain the WG will have by splitting the document.

>=20
> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first =
like to
> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>=20
> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it =
necessary/useful
> for LISP?=20

I still think that having a reserved prefix can be useful.

>=20
> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that the =
LISP
> experiment is best served?

If the WG provide consensus on working on the document the main task IMO =
is to document the allocation mechanism.

Luigi

>=20
> I'd also like to call on those folks (as Brian did) who offered review =
of
> this document (CC'd here) during the IETF last call to participate on =
the
> LISP mailing list as to its future.
>=20
> Cheers
> Terry
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


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From: Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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On 8 Jan. 2013, at 09:23 , Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl> wrote:

> Hi,
>=20
>> Donning the brightly coloured LISP Chair hat.
>>=20
>> The document draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt was handed back to the
>> Workgroup and the document editors following the IETF last call. The =
LC
>> prompted interesting feedback and highlighted some issues.
>>=20
>> The Responsible AD and the LISP chairs have discussed the future of =
this
>> document. We believe that the future of this document could be best =
served
>> by splitting it in two (one that allocates/justifies the prefix, and =
one
>> that describes the LISP specific allocation mechanism) and also =
altering
>> text to address the concerns raised during the IETF LC.
>>=20
>> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first =
like to
>> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>>=20
>> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it =
necessary/useful
>> for LISP?=20
>=20
> Yes, I think it can be very useful for LISP.
>=20

+1


>> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that the =
LISP
>> experiment is best served?
>=20
> What I was missing from the text was:
> - justification for the size of the prefix
> - allocation mechanism

Agreed.

> (AFAICT unaggregated /48 per end-site was intended)

Not that I remember...

> - description on how to use this prefix

Can be improved=85 I agree.

> - short-term routing strategy / impact on routing table
> - long-term routing strategy / impact on routing table

I think that "routing strategy" is something falling in the "how to use =
the prefix".

Impact on the routing table =85 depends on "how to use the prefix" ;-)

> - migration path between them
>=20

Good point.


> I think that allocating a prefix without describing how it is going to =
be used is a bad idea for something as important as LISP. I'm not sure =
if that should be documented in one, two or more documents=85
>=20

I still prefer having a single document to read.

ciao

Luigi


>> I'd also like to call on those folks (as Brian did) who offered =
review of
>> this document (CC'd here) during the IETF last call to participate on =
the
>> LISP mailing list as to its future.
>=20
> Of course! :-)
> Sander
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


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To: Terry Manderson <terry.manderson@icann.org>
From: SM <sm@resistor.net>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Hi Terry,
At 22:03 07-01-2013, Terry Manderson wrote:
>However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first like to
>canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>
>1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it necessary/useful
>for LISP?

The work item seems useful.

>2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that the LISP
>experiment is best served?

The problem is justifying the IP address space allocation and 
explaining how it will be managed.

My guess is that the working group took an ORCHID approach (copy and 
paste :-)).  I suggest dropping the idea of calling it a very 
large-scale experiment.  The unstated problem is about politics.  I 
suggest taking a look at draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.  It contains a good 
discussion of operational models and the trade-offs.

Regards,
-sm 


From brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com  Tue Jan  8 05:30:15 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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On 08/01/2013 10:29, Luigi Iannone wrote:
> On 8 Jan. 2013, at 09:23 , Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl> wrote:


>> - description on how to use this prefix
>=20
> Can be improved=E2=80=A6 I agree.
>=20
>> - short-term routing strategy / impact on routing table
>> - long-term routing strategy / impact on routing table
>=20
> I think that "routing strategy" is something falling in the "how to use=
 the prefix".

Maybe, but it is a major sub-section. This is the area that got me worrie=
d
enough to comment on the draft - especially, why non-participants in the
LISP experiment would propagate the prefix. At least, before arguments su=
ch
as "This is the only way to reach Facebook" can be used.

> Impact on the routing table =E2=80=A6 depends on "how to use the prefix=
" ;-)
>=20
>> - migration path between them
>>
>=20
> Good point.

Essential point, I'd say: how does this prefix behave around the tipping
point between "a few sites use LISP" and "most sites use LISP"?

    Brian



From gih@apnic.net  Tue Jan  8 11:21:11 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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On 08/01/2013, at 9:34 PM, SM <sm@resistor.net> wrote:

> Hi Terry,
> At 22:03 07-01-2013, Terry Manderson wrote:
>> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first =
like to
>> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>>=20
>> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it =
necessary/useful
>> for LISP?
>=20
> The work item seems useful.
>=20
>> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that the =
LISP
>> experiment is best served?
>=20
> The problem is justifying the IP address space allocation and =
explaining how it will be managed.
>=20
> My guess is that the working group took an ORCHID approach (copy and =
paste :-)).  I suggest dropping the idea of calling it a very =
large-scale experiment.  The unstated problem is about politics.  I =
suggest taking a look at draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.  It contains a good =
discussion of operational models and the trade-offs.
>=20

I was on the IAB at the time that ORCHID was being considered - the =
issue there was to find a balance between enough bits for acceptable =
crypto and basic conservatism in the absolute size of the request - at =
the time a /28 appeared to be a suitable compromise considering that =
this was an experiment.

Given that this is an experiment and that the transition from experiment =
to widespread deployment may well entail renumbering (as was the case =
with the 6bone) then one approach may well be to use a modest prefix =
that has a limited capacity that would force renumbering in the shift =
from experiment to widespread adoption, if such occurs in the future.

Geoff



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From: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
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To: Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Description of locator in map-reply section
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> Hi,
>=20
>>> I was reading http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-24 when I =
noticed the following text in section 6.1.4, 'Map-Reply Message Format':
>>>=20
>>> Locator:  an IPv4 or IPv6 address (as encoded by the 'Loc-AFI' =
field)
>>>    assigned to an ETR.  Note that the destination RLOC address MAY =
be
>>>    an anycast address.  A source RLOC can be an anycast address as
>>>    well.  The source or destination RLOC MUST NOT be the broadcast
>>>    address (255.255.255.255 or any subnet broadcast address known to
>>>    the router), and MUST NOT be a link-local multicast address.  The
>>>    source RLOC MUST NOT be a multicast address.  The destination =
RLOC
>>>    SHOULD be a multicast address if it is being mapped from a
>>>    multicast destination EID.
>>>=20
>>> It talks about source and destination RLOCs, which seems weird in =
the context of a map-reply message. My feeling is that this text belongs =
in a more generic section, or am I missing something here?  I thought =
that locators in map-replies are always meant to be used as destination =
RLOCs.
>>=20
>> Destination RLOCs are in the locator-set of an EID-record of the =
Map-Reply payload. You want the source and destination addresses to be =
RLOCs so the Map-Reply can be routed directly back to the requestor, by =
the core routers.
>=20
>=20
> So (part of) this text is describing the RLOCs of the packet, not the =
RLOC in the content of the Locator field then? It now looks like the =
text is describing the content of the Locator field only.
>=20
> Thanks,
> Sander

It is describing both. The "Loc-AFI" field is the locator-set encoding =
in the EID-record that I described above.

Dino



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Cc: Softwires@ietf.org, LISP mailing list list <lisp@ietf.org>, draft-xu-softwire-ip-in-udp@tools.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [lisp] [Softwires] draft-xu-softwire-ip-in-udp
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--20cf3071d1dad4ee9104d2b50f93
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For the benefit of those of you that don't follow the MPLS WG list, this
draft is closely related to
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-xu-mpls-in-udp-06 , which is the subject
of a lively discussion there.

Cheers,
Andy


On Sun, Dec 30, 2012 at 3:45 PM, Damien Saucez <damien.saucez@gmail.com>wrote:

> Hello,
>
> Interesting document, have you ever though of LISP to do that?
>
> Regards,
>
> Damien Saucez
> _______________________________________________
> Softwires mailing list
> Softwires@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/softwires
>

--20cf3071d1dad4ee9104d2b50f93
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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div>For the benefit of those of you that don&#39;t follow=
 the MPLS WG list, this draft is closely related to <a href=3D"http://tools=
.ietf.org/html/draft-xu-mpls-in-udp-06">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-xu=
-mpls-in-udp-06</a> , which is the subject of a lively discussion there.<br=
>

<br></div>Cheers,<br>Andy<br></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><br><div =
class=3D"gmail_quote">On Sun, Dec 30, 2012 at 3:45 PM, Damien Saucez <span =
dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:damien.saucez@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank=
">damien.saucez@gmail.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>

<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">Hello,<br>
<br>
Interesting document, have you ever though of LISP to do that?<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
<br>
Damien Saucez<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
Softwires mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Softwires@ietf.org">Softwires@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/softwires" target=3D"_blan=
k">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/softwires</a><br>
</blockquote></div><br></div>

--20cf3071d1dad4ee9104d2b50f93--

From jmh@joelhalpern.com  Tue Jan  8 16:22:20 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Commenting just on this one piece, the reason for suggesting separating 
the two pieces has two components, as I understand the situation.
1) There is a belief that it would be helpful to get the prefix soon.
2) working out, ad then clearly documen, the plan for LISP EID 
assignment / delegation still needs significant work, and is not likely 
to complete quickly.

If these two observations are both accurate, then separating the 
problems seems the only path that meets the goals.  If we do not need to 
get the prefix allocated quickly, then I would tend to strongly favor 
working out the rest of the system, delegation, allocation, and usage so 
that we know how all the parts work.

Yours,
Joel

On 1/8/2013 5:22 AM, Luigi Iannone wrote:
>> The Responsible AD and the LISP chairs have discussed the future of this
>> >document. We believe that the future of this document could be best served
>> >by splitting it in two (one that allocates/justifies the prefix, and one
>> >that describes the LISP specific allocation mechanism) and also altering
>> >text to address the concerns raised during the IETF LC.
> May I dare to ask why?

From farinacci@gmail.com  Tue Jan  8 16:43:54 2013
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From: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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I recently visited University of Minnesota where I met David (copied on =
this email). He said, from an RIR perspective, he would help us revise =
this draft.

Luigi meet David. David meet Luigi. David can comment but he felt we =
could get a coarse prefix if we just justified how it would be used and =
would help us write text.

Dino

On Jan 7, 2013, at 10:03 PM, Terry Manderson <terry.manderson@icann.org> =
wrote:

> Workgroup and others,
>=20
> Donning the brightly coloured LISP Chair hat.
>=20
> The document draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt was handed back to the
> Workgroup and the document editors following the IETF last call. The =
LC
> prompted interesting feedback and highlighted some issues.
>=20
> The Responsible AD and the LISP chairs have discussed the future of =
this
> document. We believe that the future of this document could be best =
served
> by splitting it in two (one that allocates/justifies the prefix, and =
one
> that describes the LISP specific allocation mechanism) and also =
altering
> text to address the concerns raised during the IETF LC.
>=20
> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first =
like to
> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>=20
> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it =
necessary/useful
> for LISP?=20
>=20
> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that the =
LISP
> experiment is best served?
>=20
> I'd also like to call on those folks (as Brian did) who offered review =
of
> this document (CC'd here) during the IETF last call to participate on =
the
> LISP mailing list as to its future.
>=20
> Cheers
> Terry
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


From ggm@algebras.org  Tue Jan  8 17:16:53 2013
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From: George Michaelson <ggm@algebras.org>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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On 08/01/2013, at 4:03 PM, Terry Manderson <terry.manderson@icann.org> =
wrote:

> Workgroup and others,
>=20
> Donning the brightly coloured LISP Chair hat.
>=20
> The document draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt was handed back to the
> Workgroup and the document editors following the IETF last call. The =
LC
> prompted interesting feedback and highlighted some issues.
>=20
> The Responsible AD and the LISP chairs have discussed the future of =
this
> document. We believe that the future of this document could be best =
served
> by splitting it in two (one that allocates/justifies the prefix, and =
one
> that describes the LISP specific allocation mechanism) and also =
altering
> text to address the concerns raised during the IETF LC.
>=20
> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first =
like to
> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>=20
> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it =
necessary/useful
> for LISP?

EID might not be addresses in LISP terms, but you are using IPv6 =
addresses, which come with expectations over the management and =
behaviour.

I think that its appropriate for LISP to identify address management =
requirements and expectations. I think it goes to question 2)

	are these EID intended to be individually routed in =
global-unicast BGP view, or only visible as an aggregated prefix?

	how many EID do people need? do EID have to aggregate, is there =
any benefit in EID being more than just unique (ie, unique and growable, =
or unique and large/medium/small)

for instance.

>=20
> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that the =
LISP
> experiment is best served?

If you are explicitly addressing this as an EXPERIMENT then you should =
objectively address the experimental allocation criteria, which are that =
you justify why it cannot fit inside a /32, and recognise that its a =
time limited allocation, subject to some kind of renewal.

	How many participants in the EXPERIMENT are you trying to cope =
with?

	How large an EID does each participant need? whats the scaling?

If you are attempting to address larger deployment scaling which go =
beyond the experiment life, the issues around what KIND of allocation =
policy applies need to be explored:

	what objective criteria are expected to be applied, to allocate =
EID to entities?=20

	is the sole property uniqueness?

>=20
> I'd also like to call on those folks (as Brian did) who offered review =
of
> this document (CC'd here) during the IETF last call to participate on =
the
> LISP mailing list as to its future.

Noted.

-G

>=20
> Cheers
> Terry
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


From steenjj@gmail.com  Tue Jan  8 21:20:33 2013
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From: Jon Steen <steenjj@gmail.com>
To: "Andrew G. Malis" <agmalis@gmail.com>
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Cc: Softwires@ietf.org, LISP mailing list list <lisp@ietf.org>, draft-xu-softwire-ip-in-udp@tools.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [lisp] [Softwires] draft-xu-softwire-ip-in-udp
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--f46d0401f8e1417ee504d2d438b8
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Andy,

I would have to agree with Damien in some sense, what other currently
available standards are available to fulfill this need without adding the
extra overhead.  Overhead only adds to the proceessing time it takes to
relay the data.

Jon Steen



On Mon, Jan 7, 2013 at 11:09 AM, Andrew G. Malis <agmalis@gmail.com> wrote:

> For the benefit of those of you that don't follow the MPLS WG list, this
> draft is closely related to
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-xu-mpls-in-udp-06 , which is the subject
> of a lively discussion there.
>
> Cheers,
> Andy
>
>
> On Sun, Dec 30, 2012 at 3:45 PM, Damien Saucez <damien.saucez@gmail.com>wrote:
>
>> Hello,
>>
>> Interesting document, have you ever though of LISP to do that?
>>
>> Regards,
>>
>> Damien Saucez
>> _______________________________________________
>> Softwires mailing list
>> Softwires@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/softwires
>>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>
>

--f46d0401f8e1417ee504d2d438b8
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<div>Andy,</div><div>=A0</div><div>I would have to agree with Damien in som=
e sense, what other currently available standards are available to fulfill =
this need without adding the extra overhead.=A0 Overhead only adds to the p=
roceessing time it takes to relay the data.</div>
<div>=A0</div><div>Jon Steen</div><div><br><br>=A0</div><div class=3D"gmail=
_quote">On Mon, Jan 7, 2013 at 11:09 AM, Andrew G. Malis <span dir=3D"ltr">=
&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:agmalis@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">agmalis@gmail.co=
m</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border-left-=
color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid" class=
=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div>For the benefit of those of you that=
 don&#39;t follow the MPLS WG list, this draft is closely related to <a hre=
f=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-xu-mpls-in-udp-06" target=3D"_blank">=
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-xu-mpls-in-udp-06</a> , which is the subje=
ct of a lively discussion there.<br>


<br></div>Cheers,<br>Andy<br></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><br><div =
class=3D"gmail_quote"><div class=3D"im">On Sun, Dec 30, 2012 at 3:45 PM, Da=
mien Saucez <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:damien.saucez@gmail.com=
" target=3D"_blank">damien.saucez@gmail.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>


</div><blockquote style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border=
-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid"=
 class=3D"gmail_quote"><div class=3D"im">Hello,<br>
<br>
Interesting document, have you ever though of LISP to do that?<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
<br>
Damien Saucez<br>
_______________________________________________<br></div>
Softwires mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Softwires@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">Softwires@ietf.org<=
/a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/softwires" target=3D"_blan=
k">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/softwires</a><br>
</blockquote></div><br></div>
<br>_______________________________________________<br>
lisp mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp" target=3D"_blank">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br>

--f46d0401f8e1417ee504d2d438b8--

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From: Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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On 9 Jan. 2013, at 01:22 , Joel M. Halpern <jmh@joelhalpern.com> wrote:

> Commenting just on this one piece, the reason for suggesting =
separating the two pieces has two components, as I understand the =
situation.
> 1) There is a belief that it would be helpful to get the prefix soon.
> 2) working out, ad then clearly documen, the plan for LISP EID =
assignment / delegation still needs significant work, and is not likely =
to complete quickly.

Hi Joel,

don't we risk to have the first document blocked until the second is =
finished?

Most concerns during LC were about "why to allocate a prefix if we do =
not know how to use it?".=20

=46rom my understanding even having the prefix today it will not be =
possible to use it until document 2 is out as well.=20

What am I missing?

Luigi

>=20
> If these two observations are both accurate, then separating the =
problems seems the only path that meets the goals.  If we do not need to =
get the prefix allocated quickly, then I would tend to strongly favor =
working out the rest of the system, delegation, allocation, and usage so =
that we know how all the parts work.
>=20
> Yours,
> Joel
>=20
> On 1/8/2013 5:22 AM, Luigi Iannone wrote:
>>> The Responsible AD and the LISP chairs have discussed the future of =
this
>>> >document. We believe that the future of this document could be best =
served
>>> >by splitting it in two (one that allocates/justifies the prefix, =
and one
>>> >that describes the LISP specific allocation mechanism) and also =
altering
>>> >text to address the concerns raised during the IETF LC.
>> May I dare to ask why?


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From: Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net>
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References: <CD11F3E1.330E3%terry.manderson@icann.org> <6.2.5.6.2.20130108003052.0bbe0540@resistor.net> <CF3FBD2E-C58D-4D00-A63C-6B30352D0402@apnic.net>
To: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Hi Geoff,

On 8 Jan. 2013, at 20:21 , Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net> wrote:

>=20
> On 08/01/2013, at 9:34 PM, SM <sm@resistor.net> wrote:
>=20
>> Hi Terry,
>> At 22:03 07-01-2013, Terry Manderson wrote:
>>> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first =
like to
>>> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>>>=20
>>> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it =
necessary/useful
>>> for LISP?
>>=20
>> The work item seems useful.
>>=20
>>> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that =
the LISP
>>> experiment is best served?
>>=20
>> The problem is justifying the IP address space allocation and =
explaining how it will be managed.
>>=20
>> My guess is that the working group took an ORCHID approach (copy and =
paste :-)).  I suggest dropping the idea of calling it a very =
large-scale experiment.  The unstated problem is about politics.  I =
suggest taking a look at draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.  It contains a good =
discussion of operational models and the trade-offs.
>>=20
>=20
> I was on the IAB at the time that ORCHID was being considered - the =
issue there was to find a balance between enough bits for acceptable =
crypto and basic conservatism in the absolute size of the request - at =
the time a /28 appeared to be a suitable compromise considering that =
this was an experiment.
>=20
> Given that this is an experiment and that the transition from =
experiment to widespread deployment may well entail renumbering (as was =
the case with the 6bone) then one approach may well be to use a modest =
prefix that has a limited capacity that would force renumbering in the =
shift from experiment to widespread adoption, if such occurs in the =
future.
>=20

I may be mistake but I do not see the renumbering need in the LISP case.
The prefix request was written in such a way to reduce renumbering, =
rather making the prefix "bigger" so to accommodate the growth. This =
would also be an easy change, rather then adding different prefix blocks =
just change the length of the existing prefix.

I think this is something to keep in the future document(s).

Luigi


> Geoff
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


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From: Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Hi,

On 8 Jan. 2013, at 11:34 , SM <sm@resistor.net> wrote:

> Hi Terry,
> At 22:03 07-01-2013, Terry Manderson wrote:
>> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first =
like to
>> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>>=20
>> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it =
necessary/useful
>> for LISP?
>=20
> The work item seems useful.
>=20
>> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that the =
LISP
>> experiment is best served?
>=20
> The problem is justifying the IP address space allocation and =
explaining how it will be managed.
>=20
> My guess is that the working group took an ORCHID approach (copy and =
paste :-)).

Not really, truth is that it was suggested to look at ORCHID, hence we =
tried to provide the same elements (or equivalent) that the ORCHID =
document provided.

>  I suggest dropping the idea of calling it a very large-scale =
experiment.  The unstated problem is about politics.  I suggest taking a =
look at draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.  It contains a good discussion of =
operational models and the trade-offs.
>=20

Thanks a lot, will do.

ciao

Luigi


> Regards,
> -sm=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


From brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com  Wed Jan  9 06:00:00 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Hi,

On 09/01/2013 12:04, Luigi Iannone wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> On 8 Jan. 2013, at 11:34 , SM <sm@resistor.net> wrote:

...
>>  I suggest dropping the idea of calling it a very large-scale experiment.  The unstated problem is about politics.  I suggest taking a look at draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.  It contains a good discussion of operational models and the trade-offs.

However, it isn't (even) a LISP WG Experimental document.

I think the interesting operational questions are those raised or
implied by http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-interworking-06#section-5

> Thanks a lot, will do.

What I would like to see discussed in -eid-block is how the use
of the proposed prefix interacts with the scaling properties and
routing policies associated with Proxy ITRs. The above citation includes:

   1.  The Proxy-ITR's aggregate routes might be selectively announced,
       giving a coarse way to control the quantity of traffic attracted
       by that Proxy-ITR.  For example, some of the routes being
       announced might be tagged with a BGP community and their scope of
       announcement limited by the routing policy of the provider.

   2.  The same address might be announced by multiple Proxy-ITRs in
       order to share the traffic using IP Anycast.  The asymmetric
       nature of traffic flows through the Proxy-ITR means that
       operationally, deploying a set of Proxy-ITRs would be very
       similar to existing Anycasted services like DNS caches.

Will having a reserved EID prefix change these "might bes"? Will it
change the incentives for BGP ASes to do the right thing? As was said
earlier, we have *bad* experience on this point with 2002::/16, where
the evidence is that operators simply didn't do what the deployment
model called for. Just to be clear, here is the paragraph from RFC 3056
that operators failed on:

   3. A relay router MUST advertise a route to 2002::/16 into the native
   IPv6 exterior routing domain.  It is a matter of routing policy how
   far this routing advertisement of 2002::/16 is propagated in the
   native IPv6 routing system.  Since there will in general be multiple
   relay routers advertising it, network operators will require to
   filter it in a managed way.  Incorrect policy in this area will lead
   to potential unreachability or to perverse traffic patterns.

You could pretty much use that paragraph for LISP ITRs. Why will it work
any better than it did for 6to4?

To be clear - we aren't talking about operators of ITRs. We're talking
about BGP speakers many hops away from the ITRs.

   Brian

From jmh.direct@joelhalpern.com  Wed Jan  9 06:55:36 2013
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Cc: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Roger_J=F8rgensen?= <rogerj@gmail.com>, George Michaelson <ggm+ietf@apnic.net>, LISP mailing list list <lisp@ietf.org>, "George, Wes" <wesley.george@twcable.com>, Robert Elz <kre@munnari.OZ.AU>, "cb.list6@gmail.com" <cb.list6@gmail.com>, "Bert Wijnen \(IETF\)" <bertietf@bwijnen.net>
Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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As I understood it, if we say explicitly that allocation and policy will 
be dealt with in a separate document, folks thought that would fly.  It 
might not.
But if it won't, then there is no way we can do this quickly.

Which brings us back to Terry's key question to the WG:  Is this 
something iportant for us o produce now.  If so, why?

Yours,
Joel

On 1/9/2013 6:57 AM, Luigi Iannone wrote:
>
> On 9 Jan. 2013, at 01:22 , Joel M. Halpern <jmh@joelhalpern.com> wrote:
>
>> Commenting just on this one piece, the reason for suggesting separating the two pieces has two components, as I understand the situation.
>> 1) There is a belief that it would be helpful to get the prefix soon.
>> 2) working out, ad then clearly documen, the plan for LISP EID assignment / delegation still needs significant work, and is not likely to complete quickly.
>
> Hi Joel,
>
> don't we risk to have the first document blocked until the second is finished?
>
> Most concerns during LC were about "why to allocate a prefix if we do not know how to use it?".
>
>  From my understanding even having the prefix today it will not be possible to use it until document 2 is out as well.
>
> What am I missing?
>
> Luigi
>
>>
>> If these two observations are both accurate, then separating the problems seems the only path that meets the goals.  If we do not need to get the prefix allocated quickly, then I would tend to strongly favor working out the rest of the system, delegation, allocation, and usage so that we know how all the parts work.
>>
>> Yours,
>> Joel
>>
>> On 1/8/2013 5:22 AM, Luigi Iannone wrote:
>>>> The Responsible AD and the LISP chairs have discussed the future of this
>>>>> document. We believe that the future of this document could be best served
>>>>> by splitting it in two (one that allocates/justifies the prefix, and one
>>>>> that describes the LISP specific allocation mechanism) and also altering
>>>>> text to address the concerns raised during the IETF LC.
>>> May I dare to ask why?
>

From jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu  Wed Jan  9 07:00:38 2013
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From: jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu (Noel Chiappa)
Cc: jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu
Subject: Re: [lisp] LISP security philosophy
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    > From: jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu (Noel Chiappa)

    > Hi, all, here's the note on a security 'philosophy' for LISP.
    > ...
    > for the WG to consider, to see if everyone is OK with these general
    > guidelines for security for LISP.

So, I received an interesting/useful private comment from one person, but
that was all. I take it then that everyone's happy with this?

Original message here:

  http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/lisp/current/msg03939.html

if anyone wants to review it.

	Noel

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From: Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net>
To: "lisp@ietf.org" <lisp@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: draft-ietf-lisp-architecture:  Demand Loading of Mappings
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Subject: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture:  Demand Loading of Mappings
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Hi Noel,

In Section 6.1, you say:

"Push as a mechanism is also fundamentally less desirable than pull, since =
the control plane overhead consumed to load and maintain information about =
unused destinations is entirely wasted.  The only potential downside to the=
 pull option is the delay required for the demand-loading of information."

Another downside of the pull option is that the XTR must ensure the freshne=
ss of information that it pulls to itself. In order to ensure freshness, th=
e XTR relies on LISP-specific protocol machinery (e.g., control information=
 piggybacked on user data). With that additional machinery comes additional=
 operational complexity and security considerations.


--------------------------
Ron Bonica
vcard:       www.bonica.org/ron/ronbonica.vcf




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From: Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net>
To: "lisp@ietf.org" <lisp@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: draft-ietf-lisp-architecture:  Demand Loading of Mappings
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of Mappings
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Noel,

Having thought about my previous comment for another moment, what we really=
 have before us is an architectural trade-off.=20

In the push paradigm, "control plane overhead consumed to load and maintain=
 information about unused destinations is entirely wasted".=20

In the pull paradigm, "the XTR must ensure the freshness of information tha=
t it pulls to itself. In order to ensure freshness, the XTR relies on LISP-=
specific protocol machinery (e.g., control information piggybacked on user =
data). With that additional machinery comes additional operational complexi=
ty and security considerations."

I wonder if this text could be crafted to reflect that architectural trade-=
off?

                                                Ron

> -----Original Message-----
> From: lisp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Ronald Bonica
> Sent: Wednesday, January 09, 2013 11:22 AM
> To: lisp@ietf.org
> Subject: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of
> Mappings
>=20
> Hi Noel,
>=20
> In Section 6.1, you say:
>=20
> "Push as a mechanism is also fundamentally less desirable than pull,
> since the control plane overhead consumed to load and maintain
> information about unused destinations is entirely wasted.  The only
> potential downside to the pull option is the delay required for the
> demand-loading of information."
>=20
> Another downside of the pull option is that the XTR must ensure the
> freshness of information that it pulls to itself. In order to ensure
> freshness, the XTR relies on LISP-specific protocol machinery (e.g.,
> control information piggybacked on user data). With that additional
> machinery comes additional operational complexity and security
> considerations.
>=20
>=20
> --------------------------
> Ron Bonica
> vcard:       www.bonica.org/ron/ronbonica.vcf
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp



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To: Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of Mappings
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Ron,

Before we circle in for a landing, I would suggest that we separate
forms of state between operational and provisioned, and then what it
means to maintain both in the context of "push" v. "pull" (terms I
heartily dislike).

Eliot

On 1/9/13 5:34 PM, Ronald Bonica wrote:
> Noel,
>
> Having thought about my previous comment for another moment, what we really have before us is an architectural trade-off. 
>
> In the push paradigm, "control plane overhead consumed to load and maintain information about unused destinations is entirely wasted". 
>
> In the pull paradigm, "the XTR must ensure the freshness of information that it pulls to itself. In order to ensure freshness, the XTR relies on LISP-specific protocol machinery (e.g., control information piggybacked on user data). With that additional machinery comes additional operational complexity and security considerations."
>
> I wonder if this text could be crafted to reflect that architectural trade-off?
>
>                                                 Ron
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: lisp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>> Ronald Bonica
>> Sent: Wednesday, January 09, 2013 11:22 AM
>> To: lisp@ietf.org
>> Subject: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of
>> Mappings
>>
>> Hi Noel,
>>
>> In Section 6.1, you say:
>>
>> "Push as a mechanism is also fundamentally less desirable than pull,
>> since the control plane overhead consumed to load and maintain
>> information about unused destinations is entirely wasted.  The only
>> potential downside to the pull option is the delay required for the
>> demand-loading of information."
>>
>> Another downside of the pull option is that the XTR must ensure the
>> freshness of information that it pulls to itself. In order to ensure
>> freshness, the XTR relies on LISP-specific protocol machinery (e.g.,
>> control information piggybacked on user data). With that additional
>> machinery comes additional operational complexity and security
>> considerations.
>>
>>
>> --------------------------
>> Ron Bonica
>> vcard:       www.bonica.org/ron/ronbonica.vcf
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> lisp mailing list
>> lisp@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>
>


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From: Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net>
To: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>
Thread-Topic: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of Mappings
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Date: Wed, 9 Jan 2013 16:57:42 +0000
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of Mappings
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Ron,

This is what I did with NERD, and aligns very much with your description.

Eliot

On 1/9/13 5:57 PM, Ronald Bonica wrote:
> Eliot,
>
> In Section 6.1, Noel never uses the word "state". He uses the more specific term, "mappings". Are you suggesting that he should add some context around that word?
>
>                           Ron
>
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Eliot Lear [mailto:lear@cisco.com]
>> Sent: Wednesday, January 09, 2013 11:41 AM
>> To: Ronald Bonica
>> Cc: lisp@ietf.org
>> Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of
>> Mappings
>>
>> Ron,
>>
>> Before we circle in for a landing, I would suggest that we separate
>> forms of state between operational and provisioned, and then what it
>> means to maintain both in the context of "push" v. "pull" (terms I
>> heartily dislike).
>>
>> Eliot
>>
>> On 1/9/13 5:34 PM, Ronald Bonica wrote:
>>> Noel,
>>>
>>> Having thought about my previous comment for another moment, what we
>> really have before us is an architectural trade-off.
>>> In the push paradigm, "control plane overhead consumed to load and
>> maintain information about unused destinations is entirely wasted".
>>> In the pull paradigm, "the XTR must ensure the freshness of
>> information that it pulls to itself. In order to ensure freshness, the
>> XTR relies on LISP-specific protocol machinery (e.g., control
>> information piggybacked on user data). With that additional machinery
>> comes additional operational complexity and security considerations."
>>> I wonder if this text could be crafted to reflect that architectural
>> trade-off?
>>>                                                 Ron
>>>
>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>> From: lisp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
>>>> Of Ronald Bonica
>>>> Sent: Wednesday, January 09, 2013 11:22 AM
>>>> To: lisp@ietf.org
>>>> Subject: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of
>>>> Mappings
>>>>
>>>> Hi Noel,
>>>>
>>>> In Section 6.1, you say:
>>>>
>>>> "Push as a mechanism is also fundamentally less desirable than pull,
>>>> since the control plane overhead consumed to load and maintain
>>>> information about unused destinations is entirely wasted.  The only
>>>> potential downside to the pull option is the delay required for the
>>>> demand-loading of information."
>>>>
>>>> Another downside of the pull option is that the XTR must ensure the
>>>> freshness of information that it pulls to itself. In order to ensure
>>>> freshness, the XTR relies on LISP-specific protocol machinery (e.g.,
>>>> control information piggybacked on user data). With that additional
>>>> machinery comes additional operational complexity and security
>>>> considerations.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> --------------------------
>>>> Ron Bonica
>>>> vcard:       www.bonica.org/ron/ronbonica.vcf
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> lisp mailing list
>>>> lisp@ietf.org
>>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> lisp mailing list
>>> lisp@ietf.org
>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>>>
>>>


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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of Mappings
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
----------MB_8CFBCA7539B2E34_3F0_A952F_webmail-m165.sysops.aol.com
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
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Pull (LISP) versus Push (legacy IP).
This discussion confirms that LISP is not  and has never been a loc-id-spli=
t protocol. Instead it is only a PULL variant of the existing state-of-art =
protocol.
Such behavior is called camouflage, right ?


Heiner





-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung-----=20
Von: Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net>
An: lisp <lisp@ietf.org>
Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 5:37 pm
Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of Mapping=
s


Noel,

Having thought about my previous comment for another moment, what we really=
 have=20
before us is an architectural trade-off.=20

In the push paradigm, "control plane overhead consumed to load and maintain=
=20
information about unused destinations is entirely wasted".=20

In the pull paradigm, "the XTR must ensure the freshness of information tha=
t it=20
pulls to itself. In order to ensure freshness, the XTR relies on LISP-speci=
fic=20
protocol machinery (e.g., control information piggybacked on user data). Wi=
th=20
that additional machinery comes additional operational complexity and secur=
ity=20
considerations."

I wonder if this text could be crafted to reflect that architectural trade-=
off?

                                                Ron

> -----Original Message-----
> From: lisp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Ronald Bonica
> Sent: Wednesday, January 09, 2013 11:22 AM
> To: lisp@ietf.org
> Subject: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of
> Mappings
>=20
> Hi Noel,
>=20
> In Section 6.1, you say:
>=20
> "Push as a mechanism is also fundamentally less desirable than pull,
> since the control plane overhead consumed to load and maintain
> information about unused destinations is entirely wasted.  The only
> potential downside to the pull option is the delay required for the
> demand-loading of information."
>=20
> Another downside of the pull option is that the XTR must ensure the
> freshness of information that it pulls to itself. In order to ensure
> freshness, the XTR relies on LISP-specific protocol machinery (e.g.,
> control information piggybacked on user data). With that additional
> machinery comes additional operational complexity and security
> considerations.
>=20
>=20
> --------------------------
> Ron Bonica
> vcard:       www.bonica.org/ron/ronbonica.vcf
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
lisp@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp

=20

----------MB_8CFBCA7539B2E34_3F0_A952F_webmail-m165.sysops.aol.com
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"

<font color=3D'black' size=3D'2' face=3D'arial'><font class=3D"Apple-style-=
span" size=3D"2">Pull (LISP) versus Push (legacy IP).</font>
<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">This discussion confirms t=
hat LISP is not &nbsp;and has never been&nbsp;</font><span class=3D"Apple-s=
tyle-span" style=3D"font-size: small; ">a loc-id-split protocol</span><span=
 class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: small; ">. Instead it is on=
ly a PULL variant of the existing state-of-art protocol.</span></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Such behavior is called ca=
mouflage, right ?</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Heiner</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>
</font><br>

<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; color: black;=
 ">-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung----- <br>
Von: Ronald Bonica &lt;rbonica@juniper.net&gt;<br>
An: lisp &lt;lisp@ietf.org&gt;<br>
Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 5:37 pm<br>
Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of Mapping=
s<br>
<br>







<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_0_d5768ed2-52b6-4aef-88ce-b2c99a1ecc60" style=3D"marg=
in: 0px;font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Sans-Serif;font-size: 12px;col=
or: #000;background-color: #fff;">

<pre style=3D"font-size: 9pt;"><tt>Noel,

Having thought about my previous comment for another moment, what we really=
 have=20
before us is an architectural trade-off.=20

In the push paradigm, "control plane overhead consumed to load and maintain=
=20
information about unused destinations is entirely wasted".=20

In the pull paradigm, "the XTR must ensure the freshness of information tha=
t it=20
pulls to itself. In order to ensure freshness, the XTR relies on LISP-speci=
fic=20
protocol machinery (e.g., control information piggybacked on user data). Wi=
th=20
that additional machinery comes additional operational complexity and secur=
ity=20
considerations."

I wonder if this text could be crafted to reflect that architectural trade-=
off?

                                                Ron

&gt; -----Original Message-----
&gt; From: <a href=3D"mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org">lisp-bounces@ietf.org</=
a> [<a href=3D"mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org?">mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org<=
/a>] On Behalf Of
&gt; Ronald Bonica
&gt; Sent: Wednesday, January 09, 2013 11:22 AM
&gt; To: <a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a>
&gt; Subject: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of
&gt; Mappings
&gt;=20
&gt; Hi Noel,
&gt;=20
&gt; In Section 6.1, you say:
&gt;=20
&gt; "Push as a mechanism is also fundamentally less desirable than pull,
&gt; since the control plane overhead consumed to load and maintain
&gt; information about unused destinations is entirely wasted.  The only
&gt; potential downside to the pull option is the delay required for the
&gt; demand-loading of information."
&gt;=20
&gt; Another downside of the pull option is that the XTR must ensure the
&gt; freshness of information that it pulls to itself. In order to ensure
&gt; freshness, the XTR relies on LISP-specific protocol machinery (e.g.,
&gt; control information piggybacked on user data). With that additional
&gt; machinery comes additional operational complexity and security
&gt; considerations.
&gt;=20
&gt;=20
&gt; --------------------------
&gt; Ron Bonica
&gt; vcard:       <a href=3D"http://www.bonica.org/ron/ronbonica.vcf" targe=
t=3D"_blank">www.bonica.org/ron/ronbonica.vcf</a>
&gt;=20
&gt;=20
&gt;=20
&gt; _______________________________________________
&gt; lisp mailing list
&gt; <a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a>
&gt; <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp" target=3D"_blan=
k">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a>


_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp" target=3D"_blank">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a>
</tt></pre>
</div>
 <!-- end of AOLMsgPart_0_d5768ed2-52b6-4aef-88ce-b2c99a1ecc60 -->



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Subject: Re: [lisp] [Softwires] draft-xu-softwire-ip-in-udp
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Jon,

My intent wasn't to show support for the draft, just to point out the
relationship to the MPLS draft for those of you on the softwires list that
may not have been following it. It's really up to the softwires WG to
determine if it supports taking on this draft as a work item.

Also, a comment to the draft-xu authors is that both of the draft-xu's
should probably cross-reference each other (they don't currently).

Cheers,
Andy


On Wed, Jan 9, 2013 at 12:20 AM, Jon Steen <steenjj@gmail.com> wrote:

> Andy,
>
> I would have to agree with Damien in some sense, what other currently
> available standards are available to fulfill this need without adding the
> extra overhead.  Overhead only adds to the proceessing time it takes to
> relay the data.
>
> Jon Steen
>
>
>
> On Mon, Jan 7, 2013 at 11:09 AM, Andrew G. Malis <agmalis@gmail.com>wrote:
>
>> For the benefit of those of you that don't follow the MPLS WG list, this
>> draft is closely related to
>> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-xu-mpls-in-udp-06 , which is the
>> subject of a lively discussion there.
>>
>> Cheers,
>> Andy
>>
>>
>> On Sun, Dec 30, 2012 at 3:45 PM, Damien Saucez <damien.saucez@gmail.com>wrote:
>>
>>> Hello,
>>>
>>> Interesting document, have you ever though of LISP to do that?
>>>
>>> Regards,
>>>
>>> Damien Saucez
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> Softwires mailing list
>>> Softwires@ietf.org
>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/softwires
>>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> lisp mailing list
>> lisp@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>>
>>
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div>Jon,<br><br></div>My intent wasn&#39;t to show suppor=
t for the draft, just to point out the relationship to the MPLS draft for t=
hose of you on the softwires list that may not have been following it. It&#=
39;s really up to the softwires WG to determine if it supports taking on th=
is draft as a work item.<br>

<br>Also, a comment to the draft-xu authors is that both of the draft-xu&#3=
9;s should probably cross-reference each other (they don&#39;t currently).<=
br><br>Cheers,<br>Andy<br></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><br><div cla=
ss=3D"gmail_quote">

On Wed, Jan 9, 2013 at 12:20 AM, Jon Steen <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D=
"mailto:steenjj@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">steenjj@gmail.com</a>&gt;</spa=
n> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;b=
order-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">

<div>Andy,</div><div>=A0</div><div>I would have to agree with Damien in som=
e sense, what other currently available standards are available to fulfill =
this need without adding the extra overhead.=A0 Overhead only adds to the p=
roceessing time it takes to relay the data.</div>


<div>=A0</div><div>Jon Steen</div><div><br><br>=A0</div><div class=3D"gmail=
_quote"><div><div class=3D"h5">On Mon, Jan 7, 2013 at 11:09 AM, Andrew G. M=
alis <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:agmalis@gmail.com" target=3D"_=
blank">agmalis@gmail.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>


</div></div><blockquote style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;=
border-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:=
solid" class=3D"gmail_quote"><div><div class=3D"h5"><div dir=3D"ltr"><div>F=
or the benefit of those of you that don&#39;t follow the MPLS WG list, this=
 draft is closely related to <a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-xu=
-mpls-in-udp-06" target=3D"_blank">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-xu-mpls=
-in-udp-06</a> , which is the subject of a lively discussion there.<br>




<br></div>Cheers,<br>Andy<br></div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><br><div =
class=3D"gmail_quote"><div>On Sun, Dec 30, 2012 at 3:45 PM, Damien Saucez <=
span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:damien.saucez@gmail.com" target=3D"_=
blank">damien.saucez@gmail.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>




</div><blockquote style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;padding-left:1ex;border=
-left-color:rgb(204,204,204);border-left-width:1px;border-left-style:solid"=
 class=3D"gmail_quote"><div>Hello,<br>
<br>
Interesting document, have you ever though of LISP to do that?<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
<br>
Damien Saucez<br>
_______________________________________________<br></div>
Softwires mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Softwires@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">Softwires@ietf.org<=
/a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/softwires" target=3D"_blan=
k">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/softwires</a><br>
</blockquote></div><br></div>
<br></div></div>_______________________________________________<br>
lisp mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">lisp@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp" target=3D"_blank">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a><br>
<br></blockquote></div><br>
</blockquote></div><br></div>

--047d7b6d98c658c5ae04d2db5797--

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From: jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu (Noel Chiappa)
Cc: jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu
Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of Mappings
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    > From: heinerhummel@aol.com

    > Pull (LISP) versus Push (legacy IP). This discussion confirms that LISP
    > is not and has never been a loc-id-split protocol.

So... LISP+NERD _would_ be a "loc-id-split protocol"?

{Sorry, all, couldn't resist... :-}

	Noel

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From: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>
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References: <CD11F3E1.330E3%terry.manderson@icann.org> <6.2.5.6.2.20130108003052.0bbe0540@resistor.net> <CF3FBD2E-C58D-4D00-A63C-6B30352D0402@apnic.net> <23FD04E4-9770-4A49-8E22-F130B1FE269B@gigix.net>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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On 09/01/2013, at 11:02 PM, Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net> wrote:

> Hi Geoff,
>=20
> On 8 Jan. 2013, at 20:21 , Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net> wrote:
>=20
>>=20
>> On 08/01/2013, at 9:34 PM, SM <sm@resistor.net> wrote:
>>=20
>>> Hi Terry,
>>> At 22:03 07-01-2013, Terry Manderson wrote:
>>>> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first =
like to
>>>> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>>>>=20
>>>> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it =
necessary/useful
>>>> for LISP?
>>>=20
>>> The work item seems useful.
>>>=20
>>>> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that =
the LISP
>>>> experiment is best served?
>>>=20
>>> The problem is justifying the IP address space allocation and =
explaining how it will be managed.
>>>=20
>>> My guess is that the working group took an ORCHID approach (copy and =
paste :-)).  I suggest dropping the idea of calling it a very =
large-scale experiment.  The unstated problem is about politics.  I =
suggest taking a look at draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.  It contains a good =
discussion of operational models and the trade-offs.
>>>=20
>>=20
>> I was on the IAB at the time that ORCHID was being considered - the =
issue there was to find a balance between enough bits for acceptable =
crypto and basic conservatism in the absolute size of the request - at =
the time a /28 appeared to be a suitable compromise considering that =
this was an experiment.
>>=20
>> Given that this is an experiment and that the transition from =
experiment to widespread deployment may well entail renumbering (as was =
the case with the 6bone) then one approach may well be to use a modest =
prefix that has a limited capacity that would force renumbering in the =
shift from experiment to widespread adoption, if such occurs in the =
future.
>>=20
>=20
> I may be mistake but I do not see the renumbering need in the LISP =
case.


It all depends on the philosophy behind experimental allocations. If we =
were to assume that each and every single experiment in IPv6, including =
all forms of cryptographically generated addresses, all forms of =
transitional mechanisms, all forms of address plans and all forms of =
routing experiments were each to request an experimental allocation that =
was "once and forever" and assumed at the outset that the experiment =
would result in comprehensive deployment over a network many many times =
larger than today's then I hope you can appreciate that we'd not have =
enough space to accommodate each and every experiment's requirements in =
the IPv6 space.

So the conventional philosophy behind experimental allocations is to use =
enough space to allow the experiment to operate and to gain experience =
with the technology. If this proves to be useful and taken up by the =
industry (and of course this process involves is by no means an assured =
outcome - quite the opposite in fact) then its again conventional to =
look at how to support the technology within the existing token =
distribution framework, or whether its appropriate to make changes to =
the token distribution framework. Now obviously some proponents of every =
experiment see universal adoption of their particular technology as a =
given, including some LISP proponents no doubt. So of course we see many =
(most?) experiment proponents proudly proclaim that they are uniquely =
different and obviously their particular experiment will naturally =
result in universal deployment, so why not assume that happy outcome at =
the outset of the experiment and allocate resources at a scale =
commensurate with their no doubt certain universal deployment in the =
not-so-distant future? But wishing it, no matter how enthusiastic you =
may be personally, does not make it so. A prudent approach in a space =
that has seen, and is likely to see, many experiments proposed, is =
generally to provision resources to conduct the experiment at the scale =
of the experiment and if the experiment leads to someplace positive then =
look at what is required if the technology is to head to larger levels =
of deployment.
=20

> The prefix request was written in such a way to reduce renumbering, =
rather making the prefix "bigger" so to accommodate the growth. This =
would also be an easy change, rather then adding different prefix blocks =
just change the length of the existing prefix.

I am continually confused by the assumptions behind this assertion, and =
I've heard this assumption a number of times in the course of the =
consideration of this draft. If LISP is so fragile that it requires a =
very particular deployed address structure in order to operate, then =
frankly we could do precisely the same in BGP and achieve better results =
because of avoidance of tunnelling. I find it somewhat strange to see =
this adamant view that LISP absolutely requires a uniquely structured =
address plan in order to achieve any useful outcome in terms of scalable =
routing, at a cost of increased latency and exposure to vagaries of =
tunnel behaviour, while at the same time ignoring the simple observation =
that if one were to do the same surgery on the address plan in BGP the =
outcomes would likely to be just as good if not better, without the =
negative factors of map-resolution-related latency and tunnelling.

>=20
> I think this is something to keep in the future document(s).

And I strongly disagree with your opinion. If we did this for every =
experiment that we encounter that proposes some unique address plan that =
is intended to improve security, routing scaleability, =
auto-configuration, pre-provisioning, network virtualization, software =
programability, etc etc, then once more we are going to find ourselves =
contemplating address exhaustion in IPv6 far sooner than anyone would've =
rationally anticipated.

Geoff


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From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Roger_J=F8rgensen?= <rogerj@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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I'll remove myself from the cc since I'm on lisp@ :-)


I have tried to write down one way to get this done in a way that
handle most aspect. First a summary  since this is a very long email.
The size of the address blocks are a suggestion from my side.


* we reserve a /12
* LISP EID block are marked as EXPERIMENTAL with a time limit, let's
say 7year, until 10.October 2020 (not random picked, but 10.10.2020
seems nice).
* set aside one /16 for each RIR
* out of this /16 _only_ upto /26 split into /32 (64 for each RIR
region) can be can be handed out and announced into the global routing
table. If someone need something more than /32 they should really come
up with a very good reasons now or just ask for regular RIR space
* before 1.January 2019 IETF will have to decide if the EXPERIMENTAL
was a success or a failure.
** If failure the entire address block are taken back before 31.Nov
2020, filtering etc like 6bone.
** If a success, we remove the 64 /32 (/26) limit and each RIR can
hand out LISP EID space from the above /12 in their region, much like
regular space.
* in the EXPERIMENTAL phase (until 31.November 2020)  one RIR/entity
keep track of the above /32 and a LISP-EID-wg decide and make up the
procedures for how this should be used.



now some more text why I've come up with this suggestion:

On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 7:03 AM, Terry Manderson
<terry.manderson@icann.org> wrote:
<snip>
> The Responsible AD and the LISP chairs have discussed the future of this
> document. We believe that the future of this document could be best serve=
d
> by splitting it in two (one that allocates/justifies the prefix, and one
> that describes the LISP specific allocation mechanism) and also altering
> text to address the concerns raised during the IETF LC.

Keep it as one document for the moment...


> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first like =
to
> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>
> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it necessary/use=
ful
> for LISP?

yes it is useful...


> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that the LIS=
P
> experiment is best served?
>
> I'd also like to call on those folks (as Brian did) who offered review of
> this document (CC'd here) during the IETF last call to participate on the
> LISP mailing list as to its future.

The key word here is EXPERIMENT as I see it _now_.
I found this post a while back
http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/lisp/current/msg04000.html


<start copy>
    From: Luigi Iannone <ggx at gigix.net>
    To: Roger J=F8rgensen <rogerj at gmail.com>
    Cc: ietf at ietf.org, lisp at ietf.org
    Date: Thu, 15 Nov 2012 14:22:50 +0100
<snip>
> I have to ask, who can request an netblock from this address space and
> from where?

Who: whoever is willing to deploy LISP.

Where: your RIR?


> I might be blind but I couldn't find it mentioned anywhere.
>

The purpose of the document is not to create a new way to distribute
prefixes with its own policies, rather to use the existing "process"
but just creating a code point specific for LISP.

<end of copy>





The problem here isn't so much WHO, it's more WHERE to get it. If we
involve the RIR we end up in a complicated process.
Complication don't always go well with EXPERIMENTAL processes.
The other important thing that hasn't been mention that much is HOW it
should be routed in the global routing table. This partly involve WHO
but more about this later. First WHERE.






When I read section "3. Rationale and Intent" in the draft I
understand that the purpose is to reserve a large block so you can
easier handle LISP EID space different than "regular" IP space on the
configuration level.

     The EID Block will be used only at configuration level, it is
     recommended not to hard-code in any way the IPv6 EID Block in the
     router hardware.  "



Combine this with the keyword "experimental" I would say this give us
a situation very alike to 6bone for those that remember that. Easy
addresses to get but you _knew_ you might had to change your prefix
and configuration at some point in the future. It's an EXPERIMENT.

First of all, let's change the "recommanded not to" into "MUST NOT be
hard-coded" or similar. Vendors are free to provide examples but it
must be possible to change it.



Then we add another section into the draft that mention this is a
_time limited_ experiment, let's say around 7 years or so
Reason for this follow
1.) 1/2 to 3 years to get LISP support from more vendors
2.) 1/2 to 2 years to plan, design and implement a setup using LISP EID spa=
ce
3.) 1-3 years to get more deployment of it so we can learn and see how
it works out
4.) we'll first see the real result of this in 2-5years time...

I know it's not possible for me to get a larger none-test LISP
deployment in place before in 1-2years time.





With the above mention update we now have a clearly defined experiment
with a time frame.
This make it easier to solve the WHERE.

If we could get one RIR or some other entity to take on the job free
of charge to keep track of this LISP space, they should
* provide whois service and documentation on who has valid LISP EID space
* provide a framework for asking for LISP EID space
* handle registry service for this space according to some guidelines
given by LISP-EID wg (1*)

This entity should probably not decide who can get, and who can not
get LISP EID space, that's upto LISP-EID wg (1*).
I would suggest RIPE or someone else with enough manpower and active
people involved in LISP work.

The last problem with WHERE is the management body (1*), LISP-EID-wg.
I would suggest this work sort of similiar to how 6bone worked. I say
LISP-EID-wg and not LISP wg since the latter are more involved in the
development of it. Many of the same people but different focus. Their
lifetime are anyway given by above time frame.








This bring us onto WHO and more important HOW -

Someone will have to announce something in the global routing table.
We can think back to how well 2002::/16 worked as other also has
mention. I think the lesson learned from 2002::/16 was that we can not
have one huge net block many ASN's are announcing.
I suggest we split the reserved /12 into some smaller blocks, set
aside a given size for each RIR region (one /26) and for each RIR
region the above LISP-EID-wg can give out /32 space until it's empty.
I would say the experiment are a success IF most regions run out of
space within the first 5 year really. At that time we just decleare it
a success, remove the EXPERIMENTAL including the artificial /26 limit
and let each RIR handle LISP-EID space almost as regular space...  :-)


About WHO, anyone being a LIR can ask for a LISP-EID space directly.
The reason are that the net-block has to be announced into the global
routing table. Everyone else will have to ask one of the few having
space for a connection...
I realize this open up a monopolistic situation really...  anyhow, if
we run out of space in the EXPERIMENTAL pool isn't that a success when
more than 64 ASN in one or more region are using LISP EID space ?:-)



About HOW. ASN holders can request it through above mention system,
LISP-EID-wg will have to decide what is the best for the overall
EXPERIMENT, that mean quite alot of ISPs might get a no on their
request. That should be well understood. This is not regular IPv6
address space.
This space is also limited and it will be reachable in the global
routing table. The overall impact on the rest of Internet are
marginal.
Another question, should we consider, or have an opinion regarding how
it's exchanged between participants?

Again, since this is a EXPERIMENT, I would suggest we kindly ask each
and every /32 holder of the LISP-EID space to peer wherever possible
with everyone without any discussion at every peering/connection point
they are at. LISP-EID-wg are free to request this kind of things to
make the experiment a success.
... not sure how well that are going down the throat of ISPs out there
but isn't this an EXPERIMENT on the LISP protocol?






I do support the idea behind the original LISP-EID-block request, but
as the LastCall showed, there where to many unknown to let it move
forward in that state.


now I will sit back and let my suggestion be torn to pieces and see
what we can end up with in the end :-)

--=20

Roger Jorgensen           | ROJO9-RIPE
rogerj@gmail.com          | - IPv6 is The Key!
http://www.jorgensen.no   | roger@jorgensen.no

From jmh@joelhalpern.com  Wed Jan  9 13:37:16 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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And this gets to the reason why specifying the allocation policy will 
take a lot longer.
 From what I understand of LISP, and speaking only as an individual 
participant, it is not at all obvious tome that the RIRs have an 
inherent role in LISP EID allocation.  LISP EIDs are not regional in any 
meaningful sense.

Note: Assuming we do create some mechanism for allocation, with multiple 
players, and assuming the thier members wanted them to, there is no 
reason that the RIRs could not choose to have a role.  I have no desire 
or ability to prevent them.  I just seen no reason to wire it in.

Yours,
Joel

On 1/9/2013 4:02 PM, Roger Jørgensen wrote:
> I'll remove myself from the cc since I'm on lisp@ :-)
>
>
> I have tried to write down one way to get this done in a way that
> handle most aspect. First a summary  since this is a very long email.
> The size of the address blocks are a suggestion from my side.
>
>
> * we reserve a /12
> * LISP EID block are marked as EXPERIMENTAL with a time limit, let's
> say 7year, until 10.October 2020 (not random picked, but 10.10.2020
> seems nice).
> * set aside one /16 for each RIR
> * out of this /16 _only_ upto /26 split into /32 (64 for each RIR
> region) can be can be handed out and announced into the global routing
> table. If someone need something more than /32 they should really come
> up with a very good reasons now or just ask for regular RIR space
> * before 1.January 2019 IETF will have to decide if the EXPERIMENTAL
> was a success or a failure.
> ** If failure the entire address block are taken back before 31.Nov
> 2020, filtering etc like 6bone.
> ** If a success, we remove the 64 /32 (/26) limit and each RIR can
> hand out LISP EID space from the above /12 in their region, much like
> regular space.
> * in the EXPERIMENTAL phase (until 31.November 2020)  one RIR/entity
> keep track of the above /32 and a LISP-EID-wg decide and make up the
> procedures for how this should be used.
>
>
>
> now some more text why I've come up with this suggestion:
>
> On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 7:03 AM, Terry Manderson
> <terry.manderson@icann.org> wrote:
> <snip>
>> The Responsible AD and the LISP chairs have discussed the future of this
>> document. We believe that the future of this document could be best served
>> by splitting it in two (one that allocates/justifies the prefix, and one
>> that describes the LISP specific allocation mechanism) and also altering
>> text to address the concerns raised during the IETF LC.
>
> Keep it as one document for the moment...
>
>
>> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first like to
>> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>>
>> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it necessary/useful
>> for LISP?
>
> yes it is useful...
>
>
>> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that the LISP
>> experiment is best served?
>>
>> I'd also like to call on those folks (as Brian did) who offered review of
>> this document (CC'd here) during the IETF last call to participate on the
>> LISP mailing list as to its future.
>
> The key word here is EXPERIMENT as I see it _now_.
> I found this post a while back
> http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/lisp/current/msg04000.html
>
>
> <start copy>
>      From: Luigi Iannone <ggx at gigix.net>
>      To: Roger Jørgensen <rogerj at gmail.com>
>      Cc: ietf at ietf.org, lisp at ietf.org
>      Date: Thu, 15 Nov 2012 14:22:50 +0100
> <snip>
>> I have to ask, who can request an netblock from this address space and
>> from where?
>
> Who: whoever is willing to deploy LISP.
>
> Where: your RIR?
>
>
>> I might be blind but I couldn't find it mentioned anywhere.
>>
>
> The purpose of the document is not to create a new way to distribute
> prefixes with its own policies, rather to use the existing "process"
> but just creating a code point specific for LISP.
>
> <end of copy>
>
>
>
>
>
> The problem here isn't so much WHO, it's more WHERE to get it. If we
> involve the RIR we end up in a complicated process.
> Complication don't always go well with EXPERIMENTAL processes.
> The other important thing that hasn't been mention that much is HOW it
> should be routed in the global routing table. This partly involve WHO
> but more about this later. First WHERE.
>
>
>
>
>
>
> When I read section "3. Rationale and Intent" in the draft I
> understand that the purpose is to reserve a large block so you can
> easier handle LISP EID space different than "regular" IP space on the
> configuration level.
>
>       The EID Block will be used only at configuration level, it is
>       recommended not to hard-code in any way the IPv6 EID Block in the
>       router hardware.  "
>
>
>
> Combine this with the keyword "experimental" I would say this give us
> a situation very alike to 6bone for those that remember that. Easy
> addresses to get but you _knew_ you might had to change your prefix
> and configuration at some point in the future. It's an EXPERIMENT.
>
> First of all, let's change the "recommanded not to" into "MUST NOT be
> hard-coded" or similar. Vendors are free to provide examples but it
> must be possible to change it.
>
>
>
> Then we add another section into the draft that mention this is a
> _time limited_ experiment, let's say around 7 years or so
> Reason for this follow
> 1.) 1/2 to 3 years to get LISP support from more vendors
> 2.) 1/2 to 2 years to plan, design and implement a setup using LISP EID space
> 3.) 1-3 years to get more deployment of it so we can learn and see how
> it works out
> 4.) we'll first see the real result of this in 2-5years time...
>
> I know it's not possible for me to get a larger none-test LISP
> deployment in place before in 1-2years time.
>
>
>
>
>
> With the above mention update we now have a clearly defined experiment
> with a time frame.
> This make it easier to solve the WHERE.
>
> If we could get one RIR or some other entity to take on the job free
> of charge to keep track of this LISP space, they should
> * provide whois service and documentation on who has valid LISP EID space
> * provide a framework for asking for LISP EID space
> * handle registry service for this space according to some guidelines
> given by LISP-EID wg (1*)
>
> This entity should probably not decide who can get, and who can not
> get LISP EID space, that's upto LISP-EID wg (1*).
> I would suggest RIPE or someone else with enough manpower and active
> people involved in LISP work.
>
> The last problem with WHERE is the management body (1*), LISP-EID-wg.
> I would suggest this work sort of similiar to how 6bone worked. I say
> LISP-EID-wg and not LISP wg since the latter are more involved in the
> development of it. Many of the same people but different focus. Their
> lifetime are anyway given by above time frame.
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
>
> This bring us onto WHO and more important HOW -
>
> Someone will have to announce something in the global routing table.
> We can think back to how well 2002::/16 worked as other also has
> mention. I think the lesson learned from 2002::/16 was that we can not
> have one huge net block many ASN's are announcing.
> I suggest we split the reserved /12 into some smaller blocks, set
> aside a given size for each RIR region (one /26) and for each RIR
> region the above LISP-EID-wg can give out /32 space until it's empty.
> I would say the experiment are a success IF most regions run out of
> space within the first 5 year really. At that time we just decleare it
> a success, remove the EXPERIMENTAL including the artificial /26 limit
> and let each RIR handle LISP-EID space almost as regular space...  :-)
>
>
> About WHO, anyone being a LIR can ask for a LISP-EID space directly.
> The reason are that the net-block has to be announced into the global
> routing table. Everyone else will have to ask one of the few having
> space for a connection...
> I realize this open up a monopolistic situation really...  anyhow, if
> we run out of space in the EXPERIMENTAL pool isn't that a success when
> more than 64 ASN in one or more region are using LISP EID space ?:-)
>
>
>
> About HOW. ASN holders can request it through above mention system,
> LISP-EID-wg will have to decide what is the best for the overall
> EXPERIMENT, that mean quite alot of ISPs might get a no on their
> request. That should be well understood. This is not regular IPv6
> address space.
> This space is also limited and it will be reachable in the global
> routing table. The overall impact on the rest of Internet are
> marginal.
> Another question, should we consider, or have an opinion regarding how
> it's exchanged between participants?
>
> Again, since this is a EXPERIMENT, I would suggest we kindly ask each
> and every /32 holder of the LISP-EID space to peer wherever possible
> with everyone without any discussion at every peering/connection point
> they are at. LISP-EID-wg are free to request this kind of things to
> make the experiment a success.
> ... not sure how well that are going down the throat of ISPs out there
> but isn't this an EXPERIMENT on the LISP protocol?
>
>
>
>
>
>
> I do support the idea behind the original LISP-EID-block request, but
> as the LastCall showed, there where to many unknown to let it move
> forward in that state.
>
>
> now I will sit back and let my suggestion be torn to pieces and see
> what we can end up with in the end :-)
>

From heinerhummel@aol.com  Wed Jan  9 14:39:00 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of Mappings
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
----------MB_8CFBCD13DF2BAC9_C24_B0958_webmail-m154.sysops.aol.com
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We all know a well running loc-id-split solution which is the yellow postal=
 service:  It forwards the letter to the indicated address and deliberately=
 risks an eventually negative  "return to sender, identifier unknown, no su=
ch number, no such phone..." i.e. does not waste its capacities with billio=
ns of UPDATEs to ensure that any ingress office would know that the potenti=
al receiving person really lives at the indicated address. Note, it is not =
already the egress post office per se, no, it is its mail man standing in f=
ront of the addressed door who recognizes that the letter can or cannot be =
delivered. This means: "loc-id-split" handled in such a way works for a net=
work which is 100,000 or may be 1 million times larger than the internet.=
=20


My TARA (Topology Aggregating Routing Architecture) precisely works that wa=
y. It does not waste the routers' capacities with thousands of reachability=
 updates per second. No PUSH and no PULL !!!=20


The sender sends the packet, bestowed with destination-identifier (ipv4 add=
r) and destination-(TARA-)Locator as learned from DNS, which is forwarded t=
o that TARA-site as indicated by this destination-TARA-Locator. There, 3 th=
ings may happen: 1) packet can be delivered, 2) a well-scoped broadcast sea=
rch can be started to look for the roaming destination user all over the lo=
cal geographical surrounding, 3) or alternatively a negative response.


Running out of IPv4 Unicast addresses, it is however necessary that any (ro=
aming) user owns an IPv4-address which is unique per its "home-geopatch" an=
d that it will be its IPv4-address plus its home-geopatch (2 octets) when r=
oaming.


I hope this also explains why LISP (in spite of its name) is not a loc-id-s=
plit solution.


Heiner


=20



















-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung-----=20
Von: Noel Chiappa <jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu>
An: lisp <lisp@ietf.org>
Cc: jnc <jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu>
Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 8:05 pm
Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of Mapping=
s


    > From: heinerhummel@aol.com

    > Pull (LISP) versus Push (legacy IP). This discussion confirms that LI=
SP
    > is not and has never been a loc-id-split protocol.

So... LISP+NERD _would_ be a "loc-id-split protocol"?

{Sorry, all, couldn't resist... :-}

=09Noel
_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
lisp@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp

=20



----------MB_8CFBCD13DF2BAC9_C24_B0958_webmail-m154.sysops.aol.com
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"

<font color=3D'black' size=3D'2' face=3D'arial'><font class=3D"Apple-style-=
span" size=3D"2">We all know a well running loc-id-split solution which is =
the yellow postal service: &nbsp;It forwards the letter to the indicated ad=
dress and deliberately risks an eventually negative &nbsp;"return to sender=
, identifier unknown, no such number, no such phone..." i.e. does not waste=
 its capacities with billions of UPDATEs to ensure that any ingress office =
would know that the potential receiving person really lives at the indicate=
d address. Note, it is not already the egress post office per se, no, it is=
 its mail man standing in front of the addressed door who recognizes that t=
he letter can or cannot be delivered. This means: "loc-id-split" handled in=
 such a way works for a network which is 100,000 or may be 1 million times =
larger than the internet.&nbsp;</font>
<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">My TARA (Topology Aggregat=
ing Routing Architecture) precisely works that way. It does not waste the r=
outers' capacities with thousands of reachability updates per second. No PU=
SH and no PULL !!!&nbsp;</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">The sender sends the packe=
t, bestowed with destination-identifier (ipv4 addr) and destination-(TARA-)=
Locator as learned from DNS, which is forwarded to that TARA-site as indica=
ted by this destination-TARA-Locator. There, 3 things may happen: 1) packet=
 can be delivered, 2) a well-scoped broadcast search can be started to look=
 for the roaming destination user all over the local geographical surroundi=
ng, 3) or alternatively a negative response.</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Running out of IPv4 Unicas=
t addresses, it is however necessary that any (roaming) user owns an IPv4-a=
ddress which is unique per its "home-geopatch" and that it will be its IPv4=
-address plus its home-geopatch (2 octets) when roaming.</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">I hope this also explains =
why LISP (in spite of its name) is not a loc-id-split solution.</font></div=
>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Heiner</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

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<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; color: black;=
 ">-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung----- <br>
Von: Noel Chiappa &lt;jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu&gt;<br>
An: lisp &lt;lisp@ietf.org&gt;<br>
Cc: jnc &lt;jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu&gt;<br>
Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 8:05 pm<br>
Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of Mapping=
s<br>
<br>







<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_0_9a08b70c-f242-4652-878b-7350f395dd27" style=3D"marg=
in: 0px;font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Sans-Serif;font-size: 12px;col=
or: #000;background-color: #fff;">

<pre style=3D"font-size: 9pt;"><tt>    &gt; From: <a href=3D"mailto:heinerh=
ummel@aol.com">heinerhummel@aol.com</a>

    &gt; Pull (LISP) versus Push (legacy IP). This discussion confirms that=
 LISP
    &gt; is not and has never been a loc-id-split protocol.

So... LISP+NERD _would_ be a "loc-id-split protocol"?

{Sorry, all, couldn't resist... :-}

=09Noel
_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
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<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp" target=3D"_blank">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a>
</tt></pre>
</div>
 <!-- end of AOLMsgPart_0_9a08b70c-f242-4652-878b-7350f395dd27 -->



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From gih@apnic.net  Wed Jan  9 14:49:07 2013
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From: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>
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To: Joel M. Halpern <jmh@joelhalpern.com>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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On the other hand Joel it could be said that you are reading a lot into =
white spaces without clear rationale. The regionality in the RIR =
structure has nothing to do with the regionality or, more relevantly, =
the lack thereof, in routing BGP, LISP or HELLO for that matter. So, for =
me, your comment does not appear to make much sense in this context.

Mine,
Geoff

On 10/01/2013, at 8:37 AM, Joel M. Halpern <jmh@joelhalpern.com> wrote:

> And this gets to the reason why specifying the allocation policy will =
take a lot longer.
> =46rom what I understand of LISP, and speaking only as an individual =
participant, it is not at all obvious tome that the RIRs have an =
inherent role in LISP EID allocation.  LISP EIDs are not regional in any =
meaningful sense.
>=20
> Note: Assuming we do create some mechanism for allocation, with =
multiple players, and assuming the thier members wanted them to, there =
is no reason that the RIRs could not choose to have a role.  I have no =
desire or ability to prevent them.  I just seen no reason to wire it in.
>=20
> Yours,
> Joel
>=20
> On 1/9/2013 4:02 PM, Roger J=F8rgensen wrote:
>> I'll remove myself from the cc since I'm on lisp@ :-)
>>=20
>>=20
>> I have tried to write down one way to get this done in a way that
>> handle most aspect. First a summary  since this is a very long email.
>> The size of the address blocks are a suggestion from my side.
>>=20
>>=20
>> * we reserve a /12
>> * LISP EID block are marked as EXPERIMENTAL with a time limit, let's
>> say 7year, until 10.October 2020 (not random picked, but 10.10.2020
>> seems nice).
>> * set aside one /16 for each RIR
>> * out of this /16 _only_ upto /26 split into /32 (64 for each RIR
>> region) can be can be handed out and announced into the global =
routing
>> table. If someone need something more than /32 they should really =
come
>> up with a very good reasons now or just ask for regular RIR space
>> * before 1.January 2019 IETF will have to decide if the EXPERIMENTAL
>> was a success or a failure.
>> ** If failure the entire address block are taken back before 31.Nov
>> 2020, filtering etc like 6bone.
>> ** If a success, we remove the 64 /32 (/26) limit and each RIR can
>> hand out LISP EID space from the above /12 in their region, much like
>> regular space.
>> * in the EXPERIMENTAL phase (until 31.November 2020)  one RIR/entity
>> keep track of the above /32 and a LISP-EID-wg decide and make up the
>> procedures for how this should be used.
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> now some more text why I've come up with this suggestion:
>>=20
>> On Tue, Jan 8, 2013 at 7:03 AM, Terry Manderson
>> <terry.manderson@icann.org> wrote:
>> <snip>
>>> The Responsible AD and the LISP chairs have discussed the future of =
this
>>> document. We believe that the future of this document could be best =
served
>>> by splitting it in two (one that allocates/justifies the prefix, and =
one
>>> that describes the LISP specific allocation mechanism) and also =
altering
>>> text to address the concerns raised during the IETF LC.
>>=20
>> Keep it as one document for the moment...
>>=20
>>=20
>>> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first =
like to
>>> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>>>=20
>>> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it =
necessary/useful
>>> for LISP?
>>=20
>> yes it is useful...
>>=20
>>=20
>>> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that =
the LISP
>>> experiment is best served?
>>>=20
>>> I'd also like to call on those folks (as Brian did) who offered =
review of
>>> this document (CC'd here) during the IETF last call to participate =
on the
>>> LISP mailing list as to its future.
>>=20
>> The key word here is EXPERIMENT as I see it _now_.
>> I found this post a while back
>> http://www.ietf.org/mail-archive/web/lisp/current/msg04000.html
>>=20
>>=20
>> <start copy>
>>     From: Luigi Iannone <ggx at gigix.net>
>>     To: Roger J=F8rgensen <rogerj at gmail.com>
>>     Cc: ietf at ietf.org, lisp at ietf.org
>>     Date: Thu, 15 Nov 2012 14:22:50 +0100
>> <snip>
>>> I have to ask, who can request an netblock from this address space =
and
>>> from where?
>>=20
>> Who: whoever is willing to deploy LISP.
>>=20
>> Where: your RIR?
>>=20
>>=20
>>> I might be blind but I couldn't find it mentioned anywhere.
>>>=20
>>=20
>> The purpose of the document is not to create a new way to distribute
>> prefixes with its own policies, rather to use the existing "process"
>> but just creating a code point specific for LISP.
>>=20
>> <end of copy>
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> The problem here isn't so much WHO, it's more WHERE to get it. If we
>> involve the RIR we end up in a complicated process.
>> Complication don't always go well with EXPERIMENTAL processes.
>> The other important thing that hasn't been mention that much is HOW =
it
>> should be routed in the global routing table. This partly involve WHO
>> but more about this later. First WHERE.
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> When I read section "3. Rationale and Intent" in the draft I
>> understand that the purpose is to reserve a large block so you can
>> easier handle LISP EID space different than "regular" IP space on the
>> configuration level.
>>=20
>>      The EID Block will be used only at configuration level, it is
>>      recommended not to hard-code in any way the IPv6 EID Block in =
the
>>      router hardware.  "
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> Combine this with the keyword "experimental" I would say this give us
>> a situation very alike to 6bone for those that remember that. Easy
>> addresses to get but you _knew_ you might had to change your prefix
>> and configuration at some point in the future. It's an EXPERIMENT.
>>=20
>> First of all, let's change the "recommanded not to" into "MUST NOT be
>> hard-coded" or similar. Vendors are free to provide examples but it
>> must be possible to change it.
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> Then we add another section into the draft that mention this is a
>> _time limited_ experiment, let's say around 7 years or so
>> Reason for this follow
>> 1.) 1/2 to 3 years to get LISP support from more vendors
>> 2.) 1/2 to 2 years to plan, design and implement a setup using LISP =
EID space
>> 3.) 1-3 years to get more deployment of it so we can learn and see =
how
>> it works out
>> 4.) we'll first see the real result of this in 2-5years time...
>>=20
>> I know it's not possible for me to get a larger none-test LISP
>> deployment in place before in 1-2years time.
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> With the above mention update we now have a clearly defined =
experiment
>> with a time frame.
>> This make it easier to solve the WHERE.
>>=20
>> If we could get one RIR or some other entity to take on the job free
>> of charge to keep track of this LISP space, they should
>> * provide whois service and documentation on who has valid LISP EID =
space
>> * provide a framework for asking for LISP EID space
>> * handle registry service for this space according to some guidelines
>> given by LISP-EID wg (1*)
>>=20
>> This entity should probably not decide who can get, and who can not
>> get LISP EID space, that's upto LISP-EID wg (1*).
>> I would suggest RIPE or someone else with enough manpower and active
>> people involved in LISP work.
>>=20
>> The last problem with WHERE is the management body (1*), LISP-EID-wg.
>> I would suggest this work sort of similiar to how 6bone worked. I say
>> LISP-EID-wg and not LISP wg since the latter are more involved in the
>> development of it. Many of the same people but different focus. Their
>> lifetime are anyway given by above time frame.
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> This bring us onto WHO and more important HOW -
>>=20
>> Someone will have to announce something in the global routing table.
>> We can think back to how well 2002::/16 worked as other also has
>> mention. I think the lesson learned from 2002::/16 was that we can =
not
>> have one huge net block many ASN's are announcing.
>> I suggest we split the reserved /12 into some smaller blocks, set
>> aside a given size for each RIR region (one /26) and for each RIR
>> region the above LISP-EID-wg can give out /32 space until it's empty.
>> I would say the experiment are a success IF most regions run out of
>> space within the first 5 year really. At that time we just decleare =
it
>> a success, remove the EXPERIMENTAL including the artificial /26 limit
>> and let each RIR handle LISP-EID space almost as regular space...  =
:-)
>>=20
>>=20
>> About WHO, anyone being a LIR can ask for a LISP-EID space directly.
>> The reason are that the net-block has to be announced into the global
>> routing table. Everyone else will have to ask one of the few having
>> space for a connection...
>> I realize this open up a monopolistic situation really...  anyhow, if
>> we run out of space in the EXPERIMENTAL pool isn't that a success =
when
>> more than 64 ASN in one or more region are using LISP EID space ?:-)
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> About HOW. ASN holders can request it through above mention system,
>> LISP-EID-wg will have to decide what is the best for the overall
>> EXPERIMENT, that mean quite alot of ISPs might get a no on their
>> request. That should be well understood. This is not regular IPv6
>> address space.
>> This space is also limited and it will be reachable in the global
>> routing table. The overall impact on the rest of Internet are
>> marginal.
>> Another question, should we consider, or have an opinion regarding =
how
>> it's exchanged between participants?
>>=20
>> Again, since this is a EXPERIMENT, I would suggest we kindly ask each
>> and every /32 holder of the LISP-EID space to peer wherever possible
>> with everyone without any discussion at every peering/connection =
point
>> they are at. LISP-EID-wg are free to request this kind of things to
>> make the experiment a success.
>> ... not sure how well that are going down the throat of ISPs out =
there
>> but isn't this an EXPERIMENT on the LISP protocol?
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> I do support the idea behind the original LISP-EID-block request, but
>> as the LastCall showed, there where to many unknown to let it move
>> forward in that state.
>>=20
>>=20
>> now I will sit back and let my suggestion be torn to pieces and see
>> what we can end up with in the end :-)
>>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp

--

Geoff Huston
Chief Scientist, APNIC

+61 7 3858 3100
gih@apnic.net





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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of Mappings (resent)
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sorrry,
two words (=3D identified by) were missing



-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung-----=20
Von: heinerhummel <heinerhummel@aol.com>
An: jnc <jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu>; lisp <lisp@ietf.org>
Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 11:39 pm
Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of Mapping=
s


We all know a well running loc-id-split solution which is the yellow postal=
 service:  It forwards the letter to the indicated address and deliberately=
 risks an eventually negative  "return to sender, identifier unknown, no su=
ch number, no such phone..." i.e. does not waste its capacities with billio=
ns of UPDATEs to ensure that any ingress office would know that the potenti=
al receiving person really lives at the indicated address. Note, it is not =
already the egress post office per se, no, it is its mail man standing in f=
ront of the addressed door who recognizes that the letter can or cannot be =
delivered. This means: "loc-id-split" handled in such a way works for a net=
work which is 100,000 or may be 1 million times larger than the internet.=
=20


My TARA (Topology Aggregating Routing Architecture) precisely works that wa=
y. It does not waste the routers' capacities with thousands of reachability=
 updates per second. No PUSH and no PULL !!!=20


The sender sends the packet, bestowed with destination-identifier (ipv4 add=
r) and destination-(TARA-)Locator as learned from DNS, which is forwarded t=
o that TARA-site as indicated by this destination-TARA-Locator. There, 3 th=
ings may happen: 1) packet can be delivered, 2) a well-scoped broadcast sea=
rch can be started to look for the roaming destination user all over the lo=
cal geographical surrounding, 3) or alternatively a negative response.


Running out of IPv4 Unicast addresses, it is however necessary that any (ro=
aming) user owns an IPv4-address which is unique per its "home-geopatch" an=
d that it will be identified by its IPv4-address plus its home-geopatch (2 =
octets) when roaming.


I hope this also explains why LISP (in spite of its name) is not a loc-id-s=
plit solution.


Heiner


=20



















-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung-----=20
Von: Noel Chiappa <jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu>
An: lisp <lisp@ietf.org>
Cc: jnc <jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu>
Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 8:05 pm
Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of Mapping=
s


    > From: heinerhummel@aol.com

    > Pull (LISP) versus Push (legacy IP). This discussion confirms that LI=
SP
    > is not and has never been a loc-id-split protocol.

So... LISP+NERD _would_ be a "loc-id-split protocol"?

{Sorry, all, couldn't resist... :-}

=09Noel
_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
lisp@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp

=20



=20
_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
lisp@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp

=20

----------MB_8CFBCD3CC017C6E_C24_B1076_webmail-m154.sysops.aol.com
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"

<font color=3D'black' size=3D'2' face=3D'arial'><font class=3D"Apple-style-=
span" size=3D"2">sorrry,</font>
<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">two words (=3D identified =
by) were missing<br>
</font><br>
<br>

<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; color: black;=
 ">-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung----- <br>
Von: heinerhummel &lt;heinerhummel@aol.com&gt;<br>
An: jnc &lt;jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu&gt;; lisp &lt;lisp@ietf.org&gt;<br>
Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 11:39 pm<br>
Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of Mapping=
s<br>
<br>







<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_46c943de-ae55-4a1e-8cd1-9f4a9f5dc50d">

<font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><font class=3D"Apple-style-=
span" size=3D"2">We all know a well running loc-id-split solution which is =
the yellow postal service: &nbsp;It forwards the letter to the indicated ad=
dress and deliberately risks an eventually negative &nbsp;"return to sender=
, identifier unknown, no such number, no such phone..." i.e. does not waste=
 its capacities with billions of UPDATEs to ensure that any ingress office =
would know that the potential receiving person really lives at the indicate=
d address. Note, it is not already the egress post office per se, no, it is=
 its mail man standing in front of the addressed door who recognizes that t=
he letter can or cannot be delivered. This means: "loc-id-split" handled in=
 such a way works for a network which is 100,000 or may be 1 million times =
larger than the internet.&nbsp;</font>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>

</font></div>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">My TARA (Topology Aggregat=
ing Routing Architecture) precisely works that way. It does not waste the r=
outers' capacities with thousands of reachability updates per second. No PU=
SH and no PULL !!!&nbsp;</font></div>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>

</font></div>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">The sender sends the packe=
t, bestowed with destination-identifier (ipv4 addr) and destination-(TARA-)=
Locator as learned from DNS, which is forwarded to that TARA-site as indica=
ted by this destination-TARA-Locator. There, 3 things may happen: 1) packet=
 can be delivered, 2) a well-scoped broadcast search can be started to look=
 for the roaming destination user all over the local geographical surroundi=
ng, 3) or alternatively a negative response.</font></div>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>

</font></div>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Running out of IPv4 Unicas=
t addresses, it is however necessary that any (roaming) user owns an IPv4-a=
ddress which is unique per its "home-geopatch" and that it will be identifi=
ed by its IPv4-address plus its home-geopatch (2 octets) when roaming.</fon=
t></div>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>

</font></div>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">I hope this also explains =
why LISP (in spite of its name) is not a loc-id-split solution.</font></div=
>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>

</font></div>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Heiner</font></div>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>

</font></div>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp;</font></div>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>

</font></div>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>

</font></div>



<div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>

</font>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>

</font></div>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>

</font>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>

</font></div>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>

</font>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>

</font><br>

<br>



<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; color: black;=
 ">-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung----- <br>

Von: Noel Chiappa &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu">jnc@mercur=
y.lcs.mit.edu</a>&gt;<br>

An: lisp &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a>&gt;<br>

Cc: jnc &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu">jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.=
edu</a>&gt;<br>

Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 8:05 pm<br>

Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-architecture: Demand Loading of Mapping=
s<br>

<br>









<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_0_9a08b70c-f242-4652-878b-7350f395dd27" style=3D"marg=
in: 0px;font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Sans-Serif;font-size: 12px;col=
or: #000;background-color: #fff;">

<pre style=3D"font-size: 9pt;"><tt>    &gt; From: <a href=3D"mailto:heinerh=
ummel@aol.com">heinerhummel@aol.com</a>

    &gt; Pull (LISP) versus Push (legacy IP). This discussion confirms that=
 LISP
    &gt; is not and has never been a loc-id-split protocol.

So... LISP+NERD _would_ be a "loc-id-split protocol"?

{Sorry, all, couldn't resist... :-}

=09Noel
_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a>
<a target=3D"_blank" href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a>
</tt></pre>
</div>

=20



</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</div>

</font>
</div>
 <!-- end of AOLMsgPart_2_46c943de-ae55-4a1e-8cd1-9f4a9f5dc50d -->


<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_3_46c943de-ae55-4a1e-8cd1-9f4a9f5dc50d" style=3D"marg=
in: 0px;font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Sans-Serif;font-size: 12px;col=
or: #000;background-color: #fff;">

<pre style=3D"font-size: 9pt;"><tt>________________________________________=
_______
lisp mailing list
<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp" target=3D"_blank">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a>
</tt></pre>
</div>
 <!-- end of AOLMsgPart_3_46c943de-ae55-4a1e-8cd1-9f4a9f5dc50d -->



</div>
</div>
</font>
----------MB_8CFBCD3CC017C6E_C24_B1076_webmail-m154.sysops.aol.com--

From sm@resistor.net  Thu Jan 10 00:17:26 2013
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Cc: Roger =?iso-8859-1?Q?J=F8rgensen?= <rogerj@gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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At 13:02 09-01-2013, Roger J=F8rgensen wrote:
>I have tried to write down one way to get this done in a way that
>handle most aspect. First a summary  since this is a very long email.
>The size of the address blocks are a suggestion from my side.

I'll make the counter-arguments.

>* we reserve a /12
>* LISP EID block are marked as EXPERIMENTAL with a time limit, let's
>say 7year, until 10.October 2020 (not random picked, but 10.10.2020
>seems nice).
>* set aside one /16 for each RIR
>* out of this /16 _only_ upto /26 split into /32 (64 for each RIR
>region) can be can be handed out and announced into the global routing
>table. If someone need something more than /32 they should really come
>up with a very good reasons now or just ask for regular RIR space
>* before 1.January 2019 IETF will have to decide if the EXPERIMENTAL
>was a success or a failure.
>** If failure the entire address block are taken back before 31.Nov
>2020, filtering etc like 6bone.
>** If a success, we remove the 64 /32 (/26) limit and each RIR can
>hand out LISP EID space from the above /12 in their region, much like
>regular space.
>* in the EXPERIMENTAL phase (until 31.November 2020)  one RIR/entity
>keep track of the above /32 and a LISP-EID-wg decide and make up the
>procedures for how this should be used.

This would be a long-lived experiment.  It rarely=20
works well in practice as the people who set it=20
up might not be there to clean up the mess.  It's=20
not a huge problem to ask for some IP address=20
space to reserved.  I am ignoring a few details=20
which might point to that being a problem.

The "if someone needs more space" makes it a IP=20
address allocation problem.  Someone will have to=20
deal with that request.  The IETF does not do=20
that.  I pointed to "operational models" in an=20
unrelated draft so that people can have at least=20
a little information about the options and decide=20
which option they prefer.  I prefer to avoid a=20
6to4 scenario as making anything historic is a=20
recipe for debate.  I don't like legacy space=20
because I am creating a problem for someone else to sort out.

At 13:37 09-01-2013, Joel M. Halpern wrote:
>And this gets to the reason why specifying the=20
>allocation policy will take a lot longer.

Not really.  It's only agreement that takes longer.

> From what I understand of LISP, and speaking=20
> only as an individual participant, it is not at=20
> all obvious tome that the RIRs have an inherent=20
> role in LISP EID allocation.  LISP EIDs are not=20
> regional in any meaningful sense.

The reality is that RIRs are currently managing=20
IPv6 address allocations.  It does not bother me=20
if IETF participants decide to give some other=20
entity the responsibility to do the work as long=20
as there is a clear explanation.

It is a lot of work to do an analysis of the=20
various alternatives and figure out the better=20
alternative.  The proposal made by Roger=20
J=F8rgensen is a step forward.  Geoff Huston=20
explained some stuff.  I think that his comments=20
may have been misunderstood.  Brian Carpenter=20
pointed to some interesting operational questions=20
that have been raised or implied.  I may be=20
missing them as I don't have a clear sense of how=20
the working group wants LISP to work.

At 04:04 09-01-2013, Luigi Iannone wrote:
>Not really, truth is that it was suggested to=20
>look at ORCHID, hence we tried to provide the=20
>same elements (or equivalent) that the ORCHID document provided.

Although there may be some elements in common the=20
problem is different.  The considerations were=20
different and the environment was different when ORCHID was approved as a=
 RFC.

Regards,
-sm =20


From jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu  Thu Jan 10 06:37:32 2013
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Date: Thu, 10 Jan 2013 09:37:30 -0500 (EST)
From: jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu (Noel Chiappa)
Cc: jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu
Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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    > From: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>

    > If we were to assume that each and every single experiment in IPv6
    > ... were each to request an experimental allocation that was "once and
    > forever" and assumed at the outset that the experiment would result in
    > comprehensive deployment over a network many many times larger than
    > today's then I hope you can appreciate that we'd not have enough space
    > to accommodate each and every experiment's requirements in the IPv6
    > space.

Understood.

But do you see a place to draw a useful distinction between 'reserved' and
'allocted'? E.g. if you _reserve_ a /12 for a particular thing, but only
_allocate_ a /24, then if the thing doesn't take off, you don't have to
rescind an allocation - all that happens is that the reservation for the
rest of the /12 is allowed to lapse.

    > So of course we see many (most?) experiment proponents proudly proclaim
    > that they are uniquely different and obviously their particular
    > experiment will naturally result in universal deployment, so why not
    > assume that happy outcome at the outset of the experiment and allocate
    > resources at a scale commensurate

Sorry, but I don't think that's what's happening here (at least, not in a
simple form).

The thing that's different here is that (in my limited understanding of how
this space is to be used) the _code_ is different depending on whether the
destination is in this space or not. So there are major, real costs to be
paid in changing the block of space used, later on. Its those costs we are
interested in avoiding, _not_ just 'let's not have to come back and allocate
more space later'.

(And the reservation/allocation distinction above is my attempt for all sides
have their cake here, and eat it too.)

    > If LISP is so fragile that it requires a very particular deployed
    > address structure in order to operate, then frankly we could do
    > precisely the same in BGP and achieve better results because of
    > avoidance of tunnelling. I find it somewhat strange to see this adamant
    > view that LISP absolutely requires a uniquely structured address plan
    > in order to achieve any useful outcome in terms of scalable routing

Again, I think you've got it wrong. LISP does't _require_ this block to
operate, as shown by the operation of IPv4 LISP, which works fine (and is
hoped to have a positive impact on the routing) without any such reserved
block.

I gather (again, not too familiar, so take this with a grain of salt) that
having a specific EID block allows us to do some additional useful things
which we can't otherwise do.

    > ignoring the simple observation that if one were to do the same surgery
    > on the address plan in BGP the outcomes would likely to be just as
    > good if not better

Again, no. For example, there's no way to do good support for widespread
(i.e. small entity) multi-homing support with a single-level namespace and
BGP, no matter what address plan one adopts.

	Noel

From ggx@gigix.net  Thu Jan 10 07:06:06 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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[snip]
> At 04:04 09-01-2013, Luigi Iannone wrote:
>> Not really, truth is that it was suggested to look at ORCHID, hence =
we tried to provide the same elements (or equivalent) that the ORCHID =
document provided.
>=20
> Although there may be some elements in common the problem is =
different.  The considerations were different and the environment was =
different when ORCHID was approved as a RFC.
>=20

That's why I put "(or equivalent)" ;-)

As a general comment I would say that whether choosing ORCHID as example =
was a good or bad idea does not really matter now.=20

Gather ideas and comments to go forward is the important point (and this =
thread is a of great help ;-)).

ciao

Luigi




> Regards,
> -sm =20


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From: Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Hi Geoff,

thanks for your feedback, few comments inline.

On 9 Jan. 2013, at 21:57 , Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net> wrote:

[snip]

> It all depends on the philosophy behind experimental allocations. If =
we were to assume that each and every single experiment in IPv6, =
including all forms of cryptographically generated addresses, all forms =
of transitional mechanisms, all forms of address plans and all forms of =
routing experiments were each to request an experimental allocation that =
was "once and forever" and assumed at the outset that the experiment =
would result in comprehensive deployment over a network many many times =
larger than today's then I hope you can appreciate that we'd not have =
enough space to accommodate each and every experiment's requirements in =
the IPv6 space.
>=20

Very true and I understands the concerns.=20
But
- here you have made the assumption that all "experiments" are equal.=20
- we are not asking to blindly handout prefixes (otherwise we wouldn't =
have this discussion in first place)


> So the conventional philosophy behind experimental allocations is to =
use enough space to allow the experiment to operate and to gain =
experience with the technology. If this proves to be useful and taken up =
by the industry (and of course this process involves is by no means an =
assured outcome - quite the opposite in fact) then its again =
conventional to look at how to support the technology within the =
existing token distribution framework, or whether its appropriate to =
make changes to the token distribution framework.

Agreed.

> Now obviously some proponents of every experiment see universal =
adoption of their particular technology as a given, including some LISP =
proponents no doubt. So of course we see many (most?) experiment =
proponents proudly proclaim that they are uniquely different and =
obviously their particular experiment will naturally result in universal =
deployment, so why not assume that happy outcome at the outset of the =
experiment and allocate resources at a scale commensurate with their no =
doubt certain universal deployment in the not-so-distant future?

I am now curious: how many people promoting an experiment in which they =
do not believe and do not see wide deployment did you encounter?

What I want to say is that is natural that people pushing for new =
technology tend to aim high (human nature?).

> But wishing it, no matter how enthusiastic you may be personally, does =
not make it so. A prudent approach in a space that has seen, and is =
likely to see, many experiments proposed, is generally to provision =
resources to conduct the experiment at the scale of the experiment and =
if the experiment leads to someplace positive then look at what is =
required if the technology is to head to larger levels of deployment.
>=20

Agreed.


>=20
>> The prefix request was written in such a way to reduce renumbering, =
rather making the prefix "bigger" so to accommodate the growth. This =
would also be an easy change, rather then adding different prefix blocks =
just change the length of the existing prefix.
>=20
> I am continually confused by the assumptions behind this assertion, =
and I've heard this assumption a number of times in the course of the =
consideration of this draft. If LISP is so fragile that it requires a =
very particular deployed address structure in order to operate, then =
frankly we could do precisely the same in BGP and achieve better results =
because of avoidance of tunnelling. I find it somewhat strange to see =
this adamant view that LISP absolutely requires a uniquely structured =
address plan in order to achieve any useful outcome in terms of scalable =
routing, at a cost of increased latency and exposure to vagaries of =
tunnel behaviour, while at the same time ignoring the simple observation =
that if one were to do the same surgery on the address plan in BGP the =
outcomes would likely to be just as good if not better, without the =
negative factors of map-resolution-related latency and tunnelling.

May be (or most probably) I am missing something, but if this was true =
this discussion would not take place.
BGP would evolve with the growth of the Internet and RFCs 4984 and 6115 =
wouldn't exist.

>=20
>>=20
>> I think this is something to keep in the future document(s).
>=20
> And I strongly disagree with your opinion. If we did this for every =
experiment that we encounter that proposes some unique address plan that =
is intended to improve security, routing scaleability, =
auto-configuration, pre-provisioning, network virtualization, software =
programability, etc etc, then once more we are going to find ourselves =
contemplating address exhaustion in IPv6 far sooner than anyone would've =
rationally anticipated.
>=20

Yes, as other suggested we can reserve the prefix for a certain number =
of years and then ask the IETF again what to do.=20

ciao

Luigi


> Geoff
>=20


From darlewis@cisco.com  Thu Jan 10 09:40:23 2013
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Authors,

Overall this is a really meticulous document- it's clear that the =
authors have spent a lot of time thinking about security threats as they =
relate to the LISP protocol.  Most of my comments below are about =
wording and organization, there is only a few technical =
questions/comments. =20


Comments to section 1: Introduction:

 Might want to add a note that the security evaluation is only from the =
perspective
 of use of LISP on the public Internet for the use of multi-homing =
(which is inferred=20
 by the fact that the LISP specifications are only for that use case). =20=

=20
 I believe this document would also benefit from some overall statement =
regarding
 the paramaters and posture of the analysis.  I.E. what standard are we =
evaluating
 the protocol against?  I think this intent is already in the document - =
that=20
 this document is supposed to see how the LISP protocol might change the =
posture of
 networks that deploy it, vs networks that do not deploy LISP.

 In addition, section 8 doesn't seem to fit into the flow of the =
document.  It might=20
 to fit better within the xTR threats section=85 having an outline that =
covers xTR
 (control/data), Interworking Components, Mapping System components in =
succession.
=20
 Finally, this document could use a summary - either in each of the =
major subsections
 (control and data plane) or at the end, summarizing the threats and =
determining
 if there are any unmitigated vulnerabilities.  The recommendation =
section is a good
 section, but doesn't align exactly with the flow of the draft.  So I =
found it hard
 to find if there are any serious un-mitigated threats in the protocol =
or
 implementation.
=20
 Comments to section 3: On Path Attackers
=20
 "We do not consider that LISP has to cope with such kind of attackers." =
  Seems wordy
 and may hide some meaning.  I think you mean that the authors agree =
with the LISP
 protocol's design decision to not consider this type of threat.  Maybe =
a clear=20
 statement like:  "As with IP, LISP relies on higher layer cryptography =
to secure=20
 packet payloads from on path attacks".
 =20
  The second paragraph of this describes in detail something you are not =
going to consider
  (a subset of on-path attackers using time-shifted replay attacks) =
something that=20
  while interesting I'm not sure is important given that you've already =
decided not
  to consider on-path attacks in the first paragraph.  I would consider =
deleting - maybe
  adding a parenthetical reference (including time-shifted replay =
attacks) in the first
  paragraph of section 3.
 =20
  Comments to 4: Off Path Attackers Reference environment
 =20
  Is there a reason why LR1 and LR2 connect to ISP-1 and ISP-2, while =
LR3 and LR4=20
  connect only to 'Internet'?  I don't think it matters but I am just =
curious if
  you did it for a reason.
 =20
  Comments to 5.x) =20
 =20
  A general comment about section 5 - many of these data plane =
black-holing
  issues are no different than IP - if I corrupt the IP data-plane  =
(BGP) then
  I can black-hole traffic.  I think its important to note that (like =
you did
  in section 4) where LISP is different or introduces new potential =
vulnerabilities.
  I think the difference from IP+BGP is mainly in its ability to =
encapsulate and
  redirect things to arbitrary destinations.  A short statement about =
this would=20
  help put this section in context.

  Further down in the section:
 =20
   "A key component of the overall LISP architecture is the EID-to-RLOC
   Cache.  The EID-to-RLOC Cache is the data structure that stores the
   bindings between EID and RLOC (namely the "mappings") to be used
   later on."
  =20
   Is a little unclear to me. It might be clearer to say in the second =
sentance:
  =20
 " The EID-to-RLOC Cache (also called the Map-Cache) is the data =
structure that
   stores a copy of of the mapping retrieved from a remote ETR's mapping =
database
   via the LISP control plane."=20
  =20
   So the above may not be great wording either, but the point I am =
trying to make=20
   is that the map-cache is a copy of the ETR's map-database, which is =
generally=20
   stored until replaced by a new mapping, or the mapping's TTL expires.
  =20
   In general this document uses the word 'can' to describe a possible =
attack=20
   scenario.  I would think it would be better to say 'could', which is =
a minor
   nit but one that kept coming to mind as I read the document.
  =20
   Comments to section 5.2)
  =20
   This section, located in the data plane, has many repetitive =
references to=20
   using the control plane to insert information into the map-cache data =
structure.
   When ever I see a list of 8 paragraphs all with similar wording at =
the end,
   (similarly to abive, again, again, etc) :-) I suggest revising these =
paragraphs
   structure.
  =20
  In this specific case. I think its appropriate to say that the ITR =
implementation
  can only, in general, trust what it learns from the control plane.  =
Compromising=20
  the control plane therefor will compromise the integrity and =
correctness of any=20
  copies made of this control plane's data (the map-cache).  You could =
then=20
  serially list the Bad Things (TM) that could happen once the Control =
Plane=20
  is compromised.

  Some further comments on the individual attacks you mention:
 =20
  (Reachability poisoning:) .... "If reachability information is not =
verified
         through the control-plane this attack can be simply achieved by
         sending a spoofed packet with swapped or all locator status
         bits reset."
        =20
         "simply achieved" I think is a qualitative analysis that should =
not be
         here - I would reword to say "this attack could be achieved" .
 =20
   Instance ID poisoning:  The LISP protocol allows using a 24-bit
         identifier to select the forwarding table to use on the
         decapsulating ETR to forward the decapsulated packet.  By
         spoofing this attribute the attacker is able to redirect or
         blackhole inbound traffic.=20

    I think you mean, above, that by spoofing the IID value the attacker
    might be able to cause traffic to be either be dropped or =
decapsulated
    and then placed into the incorrect VRF at the destination ETR... is =
that=20
    correct?
   =20
  "If the above listed attacks succeed, the attacker has the means of
   controlling the traffic."
  =20
   This seems an over-broad summary of the above.  I suggest something =
like: =20
  =20
   "If the ITR's map-cache is compromised (likely via compromising the =
LISP=20
   control plane) it is possible that traffic may be redirected =
(encapsulated=20
   to the wrong destination) a or dropped by the ITR."
 =20
   It might also be good to make a recommendation that if data plane =
redirection
   is of a critical concern, then deploying some sort of IPSEC or TLS =
based security
   on a layer above LISP (just like you would on top of IP) is a good =
idea.
  =20
   Comments on section 5.4.1:
  =20
  "Rate limitation, as described in
   [I-D.ietf-lisp], does not allow sending high number of such a
   request, resulting in the attacker saturating the rate with these
   spoofed packets."
  =20
   The above assumes the implementation of the rate-limiter is primitive =
enough
   to classify map-requests generated by these types of failures to be =
classified.
   and limited, in the same bucket as map-requests generated by =
(legitimate)=20
   data packets.  It might be better to make a recommendation - that =
indeed
   implementations should consider the instigation of the map-request - =
a data-packet=20
   (and even from which source EID), SMR, reverse cache check failure, =
and selectively
    limit each accordingly.   Section 11 has a nice description of this =
- and seems
    to be in contradiction to the claims in the above sections.
  =20
   Comments on section 5.4.2:
  =20
   Maybe it should be noted that Map-Versioning is an optional part of =
the LISP protocol
   and not all implementations support it.  "If map-versioning has been =
implemented by=20
   an xTR..")
  =20
   My comments to section 5.4.1 regarding rate-limiting apply here too, =
I think.
  =20
   Comments on section 5.4.4:=20
  =20
   I think the title should read "instance id' instead of "id instance'
  =20
   Comments on Section 6.1:
  =20
      "The first possible exploitation is the P bit.  The P bit is used =
to
   probe the reachability of remote ETRs in the control plane." =20
  =20
   Usually map-requests with the probe bit sent are sent from the the =
ITR's RLOC to=20
   the ETR's RLOC.  Since sending them via the control plane might not =
guarantee that
   they arrive on the appropriate ETR.
  =20
   " Furthermore, appending Map-Records to Map-Request messages =
represents
   a major security risk since an off-path attacker could generate a
   (spoofed or not) Map-Request message and include in the Map-Reply
   portion of the message mapping for EID prefixes that it does not
   serve."
  =20
   While some sites have chosen to accept those security risks and use =
gleaning,
   I agree that (like your earlier reference to trusting LSBs), gleaning =
is=20
   best used in more trusted environments, rather than the public =
Internet. In=20
   addition, I think this paragraph should reference section 6.3.
  =20
   Comments on Section 6.2:
  =20
   "Negative Map-Reply messages are used to support PTR and interconnect
   the LISP Internet with the legacy Internet."
  =20
   I think you mean to say that Negative map-reply messages are used to =
indicate
   non-lisp prefixes.  ITRs can, if needed, be configured to send all =
traffic destined for=20
   non-lisp prefixes to a Proxy-ETR.
  =20
   "Note, however, that the nonce only confirms that the Map-Reply was
   sent by the ETR that received the Map-Request.  It does not validate
   the content of the Map-Reply message."
  =20
   While the above seems correct, I had to read the text three times to =
make
   sure (was it originally written by Dino? :-)).  It might be clearer =
to say=20
   "the nonce only confirms that the map-reply received was sent in =
response to
   a map-request sent', it does not validate the contents of that =
map-reply.
  =20
   "In addition, an attacker can perform EID-to-RLOC Cache overflow
   attack by de-aggregating (i.e., splitting an EID prefix into
   artificially smaller EID prefixes) either positive or negative
   mappings."
  =20
   I'm not sure I follow the above, in a couple of different ways.  =
First,
   it seems you are suggesting that a malicious ETR might fragment its=20=

   eid-to-rloc database and then instigate traffic to its site, therefor =
creating
   alot of state on the corresponding ITR's map-cache.  But this doesn't =
follow=20
   the theme of the rest of the section which talks about off-path =
attackers
   sending map-replies.  Second, you mention that this type of thing=20
   could occur with negative mappings.  I can only imagine this =
happening with
   negative mappings in the case where an ETR, in conjunction with a =
mapping
   service provider's Map-Server, allowed for such de-aggregation into =
the=20
   control plane (DDT or ALT), or if a map-resolver was compromised and =
crafting
   specifically bogus information.   Neither of these scenarios seems in =
scope
   with the rest of the section.  I would recommend removing this =
paragraph.
  =20
   Comments on section 6.3:
  =20
   I suggest either an intro or summary (or both) to this very detailed =
section=20
   that sums up what you want to say, which I think is:
  =20
   "Appending Map-Data into Map-Requests, and then having an ETR glean =
that information
   on receipt of said map-request, bypasses all security protections of =
the LISP control
   plane.  It is slightly less evil if used with verification.   =
Therefor we=20
   recommend you do not do it unless you have a damn good reason to do =
so, or are in=20
   a trusted (read, not the public internet) environment. =20
  =20
   Comments on section 7:
  =20
   Unfortunately the Reference topology from section 4 doesn't include =
interworking
   components.  Some of this might be easier if it did, but I don't =
think its a=20
   critical issue.
  =20
   "To limit such an issue it is recommended to use the current practice =
based on
   firewalls and ACLs on the machine running the Proxy-ITR service."
  =20
   This seems a little unclear to me, I suggest something like:
  =20
   "To limit Proxy-ITRs being used as relays for attacks, Proxy-ITR =
operators are
   encouraged to implement best practices for data plane access control =
on the=20
   proxy-ITR and the boarder of the network, that is the edge of  the =
scope of
   the Proxy-ITR's announcement of the EID-Prefix."
  =20
   Note that Access Control Lists placed in front of Proxy-ETRs could be =
populated with=20
   the RLOC's of ITRs that are allowed to use said Proxy-ETR, which will =
greatly
   limit the possibility of traffic being injected by 3rd parties.
    =20
   Comments on Section 8:
  =20
   One general comment, this section has many long paragraphs, and might =
benefit=20
   from some additional hierarchy.
  =20
   "In this section, we discuss the threats that could be caused by
   malicious xTRs."
  =20
   This section seems to be somewhat contradicting section 5.1, which =
implies=20
   that compromised xTRs are out of scope.  If I understand your intent,
   I think you mean to say that you want to analyze how the LISP =
architecture=20
   handles parts of it being compromised. I think there is a=20
   disconnect in the flow of the document - to this point it has been a=20=

   thorough analysis of the protocol, and now it becomes a review of the =
LISP=20
   architecture's  operational security posture.  Now I definitely think =
a=20
   discussion like this belongs in this document, but I think further=20
   introductory text could frame this either in the introduction or via=20=

   organizing the outline differently.  In fact, I would consider=20
   changing the wording of the introduction - instead of having two main =
parts,=20
   the control and data plane, this document has two main parts - a =
protocol=20
   security analysis and a system security analysis.
  =20
   Ok, some specific comments about this section's text follows:
  =20
   "Malicious xTRs are probably the most serious threat to the LISP
   control plane from a security viewpoint."
  =20
   I might suggest a bit more detail here maybe something talking about
   why its so important, and why any shared control plane is easiest
   to attack from within the system (exactly like BGP).
  =20
   "The impact of a compromised lisp control plane can be severe, and
   the most effective way to attack any multi-organizational control=20
   plane is from within the system itself"
  =20
   Later in section 8:
  =20
   "The current LISP specification briefly discusses the overclaiming
   problem [I-D.ietf-lisp], but does not propose any specific solution
   to solve the problem.  Nevertheless, [I-D.ietf-lisp-sec] proposes a
   solution to protect LISP against overclaiming attacks under the
   assumption that the mapping system can be trusted."
  =20
   Not sure if the above commentary adds anything to the document.  The =
over claiming
   threat was discussed in Stockholm and Hiroshima, and determined to be =
important
   enough that a detailed proposal was developed as a separate draft.  =
In my=20
   opinion it solves the problem it was designed for elegantly and =
comprehensively.
   (also, what cryptographic solution to security doesn't have a trust =
anchor?)

   Later in section 8:
  =20
   "An important point to note about this flooding attack is that it
   reveals a limitation of the LISP architecture.  A LISP ITR relies on
   the received mapping and possible reachability information to select
   the RLOC of the ETR that it uses to reach a given EID or block of
   EIDs.  However, if the ITR made a mistake, e.g., due to
   misconfiguration, wrong implementation, or other types of errors and
   has chosen a RLOC that does not serve the destination EID, there is
   no easy way for the LISP ETR to inform the ITR of its mistake.  A
   possible solution is to enforce an ETR to perform a reachability test
   with the selected ITR as soon as there is LISP encapsulated traffic
   between the two."
  =20
   As you say, an ITR can make a reachability test (probe) to an ETR as =
soon
   as it receives a map-reply (in fact our implementation does this).  =
Also
   an ETR that receives traffic by mistake by sending a Solicit =
Map-Request
   back to the sending ITR.  So i strongly disagree with the wording =
above.
  =20
  =20
   Comments on section 9:
  =20
   Unfortunately, experience with BGP on the global Internet has shown
   that BGP is subject to various types of misconfiguration problems and
   security attacks.  The SIDR working group is developing a more secure
   inter-domain routing architecture to solve this problem ([RFC6480]).

   And yet, in-spite of this, BGP manages to do quite well on the global
   internet for tens of thousands of organizations and hundreds of=20
   thousands of routes.  SIDR comes at a complexity and operational cost
   which, in the case of ALT, might be low enough to see deployment.  In
   short, there is no free lunch.  The ALT would be at least as secure
   as the current global BGP infrastructure - and isn't that the bar we
   are trying to meet to see LISP be deployable?
=09
   Comments on Section 10.1. Map Server:
=09
=09
  "Similarly to the previous case, a malicious ETR can register an
   invalid EID-prefix to attract Map-Requests or to redirect them to a
   target to mount a DoS attack.  To avoid this kind of attack, the Map
   Server must check that the prefixes registered by an ETR belong to
   that ETR.  One method could be to manually configure EID-prefix
   ranges that can be announced by ETRs."
  =20
   In every MS implementation I'm aware of, the MS strictly checks the=20=

   EID prefix being registered against a static configuration.  We=20
   use operational techniques to validate the ownership of the prefix
   by the operator of the ETR.
  =20
=09
   Comments on section 10.2. Map Resolver:
=09
   While it is allowed within the architecture to have a caching =
Map-Resolver
   to my knowledge one has not been implemented.  The reason is that,
   aside from security, cache coherency in an environment that can =
support
   fast moves (like LISP-MN) is very hard.  So some mention of this
   might be good - its not like we have a mixture of caching and non =
caching
   resolvers deployed...
=09
=09
   Comments on section 11
=09
   This is a really nice set of recommendations, however, it might be =
nice=20
   to cross reference the recommendations with the sections (gleaning, =
etc).
   that they apply to.  For example, the rate limiting section applies =
to 5.4.1 etc.
=09
   I think this would go along way to my comment in the beginning that =
in=20
   this document its hard to get a concise list of threats and =
recommendations
   for their mitigation, and any outstanding threats that need further =
work.
=09
   "In order to mitigate flooding attacks it would be worth consider
   developing secure mechanisms to allow an ETR to indicate to an ITR
   that it does not serve a particular EID or block of EIDs."
  =20
   We have this, its called an SMR :-)
=09

=09
	-Darrel
  =20
  =20
  =20
  =20
  =20
  =20
  =20
  =20
  =20
  =20=

From vermagan@cisco.com  Thu Jan 10 14:50:54 2013
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From: "Vina Ermagan (vermagan)" <vermagan@cisco.com>
To: "draft-ietf-lisp-threats@tools.ietf.org" <draft-ietf-lisp-threats@tools.ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [lisp] LISP Threats Document Review
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Hi All,

Some general comments, followed by a few more detailed/minor suggestions.
Thanks to the authors for a very thorough analysis.

Best,
Vina
=20

General Comments:

- Abstract:

Draft reads:
"This document analyzes the threats against the security of the
 Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) and proposes a set of
 recommendations to mitigate some of the identified security risks."

Suggestion: This leaves the reader unclear about what the security state
would be after following the recommendations by this draft. Adding a
sentence such as the following is helpful: "By following the
recommendations of this draft a LISP deployment can achieve a security
level that is comparable to the existing Internet architecture."

- 6.Control Plane Threats

Section 6 talks about control plane threats. A reference to LISP-SEC in
this section seems appropriate. The first 5-6 sections of the threat
analysis draft were originally written before the LISP-SEC draft was
introduced and adopted by the WG (and hence they were very much
impact-full). It would be very helpful if the current version however
points out the security properties LISP-SEC brings to LISP, for instance
adding a sentence to 6.2 to this effect: "By enabling LISP-SEC Map-Reply
based threats are alleviated.".

- 5.2.1. EID-to-RLOC Cache Poisoning

The draft is pointing out that the list of cache poisoning examples here
are mostly enabled by (1) gleaning and (2) attacking the control plane.
>From attacks listed in the control plane in section 6, (a) Map-Reply based
attacks as well as (b) adding Map-Reply data to a Map-Request can lead to
these cache poisoning attacks. From these, Map-Reply based attacks are
alleviated by adopting LISP-SEC. It may be very helpful to bring this
information out by adding a summary at the end of this subsection noting
that:=20
"By disabling gleaning and piggybacked Map-Replies, and enabling LISP-SEC,
most (if not all) of the cache poisoning threats are mitigated."

- 11. Suggested Recommendations

Many of the recommendations here are regarding removing risky
optimizations such as gleaning, piggybacked Map-Replies, etc. Depending on
the security requirements of a specific LISP deployment, these risks may
be acceptable. To clarify this, it may be helpful to add a paragraph in
the beginning of this section to the following effect:
"Different deployments of LISP may have different security requirements.
The recommendations in this section mitigate the threats enumerated in
this document." =20

- 11. Suggested Recommendations - Last paragraph, page 27:

Page 27 reads:
"In [I-D.ietf-lisp], there is no mechanism that allows an xTR to
   verify the validity of the content a Map-Reply message that it
   receives.  Besides the attacks discussed earlier in the document, a
   time-shifted attack where an attacker is able to modify the content
   of a Map-Reply message but then needs to move off-path could also
   create redirection attacks.  The nonce only allows an xTR to verify
   that a Map-Reply responds to a previously sent Map-Request message.
   In order to allow verifying the validity and integrity of bindings
   between EID-Prefixes and their RLOCS solutions proposed in
   [I-D.saucez-lisp-mapping-security] and [I-D.ietf-lisp-sec] should be
   deployed.  Having such kind of mechanisms would allow ITRs to ignore
   non-verified mappings, thus increasing security."

I think the last sentence can be much stronger. Having LISP-SEC and
lisp-mapping-security in place would alleviate all the threats raised in
this paragraph.


Detailed/minor comments:

1. Introduction

Draft reads:=20
"The document is composed of two main parts: the first discussing the LISP
data plane; while the second discussing the LISP control-plane."

Suggestion: A third, and important, part is the Recommendations part.

5.2.2. EID-to-RLOC Cache Overflow

It may be very helpful if a summary paragraph is added pointing out that
"Disabling gleaning and enabling LISP-SEC would protect against the
threats enumerated in this section."

5.3

Last paragraph of this section is more of a suggestion/recommendation.
Same for last paragraphs of section 7. I think it would be helpful in
general if the recommendation information through-out the draft is called
out
, perhaps by adding a Mitigations/Recommendations label to the beginning
of such paragraphs.

8. Threats with Malicious xTRs

Draft reads:
   "The current LISP specification briefly discusses the overclaiming
   problem [I-D.ietf-lisp], but does not propose any specific solution
   to solve the problem.  Nevertheless, [I-D.ietf-lisp-sec] proposes a
   solution to protect LISP against overclaiming attacks under the
   assumption that the mapping system can be trusted."

The last sentence seems a little vague. I suggest changing it to something
like this: " By enabling [I-D.ietf-lisp-sec] overclaiming attacks are
mitigated under the assumption that the mapping system can be trusted."

10.1 Map-Server

Page 24 reads:=20
   "Similarly to the previous case, a malicious ETR can register an
   invalid EID-prefix to attract Map-Requests or to redirect them to a
   target to mount a DoS attack. To avoid this kind of attack, the Map
   Server must check that the prefixes registered by an ETR belong to
   that ETR.  One method could be to manually configure EID-prefix
   ranges that can be announced by ETRs."

This is already done today and is explained in the Mapping System draft,
right? Perhaps this paragraph can be removed.

10.2 Map-Resolver

Page 25 reads:
  "A possible way to limit the above-described attacks is to introduce
   strong identification in the Map-Request/Map-Reply by using the
   Encapsulated Control Message with authentication enabled."

Are you referring to LISP-SEC here? Calling it out may be helpful.

11. Suggested Recommendations

Title of this section seems repetitive. "Security Recommendations" or just
"Recommendations" may be better alternatives.

11.

Page 27 reads:=20
"=10=10In order to allow verifying the validity and integrity of bindings
between EID-Prefixes and their RLOCS solutions proposed in
[I-D.saucez-lisp-mapping-security] and [I-D.ietf-lisp-sec] should be
deployed.  Having such kind of mechanisms would allow ITRs to ignore
non-verified mappings, thus increasing security."

A minor technical question: is it ok to use "should" in "In order to allow
verifying the validity and integrity of bindings between EID-Prefixes and
their RLOCS solutions proposed in [I-D.saucez-lisp-mapping-security] and
[I-D.ietf-lisp-sec] should be deployed. ", considering that
[I-D.saucez-lisp-mapping-security] is an independent draft? Perhaps should
is too strong, "could" may be a better choice here?


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On Thu, Jan 10, 2013 at 3:37 PM, Noel Chiappa <jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu> wrote:
>     > From: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>
>     > So of course we see many (most?) experiment proponents proudly proclaim
>     > that they are uniquely different and obviously their particular
>     > experiment will naturally result in universal deployment, so why not
>     > assume that happy outcome at the outset of the experiment and allocate
>     > resources at a scale commensurate
>
> Sorry, but I don't think that's what's happening here (at least, not in a
> simple form).
>
> The thing that's different here is that (in my limited understanding of how
> this space is to be used) the _code_ is different depending on whether the
> destination is in this space or not. So there are major, real costs to be
> paid in changing the block of space used, later on. Its those costs we are
> interested in avoiding, _not_ just 'let's not have to come back and allocate
> more space later'.
>
> (And the reservation/allocation distinction above is my attempt for all sides
> have their cake here, and eat it too.)

In section "3. Rationale and Intent" in the draft there is this part:

     The EID Block will be used only at configuration level, it is
     recommended not to hard-code in any way the IPv6 EID Block in the
     router hardware.  "


I understood it that it will never be put directly into code, just in
the configuration. That's why I suggested to change this from
    "recommanded not to hard-code in any way"
to
    "MUST NOT be hard-coded in any way"

Still your argument are valid, it's hard to change it later on but it's doable.


-- 

Roger Jorgensen           | ROJO9-RIPE
rogerj@gmail.com          | - IPv6 is The Key!
http://www.jorgensen.no   | roger@jorgensen.no

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Date: Fri, 11 Jan 2013 06:46:41 +0100
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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On Thu, Jan 10, 2013 at 9:17 AM, SM <sm@resistor.net> wrote:
> At 13:02 09-01-2013, Roger J=F8rgensen wrote:
>>
>> I have tried to write down one way to get this done in a way that
>> handle most aspect. First a summary  since this is a very long email.
>> The size of the address blocks are a suggestion from my side.
>
>
> I'll make the counter-arguments.

excellent!:-)


>> * we reserve a /12
>> * LISP EID block are marked as EXPERIMENTAL with a time limit, let's
>> say 7year, until 10.October 2020 (not random picked, but 10.10.2020
>> seems nice).
>> * set aside one /16 for each RIR
>> * out of this /16 _only_ upto /26 split into /32 (64 for each RIR
>> region) can be can be handed out and announced into the global routing
>> table. If someone need something more than /32 they should really come
>> up with a very good reasons now or just ask for regular RIR space
>> * before 1.January 2019 IETF will have to decide if the EXPERIMENTAL
>> was a success or a failure.
>> ** If failure the entire address block are taken back before 31.Nov
>> 2020, filtering etc like 6bone.
>> ** If a success, we remove the 64 /32 (/26) limit and each RIR can
>> hand out LISP EID space from the above /12 in their region, much like
>> regular space.
>> * in the EXPERIMENTAL phase (until 31.November 2020)  one RIR/entity
>> keep track of the above /32 and a LISP-EID-wg decide and make up the
>> procedures for how this should be used.
>
>
> This would be a long-lived experiment.  It rarely works well in practice =
as
> the people who set it up might not be there to clean up the mess.  It's n=
ot
> a huge problem to ask for some IP address space to reserved.  I am ignori=
ng
> a few details which might point to that being a problem.

I agree, in practice this happen too often, which is why I suggest
this feature should be labeled EXPERIMENTAL but stable, or something
similiar and explain why.
That can also hurt deployment so we have to be very very clear on what
we mean with EXPERIMENTAL here.


> The "if someone needs more space" makes it a IP address allocation proble=
m.
> Someone will have to deal with that request.  The IETF does not do that. =
 I
> pointed to "operational models" in an unrelated draft so that people can
> have at least a little information about the options and decide which opt=
ion
> they prefer.  I prefer to avoid a 6to4 scenario as making anything histor=
ic
> is a recipe for debate.  I don't like legacy space because I am creating =
a
> problem for someone else to sort out.

In the beggining only a limited piece of that reserved /12 will be
used, if we divide it into regions or not that's no big deal, point
being it's limited affect on the _global_ routing table since those
/32 will have to be announced there. I mention RIR regions to get some
geographical diversity in the experiment, not being EU/US region
alone.

And about handing out those /32, there will be a set of guidelines
telling the RIR/entinty managing this in practice on how they should
deal with it, in all practical matter the LISP-EID-wg will have to
decide on which ISP should be let into the experiment now in the
begging to make sure we actual get an experiment.

Also - only a limited part of the /12 will be used, if that space are
empty within lets say 5 years I will claim this being a success and at
which point LISP-EID-wg/LISP-wg need to a discussion and decide,
should the restriction being removed or should we call this experiment
a failure. In the end it's IETF that will have to "approve" it.




> At 13:37 09-01-2013, Joel M. Halpern wrote:
<snip>
>
>> From what I understand of LISP, and speaking only as an individual
>> participant, it is not at all obvious tome that the RIRs have an inheren=
t
>> role in LISP EID allocation.  LISP EIDs are not regional in any meaningf=
ul
>> sense.
>
>
> The reality is that RIRs are currently managing IPv6 address allocations.
> It does not bother me if IETF participants decide to give some other enti=
ty
> the responsibility to do the work as long as there is a clear explanation=
.

I think we should use the RIRs as long as it's possible, but of
course, this space LISP work in general do question how the future
should be. BUT that's an ENTIRELY different discussion.
Right now we're using the tools and functions available out there and
it would be stupid to not relay on and reuse the experience and
knowledge sitting within the RIR community.


> It is a lot of work to do an analysis of the various alternatives and fig=
ure
> out the better alternative.  The proposal made by Roger J=F8rgensen is a =
step
> forward.  Geoff Huston explained some stuff.  I think that his comments m=
ay
> have been misunderstood.  Brian Carpenter pointed to some interesting
> operational questions that have been raised or implied.  I may be missing
> them as I don't have a clear sense of how the working group wants LISP to
> work.

That's a excellent point, how do we want LISP to work... I think I
understand it but I have no problem to see that it's unclear. I guess
that's a direct request to this WG, make sure that part is
communicated better. However, it's still in the early phase of the
protocol so understandable that it's unclear to.




--=20

Roger Jorgensen           | ROJO9-RIPE
rogerj@gmail.com          | - IPv6 is The Key!
http://www.jorgensen.no   | roger@jorgensen.no

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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Hi Roger,
At 21:46 10-01-2013, Roger J=F8rgensen wrote:
>I agree, in practice this happen too often, which is why I suggest
>this feature should be labeled EXPERIMENTAL but stable, or something
>similiar and explain why.
>That can also hurt deployment so we have to be very very clear on what
>we mean with EXPERIMENTAL here.

There was an provider in the Far East leaking out=20
IPv4 shared address space and there was a=20
provider in the Far West who did not follow the=20
guidance in the specification.  My guess is that=20
the label will be ignored.  In the IETF even if=20
you are very very clear on what you mean someone=20
will find a way around that.  :-)

>In the beggining only a limited piece of that reserved /12 will be
>used, if we divide it into regions or not that's no big deal, point
>being it's limited affect on the _global_ routing table since those
>/32 will have to be announced there. I mention RIR regions to get some
>geographical diversity in the experiment, not being EU/US region
>alone.
>
>And about handing out those /32, there will be a set of guidelines
>telling the RIR/entinty managing this in practice on how they should
>deal with it, in all practical matter the LISP-EID-wg will have to
>decide on which ISP should be let into the experiment now in the
>begging to make sure we actual get an experiment.

As a side note, I asked for somebody to point me=20
to the IANA policy mentioned in the draft (or=20
during previous discussions).  Nobody did=20
that.   A long time ago this would be a matter of=20
"please reserve a /12" without any hassle.  Let's=20
say LISP is successful.  There will be a time=20
when that /12 is not enough.  Then what?

I don't think that it is a good idea for the IETF=20
to get into RIR policy in a draft.  The only=20
reason to call all this an experiment (even=20
though it is actually an experiment) is to get=20
the IPv6 address space for free.  I don't think=20
that there would be many hurdles in getting that=20
if someone puts effort into it.  A simple path is to say so and ask nicely.=
 :-)

Regards,
-sm

P.S. The LISP WG did ask nicely.  Maybe there=20
wasn't a thorough discussion of the issues.=20


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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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> From: Roger J=F8rgensen [mailto:rogerj@gmail.com]>
>
> * we reserve a /12
> * LISP EID block are marked as EXPERIMENTAL with a time limit, let's say
> 7year, until 10.October 2020 (not random picked, but 10.10.2020 seems
> nice).
> * set aside one /16 for each RIR
> * out of this /16 _only_ upto /26 split into /32 (64 for each RIR
> region) can be can be handed out and announced into the global routing
> table. If someone need something more than /32 they should really come
> up with a very good reasons now or just ask for regular RIR space
> * before 1.January 2019 IETF will have to decide if the EXPERIMENTAL was
> a success or a failure.
> ** If failure the entire address block are taken back before 31.Nov
> 2020, filtering etc like 6bone.
> ** If a success, we remove the 64 /32 (/26) limit and each RIR can hand
> out LISP EID space from the above /12 in their region, much like regular
> space.
> * in the EXPERIMENTAL phase (until 31.November 2020)  one RIR/entity
> keep track of the above /32 and a LISP-EID-wg decide and make up the
> procedures for how this should be used.

[WEG] This would address my concerns with the requested reservation and all=
ocation. The one thing I might add is support for a smaller initial reserva=
tion and subtending allocation(s) that were reserved and allocated in such =
a way that they could be grown by simply changing the bitmask if that ends =
up being necessary. I would think that the size of block(s) needed would be=
 something that could be much more effectively evaluated as the experiment =
moves forward and we have a better sense for how the space gets used, and a=
t the conclusion of the experiment, if there is success, there will be a cl=
ear justification for whatever block is deemed necessary.

Thanks
Wes George

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From heinerhummel@aol.com  Fri Jan 11 15:00:18 2013
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References: <CD11F3E1.330E3%terry.manderson@icann.org> <6.2.5.6.2.20130108003052.0bbe0540@resistor.net> <CF3FBD2E-C58D-4D00-A63C-6B30352D0402@apnic.net> <23FD04E4-9770-4A49-8E22-F130B1FE269B@gigix.net> <522431CF-7701-47B1-8A8F-4916ABE7ACDA@apnic.net>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Well spoken.


Heiner=20



-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung-----=20
Von: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>
An: Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net>
Cc: LISP mailing list list <lisp@ietf.org>
Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 9:57 pm
Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup



On 09/01/2013, at 11:02 PM, Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net> wrote:

> Hi Geoff,
>=20
> On 8 Jan. 2013, at 20:21 , Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net> wrote:
>=20
>>=20
>> On 08/01/2013, at 9:34 PM, SM <sm@resistor.net> wrote:
>>=20
>>> Hi Terry,
>>> At 22:03 07-01-2013, Terry Manderson wrote:
>>>> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first li=
ke to
>>>> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>>>>=20
>>>> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it=20
necessary/useful
>>>> for LISP?
>>>=20
>>> The work item seems useful.
>>>=20
>>>> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that the =
LISP
>>>> experiment is best served?
>>>=20
>>> The problem is justifying the IP address space allocation and explainin=
g how=20
it will be managed.
>>>=20
>>> My guess is that the working group took an ORCHID approach (copy and pa=
ste=20
:-)).  I suggest dropping the idea of calling it a very large-scale experim=
ent. =20
The unstated problem is about politics.  I suggest taking a look at=20
draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.  It contains a good discussion of operational mode=
ls=20
and the trade-offs.
>>>=20
>>=20
>> I was on the IAB at the time that ORCHID was being considered - the issu=
e=20
there was to find a balance between enough bits for acceptable crypto and b=
asic=20
conservatism in the absolute size of the request - at the time a /28 appear=
ed to=20
be a suitable compromise considering that this was an experiment.
>>=20
>> Given that this is an experiment and that the transition from experiment=
 to=20
widespread deployment may well entail renumbering (as was the case with the=
=20
6bone) then one approach may well be to use a modest prefix that has a limi=
ted=20
capacity that would force renumbering in the shift from experiment to wides=
pread=20
adoption, if such occurs in the future.
>>=20
>=20
> I may be mistake but I do not see the renumbering need in the LISP case.


It all depends on the philosophy behind experimental allocations. If we wer=
e to=20
assume that each and every single experiment in IPv6, including all forms o=
f=20
cryptographically generated addresses, all forms of transitional mechanisms=
, all=20
forms of address plans and all forms of routing experiments were each to re=
quest=20
an experimental allocation that was "once and forever" and assumed at the o=
utset=20
that the experiment would result in comprehensive deployment over a network=
 many=20
many times larger than today's then I hope you can appreciate that we'd not=
 have=20
enough space to accommodate each and every experiment's requirements in the=
 IPv6=20
space.

So the conventional philosophy behind experimental allocations is to use en=
ough=20
space to allow the experiment to operate and to gain experience with the=20
technology. If this proves to be useful and taken up by the industry (and o=
f=20
course this process involves is by no means an assured outcome - quite the=
=20
opposite in fact) then its again conventional to look at how to support the=
=20
technology within the existing token distribution framework, or whether its=
=20
appropriate to make changes to the token distribution framework. Now obviou=
sly=20
some proponents of every experiment see universal adoption of their particu=
lar=20
technology as a given, including some LISP proponents no doubt. So of cours=
e we=20
see many (most?) experiment proponents proudly proclaim that they are uniqu=
ely=20
different and obviously their particular experiment will naturally result i=
n=20
universal deployment, so why not assume that happy outcome at the outset of=
 the=20
experiment and allocate resources at a scale commensurate w
 ith their no doubt certain universal deployment in the not-so-distant futu=
re?=20
But wishing it, no matter how enthusiastic you may be personally, does not =
make=20
it so. A prudent approach in a space that has seen, and is likely to see, m=
any=20
experiments proposed, is generally to provision resources to conduct the=20
experiment at the scale of the experiment and if the experiment leads to=20
someplace positive then look at what is required if the technology is to he=
ad to=20
larger levels of deployment.
=20

> The prefix request was written in such a way to reduce renumbering, rathe=
r=20
making the prefix "bigger" so to accommodate the growth. This would also be=
 an=20
easy change, rather then adding different prefix blocks just change the len=
gth=20
of the existing prefix.

I am continually confused by the assumptions behind this assertion, and I'v=
e=20
heard this assumption a number of times in the course of the consideration =
of=20
this draft. If LISP is so fragile that it requires a very particular deploy=
ed=20
address structure in order to operate, then frankly we could do precisely t=
he=20
same in BGP and achieve better results because of avoidance of tunnelling. =
I=20
find it somewhat strange to see this adamant view that LISP absolutely requ=
ires=20
a uniquely structured address plan in order to achieve any useful outcome i=
n=20
terms of scalable routing, at a cost of increased latency and exposure to=
=20
vagaries of tunnel behaviour, while at the same time ignoring the simple=20
observation that if one were to do the same surgery on the address plan in =
BGP=20
the outcomes would likely to be just as good if not better, without the neg=
ative=20
factors of map-resolution-related latency and tunnelling.

>=20
> I think this is something to keep in the future document(s).

And I strongly disagree with your opinion. If we did this for every experim=
ent=20
that we encounter that proposes some unique address plan that is intended t=
o=20
improve security, routing scaleability, auto-configuration, pre-provisionin=
g,=20
network virtualization, software programability, etc etc, then once more we=
 are=20
going to find ourselves contemplating address exhaustion in IPv6 far sooner=
 than=20
anyone would've rationally anticipated.

Geoff

_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
lisp@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp

=20

----------MB_8CFBE6688EA22FA_166C_31BF0_webmail-d093.sysops.aol.com
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"

<font color=3D'black' size=3D'2' face=3D'arial'><font class=3D"Apple-style-=
span" size=3D"2">Well spoken.</font>
<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Heiner&nbsp;<br>
</font><br>
<br>

<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; color: black;=
 ">-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung----- <br>
Von: Geoff Huston &lt;gih@apnic.net&gt;<br>
An: Luigi Iannone &lt;ggx@gigix.net&gt;<br>
Cc: LISP mailing list list &lt;lisp@ietf.org&gt;<br>
Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 9:57 pm<br>
Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup<br>
<br>







<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_0_fabb93d1-e997-4250-905d-4d95d7dfd962" style=3D"marg=
in: 0px;font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Sans-Serif;font-size: 12px;col=
or: #000;background-color: #fff;">

<pre style=3D"font-size: 9pt;"><tt>
On 09/01/2013, at 11:02 PM, Luigi Iannone &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ggx@gigix.n=
et">ggx@gigix.net</a>&gt; wrote:

&gt; Hi Geoff,
&gt;=20
&gt; On 8 Jan. 2013, at 20:21 , Geoff Huston &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:gih@apni=
c.net">gih@apnic.net</a>&gt; wrote:
&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt; On 08/01/2013, at 9:34 PM, SM &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:sm@resistor.ne=
t">sm@resistor.net</a>&gt; wrote:
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; Hi Terry,
&gt;&gt;&gt; At 22:03 07-01-2013, Terry Manderson wrote:
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I wo=
uld first like to
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is i=
t=20
necessary/useful
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; for LISP?
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; The work item seems useful.
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document =
so that the LISP
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; experiment is best served?
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; The problem is justifying the IP address space allocation and =
explaining how=20
it will be managed.
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; My guess is that the working group took an ORCHID approach (co=
py and paste=20
:-)).  I suggest dropping the idea of calling it a very large-scale experim=
ent. =20
The unstated problem is about politics.  I suggest taking a look at=20
draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.  It contains a good discussion of operational mode=
ls=20
and the trade-offs.
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt; I was on the IAB at the time that ORCHID was being considered - th=
e issue=20
there was to find a balance between enough bits for acceptable crypto and b=
asic=20
conservatism in the absolute size of the request - at the time a /28 appear=
ed to=20
be a suitable compromise considering that this was an experiment.
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt; Given that this is an experiment and that the transition from expe=
riment to=20
widespread deployment may well entail renumbering (as was the case with the=
=20
6bone) then one approach may well be to use a modest prefix that has a limi=
ted=20
capacity that would force renumbering in the shift from experiment to wides=
pread=20
adoption, if such occurs in the future.
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;=20
&gt; I may be mistake but I do not see the renumbering need in the LISP cas=
e.


It all depends on the philosophy behind experimental allocations. If we wer=
e to=20
assume that each and every single experiment in IPv6, including all forms o=
f=20
cryptographically generated addresses, all forms of transitional mechanisms=
, all=20
forms of address plans and all forms of routing experiments were each to re=
quest=20
an experimental allocation that was "once and forever" and assumed at the o=
utset=20
that the experiment would result in comprehensive deployment over a network=
 many=20
many times larger than today's then I hope you can appreciate that we'd not=
 have=20
enough space to accommodate each and every experiment's requirements in the=
 IPv6=20
space.

So the conventional philosophy behind experimental allocations is to use en=
ough=20
space to allow the experiment to operate and to gain experience with the=20
technology. If this proves to be useful and taken up by the industry (and o=
f=20
course this process involves is by no means an assured outcome - quite the=
=20
opposite in fact) then its again conventional to look at how to support the=
=20
technology within the existing token distribution framework, or whether its=
=20
appropriate to make changes to the token distribution framework. Now obviou=
sly=20
some proponents of every experiment see universal adoption of their particu=
lar=20
technology as a given, including some LISP proponents no doubt. So of cours=
e we=20
see many (most?) experiment proponents proudly proclaim that they are uniqu=
ely=20
different and obviously their particular experiment will naturally result i=
n=20
universal deployment, so why not assume that happy outcome at the outset of=
 the=20
experiment and allocate resources at a scale commensurate w
 ith their no doubt certain universal deployment in the not-so-distant futu=
re?=20
But wishing it, no matter how enthusiastic you may be personally, does not =
make=20
it so. A prudent approach in a space that has seen, and is likely to see, m=
any=20
experiments proposed, is generally to provision resources to conduct the=20
experiment at the scale of the experiment and if the experiment leads to=20
someplace positive then look at what is required if the technology is to he=
ad to=20
larger levels of deployment.
=20

&gt; The prefix request was written in such a way to reduce renumbering, ra=
ther=20
making the prefix "bigger" so to accommodate the growth. This would also be=
 an=20
easy change, rather then adding different prefix blocks just change the len=
gth=20
of the existing prefix.

I am continually confused by the assumptions behind this assertion, and I'v=
e=20
heard this assumption a number of times in the course of the consideration =
of=20
this draft. If LISP is so fragile that it requires a very particular deploy=
ed=20
address structure in order to operate, then frankly we could do precisely t=
he=20
same in BGP and achieve better results because of avoidance of tunnelling. =
I=20
find it somewhat strange to see this adamant view that LISP absolutely requ=
ires=20
a uniquely structured address plan in order to achieve any useful outcome i=
n=20
terms of scalable routing, at a cost of increased latency and exposure to=
=20
vagaries of tunnel behaviour, while at the same time ignoring the simple=20
observation that if one were to do the same surgery on the address plan in =
BGP=20
the outcomes would likely to be just as good if not better, without the neg=
ative=20
factors of map-resolution-related latency and tunnelling.

&gt;=20
&gt; I think this is something to keep in the future document(s).

And I strongly disagree with your opinion. If we did this for every experim=
ent=20
that we encounter that proposes some unique address plan that is intended t=
o=20
improve security, routing scaleability, auto-configuration, pre-provisionin=
g,=20
network virtualization, software programability, etc etc, then once more we=
 are=20
going to find ourselves contemplating address exhaustion in IPv6 far sooner=
 than=20
anyone would've rationally anticipated.

Geoff

_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp" target=3D"_blank">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a>
</tt></pre>
</div>
 <!-- end of AOLMsgPart_0_fabb93d1-e997-4250-905d-4d95d7dfd962 -->



</div>
</div>
</font>
----------MB_8CFBE6688EA22FA_166C_31BF0_webmail-d093.sysops.aol.com--

From jmh@joelhalpern.com  Fri Jan 11 21:42:59 2013
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Message-ID: <50F0F7DA.5030205@joelhalpern.com>
Date: Sat, 12 Jan 2013 00:42:50 -0500
From: "Joel M. Halpern" <jmh@joelhalpern.com>
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To: "George, Wes" <wesley.george@twcable.com>
References: <CD11F3E1.330E3%terry.manderson@icann.org> <CAKFn1SF5u-UtWz63qvLLnnWff_SNGoiby0xj6cSV8u+N-5jYcQ@mail.gmail.com> <2671C6CDFBB59E47B64C10B3E0BD5923033AD6B883@PRVPEXVS15.corp.twcable.com>
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Cc: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Roger_J=F8rgensen?= <rogerj@gmail.com>, George Michaelson <ggm+ietf@apnic.net>, LISP mailing list list <lisp@ietf.org>, Robert Elz <kre@munnari.oz.au>, "cb.list6@gmail.com" <cb.list6@gmail.com>, "Bert Wijnen \(IETF\)" <bertietf@bwijnen.net>
Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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I would note in passing that
A) There is no particular reason that EID registration / allocation 
needs to be done by the RIRs
A') There is no reason to prohibit the RIRs from providing this 
function, in competition with others, if they are interested
B) There is no particular indication that the RIRs are interested in 
running such a function, and I would hate to see us mandate that they 
help with an experiment unless they are interested in it.

Yours,
Joel

On 1/11/2013 12:01 PM, George, Wes wrote:
>> From: Roger Jørgensen [mailto:rogerj@gmail.com]>
>>
>> * we reserve a /12
>> * LISP EID block are marked as EXPERIMENTAL with a time limit, let's say
>> 7year, until 10.October 2020 (not random picked, but 10.10.2020 seems
>> nice).
>> * set aside one /16 for each RIR
>> * out of this /16 _only_ upto /26 split into /32 (64 for each RIR
>> region) can be can be handed out and announced into the global routing
>> table. If someone need something more than /32 they should really come
>> up with a very good reasons now or just ask for regular RIR space
>> * before 1.January 2019 IETF will have to decide if the EXPERIMENTAL was
>> a success or a failure.
>> ** If failure the entire address block are taken back before 31.Nov
>> 2020, filtering etc like 6bone.
>> ** If a success, we remove the 64 /32 (/26) limit and each RIR can hand
>> out LISP EID space from the above /12 in their region, much like regular
>> space.
>> * in the EXPERIMENTAL phase (until 31.November 2020)  one RIR/entity
>> keep track of the above /32 and a LISP-EID-wg decide and make up the
>> procedures for how this should be used.
>
> [WEG] This would address my concerns with the requested reservation and allocation. The one thing I might add is support for a smaller initial reservation and subtending allocation(s) that were reserved and allocated in such a way that they could be grown by simply changing the bitmask if that ends up being necessary. I would think that the size of block(s) needed would be something that could be much more effectively evaluated as the experiment moves forward and we have a better sense for how the space gets used, and at the conclusion of the experiment, if there is success, there will be a clear justification for whatever block is deemed necessary.
>
> Thanks
> Wes George
>
> This E-mail and any of its attachments may contain Time Warner Cable proprietary information, which is privileged, confidential, or subject to copyright belonging to Time Warner Cable. This E-mail is intended solely for the use of the individual or entity to which it is addressed. If you are not the intended recipient of this E-mail, you are hereby notified that any dissemination, distribution, copying, or action taken in relation to the contents of and attachments to this E-mail is strictly prohibited and may be unlawful. If you have received this E-mail in error, please notify the sender immediately and permanently delete the original and any copy of this E-mail and any printout.
> _______________________________________________
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> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>

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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Well spoken. Again, after the short late-night email, because:


1) There is a long list of deficiencies which LISP maintains and which are =
due to clinging to=20
   paradigms like prefix building, DiffServ bottom line "no interest in kno=
wing the traffic outside/beyond the packets' incoming waiting queues",etc.e=
tc.
   (I don't want to repeat it here)


2) LISP specifics:
    a) Its structures are fixed though not even an idea is cast how to form=
 and handle Multicast- and Anycast-Locators.
        Anycast services (nearest hospital, nearest rescuer, nearest parkin=
g lot, nearest gas station, etc.) aren't considered at all.
       Most of the anycast services have to be scoped (it makes no sense to=
 disseminate "I am an empty parking lot in Munich." all over Germany/world)
       and I doubt that LISP-PULL fits in. Also: By dealing only with unica=
st, LISP does not provide and bits to differentiate between unicast, multic=
ast,...
    =20
     b) GRE-tunnel nesting is a great bail out. A new concept however shoul=
d try to avoid it as much as possible .LISP however prefers=20
         LISP-header nesting rather than enlisting transits inside of ONE e=
xtended LISP-header.




3) LISP-DDT specific:
    It will kill IPv4 and I honestly think about writing to the IESG and ex=
plain to the IESG why, and why this is not just a  bug that can be repaired=
 whithin=20
    LISP-DDT. Here only this: At first I thought LISP-DDT is doomed to fail=
, but being the coffin nail for IPv4 is the alternate and even worse conseq=
uence.




Heiner=20



-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung-----=20
Von: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>
An: Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net>
Cc: LISP mailing list list <lisp@ietf.org>
Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 9:57 pm
Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup



On 09/01/2013, at 11:02 PM, Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net> wrote:

> Hi Geoff,
>=20
> On 8 Jan. 2013, at 20:21 , Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net> wrote:
>=20
>>=20
>> On 08/01/2013, at 9:34 PM, SM <sm@resistor.net> wrote:
>>=20
>>> Hi Terry,
>>> At 22:03 07-01-2013, Terry Manderson wrote:
>>>> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first li=
ke to
>>>> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>>>>=20
>>>> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it=20
necessary/useful
>>>> for LISP?
>>>=20
>>> The work item seems useful.
>>>=20
>>>> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that the =
LISP
>>>> experiment is best served?
>>>=20
>>> The problem is justifying the IP address space allocation and explainin=
g how=20
it will be managed.
>>>=20
>>> My guess is that the working group took an ORCHID approach (copy and pa=
ste=20
:-)).  I suggest dropping the idea of calling it a very large-scale experim=
ent. =20
The unstated problem is about politics.  I suggest taking a look at=20
draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.  It contains a good discussion of operational mode=
ls=20
and the trade-offs.
>>>=20
>>=20
>> I was on the IAB at the time that ORCHID was being considered - the issu=
e=20
there was to find a balance between enough bits for acceptable crypto and b=
asic=20
conservatism in the absolute size of the request - at the time a /28 appear=
ed to=20
be a suitable compromise considering that this was an experiment.
>>=20
>> Given that this is an experiment and that the transition from experiment=
 to=20
widespread deployment may well entail renumbering (as was the case with the=
=20
6bone) then one approach may well be to use a modest prefix that has a limi=
ted=20
capacity that would force renumbering in the shift from experiment to wides=
pread=20
adoption, if such occurs in the future.
>>=20
>=20
> I may be mistake but I do not see the renumbering need in the LISP case.


It all depends on the philosophy behind experimental allocations. If we wer=
e to=20
assume that each and every single experiment in IPv6, including all forms o=
f=20
cryptographically generated addresses, all forms of transitional mechanisms=
, all=20
forms of address plans and all forms of routing experiments were each to re=
quest=20
an experimental allocation that was "once and forever" and assumed at the o=
utset=20
that the experiment would result in comprehensive deployment over a network=
 many=20
many times larger than today's then I hope you can appreciate that we'd not=
 have=20
enough space to accommodate each and every experiment's requirements in the=
 IPv6=20
space.

So the conventional philosophy behind experimental allocations is to use en=
ough=20
space to allow the experiment to operate and to gain experience with the=20
technology. If this proves to be useful and taken up by the industry (and o=
f=20
course this process involves is by no means an assured outcome - quite the=
=20
opposite in fact) then its again conventional to look at how to support the=
=20
technology within the existing token distribution framework, or whether its=
=20
appropriate to make changes to the token distribution framework. Now obviou=
sly=20
some proponents of every experiment see universal adoption of their particu=
lar=20
technology as a given, including some LISP proponents no doubt. So of cours=
e we=20
see many (most?) experiment proponents proudly proclaim that they are uniqu=
ely=20
different and obviously their particular experiment will naturally result i=
n=20
universal deployment, so why not assume that happy outcome at the outset of=
 the=20
experiment and allocate resources at a scale commensurate w
 ith their no doubt certain universal deployment in the not-so-distant futu=
re?=20
But wishing it, no matter how enthusiastic you may be personally, does not =
make=20
it so. A prudent approach in a space that has seen, and is likely to see, m=
any=20
experiments proposed, is generally to provision resources to conduct the=20
experiment at the scale of the experiment and if the experiment leads to=20
someplace positive then look at what is required if the technology is to he=
ad to=20
larger levels of deployment.
=20

> The prefix request was written in such a way to reduce renumbering, rathe=
r=20
making the prefix "bigger" so to accommodate the growth. This would also be=
 an=20
easy change, rather then adding different prefix blocks just change the len=
gth=20
of the existing prefix.

I am continually confused by the assumptions behind this assertion, and I'v=
e=20
heard this assumption a number of times in the course of the consideration =
of=20
this draft. If LISP is so fragile that it requires a very particular deploy=
ed=20
address structure in order to operate, then frankly we could do precisely t=
he=20
same in BGP and achieve better results because of avoidance of tunnelling. =
I=20
find it somewhat strange to see this adamant view that LISP absolutely requ=
ires=20
a uniquely structured address plan in order to achieve any useful outcome i=
n=20
terms of scalable routing, at a cost of increased latency and exposure to=
=20
vagaries of tunnel behaviour, while at the same time ignoring the simple=20
observation that if one were to do the same surgery on the address plan in =
BGP=20
the outcomes would likely to be just as good if not better, without the neg=
ative=20
factors of map-resolution-related latency and tunnelling.

>=20
> I think this is something to keep in the future document(s).

And I strongly disagree with your opinion. If we did this for every experim=
ent=20
that we encounter that proposes some unique address plan that is intended t=
o=20
improve security, routing scaleability, auto-configuration, pre-provisionin=
g,=20
network virtualization, software programability, etc etc, then once more we=
 are=20
going to find ourselves contemplating address exhaustion in IPv6 far sooner=
 than=20
anyone would've rationally anticipated.

Geoff

_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
lisp@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp

=20









=20
_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
lisp@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp

=20

----------MB_8CFBECB54C9DC9D_1330_3B7CB_webmail-m172.sysops.aol.com
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"

<font color=3D'black' size=3D'2' face=3D'arial'>
<div style=3D"color: black; "><br>







<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font=
-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; ">

<font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><font class=3D"Apple-style-=
span" size=3D"2">Well spoken. Again, after the short late-night email, beca=
use:</font>
<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>

</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">1) There is a long list of=
 deficiencies which LISP maintains and which are due to clinging to&nbsp;</=
font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp;paradigms lik=
e prefix building, DiffServ bottom line "no interest in knowing the traffic=
 outside/beyond the packets' incoming waiting queues",etc.etc.</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp;(I don't want=
 to repeat it here)</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">2) LISP specifics:</font><=
/div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; a) Its struc=
tures are fixed though not even an idea is cast how to form and handle Mult=
icast- and Anycast-Locators.</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp=
; Anycast services (nearest hospital, nearest rescuer, nearest parking lot,=
 nearest gas station, etc.) aren't considered at all.</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp=
;Most of the anycast services have to be scoped (it makes no sense to disse=
minate "I am an empty parking lot in Munich." all over Germany/world)</font=
></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp=
;and I doubt that LISP-PULL fits in. Also: By dealing only with unicast, LI=
SP does not provide and bits to differentiate between unicast, multicast,..=
.</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</font=
></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;b) GRE=
-tunnel nesting is a great bail out. A new concept however should try to av=
oid it as much as possible .LISP however prefers&nbsp;</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp=
; &nbsp;LISP-header nesting rather than enlisting transits inside of ONE ex=
tended LISP-header.</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">3) LISP-DDT specific:</fon=
t></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; It will kill=
 IPv4 and I honestly think about writing to the IESG and explain to the IES=
G why, and why this is not just a &nbsp;bug that can be repaired whithin&nb=
sp;</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; LISP-DDT. He=
re only this: At first I thought LISP-DDT is doomed to fail, but being the =
coffin nail for IPv4 is the alternate and even worse consequence.</font></d=
iv>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Heiner&nbsp;<br>

</font><br>

<br>



<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; color: black;=
 ">-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung----- <br>

Von: Geoff Huston &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:gih@apnic.net">gih@apnic.net</a>&gt=
;<br>

An: Luigi Iannone &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ggx@gigix.net">ggx@gigix.net</a>&gt=
;<br>

Cc: LISP mailing list list &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.o=
rg</a>&gt;<br>

Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 9:57 pm<br>

Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup<br>

<br>









<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_0_fabb93d1-e997-4250-905d-4d95d7dfd962" style=3D"marg=
in: 0px;font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Sans-Serif;font-size: 12px;col=
or: #000;background-color: #fff;">

<pre style=3D"font-size: 9pt;"><tt>
On 09/01/2013, at 11:02 PM, Luigi Iannone &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ggx@gigix.n=
et">ggx@gigix.net</a>&gt; wrote:

&gt; Hi Geoff,
&gt;=20
&gt; On 8 Jan. 2013, at 20:21 , Geoff Huston &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:gih@apni=
c.net">gih@apnic.net</a>&gt; wrote:
&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt; On 08/01/2013, at 9:34 PM, SM &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:sm@resistor.ne=
t">sm@resistor.net</a>&gt; wrote:
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; Hi Terry,
&gt;&gt;&gt; At 22:03 07-01-2013, Terry Manderson wrote:
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I wo=
uld first like to
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is i=
t=20
necessary/useful
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; for LISP?
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; The work item seems useful.
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document =
so that the LISP
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; experiment is best served?
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; The problem is justifying the IP address space allocation and =
explaining how=20
it will be managed.
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; My guess is that the working group took an ORCHID approach (co=
py and paste=20
:-)).  I suggest dropping the idea of calling it a very large-scale experim=
ent. =20
The unstated problem is about politics.  I suggest taking a look at=20
draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.  It contains a good discussion of operational mode=
ls=20
and the trade-offs.
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt; I was on the IAB at the time that ORCHID was being considered - th=
e issue=20
there was to find a balance between enough bits for acceptable crypto and b=
asic=20
conservatism in the absolute size of the request - at the time a /28 appear=
ed to=20
be a suitable compromise considering that this was an experiment.
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt; Given that this is an experiment and that the transition from expe=
riment to=20
widespread deployment may well entail renumbering (as was the case with the=
=20
6bone) then one approach may well be to use a modest prefix that has a limi=
ted=20
capacity that would force renumbering in the shift from experiment to wides=
pread=20
adoption, if such occurs in the future.
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;=20
&gt; I may be mistake but I do not see the renumbering need in the LISP cas=
e.


It all depends on the philosophy behind experimental allocations. If we wer=
e to=20
assume that each and every single experiment in IPv6, including all forms o=
f=20
cryptographically generated addresses, all forms of transitional mechanisms=
, all=20
forms of address plans and all forms of routing experiments were each to re=
quest=20
an experimental allocation that was "once and forever" and assumed at the o=
utset=20
that the experiment would result in comprehensive deployment over a network=
 many=20
many times larger than today's then I hope you can appreciate that we'd not=
 have=20
enough space to accommodate each and every experiment's requirements in the=
 IPv6=20
space.

So the conventional philosophy behind experimental allocations is to use en=
ough=20
space to allow the experiment to operate and to gain experience with the=20
technology. If this proves to be useful and taken up by the industry (and o=
f=20
course this process involves is by no means an assured outcome - quite the=
=20
opposite in fact) then its again conventional to look at how to support the=
=20
technology within the existing token distribution framework, or whether its=
=20
appropriate to make changes to the token distribution framework. Now obviou=
sly=20
some proponents of every experiment see universal adoption of their particu=
lar=20
technology as a given, including some LISP proponents no doubt. So of cours=
e we=20
see many (most?) experiment proponents proudly proclaim that they are uniqu=
ely=20
different and obviously their particular experiment will naturally result i=
n=20
universal deployment, so why not assume that happy outcome at the outset of=
 the=20
experiment and allocate resources at a scale commensurate w
 ith their no doubt certain universal deployment in the not-so-distant futu=
re?=20
But wishing it, no matter how enthusiastic you may be personally, does not =
make=20
it so. A prudent approach in a space that has seen, and is likely to see, m=
any=20
experiments proposed, is generally to provision resources to conduct the=20
experiment at the scale of the experiment and if the experiment leads to=20
someplace positive then look at what is required if the technology is to he=
ad to=20
larger levels of deployment.
=20

&gt; The prefix request was written in such a way to reduce renumbering, ra=
ther=20
making the prefix "bigger" so to accommodate the growth. This would also be=
 an=20
easy change, rather then adding different prefix blocks just change the len=
gth=20
of the existing prefix.

I am continually confused by the assumptions behind this assertion, and I'v=
e=20
heard this assumption a number of times in the course of the consideration =
of=20
this draft. If LISP is so fragile that it requires a very particular deploy=
ed=20
address structure in order to operate, then frankly we could do precisely t=
he=20
same in BGP and achieve better results because of avoidance of tunnelling. =
I=20
find it somewhat strange to see this adamant view that LISP absolutely requ=
ires=20
a uniquely structured address plan in order to achieve any useful outcome i=
n=20
terms of scalable routing, at a cost of increased latency and exposure to=
=20
vagaries of tunnel behaviour, while at the same time ignoring the simple=20
observation that if one were to do the same surgery on the address plan in =
BGP=20
the outcomes would likely to be just as good if not better, without the neg=
ative=20
factors of map-resolution-related latency and tunnelling.

&gt;=20
&gt; I think this is something to keep in the future document(s).

And I strongly disagree with your opinion. If we did this for every experim=
ent=20
that we encounter that proposes some unique address plan that is intended t=
o=20
improve security, routing scaleability, auto-configuration, pre-provisionin=
g,=20
network virtualization, software programability, etc etc, then once more we=
 are=20
going to find ourselves contemplating address exhaustion in IPv6 far sooner=
 than=20
anyone would've rationally anticipated.

Geoff

_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a>
<a target=3D"_blank" href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a>
</tt></pre>
</div>

=20



</div>

</div>

</font></div>

<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"arial" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"arial" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"arial" size=3D"2"><br>
</font>
</div>

<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"arial" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>
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<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_3_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"marg=
in-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-=
family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(0, =
0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">

<pre style=3D"font-size: 9pt;"><tt>________________________________________=
_______
lisp mailing list
<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp" target=3D"_blank">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a>
</tt></pre>
</div>
 <!-- end of AOLMsgPart_3_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea -->



</div>
</font>
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From sander@steffann.nl  Sat Jan 12 06:07:22 2013
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From: Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl>
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To: Joel M. Halpern <jmh@joelhalpern.com>
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Cc: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Roger_J=F8rgensen?= <rogerj@gmail.com>, George Michaelson <ggm+ietf@apnic.net>, LISP mailing list list <lisp@ietf.org>, "George, Wes" <wesley.george@twcable.com>, Robert Elz <kre@munnari.oz.au>, "cb.list6@gmail.com" <cb.list6@gmail.com>, "Bert Wijnen \(IETF\)" <bertietf@bwijnen.net>
Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Hi,

> I would note in passing that
> A) There is no particular reason that EID registration / allocation =
needs to be done by the RIRs
> A') There is no reason to prohibit the RIRs from providing this =
function, in competition with others, if they are interested
> B) There is no particular indication that the RIRs are interested in =
running such a function, and I would hate to see us mandate that they =
help with an experiment unless they are interested in it.

I think it would be appropriate to ask the Address Policy working groups =
of the different RIRs. I think it's a good idea to approach the chairs =
of those working groups once there is a bit more clarity on the way the =
addresses are supposed to be used.

PS: There is more to it than just handing out the addresses: reverse DNS =
and RPKI might be appropriate for this address space. The RIRs do have =
the infrastructure in place to support them. There are other ways to =
delegate reverse DNS, and maybe we choose not to support RPKI for this =
address space, but we should keep those things in mind...

Cheers,
Sander


From jmh@joelhalpern.com  Sat Jan 12 07:59:42 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Yes, Reverse DNS is appropriate for these Identifiers.  That is not 
normally an RIR issue, as I understand it.

Assuming that hte working group does indeed move to LISP DDT, as it has 
indicated, there is no intention to use RPKI within this space.

The question of how proxy advertisements, which go into the normal 
system, will interact with RPKI, and SIDR in general, is indeed an 
important and complicated question which needs further investigation. 
The correct answer to securing conventional advertisements by proxies is 
not obvious to me.
The current proposals on the table would allow a large number of 
different players to originate proxy advertisements for large blocks of 
EIDs.  that's fine if the question is "are you willing to deliver the 
traffic for these?" It is rather harder if the question is "Are you 
authorized to deliver traffic for these?" as there is not yet an 
authorization model for proxies.

Which brings us back to the point that if we need to resolve these sorts 
of questions before doing the allocation then we are not going to do the 
allocation quickly.

Yours,
Joel

On 1/12/2013 9:07 AM, Sander Steffann wrote:
> Hi,
>
>> I would note in passing that
>> A) There is no particular reason that EID registration / allocation needs to be done by the RIRs
>> A') There is no reason to prohibit the RIRs from providing this function, in competition with others, if they are interested
>> B) There is no particular indication that the RIRs are interested in running such a function, and I would hate to see us mandate that they help with an experiment unless they are interested in it.
>
> I think it would be appropriate to ask the Address Policy working groups of the different RIRs. I think it's a good idea to approach the chairs of those working groups once there is a bit more clarity on the way the addresses are supposed to be used.
>
> PS: There is more to it than just handing out the addresses: reverse DNS and RPKI might be appropriate for this address space. The RIRs do have the infrastructure in place to support them. There are other ways to delegate reverse DNS, and maybe we choose not to support RPKI for this address space, but we should keep those things in mind...
>
> Cheers,
> Sander
>

From farinacci@gmail.com  Sat Jan 12 13:11:22 2013
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From: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
Date: Sat, 12 Jan 2013 13:11:10 -0800
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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> Well spoken. Again, after the short late-night email, because:

Since you were subjective on your comments I will be direct and to the point=
 in my responses. But only direct to your comments that are clear.=20

> 1) There is a long list of deficiencies which LISP maintains and which are=
 due to clinging to=20
>    paradigms like prefix building, DiffServ

Do you mean map-cache caching. I don't know what you mean by prefix building=
. EID-prefixes are assigned to LISP sites just like prefixes are assigned to=
day. There is no operational difference.=20

> bottom line "no interest in knowing the traffic outside/beyond the packets=
' incoming waiting queues",etc.etc.
>    (I don't want to repeat it here)

Diffswev code points are copied to the outer header. And we have seen cases w=
here carrier-in-carrier scenarios, it is a feature to hide such code points.=
=20

> 2) LISP specifics:
>     a) Its structures are fixed though not even an idea is cast how to for=
m and handle Multicast- and Anycast-Locators.

Not true. Both EID and Locator address formats are flexibly encoded. We have=
 seen use-cases where EIDs could be used as Fedex tracking numbers or VIN nu=
mbers (Vehicle ID Numbers). And we have seen Locators encoded as multi-tuple=
 addresses that include Geo-Coordinates.=20

>         Anycast services (nearest hospital, nearest rescuer, nearest parki=
ng lot, nearest gas station, etc.) aren't considered at all.

An EID can be used as an anycast address where the database lookup can decid=
e which locators to return. And Locators can be anycast addresses as well to=
 encapsulate packets to the closest locator. Nothing needs to be designed in=
 the protocol to make this happen.=20
=20
>        Most of the anycast services have to be scoped (it makes no sense t=
o disseminate "I am an empty parking lot in Munich." all over Germany/world)=


Since LISP uses a pull database, there is no dissemination in the mapping sy=
stem.=20

Anyone that wants to talk to the EID will need to cache the locators but onl=
y in those locations.=20

>        and I doubt that LISP-PULL fits in. Also: By dealing only with unic=
ast, LISP does not provide and bits to differentiate between unicast, multic=
ast,...

Because the existing semantics are used. Class D encodings for IPv4 and firs=
t-byte 0xFF for IPv6.=20

>        b) GRE-tunnel nesting is a great bail out. A new concept however sh=
ould try to avoid it as much as possible .LISP however prefers=20
>          LISP-header nesting rather than enlisting transits inside of ONE e=
xtended LISP-header.

LISP does re-encapsulating tunnels as well. See definition of RTRs in the TE=
 and NAT-traversal Internet Drafts.=20

> 3) LISP-DDT specific:
>     It will kill IPv4 and I honestly think about writing to the IESG and e=
xplain to the IESG why, and why this is not just a  bug that can be repaired=
 whithin=20

This makes no sense. Why would it kill IPv4 and not IPv6?

DDT uses the iterative lookup model that DNS uses. Those properties are well=
 known and we have a lot of experience with them.=20

>     LISP-DDT. Here only this: At first I thought LISP-DDT is doomed to fai=
l, but being the coffin nail for IPv4 is the alternate and even worse conseq=
uence.

Can you back the claim up with some data and technical commentary.=20

If you do, I would be glad to continue this thread.=20

Dino

>=20
>=20
> Heiner=20
>=20
>=20
> -----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung-----=20
> Von: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>
> An: Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net>
> Cc: LISP mailing list list <lisp@ietf.org>
> Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 9:57 pm
> Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
>=20
>=20
> On 09/01/2013, at 11:02 PM, Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net> wrote:
>=20
> > Hi Geoff,
> >=20
> > On 8 Jan. 2013, at 20:21 , Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net> wrote:
> >=20
> >>=20
> >> On 08/01/2013, at 9:34 PM, SM <sm@resistor.net> wrote:
> >>=20
> >>> Hi Terry,
> >>> At 22:03 07-01-2013, Terry Manderson wrote:
> >>>> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first l=
ike to
> >>>> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
> >>>>=20
> >>>> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it=20
> necessary/useful
> >>>> for LISP?
> >>>=20
> >>> The work item seems useful.
> >>>=20
> >>>> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that the=
 LISP
> >>>> experiment is best served?
> >>>=20
> >>> The problem is justifying the IP address space allocation and explaini=
ng how=20
> it will be managed.
> >>>=20
> >>> My guess is that the working group took an ORCHID approach (copy and p=
aste=20
> :-)).  I suggest dropping the idea of calling it a very large-scale experi=
ment. =20
> The unstated problem is about politics.  I suggest taking a look at=20
> draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.  It contains a good discussion of operational mod=
els=20
> and the trade-offs.
> >>>=20
> >>=20
> >> I was on the IAB at the time that ORCHID was being considered - the iss=
ue=20
> there was to find a balance between enough bits for acceptable crypto and b=
asic=20
> conservatism in the absolute size of the request - at the time a /28 appea=
red to=20
> be a suitable compromise considering that this was an experiment.
> >>=20
> >> Given that this is an experiment and that the transition from experimen=
t to=20
> widespread deployment may well entail renumbering (as was the case with th=
e=20
> 6bone) then one approach may well be to use a modest prefix that has a lim=
ited=20
> capacity that would force renumbering in the shift from experiment to wide=
spread=20
> adoption, if such occurs in the future.
> >>=20
> >=20
> > I may be mistake but I do not see the renumbering need in the LISP case.=

>=20
>=20
> It all depends on the philosophy behind experimental allocations. If we we=
re to=20
> assume that each and every single experiment in IPv6, including all forms o=
f=20
> cryptographically generated addresses, all forms of transitional mechanism=
s, all=20
> forms of address plans and all forms of routing experiments were each to r=
equest=20
> an experimental allocation that was "once and forever" and assumed at the o=
utset=20
> that the experiment would result in comprehensive deployment over a networ=
k many=20
> many times larger than today's then I hope you can appreciate that we'd no=
t have=20
> enough space to accommodate each and every experiment's requirements in th=
e IPv6=20
> space.
>=20
> So the conventional philosophy behind experimental allocations is to use e=
nough=20
> space to allow the experiment to operate and to gain experience with the=20=

> technology. If this proves to be useful and taken up by the industry (and o=
f=20
> course this process involves is by no means an assured outcome - quite the=
=20
> opposite in fact) then its again conventional to look at how to support th=
e=20
> technology within the existing token distribution framework, or whether it=
s=20
> appropriate to make changes to the token distribution framework. Now obvio=
usly=20
> some proponents of every experiment see universal adoption of their partic=
ular=20
> technology as a given, including some LISP proponents no doubt. So of cour=
se we=20
> see many (most?) experiment proponents proudly proclaim that they are uniq=
uely=20
> different and obviously their particular experiment will naturally result i=
n=20
> universal deployment, so why not assume that happy outcome at the outset o=
f the=20
> experiment and allocate resources at a scale commensurate w
>  ith their no doubt certain universal deployment in the not-so-distant fut=
ure?=20
> But wishing it, no matter how enthusiastic you may be personally, does not=
 make=20
> it so. A prudent approach in a space that has seen, and is likely to see, m=
any=20
> experiments proposed, is generally to provision resources to conduct the=20=

> experiment at the scale of the experiment and if the experiment leads to=20=

> someplace positive then look at what is required if the technology is to h=
ead to=20
> larger levels of deployment.
> =20
>=20
> > The prefix request was written in such a way to reduce renumbering, rath=
er=20
> making the prefix "bigger" so to accommodate the growth. This would also b=
e an=20
> easy change, rather then adding different prefix blocks just change the le=
ngth=20
> of the existing prefix.
>=20
> I am continually confused by the assumptions behind this assertion, and I'=
ve=20
> heard this assumption a number of times in the course of the consideration=
 of=20
> this draft. If LISP is so fragile that it requires a very particular deplo=
yed=20
> address structure in order to operate, then frankly we could do precisely t=
he=20
> same in BGP and achieve better results because of avoidance of tunnelling.=
 I=20
> find it somewhat strange to see this adamant view that LISP absolutely req=
uires=20
> a uniquely structured address plan in order to achieve any useful outcome i=
n=20
> terms of scalable routing, at a cost of increased latency and exposure to=20=

> vagaries of tunnel behaviour, while at the same time ignoring the simple=20=

> observation that if one were to do the same surgery on the address plan in=
 BGP=20
> the outcomes would likely to be just as good if not better, without the ne=
gative=20
> factors of map-resolution-related latency and tunnelling.
>=20
> >=20
> > I think this is something to keep in the future document(s).
>=20
> And I strongly disagree with your opinion. If we did this for every experi=
ment=20
> that we encounter that proposes some unique address plan that is intended t=
o=20
> improve security, routing scaleability, auto-configuration, pre-provisioni=
ng,=20
> network virtualization, software programability, etc etc, then once more w=
e are=20
> going to find ourselves contemplating address exhaustion in IPv6 far soone=
r than=20
> anyone would've rationally anticipated.
>=20
> Geoff
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp

--Apple-Mail-9539B38E-5564-47BE-BE20-B4CF2E006BEF
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset=utf-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"content-type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3D=
utf-8"></head><body dir=3D"auto"><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"bl=
ack" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"color: black; "><div id=3D"AOLM=
sgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-family: helveti=
ca, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial=
"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Well spoken. Again, after the s=
hort late-night email, because:</font>
</font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>Since you were subject=
ive on your comments I will be direct and to the point in my responses. But o=
nly direct to your comments that are clear.&nbsp;<div><br></div><div><blockq=
uote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div styl=
e=3D"color: black; "><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd2=
0cdea" style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font colo=
r=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div>1) There is a long list of defici=
encies which LISP maintains and which are due to clinging to&nbsp;</div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp;paradigms like=
 prefix building, DiffServ </font></div></font></div></div></font></blockquo=
te><div><br></div>Do you mean map-cache caching. I don't know what you mean b=
y prefix building. EID-prefixes are assigned to LISP sites just like prefixe=
s are assigned today. There is no operational difference.&nbsp;</div><div><b=
r><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">=
<div style=3D"color: black; "><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b23=
2-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><=
font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><font class=3D"Apple-sty=
le-span" size=3D"2">bottom line "no interest in knowing the traffic outside/=
beyond the packets' incoming waiting queues",etc.etc.</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp;(I don't want t=
o repeat it here)</font></div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><b=
r></div>Diffswev code points are copied to the outer header. And we have see=
n cases where carrier-in-carrier scenarios, it is a feature to hide such cod=
e points.&nbsp;</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black=
" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"color: black; "><div id=3D"AOLMsgP=
art_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-family: helvetica,=
 arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">

<div>2) LISP specifics:</div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; a) Its struct=
ures are fixed though not even an idea is cast how to form and handle Multic=
ast- and Anycast-Locators.</font></div></font></div></div></font></blockquot=
e><div><br></div>Not true. Both EID and Locator address formats are flexibly=
 encoded. We have seen use-cases where EIDs could be used as Fedex tracking n=
umbers or VIN numbers (Vehicle ID Numbers). And we have seen Locators encode=
d as multi-tuple addresses that include Geo-Coordinates.&nbsp;</div><div><br=
><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><=
div style=3D"color: black; "><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232=
-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><f=
ont color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
 Anycast services (nearest hospital, nearest rescuer, nearest parking lot, n=
earest gas station, etc.) aren't considered at all.</font></div></font></div=
></div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>An EID can be used as an anycast a=
ddress where the database lookup can decide which locators to return. And Lo=
cators can be&nbsp;<span style=3D"-webkit-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 2=
6, 0.296875); -webkit-composition-fill-color: rgba(175, 192, 227, 0.230469);=
 -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77, 128, 180, 0.230469); ">anycast ad=
dresses as well to encapsulate packets to the closest locator. Nothing needs=
 to be designed in the protocol to make this happen.&nbsp;</span></div><div>=
&nbsp;<br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D=
"arial"><div style=3D"color: black; "><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-=
49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 1=
0pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
Most of the anycast services have to be scoped (it makes no sense to dissemi=
nate "I am an empty parking lot in Munich." all over Germany/world)</font></=
div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>Since LISP uses a p=
ull database, there is no dissemination in the mapping system.&nbsp;</div><d=
iv><br></div><div>Anyone that wants to talk to the EID will need to cache th=
e locators but only in those locations.&nbsp;</div><div><br><blockquote type=
=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"colo=
r: black; "><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" st=
yle=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"blac=
k" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
and I doubt that LISP-PULL fits in. Also: By dealing only with unicast, LISP=
 does not provide and bits to differentiate between unicast, multicast,...</=
font></div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>Because the=
 existing semantics are used. Class D encodings for IPv4 and first-byte 0xFF=
 for IPv6.&nbsp;</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"blac=
k" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"color: black; "><div id=3D"AOLMsg=
Part_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-family: helvetica=
, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">=


<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</font>=
&nbsp; b) GRE-tunnel nesting is a great bail out. A new concept however shou=
ld try to avoid it as much as possible .LISP however prefers&nbsp;</div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
 &nbsp;LISP-header nesting rather than enlisting transits inside of ONE exte=
nded LISP-header.</font></div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><b=
r></div>LISP does re-encapsulating tunnels as well. See definition of RTRs i=
n the TE and NAT-traversal Internet Drafts.&nbsp;</div><div><br><blockquote t=
ype=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"c=
olor: black; "><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea"=
 style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"b=
lack" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">

<div>3) LISP-DDT specific:</div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; It will kill I=
Pv4 and I honestly think about writing to the IESG and explain to the IESG w=
hy, and why this is not just a &nbsp;bug that can be repaired whithin&nbsp;<=
/font></div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>This makes=
 no sense. Why would it kill IPv4 and not IPv6?</div><div><br></div><div>DDT=
 uses the iterative lookup model that DNS uses. Those properties are well kn=
own and we have a lot of experience with them.&nbsp;</div><div><br><blockquo=
te type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D=
"color: black; "><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cde=
a" style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D=
"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; LISP-DDT. Her=
e only this: At first I thought LISP-DDT is doomed to fail, but being the co=
ffin nail for IPv4 is the alternate and even worse consequence.</font></div>=
</font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>Can you back the claim=
 up with some data and technical commentary.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>=
If you do, I would be glad to continue this thread.&nbsp;</div><div><br></di=
v><div>Dino</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" si=
ze=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"color: black; "><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_=
2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-family: helvetica, ari=
al; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">

<div><br>
</div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Heiner&nbsp;<br>

</font><br>

<br>



<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; color: black; "=
>-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung----- <br>

Von: Geoff Huston &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:gih@apnic.net">gih@apnic.net</a>&gt;=
<br>

An: Luigi Iannone &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ggx@gigix.net">ggx@gigix.net</a>&gt;=
<br>

Cc: LISP mailing list list &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.or=
g</a>&gt;<br>

Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 9:57 pm<br>

Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup<br>

<br>









<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_0_fabb93d1-e997-4250-905d-4d95d7dfd962" style=3D"margi=
n: 0px;font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Sans-Serif;font-size: 12px;color=
: #000;background-color: #fff;">

<pre style=3D"font-size: 9pt;"><tt>
On 09/01/2013, at 11:02 PM, Luigi Iannone &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ggx@gigix.ne=
t">ggx@gigix.net</a>&gt; wrote:

&gt; Hi Geoff,
&gt;=20
&gt; On 8 Jan. 2013, at 20:21 , Geoff Huston &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:gih@apnic=
.net">gih@apnic.net</a>&gt; wrote:
&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt; On 08/01/2013, at 9:34 PM, SM &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:sm@resistor.net=
">sm@resistor.net</a>&gt; wrote:
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; Hi Terry,
&gt;&gt;&gt; At 22:03 07-01-2013, Terry Manderson wrote:
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I wou=
ld first like to
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it=
=20
necessary/useful
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; for LISP?
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; The work item seems useful.
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document s=
o that the LISP
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; experiment is best served?
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; The problem is justifying the IP address space allocation and e=
xplaining how=20
it will be managed.
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; My guess is that the working group took an ORCHID approach (cop=
y and paste=20
:-)).  I suggest dropping the idea of calling it a very large-scale experime=
nt. =20
The unstated problem is about politics.  I suggest taking a look at=20
draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.  It contains a good discussion of operational model=
s=20
and the trade-offs.
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt; I was on the IAB at the time that ORCHID was being considered - the=
 issue=20
there was to find a balance between enough bits for acceptable crypto and ba=
sic=20
conservatism in the absolute size of the request - at the time a /28 appeare=
d to=20
be a suitable compromise considering that this was an experiment.
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt; Given that this is an experiment and that the transition from exper=
iment to=20
widespread deployment may well entail renumbering (as was the case with the=20=

6bone) then one approach may well be to use a modest prefix that has a limit=
ed=20
capacity that would force renumbering in the shift from experiment to widesp=
read=20
adoption, if such occurs in the future.
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;=20
&gt; I may be mistake but I do not see the renumbering need in the LISP case=
.


It all depends on the philosophy behind experimental allocations. If we were=
 to=20
assume that each and every single experiment in IPv6, including all forms of=
=20
cryptographically generated addresses, all forms of transitional mechanisms,=
 all=20
forms of address plans and all forms of routing experiments were each to req=
uest=20
an experimental allocation that was "once and forever" and assumed at the ou=
tset=20
that the experiment would result in comprehensive deployment over a network m=
any=20
many times larger than today's then I hope you can appreciate that we'd not h=
ave=20
enough space to accommodate each and every experiment's requirements in the I=
Pv6=20
space.

So the conventional philosophy behind experimental allocations is to use eno=
ugh=20
space to allow the experiment to operate and to gain experience with the=20
technology. If this proves to be useful and taken up by the industry (and of=
=20
course this process involves is by no means an assured outcome - quite the=20=

opposite in fact) then its again conventional to look at how to support the=20=

technology within the existing token distribution framework, or whether its=20=

appropriate to make changes to the token distribution framework. Now obvious=
ly=20
some proponents of every experiment see universal adoption of their particul=
ar=20
technology as a given, including some LISP proponents no doubt. So of course=
 we=20
see many (most?) experiment proponents proudly proclaim that they are unique=
ly=20
different and obviously their particular experiment will naturally result in=
=20
universal deployment, so why not assume that happy outcome at the outset of t=
he=20
experiment and allocate resources at a scale commensurate w
 ith their no doubt certain universal deployment in the not-so-distant futur=
e?=20
But wishing it, no matter how enthusiastic you may be personally, does not m=
ake=20
it so. A prudent approach in a space that has seen, and is likely to see, ma=
ny=20
experiments proposed, is generally to provision resources to conduct the=20
experiment at the scale of the experiment and if the experiment leads to=20
someplace positive then look at what is required if the technology is to hea=
d to=20
larger levels of deployment.
=20

&gt; The prefix request was written in such a way to reduce renumbering, rat=
her=20
making the prefix "bigger" so to accommodate the growth. This would also be a=
n=20
easy change, rather then adding different prefix blocks just change the leng=
th=20
of the existing prefix.

I am continually confused by the assumptions behind this assertion, and I've=
=20
heard this assumption a number of times in the course of the consideration o=
f=20
this draft. If LISP is so fragile that it requires a very particular deploye=
d=20
address structure in order to operate, then frankly we could do precisely th=
e=20
same in BGP and achieve better results because of avoidance of tunnelling. I=
=20
find it somewhat strange to see this adamant view that LISP absolutely requi=
res=20
a uniquely structured address plan in order to achieve any useful outcome in=
=20
terms of scalable routing, at a cost of increased latency and exposure to=20=

vagaries of tunnel behaviour, while at the same time ignoring the simple=20
observation that if one were to do the same surgery on the address plan in B=
GP=20
the outcomes would likely to be just as good if not better, without the nega=
tive=20
factors of map-resolution-related latency and tunnelling.

&gt;=20
&gt; I think this is something to keep in the future document(s).

And I strongly disagree with your opinion. If we did this for every experime=
nt=20
that we encounter that proposes some unique address plan that is intended to=
=20
improve security, routing scaleability, auto-configuration, pre-provisioning=
,=20
network virtualization, software programability, etc etc, then once more we a=
re=20
going to find ourselves contemplating address exhaustion in IPv6 far sooner t=
han=20
anyone would've rationally anticipated.

Geoff

_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a>
<a target=3D"_blank" href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp">htt=
ps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a>
</tt></pre>
</div>

=20



</div>

</div>

</font></div>

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</font></div>

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</font>
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From rogerj@gmail.com  Sat Jan 12 14:17:41 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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There might be one missunderstanding of my original post:


> * set aside one /16 for each RIR
> * out of this /16 _only_ upto /26 split into /32 (64 for each RIR
> region) can be can be handed out and announced into the global routing
> table. If someone need something more than /32 they should really come
> up with a very good reasons now or just ask for regular RIR space

I did not suggest that each and every RIR got another special space
they had to administrate in co-ordination with LISP-EIG-wg.
It was more a way to make sure we get a world-wide experiment so not a
few EU and US ISPs claim all the space. If you want to get space from
the APNIC range you have to be a LIR at APNIC, same for all the
others. Of course this open up a question on how to check this but we
get ASN, LIR/MNT names ++++, it's doable.


The next thing I suggested was that _one_ RIR _or_ entity took on the
job of administrating ths address space. That include handing out /32
from all of the above mention ranges, but also keep track of reverse
DNS etc.
It was not a question of tasking all RIR, or even one RIR with this
job, but ask if any of the RIR would volunteer for the job.

The reason for asking a RIR is that they already have the
infrastructure in place... and for those that read ALL of the text in
my original post, I suggested we asked RIPE :)



--- Roger J ---

On Sat, Jan 12, 2013 at 3:07 PM, Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl> wrote=
:
> Hi,
>
>> I would note in passing that
>> A) There is no particular reason that EID registration / allocation need=
s to be done by the RIRs
>> A') There is no reason to prohibit the RIRs from providing this function=
, in competition with others, if they are interested
>> B) There is no particular indication that the RIRs are interested in run=
ning such a function, and I would hate to see us mandate that they help wit=
h an experiment unless they are interested in it.
>
> I think it would be appropriate to ask the Address Policy working groups =
of the different RIRs. I think it's a good idea to approach the chairs of t=
hose working groups once there is a bit more clarity on the way the address=
es are supposed to be used.
>
> PS: There is more to it than just handing out the addresses: reverse DNS =
and RPKI might be appropriate for this address space. The RIRs do have the =
infrastructure in place to support them. There are other ways to delegate r=
everse DNS, and maybe we choose not to support RPKI for this address space,=
 but we should keep those things in mind...
>
> Cheers,
> Sander
>



--=20

Roger Jorgensen           | ROJO9-RIPE
rogerj@gmail.com          | - IPv6 is The Key!
http://www.jorgensen.no   | roger@jorgensen.no

From sander@steffann.nl  Sat Jan 12 14:38:03 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Hi Roger,

> The next thing I suggested was that _one_ RIR _or_ entity took on the
> job of administrating ths address space. That include handing out /32
> from all of the above mention ranges, but also keep track of reverse
> DNS etc.
> It was not a question of tasking all RIR, or even one RIR with this
> job, but ask if any of the RIR would volunteer for the job.
>=20
> The reason for asking a RIR is that they already have the
> infrastructure in place... and for those that read ALL of the text in
> my original post, I suggested we asked RIPE :)

Request noted :-)

If this WG chooses to ask RIPE: The RIPE NCC will need a RIPE policy to =
use when allocating/assigning address space. Once we have a clear =
document that describes the basics we can work on that in the RIPE =
Address Policy WG.

Thanks,
Sander


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From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Roger_J=F8rgensen?= <rogerj@gmail.com>
To: Arturo Servin <arturo.servin@gmail.com>,  Brian E Carpenter <brian.e.carpenter@gmail.com>, Robert Elz <kre@munnari.oz.au>,  Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>, Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl>,  "George, Wes" <wesley.george@twcable.com>, SM <sm@resistor.net>,  "cb.list6@gmail.com" <cb.list6@gmail.com>, Paul Vinciguerra <pvinci@vinciconsulting.com>,  Arturo Servin <aservin@lacnic.net>, George Michaelson <ggm+ietf@apnic.net>,  "Bert Wijnen (IETF)" <bertietf@bwijnen.net>, lisp@ietf.org
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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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On Sun, Jan 13, 2013 at 3:28 PM, Arturo Servin <arturo.servin@gmail.com> wrote:
> Roger,
>
>         Perhaps I am being naive, but why not just give the space to IANA and
> then they assign to RIRs?

No other reason than to keep it simple, try to avoid involving the RIR
policy part to get the experiment going. That's also why there would
be a wg @IETF that will hand out space, not the different RIRs.
They're only involvment would only be if one of them took on the task
of keeping track of the space.




That's also why Sander Steffann's earlier mail included one piece that
wasn't what I suggested:

<snip>
>> The reason for asking a RIR is that they already have the
>> infrastructure in place... and for those that read ALL of the text in
>> my original post, I suggested we asked RIPE :)
>
> Request noted :-)
>
> If this WG chooses to ask RIPE: The RIPE NCC will need a RIPE policy to use when allocating/assigning address space. Once we have a clear document that describes the basics we can work on that in the RIPE Address Policy WG.


RIPE policy would not be the one describing or deciding on how the
space should be given out, that would be upto LISP-EIB-wg@IETF/or
something else. RIPE's job in my above suggestion would be to keep
track of the space, providing RDNS and simliar..



... but what do all the other here think? Haven't had to many critical
questions regarding the idea, or other comment for that sake.




-- 

Roger Jorgensen           | ROJO9-RIPE
rogerj@gmail.com          | - IPv6 is The Key!
http://www.jorgensen.no   | roger@jorgensen.no

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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Hi Roger,

> That's also why Sander Steffann's earlier mail included one piece that
> wasn't what I suggested:
>=20
> <snip>
>>> The reason for asking a RIR is that they already have the
>>> infrastructure in place... and for those that read ALL of the text =
in
>>> my original post, I suggested we asked RIPE :)
>>=20
>> Request noted :-)
>>=20
>> If this WG chooses to ask RIPE: The RIPE NCC will need a RIPE policy =
to use when allocating/assigning address space. Once we have a clear =
document that describes the basics we can work on that in the RIPE =
Address Policy WG.
>=20
> RIPE policy would not be the one describing or deciding on how the
> space should be given out, that would be upto LISP-EIB-wg@IETF/or
> something else. RIPE's job in my above suggestion would be to keep
> track of the space, providing RDNS and simliar..

In that case the question should go directly to the RIPE NCC and not to =
the RIPE community. If this is not going to be defined in RIPE policy =
then the RIPE NCC members and the RIPE NCC Executive Board have to =
decide if they want the RIPE NCC to do the job. After all: the members =
provide the funding for the RIPE NCC.

Cheers,
Sander


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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Roger,

	Perhaps I am being naive, but why not just give the space to IANA and
then they assign to RIRs?

Regards,
as


On 12/01/2013 20:17, Roger Jørgensen wrote:
> There might be one missunderstanding of my original post:
> 
> 
>> * set aside one /16 for each RIR
>> * out of this /16 _only_ upto /26 split into /32 (64 for each RIR
>> region) can be can be handed out and announced into the global routing
>> table. If someone need something more than /32 they should really come
>> up with a very good reasons now or just ask for regular RIR space
> 
> I did not suggest that each and every RIR got another special space
> they had to administrate in co-ordination with LISP-EIG-wg.
> It was more a way to make sure we get a world-wide experiment so not a
> few EU and US ISPs claim all the space. If you want to get space from
> the APNIC range you have to be a LIR at APNIC, same for all the
> others. Of course this open up a question on how to check this but we
> get ASN, LIR/MNT names ++++, it's doable.
> 
> 
> The next thing I suggested was that _one_ RIR _or_ entity took on the
> job of administrating ths address space. That include handing out /32
> from all of the above mention ranges, but also keep track of reverse
> DNS etc.
> It was not a question of tasking all RIR, or even one RIR with this
> job, but ask if any of the RIR would volunteer for the job.
> 
> The reason for asking a RIR is that they already have the
> infrastructure in place... and for those that read ALL of the text in
> my original post, I suggested we asked RIPE :)
> 
> 
> 
> --- Roger J ---
> 
> On Sat, Jan 12, 2013 at 3:07 PM, Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl> wrote:
>> Hi,
>>
>>> I would note in passing that
>>> A) There is no particular reason that EID registration / allocation needs to be done by the RIRs
>>> A') There is no reason to prohibit the RIRs from providing this function, in competition with others, if they are interested
>>> B) There is no particular indication that the RIRs are interested in running such a function, and I would hate to see us mandate that they help with an experiment unless they are interested in it.
>>
>> I think it would be appropriate to ask the Address Policy working groups of the different RIRs. I think it's a good idea to approach the chairs of those working groups once there is a bit more clarity on the way the addresses are supposed to be used.
>>
>> PS: There is more to it than just handing out the addresses: reverse DNS and RPKI might be appropriate for this address space. The RIRs do have the infrastructure in place to support them. There are other ways to delegate reverse DNS, and maybe we choose not to support RPKI for this address space, but we should keep those things in mind...
>>
>> Cheers,
>> Sander
>>
> 
> 
> 

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Subject: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
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Roger,

On 13/01/2013 12:51, Roger Jørgensen wrote:
> On Sun, Jan 13, 2013 at 3:28 PM, Arturo Servin <arturo.servin@gmail.com> wrote:
>> Roger,
>>
>>         Perhaps I am being naive, but why not just give the space to IANA and
>> then they assign to RIRs?
> 
> No other reason than to keep it simple, try to avoid involving the RIR
> policy part to get the experiment going. That's also why there would
> be a wg @IETF that will hand out space, not the different RIRs.
> They're only involvment would only be if one of them took on the task
> of keeping track of the space.
> 
> 

	I am not sure that any of the scenarios (to one RIR vs IANA) could be
said simpler than the other. It just looks to me "more correct" to
follow the chain that we followed with IPv4, v6 and ASNs: IETF -> IANA
-> RIRs.

	About the mechanisms, IANA also has them (rDNS, recording space, etc.)


> 
> 
> That's also why Sander Steffann's earlier mail included one piece that
> wasn't what I suggested:
> 
> <snip>
>>> The reason for asking a RIR is that they already have the
>>> infrastructure in place... and for those that read ALL of the text in
>>> my original post, I suggested we asked RIPE :)
>>
>> Request noted :-)
>>
>> If this WG chooses to ask RIPE: The RIPE NCC will need a RIPE policy to use when allocating/assigning address space. Once we have a clear document that describes the basics we can work on that in the RIPE Address Policy WG.
> 
> 
> RIPE policy would not be the one describing or deciding on how the
> space should be given out, that would be upto LISP-EIB-wg@IETF/or
> something else. RIPE's job in my above suggestion would be to keep
> track of the space, providing RDNS and simliar..
> 
> 
> 
> ... but what do all the other here think? Haven't had to many critical
> questions regarding the idea, or other comment for that sake.
> 
> 
> 
> 

Regards,
/as

From damien.saucez@gmail.com  Tue Jan 15 06:34:36 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-lisp-deployment
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Hello,

Comments inline


>> From: Terry Manderson <terry.manderson@icann.org>
>> Subject: [lisp] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-lisp-deployment
>> Date: November 21, 2012 8:23:54 PM PST
>> To: LISP mailing list list <lisp@ietf.org>
>>=20
>> All,
>>=20
>> During the WG meeting at IETF 85 the authors of
>> draft-ietf-lisp-deployment-05 requested a work group last call.
>>=20
>> Here starts a 14 day last call for this document, the last call will =
end on
>> Thursday the 6th December, 2012.
>>=20
>> You will find its text here:
>> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-deployment-05
>>=20
>> Please review this WG item and provide any last comments.
>>=20
>> Cheers
>> Terry
>> _______________________________________________
>> lisp mailing list
>> lisp@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>=20


>=20
>=20
> Network Working Group                                           L. =
Jakab
> Internet-Draft                                      A. =
Cabellos-Aparicio
> Intended status: Informational                                  F. =
Coras
> Expires: April 23, 2013                               J. =
Domingo-Pascual
>                                                  Technical University =
of
>                                                                =
Catalonia
>                                                                 D. =
Lewis
>                                                            Cisco =
Systems
>                                                         October 20, =
2012
>=20
>=20
>              LISP Network Element Deployment Considerations
>                    draft-ietf-lisp-deployment-05.txt
>=20
> Abstract
>=20
>    This document discusses the different scenarios for the deployment =
of
>    the new network elements introduced by the Locator/Identifier
>    Separation Protocol (LISP).
>=20
[snip]
> 1.  Introduction
>=20
>    The Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) addresses the
>    scaling issues of the global Internet routing system by separating
>    the current addressing scheme into Endpoint IDentifiers (EIDs) and
>    Routing LOCators (RLOCs).  The main protocol specification
>    [I-D.ietf-lisp] describes how the separation is achieved, which new
>    network elements are introduced, and details the packet formats for
>    the data and control planes.
>=20
>    LISP assumes that such separation is between the edge and core.
>    While the boundary between both is not strictly defined, one widely
>    accepted definition places it at the border routers of stub
>    autonomous systems, which may carry a partial or complete default-
>    free zone (DFZ) routing table.  The initial design of LISP took =
this
>    location as a baseline for protocol development.  However, the
>    applications of LISP go beyond of just decreasing the size of the =
DFZ
>    routing table, and include improved multihoming and ingress traffic
>    engineering (TE) support for edge networks, and even individual
>    hosts.  Throughout the draft we will use the term LISP site to =
refer
>    to these networks/hosts behind a LISP Tunnel Router.  We formally
>    define it as:
>=20
>    LISP site:  A single host or a set of network elements in an edge
>       network under the administrative control of a single =
organization,
>       delimited from other networks by LISP Tunnel Router(s).
>=20
>    Since LISP is a protocol which can be used for different purposes, =
it
>    is important to identify possible deployment scenarios and the
>    additional requirements they may impose on the protocol =
specification
>    and other protocols.  Additionally, this document is intended as a
>    guide for the operational community for LISP deployments in their
>    networks.  It is expected to evolve as LISP deployment progresses,
>    and the described scenarios are better understood or new scenarios
>    are discovered.
>=20
maybe describe rapidly what an network element is.
>    Each subsection considers an element type, discussing the impact of
>    deployment scenarios on the protocol specification.  For definition
>    of terms, please refer to the appropriate documents (as cited in =
the
>    respective sections).
> 2.  Tunnel Routers
>=20
>    LISP is a map-and-encap protocol, with the main goal of improving
>    global routing scalability.  To achieve its goal, it introduces
>    several new network elements, each performing specific functions
>    necessary to separate the edge from the core.=20

wouldn't this clearer in Sec. 1? It is important for the general =
understanding.

>  The device that is the
>=20
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> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                 [Page =
3]
> =0C
> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October =
2012
>=20
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>    gateway between the edge and the core is called Tunnel Router =
(xTR),
>    performing one or both of two separate functions:
>=20
>    1.  Encapsulating packets originating from an end host to be
>        transported over intermediary (transit) networks towards the
>        other end-point of the communication
>=20
>    2.  Decapsulating packets entering from intermediary (transit)
>        networks, originated at a remote end host.
>=20
>    The first function is performed by an Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR),
>    the second by an Egress Tunnel Router (ETR).
>=20
>    Section 8 of the main LISP specification [I-D.ietf-lisp] has a =
short
>    discussion of where Tunnel Routers can be deployed and some of the
>    associated advantages and disadvantages.  This section adds more
>    detail to the scenarios presented there, and provides additional
>    scenarios as well.
>=20
> 2.1.  Customer Edge
>=20
>    LISP was designed with deployment at the core-edge boundary in =
mind,
>    which can be approximated as the set of DFZ routers belonging to =
non-
>    transit ASes.  For the purposes of this document, we will consider
>    this boundary to be consisting of the routers connecting LISP sites
>    to their upstreams.  As such, this is the most common expected
>    scenario for xTRs, and this document considers it the reference
>    location, comparing the other scenarios to this one.
>=20
>                                 ISP1    ISP2
>                                  |        |
>                                  |        |
>                                +----+  +----+
>                             +--|xTR1|--|xTR2|--+
>                             |  +----+  +----+  |
>                             |                  |
>                             |     LISP site    |
>                             +------------------+
>=20
>                     Figure 1: xTRs at the customer edge
>=20
>    =46rom the LISP site perspective the main advantage of this type of
>    deployment (compared to the one described in the next section) is
>    having direct control over its ingress traffic engineering.  This
>    makes it is=20
remove is?

> easy to set up and maintain active/active, active/backup,
>    or more complex TE policies, without involving third parties.
>=20
>    Being under the same administrative control, reachability =
information
>=20
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> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                 [Page =
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> =0C
> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October =
2012
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>    of all ETRs is easier to synchronize, because the necessary control
>    traffic can be allowed between the locators of the ETRs.  A correct
>    synchronous global view of the reachability status is thus =
available,
>    and the Loc-Status-Bits can be set correctly in the LISP data =
header
>    of outgoing packets.
>=20
>    By placing the tunnel router at the edge of the site, existing
>    internal network configuration does not need to be modified.
>    Firewall rules, router configurations and address assignments =
inside
>    the LISP site remain unchanged.  This helps with incremental
>    deployment and allows a quick upgrade path to LISP.  For larger =
sites
>    with many external connections, distributed in geographically =
diverse
>    PoPs, and complex internal topology, it may however make more sense
>    to both encapsulate and decapsulate as soon as possible, to benefit
>    from the information in the IGP to choose the best path (see
>    Section 2.3 for a discussion of this scenario).
>=20
>    Another thing to consider when placing tunnel routers are MTU =
issues.
>    Since encapsulating packets increases overhead, the MTU of the end-
>    to-end path may decrease, when encapsulated packets need to travel
>    over segments having close to minimum MTU.  Some transit networks =
are
>    known to provide larger MTU than the typical value of 1500 bytes of
>    popular access technologies used at end hosts (e.g., IEEE 802.3 and
>    802.11).  However, placing the LISP router connecting to such a
>    network at the customer edge could possibly bring up MTU issues,
>    depending on the link type to the provider as opposed to the
>    following scenario.

counter measures for that (e.g.,  any special setup that can be done to =
minimise the risk
a client is not working properly because of MTU)
> 2.2.  Provider Edge
>=20
>    The other location at the core-edge boundary for deploying LISP
>    routers is at the Internet service provider edge.  The main =
incentive
>    for this case is that the customer does not have to upgrade the CE
>    router(s), or change the configuration of any equipment.
>    Encapsulation/decapsulation happens in the provider's network, =
which
>    may be able to serve several customers with a single device.  For
>    large ISPs with many residential/business customers asking for LISP
>    this can lead to important savings, since there is no need to =
upgrade
>    the software (or hardware, if it's the case) at each client's
>    location.  Instead, they can upgrade the software (or hardware) on =
a
>    few PE routers serving the customers.  This scenario is depicted in
>    Figure 2.
>=20
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> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                 [Page =
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> =0C
> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October =
2012
>=20
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>                   +----------+        +------------------+
>                   |   ISP1   |        |       ISP2       |
>                   |          |        |                  |
>                   |  +----+  |        |  +----+  +----+  |
>                   +--|xTR1|--+        +--|xTR2|--|xTR3|--+
>                      +----+              +----+  +----+
>                         |                  |       |
>                         |                  |       |
>                         +--<[LISP site]>---+-------+
>=20
>                           Figure 2: xTR at the PE
>=20
>    While this approach can make transition easy for customers and may =
be
>    cheaper for providers, the LISP site looses one of the main =
benefits
>    of LISP: ingress traffic engineering.  Since the provider controls
>    the ETRs, additional complexity would be needed to allow customers =
to
>    modify their mapping entries.

or the client can have some form of access to the configuration (a bit =
like tagging route with
special communities in BGP to tell the ISP to which of its operator not =
advertise the route)
>    The problem is aggravated when the LISP site is multihomed.  =
Consider
>    the scenario in Figure 2: whenever a change to TE policies is
>    required, the customer contacts both ISP1 and ISP2 to make the
>    necessary changes on the routers (if they provide this =
possibility).

ok, cf supra
>    It is however unlikely, that both ISPs will apply changes
>    simultaneously, which may lead to inconsistent state for the =
mappings
>    of the LISP site.  Since the different upstream ISPs are usually
>    competing business entities, the ETRs may even be configured to
>    compete, either to attract all the traffic or to get no traffic.  =
The
>    former will happen if the customer pays per volume, the latter if =
the
>    connectivity has a fixed price.  A solution could be to have the
>    mappings in the Map-Server(s), and have their operator give control
>    over the entries to customer, much like in the Domain Name System =
at
>    the time of this writing.
>=20
>    Additionally, since xTR1, xTR2, and xTR3 are in different
>    administrative domains, locator reachability information is =
unlikely
>    to be exchanged among them, making it difficult to set Loc-Status-
>    Bits correctly on encapsulated packets.
>=20
IMHO this document should suggest not to use LSB in the Internet case =
deployment

>    Compared to the customer edge scenario, deploying LISP at the
>    provider edge might have the advantage of diminishing potential MTU
>    issues, because the tunnel router is closer to the core, where =
links
>    typically have higher MTUs than edge network links.
>=20
> 2.3.  Split ITR/ETR
>=20
>    In a simple LISP deployment, xTRs are located at the border of the
>    LISP site (see Section 2.1).  In this scenario packets are routed
>    inside the domain according to the EID.  However, more complex
>=20
>=20
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> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                 [Page =
6]
> =0C
> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October =
2012
>=20
>=20
>    networks may want to route packets according to the destination =
RLOC.
>    This would enable them to choose the best egress point.
>=20
>    The LISP specification separates the ITR and ETR functionality and
>    considers that both entities can be deployed in separated network
>    equipment.  ITRs can be deployed closer to the host (i.e., access
>    routers).  This way packets are encapsulated as soon as possible, =
and
>    packets exit the network through the best egress point in terms of
>    BGP policy.  In turn, ETRs can be deployed at the border routers of
>    the network, and packets are decapsulated as soon as possible.  =
Once
>    decapsulated, packets are routed based on destination EID, =
according
>    to internal routing policy.
>=20
>    In the following figure we can see an example.  The Source (S)
>    transmits packets using its EID and in this particular case packets
>    are encapsulated at ITR_1.  The encapsulated packets are routed
>    inside the domain according to the destination RLOC, and can egress
>    the network through the best point (i.e., closer to the RLOC's AS).
>    On the other hand, inbound packets are received by ETR_1 which
>    decapsulates them.  Then packets are routed towards S according to
>    the EID, again following the best path.
>=20
>       +---------------------------------------+
>       |                                       |
>       |       +-------+                   +-------+         +-------+
>       |       | ITR_1 |---------+         | ETR_1 |-RLOC_A--| ISP_A |
>       |       +-------+         |         +-------+         +-------+
>       |  +-+        |           |             |
>       |  |S|        |    IGP    |             |
>       |  +-+        |           |             |
>       |       +-------+         |         +-------+         +-------+
>       |       | ITR_2 |---------+         | ETR_2 |-RLOC_B--| ISP_B |
>       |       +-------+                   +-------+         +-------+
>       |                                       |
>       +---------------------------------------+
>=20
>                      Figure 3: Split ITR/ETR Scenario
>=20
>    This scenario has a set of implications:
>=20
>    o  The site must carry at least partial BGP routes in order to =
choose
>       the best egress point, increasing the complexity of the network.
>       However, this is usually already the case for LISP sites that
>       would benefit from this scenario.
>=20
>    o  If the site is multihomed to different ISPs and any of the
>       upstream ISPs is doing uRPF filtering, this scenario may become
>       impractical.  ITRs need to determine the exit ETR, for setting =
the
>=20
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> =0C
> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October =
2012
>=20
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>       correct source RLOC in the encapsulation header.  This adds
>       complexity and reliability concerns.
>=20
>    o  In LISP, ITRs set the reachability bits when encapsulating data
>       packets.  Hence, ITRs need a mechanism to be aware of the =
liveness
>       of all ETRs serving their site.
>=20
>    o  MTU within the site network must be large enough to accommodate
>       encapsulated packets.
>=20
>    o  In this scenario, each ITR is serving fewer hosts than in the =
case
>       when it is deployed at the border of the network.  It has been
>       shown that cache hit ratio grows logarithmically with the amount
>       of users [cache].  Taking this into account, when ITRs are
>       deployed closer to the host the effectiveness of the mapping =
cache
>       may be lower (i.e., the miss ratio is higher).  Another
>       consequence of this is that the site may transmit a higher =
amount
>       of Map-Requests, increasing the load on the distributed mapping
>       database.
>=20
one possible solution is to aggregate Map-Requests with a hierarchy =
(=E0-la DDT).

> 2.4.  Inter-Service Provider Traffic Engineering
>=20
>    With LISP, two LISP sites can route packets among them and control
>    their ingress TE policies.  Typically, LISP is seen as applicable =
to
>    stub networks, however the LISP protocol can also be applied to
>    transit networks recursively.
>=20
>    Consider the scenario depicted in Figure 4.  Packets originating =
from
>    the LISP site Stub1, client of ISP_A, with destination Stub4, =
client
>    of ISP_B, are LISP encapsulated at their entry point into the =
ISP_A's
>    network.  The external IP header now has as the source RLOC an IP
>    from ISP_A's address space and destination RLOC from ISP_B's =
address
>    space.  One or more ASes separate ISP_A from ISP_B. With a single
>    level of LISP encapsulation, Stub4 has control over its ingress
>    traffic.  However, at the time of this writing, ISP_B has only BGP
>    tools (such as prefix deaggregation) to control on which of his own
>    upstream or peering links should packets enter.  This is either not
>    feasible (if fine-grained per-customer control is required, the =
very
>    specific prefixes may not be propagated) or increases DFZ table =
size.
>=20
>                                   _.--.
>     Stub1 ...   +-------+      ,-''     `--.      +-------+   ... =
Stub3
>              \  |   R_A1|----,'             `. ---|R_B1   |  /
>               --|   R_A2|---(     Transit     )   |       |--
>     Stub2 .../  |   R_A3|-----.             ,' ---|R_B2   |  \... =
Stub4
>                 +-------+      `--.     _.-'      +-------+
>           ...     ISP_A            `--''            ISP_B     ...
>=20
>=20
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> =0C
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>                Figure 4: Inter-Service provider TE scenario
>=20
>    A solution for this is to apply LISP recursively.  ISP_A and ISP_B
>    may reach a bilateral agreement to deploy their own private mapping
>    system.  ISP_A then encapsulates packets destined for the prefixes =
of
>    ISP_B, which are listed in the shared mapping system.  Note that in
>    this case the packet is double-encapsulated (using R_A1, R_A2 or =
R_A3
>    as source and R_B1 or R_B2 as destination in the example above).
>    ISP_B's ETR removes the outer, second layer of LISP encapsulation
>    from the incoming packet, and routes it towards the original RLOC,
>    the ETR of Stub4, which does the final decapsulation.
>=20

if there is bilateral agreement, could we imagine single encapsulation =
and use instance-id
to differentiate with the "source" able to install mappings at the =
second tier?

>    If ISP_A and ISP_B agree to share a private distributed mapping
>    database, both can control their ingress TE without the need of
>    deaggregating prefixes.  In this scenario the private database
>    contains RLOC-to-RLOC bindings.  The convergence time on the TE
>    policies updates is expected to be fast, since ISPs only have to
>    update/query a mapping to/from the database.
but convergence is O(TTL) or then specify to use SMR or Versioning
>    This deployment scenario includes two important caveats.  First, it
>    is intended to be deployed between only two ISPs (ISP_A and ISP_B =
in
>    Figure 4).  If more than two ISPs use this approach, then the xTRs
>    deployed at the participating ISPs must either query multiple =
mapping
>    systems, or the ISPs must agree on a common shared mapping system.
>    Second, the scenario is only recommended for ISPs providing
>    connectivity to LISP sites, such that source RLOCs of packets to be
>    reencapsulated belong to said ISP.  Otherwise the participating =
ISPs
>    must register prefixes they do not own in the above mentioned =
private
>    mapping system.  Failure to follow these recommendations may lead =
to
>    operational and security issues when deploying this scenario.
>=20
>    Besides these recommendations, the main disadvantages of this
>    deployment case are:
>=20
>    o  Extra LISP header is needed.  This increases the packet size and
>       requires that the MTU between both ISPs accommodates double-
>       encapsulated packets.
>=20
>    o  The ISP ITR must encapsulate packets and therefore must know the
>       RLOC-to-RLOC binding.  These bindings are stored in a mapping
>       database and may be cached in the ITR's mapping cache.  Cache
>       misses lead to an additional lookup latency, unless a push based
>       mapping system is used for the private mapping system.
>=20
>    o  The operational overhead of maintaining the shared mapping
>       database.
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
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> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                 [Page =
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> =0C
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>=20
>=20
>    o  If an IPv6 address block is reserved for EID use, as specified =
in
>       [I-D.ietf-lisp-eid-block], the EID-to-RLOC encapsulation (first
>       level) can avoid LISP processing altogether for non-LISP
>       destinations.  The ISP tunnel routers however will not be able =
to
>       take advantage of this optimization, all RLOC-to-RLOC mappings
>       need a lookup in the private database (or map-cache, once =
results
>       are cached).
>=20
> 2.5.  Tunnel Routers Behind NAT
>=20
>    NAT in this section refers to IPv4 network address and port
>    translation.
>=20
> 2.5.1.  ITR
>=20
>    Packets encapsulated by an ITR are just UDP packets from a NAT
>    device's point of view, and they are handled like any UDP packet,
>    there are no additional requirements for LISP data packets.
>=20
>    Map-Requests sent by an ITR, which create the state in the NAT =
table,
>    have a different 5-tuple in the IP header than the Map-Reply
>    generated by the authoritative ETR.  Since the source address of =
this
>    packet is different from the destination address of the request
>    packet, no state will be matched in the NAT table and the packet =
will
>    be dropped.  To avoid this, the NAT device has to do the following:
>=20
>    o  Send all UDP packets with source port 4342, regardless of the
>       destination port, to the RLOC of the ITR.  The most simple way =
to
>       achieve this is configuring 1:1 NAT mode from the external RLOC =
of
>       the NAT device to the ITR's RLOC (Called "DMZ" mode in consumer
>       broadband routers).
>=20
>    o  Rewrite the ITR-AFI and "Originating ITR RLOC Address" fields in
>       the payload.
>=20
>    This setup supports a single ITR behind the NAT device.
>=20
> 2.5.2.  ETR
>=20
>    An ETR placed behind NAT is reachable from the outside by the
>    Internet-facing locator of the NAT device.  It needs to know this
>    locator (and configure a loopback interface with it), so that it =
can
>    use it in Map-Reply and Map-Register messages.  Thus support for
>    dynamic locators for the mapping database is needed in LISP
>    equipment.
>=20
>    Again, only one ETR behind the NAT device is supported.
>=20
>=20
>=20
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> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page =
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>=20
>=20
>    An implication of the issues described above is that LISP sites =
with
>    xTRs can not be behind carrier based NATs, since two different =
sites
>    would collide on the port forwarding.
>=20
> 2.6.  Summary and Feature Matrix
>=20
>           Feature                         CE    PE    Split   Rec.
>           --------------------------------------------------------
>           Control of ingress TE            x     -      x      x
>           No modifications to existing
>              int. network infrastructure   x     x      -      -
>           Loc-Status-Bits sync             x     -      x      x
>           MTU/PMTUD issues minimized       -     x      -      x
>=20
Does Rec. mean recursive? if so, make it explicit

> 3.  Map-Resolvers and Map-Servers
>=20
> 3.1.  Map-Servers
>=20
s/Map-Server/Map Server/ga

>    The Map-Server learns EID-to-RLOC mapping entries from an
>    authoritative source and publishes them in the distributed mapping
>    database.  These entries are learned through authenticated Map-
>    Register messages sent by authoritative ETRs.  Also, upon reception
>    of a Map-Request, the Map-Server verifies that the destination EID
>    matches an EID-prefix for which it is authoritative for, and then =
re-
>    encapsulates and forwards it to a matching ETR.  Map-Server
>    functionality is described in detail in [I-D.ietf-lisp-ms].
>=20
>    The Map-Server is provided by a Mapping Service Provider (MSP).  A
>    MSP can be any of the following:
>=20
>    o  EID registrar.  Since the IPv4 address space is nearing
>       exhaustion, IPv4 EIDs will come from already allocated Provider
>       Independent (PI) space.  The registrars in this case remain the
>       current five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs).  In the case =
of
>       IPv6, the possibility of reserving a /16 block as EID space is
>       currently under consideration [I-D.ietf-lisp-eid-block].  If
>       granted by IANA, the community will have to determine the body
>       responsible for allocations from this block, and the associated
>       policies.  Existing allocation policies apply to EIDs outside =
this
>       block.
>=20
>    o  Third parties.  Participating in the LISP mapping system is
>       similar to participating in global routing or DNS: as long as
>       there is at least another already participating entity willing =
to
>       forward the newcomer's traffic, there is no barrier to entry.
>       Still, just like routing and DNS, LISP mappings have the issue =
of
>       trust, with efforts underway to make the published information
>=20
>=20
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> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page =
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2012
>=20
>=20
>       verifiable.  When these mechanisms will be deployed in the LISP
>       mapping system, the burden of providing and verifying trust =
should
>       be kept away from MSPs, which will simply host the secured
>       mappings.  This will keep the low barrier of entry to become an
>       MSP for third parties.
>=20
>    In all cases, the MSP configures its Map-Server(s) to publish the
>    prefixes of its clients in the distributed mapping database and =
start
>    encapsulating and forwarding Map-Requests to the ETRs of the AS.
>    These ETRs register their prefix(es) with the Map-Server(s) through
>    periodic authenticated Map-Register messages.  In this context, for
>    some LISP end sites, there is a need for mechanisms to:
>=20
how periodic (suggestion of good timers)?
>    o  Automatically distribute EID prefix(es) shared keys between the
>       ETRs and the EID-registrar Map-Server.
>=20
>    o  Dynamically obtain the address of the Map-Server in the ETR of =
the
>       AS.
>=20
>    The Map-Server plays a key role in the reachability of the EID-
>    prefixes it is serving.  On the one hand it is publishing these
>    prefixes into the distributed mapping database and on the other =
hand
>    it is encapsulating and forwarding Map-Requests to the =
authoritative
>    ETRs of these prefixes.  ITRs encapsulating towards EIDs under the
>    responsibility of a failed Map-Server will be unable to look up any
>    of their covering prefixes.  The only exception are the ITRs that
>    already contain the mappings in their local cache.  In this case =
ITRs
>    can reach ETRs until the entry expires (typically 24 hours).=20

where does the "typically 24h" come from?
>  For
>    this reason, redundant Map-Server deployments are desirable.  A set
>    of Map-Servers providing high-availability service to the same set =
of
>    prefixes is called a redundancy group.  ETRs are configured to send
>    Map-Register messages to all Map-Servers in the redundancy group.  =
To
>    achieve fail-over (or load-balancing, if desired),

>  known mapping
>    system specific best practices should be used.
>=20

what is meant by this very sentence?

>    Additionally, if a Map-Server has no reachability for any ETR =
serving
>    a given EID block, it should not originate that block into the
>    mapping system.
why?

> 3.2.  Map-Resolvers
>=20
s/Map-Resolver/Map Resolver/ga

>    A Map-Resolver a is a network infrastructure component which =
accepts
>    LISP encapsulated Map-Requests, typically from an ITR, and finds =
the
>    appropriate EID-to-RLOC mapping by either consulting its local =
cache
>    or by consulting the distributed mapping database.  Map-Resolver
>    functionality is described in detail in [I-D.ietf-lisp-ms].
>=20
>    Anyone with access to the distributed mapping database can set up a
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page =
12]
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2012
>=20
>=20
>    Map-Resolver and provide EID-to-RLOC mapping lookup service.
>    Database access setup is mapping system specific.
>=20
>    For performance reasons, it is recommended that LISP sites use Map-
>    Resolvers that are topologically close to their ITRs.  ISPs
>    supporting LISP will provide this service to their customers,
>    possibly restricting access to their user base.  LISP sites not in
>    this position can use open access Map-Resolvers, if available.
>    However, regardless of the availability of open access resolvers, =
the
>    MSP providing the Map-Server(s) for a LISP site should also make
>    available Map-Resolver(s) for the use of that site.
>=20
>    In medium to large-size ASes, ITRs must be configured with the RLOC
>    of a Map-Resolver, operation which can be done manually.  However, =
in
>    Small Office Home Office (SOHO) scenarios a mechanism for
>    autoconfiguration should be provided.
>=20
>    One solution to avoid manual configuration in LISP sites of any =
size
>    is the use of anycast RLOCs for Map-Resolvers similar to the DNS =
root
>    server infrastructure.  Since LISP uses UDP encapsulation, the use =
of
>    anycast would not affect reliability.

maybe change the term reliability because anycast actually improves =
reliability, isnt'it?
>   LISP routers are then shipped
>    with a preconfigured list of well know Map-Resolver RLOCs, which =
can
>    be edited by the network administrator, if needed.
>=20
>    The use of anycast also helps improving mapping lookup performance.
>    Large MSPs can increase the number and geographical diversity of
>    their Map-Resolver infrastructure, using a single anycasted RLOC.
>    Once LISP deployment is advanced enough, very large content =
providers
>    may also be interested running this kind of setup, to ensure =
minimal
>    connection setup latency for those connecting to their network from
>    LISP sites.
>=20
>    While Map-Servers and Map-Resolvers implement different
>    functionalities within the LISP mapping system, they can coexist on
>    the same device.  For example, MSPs offering both services, can
>    deploy a single Map-Resolver/Map-Server in each PoP where they have =
a
>    presence.
>=20
>=20
> 4.  Proxy Tunnel Routers
>=20
> 4.1.  P-ITR
>=20
>    Proxy Ingress Tunnel Routers (P-ITRs) are part of the non-LISP/LISP
>    transition mechanism, allowing non-LISP sites to reach LISP sites.
>    They announce via BGP certain EID prefixes (aggregated, whenever
>    possible) to attract traffic from non-LISP sites towards EIDs in =
the
>    covered range.  They do the mapping system lookup, and encapsulate
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page =
13]
> =0C
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2012
>=20
>=20
>    received packets towards the appropriate ETR.  Note that for the
>    reverse path LISP sites can reach non-LISP sites simply by not
>    encapsulating traffic.  See [I-D.ietf-lisp-interworking] for a
>    detailed description of P-ITR functionality.
>=20
>    The success of new protocols depends greatly on their ability to
>    maintain backwards compatibility and inter-operate with the
>    protocol(s) they intend to enhance or replace, and on the =
incentives
>    to deploy the necessary new software or equipment.  A LISP site =
needs
>    an interworking mechanism to be reachable from non-LISP sites.  A
>    P-ITR can fulfill this role, enabling early adopters to see the
>    benefits of LISP, similar to tunnel brokers helping the transition
>    from IPv4 to IPv6.  A site benefits from new LISP functionality
>    (proportionally with existing global LISP deployment) when going
>    LISP, so it has the incentives to deploy the necessary tunnel
>    routers.  In order to be reachable from non-LISP sites it has two
>    options: keep announcing its prefix(es) with BGP, or have a P-ITR
>    announce prefix(es) covering them.
>=20
>    If the goal of reducing the DFZ routing table size is to be =
reached,
>    the second option is preferred.  Moreover, the second option allows
>    LISP-based ingress traffic engineering from all sites.  However, =
the
>    placement of P-ITRs significantly influences performance and
>    deployment incentives.  Section 5 is dedicated to the migration to =
a
>    LISP-enabled Internet, and includes deployment scenarios for =
P-ITRs.
>=20
> 4.2.  P-ETR
>=20
>    In contrast to P-ITRs, P-ETRs are not required for the correct
>    functioning of all LISP sites.  There are two cases, where they can
>    be of great help:
>=20
>    o  LISP sites with unicast reverse path forwarding (uRPF)
>       restrictions, and
>=20
>    o  Communication between sites using different address family =
RLOCs.
>=20
>    In the first case, uRPF filtering is applied at their upstream PE
>    router.  When forwarding traffic to non-LISP sites, an ITR does not
>    encapsulate packets, leaving the original IP headers intact.  As a
>    result, packets will have EIDs in their source address.  Since we =
are
>    discussing the transition period, we can assume that a prefix
>    covering the EIDs belonging to the LISP site is advertised to the
>    global routing tables by a P-ITR, and the PE router has a route
>    towards it.  However, the next hop will not be on the interface
>    towards the CE router, so non-encapsulated packets will fail uRPF
>    checks.
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page =
14]
> =0C
> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October =
2012
>=20
>=20
>    To avoid this filtering, the affected ITR encapsulates packets
>    towards the locator of the P-ETR for non-LISP destinations.  Now =
the
>    source address of the packets, as seen by the PE router is the =
ITR's
>    locator, which will not fail the uRPF check.  The P-ETR then
>    decapsulates and forwards the packets.
>=20
>    The second use case is IPv4-to-IPv6 transition.  Service providers
>    using older access network hardware, which only supports IPv4 can
>    still offer IPv6 to their clients, by providing a CPE device =
running
>    LISP, and P-ETR(s) for accessing IPv6-only non-LISP sites and LISP
>    sites, with IPv6-only locators.  Packets originating from the =
client
>    LISP site for these destinations would be encapsulated towards the
>    P-ETR's IPv4 locator.  The P-ETR is in a native IPv6 network,
>    decapsulating and forwarding packets.  For non-LISP destination, =
the
>    packet travels natively from the P-ETR.  For LISP destinations with
>    IPv6-only locators, the packet will go through a P-ITR, in order to
>    reach its destination.
>=20
>    For more details on P-ETRs see the [I-D.ietf-lisp-interworking]
>    draft.
>=20
>    P-ETRs can be deployed by ISPs wishing to offer value-added =
services
>    to their customers.  As is the case with P-ITRs, P-ETRs too may
>    introduce path stretch.  Because of this the ISP needs to consider
>    the tradeoff of using several devices, close to the customers, to
>    minimize it, or few devices, farther away from the customers,
>    minimizing cost instead.
>=20
>    Since the deployment incentives for P-ITRs and P-ETRs are =
different,
>    it is likely they will be deployed in separate devices, except for
>    the CDN case, which may deploy both in a single device.
>=20
>    In all cases, the existence of a P-ETR involves another step in the
>    configuration of a LISP router.  CPE routers, which are typically
>    configured by DHCP, stand to benefit most from P-ETRs.
>    Autoconfiguration of the P-ETR locator could be achieved by a DHCP
>    option, or adding a P-ETR field to either Map-Notifys or =
Map-Replies.
>=20
>    As a security measure, access to P-ETRs should be limited to
>    legitimate users by enforcing ACLs.
>=20
>=20
> 5.  Migration to LISP
>=20
>    This section discusses a deployment architecture to support the
>    migration to a LISP-enabled Internet.  The loosely defined terms of
>    "early transition phase", "late transition phase", and "LISP =
Internet
>    phase" refer to time periods when LISP sites are a minority, a
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page =
15]
> =0C
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2012
>=20
>=20
>    majority, or represent all edge networks respectively.
>=20
> 5.1.  LISP+BGP
>=20
>    For sites wishing to go LISP with their PI prefix the least
>    disruptive way is to upgrade their border routers to support LISP,
>    register the prefix into the LISP mapping system, but keep =
announcing
>    it with BGP as well.  This way LISP sites will reach them over =
LISP,
>    while legacy sites will be unaffected by the change.  The main
>    disadvantage of this approach is that no decrease in the DFZ =
routing
>    table size is achieved.  Still, just increasing the number of LISP
>    sites is an important gain, as an increasing LISP/non-LISP site =
ratio
>    will slowly decrease the need for BGP-based traffic engineering =
that
>    leads to prefix deaggregation.  That, in turn, may lead to a =
decrease
>    in the DFZ size in the late transition phase.

and potentially the churn (except maybe because of PITR)
>    This scenario is not limited to sites that already have their
>    prefixes announced with BGP.  Newly allocated EID blocks could =
follow
>    this strategy as well during the early LISP deployment phase,
>    depending on the cost/benefit analysis of the individual networks.
>    Since this leads to an increase in the DFZ size, the following
>    architecture should be preferred for new allocations.
>=20
> 5.2.  Mapping Service Provider (MSP) P-ITR Service
>=20
>    In addition to publishing their clients' registered prefixes in the
>    mapping system, MSPs with enough transit capacity can offer them
>    P-ITR service as a separate service.  This service is especially
>    useful for new PI allocations, to sites without existing BGP
>    infrastructure, that wish to avoid BGP altogether.  The MSP =
announces
>    the prefix into the DFZ, and the client benefits from ingress =
traffic
>    engineering without prefix deaggregation.  The downside of this
>    scenario is adding path stretch.
>=20
>    Routing all non-LISP ingress traffic through a third party which is
>    not one of its ISPs is only feasible for sites with modest amounts =
of
>    traffic (like those using the IPv6 tunnel broker services today),
>    especially in the first stage of the transition to LISP, with a
>    significant number of legacy sites.  When the LISP/non-LISP site
>    ratio becomes high enough, this approach can prove increasingly
>    attractive.
>=20
>    Compared to LISP+BGP, this approach avoids DFZ bloat caused by =
prefix
>    deaggregation for traffic engineering purposes, resulting in slower
>    routing table increase in the case of new allocations and potential
>    decrease for existing ones.  Moreover, MSPs serving different =
clients
>    with adjacent aggregable prefixes may lead to additional decrease,
>    but quantifying this decrease is subject to future research study.
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page =
16]
> =0C
> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October =
2012
>=20
>=20
> 5.3.  Proxy-ITR Route Distribution (PITR-RD)
>=20
>    Instead of a LISP site, or the MSP, announcing their EIDs with BGP =
to
>    the DFZ, this function can be outsourced to a third party, a P-ITR
>    Service Provider (PSP).  This will result in a decrease of the
>    operational complexity both at the site and at the MSP.
>=20
>    The PSP manages a set of distributed P-ITR(s) that will advertise =
the
>    corresponding EID prefixes through BGP to the DFZ.  These P-ITR(s)
>    will then encapsulate the traffic they receive for those EIDs =
towards
>    the RLOCs of the LISP site, ensuring their reachability from =
non-LISP
>    sites.
>=20
>    While it is possible for a PSP to manually configure each client's
>    EID routes to be announced, this approach offers little flexibility
>    and is not scalable.  This section presents a scalable architecture
>    that offers automatic distribution of EID routes to LISP sites and
>    service providers.
>=20
>    The architecture requires no modification to existing LISP network
>    elements, but it introduces a new (conceptual) network element, the
>    EID Route Server, defined as a router that either propagates routes
>    learned from other EID Route Servers, or it originates EID Routes.
>    The EID-Routes that it originates are those that it is =
authoritative
>    for.  It propagates these routes to Proxy-ITRs within the AS of the
>    EID Route Server.  It is worth to note that a BGP capable router =
can
>    be also considered as an EID Route Server.
>=20
>    Further, an EID-Route is defined as a prefix originated via the =
Route
>    Server of the mapping service provider, which should be aggregated =
if
>    the MSP has multiple customers inside a single netblock.=20
define netblock
>  This prefix
>    is propagated to other P-ITRs both within the MSP and to other =
P-ITR
>    operators it peers with.  EID Route Servers are operated either by
>    the LISP site, MSPs or PSPs, and they may be collocated with a Map-
>    Server or P-ITR, but are a functionally discrete entity.  They
>    distribute EID-Routes, using BGP, to other domains, according to
>    policies set by participants.
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page =
17]
> =0C
> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October =
2012
>=20
>=20
>                               MSP (AS64500)
>                               RS ---> P-ITR
>                                |        /
>                                |  _.--./
>                               ,-''    /`--.
>              LISP site   ---,' |     v     `.
>                            (   |   DFZ       )----- Mapping system
>          non-LISP site   ----. |    ^      ,'
>                               `--. /   _.-'
>                                |  `--''
>                                v /
>                              P-ITR
>                              PSP (AS64501)
>=20
>             Figure 5: The P-ITR Route Distribution architecture
>=20
>    The architecture described above decouples EID origination from =
route
>    propagation, with the following benefits:
>=20
>    o  Can accurately represent business relationships between P-ITR
>       operators
>=20
>    o  More mapping system agnostic
>=20
>    o  Minor changes to P-ITR implementation, no changes to other
>       components
>=20
>    In the example in the figure we have a MSP providing services to =
the
>    LISP site.  The LISP site does not run BGP, and gets an EID
>    allocation directly from a RIR, or from the MSP, who may be a LIR.
>    Existing PI allocations can be migrated as well.  The MSP ensures =
the
>    presence of the prefix in the mapping system, and runs an EID Route
>    Server to distribute it to P-ITR service providers.  Since the LISP
>    site does not run BGP, the prefix will be originated with the AS
>    number of the MSP.
>=20
>    In the simple case depicted in Figure 5 the EID-Route of LISP Site
>    will be originated by the Route Server, and announced to the DFZ by
>    the PSP's P-ITRs with AS path 64501 64500.  =46rom that point on, =
the
>    usual BGP dynamics apply.  This way, routes announced by P-ITR are
>    still originated by the authoritative Route Server.  Note that the
>    peering relationships between MSP/PSPs and those in the underlying
>    forwarding plane may not be congruent, making the AS path to a =
P-ITR
>    shorter than it is in reality.
>=20
>    The non-LISP site will select the best path towards the EID-prefix,
>    according to its local BGP policies.  Since AS-path length is =
usually
>    an important metric for selecting paths, a careful placement of =
P-ITR
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page =
18]
> =0C
> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October =
2012
>=20
>=20
>    could significantly reduce path-stretch between LISP and non-LISP
>    sites.
>=20
>    The architecture allows for flexible policies between MSP/PSPs.
>    Consider the EID Route Server networks as control plane overlays,
>    facilitating the implementation of policies necessary to reflect =
the
>    business relationships between participants.  The results are then
>    injected to the common underlying forwarding plane.  For example,
>    some MSP/PSPs may agree to exchange EID-Prefixes and only announce
>    them to each of their forwarding plane customers.  Global
>    reachability of an EID-prefix depends on the MSP the LISP site buys
>    service from, and is also subject to agreement between the =
mentioned
>    parties.
>=20
>    In terms of impact on the DFZ, this architecture results in a =
slower
>    routing table increase for new allocations, since traffic =
engineering
>    will be done at the LISP level.  For existing allocations migrating
>    to LISP, the DFZ may decrease since MSPs may be able to aggregate =
the
>    prefixes announced.
>=20
>    Compared to LISP+BGP, this approach avoids DFZ bloat caused by =
prefix
>    deaggregation for traffic engineering purposes, resulting in slower
>    routing table increase in the case of new allocations and potential
>    decrease for existing ones.  Moreover, MSPs serving different =
clients
>    with adjacent aggregable prefixes may lead to additional decrease,
>    but quantifying this decrease is subject to future research study.
>=20
>    The flexibility and scalability of this architecture does not come
>    without a cost however: A PSP operator has to establish either
>    transit or peering relationships to improve their connectivity.
What's happening when sites have to change their EID? for example after =
a network merge.

> 5.4.  Migration Summary
>=20
>    The following table presents the expected effects of the different
>    transition scenarios during a certain phase on the DFZ routing =
table
>    size:
>=20
>     Phase            | LISP+BGP     | MSP P-ITR       | PITR-RD
>     =
-----------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------
>     Early transition | no change    | slower increase | slower =
increase
>     Late transition  | may decrease | slower increase | slower =
increase
>     LISP Internet    |             considerable decrease
>=20
The "considerable decrease" depends on where LISP is deployed, if it is =
very close to the
hosts, maybe it would not be so considerable.

>    It is expected that PITR-RD will co-exist with LISP+BGP during the
>    migration, with the latter being more popular in the early =
transition
>    phase.  As the transition progresses and the MSP P-ITR and PITR-RD
>    ecosystem gets more ubiquitous, LISP+BGP should become less
>    attractive, slowing down the increase of the number of routes in =
the
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page =
19]
> =0C
> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October =
2012
>=20
>=20
>    DFZ.
>=20
>=20
> 6.  Step-by-Step Example BGP to LISP Migration Procedure
>=20
> 6.1.  Customer Pre-Install and Pre-Turn-up Checklist
>=20
>    1.  Determine how many current physical service provider =
connections
>        the customer has and their existing bandwidth and traffic
>        engineering requirements.
>=20
>        This information will determine the number of routing locators,
>        and the priorities and weights that should be configured on the
>        xTRs.
>=20
>    2.  Make sure customer router has LISP capabilities.
>=20
>        *  Obtain output of 'show version' from the CE router.
>=20
too Cisco ;-)
uname -a is another way :-D
>           This information can be used to determine if the platform is
>           appropriate to support LISP, in order to determine if a
>           software and/or hardware upgrade is required.
>=20
>        *  Have customer upgrade (if necessary, software and/or =
hardware)
>           to be LISP capable.
>=20
>    3.  Obtain current running configuration of CE router.  A suggested
>        LISP router configuration example can be customized to the
>        customer's existing environment.
>=20
>    4.  Verify MTU Handling
>=20
>        *  Request increase in MTU to (1556)=20

why parenthesis?

> on service provider
>           connections.  Prior to MTU change verify that 1500 byte =
packet
>           from P-xTR to RLOC with do not fragment (DF-bit) bit set.
>=20
>        *  Ensure they are not filtering ICMP unreachable or time-
>           exceeded on their firewall or router.
>=20
>        LISP, like any tunneling protocol, will increase the size of
>        packets when the LISP header is appended.  If increasing the =
MTU
>        of the access links is not possible, care must be taken that =
ICMP
>        is not being filtered in order to allow for Path MTU Discovery =
to
>        take place.
>=20
>    5.  Validate member prefix allocation.
>=20
>        This step is to check if the prefix used by the customer is a
>=20
>=20
>=20
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20]
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2012
>=20
>=20
>        direct (Provider Independent), or if it is a prefix assigned by =
a
>        physical service provider (Provider Allocated).

I always thought PA meant "Provider Aggregatable".=20
>   If the prefixes
>        are assigned by other service provivers then a Letter of
>        Agreement is required to announce prefixes through the Proxy
>        Service Provider.
>=20
>    6.  Verify the member RLOCs and their reachability.
>=20
>        This step ensures that the RLOCs configured on the CE router =
are
>        in fact reachable and working.
>=20
>    7.  Prepare for cut-over.
>=20
>        *  If possible, have a host outside of all security and =
filtering
>           policies connected to the console port of the edge router or
>           switch.
>=20
>        *  Make sure customer has access to the router in order to
>           configure it.
>=20
> 6.2.  Customer Activating LISP Service
>=20
>    1.  Customer configures LISP on CE router(s) from service provider
>        recommended configuration.
>=20
>        The LISP configuration consists of the EID prefix, the =
locators,
>        and the weights and priorities of the mapping between the two
>        values.  In addition, the xTR must be configured with Map-
>        Resolver(s), Map-Server(s) and the shared key for registering =
to
>        Map-Server(s).  If required, Proxy-ETR(s) may be configured as
>        well.
>=20
>        In addition to the LISP configuration, the following:
>=20
>        *  Ensure default route(s) to next-hop external neighbors are
>           included and RLOCs are present in configuration.
>=20
>        *  If two or more routers are used, ensure all RLOCs are =
included
>           in the LISP configuration on all routers.
>=20
>        *  It will be necessary to redistribute default route via IGP
>           between the external routers.
>=20
>    2.  When transition is ready perform a soft shutdown on existing =
eBGP
>        peer session(s)
>=20
>        *  =46rom CE router, use LIG to ensure registration is =
successful.
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page =
21]
> =0C
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2012
>=20
>=20
>        *  To verify LISP connectivity, ping LISP connected sites.  See
>           http://www.lisp4.net/ and/or http://www.lisp6.net/ for
>           potential candidates.
>=20
>        *  To verify connectivity to non-LISP sites, try accessing
a landmark (e.g., a=20
>  major
>           Internet sites via a web browser.
).
> 6.3.  Cut-Over Provider Preparation and Changes
>=20
>    1.  Verify site configuration and then active registration on Map-
>        Server(s)
>=20
>        *  Authentication key
>=20
>        *  EID prefix
>=20
>    2.  Add EID space to map-cache on proxies
>=20
>    3.  Add networks to BGP advertisement on proxies
>=20
>        *  Modify route-maps/policies on P-xTRs
>=20
>        *  Modify route policies on core routers (if non-connected
>           member)
>=20
>        *  Modify ingress policers on core routers
>=20
>        *  Ensure route announcement in looking glass servers, =
RouteViews
>=20
>    4.  Perform traffic verification test
>=20
>        *  Ensure MTU handling is as expected (PMTUD working)
>=20
>        *  Ensure proxy-ITR map-cache population
>=20
>        *  Ensure access from traceroute/ping servers around Internet
>=20
>        *  Use a looking glass, to check for external visibility of
>           registration via several Map-Resolvers (e.g.,
>           http://lispmon.net/).
>=20
>=20
> 7.  Security Considerations
>=20
>    Security implications of LISP deployments are to be discussed in
>    separate documents.  [I-D.saucez-lisp-security]
draft-ietf-lisp-threats-03
>  gives an overview of
>    LISP threat models, while securing mapping lookups is discussed in
>    [I-D.ietf-lisp-sec].
>=20
>=20
>=20
> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page =
22]
> =0C
> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October =
2012
>=20
[snip]

Damien Saucez=

--Apple-Mail=_3181291A-C58C-4A6A-BAA0-7876B2265084
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
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	charset=iso-8859-1

<html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html =
charset=3Diso-8859-1"></head><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><meta =
http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html =
charset=3Diso-8859-1"><div style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; =
">Hello,<div><br></div><div>Comments =
inline</div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><div><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><blockquote type=3D"cite">From: Terry Manderson &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:terry.manderson@icann.org">terry.manderson@icann.org</a>&gt=
;<br>Subject: [lisp] WG Last Call for =
draft-ietf-lisp-deployment<br>Date: November 21, 2012 8:23:54 PM =
PST<br>To: LISP mailing list list &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a>&gt;<br><br>All,<br><br>Dur=
ing the WG meeting at IETF 85 the authors =
of<br>draft-ietf-lisp-deployment-05 requested a work group last =
call.<br><br>Here starts a 14 day last call for this document, the last =
call will end on<br>Thursday the 6th December, 2012.<br><br>You will =
find its text here:<br><a =
href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-deployment-05">http://t=
ools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-deployment-05</a><br><br>Please =
review this WG item and provide any last =
comments.<br><br>Cheers<br>Terry<br>______________________________________=
_________<br>lisp mailing list<br><a =
href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a><br>https://www.ietf.org/ma=
ilman/listinfo/lisp<br></blockquote><br></blockquote></div><br><div><br></=
div></div><div><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">

Network Working Group                                           L. Jakab
Internet-Draft                                      A. Cabellos-Aparicio
Intended status: Informational                                  F. Coras
Expires: April 23, 2013                               J. Domingo-Pascual
                                                 Technical University of
                                                               Catalonia
                                                                D. Lewis
                                                           Cisco Systems
                                                        October 20, 2012


             LISP Network Element Deployment Considerations
                   draft-ietf-lisp-deployment-05.txt

Abstract

   This document discusses the different scenarios for the deployment of
   the new network elements introduced by the Locator/Identifier
   Separation Protocol (LISP).

</pre></blockquote>[snip]<br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre =
style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">1.  =
Introduction

   The Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) addresses the
   scaling issues of the global Internet routing system by separating
   the current addressing scheme into Endpoint IDentifiers (EIDs) and
   Routing LOCators (RLOCs).  The main protocol specification
   [I-D.ietf-lisp] describes how the separation is achieved, which new
   network elements are introduced, and details the packet formats for
   the data and control planes.

   LISP assumes that such separation is between the edge and core.
   While the boundary between both is not strictly defined, one widely
   accepted definition places it at the border routers of stub
   autonomous systems, which may carry a partial or complete default-
   free zone (DFZ) routing table.  The initial design of LISP took this
   location as a baseline for protocol development.  However, the
   applications of LISP go beyond of just decreasing the size of the DFZ
   routing table, and include improved multihoming and ingress traffic
   engineering (TE) support for edge networks, and even individual
   hosts.  Throughout the draft we will use the term LISP site to refer
   to these networks/hosts behind a LISP Tunnel Router.  We formally
   define it as:

   LISP site:  A single host or a set of network elements in an edge
      network under the administrative control of a single organization,
      delimited from other networks by LISP Tunnel Router(s).

</pre></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">   Since LISP is a protocol which =
can be used for different purposes, it
   is important to identify possible deployment scenarios and the
   additional requirements they may impose on the protocol specification
   and other protocols.  Additionally, this document is intended as a
   guide for the operational community for LISP deployments in their
   networks.  It is expected to evolve as LISP deployment progresses,
   and the described scenarios are better understood or new scenarios
   are discovered.

</pre></blockquote>maybe describe rapidly what an network element =
is.<br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
white-space: pre-wrap; ">   Each subsection considers an element type, =
discussing the impact of
   deployment scenarios on the protocol specification.  For definition
   of terms, please refer to the appropriate documents (as cited in the
   respective sections).</pre></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre =
style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">2.  Tunnel =
Routers

   LISP is a map-and-encap protocol, with the main goal of improving
   global routing scalability.  To achieve its goal, it introduces
   several new network elements, each performing specific functions
   necessary to separate the edge from the core. =
</pre></blockquote><div><br></div><div>wouldn't this clearer in Sec. 1? =
It is important for the general understanding.</div><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: =
pre-wrap; "> The device that is the



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   gateway between the edge and the core is called Tunnel Router (xTR),
   performing one or both of two separate functions:

   1.  Encapsulating packets originating from an end host to be
       transported over intermediary (transit) networks towards the
       other end-point of the communication

   2.  Decapsulating packets entering from intermediary (transit)
       networks, originated at a remote end host.

   The first function is performed by an Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR),
   the second by an Egress Tunnel Router (ETR).

   Section 8 of the main LISP specification [I-D.ietf-lisp] has a short
   discussion of where Tunnel Routers can be deployed and some of the
   associated advantages and disadvantages.  This section adds more
   detail to the scenarios presented there, and provides additional
   scenarios as well.

2.1.  Customer Edge

   LISP was designed with deployment at the core-edge boundary in mind,
   which can be approximated as the set of DFZ routers belonging to non-
   transit ASes.  For the purposes of this document, we will consider
   this boundary to be consisting of the routers connecting LISP sites
   to their upstreams.  As such, this is the most common expected
   scenario for xTRs, and this document considers it the reference
   location, comparing the other scenarios to this one.

                                ISP1    ISP2
                                 |        |
                                 |        |
                               +----+  +----+
                            +--|xTR1|--|xTR2|--+
                            |  +----+  +----+  |
                            |                  |
                            |     LISP site    |
                            +------------------+

                    Figure 1: xTRs at the customer edge

   =46rom the LISP site perspective the main advantage of this type of
   deployment (compared to the one described in the next section) is
   having direct control over its ingress traffic engineering.  This
   makes it is </pre></blockquote><div>remove is?</div><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: =
pre-wrap; ">easy to set up and maintain active/active, active/backup,
   or more complex TE policies, without involving third parties.

   Being under the same administrative control, reachability information



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   of all ETRs is easier to synchronize, because the necessary control
   traffic can be allowed between the locators of the ETRs.  A correct
   synchronous global view of the reachability status is thus available,
   and the Loc-Status-Bits can be set correctly in the LISP data header
   of outgoing packets.

   By placing the tunnel router at the edge of the site, existing
   internal network configuration does not need to be modified.
   Firewall rules, router configurations and address assignments inside
   the LISP site remain unchanged.  This helps with incremental
   deployment and allows a quick upgrade path to LISP.  For larger sites
   with many external connections, distributed in geographically diverse
   PoPs, and complex internal topology, it may however make more sense
   to both encapsulate and decapsulate as soon as possible, to benefit
   from the information in the IGP to choose the best path (see
   Section 2.3 for a discussion of this scenario).

   Another thing to consider when placing tunnel routers are MTU issues.
   Since encapsulating packets increases overhead, the MTU of the end-
   to-end path may decrease, when encapsulated packets need to travel
   over segments having close to minimum MTU.  Some transit networks are
   known to provide larger MTU than the typical value of 1500 bytes of
   popular access technologies used at end hosts (e.g., IEEE 802.3 and
   802.11).  However, placing the LISP router connecting to such a
   network at the customer edge could possibly bring up MTU issues,
   depending on the link type to the provider as opposed to the
   following scenario.
</pre></blockquote><div><br></div>counter measures for that (e.g., =
&nbsp;any special setup that can be done to minimise the =
risk</div><div>a client is not working properly because of =
MTU)<br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
white-space: pre-wrap; ">2.2.  Provider Edge

   The other location at the core-edge boundary for deploying LISP
   routers is at the Internet service provider edge.  The main incentive
   for this case is that the customer does not have to upgrade the CE
   router(s), or change the configuration of any equipment.
   Encapsulation/decapsulation happens in the provider's network, which
   may be able to serve several customers with a single device.  For
   large ISPs with many residential/business customers asking for LISP
   this can lead to important savings, since there is no need to upgrade
   the software (or hardware, if it's the case) at each client's
   location.  Instead, they can upgrade the software (or hardware) on a
   few PE routers serving the customers.  This scenario is depicted in
   Figure 2.









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                  +----------+        +------------------+
                  |   ISP1   |        |       ISP2       |
                  |          |        |                  |
                  |  +----+  |        |  +----+  +----+  |
                  +--|xTR1|--+        +--|xTR2|--|xTR3|--+
                     +----+              +----+  +----+
                        |                  |       |
                        |                  |       |
                        +--&lt;[LISP site]&gt;---+-------+

                          Figure 2: xTR at the PE

   While this approach can make transition easy for customers and may be
   cheaper for providers, the LISP site looses one of the main benefits
   of LISP: ingress traffic engineering.  Since the provider controls
   the ETRs, additional complexity would be needed to allow customers to
   modify their mapping entries.
</pre></blockquote><div><br></div>or the client can have some form of =
access to the configuration (a bit like tagging route =
with</div><div>special communities in BGP to tell the ISP to which of =
its operator not advertise the route)<br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre =
style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">   The problem =
is aggravated when the LISP site is multihomed.  Consider
   the scenario in Figure 2: whenever a change to TE policies is
   required, the customer contacts both ISP1 and ISP2 to make the
   necessary changes on the routers (if they provide this possibility).
</pre></blockquote><div><br></div>ok, cf supra<br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: =
pre-wrap; ">   It is however unlikely, that both ISPs will apply changes
   simultaneously, which may lead to inconsistent state for the mappings
   of the LISP site.  Since the different upstream ISPs are usually
   competing business entities, the ETRs may even be configured to
   compete, either to attract all the traffic or to get no traffic.  The
   former will happen if the customer pays per volume, the latter if the
   connectivity has a fixed price.  A solution could be to have the
   mappings in the Map-Server(s), and have their operator give control
   over the entries to customer, much like in the Domain Name System at
   the time of this writing.

   Additionally, since xTR1, xTR2, and xTR3 are in different
   administrative domains, locator reachability information is unlikely
   to be exchanged among them, making it difficult to set Loc-Status-
   Bits correctly on encapsulated packets.

</pre></blockquote><div>IMHO this document should suggest not to use LSB =
in the Internet case deployment</div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre =
style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">   Compared to =
the customer edge scenario, deploying LISP at the
   provider edge might have the advantage of diminishing potential MTU
   issues, because the tunnel router is closer to the core, where links
   typically have higher MTUs than edge network links.

2.3.  Split ITR/ETR

   In a simple LISP deployment, xTRs are located at the border of the
   LISP site (see Section 2.1).  In this scenario packets are routed
   inside the domain according to the EID.  However, more complex



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   networks may want to route packets according to the destination RLOC.
   This would enable them to choose the best egress point.

   The LISP specification separates the ITR and ETR functionality and
   considers that both entities can be deployed in separated network
   equipment.  ITRs can be deployed closer to the host (i.e., access
   routers).  This way packets are encapsulated as soon as possible, and
   packets exit the network through the best egress point in terms of
   BGP policy.  In turn, ETRs can be deployed at the border routers of
   the network, and packets are decapsulated as soon as possible.  Once
   decapsulated, packets are routed based on destination EID, according
   to internal routing policy.

   In the following figure we can see an example.  The Source (S)
   transmits packets using its EID and in this particular case packets
   are encapsulated at ITR_1.  The encapsulated packets are routed
   inside the domain according to the destination RLOC, and can egress
   the network through the best point (i.e., closer to the RLOC's AS).
   On the other hand, inbound packets are received by ETR_1 which
   decapsulates them.  Then packets are routed towards S according to
   the EID, again following the best path.

      +---------------------------------------+
      |                                       |
      |       +-------+                   +-------+         +-------+
      |       | ITR_1 |---------+         | ETR_1 |-RLOC_A--| ISP_A |
      |       +-------+         |         +-------+         +-------+
      |  +-+        |           |             |
      |  |S|        |    IGP    |             |
      |  +-+        |           |             |
      |       +-------+         |         +-------+         +-------+
      |       | ITR_2 |---------+         | ETR_2 |-RLOC_B--| ISP_B |
      |       +-------+                   +-------+         +-------+
      |                                       |
      +---------------------------------------+

                     Figure 3: Split ITR/ETR Scenario

   This scenario has a set of implications:

   o  The site must carry at least partial BGP routes in order to choose
      the best egress point, increasing the complexity of the network.
      However, this is usually already the case for LISP sites that
      would benefit from this scenario.

   o  If the site is multihomed to different ISPs and any of the
      upstream ISPs is doing uRPF filtering, this scenario may become
      impractical.  ITRs need to determine the exit ETR, for setting the



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      correct source RLOC in the encapsulation header.  This adds
      complexity and reliability concerns.

   o  In LISP, ITRs set the reachability bits when encapsulating data
      packets.  Hence, ITRs need a mechanism to be aware of the liveness
      of all ETRs serving their site.

   o  MTU within the site network must be large enough to accommodate
      encapsulated packets.

   o  In this scenario, each ITR is serving fewer hosts than in the case
      when it is deployed at the border of the network.  It has been
      shown that cache hit ratio grows logarithmically with the amount
      of users [cache].  Taking this into account, when ITRs are
      deployed closer to the host the effectiveness of the mapping cache
      may be lower (i.e., the miss ratio is higher).  Another
      consequence of this is that the site may transmit a higher amount
      of Map-Requests, increasing the load on the distributed mapping
      database.

</pre></blockquote><div>one possible solution is to aggregate =
Map-Requests with a hierarchy (=E0-la DDT).</div><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: =
pre-wrap; ">2.4.  Inter-Service Provider Traffic Engineering

   With LISP, two LISP sites can route packets among them and control
   their ingress TE policies.  Typically, LISP is seen as applicable to
   stub networks, however the LISP protocol can also be applied to
   transit networks recursively.

   Consider the scenario depicted in Figure 4.  Packets originating from
   the LISP site Stub1, client of ISP_A, with destination Stub4, client
   of ISP_B, are LISP encapsulated at their entry point into the ISP_A's
   network.  The external IP header now has as the source RLOC an IP
   from ISP_A's address space and destination RLOC from ISP_B's address
   space.  One or more ASes separate ISP_A from ISP_B. With a single
   level of LISP encapsulation, Stub4 has control over its ingress
   traffic.  However, at the time of this writing, ISP_B has only BGP
   tools (such as prefix deaggregation) to control on which of his own
   upstream or peering links should packets enter.  This is either not
   feasible (if fine-grained per-customer control is required, the very
   specific prefixes may not be propagated) or increases DFZ table size.

                                  _.--.
    Stub1 ...   +-------+      ,-''     `--.      +-------+   ... Stub3
             \  |   R_A1|----,'             `. ---|R_B1   |  /
              --|   R_A2|---(     Transit     )   |       |--
    Stub2 .../  |   R_A3|-----.             ,' ---|R_B2   |  \... Stub4
                +-------+      `--.     _.-'      +-------+
          ...     ISP_A            `--''            ISP_B     ...




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               Figure 4: Inter-Service provider TE scenario

   A solution for this is to apply LISP recursively.  ISP_A and ISP_B
   may reach a bilateral agreement to deploy their own private mapping
   system.  ISP_A then encapsulates packets destined for the prefixes of
   ISP_B, which are listed in the shared mapping system.  Note that in
   this case the packet is double-encapsulated (using R_A1, R_A2 or R_A3
   as source and R_B1 or R_B2 as destination in the example above).
   ISP_B's ETR removes the outer, second layer of LISP encapsulation
   from the incoming packet, and routes it towards the original RLOC,
   the ETR of Stub4, which does the final decapsulation.

</pre></blockquote><div><br></div><div>if there is bilateral agreement, =
could we imagine single encapsulation and use instance-id</div><div>to =
differentiate with the "source" able to install mappings at the second =
tier?</div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">   If ISP_A and ISP_B agree to =
share a private distributed mapping
   database, both can control their ingress TE without the need of
   deaggregating prefixes.  In this scenario the private database
   contains RLOC-to-RLOC bindings.  The convergence time on the TE
   policies updates is expected to be fast, since ISPs only have to
   update/query a mapping to/from the database.
</pre></blockquote><div>but convergence is O(TTL) or then specify to use =
SMR or Versioning</div><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">   This deployment scenario =
includes two important caveats.  First, it
   is intended to be deployed between only two ISPs (ISP_A and ISP_B in
   Figure 4).  If more than two ISPs use this approach, then the xTRs
   deployed at the participating ISPs must either query multiple mapping
   systems, or the ISPs must agree on a common shared mapping system.
   Second, the scenario is only recommended for ISPs providing
   connectivity to LISP sites, such that source RLOCs of packets to be
   reencapsulated belong to said ISP.  Otherwise the participating ISPs
   must register prefixes they do not own in the above mentioned private
   mapping system.  Failure to follow these recommendations may lead to
   operational and security issues when deploying this scenario.

   Besides these recommendations, the main disadvantages of this
   deployment case are:

   o  Extra LISP header is needed.  This increases the packet size and
      requires that the MTU between both ISPs accommodates double-
      encapsulated packets.

   o  The ISP ITR must encapsulate packets and therefore must know the
      RLOC-to-RLOC binding.  These bindings are stored in a mapping
      database and may be cached in the ITR's mapping cache.  Cache
      misses lead to an additional lookup latency, unless a push based
      mapping system is used for the private mapping system.

   o  The operational overhead of maintaining the shared mapping
      database.





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   o  If an IPv6 address block is reserved for EID use, as specified in
      [I-D.ietf-lisp-eid-block], the EID-to-RLOC encapsulation (first
      level) can avoid LISP processing altogether for non-LISP
      destinations.  The ISP tunnel routers however will not be able to
      take advantage of this optimization, all RLOC-to-RLOC mappings
      need a lookup in the private database (or map-cache, once results
      are cached).

2.5.  Tunnel Routers Behind NAT

   NAT in this section refers to IPv4 network address and port
   translation.

2.5.1.  ITR

   Packets encapsulated by an ITR are just UDP packets from a NAT
   device's point of view, and they are handled like any UDP packet,
   there are no additional requirements for LISP data packets.

   Map-Requests sent by an ITR, which create the state in the NAT table,
   have a different 5-tuple in the IP header than the Map-Reply
   generated by the authoritative ETR.  Since the source address of this
   packet is different from the destination address of the request
   packet, no state will be matched in the NAT table and the packet will
   be dropped.  To avoid this, the NAT device has to do the following:

   o  Send all UDP packets with source port 4342, regardless of the
      destination port, to the RLOC of the ITR.  The most simple way to
      achieve this is configuring 1:1 NAT mode from the external RLOC of
      the NAT device to the ITR's RLOC (Called "DMZ" mode in consumer
      broadband routers).

   o  Rewrite the ITR-AFI and "Originating ITR RLOC Address" fields in
      the payload.

   This setup supports a single ITR behind the NAT device.

2.5.2.  ETR

   An ETR placed behind NAT is reachable from the outside by the
   Internet-facing locator of the NAT device.  It needs to know this
   locator (and configure a loopback interface with it), so that it can
   use it in Map-Reply and Map-Register messages.  Thus support for
   dynamic locators for the mapping database is needed in LISP
   equipment.

   Again, only one ETR behind the NAT device is supported.




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   An implication of the issues described above is that LISP sites with
   xTRs can not be behind carrier based NATs, since two different sites
   would collide on the port forwarding.

2.6.  Summary and Feature Matrix

          Feature                         CE    PE    Split   Rec.
          --------------------------------------------------------
          Control of ingress TE            x     -      x      x
          No modifications to existing
             int. network infrastructure   x     x      -      -
          Loc-Status-Bits sync             x     -      x      x
          MTU/PMTUD issues minimized       -     x      -      x

</pre></blockquote><div>Does Rec. mean recursive? if so, make it =
explicit</div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">3.  Map-Resolvers and Map-Servers

3.1.  Map-Servers

</pre></blockquote><div>s/Map-Server/Map Server/ga</div><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: =
pre-wrap; ">   The Map-Server learns EID-to-RLOC mapping entries from an
   authoritative source and publishes them in the distributed mapping
   database.  These entries are learned through authenticated Map-
   Register messages sent by authoritative ETRs.  Also, upon reception
   of a Map-Request, the Map-Server verifies that the destination EID
   matches an EID-prefix for which it is authoritative for, and then re-
   encapsulates and forwards it to a matching ETR.  Map-Server
   functionality is described in detail in [I-D.ietf-lisp-ms].

   The Map-Server is provided by a Mapping Service Provider (MSP).  A
   MSP can be any of the following:

   o  EID registrar.  Since the IPv4 address space is nearing
      exhaustion, IPv4 EIDs will come from already allocated Provider
      Independent (PI) space.  The registrars in this case remain the
      current five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs).  In the case of
      IPv6, the possibility of reserving a /16 block as EID space is
      currently under consideration [I-D.ietf-lisp-eid-block].  If
      granted by IANA, the community will have to determine the body
      responsible for allocations from this block, and the associated
      policies.  Existing allocation policies apply to EIDs outside this
      block.

   o  Third parties.  Participating in the LISP mapping system is
      similar to participating in global routing or DNS: as long as
      there is at least another already participating entity willing to
      forward the newcomer's traffic, there is no barrier to entry.
      Still, just like routing and DNS, LISP mappings have the issue of
      trust, with efforts underway to make the published information



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      verifiable.  When these mechanisms will be deployed in the LISP
      mapping system, the burden of providing and verifying trust should
      be kept away from MSPs, which will simply host the secured
      mappings.  This will keep the low barrier of entry to become an
      MSP for third parties.

   In all cases, the MSP configures its Map-Server(s) to publish the
   prefixes of its clients in the distributed mapping database and start
   encapsulating and forwarding Map-Requests to the ETRs of the AS.
   These ETRs register their prefix(es) with the Map-Server(s) through
   periodic authenticated Map-Register messages.  In this context, for
   some LISP end sites, there is a need for mechanisms to:

</pre></blockquote>how periodic (suggestion of good =
timers)?<br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">   o  Automatically distribute EID =
prefix(es) shared keys between the
      ETRs and the EID-registrar Map-Server.

   o  Dynamically obtain the address of the Map-Server in the ETR of the
      AS.

   The Map-Server plays a key role in the reachability of the EID-
   prefixes it is serving.  On the one hand it is publishing these
   prefixes into the distributed mapping database and on the other hand
   it is encapsulating and forwarding Map-Requests to the authoritative
   ETRs of these prefixes.  ITRs encapsulating towards EIDs under the
   responsibility of a failed Map-Server will be unable to look up any
   of their covering prefixes.  The only exception are the ITRs that
   already contain the mappings in their local cache.  In this case ITRs
   can reach ETRs until the entry expires (typically 24 hours). =
</pre></blockquote><div><br></div>where does the "typically 24h" come =
from?<br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
white-space: pre-wrap; "> For
   this reason, redundant Map-Server deployments are desirable.  A set
   of Map-Servers providing high-availability service to the same set of
   prefixes is called a redundancy group.  ETRs are configured to send
   Map-Register messages to all Map-Servers in the redundancy group.  To
   achieve fail-over (or load-balancing, if =
desired),</pre></blockquote><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre =
style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; "> known mapping
   system specific best practices should be used.

</pre></blockquote><div><br></div><div>what is meant by this very =
sentence?</div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">   Additionally, if a Map-Server =
has no reachability for any ETR serving
   a given EID block, it should not originate that block into the
   mapping system.
</pre></blockquote><div>why?</div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre =
style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">3.2.  =
Map-Resolvers

</pre></blockquote><div>s/Map-Resolver/Map =
Resolver/ga</div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">   A Map-Resolver a is a network =
infrastructure component which accepts
   LISP encapsulated Map-Requests, typically from an ITR, and finds the
   appropriate EID-to-RLOC mapping by either consulting its local cache
   or by consulting the distributed mapping database.  Map-Resolver
   functionality is described in detail in [I-D.ietf-lisp-ms].

   Anyone with access to the distributed mapping database can set up a



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   Map-Resolver and provide EID-to-RLOC mapping lookup service.
   Database access setup is mapping system specific.

   For performance reasons, it is recommended that LISP sites use Map-
   Resolvers that are topologically close to their ITRs.  ISPs
   supporting LISP will provide this service to their customers,
   possibly restricting access to their user base.  LISP sites not in
   this position can use open access Map-Resolvers, if available.
   However, regardless of the availability of open access resolvers, the
   MSP providing the Map-Server(s) for a LISP site should also make
   available Map-Resolver(s) for the use of that site.

   In medium to large-size ASes, ITRs must be configured with the RLOC
   of a Map-Resolver, operation which can be done manually.  However, in
   Small Office Home Office (SOHO) scenarios a mechanism for
   autoconfiguration should be provided.

   One solution to avoid manual configuration in LISP sites of any size
   is the use of anycast RLOCs for Map-Resolvers similar to the DNS root
   server infrastructure.  Since LISP uses UDP encapsulation, the use of
   anycast would not affect =
reliability.</pre></blockquote><div><br></div><div>maybe change the term =
reliability because anycast actually improves reliability, =
isnt'it?</div><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">  LISP routers are then shipped
   with a preconfigured list of well know Map-Resolver RLOCs, which can
   be edited by the network administrator, if needed.

   The use of anycast also helps improving mapping lookup performance.
   Large MSPs can increase the number and geographical diversity of
   their Map-Resolver infrastructure, using a single anycasted RLOC.
   Once LISP deployment is advanced enough, very large content providers
   may also be interested running this kind of setup, to ensure minimal
   connection setup latency for those connecting to their network from
   LISP sites.

   While Map-Servers and Map-Resolvers implement different
   functionalities within the LISP mapping system, they can coexist on
   the same device.  For example, MSPs offering both services, can
   deploy a single Map-Resolver/Map-Server in each PoP where they have a
   presence.


4.  Proxy Tunnel Routers

4.1.  P-ITR

   Proxy Ingress Tunnel Routers (P-ITRs) are part of the non-LISP/LISP
   transition mechanism, allowing non-LISP sites to reach LISP sites.
   They announce via BGP certain EID prefixes (aggregated, whenever
   possible) to attract traffic from non-LISP sites towards EIDs in the
   covered range.  They do the mapping system lookup, and encapsulate



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   received packets towards the appropriate ETR.  Note that for the
   reverse path LISP sites can reach non-LISP sites simply by not
   encapsulating traffic.  See [I-D.ietf-lisp-interworking] for a
   detailed description of P-ITR functionality.

   The success of new protocols depends greatly on their ability to
   maintain backwards compatibility and inter-operate with the
   protocol(s) they intend to enhance or replace, and on the incentives
   to deploy the necessary new software or equipment.  A LISP site needs
   an interworking mechanism to be reachable from non-LISP sites.  A
   P-ITR can fulfill this role, enabling early adopters to see the
   benefits of LISP, similar to tunnel brokers helping the transition
   from IPv4 to IPv6.  A site benefits from new LISP functionality
   (proportionally with existing global LISP deployment) when going
   LISP, so it has the incentives to deploy the necessary tunnel
   routers.  In order to be reachable from non-LISP sites it has two
   options: keep announcing its prefix(es) with BGP, or have a P-ITR
   announce prefix(es) covering them.

   If the goal of reducing the DFZ routing table size is to be reached,
   the second option is preferred.  Moreover, the second option allows
   LISP-based ingress traffic engineering from all sites.  However, the
   placement of P-ITRs significantly influences performance and
   deployment incentives.  Section 5 is dedicated to the migration to a
   LISP-enabled Internet, and includes deployment scenarios for P-ITRs.

4.2.  P-ETR

   In contrast to P-ITRs, P-ETRs are not required for the correct
   functioning of all LISP sites.  There are two cases, where they can
   be of great help:

   o  LISP sites with unicast reverse path forwarding (uRPF)
      restrictions, and

   o  Communication between sites using different address family RLOCs.

   In the first case, uRPF filtering is applied at their upstream PE
   router.  When forwarding traffic to non-LISP sites, an ITR does not
   encapsulate packets, leaving the original IP headers intact.  As a
   result, packets will have EIDs in their source address.  Since we are
   discussing the transition period, we can assume that a prefix
   covering the EIDs belonging to the LISP site is advertised to the
   global routing tables by a P-ITR, and the PE router has a route
   towards it.  However, the next hop will not be on the interface
   towards the CE router, so non-encapsulated packets will fail uRPF
   checks.




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   To avoid this filtering, the affected ITR encapsulates packets
   towards the locator of the P-ETR for non-LISP destinations.  Now the
   source address of the packets, as seen by the PE router is the ITR's
   locator, which will not fail the uRPF check.  The P-ETR then
   decapsulates and forwards the packets.

   The second use case is IPv4-to-IPv6 transition.  Service providers
   using older access network hardware, which only supports IPv4 can
   still offer IPv6 to their clients, by providing a CPE device running
   LISP, and P-ETR(s) for accessing IPv6-only non-LISP sites and LISP
   sites, with IPv6-only locators.  Packets originating from the client
   LISP site for these destinations would be encapsulated towards the
   P-ETR's IPv4 locator.  The P-ETR is in a native IPv6 network,
   decapsulating and forwarding packets.  For non-LISP destination, the
   packet travels natively from the P-ETR.  For LISP destinations with
   IPv6-only locators, the packet will go through a P-ITR, in order to
   reach its destination.

   For more details on P-ETRs see the [I-D.ietf-lisp-interworking]
   draft.

   P-ETRs can be deployed by ISPs wishing to offer value-added services
   to their customers.  As is the case with P-ITRs, P-ETRs too may
   introduce path stretch.  Because of this the ISP needs to consider
   the tradeoff of using several devices, close to the customers, to
   minimize it, or few devices, farther away from the customers,
   minimizing cost instead.

   Since the deployment incentives for P-ITRs and P-ETRs are different,
   it is likely they will be deployed in separate devices, except for
   the CDN case, which may deploy both in a single device.

   In all cases, the existence of a P-ETR involves another step in the
   configuration of a LISP router.  CPE routers, which are typically
   configured by DHCP, stand to benefit most from P-ETRs.
   Autoconfiguration of the P-ETR locator could be achieved by a DHCP
   option, or adding a P-ETR field to either Map-Notifys or Map-Replies.

   As a security measure, access to P-ETRs should be limited to
   legitimate users by enforcing ACLs.


5.  Migration to LISP

   This section discusses a deployment architecture to support the
   migration to a LISP-enabled Internet.  The loosely defined terms of
   "early transition phase", "late transition phase", and "LISP Internet
   phase" refer to time periods when LISP sites are a minority, a



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   majority, or represent all edge networks respectively.

5.1.  LISP+BGP

   For sites wishing to go LISP with their PI prefix the least
   disruptive way is to upgrade their border routers to support LISP,
   register the prefix into the LISP mapping system, but keep announcing
   it with BGP as well.  This way LISP sites will reach them over LISP,
   while legacy sites will be unaffected by the change.  The main
   disadvantage of this approach is that no decrease in the DFZ routing
   table size is achieved.  Still, just increasing the number of LISP
   sites is an important gain, as an increasing LISP/non-LISP site ratio
   will slowly decrease the need for BGP-based traffic engineering that
   leads to prefix deaggregation.  That, in turn, may lead to a decrease
   in the DFZ size in the late transition phase.
</pre></blockquote><div><br></div>and potentially the churn (except =
maybe because of PITR)<br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre =
style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">   This =
scenario is not limited to sites that already have their
   prefixes announced with BGP.  Newly allocated EID blocks could follow
   this strategy as well during the early LISP deployment phase,
   depending on the cost/benefit analysis of the individual networks.
   Since this leads to an increase in the DFZ size, the following
   architecture should be preferred for new allocations.

5.2.  Mapping Service Provider (MSP) P-ITR Service

   In addition to publishing their clients' registered prefixes in the
   mapping system, MSPs with enough transit capacity can offer them
   P-ITR service as a separate service.  This service is especially
   useful for new PI allocations, to sites without existing BGP
   infrastructure, that wish to avoid BGP altogether.  The MSP announces
   the prefix into the DFZ, and the client benefits from ingress traffic
   engineering without prefix deaggregation.  The downside of this
   scenario is adding path stretch.

   Routing all non-LISP ingress traffic through a third party which is
   not one of its ISPs is only feasible for sites with modest amounts of
   traffic (like those using the IPv6 tunnel broker services today),
   especially in the first stage of the transition to LISP, with a
   significant number of legacy sites.  When the LISP/non-LISP site
   ratio becomes high enough, this approach can prove increasingly
   attractive.

   Compared to LISP+BGP, this approach avoids DFZ bloat caused by prefix
   deaggregation for traffic engineering purposes, resulting in slower
   routing table increase in the case of new allocations and potential
   decrease for existing ones.  Moreover, MSPs serving different clients
   with adjacent aggregable prefixes may lead to additional decrease,
   but quantifying this decrease is subject to future research study.



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5.3.  Proxy-ITR Route Distribution (PITR-RD)

   Instead of a LISP site, or the MSP, announcing their EIDs with BGP to
   the DFZ, this function can be outsourced to a third party, a P-ITR
   Service Provider (PSP).  This will result in a decrease of the
   operational complexity both at the site and at the MSP.

   The PSP manages a set of distributed P-ITR(s) that will advertise the
   corresponding EID prefixes through BGP to the DFZ.  These P-ITR(s)
   will then encapsulate the traffic they receive for those EIDs towards
   the RLOCs of the LISP site, ensuring their reachability from non-LISP
   sites.

   While it is possible for a PSP to manually configure each client's
   EID routes to be announced, this approach offers little flexibility
   and is not scalable.  This section presents a scalable architecture
   that offers automatic distribution of EID routes to LISP sites and
   service providers.

   The architecture requires no modification to existing LISP network
   elements, but it introduces a new (conceptual) network element, the
   EID Route Server, defined as a router that either propagates routes
   learned from other EID Route Servers, or it originates EID Routes.
   The EID-Routes that it originates are those that it is authoritative
   for.  It propagates these routes to Proxy-ITRs within the AS of the
   EID Route Server.  It is worth to note that a BGP capable router can
   be also considered as an EID Route Server.

   Further, an EID-Route is defined as a prefix originated via the Route
   Server of the mapping service provider, which should be aggregated if
   the MSP has multiple customers inside a single netblock. =
</pre></blockquote>define netblock<br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre =
style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; "> This prefix
   is propagated to other P-ITRs both within the MSP and to other P-ITR
   operators it peers with.  EID Route Servers are operated either by
   the LISP site, MSPs or PSPs, and they may be collocated with a Map-
   Server or P-ITR, but are a functionally discrete entity.  They
   distribute EID-Routes, using BGP, to other domains, according to
   policies set by participants.














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                              MSP (AS64500)
                              RS ---&gt; P-ITR
                               |        /
                               |  _.--./
                              ,-''    /`--.
             LISP site   ---,' |     v     `.
                           (   |   DFZ       )----- Mapping system
         non-LISP site   ----. |    ^      ,'
                              `--. /   _.-'
                               |  `--''
                               v /
                             P-ITR
                             PSP (AS64501)

            Figure 5: The P-ITR Route Distribution architecture

   The architecture described above decouples EID origination from route
   propagation, with the following benefits:

   o  Can accurately represent business relationships between P-ITR
      operators

   o  More mapping system agnostic

   o  Minor changes to P-ITR implementation, no changes to other
      components

   In the example in the figure we have a MSP providing services to the
   LISP site.  The LISP site does not run BGP, and gets an EID
   allocation directly from a RIR, or from the MSP, who may be a LIR.
   Existing PI allocations can be migrated as well.  The MSP ensures the
   presence of the prefix in the mapping system, and runs an EID Route
   Server to distribute it to P-ITR service providers.  Since the LISP
   site does not run BGP, the prefix will be originated with the AS
   number of the MSP.

   In the simple case depicted in Figure 5 the EID-Route of LISP Site
   will be originated by the Route Server, and announced to the DFZ by
   the PSP's P-ITRs with AS path 64501 64500.  =46rom that point on, the
   usual BGP dynamics apply.  This way, routes announced by P-ITR are
   still originated by the authoritative Route Server.  Note that the
   peering relationships between MSP/PSPs and those in the underlying
   forwarding plane may not be congruent, making the AS path to a P-ITR
   shorter than it is in reality.

   The non-LISP site will select the best path towards the EID-prefix,
   according to its local BGP policies.  Since AS-path length is usually
   an important metric for selecting paths, a careful placement of P-ITR



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   could significantly reduce path-stretch between LISP and non-LISP
   sites.

   The architecture allows for flexible policies between MSP/PSPs.
   Consider the EID Route Server networks as control plane overlays,
   facilitating the implementation of policies necessary to reflect the
   business relationships between participants.  The results are then
   injected to the common underlying forwarding plane.  For example,
   some MSP/PSPs may agree to exchange EID-Prefixes and only announce
   them to each of their forwarding plane customers.  Global
   reachability of an EID-prefix depends on the MSP the LISP site buys
   service from, and is also subject to agreement between the mentioned
   parties.

   In terms of impact on the DFZ, this architecture results in a slower
   routing table increase for new allocations, since traffic engineering
   will be done at the LISP level.  For existing allocations migrating
   to LISP, the DFZ may decrease since MSPs may be able to aggregate the
   prefixes announced.

   Compared to LISP+BGP, this approach avoids DFZ bloat caused by prefix
   deaggregation for traffic engineering purposes, resulting in slower
   routing table increase in the case of new allocations and potential
   decrease for existing ones.  Moreover, MSPs serving different clients
   with adjacent aggregable prefixes may lead to additional decrease,
   but quantifying this decrease is subject to future research study.

   The flexibility and scalability of this architecture does not come
   without a cost however: A PSP operator has to establish either
   transit or peering relationships to improve their connectivity.
</pre></blockquote><div>What's happening when sites have to change their =
EID? for example after a network merge.</div><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: =
pre-wrap; ">5.4.  Migration Summary

   The following table presents the expected effects of the different
   transition scenarios during a certain phase on the DFZ routing table
   size:

    Phase            | LISP+BGP     | MSP P-ITR       | PITR-RD
    -----------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------
    Early transition | no change    | slower increase | slower increase
    Late transition  | may decrease | slower increase | slower increase
    LISP Internet    |             considerable decrease

</pre></blockquote><div>The "considerable decrease" depends on where =
LISP is deployed, if it is very close to the</div><div>hosts, maybe it =
would not be so considerable.</div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre =
style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">   It is =
expected that PITR-RD will co-exist with LISP+BGP during the
   migration, with the latter being more popular in the early transition
   phase.  As the transition progresses and the MSP P-ITR and PITR-RD
   ecosystem gets more ubiquitous, LISP+BGP should become less
   attractive, slowing down the increase of the number of routes in the



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   DFZ.


6.  Step-by-Step Example BGP to LISP Migration Procedure

6.1.  Customer Pre-Install and Pre-Turn-up Checklist

   1.  Determine how many current physical service provider connections
       the customer has and their existing bandwidth and traffic
       engineering requirements.

       This information will determine the number of routing locators,
       and the priorities and weights that should be configured on the
       xTRs.

   2.  Make sure customer router has LISP capabilities.

       *  Obtain output of 'show version' from the CE router.

</pre></blockquote>too Cisco ;-)</div><div>uname -a is another way =
:-D<br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
white-space: pre-wrap; ">          This information can be used to =
determine if the platform is
          appropriate to support LISP, in order to determine if a
          software and/or hardware upgrade is required.

       *  Have customer upgrade (if necessary, software and/or hardware)
          to be LISP capable.

   3.  Obtain current running configuration of CE router.  A suggested
       LISP router configuration example can be customized to the
       customer's existing environment.

   4.  Verify MTU Handling

       *  Request increase in MTU to (1556) =
</pre></blockquote><div><br></div><div>why =
parenthesis?</div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">on service provider
          connections.  Prior to MTU change verify that 1500 byte packet
          from P-xTR to RLOC with do not fragment (DF-bit) bit set.

       *  Ensure they are not filtering ICMP unreachable or time-
          exceeded on their firewall or router.

       LISP, like any tunneling protocol, will increase the size of
       packets when the LISP header is appended.  If increasing the MTU
       of the access links is not possible, care must be taken that ICMP
       is not being filtered in order to allow for Path MTU Discovery to
       take place.

   5.  Validate member prefix allocation.

       This step is to check if the prefix used by the customer is a



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       direct (Provider Independent), or if it is a prefix assigned by a
       physical service provider (Provider =
Allocated).</pre></blockquote><div><br></div>I always thought PA meant =
"Provider&nbsp;Aggregatable".&nbsp;</div><div><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: =
pre-wrap; ">  If the prefixes
       are assigned by other service provivers then a Letter of
       Agreement is required to announce prefixes through the Proxy
       Service Provider.

   6.  Verify the member RLOCs and their reachability.

       This step ensures that the RLOCs configured on the CE router are
       in fact reachable and working.

   7.  Prepare for cut-over.

       *  If possible, have a host outside of all security and filtering
          policies connected to the console port of the edge router or
          switch.

       *  Make sure customer has access to the router in order to
          configure it.

6.2.  Customer Activating LISP Service

   1.  Customer configures LISP on CE router(s) from service provider
       recommended configuration.

       The LISP configuration consists of the EID prefix, the locators,
       and the weights and priorities of the mapping between the two
       values.  In addition, the xTR must be configured with Map-
       Resolver(s), Map-Server(s) and the shared key for registering to
       Map-Server(s).  If required, Proxy-ETR(s) may be configured as
       well.

       In addition to the LISP configuration, the following:

       *  Ensure default route(s) to next-hop external neighbors are
          included and RLOCs are present in configuration.

       *  If two or more routers are used, ensure all RLOCs are included
          in the LISP configuration on all routers.

       *  It will be necessary to redistribute default route via IGP
          between the external routers.

   2.  When transition is ready perform a soft shutdown on existing eBGP
       peer session(s)

       *  =46rom CE router, use LIG to ensure registration is =
successful.




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       *  To verify LISP connectivity, ping LISP connected sites.  See
          <a href=3D"http://www.lisp4.net/">http://www.lisp4.net/</a> =
and/or <a href=3D"http://www.lisp6.net/">http://www.lisp6.net/</a> for
          potential candidates.

       *  To verify connectivity to non-LISP sites, try =
accessing</pre></blockquote>a landmark (e.g., a&nbsp;<br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: =
pre-wrap; "> major
          Internet sites via a web browser.
</pre></blockquote>).<br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre =
style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; white-space: pre-wrap; ">6.3.  Cut-Over =
Provider Preparation and Changes

   1.  Verify site configuration and then active registration on Map-
       Server(s)

       *  Authentication key

       *  EID prefix

   2.  Add EID space to map-cache on proxies

   3.  Add networks to BGP advertisement on proxies

       *  Modify route-maps/policies on P-xTRs

       *  Modify route policies on core routers (if non-connected
          member)

       *  Modify ingress policers on core routers

       *  Ensure route announcement in looking glass servers, RouteViews

   4.  Perform traffic verification test

       *  Ensure MTU handling is as expected (PMTUD working)

       *  Ensure proxy-ITR map-cache population

       *  Ensure access from traceroute/ping servers around Internet

       *  Use a looking glass, to check for external visibility of
          registration via several Map-Resolvers (e.g.,
          <a href=3D"http://lispmon.net/">http://lispmon.net/</a>).


7.  Security Considerations

   Security implications of LISP deployments are to be discussed in
   separate documents.  =
[I-D.saucez-lisp-security]</pre></blockquote>draft-ietf-lisp-threats-03<br=
><blockquote type=3D"cite"><pre style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
white-space: pre-wrap; "> gives an overview of
   LISP threat models, while securing mapping lookups is discussed in
   [I-D.ietf-lisp-sec].



Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 22]
=0C
Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012

</pre></blockquote>[snip]<br><div><br></div></div><div>Damien =
Saucez</div></div></body></html>=

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Dino,
As you can see, I have chosen a peaceful and neutral subject line. See belo=
w my comments.

Heiner


-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung-----=20
Von: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
An: heinerhummel <heinerhummel@aol.com>
Cc: gih <gih@apnic.net>; ggx <ggx@gigix.net>; lisp <lisp@ietf.org>
Verschickt: Sa, 12 Jan 2013 10:11 pm
Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup



Well spoken. Again, after the short late-night email, because:



Since you were subjective on your comments I will be direct and to the poin=
t in my responses. But only direct to your comments that are clear.=20




1) There is a long list of deficiencies which LISP maintains and which are =
due to clinging to=20
   paradigms like prefix building, DiffServ=20




Do you mean map-cache caching. I don't know what you mean by prefix buildin=
g. EID-prefixes are assigned to LISP sites just like prefixes are assigned =
today. There is no operational difference.=20


HH: I mean using prefixes AT ALL   !!!:  I know this is state of art in cla=
ssical internet routing. LISP-TARA (yes, TARA is a loc-id-split solution) w=
ould reduce it be the same degree by which TARA routers were deployed. Afte=
r all, you can't use prefixes for multicast or anycast either. As far as I =
know IPv4- FIBs don't have any entries for multicast or anycast.
Do you know whether IPv6 has a multicast-FIB and/or an anycast-FIB ? My gue=
ss is NO. Instead I believe that this is another IETF-law that there is onl=
y 1 FIB :-(
=20


bottom line "no interest in knowing the traffic outside/beyond the packets'=
 incoming waiting queues",etc.etc.
   (I don't want to repeat it here)




Diffswev code points are copied to the outer header. And we have seen cases=
 where carrier-in-carrier scenarios, it is a feature to hide such code poin=
ts.=20


HH: I am accusing the DiffServ philosophy, which was once a counter movemen=
t to IntServ where available bandwidth capacities played a major role.
The DiffServ philosophy prevented that ideas were cast  to make routers  aw=
are of the traffic in the near surrounding and to deal with it - even witho=
ut connections a la SVC or LSP..=20









2) LISP specifics:
    a) Its structures are fixed though not even an idea is cast how to form=
 and handle Multicast- and Anycast-Locators.




Not true. Both EID and Locator address formats are flexibly encoded. We hav=
e seen use-cases where EIDs could be used as Fedex tracking numbers or VIN =
numbers (Vehicle ID Numbers). And we have seen Locators encoded as multi-tu=
ple addresses that include Geo-Coordinates.=20



        Anycast services (nearest hospital, nearest rescuer, nearest parkin=
g lot, nearest gas station, etc.) aren't considered at all.




An EID can be used as an anycast address where the database lookup can deci=
de which locators to return. And Locators can be anycast addresses as well =
to encapsulate packets to the closest locator. Nothing needs to be designed=
 in the protocol to make this happen.=20





       Most of the anycast services have to be scoped (it makes no sense to=
 disseminate "I am an empty parking lot in Munich." all over Germany/world)




Since LISP uses a pull database, there is no dissemination in the mapping s=
ystem.=20


HH:=20
Does your database ask back "where are you, user, so that I can send you th=
e right locator "?
By your description that database is an anycast server .=20
Do you envision that the users are mobile and will repeat their query every=
 now and then ? Don't you be afraid of  bottle necks ?
Note, one aspect of the scalability was the update churn. Your PULL solutio=
n will create  query churns to few (how few?) such databases. This will ham=
per the general
operability of the internet itself.
An anycast service typically needs  a scope (see mentioned examples above).=
 The areas your databases are responsible for won't  comply with the area a=
ny particular anycast service is limited to. In short: it doesn't fit at al=
l!



=20



Anyone that wants to talk to the EID will need to cache the locators but on=
ly in those locations.=20



       and I doubt that LISP-PULL fits in. Also: By dealing only with unica=
st, LISP does not provide and bits to differentiate between unicast, multic=
ast,...




Because the existing semantics are used. Class D encodings for IPv4 and fir=
st-byte 0xFF for IPv6.=20
HH:Why so shy? You have a brand new (LISP) header and can do what you want =
and should be interested in fast forwarding. There is unicast, multicast, a=
nycast, mp2mp, mp2p and broadcast to be differentiated. That could be done =
better than by address range differentiation



       b) GRE-tunnel nesting is a great bail out. A new concept however sho=
uld try to avoid it as much as possible .LISP however prefers=20
         LISP-header nesting rather than enlisting transits inside of ONE e=
xtended LISP-header.




LISP does re-encapsulating tunnels as well. See definition of RTRs in the T=
E and NAT-traversal Internet Drafts.=20
HH: Sure, but there are cases (detours) where employing a list of transit n=
odes is simpler than multiple pairs of  ITR and ETR .



3) LISP-DDT specific:
    It will kill IPv4 and I honestly think about writing to the IESG and ex=
plain to the IESG why, and why this is not just a  bug that can be repaired=
 whithin=20




This makes no sense. Why would it kill IPv4 and not IPv6?


DDT uses the iterative lookup model that DNS uses. Those properties are wel=
l known and we have a lot of experience with them.=20



    LISP-DDT. Here only this: At first I thought LISP-DDT is doomed to fail=
, but being the coffin nail for IPv4 is the alternate and even worse conseq=
uence.




Can you back the claim up with some data and technical commentary.=20






If you do, I would be glad to continue this thread.=20


Dino



HH:
Dino, your original LISP envisioned several versions: LISP2.0 using DNS and=
 others, one of  which then became the preferred one.
Many years have passed and we now encounter not only the scalability proble=
m but also the ipv4 unicast address depletion problem.


The honorable intention of LISP was to support IPv4 rather than to pull ove=
r to IPv6. I am sure you agree.
(IPv6 has so much address space, enough to address fractions of any square =
inch of the globe, i.e. could esily encompass any locator info.  But, I thi=
nk, neglecting ipv4 would be irresponsible. I am sure you agree again.)=20


LOC-ID-SPLIT not only meant  "routing based on the locator to the egress-si=
te" but also
to identify any host by the info-doublet {ID=3Dipv4 address ; LOC=3D locato=
r} in a globally unique way, in case the iPv4 address by itself cannot be g=
lobally unique  anymore due to the ipv4 unicast address depletion problem.
Put in different words: the ipv4 address of any host must (only) be unique =
per that site which is indicated by the respective  locator.


(1)Provided that this is still a basic assumption of the LISP-group I concl=
ude: LISP-DDT will fail for sure.
(2)Provided that LISP expects that there cannot be any further hosts with I=
Pv4 addresses after all ipv4 unicast addresses are used up I conclude: LISP=
-DDT kills IPv4.


Why:
It is a MUST to get the info-doublet {ID=3Dipv4 address ; LOC=3D locator} b=
y one single query !!! Period.!!!
Analogous example:
Imagine, you have to write a letter to Mr. Li (there are about 20 million p=
eople with this name), you only write this name on the envelope and ask the=
 officer at your (ingress) post office to add the address of Mr. Li all by =
himself/herself (because  he/she might have a database  with all addresses =
of all persons in the world  - btw which of course is not true). Facit: Tha=
t cannot work !!!


Hence:
The FQDN must be converted to {ID=3Dipv4 address ; LOC=3D locator} by one s=
ingle query, i.e. must be done by the host itself, i.e. the host must prepe=
nd the LISP header ! Eventually the ingress router might intercept the DNS-=
query and act as a proxy, but even if so, the query must be sent to the DNS=
 and to no other database !


Sorry Dino,  your defending DDT (how much better it is compared to LISP2.0 =
(DNS) couldn't convince me at all.


Heiner
















=20
=20










-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung-----=20
Von: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>
An: Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net>
Cc: LISP mailing list list <lisp@ietf.org>
Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 9:57 pm
Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup



On 09/01/2013, at 11:02 PM, Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net> wrote:

> Hi Geoff,
>=20
> On 8 Jan. 2013, at 20:21 , Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net> wrote:
>=20
>>=20
>> On 08/01/2013, at 9:34 PM, SM <sm@resistor.net> wrote:
>>=20
>>> Hi Terry,
>>> At 22:03 07-01-2013, Terry Manderson wrote:
>>>> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first li=
ke to
>>>> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>>>>=20
>>>> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it=20
necessary/useful
>>>> for LISP?
>>>=20
>>> The work item seems useful.
>>>=20
>>>> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that the =
LISP
>>>> experiment is best served?
>>>=20
>>> The problem is justifying the IP address space allocation and explainin=
g how=20
it will be managed.
>>>=20
>>> My guess is that the working group took an ORCHID approach (copy and pa=
ste=20
:-)).  I suggest dropping the idea of calling it a very large-scale experim=
ent. =20
The unstated problem is about politics.  I suggest taking a look at=20
draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.  It contains a good discussion of operational mode=
ls=20
and the trade-offs.
>>>=20
>>=20
>> I was on the IAB at the time that ORCHID was being considered - the issu=
e=20
there was to find a balance between enough bits for acceptable crypto and b=
asic=20
conservatism in the absolute size of the request - at the time a /28 appear=
ed to=20
be a suitable compromise considering that this was an experiment.
>>=20
>> Given that this is an experiment and that the transition from experiment=
 to=20
widespread deployment may well entail renumbering (as was the case with the=
=20
6bone) then one approach may well be to use a modest prefix that has a limi=
ted=20
capacity that would force renumbering in the shift from experiment to wides=
pread=20
adoption, if such occurs in the future.
>>=20
>=20
> I may be mistake but I do not see the renumbering need in the LISP case.


It all depends on the philosophy behind experimental allocations. If we wer=
e to=20
assume that each and every single experiment in IPv6, including all forms o=
f=20
cryptographically generated addresses, all forms of transitional mechanisms=
, all=20
forms of address plans and all forms of routing experiments were each to re=
quest=20
an experimental allocation that was "once and forever" and assumed at the o=
utset=20
that the experiment would result in comprehensive deployment over a network=
 many=20
many times larger than today's then I hope you can appreciate that we'd not=
 have=20
enough space to accommodate each and every experiment's requirements in the=
 IPv6=20
space.

So the conventional philosophy behind experimental allocations is to use en=
ough=20
space to allow the experiment to operate and to gain experience with the=20
technology. If this proves to be useful and taken up by the industry (and o=
f=20
course this process involves is by no means an assured outcome - quite the=
=20
opposite in fact) then its again conventional to look at how to support the=
=20
technology within the existing token distribution framework, or whether its=
=20
appropriate to make changes to the token distribution framework. Now obviou=
sly=20
some proponents of every experiment see universal adoption of their particu=
lar=20
technology as a given, including some LISP proponents no doubt. So of cours=
e we=20
see many (most?) experiment proponents proudly proclaim that they are uniqu=
ely=20
different and obviously their particular experiment will naturally result i=
n=20
universal deployment, so why not assume that happy outcome at the outset of=
 the=20
experiment and allocate resources at a scale commensurate w
 ith their no doubt certain universal deployment in the not-so-distant futu=
re?=20
But wishing it, no matter how enthusiastic you may be personally, does not =
make=20
it so. A prudent approach in a space that has seen, and is likely to see, m=
any=20
experiments proposed, is generally to provision resources to conduct the=20
experiment at the scale of the experiment and if the experiment leads to=20
someplace positive then look at what is required if the technology is to he=
ad to=20
larger levels of deployment.
=20

> The prefix request was written in such a way to reduce renumbering, rathe=
r=20
making the prefix "bigger" so to accommodate the growth. This would also be=
 an=20
easy change, rather then adding different prefix blocks just change the len=
gth=20
of the existing prefix.

I am continually confused by the assumptions behind this assertion, and I'v=
e=20
heard this assumption a number of times in the course of the consideration =
of=20
this draft. If LISP is so fragile that it requires a very particular deploy=
ed=20
address structure in order to operate, then frankly we could do precisely t=
he=20
same in BGP and achieve better results because of avoidance of tunnelling. =
I=20
find it somewhat strange to see this adamant view that LISP absolutely requ=
ires=20
a uniquely structured address plan in order to achieve any useful outcome i=
n=20
terms of scalable routing, at a cost of increased latency and exposure to=
=20
vagaries of tunnel behaviour, while at the same time ignoring the simple=20
observation that if one were to do the same surgery on the address plan in =
BGP=20
the outcomes would likely to be just as good if not better, without the neg=
ative=20
factors of map-resolution-related latency and tunnelling.

>=20
> I think this is something to keep in the future document(s).

And I strongly disagree with your opinion. If we did this for every experim=
ent=20
that we encounter that proposes some unique address plan that is intended t=
o=20
improve security, routing scaleability, auto-configuration, pre-provisionin=
g,=20
network virtualization, software programability, etc etc, then once more we=
 are=20
going to find ourselves contemplating address exhaustion in IPv6 far sooner=
 than=20
anyone would've rationally anticipated.

Geoff

_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
lisp@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp

=20









=20
_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
lisp@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp

=20

_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
lisp@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


=20

=20
=20
=20

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<font color=3D'black' size=3D'2' face=3D'arial'>
<div style=3D"font-family:helvetica,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black">
<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe34e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=
=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">
<div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;">
<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=
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<div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;">








<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font color=
=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial;">Dino,</font>



<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial;"><font class=3D"Apple-st=
yle-span" size=3D"2">As you can see, I have chosen a peaceful and neutral s=
ubject line. See below my comments.<br>



</font></div>







<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; =
font-family: arial;">Heiner<br>



</font><br>







<div style=3D"color: black;"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" st=
yle=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">-----Urspr=C3=BCngl=
iche Mitteilung----- </font><br>



<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-=
family: helvetica, arial;">Von: Dino Farinacci &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:farina=
cci@gmail.com">farinacci@gmail.com</a>&gt;</font><br>



<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-=
family: helvetica, arial;">An: heinerhummel &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:heinerhum=
mel@aol.com">heinerhummel@aol.com</a>&gt;</font><br>



<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-=
family: helvetica, arial;">Cc: gih &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:gih@apnic.net">gih=
@apnic.net</a>&gt;; ggx &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ggx@gigix.net">ggx@gigix.net<=
/a>&gt;; lisp &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a>&gt;</f=
ont><br>



<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-=
family: helvetica, arial;">Verschickt: Sa, 12 Jan 2013 10:11 pm</font><br>



<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-=
family: helvetica, arial;">Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03=
.txt back in workgroup</font><br>



<br>













<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975">

<blockquote type=3D"cite" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica,=
 arial;"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font=
-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D=
"2" face=3D"arial"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Well spoken.=
 Again, after the short late-night email, because:</font>
</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



</div>



<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-=
family: helvetica, arial;">Since you were subjective on your comments I wil=
l be direct and to the point in my responses. But only direct to your comme=
nts that are clear.&nbsp;</font>



<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font=
-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D=
"2" face=3D"arial">



<div>1) There is a long list of deficiencies which LISP maintains and which=
 are due to clinging to&nbsp;</div>









<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp;paradigms lik=
e prefix building, DiffServ </font></div>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div><br>



</div>



Do you mean map-cache caching. I don't know what you mean by prefix buildin=
g. EID-prefixes are assigned to LISP sites just like prefixes are assigned =
today. There is no operational difference.&nbsp;</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">HH: I mean using prefixes AT ALL &nbsp; !!=
!: &nbsp;I know this is state of art in classical internet routing. LISP-TA=
RA (yes, TARA is a loc-id-split solution) would reduce it be the same degre=
e by which TARA routers were deployed. After all, you can't use prefixes fo=
r multicast or anycast either. As far as I know IPv4- FIBs don't have any e=
ntries for multicast or anycast.</font></div>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Do you know whether IPv6 has a multicast-F=
IB and/or an anycast-FIB ? My guess is NO. Instead I believe that this is a=
nother IETF-law that there is only 1 FIB :-(</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp;<br>



</font><blockquote type=3D"cite" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D=
"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font=
-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D=
"2" face=3D"arial">



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">bottom line "no interest i=
n knowing the traffic outside/beyond the packets' incoming waiting queues",=
etc.etc.</font></div>









<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp;(I don't want=
 to repeat it here)</font></div>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; "><br>



</div>



<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Diffswev code points are copied=
 to the outer header. And we have seen cases where carrier-in-carrier scena=
rios, it is a feature to hide such code points.&nbsp;</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">HH: I am accusing the DiffServ philosophy,=
 which was once a counter movement to IntServ where available bandwidth cap=
acities played a major role.</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">The DiffServ philosophy prevented that ide=
as were cast &nbsp;to make routers &nbsp;aware of the traffic in the near s=
urrounding and to deal with it - even without connections a la SVC or LSP..=
&nbsp;<br>



</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>


</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>



</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>



</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt;"><blockquote type=3D"cite" style=3D"font-siz=
e: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font=
-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2">





<div>2) LISP specifics:</div>









<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-s=
pan" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; a) Its structures are fixed though not even a=
n idea is cast how to form and handle Multicast- and Anycast-Locators.</fon=
t></div>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><br>



</div>



<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-family: helvetica=
, arial; ">Not true. Both EID and Locator address formats are flexibly enco=
ded. We have seen use-cases where EIDs could be used as Fedex tracking numb=
ers or VIN numbers (Vehicle ID Numbers). And we have seen Locators encoded =
as multi-tuple addresses that include Geo-Coordinates.&nbsp;</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



<blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font=
-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D=
"2" face=3D"arial">





<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp=
; Anycast services (nearest hospital, nearest rescuer, nearest parking lot,=
 nearest gas station, etc.) aren't considered at all.</font></div>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div><br>



</div>



An EID can be used as an anycast address where the database lookup can deci=
de which locators to return. And Locators can be&nbsp;<span style=3D"-webki=
t-tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.296875); -webkit-composition-fill=
-color: rgba(175, 192, 227, 0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgb=
a(77, 128, 180, 0.230469); ">anycast addresses as well to encapsulate packe=
ts to the closest locator. Nothing needs to be designed in the protocol to =
make this happen.&nbsp;</span></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>


</div>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



<blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font=
-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D=
"2" face=3D"arial">





<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp=
;Most of the anycast services have to be scoped (it makes no sense to disse=
minate "I am an empty parking lot in Munich." all over Germany/world)</font=
></div>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div><br>



</div>



Since LISP uses a pull database, there is no dissemination in the mapping s=
ystem.&nbsp;</div>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>


</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">HH:&nbsp;</d=
iv>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">Does your da=
tabase ask back "where are you, user, so that I can send you the right loca=
tor "?</div>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">By your desc=
ription that database is an anycast server .&nbsp;</div>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">Do you envis=
ion that the users are mobile and will repeat their query every now and the=
n ? Don't you be afraid of &nbsp;bottle necks ?</div>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">Note, one as=
pect of the scalability was the update churn. Your PULL solution will creat=
e &nbsp;query churns to few (how few?) such databases. This will hamper the=
 general</div>



<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">operability =
of the internet itself.</div>



<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">An anycast s=
ervice typically needs &nbsp;a scope (see mentioned examples above). The ar=
eas your databases are responsible for won't &nbsp;comply with the area any=
 particular anycast service is limited to. In short: it doesn't fit at all!=
</div>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>


</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">



<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial;">&nbsp;</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt;"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"=
><br>



</font></div>



</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">Anyone that =
wants to talk to the EID will need to cache the locators but only in those =
locations.&nbsp;</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



<blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font=
-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D=
"2" face=3D"arial">





<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp=
;and I doubt that LISP-PULL fits in. Also: By dealing only with unicast, LI=
SP does not provide and bits to differentiate between unicast, multicast,..=
.</font></div>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div><br>



</div>



Because the existing semantics are used. Class D encodings for IPv4 and fir=
st-byte 0xFF for IPv6.&nbsp;</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">HH:Why so shy? You have a brand new (LISP)=
 header and can do what you want and should be interested in fast forwardin=
g. There is unicast, multicast, anycast, mp2mp, mp2p and broadcast to be di=
fferentiated. That could be done better than by address range differentiati=
on</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



<blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font=
-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D=
"2" face=3D"arial">





<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</font=
>&nbsp; b) GRE-tunnel nesting is a great bail out. A new concept however sh=
ould try to avoid it as much as possible .LISP however prefers&nbsp;</div>









<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp=
; &nbsp;LISP-header nesting rather than enlisting transits inside of ONE ex=
tended LISP-header.</font></div>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div><br>



</div>



LISP does re-encapsulating tunnels as well. See definition of RTRs in the T=
E and NAT-traversal Internet Drafts.&nbsp;</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">HH: Sure, but there are cases (detours) wh=
ere employing a list of transit nodes is simpler than multiple pairs of &nb=
sp;ITR and ETR .</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



<blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font=
-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D=
"2" face=3D"arial">





<div>3) LISP-DDT specific:</div>









<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; It will kill=
 IPv4 and I honestly think about writing to the IESG and explain to the IES=
G why, and why this is not just a &nbsp;bug that can be repaired whithin&nb=
sp;</font></div>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div><br>



</div>



This makes no sense. Why would it kill IPv4 and not IPv6?</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">DDT uses the=
 iterative lookup model that DNS uses. Those properties are well known and =
we have a lot of experience with them.&nbsp;</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



<blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font=
-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D=
"2" face=3D"arial">





<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; LISP-DDT. He=
re only this: At first I thought LISP-DDT is doomed to fail, but being the =
coffin nail for IPv4 is the alternate and even worse consequence.</font></d=
iv>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div><br>



</div>



Can you back the claim up with some data and technical commentary.&nbsp;</d=
iv>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>


</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">If you do, I=
 would be glad to continue this thread.&nbsp;</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">Dino</div>

<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>
</div>







<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial;">


<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt;"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"=
>HH:</font></div>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt;"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"=
>Dino, your original LISP envisioned several versions: LISP2.0 using DNS an=
d others, one of &nbsp;which then became the preferred one.</font></div>





<div>Many years have passed and we now encounter not only the scalability p=
roblem but also the ipv4 unicast address depletion problem.</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>The honorable intention of LISP was to support IPv4 rather than to pul=
l over to IPv6. I am sure you agree.</div>

<div>(IPv6 has so much address space, enough to address fractions of any sq=
uare inch of the globe, i.e. could esily encompass any locator info. &nbsp;=
But, I think, neglecting ipv4 would be irresponsible. I am sure you agree a=
gain.)&nbsp;</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>LOC-ID-SPLIT not only meant &nbsp;"routing based on the locator to the=
 egress-site" but also</div>

<div>to identify any host by the info-doublet {ID=3Dipv4 address ; LOC=3D l=
ocator} in a globally unique way, in case the iPv4 address by itself cannot=
 be globally unique &nbsp;anymore due to the ipv4 unicast address depletion=
 problem.</div>

<div>Put in different words: the ipv4 address of any host must (only) be un=
ique per that site which is indicated by the respective &nbsp;locator.</div=
>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>(1)Provided that this is still a basic assumption of the LISP-group I =
conclude: LISP-DDT will fail for sure.</div>

<div>(2)Provided that LISP expects that there cannot be any further hosts w=
ith IPv4 addresses after all ipv4 unicast addresses are used up I conclude:=
 LISP-DDT kills IPv4.</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>Why:</div>

<div>It is a MUST to get the&nbsp;info-doublet {ID=3Dipv4 address ; LOC=3D =
locator} by one single query !!! Period.!!!</div>

<div>Analogous example:</div>

<div>Imagine, you have to write a letter to Mr. Li (there are about 20 mill=
ion people with this name), you only write this name on the envelope and as=
k the officer at your (ingress) post office to add the address of Mr. Li al=
l by himself/herself (because &nbsp;he/she might have a database &nbsp;with=
 all addresses of all persons in the world &nbsp;- btw which of course is n=
ot true). Facit: That cannot work !!!</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>Hence:</div>

<div>The FQDN must be converted to&nbsp;{ID=3Dipv4 address ; LOC=3D locator=
} by one single query, i.e. must be done by the host itself, i.e. the host =
must prepend the LISP header ! Eventually the ingress router might intercep=
t the DNS-query and act as a proxy, but even if so, the query must be sent =
to the DNS and to no other database !</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>Sorry Dino, &nbsp;your defending DDT (how much better it is compared t=
o LISP2.0 (DNS) couldn't convince me at all.</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>Heiner</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>&nbsp;</div>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt;"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"=
>&nbsp;</font></div>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt;"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"=
><br>


</font></div>



<blockquote type=3D"cite" style=3D"font-size: 10pt;"><font color=3D"black" =
size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font=
-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D=
"2" face=3D"arial">





<div><br>




</div>









<div><br>
</div>

<div>




<br>











<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; color: black;=
 ">-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung----- <br>





Von: Geoff Huston &lt;<a>gih@apnic.net</a>&gt;<br>





An: Luigi Iannone &lt;<a>ggx@gigix.net</a>&gt;<br>





Cc: LISP mailing list list &lt;<a>lisp@ietf.org</a>&gt;<br>





Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 9:57 pm<br>





Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup<br>





<br>

















<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_0_fabb93d1-e997-4250-905d-4d95d7dfd962" style=3D"marg=
in: 0px;font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Sans-Serif;font-size: 12px;col=
or: #000;background-color: #fff;">

<pre style=3D"font-size: 9pt;"><tt>
On 09/01/2013, at 11:02 PM, Luigi Iannone &lt;<a>ggx@gigix.net</a>&gt; wrot=
e:

&gt; Hi Geoff,
&gt;=20
&gt; On 8 Jan. 2013, at 20:21 , Geoff Huston &lt;<a>gih@apnic.net</a>&gt; w=
rote:
&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt; On 08/01/2013, at 9:34 PM, SM &lt;<a>sm@resistor.net</a>&gt; wrote=
:
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; Hi Terry,
&gt;&gt;&gt; At 22:03 07-01-2013, Terry Manderson wrote:
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I wo=
uld first like to
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is i=
t=20
necessary/useful
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; for LISP?
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; The work item seems useful.
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document =
so that the LISP
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; experiment is best served?
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; The problem is justifying the IP address space allocation and =
explaining how=20
it will be managed.
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; My guess is that the working group took an ORCHID approach (co=
py and paste=20
:-)).  I suggest dropping the idea of calling it a very large-scale experim=
ent. =20
The unstated problem is about politics.  I suggest taking a look at=20
draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.  It contains a good discussion of operational mode=
ls=20
and the trade-offs.
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt; I was on the IAB at the time that ORCHID was being considered - th=
e issue=20
there was to find a balance between enough bits for acceptable crypto and b=
asic=20
conservatism in the absolute size of the request - at the time a /28 appear=
ed to=20
be a suitable compromise considering that this was an experiment.
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt; Given that this is an experiment and that the transition from expe=
riment to=20
widespread deployment may well entail renumbering (as was the case with the=
=20
6bone) then one approach may well be to use a modest prefix that has a limi=
ted=20
capacity that would force renumbering in the shift from experiment to wides=
pread=20
adoption, if such occurs in the future.
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;=20
&gt; I may be mistake but I do not see the renumbering need in the LISP cas=
e.


It all depends on the philosophy behind experimental allocations. If we wer=
e to=20
assume that each and every single experiment in IPv6, including all forms o=
f=20
cryptographically generated addresses, all forms of transitional mechanisms=
, all=20
forms of address plans and all forms of routing experiments were each to re=
quest=20
an experimental allocation that was "once and forever" and assumed at the o=
utset=20
that the experiment would result in comprehensive deployment over a network=
 many=20
many times larger than today's then I hope you can appreciate that we'd not=
 have=20
enough space to accommodate each and every experiment's requirements in the=
 IPv6=20
space.

So the conventional philosophy behind experimental allocations is to use en=
ough=20
space to allow the experiment to operate and to gain experience with the=20
technology. If this proves to be useful and taken up by the industry (and o=
f=20
course this process involves is by no means an assured outcome - quite the=
=20
opposite in fact) then its again conventional to look at how to support the=
=20
technology within the existing token distribution framework, or whether its=
=20
appropriate to make changes to the token distribution framework. Now obviou=
sly=20
some proponents of every experiment see universal adoption of their particu=
lar=20
technology as a given, including some LISP proponents no doubt. So of cours=
e we=20
see many (most?) experiment proponents proudly proclaim that they are uniqu=
ely=20
different and obviously their particular experiment will naturally result i=
n=20
universal deployment, so why not assume that happy outcome at the outset of=
 the=20
experiment and allocate resources at a scale commensurate w
 ith their no doubt certain universal deployment in the not-so-distant futu=
re?=20
But wishing it, no matter how enthusiastic you may be personally, does not =
make=20
it so. A prudent approach in a space that has seen, and is likely to see, m=
any=20
experiments proposed, is generally to provision resources to conduct the=20
experiment at the scale of the experiment and if the experiment leads to=20
someplace positive then look at what is required if the technology is to he=
ad to=20
larger levels of deployment.
=20

&gt; The prefix request was written in such a way to reduce renumbering, ra=
ther=20
making the prefix "bigger" so to accommodate the growth. This would also be=
 an=20
easy change, rather then adding different prefix blocks just change the len=
gth=20
of the existing prefix.

I am continually confused by the assumptions behind this assertion, and I'v=
e=20
heard this assumption a number of times in the course of the consideration =
of=20
this draft. If LISP is so fragile that it requires a very particular deploy=
ed=20
address structure in order to operate, then frankly we could do precisely t=
he=20
same in BGP and achieve better results because of avoidance of tunnelling. =
I=20
find it somewhat strange to see this adamant view that LISP absolutely requ=
ires=20
a uniquely structured address plan in order to achieve any useful outcome i=
n=20
terms of scalable routing, at a cost of increased latency and exposure to=
=20
vagaries of tunnel behaviour, while at the same time ignoring the simple=20
observation that if one were to do the same surgery on the address plan in =
BGP=20
the outcomes would likely to be just as good if not better, without the neg=
ative=20
factors of map-resolution-related latency and tunnelling.

&gt;=20
&gt; I think this is something to keep in the future document(s).

And I strongly disagree with your opinion. If we did this for every experim=
ent=20
that we encounter that proposes some unique address plan that is intended t=
o=20
improve security, routing scaleability, auto-configuration, pre-provisionin=
g,=20
network virtualization, software programability, etc etc, then once more we=
 are=20
going to find ourselves contemplating address exhaustion in IPv6 far sooner=
 than=20
anyone would've rationally anticipated.

Geoff

_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
<a>lisp@ietf.org</a>
<a>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a>
</tt></pre>
</div>





=20



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<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"arial" size=3D"2"><br>




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<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"arial" size=3D"2"><br>




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<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"arial" size=3D"2"><br>




</font>
</div>









<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea"><font class=
=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"arial" size=3D"2"><br>




</font></div>




=20






<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_3_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"marg=
in-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-=
family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(0, =
0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">

<pre style=3D"font-size: 9pt;"><tt>________________________________________=
_______
lisp mailing list
<a>lisp@ietf.org</a>
<a>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a>
</tt></pre>
</div>




=20



</div>




</font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite" style=3D"font-size: 10pt;">



<div><span>_______________________________________________</span><br>



<span>lisp mailing list</span><br>



<span><a>lisp@ietf.org</a></span><br>



<span><a>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a></span><br>



</div>



</blockquote></div>




</div>



=20



</div>



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</font>
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=20



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=20



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</div>
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</div>
</font>
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From: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 16 Jan 2013 21:31:51 -0800
To: "heinerhummel@aol.com" <heinerhummel@aol.com>
Cc: "lisp@ietf.org" <lisp@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [lisp] LISP and IPv4
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> Dino,
> As you can see, I have chosen a peaceful and neutral subject line. See bel=
ow my comments.
> Heiner

I thank you for the peace.=20

>=20
> -----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung-----=20
> Von: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
> An: heinerhummel <heinerhummel@aol.com>
> Cc: gih <gih@apnic.net>; ggx <ggx@gigix.net>; lisp <lisp@ietf.org>
> Verschickt: Sa, 12 Jan 2013 10:11 pm
> Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
>=20
>> Well spoken. Again, after the short late-night email, because:
>=20
> Since you were subjective on your comments I will be direct and to the poi=
nt in my responses. But only direct to your comments that are clear.=20
>=20
>> 1) There is a long list of deficiencies which LISP maintains and which ar=
e due to clinging to=20
>>    paradigms like prefix building, DiffServ
>=20
> Do you mean map-cache caching. I don't know what you mean by prefix buildi=
ng. EID-prefixes are assigned to LISP sites just like prefixes are assigned t=
oday. There is no operational difference.=20
>=20
> HH: I mean using prefixes AT ALL   !!!:  I know this is state of art in cl=
assical internet routing. LISP-TARA (yes, TARA is a loc-id-split solution) w=
ould reduce it be the same degree by which TARA routers were

LISP didn't have the goal to disrupt the current Internet. We wanted LISP si=
tes to talk to non-LISP sites. We wanted the architecture to be incrementall=
y deployable.=20

> deployed. After all, you can't use prefixes for multicast or anycast eithe=
r. As far as I know IPv4- FIBs don't have any entries for multicast or anyca=
st.
> Do you know whether IPv6 has a multicast-FIB and/or an anycast-FIB ? My gu=
ess is NO. Instead I believe that this is another IETF-law that there is onl=
y 1 FIB :-(

IPv4 and IPv6 address usage is really identical. The real only difference is=
 one is 4 times larger.=20

> =20
>> bottom line "no interest in knowing the traffic outside/beyond the packet=
s' incoming waiting queues",etc.etc.
>>    (I don't want to repeat it here)
>=20
> Diffswev code points are copied to the outer header. And we have seen case=
s where carrier-in-carrier scenarios, it is a feature to hide such code poin=
ts.=20
>=20
> HH: I am accusing the DiffServ philosophy, which was once a counter moveme=
nt to IntServ where available bandwidth capacities played a major role.
> The DiffServ philosophy prevented that ideas were cast  to make routers  a=
ware of the traffic in the near surrounding and to deal with it - even witho=
ut connections a la SVC or LSP..=20

But you seem to conflate the two and hence my response.=20

>=20
>=20
>=20
>> 2) LISP specifics:
>>     a) Its structures are fixed though not even an idea is cast how to fo=
rm and handle Multicast- and Anycast-Locators.
>=20
> Not true. Both EID and Locator address formats are flexibly encoded. We ha=
ve seen use-cases where EIDs could be used as Fedex tracking numbers or VIN n=
umbers (Vehicle ID Numbers). And we have seen Locators encoded as multi-tupl=
e addresses that include Geo-Coordinates.=20
>=20
>>         Anycast services (nearest hospital, nearest rescuer, nearest park=
ing lot, nearest gas station, etc.) aren't considered at all.
>=20
> An EID can be used as an anycast address where the database lookup can dec=
ide which locators to return. And Locators can be anycast addresses as well t=
o encapsulate packets to the closest locator. Nothing needs to be designed i=
n the protocol to make this happen.=20
>=20
>=20
>>        Most of the anycast services have to be scoped (it makes no sense t=
o disseminate "I am an empty parking lot in Munich." all over Germany/world)=

>=20
> Since LISP uses a pull database, there is no dissemination in the mapping s=
ystem.=20
>=20
> HH:=20
> Does your database ask back "where are you, user, so that I can send you t=
he right locator "?

Yes it does. That is what Map-Notify messages do.=20

> By your description that database is an anycast server .=20

How is accessed can be with unique unicast locators or anycast locators assi=
gned to the Map-Resolvers.=20

> Do you envision that the users are mobile and will repeat their query ever=
y now and then ? Don't you be afraid of  bottle necks ?

They can but it is not required. When MNs get new locators they register the=
m to the mapping database.=20

ITRs are notified by the moving MN so they are informed to do a new lookup t=
o get a newer set of locators.=20

> Note, one aspect of the scalability was the update churn. Your PULL soluti=
on will create  query churns to few (how few?) such databases. This will ham=
per the general

It is a single update to the mapping system (in practice it is two Map-Serve=
rs) and updates to xTRs that are the top talking EIDs.=20

> operability of the internet itself.
> An anycast service typically needs  a scope (see mentioned examples above)=
. The

This is not an anycast service. You just think it is. The architecture DOES N=
OT require the Map-Resolvers to have the SAME assigned address.=20

> areas your databases are responsible for won't  comply with the area any p=
articular anycast service is limited to. In short: it doesn't fit at all!
>=20
> =20
>=20
> Anyone that wants to talk to the EID will need to cache the locators but o=
nly in those locations.=20
>=20
>>        and I doubt that LISP-PULL fits in. Also: By dealing only with uni=
cast, LISP does not provide and bits to differentiate between unicast, multi=
cast,...
>=20
> Because the existing semantics are used. Class D encodings for IPv4 and fi=
rst-byte 0xFF for IPv6.=20
> HH:Why so shy? You have a brand new (LISP) header and can do what you want=
 and should be interested in fast forwarding. There is unicast, multicast, a=
nycast, mp2mp, mp2p and broadcast to be differentiated. That could be done b=
etter than by address range differentiation
>=20
>>        b) GRE-tunnel nesting is a great bail out. A new concept however s=
hould try to avoid it as much as possible .LISP however prefers=20
>>          LISP-header nesting rather than enlisting transits inside of ONE=
 extended LISP-header.
>=20
> LISP does re-encapsulating tunnels as well. See definition of RTRs in the T=
E and NAT-traversal Internet Drafts.=20
> HH: Sure, but there are cases (detours) where employing a list of transit n=
odes is simpler than multiple pairs of  ITR and ETR .
>=20
>> 3) LISP-DDT specific:
>>     It will kill IPv4 and I honestly think about writing to the IESG and e=
xplain to the IESG why, and why this is not just a  bug that can be repaired=
 whithin=20
>=20
> This makes no sense. Why would it kill IPv4 and not IPv6?
>=20
> DDT uses the iterative lookup model that DNS uses. Those properties are we=
ll known and we have a lot of experience with them.=20
>=20
>>     LISP-DDT. Here only this: At first I thought LISP-DDT is doomed to fa=
il, but being the coffin nail for IPv4 is the alternate and even worse conse=
quence.
>=20
> Can you back the claim up with some data and technical commentary.=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> If you do, I would be glad to continue this thread.=20
>=20
> Dino
>=20
> HH:
> Dino, your original LISP envisioned several versions: LISP2.0 using DNS an=
d others,

That was when LISP was in research mode in the RRG. Once we went into the IE=
TF we made some decisions on how to make the mapping database system modular=
.=20

This effort has been going for 6 years. So if one is in and out you may not s=
ee the final design.=20

> one of  which then became the preferred one.
> Many years have passed and we now encounter not only the scalability probl=
em but also the ipv4 unicast address depletion problem.
>=20
> The honorable intention of LISP was to support IPv4 rather than to pull ov=
er to IPv6. I am sure you agree.

The intention was to support any type of EIDs. And if you look at the effort=
 in the nvo3 working group shows that MAC addresses could be used as
EIDs where a layer-2 LISP is created (also known as VXLAN).=20

> (IPv6 has so much address space, enough to address fractions of any square=
 inch of the globe, i.e. could esily encompass any locator info.  But, I thi=
nk, neglecting ipv4 would be irresponsible. I am sure you agree again.)=20

We want to solve multi homing, VPNs, and mobility problems for all address
families.=20

>=20
> LOC-ID-SPLIT not only meant  "routing based on the locator to the egress-s=
ite" but also
> to identify any host by the info-doublet {ID=3Dipv4 address ; LOC=3D locat=
or} in a globally unique way, in case the iPv4 address by itself cannot be g=
lobally unique  anymore due to the ipv4 unicast address depletion problem.

True - but Darrel and I can share our home's 192.168.1.0/24 space. So arguab=
ly we have a feature. If you solve the shortest path mobility problem you ge=
t VPN support for free.=20

> Put in different words: the ipv4 address of any host must (only) be unique=
 per that site which is indicated by the respective  locator.

Yes - that is right. But the Internet system requires that not LISP.=20

>=20
> (1)Provided that this is still a basic assumption of the LISP-group I conc=
lude: LISP-DDT will fail for sure.

I don't follow.=20

> (2)Provided that LISP expects that there cannot be any further hosts with I=
Pv4 addresses after all ipv4 unicast addresses are used up I conclude: LISP-=
DDT kills IPv4.

You are thinking that DDT Is so proactive to kill an address family. I
Wish we could have technology that could kill thinks but I'm afraid it
Isn't that simple.=20

>=20
> Why:
> It is a MUST to get the info-doublet {ID=3Dipv4 address ; LOC=3D locator} b=
y one single query !!! Period.!!!

Read the specs. That is not true.=20

> Analogous example:
> Imagine, you have to write a letter to Mr. Li (there are about 20 million p=
eople with this name), you only write this name on the envelope and ask the o=
fficer at your (ingress) post office to add the address of Mr. Li all by him=
self/herself (because  he/she might have a database  with all addresses of a=
ll persons in the world  - btw which of course is not true). Facit: That can=
not work !!!

Address have to be unique within a VPN or an Internet. LISP did not put in t=
his rule or restriction from your point of view.=20

>=20
> Hence:
> The FQDN must be converted to {ID=3Dipv4 address ; LOC=3D locator} by one s=
ingle query, i.e. must be done by the host itself, i.e. the host must prepen=
d the LISP header ! Eventually the ingress router might intercept the DNS-qu=
ery and act as a proxy, but even if so, the query must be sent to the DNS an=
d to no other database !

Dude - DNS can deal with this today when NATs are in use. You make it sound l=
ike LISP introduces this problem.=20

>=20
> Sorry Dino,  your defending DDT (how much better it is compared to LISP2.0=
 (DNS) couldn't convince me at all.

Just sit back and watch Heiner. We never said DDT is DNS. We have said it us=
es the iterative lookup model like DNS. And the nodes are configured like a D=
NS hierarchy. So people can understand how the mapping database can be manag=
ed by multiple organizations and possibly the same TYPE if tools that are us=
ed for the DNS system.=20

Dino

>=20
> Heiner
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> =20
> =20
>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> -----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung-----=20
>> Von: Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net>
>> An: Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net>
>> Cc: LISP mailing list list <lisp@ietf.org>
>> Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 9:57 pm
>> Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup
>>=20
>>=20
>> On 09/01/2013, at 11:02 PM, Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net> wrote:
>>=20
>> > Hi Geoff,
>> >=20
>> > On 8 Jan. 2013, at 20:21 , Geoff Huston <gih@apnic.net> wrote:
>> >=20
>> >>=20
>> >> On 08/01/2013, at 9:34 PM, SM <sm@resistor.net> wrote:
>> >>=20
>> >>> Hi Terry,
>> >>> At 22:03 07-01-2013, Terry Manderson wrote:
>> >>>> However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I would first l=
ike to
>> >>>> canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
>> >>>>=20
>> >>>> 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it=20
>> necessary/useful
>> >>>> for LISP?
>> >>>=20
>> >>> The work item seems useful.
>> >>>=20
>> >>>> 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document so that th=
e LISP
>> >>>> experiment is best served?
>> >>>=20
>> >>> The problem is justifying the IP address space allocation and explain=
ing how=20
>> it will be managed.
>> >>>=20
>> >>> My guess is that the working group took an ORCHID approach (copy and p=
aste=20
>> :-)).  I suggest dropping the idea of calling it a very large-scale exper=
iment. =20
>> The unstated problem is about politics.  I suggest taking a look at=20
>> draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.  It contains a good discussion of operational mo=
dels=20
>> and the trade-offs.
>> >>>=20
>> >>=20
>> >> I was on the IAB at the time that ORCHID was being considered - the is=
sue=20
>> there was to find a balance between enough bits for acceptable crypto and=
 basic=20
>> conservatism in the absolute size of the request - at the time a /28 appe=
ared to=20
>> be a suitable compromise considering that this was an experiment.
>> >>=20
>> >> Given that this is an experiment and that the transition from experime=
nt to=20
>> widespread deployment may well entail renumbering (as was the case with t=
he=20
>> 6bone) then one approach may well be to use a modest prefix that has a li=
mited=20
>> capacity that would force renumbering in the shift from experiment to wid=
espread=20
>> adoption, if such occurs in the future.
>> >>=20
>> >=20
>> > I may be mistake but I do not see the renumbering need in the LISP case=
.
>>=20
>>=20
>> It all depends on the philosophy behind experimental allocations. If we w=
ere to=20
>> assume that each and every single experiment in IPv6, including all forms=
 of=20
>> cryptographically generated addresses, all forms of transitional mechanis=
ms, all=20
>> forms of address plans and all forms of routing experiments were each to r=
equest=20
>> an experimental allocation that was "once and forever" and assumed at the=
 outset=20
>> that the experiment would result in comprehensive deployment over a netwo=
rk many=20
>> many times larger than today's then I hope you can appreciate that we'd n=
ot have=20
>> enough space to accommodate each and every experiment's requirements in t=
he IPv6=20
>> space.
>>=20
>> So the conventional philosophy behind experimental allocations is to use e=
nough=20
>> space to allow the experiment to operate and to gain experience with the=20=

>> technology. If this proves to be useful and taken up by the industry (and=
 of=20
>> course this process involves is by no means an assured outcome - quite th=
e=20
>> opposite in fact) then its again conventional to look at how to support t=
he=20
>> technology within the existing token distribution framework, or whether i=
ts=20
>> appropriate to make changes to the token distribution framework. Now obvi=
ously=20
>> some proponents of every experiment see universal adoption of their parti=
cular=20
>> technology as a given, including some LISP proponents no doubt. So of cou=
rse we=20
>> see many (most?) experiment proponents proudly proclaim that they are uni=
quely=20
>> different and obviously their particular experiment will naturally result=
 in=20
>> universal deployment, so why not assume that happy outcome at the outset o=
f the=20
>> experiment and allocate resources at a scale commensurate w
>>  ith their no doubt certain universal deployment in the not-so-distant fu=
ture?=20
>> But wishing it, no matter how enthusiastic you may be personally, does no=
t make=20
>> it so. A prudent approach in a space that has seen, and is likely to see,=
 many=20
>> experiments proposed, is generally to provision resources to conduct the=20=

>> experiment at the scale of the experiment and if the experiment leads to=20=

>> someplace positive then look at what is required if the technology is to h=
ead to=20
>> larger levels of deployment.
>> =20
>>=20
>> > The prefix request was written in such a way to reduce renumbering, rat=
her=20
>> making the prefix "bigger" so to accommodate the growth. This would also b=
e an=20
>> easy change, rather then adding different prefix blocks just change the l=
ength=20
>> of the existing prefix.
>>=20
>> I am continually confused by the assumptions behind this assertion, and I=
've=20
>> heard this assumption a number of times in the course of the consideratio=
n of=20
>> this draft. If LISP is so fragile that it requires a very particular depl=
oyed=20
>> address structure in order to operate, then frankly we could do precisely=
 the=20
>> same in BGP and achieve better results because of avoidance of tunnelling=
. I=20
>> find it somewhat strange to see this adamant view that LISP absolutely re=
quires=20
>> a uniquely structured address plan in order to achieve any useful outcome=
 in=20
>> terms of scalable routing, at a cost of increased latency and exposure to=
=20
>> vagaries of tunnel behaviour, while at the same time ignoring the simple=20=

>> observation that if one were to do the same surgery on the address plan i=
n BGP=20
>> the outcomes would likely to be just as good if not better, without the n=
egative=20
>> factors of map-resolution-related latency and tunnelling.
>>=20
>> >=20
>> > I think this is something to keep in the future document(s).
>>=20
>> And I strongly disagree with your opinion. If we did this for every exper=
iment=20
>> that we encounter that proposes some unique address plan that is intended=
 to=20
>> improve security, routing scaleability, auto-configuration, pre-provision=
ing,=20
>> network virtualization, software programability, etc etc, then once more w=
e are=20
>> going to find ourselves contemplating address exhaustion in IPv6 far soon=
er than=20
>> anyone would've rationally anticipated.
>>=20
>> Geoff
>>=20
>> _______________________________________________
>> lisp mailing list
>> lisp@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> _______________________________________________
>> lisp mailing list
>> lisp@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>> _______________________________________________
>> lisp mailing list
>> lisp@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp

--Apple-Mail-8304CFB0-73DA-4DCD-8DC3-DA9920F06E77
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset=utf-8
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"content-type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3D=
utf-8"></head><body dir=3D"auto"><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"bl=
ack" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family:helvetica,arial;fon=
t-size:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe34e843-cb09-4de3-b641-410=
5ac81de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"fon=
t-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-=
2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"=
><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLM=
sgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font color=3D"black" size=3D=
"2" face=3D"arial"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font=
-size: 10pt; font-family: arial;">Dino,</font>



<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: arial;"><font class=3D"Apple-sty=
le-span" size=3D"2">As you can see, I have chosen a peaceful and neutral sub=
ject line. See below my comments.<br>



</font></div>







<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; f=
ont-family: arial;">Heiner<br></font></div></font></div></div></font></div><=
/div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>I thank you for t=
he peace.&nbsp;<div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=
=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family:helvetica,arial;font-size:10=
pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe34e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d=
"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family:=
 arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4feb=
-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div sty=
le=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_=
8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D=
"arial"><div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size:=
 10pt; font-family: arial;">



</font><br>







<div style=3D"color: black;"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" sty=
le=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">-----Urspr=C3=BCnglic=
he Mitteilung----- </font><br>



<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-f=
amily: helvetica, arial;">Von: Dino Farinacci &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:farinacc=
i@gmail.com">farinacci@gmail.com</a>&gt;</font><br>



<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-f=
amily: helvetica, arial;">An: heinerhummel &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:heinerhumme=
l@aol.com">heinerhummel@aol.com</a>&gt;</font><br>



<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-f=
amily: helvetica, arial;">Cc: gih &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:gih@apnic.net">gih@a=
pnic.net</a>&gt;; ggx &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ggx@gigix.net">ggx@gigix.net</a>=
&gt;; lisp &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a>&gt;</font>=
<br>



<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-f=
amily: helvetica, arial;">Verschickt: Sa, 12 Jan 2013 10:11 pm</font><br>



<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-f=
amily: helvetica, arial;">Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.t=
xt back in workgroup</font><br>



<br>













<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975">

<blockquote type=3D"cite" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, a=
rial;"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-=
family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2=
" face=3D"arial"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Well spoken. Ag=
ain, after the short late-night email, because:</font>
</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



</div>



<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-f=
amily: helvetica, arial;">Since you were subjective on your comments I will b=
e direct and to the point in my responses. But only direct to your comments t=
hat are clear.&nbsp;</font>



<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><blockquote t=
ype=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-=
family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2=
" face=3D"arial">



<div>1) There is a long list of deficiencies which LISP maintains and which a=
re due to clinging to&nbsp;</div>









<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp;paradigms like=
 prefix building, DiffServ </font></div>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div><br>



</div>



Do you mean map-cache caching. I don't know what you mean by prefix building=
. EID-prefixes are assigned to LISP sites just like prefixes are assigned to=
day. There is no operational difference.&nbsp;</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=3D=
"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">HH: I mean using prefixes AT ALL &nbsp; !!!: &=
nbsp;I know this is state of art in classical internet routing. LISP-TARA (y=
es, TARA is a loc-id-split solution) would reduce it be the same degree by w=
hich TARA routers were </font></div></div></div></div></font></div></div></f=
ont></div></div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>LISP d=
idn't have the goal to disrupt the current Internet. We wanted LISP sites to=
 talk to non-LISP sites. We wanted the architecture to be incrementally depl=
oyable.&nbsp;</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" s=
ize=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family:helvetica,arial;font-size=
:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe34e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81d=
e6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-fami=
ly: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4=
feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div s=
tyle=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_=
1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" fac=
e=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64=
f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975"><div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: h=
elvetica, arial;"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">deployed. Afte=
r all, you can't use prefixes for multicast or anycast either. As far as I k=
now IPv4- FIBs don't have any entries for multicast or anycast.</font></div>=






<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=3D=
"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Do you know whether IPv6 has a multicast-FIB a=
nd/or an anycast-FIB ? My guess is NO. Instead I believe that this is anothe=
r IETF-law that there is only 1 FIB :-(</font></div></div></div></div></font=
></div></div></font></div></div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><div>=
<br></div>IPv4 and IPv6 address usage is really identical. The real only dif=
ference is one is 4 times larger.&nbsp;</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"ci=
te"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-famil=
y:helvetica,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe34e8=
43-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"ari=
al"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"A=
OLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D"black" size=
=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: bl=
ack;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font co=
lor=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"color: black;"><d=
iv id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975">







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=3D=
"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp;<br>



</font><blockquote type=3D"cite" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"=
black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-=
family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2=
" face=3D"arial">



<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">bottom line "no interest in=
 knowing the traffic outside/beyond the packets' incoming waiting queues",et=
c.etc.</font></div>









<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp;(I don't want t=
o repeat it here)</font></div>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; "><br>



</div>



<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Diffswev code points are copied t=
o the outer header. And we have seen cases where carrier-in-carrier scenario=
s, it is a feature to hide such code points.&nbsp;</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=3D=
"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">HH: I am accusing the DiffServ philosophy, whi=
ch was once a counter movement to IntServ where available bandwidth capaciti=
es played a major role.</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=3D=
"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">The DiffServ philosophy prevented that ideas w=
ere cast &nbsp;to make routers &nbsp;aware of the traffic in the near surrou=
nding and to deal with it - even without connections a la SVC or LSP..&nbsp;=
<br></font></div></div></div></div></font></div></div></font></div></div></f=
ont></div></div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>But you seem to conflate t=
he two and hence my response.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div><blockquote typ=
e=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"fon=
t-family:helvetica,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1=
_fe34e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=
=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div i=
d=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D"black=
" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; col=
or: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><f=
ont color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"color: blac=
k;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975"><div style=
=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=3D"Apple-st=
yle-span" size=3D"2">



</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>


</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=3D=
"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>



</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=3D=
"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>



</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt;"><blockquote type=3D"cite" style=3D"font-size=
: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-=
size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2">





<div>2) LISP specifics:</div>









<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-sp=
an" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; a) Its structures are fixed though not even an i=
dea is cast how to form and handle Multicast- and Anycast-Locators.</font></=
div>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><br>



</div>



<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-family: helvetica,=
 arial; ">Not true. Both EID and Locator address formats are flexibly encode=
d. We have seen use-cases where EIDs could be used as Fedex tracking numbers=
 or VIN numbers (Vehicle ID Numbers). And we have seen Locators encoded as m=
ulti-tuple addresses that include Geo-Coordinates.&nbsp;</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



<blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-=
family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2=
" face=3D"arial">





<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
 Anycast services (nearest hospital, nearest rescuer, nearest parking lot, n=
earest gas station, etc.) aren't considered at all.</font></div>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div><br>



</div>



An EID can be used as an anycast address where the database lookup can decid=
e which locators to return. And Locators can be&nbsp;<span style=3D"-webkit-=
tap-highlight-color: rgba(26, 26, 26, 0.296875); -webkit-composition-fill-co=
lor: rgba(175, 192, 227, 0.230469); -webkit-composition-frame-color: rgba(77=
, 128, 180, 0.230469); ">anycast addresses as well to encapsulate packets to=
 the closest locator. Nothing needs to be designed in the protocol to make t=
his happen.&nbsp;</span></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>


</div>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



<blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-=
family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2=
" face=3D"arial">





<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
Most of the anycast services have to be scoped (it makes no sense to dissemi=
nate "I am an empty parking lot in Munich." all over Germany/world)</font></=
div>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div><br>



</div>



Since LISP uses a pull database, there is no dissemination in the mapping sy=
stem.&nbsp;</div>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>


</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">HH:&nbsp;</di=
v>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">Does your dat=
abase ask back "where are you, user, so that I can send you the right locato=
r "?</div></div></div></div></font></div></div></font></div></div></font></d=
iv></div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>Yes it does. That is what Map-No=
tify messages do.&nbsp;</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D=
"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family:helvetica,arial;=
font-size:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe34e843-cb09-4de3-b641-=
4105ac81de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"=
font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd4=
50-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"ari=
al"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"A=
OLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font color=3D"black" size=
=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPar=
t_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975">





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">By your descr=
iption that database is an anycast server .&nbsp;</div></div></div></div></f=
ont></div></div></font></div></div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><d=
iv><br></div>How is accessed can be with unique unicast locators or anycast l=
ocators assigned to the Map-Resolvers.&nbsp;</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D=
"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-fa=
mily:helvetica,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe3=
4e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"=
arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D=
"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D"black" si=
ze=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: b=
lack;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font c=
olor=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"color: black;"><=
div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975">





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">Do you envisi=
on that the users are mobile and will repeat their query every now and then ?=
 Don't you be afraid of &nbsp;bottle necks ?</div></div></div></div></font><=
/div></div></font></div></div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><b=
r></div>They can but it is not required. When MNs get new locators they regi=
ster them to the mapping database.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>ITRs are n=
otified by the moving MN so they are informed to do a new lookup to get a ne=
wer set of locators.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div><blockquote type=3D"cite=
"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family:=
helvetica,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe34e843=
-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial=
"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOL=
MsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D"black" size=3D=
"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black=
;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font color=
=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"color: black;"><div i=
d=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975">





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">Note, one asp=
ect of the scalability was the update churn. Your PULL solution will create &=
nbsp;query churns to few (how few?) such databases. This will hamper the gen=
eral</div></div></div></div></font></div></div></font></div></div></font></d=
iv></div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>It is a single update to the map=
ping system (in practice it is two Map-Servers) and updates to xTRs that are=
 the top talking&nbsp;EIDs.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div><blockquote type=3D=
"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-fa=
mily:helvetica,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe3=
4e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"=
arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D=
"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D"black" si=
ze=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: b=
lack;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font c=
olor=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"color: black;"><=
div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975">



<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">operability o=
f the internet itself.</div>



<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">An anycast se=
rvice typically needs &nbsp;a scope (see mentioned examples above). The </di=
v></div></div></div></font></div></div></font></div></div></font></div></div=
></font></blockquote><div><br></div>This is not an anycast service. You just=
 think it is. The architecture DOES NOT require the Map-Resolvers to have th=
e SAME assigned address.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div><blockquote type=3D"=
cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-fam=
ily:helvetica,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe34=
e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"a=
rial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D=
"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D"black" si=
ze=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: b=
lack;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font c=
olor=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"color: black;"><=
div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975"><div style=3D"f=
ont-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">areas your databases are res=
ponsible for won't &nbsp;comply with the area any particular anycast service=
 is limited to. In short: it doesn't fit at all!</div>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>


</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=3D=
"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">



<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial;">&nbsp;</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt;"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">=
<br>



</font></div>



</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">Anyone that w=
ants to talk to the EID will need to cache the locators but only in those lo=
cations.&nbsp;</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



<blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-=
family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2=
" face=3D"arial">





<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
and I doubt that LISP-PULL fits in. Also: By dealing only with unicast, LISP=
 does not provide and bits to differentiate between unicast, multicast,...</=
font></div>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div><br>



</div>



Because the existing semantics are used. Class D encodings for IPv4 and firs=
t-byte 0xFF for IPv6.&nbsp;</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=3D=
"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">HH:Why so shy? You have a brand new (LISP) hea=
der and can do what you want and should be interested in fast forwarding. Th=
ere is unicast, multicast, anycast, mp2mp, mp2p and broadcast to be differen=
tiated. That could be done better than by address range differentiation</fon=
t></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



<blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-=
family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2=
" face=3D"arial">





<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;</font>=
&nbsp; b) GRE-tunnel nesting is a great bail out. A new concept however shou=
ld try to avoid it as much as possible .LISP however prefers&nbsp;</div>









<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
 &nbsp;LISP-header nesting rather than enlisting transits inside of ONE exte=
nded LISP-header.</font></div>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div><br>



</div>



LISP does re-encapsulating tunnels as well. See definition of RTRs in the TE=
 and NAT-traversal Internet Drafts.&nbsp;</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><font class=3D=
"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">HH: Sure, but there are cases (detours) where e=
mploying a list of transit nodes is simpler than multiple pairs of &nbsp;ITR=
 and ETR .</font></div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



<blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-=
family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2=
" face=3D"arial">





<div>3) LISP-DDT specific:</div>









<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; It will kill I=
Pv4 and I honestly think about writing to the IESG and explain to the IESG w=
hy, and why this is not just a &nbsp;bug that can be repaired whithin&nbsp;<=
/font></div>



</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div><br>



</div>



This makes no sense. Why would it kill IPv4 and not IPv6?</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">DDT uses the i=
terative lookup model that DNS uses. Those properties are well known and we h=
ave a lot of experience with them.&nbsp;</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



<blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-=
family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2=
" face=3D"arial">





<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">&nbsp; &nbsp; LISP-DDT. Her=
e only this: At first I thought LISP-DDT is doomed to fail, but being the co=
ffin nail for IPv4 is the alternate and even worse consequence.</font></div>=




</font></div>



</div>



</font></blockquote>



<div><br>



</div>



Can you back the claim up with some data and technical commentary.&nbsp;</di=
v>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>


</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">If you do, I w=
ould be glad to continue this thread.&nbsp;</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>



</div>







<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;">Dino</div>

<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; font-family: helvetica, arial;"><br>
</div>







<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial;">


<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt;"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">=
HH:</font></div>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt;"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">=
Dino, your original LISP envisioned several versions: LISP2.0 using DNS and o=
thers, </font></div></div></div></div></div></font></div></div></font></div>=
</div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>That was when LI=
SP was in research mode in the RRG. Once we went into the IETF we made some d=
ecisions on how to make the mapping database system modular.&nbsp;</div><div=
><br></div><div>This effort has been going for 6 years. So if one is in and o=
ut you may not see the final design.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div><blockqu=
ote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=
=3D"font-family:helvetica,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMs=
gPart_1_fe34e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"=
2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;=
"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D=
"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetic=
a; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc=
1f"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"color=
: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975"><div=
 style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial;"><div style=3D"font-size: 10pt;"><f=
ont class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">one of &nbsp;which then became the=
 preferred one.</font></div>





<div>Many years have passed and we now encounter not only the scalability pr=
oblem but also the ipv4 unicast address depletion problem.</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>The honorable intention of LISP was to support IPv4 rather than to pull=
 over to IPv6. I am sure you agree.</div></div></div></div></div></font></di=
v></div></font></div></div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><br><=
/div>The intention was to support any type of EIDs. And if you look at the e=
ffort in the nvo3 working group shows that MAC addresses could be used as</d=
iv><div>EIDs where a layer-2 LISP is created (also known as VXLAN).&nbsp;</d=
iv><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D=
"arial"><div style=3D"font-family:helvetica,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black=
"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe34e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=3D=
"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetic=
a; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82=
b0"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-famil=
y: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44=
a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><=
div style=3D"color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-=
d13613b7b975"><div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial;">

<div>(IPv6 has so much address space, enough to address fractions of any squ=
are inch of the globe, i.e. could esily encompass any locator info. &nbsp;Bu=
t, I think, neglecting ipv4 would be irresponsible. I am sure you agree agai=
n.)&nbsp;</div></div></div></div></div></font></div></div></font></div></div=
></font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>We want to solve mult=
i homing, VPNs, and mobility problems for all address</div><div>families.&nb=
sp;</div><div><br></div><div><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black"=
 size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family:helvetica,arial;font-si=
ze:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe34e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac8=
1de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-fa=
mily: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918=
-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><di=
v style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPa=
rt_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" f=
ace=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db=
64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975"><div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, aria=
l;">

<div><br>
</div>

<div>LOC-ID-SPLIT not only meant &nbsp;"routing based on the locator to the e=
gress-site" but also</div>

<div>to identify any host by the info-doublet {ID=3Dipv4 address ; LOC=3D lo=
cator} in a globally unique way, in case the iPv4 address by itself cannot b=
e globally unique &nbsp;anymore due to the ipv4 unicast address depletion pr=
oblem.</div></div></div></div></div></font></div></div></font></div></div></=
font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>True - but Darrel and I c=
an share our home's 192.168.1.0/24 space. So arguably we have a feature. If y=
ou solve the shortest path mobility problem you get VPN support for free.&nb=
sp;</div><div><br></div><div><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black"=
 size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family:helvetica,arial;font-si=
ze:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe34e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac8=
1de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-fa=
mily: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918=
-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><di=
v style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPa=
rt_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" f=
ace=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db=
64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975"><div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, aria=
l;">

<div>Put in different words: the ipv4 address of any host must (only) be uni=
que per that site which is indicated by the respective &nbsp;locator.</div><=
/div></div></div></div></font></div></div></font></div></div></font></div></=
div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>Yes - that is right. But the Internet=
 system requires that not LISP.&nbsp;</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite=
"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family:=
helvetica,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe34e843=
-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial=
"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOL=
MsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D"black" size=3D=
"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black=
;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font color=
=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"color: black;"><div i=
d=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975"><div style=3D"font-f=
amily: helvetica, arial;">

<div><br>
</div>

<div>(1)Provided that this is still a basic assumption of the LISP-group I c=
onclude: LISP-DDT will fail for sure.</div></div></div></div></div></font></=
div></div></font></div></div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><br=
></div>I don't follow.&nbsp;</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font c=
olor=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family:helvetica=
,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe34e843-cb09-4de=
3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div st=
yle=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1=
_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=
=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div i=
d=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font color=3D"black=
" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"color: black;"><div id=3D"AOL=
MsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975"><div style=3D"font-family: h=
elvetica, arial;">

<div>(2)Provided that LISP expects that there cannot be any further hosts wi=
th IPv4 addresses after all ipv4 unicast addresses are used up I conclude: L=
ISP-DDT kills IPv4.</div></div></div></div></div></font></div></div></font><=
/div></div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>You are thi=
nking that DDT Is so proactive to kill an address family. I</div><div>Wish w=
e could have technology that could kill thinks but I'm afraid it</div><div>I=
sn't that simple.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div><blockquote type=3D"cite"><=
font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family:hel=
vetica,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe34e843-cb=
09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><=
div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsg=
Part_1_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2=
" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"=
><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font color=3D=
"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"color: black;"><div id=3D=
"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975"><div style=3D"font-famil=
y: helvetica, arial;">

<div><br>
</div>

<div>Why:</div>

<div>It is a MUST to get the&nbsp;info-doublet {ID=3Dipv4 address ; LOC=3D l=
ocator} by one single query !!! Period.!!!</div></div></div></div></div></fo=
nt></div></div></font></div></div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><di=
v><br></div>Read the specs. That is not true.&nbsp;</div><div><br><blockquot=
e type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D=
"font-family:helvetica,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPa=
rt_1_fe34e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" f=
ace=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><d=
iv id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=3D"b=
lack" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica;=
 color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f=
"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"color: b=
lack;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975"><div st=
yle=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial;">

<div>Analogous example:</div>

<div>Imagine, you have to write a letter to Mr. Li (there are about 20 milli=
on people with this name), you only write this name on the envelope and ask t=
he officer at your (ingress) post office to add the address of Mr. Li all by=
 himself/herself (because &nbsp;he/she might have a database &nbsp;with all a=
ddresses of all persons in the world &nbsp;- btw which of course is not true=
). Facit: That cannot work !!!</div></div></div></div></div></font></div></d=
iv></font></div></div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><br></div>=
Address have to be unique within a VPN or an Internet. LISP did not put in t=
his rule or restriction from your point of view.&nbsp;</div><div><br><blockq=
uote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div styl=
e=3D"font-family:helvetica,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLM=
sgPart_1_fe34e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D=
"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black=
;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=
=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helve=
tica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57a=
acc1f"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"co=
lor: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975"><=
div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial;">

<div><br>
</div>

<div>Hence:</div>

<div>The FQDN must be converted to&nbsp;{ID=3Dipv4 address ; LOC=3D locator}=
 by one single query, i.e. must be done by the host itself, i.e. the host mu=
st prepend the LISP header ! Eventually the ingress router might intercept t=
he DNS-query and act as a proxy, but even if so, the query must be sent to t=
he DNS and to no other database !</div></div></div></div></div></font></div>=
</div></font></div></div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><div><br></d=
iv>Dude - DNS can deal with this today when NATs are in use. You make it sou=
nd like LISP introduces this problem.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div><blockq=
uote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div styl=
e=3D"font-family:helvetica,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black"><div id=3D"AOLM=
sgPart_1_fe34e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=3D"black" size=3D=
"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black=
;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=
=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helve=
tica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57a=
acc1f"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><div style=3D"co=
lor: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975"><=
div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial;">

<div><br>
</div>

<div>Sorry Dino, &nbsp;your defending DDT (how much better it is compared to=
 LISP2.0 (DNS) couldn't convince me at all.</div></div></div></div></div></f=
ont></div></div></font></div></div></font></div></div></font></blockquote><d=
iv><br></div>Just sit back and watch Heiner. We never said DDT is DNS. We ha=
ve said it uses the iterative lookup model like DNS. And the nodes are confi=
gured like a DNS hierarchy. So people can understand how the mapping databas=
e can be managed by multiple organizations and possibly the same TYPE if too=
ls that are used for the DNS system.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>Dino</di=
v><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D=
"arial"><div style=3D"font-family:helvetica,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black=
"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe34e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=3D=
"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetic=
a; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82=
b0"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div style=3D"font-famil=
y: arial, helvetica; color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44=
a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><div><=
div style=3D"color: black;"><div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-=
d13613b7b975"><div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial;">

<div><br>
</div>

<div>Heiner</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>&nbsp;</div>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt;"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">=
&nbsp;</font></div>





<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt;"><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">=
<br>


</font></div>



<blockquote type=3D"cite" style=3D"font-size: 10pt;"><font color=3D"black" s=
ize=3D"2" face=3D"arial">



<div style=3D"color: black; ">



<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"font-=
family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; "><font color=3D"black" size=3D"2=
" face=3D"arial">





<div><br>




</div>









<div><br>
</div>

<div>




<br>











<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; font-size: 10pt; color: black; "=
>-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung----- <br>





Von: Geoff Huston &lt;<a>gih@apnic.net</a>&gt;<br>





An: Luigi Iannone &lt;<a>ggx@gigix.net</a>&gt;<br>





Cc: LISP mailing list list &lt;<a>lisp@ietf.org</a>&gt;<br>





Verschickt: Mi, 9 Jan 2013 9:57 pm<br>





Betreff: Re: [lisp] draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03.txt back in workgroup<br>





<br>

















<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_0_fabb93d1-e997-4250-905d-4d95d7dfd962" style=3D"margi=
n: 0px;font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, Sans-Serif;font-size: 12px;color=
: #000;background-color: #fff;">

<pre style=3D"font-size: 9pt;"><tt>
On 09/01/2013, at 11:02 PM, Luigi Iannone &lt;<a>ggx@gigix.net</a>&gt; wrote=
:

&gt; Hi Geoff,
&gt;=20
&gt; On 8 Jan. 2013, at 20:21 , Geoff Huston &lt;<a>gih@apnic.net</a>&gt; wr=
ote:
&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt; On 08/01/2013, at 9:34 PM, SM &lt;<a>sm@resistor.net</a>&gt; wrote:=

&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; Hi Terry,
&gt;&gt;&gt; At 22:03 07-01-2013, Terry Manderson wrote:
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; However, before the WG starts to rework the document, I wou=
ld first like to
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; canvass the LISP WG as to your opinions.
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; 1) Should we, as a WG, continue to work on this item? Is it=
=20
necessary/useful
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; for LISP?
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; The work item seems useful.
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; 2) If so, what direction should the WG take this document s=
o that the LISP
&gt;&gt;&gt;&gt; experiment is best served?
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; The problem is justifying the IP address space allocation and e=
xplaining how=20
it will be managed.
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;&gt; My guess is that the working group took an ORCHID approach (cop=
y and paste=20
:-)).  I suggest dropping the idea of calling it a very large-scale experime=
nt. =20
The unstated problem is about politics.  I suggest taking a look at=20
draft-lear-lisp-nerd-09.  It contains a good discussion of operational model=
s=20
and the trade-offs.
&gt;&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt; I was on the IAB at the time that ORCHID was being considered - the=
 issue=20
there was to find a balance between enough bits for acceptable crypto and ba=
sic=20
conservatism in the absolute size of the request - at the time a /28 appeare=
d to=20
be a suitable compromise considering that this was an experiment.
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;&gt; Given that this is an experiment and that the transition from exper=
iment to=20
widespread deployment may well entail renumbering (as was the case with the=20=

6bone) then one approach may well be to use a modest prefix that has a limit=
ed=20
capacity that would force renumbering in the shift from experiment to widesp=
read=20
adoption, if such occurs in the future.
&gt;&gt;=20
&gt;=20
&gt; I may be mistake but I do not see the renumbering need in the LISP case=
.


It all depends on the philosophy behind experimental allocations. If we were=
 to=20
assume that each and every single experiment in IPv6, including all forms of=
=20
cryptographically generated addresses, all forms of transitional mechanisms,=
 all=20
forms of address plans and all forms of routing experiments were each to req=
uest=20
an experimental allocation that was "once and forever" and assumed at the ou=
tset=20
that the experiment would result in comprehensive deployment over a network m=
any=20
many times larger than today's then I hope you can appreciate that we'd not h=
ave=20
enough space to accommodate each and every experiment's requirements in the I=
Pv6=20
space.

So the conventional philosophy behind experimental allocations is to use eno=
ugh=20
space to allow the experiment to operate and to gain experience with the=20
technology. If this proves to be useful and taken up by the industry (and of=
=20
course this process involves is by no means an assured outcome - quite the=20=

opposite in fact) then its again conventional to look at how to support the=20=

technology within the existing token distribution framework, or whether its=20=

appropriate to make changes to the token distribution framework. Now obvious=
ly=20
some proponents of every experiment see universal adoption of their particul=
ar=20
technology as a given, including some LISP proponents no doubt. So of course=
 we=20
see many (most?) experiment proponents proudly proclaim that they are unique=
ly=20
different and obviously their particular experiment will naturally result in=
=20
universal deployment, so why not assume that happy outcome at the outset of t=
he=20
experiment and allocate resources at a scale commensurate w
 ith their no doubt certain universal deployment in the not-so-distant futur=
e?=20
But wishing it, no matter how enthusiastic you may be personally, does not m=
ake=20
it so. A prudent approach in a space that has seen, and is likely to see, ma=
ny=20
experiments proposed, is generally to provision resources to conduct the=20
experiment at the scale of the experiment and if the experiment leads to=20
someplace positive then look at what is required if the technology is to hea=
d to=20
larger levels of deployment.
=20

&gt; The prefix request was written in such a way to reduce renumbering, rat=
her=20
making the prefix "bigger" so to accommodate the growth. This would also be a=
n=20
easy change, rather then adding different prefix blocks just change the leng=
th=20
of the existing prefix.

I am continually confused by the assumptions behind this assertion, and I've=
=20
heard this assumption a number of times in the course of the consideration o=
f=20
this draft. If LISP is so fragile that it requires a very particular deploye=
d=20
address structure in order to operate, then frankly we could do precisely th=
e=20
same in BGP and achieve better results because of avoidance of tunnelling. I=
=20
find it somewhat strange to see this adamant view that LISP absolutely requi=
res=20
a uniquely structured address plan in order to achieve any useful outcome in=
=20
terms of scalable routing, at a cost of increased latency and exposure to=20=

vagaries of tunnel behaviour, while at the same time ignoring the simple=20
observation that if one were to do the same surgery on the address plan in B=
GP=20
the outcomes would likely to be just as good if not better, without the nega=
tive=20
factors of map-resolution-related latency and tunnelling.

&gt;=20
&gt; I think this is something to keep in the future document(s).

And I strongly disagree with your opinion. If we did this for every experime=
nt=20
that we encounter that proposes some unique address plan that is intended to=
=20
improve security, routing scaleability, auto-configuration, pre-provisioning=
,=20
network virtualization, software programability, etc etc, then once more we a=
re=20
going to find ourselves contemplating address exhaustion in IPv6 far sooner t=
han=20
anyone would've rationally anticipated.

Geoff

_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
<a>lisp@ietf.org</a>
<a>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a>
</tt></pre>
</div>





=20



</div>





</div>





</font></div>









<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea"><font class=3D=
"Apple-style-span" face=3D"arial" size=3D"2"><br>




</font></div>









<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea"><font class=3D=
"Apple-style-span" face=3D"arial" size=3D"2"><br>




</font></div>









<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea"><font class=3D=
"Apple-style-span" face=3D"arial" size=3D"2"><br>




</font>
</div>









<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_2_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea"><font class=3D=
"Apple-style-span" face=3D"arial" size=3D"2"><br>




</font></div>




=20






<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_3_53d06dbb-f8af-49c6-b232-bd12bd20cdea" style=3D"margi=
n-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-fa=
mily: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(0, 0, 0=
); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">

<pre style=3D"font-size: 9pt;"><tt>_________________________________________=
______
lisp mailing list
<a>lisp@ietf.org</a>
<a>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a>
</tt></pre>
</div>




=20



</div>




</font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite" style=3D"font-size: 10pt;">



<div><span>_______________________________________________</span><br>



<span>lisp mailing list</span><br>



<span><a>lisp@ietf.org</a></span><br>



<span><a>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a></span><br>



</div>



</blockquote></div>




</div>



=20



</div>



</div>



</font>
</div>


=20



</div>



</font></div>

=20



</div>


</font></div>
 <!-- end of AOLMsgPart_1_fe34e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d -->



</div>
</font></blockquote><blockquote type=3D"cite"><div><span>___________________=
____________________________</span><br><span>lisp mailing list</span><br><sp=
an><a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a></span><br><span><a hre=
f=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp">https://www.ietf.org/mailma=
n/listinfo/lisp</a></span><br></div></blockquote></div></body></html>=

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Hi Dino,



Fine, LISP wants to serve multiple types of EIDs (IPv4, IPv6, Mac, E164 (to=
o?) .


So I take for granted that LISP (still) wants to serve  IPv4-addressed EIDs=
 also when globally uniqueness of IPv4 addresses cannot be  maintained anym=
ore due to the IPv4 unicast address depletion issue.




Scenario which I think MUST run as follows :
Source host A wants to send an email to destination host B.
At first it must send out a DNS-query indicating the FQDN for B. DNS MUST s=
end back the info-doublet=20
{non-globally unique IPv4 address of B; locator of B}. Thereafter, host A M=
UST send IP packets with prepended LISP Headers to the ingress router !!!
If it only sends the packet with its IP header containing the destination h=
ost's non-globally unique IPv4 address, the ingress router won't be able to=
 get to know the proper locator of B !!!!!!!!=20


As far as I know, LISP tries to avoid bothering the hosts. But you cannot s=
tick to this objective with ipv4 host addresses loosing their globally uniq=
ueness.


Not long ago, I think it was on the rrg-list, voices were raised "why not i=
nvolving hosts". But no one mentioned this
argument of absolute necessity.


Returning the info-doublet {non-globally unique IPv4 address of B; locator =
of B} in one single stroke can only by done based on FQDN as the key which =
makes me conclude can only be done by DNS and not by DDT or any other datab=
ase.


There will be a second issue: How to handle non-globally unique IPv4.
IMO it is an overdoing if IPv4-addresses have only to be unique  at their (=
single) specific site which is indicated by the locator.=20
According to my TARA concept, the EID's IPv4 addresses have to be unique pe=
r geopatch (whereby the geopatch# is 2 out of 5 octets of the locator).
There is more to say on this topic. But we first of all need a mutual agree=
ment on the first topic above.


Heiner




















=20








 =20






=20

=20

----------MB_8CFC30CCBF7182A_1808_E8C24_webmail-m070.sysops.aol.com
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"

<font color=3D'black' size=3D'2' face=3D'arial'>
<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; color: black; ">

<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_d32d7c61-6739-488e-a840-4d37e2f7309e">

<font color=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial"><font class=3D"Apple-style-=
span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; ">Hi Dino,</font>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-size: 10pt; =
"><br>

</font>

<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; color: black; ">

<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_666423f8-7666-4042-ab23-4f04089b0de8">

<div>Fine, LISP wants to serve multiple types of EIDs (IPv4, IPv6, Mac, E16=
4 (too?) .
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>So I take for granted that LISP (still) wants to serve &nbsp;IPv4-addr=
essed EIDs also when globally uniqueness of IPv4 addresses cannot be &nbsp;=
maintained anymore due to the IPv4 unicast address depletion issue.</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>Scenario which I think MUST run as follows :</div>

<div>Source host A wants to send an email to destination host B.</div>

<div>At first it must send out a DNS-query indicating the FQDN for B. DNS M=
UST send back the info-doublet&nbsp;</div>

<div>{non-globally unique IPv4 address of B; locator of B}. Thereafter, hos=
t A MUST send IP packets with prepended LISP Headers to the ingress router =
!!!</div>

<div>If it only sends the packet with its IP header containing the destinat=
ion host's non-globally unique IPv4 address, the ingress router won't be ab=
le to get to know the proper locator of B !!!!!!!!&nbsp;</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>As far as I know, LISP tries to avoid bothering the hosts. But you can=
not stick to this objective with ipv4 host addresses loosing their globally=
 uniqueness.</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>Not long ago, I think it was on the rrg-list, voices were raised "why =
not involving hosts". But no one mentioned this</div>

<div>argument of absolute necessity.</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>Returning the info-doublet&nbsp;{non-globally unique IPv4 address of B=
; locator of B} in one single stroke can only by done based on FQDN as the =
key which makes me conclude can only be done by DNS and not by DDT or any o=
ther database.</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>There will be a second issue: How to handle non-globally unique IPv4.<=
/div>

<div>IMO it is an overdoing if IPv4-addresses have only to be unique &nbsp;=
at their (single) specific site which is indicated by the locator.&nbsp;</d=
iv>

<div>According to my TARA concept, the EID's IPv4 addresses have to be uniq=
ue per geopatch (whereby the geopatch# is 2 out of 5 octets of the locator)=
.</div>

<div>There is more to say on this topic. But we first of all need a mutual =
agreement on the first topic above.</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>Heiner</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div>&nbsp;</div>

<div><br>
</div>

<div style=3D"font-size: 10pt; "><blockquote type=3D"cite"><font color=3D"b=
lack" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">
<div style=3D"font-family:helvetica,arial;font-size:10pt;color:black">
<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_fe34e843-cb09-4de3-b641-4105ac81de6d"><font color=
=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">
<div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;">
<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_669bd450-2918-4feb-abb3-61fbdccf82b0"><font color=
=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">
<div style=3D"font-family: arial, helvetica; color: black;">
<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_8636aded-7f97-44a8-b7e8-1dda57aacc1f"><font color=
=3D"black" size=3D"2" face=3D"arial">
<div>
<div style=3D"color: black;">
<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_1_a6db64f0-4819-4377-ae9b-d13613b7b975">
<div style=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial;">
<div>&nbsp;&nbsp;</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</font></div>
</div>
</font></div>
</div>
</font></div>
</div>
</font></blockquote></div>


</div>

 <!-- end of AOLMsgPart_1_666423f8-7666-4042-ab23-4f04089b0de8 -->



</div>

</div>

</font>
</div>
 <!-- end of AOLMsgPart_1_d32d7c61-6739-488e-a840-4d37e2f7309e -->
</div>
</font>
----------MB_8CFC30CCBF7182A_1808_E8C24_webmail-m070.sysops.aol.com--

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From: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
In-Reply-To: <8CFC30CCBE1ABC1-1808-4680D@webmail-m070.sysops.aol.com>
Date: Thu, 17 Jan 2013 13:40:14 -0800
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To: heinerhummel@aol.com
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Subject: Re: [lisp] LISP and IPv4
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--Apple-Mail=_E84FBDE5-1621-476E-80EB-D1E591D13081
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/plain;
	charset=us-ascii

> Hi Dino,
>=20
> Fine, LISP wants to serve multiple types of EIDs (IPv4, IPv6, Mac, =
E164 (too?) .

Right.

> So I take for granted that LISP (still) wants to serve  IPv4-addressed =
EIDs also when globally uniqueness of IPv4 addresses cannot be  =
maintained anymore due to the IPv4 unicast address depletion issue.

Right.

> Scenario which I think MUST run as follows :
> Source host A wants to send an email to destination host B.
> At first it must send out a DNS-query indicating the FQDN for B. DNS =
MUST send back the info-doublet=20
> {non-globally unique IPv4 address of B; locator of B}. Thereafter, =
host A MUST send IP packets with prepended LISP Headers to the ingress =
router !!!

It must not do anything of the sort. We do not want to change DNS. We do =
not require any new support from DNS.

You may be trying to solve some other problem and think LISP can either =
solve it, or if you think LISP cannot solve it, you think LISP is broken =
in this context.  ;-)

> If it only sends the packet with its IP header containing the =
destination host's non-globally unique IPv4 address, the ingress router =
won't be able to get to know the proper locator of B !!!!!!!!=20

Outbound packets from a network that is privately address must be sent =
to a publicly addressed system. Like your house that uses private =
addresses and wants to send to www.yahoo.com. Of course, a NAT is at =
your house that will translate the source of these outbound packets to a =
global address so www.yahoo.com can return packets to you.

If LISP is running at your house, the private address is the EID, and =
the NAT translated it to a PUBLIC EID, then the packet gets encapsulated =
by a LISP box with PUBLIC locators.

> As far as I know, LISP tries to avoid bothering the hosts. But you =
cannot stick to this objective with ipv4 host addresses loosing their =
globally uniqueness.

I'll just say many of us are running LISP behind NAT boxes at our homes. =
 ;-)

> Not long ago, I think it was on the rrg-list, voices were raised "why =
not involving hosts". But no one mentioned this
> argument of absolute necessity.

We want LISP to be deployed as soon as possible. Keeping hosts out of =
the change-set of devices will allow it to happen sooner. We are on our =
6.25 year anniversary from when LISP started in RRG.

> Returning the info-doublet {non-globally unique IPv4 address of B; =
locator of B} in one single stroke can only by done based on FQDN as the =
key which makes me conclude can only be done by DNS and not by DDT or =
any other database.

DNS maps from name to EID, DDT helps Map-Resolvers get Map-Requests to =
Map-Servers so an EID can be resolved to a locator. See the two slides =
enclosed. The first slide shows the API between ITRs and MRs and ETRs =
and MSes. And the second slides shows you how all MRs get connected to =
all MSes.

> There will be a second issue: How to handle non-globally unique IPv4.
> IMO it is an overdoing if IPv4-addresses have only to be unique  at =
their (single) specific site which is indicated by the locator.=20

Heiner, let me put it another way. We purposely don't put any machinery =
in to help or hurt the private versus public issue. We just try to get =
LISP to work in the existing IPv4 world. And hopefully, if IPv6 =
designers don't repeat the mistakes of IPv4, we will only have IPv6 =
global addresses (and no NATs).=20

And if the IPv6 designers choose to not repeat the mistakes, you can =
sleep soundly at night. ;-) Otherwise, LISP will work with IPv6 NATs =
like it does with IPv4 NATs.

> According to my TARA concept, the EID's IPv4 addresses have to be =
unique per geopatch (whereby the geopatch# is 2 out of 5 octets of the =
locator).
> There is more to say on this topic. But we first of all need a mutual =
agreement on the first topic above.

And what if you want to talk outside of that boundary? What we suggest =
to network administrators is that two LISP VPNs can use the same =
10.0.0.0/8 space (and the mapping system distinguish these EIDs by =
instance-IDs and the use of global locators). They can talk with unique =
addresses WITHIN the VPN and they can even talk cross VPNs AS LONG AS =
THE ADDRESSES don't clash. When they do, a NAT IS REQUIRED.=20

No magic here.

> Heiner

Dino




>  =20


--Apple-Mail=_E84FBDE5-1621-476E-80EB-D1E591D13081
Content-Type: multipart/related;
	type="text/html";
	boundary="Apple-Mail=_CE32775D-C7EB-4DEF-BD17-04C0E6C29D98"


--Apple-Mail=_CE32775D-C7EB-4DEF-BD17-04C0E6C29D98
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html;
	charset=us-ascii

<html><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><blockquote type=3D"cite">Hi =
Dino,<br><br>Fine, LISP wants to serve multiple types of EIDs (IPv4, =
IPv6, Mac, E164 (too?) =
.<br></blockquote><div><br></div>Right.<div><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">So I take for granted that LISP (still) wants to serve =
&nbsp;IPv4-addressed EIDs also when globally uniqueness of IPv4 =
addresses cannot be &nbsp;maintained anymore due to the&nbsp;IPv4 =
unicast address depletion =
issue.<br></blockquote><div><br></div>Right.</div><div><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">Scenario which I think MUST run as follows :<br>Source =
host A wants to send an email to destination host B.<br>At first it must =
send out a DNS-query indicating the FQDN for B. DNS MUST send back the =
info-doublet&nbsp;<br>{non-globally unique IPv4 address of B; locator of =
B}. Thereafter, host A MUST send IP packets with prepended LISP Headers =
to the ingress router !!!<br></blockquote><div><br></div>It must not do =
anything of the sort. We do not want to change DNS. We do not require =
any new support from DNS.</div><div><br></div><div>You may be trying to =
solve some other problem and think LISP can either solve it, or if you =
think LISP cannot solve it, you think LISP is broken in this context. =
&nbsp;;-)</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">If it only sends the =
packet with its IP header containing the destination host's non-globally =
unique IPv4 address, the ingress router won't be able to get to know the =
proper&nbsp;locator of B =
!!!!!!!!&nbsp;<br></blockquote><div><br></div>Outbound packets from a =
network that is privately address must be sent to a publicly addressed =
system. Like your house that uses private addresses and wants to send to =
<a href=3D"http://www.yahoo.com">www.yahoo.com</a>. Of course, a NAT is =
at your house that will translate the source of these outbound packets =
to a global address so <a href=3D"http://www.yahoo.com">www.yahoo.com</a> =
can return packets to you.</div><div><br></div><div>If LISP is running =
at your house, the private address is the EID, and the NAT translated it =
to a PUBLIC EID, then the packet gets encapsulated by a LISP box with =
PUBLIC locators.</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">As far as I =
know, LISP tries to avoid bothering the hosts. But you cannot stick to =
this objective with ipv4 host addresses loosing their globally =
uniqueness.<br></blockquote><div><br></div>I'll just say many of us are =
running LISP behind NAT boxes at our homes. =
&nbsp;;-)</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">Not long ago, I think =
it was on the rrg-list, voices were raised "why not involving hosts". =
But no one mentioned this<br>argument of absolute =
necessity.<br></blockquote><div><br></div>We want LISP to be deployed as =
soon as possible. Keeping hosts out of the change-set of devices will =
allow it to happen sooner. We are on our 6.25 year anniversary from when =
LISP started in RRG.</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">Returning =
the info-doublet {non-globally unique IPv4 address of B; locator of B} =
in one single stroke can only by done based on FQDN as the key which =
makes me&nbsp;conclude can only be done by DNS and not by DDT or any =
other database.<br></blockquote><div><br></div>DNS maps from name to =
EID, DDT helps Map-Resolvers get Map-Requests to Map-Servers so an EID =
can be resolved to a locator. See the two slides enclosed. The first =
slide shows the API between ITRs and MRs and ETRs and MSes. And the =
second slides shows you how all MRs get connected to all =
MSes.</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">There will be a second =
issue: How to handle non-globally unique IPv4.<br>IMO it is an overdoing =
if IPv4-addresses have only to be unique &nbsp;at their (single) =
specific site which is indicated by the =
locator.&nbsp;<br></blockquote><div><br></div>Heiner, let me put it =
another way. We purposely don't put any machinery in to help or hurt the =
private versus public issue. We just try to get LISP to work in the =
existing IPv4 world. And hopefully, if IPv6 designers don't repeat the =
mistakes of IPv4, we will only have IPv6 global addresses (and no =
NATs).&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>And if the IPv6 designers choose =
to not repeat the mistakes, you can sleep soundly at night. ;-) =
Otherwise, LISP will work with IPv6 NATs like it does with IPv4 =
NATs.</div><div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">According to my TARA =
concept, the EID's IPv4 addresses have to be unique per geopatch =
(whereby the geopatch# is 2 out of 5 octets of the locator).<br>There is =
more to say on this topic. But we first of all need a mutual agreement =
on the first topic above.<br></blockquote><div><br></div>And what if you =
want to talk outside of that boundary? What we suggest to network =
administrators is that two LISP VPNs can use the same 10.0.0.0/8 space =
(and the mapping system distinguish these EIDs by instance-IDs and the =
use of global locators). They can talk with unique addresses WITHIN the =
VPN and they can even talk cross VPNs AS LONG AS THE ADDRESSES don't =
clash. When they do, a NAT IS =
REQUIRED.&nbsp;</div><div><br></div><div>No magic =
here.</div><div><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">Heiner</blockquote><div><br></div>Dino<br><div><br></div><im=
g id=3D"a72a494d-20fd-407a-8173-144c3011c5d7" height=3D"473" width=3D"623"=
 apple-width=3D"yes" apple-height=3D"yes" =
src=3D"cid:D59A888F-EC2F-4779-A598-BFFDECC31B04@colubris.lan"></div><div><=
br></div><div><img id=3D"c5fcd05e-ca74-4871-9f8e-0b157ac71b41" =
height=3D"466" width=3D"624" apple-width=3D"yes" apple-height=3D"yes" =
src=3D"cid:7C4D0EBE-8C52-480A-98B9-A8A4B7B9FCB3@colubris.lan"><br><blockqu=
ote type=3D"cite">&nbsp;&nbsp;</blockquote><br></div></body></html>=

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family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm =
4.0pt">
<div>
<div style=3D"border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm =
0cm 0cm">
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSu=
n">=B7=A2=BC=FE=C8=CB<span lang=3D"EN-US">:</span></span></b><span lang=3D"=
EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun"> softwires-bounces@iet=
f.org [mailto:softwires-bounces@ietf.org]
</span><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun">=B4=FA=B1=ED =
</span></b><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSu=
n">Andrew G. Malis<br>
</span><b><span style=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun">=B7=A2=CB=CD=
=CA=B1=BC=E4<span lang=3D"EN-US">:</span></span></b><span lang=3D"EN-US" st=
yle=3D"font-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun"> 2013</span><span style=3D"font=
-size:10.0pt;font-family:SimSun">=C4=EA<span lang=3D"EN-US">1</span>=D4=C2<=
span lang=3D"EN-US">9</span>=C8=D5<span lang=3D"EN-US">
 21:50<br>
</span><b>=CA=D5=BC=FE=C8=CB<span lang=3D"EN-US">:</span></b><span lang=3D"=
EN-US"> Jon Steen<br>
</span><b>=B3=AD=CB=CD<span lang=3D"EN-US">:</span></b><span lang=3D"EN-US"=
> Softwires@ietf.org; LISP mailing list list; draft-xu-softwire-ip-in-udp@t=
ools.ietf.org<br>
</span><b>=D6=F7=CC=E2<span lang=3D"EN-US">:</span></b><span lang=3D"EN-US"=
> Re: [Softwires] [lisp] draft-xu-softwire-ip-in-udp<o:p></o:p></span></spa=
n></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US">=
Jon,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">My intent wasn't to show suppor=
t for the draft, just to point out the relationship to the MPLS draft for t=
hose of you on the softwires list that may not have been following it. It's=
 really up to the softwires WG to determine
 if it supports taking on this draft as a work item.<br>
<br>
Also, a comment to the draft-xu authors is that both of the draft-xu's shou=
ld probably cross-reference each other (they don't currently).<br>
<br>
<span style=3D"color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Hi Andy,<o=
:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Thanks for=
 this suggestion and it will be fixed in the future version.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Best regar=
ds,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D">Xiaohu<o:p=
></o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US" style=3D"font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;;color:#1F497D"><o:p>&nbsp=
;</o:p></span></p>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><br>
Cheers,<br>
Andy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US">=
<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">On Wed, Jan 9, 2013 at 12:20 AM=
, Jon Steen &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:steenjj@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank">stee=
njj@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Andy,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">I would have to agree with Dami=
en in some sense, what other currently available standards are available to=
 fulfill this need without adding the extra overhead.&nbsp; Overhead only a=
dds to the proceessing time it takes to relay
 the data.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Jon Steen<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><br>
<br>
&nbsp;<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">On Mon, Jan 7, 2013 at 11:09 AM=
, Andrew G. Malis &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:agmalis@gmail.com" target=3D"_blank=
">agmalis@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<blockquote style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0c=
m 0cm 0cm 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0cm">
<div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US">=
For the benefit of those of you that don't follow the MPLS WG list, this dr=
aft is closely related to
<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-xu-mpls-in-udp-06" target=3D"_b=
lank">http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-xu-mpls-in-udp-06</a> , which is the=
 subject of a lively discussion there.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Cheers,<br>
Andy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US">=
<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">On Sun, Dec 30, 2012 at 3:45 PM=
, Damien Saucez &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:damien.saucez@gmail.com" target=3D"_b=
lank">damien.saucez@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<blockquote style=3D"border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0c=
m 0cm 0cm 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0cm">
<div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Hello,<br>
<br>
Interesting document, have you ever though of LISP to do that?<br>
<br>
Regards,<br>
<br>
Damien Saucez<br>
_______________________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US">Softwires mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:Softwires@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">Softwires@ietf.org<=
/a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/softwires" target=3D"_blan=
k">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/softwires</a><o:p></o:p></span></p=
>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span lang=3D"EN-US">=
_______________________________________________<br>
lisp mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">lisp@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp" target=3D"_blank">ht=
tps://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
</blockquote>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class=3D"MsoNormal"><span lang=3D"EN-US"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p>
</div>
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From heinerhummel@aol.com  Fri Jan 18 14:46:26 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] LISP and IPv4
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Dino,


In spite of adding 4 locator octets you still need NAT !:-( C'mmon!

And you try to sell it as a great feature! :-(



Your position is: Thanks to NAT you have no ipv4 address depletion problem,=
 right ?!



NAT is indeed a great bail out (like GRE which I mentioned lately), but nev=
ertheless a poor and cumbersome solution.
And there are many IETF goers who know much much better than me about NAT's=
 uglyness. And combined with LISP's servers infrastructure solutions become=
 even more cumbersome.


So I admit: NAT will keep LISP alive. But also: I expected LISP to be bette=
r: Having an IPv4 address plus a locator there is no need to depend on NAT =
i.e. on additional TCP octets in order to provide global uniqueness.


LISP will cement the bad IPv4 AND IPv6 paradigms. Dino, you shouldn't point=
 to IPv6 and say that IPv6 shall/will do better.
In the past IPv6 has always emulated whichever IPv4 protocol. And IPv6 will=
 rather emulate LISP than come up with better routing.




You also wrote:
 "We do not want to change DNS. We do not require any new support from DNS.=
"


Well, TARA as outlined by draft-tara-hummel-00.txt only required DNS servic=
e as by RFC1712.
Yes, Its current status however requires some extra DNS service which is to=
 provide also a host's "home geopatch number"
This I need for stateless multicast whereby the mobile sender is roaming.
Do you think there will ever be such models with LISP ? So far you do not h=
ave a Multicast-Locator nor an Anycast Locator!




Regards
Heiner





----------MB_8CFC3E4C6A93BB6_788_1DAC4_webmail-d083.sysops.aol.com
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"

<font color=3D'black' size=3D'2' face=3D'arial'><br>
<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-family: arial; ">=
Dino,</font>
<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">In spite of adding 4 locator octets you still need NAT !:-( C'mmon!<=
br>
</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">And you try to sell it as a great feature! :-(</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2"><span class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-size: 13px; ">
<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">Your position is: Thanks t=
o NAT you have no ipv4 address depletion problem, right ?!</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>
</span></font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">NAT is indeed a great bail out (like GRE which I mentioned lately), =
but nevertheless a poor and cumbersome solution.</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">And there are many IETF goers who know much much better than me abou=
t NAT's uglyness. And combined with LISP's servers infrastructure solutions=
 become even more cumbersome.</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">So I admit: NAT will keep LISP alive. But also: I expected LISP to b=
e better: Having an IPv4 address plus a locator there is no need to depend =
on NAT i.e. on additional TCP octets in order to provide global uniqueness.=
</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">LISP will cement the bad IPv4 AND IPv6 paradigms. Dino, you shouldn'=
t point to IPv6 and say that IPv6 shall/will do better.</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">In the past IPv6 has always emulated whichever IPv4 protocol. And IP=
v6 will rather emulate LISP than come up with better routing.</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">You also wrote:</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><span class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=
=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; ">&nbsp;<font class=3D"Apple-style-span"=
 size=3D"2">"</font>We do not want to change DNS. We do not require any new=
 support from DNS.<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=3D"2">"</font></spa=
n></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><span class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=
=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2"><br>
</font></span></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><span class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=
=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">Well, TARA as outlined by draft-tara-hummel-00.txt only required DNS=
 service as by RFC1712.</font></span></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"helvetica, arial" size=3D"2">=
Yes, Its current status however requires some extra DNS service which is to=
 provide also a host's "home geopatch number"</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"helvetica, arial" size=3D"2">=
This I need for stateless multicast whereby the mobile sender is roaming.</=
font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"helvetica, arial" size=3D"2">=
Do you think there will ever be such models with LISP ? So far you do not h=
ave a Multicast-Locator nor an Anycast Locator!</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"helvetica, arial" size=3D"2">=
<br>
</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"helvetica, arial" size=3D"2">=
<br>
</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"helvetica, arial" size=3D"2">=
Regards</font></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"helvetica, arial" size=3D"2">=
Heiner</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><span class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=
=3D"font-family: helvetica, arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2"><br>
</font></span></div>

<div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"helvetica, arial"><br>
</font></div>
</font>
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From jmh@joelhalpern.com  Fri Jan 18 14:51:24 2013
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Message-ID: <50F9D1D1.4090905@joelhalpern.com>
Date: Fri, 18 Jan 2013 17:50:57 -0500
From: "Joel M. Halpern" <jmh@joelhalpern.com>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] LISP and IPv4
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Heiner, I am having trouble determining what you would like the working 
group to do with your input.

You keep mentioning TARA.  There is no Internet-Draft for TARA, and even 
if there were, it would be out of scope for this working group.

Your concerns about overlapping addresses, seem to be aimed at use cases 
which while interesting are not within the charter of the working group. 
  Dino has nonetheless gone out of his way to address your comments. 
What are you looking for?

Yours,
Joel M. Halpern, speaking as co-chair

On 1/18/2013 5:46 PM, heinerhummel@aol.com wrote:
>
> Dino,
>
> In spite of adding 4 locator octets you still need NAT !:-( C'mmon!
> And you try to sell it as a great feature! :-(
>
> Your position is: Thanks to NAT you have no ipv4 address depletion
> problem, right ?!
>
> NAT is indeed a great bail out (like GRE which I mentioned lately), but
> nevertheless a poor and cumbersome solution.
> And there are many IETF goers who know much much better than me about
> NAT's uglyness. And combined with LISP's servers infrastructure
> solutions become even more cumbersome.
>
> So I admit: NAT will keep LISP alive. But also: I expected LISP to be
> better: Having an IPv4 address plus a locator there is no need to depend
> on NAT i.e. on additional TCP octets in order to provide global uniqueness.
>
> LISP will cement the bad IPv4 AND IPv6 paradigms. Dino, you shouldn't
> point to IPv6 and say that IPv6 shall/will do better.
> In the past IPv6 has always emulated whichever IPv4 protocol. And IPv6
> will rather emulate LISP than come up with better routing.
>
>
> You also wrote:
> "We do not want to change DNS. We do not require any new support from DNS."
>
> Well, TARA as outlined by draft-tara-hummel-00.txt only required DNS
> service as by RFC1712.
> Yes, Its current status however requires some extra DNS service which is
> to provide also a host's "home geopatch number"
> This I need for stateless multicast whereby the mobile sender is roaming.
> Do you think there will ever be such models with LISP ? So far you do
> not have a Multicast-Locator nor an Anycast Locator!
>
>
> Regards
> Heiner
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>

From heinerhummel@aol.com  Sat Jan 19 02:51:01 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] LISP and IPv4
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
----------MB_8CFC449FFB6E2F3_1A8C_28B7D_webmail-d031.sysops.aol.com
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Joel,


I honestly thought that LISP would maintain/provide global uniqueness by th=
e doublet

{LISP-site unique IPv4 address of the EID; Locator} and only in case my mem=
ory doesn't deceive me it was once (long ago) a pro-argument of LISP.

Given this assumption you must admit that only LISP-DNS would work, not -AL=
T, nor -DDT, and that under such a presumption my emails would have really =
mattered for THIS group.


By Dino's yesterday email I learned that LISP-DDT presumes global uniquenes=
s of the IPv4 address which means
more NAT, and not less NAT. He also mentioned IPv6-NAT which can pretty eas=
yily be predicted: Company XYZ switches from IPv4 to IPv6 but wants to keep=
 its NAT.
The result: Complexity induces even more complexity.


Facit: At least myself I have learned that NAT is the ultimate solution ( a=
nd not LISP-DDT) for this particular problem.


Heiner


=20




-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung-----=20
Von: Joel M. Halpern <jmh@joelhalpern.com>
An: heinerhummel <heinerhummel@aol.com>
Cc: lisp <lisp@ietf.org>
Verschickt: Fr, 18 Jan 2013 11:51 pm
Betreff: Re: [lisp] LISP and IPv4


Heiner, I am having trouble determining what you would like the working=20
group to do with your input.

You keep mentioning TARA.  There is no Internet-Draft for TARA, and even=20
if there were, it would be out of scope for this working group.

Your concerns about overlapping addresses, seem to be aimed at use cases=20
which while interesting are not within the charter of the working group.=20
  Dino has nonetheless gone out of his way to address your comments.=20
What are you looking for?

Yours,
Joel M. Halpern, speaking as co-chair

On 1/18/2013 5:46 PM, heinerhummel@aol.com wrote:
>
> Dino,
>
> In spite of adding 4 locator octets you still need NAT !:-( C'mmon!
> And you try to sell it as a great feature! :-(
>
> Your position is: Thanks to NAT you have no ipv4 address depletion
> problem, right ?!
>
> NAT is indeed a great bail out (like GRE which I mentioned lately), but
> nevertheless a poor and cumbersome solution.
> And there are many IETF goers who know much much better than me about
> NAT's uglyness. And combined with LISP's servers infrastructure
> solutions become even more cumbersome.
>
> So I admit: NAT will keep LISP alive. But also: I expected LISP to be
> better: Having an IPv4 address plus a locator there is no need to depend
> on NAT i.e. on additional TCP octets in order to provide global uniquenes=
s.
>
> LISP will cement the bad IPv4 AND IPv6 paradigms. Dino, you shouldn't
> point to IPv6 and say that IPv6 shall/will do better.
> In the past IPv6 has always emulated whichever IPv4 protocol. And IPv6
> will rather emulate LISP than come up with better routing.
>
>
> You also wrote:
> "We do not want to change DNS. We do not require any new support from DNS=
."
>
> Well, TARA as outlined by draft-tara-hummel-00.txt only required DNS
> service as by RFC1712.
> Yes, Its current status however requires some extra DNS service which is
> to provide also a host's "home geopatch number"
> This I need for stateless multicast whereby the mobile sender is roaming.
> Do you think there will ever be such models with LISP ? So far you do
> not have a Multicast-Locator nor an Anycast Locator!
>
>
> Regards
> Heiner
>
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>

=20

----------MB_8CFC449FFB6E2F3_1A8C_28B7D_webmail-d031.sysops.aol.com
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
Content-Type: text/html; charset="utf-8"

<font color=3D'black' size=3D'2' face=3D'arial'><font class=3D"Apple-style-=
span" size=3D"2" style=3D"font-family: arial; ">Joel,</font>
<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">I honestly thought that LISP would maintain/provide global uniquenes=
s by the doublet<br>
</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">{LISP-site unique IPv4 address of the EID; Locator} and only in case=
 my memory doesn't deceive me it was once (long ago) a pro-argument of LISP=
.<br>
</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">Given this assumption you must admit that only LISP-DNS would work, =
not -ALT, nor -DDT, and that under such a presumption my emails would have =
really mattered for THIS group.</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">By Dino's yesterday email I learned that LISP-DDT presumes global un=
iqueness of the IPv4 address which means</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">more NAT, and not less NAT. He also mentioned IPv6-NAT which can pre=
tty easyily be predicted: Company XYZ switches from IPv4 to IPv6 but wants =
to keep its NAT.</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">The result: Complexity induces even more complexity.</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">Facit: At least myself I have learned that NAT is the ultimate solut=
ion ( and not LISP-DDT) for this particular problem.</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">Heiner</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2"><br>
</font></div>

<div style=3D"font-family: arial; "><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" size=
=3D"2">&nbsp;<br>
</font></div>

<div>
<div style=3D"color: black; "><br>
</div>

<div style=3D"color: black; ">-----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Mitteilung----- <br>
<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"helvetica, arial" size=3D"2">Von: =
Joel M. Halpern &lt;jmh@joelhalpern.com&gt;</font><br>
<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"helvetica, arial" size=3D"2">An: h=
einerhummel &lt;heinerhummel@aol.com&gt;</font><br>
<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"helvetica, arial" size=3D"2">Cc: l=
isp &lt;lisp@ietf.org&gt;</font><br>
<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"helvetica, arial" size=3D"2">Versc=
hickt: Fr, 18 Jan 2013 11:51 pm</font><br>
<font class=3D"Apple-style-span" face=3D"helvetica, arial" size=3D"2">Betre=
ff: Re: [lisp] LISP and IPv4</font><br>
<br>







<div id=3D"AOLMsgPart_0_0fd7812e-0058-4c83-a024-b0908356b5d8" style=3D"marg=
in-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; font-=
family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(0, =
0, 0); background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); ">

<pre style=3D"font-size: 9pt;"><tt>Heiner, I am having trouble determining =
what you would like the working=20
group to do with your input.

You keep mentioning TARA.  There is no Internet-Draft for TARA, and even=20
if there were, it would be out of scope for this working group.

Your concerns about overlapping addresses, seem to be aimed at use cases=20
which while interesting are not within the charter of the working group.=20
  Dino has nonetheless gone out of his way to address your comments.=20
What are you looking for?

Yours,
Joel M. Halpern, speaking as co-chair

On 1/18/2013 5:46 PM, <a href=3D"mailto:heinerhummel@aol.com">heinerhummel@=
aol.com</a> wrote:
&gt;
&gt; Dino,
&gt;
&gt; In spite of adding 4 locator octets you still need NAT !:-( C'mmon!
&gt; And you try to sell it as a great feature! :-(
&gt;
&gt; Your position is: Thanks to NAT you have no ipv4 address depletion
&gt; problem, right ?!
&gt;
&gt; NAT is indeed a great bail out (like GRE which I mentioned lately), bu=
t
&gt; nevertheless a poor and cumbersome solution.
&gt; And there are many IETF goers who know much much better than me about
&gt; NAT's uglyness. And combined with LISP's servers infrastructure
&gt; solutions become even more cumbersome.
&gt;
&gt; So I admit: NAT will keep LISP alive. But also: I expected LISP to be
&gt; better: Having an IPv4 address plus a locator there is no need to depe=
nd
&gt; on NAT i.e. on additional TCP octets in order to provide global unique=
ness.
&gt;
&gt; LISP will cement the bad IPv4 AND IPv6 paradigms. Dino, you shouldn't
&gt; point to IPv6 and say that IPv6 shall/will do better.
&gt; In the past IPv6 has always emulated whichever IPv4 protocol. And IPv6
&gt; will rather emulate LISP than come up with better routing.
&gt;
&gt;
&gt; You also wrote:
&gt; "We do not want to change DNS. We do not require any new support from =
DNS."
&gt;
&gt; Well, TARA as outlined by draft-tara-hummel-00.txt only required DNS
&gt; service as by RFC1712.
&gt; Yes, Its current status however requires some extra DNS service which =
is
&gt; to provide also a host's "home geopatch number"
&gt; This I need for stateless multicast whereby the mobile sender is roami=
ng.
&gt; Do you think there will ever be such models with LISP ? So far you do
&gt; not have a Multicast-Locator nor an Anycast Locator!
&gt;
&gt;
&gt; Regards
&gt; Heiner
&gt;
&gt;
&gt;
&gt;
&gt; _______________________________________________
&gt; lisp mailing list
&gt; <a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a>
&gt; <a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp" target=3D"_blan=
k">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a>
&gt;
</tt></pre>
</div>
 <!-- end of AOLMsgPart_0_0fd7812e-0058-4c83-a024-b0908356b5d8 -->



</div>
</div>
</font>
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From jmh@joelhalpern.com  Sat Jan 19 09:47:26 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] LISP and IPv4
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Heiner,
     I do not know of any point where the problem you describe was 
stated, or intended to be addressed by ISP or most o the other proposals 
that the RRG looked at.  It is not within the scope of the LISP WG.

Yours,
Joel

On 1/19/2013 5:50 AM, heinerhummel@aol.com wrote:
> Joel,
>
> I honestly thought that LISP would maintain/provide global uniqueness by
> the doublet
> {LISP-site unique IPv4 address of the EID; Locator} and only in case my
> memory doesn't deceive me it was once (long ago) a pro-argument of LISP.
> Given this assumption you must admit that only LISP-DNS would work, not
> -ALT, nor -DDT, and that under such a presumption my emails would have
> really mattered for THIS group.
>
> By Dino's yesterday email I learned that LISP-DDT presumes global
> uniqueness of the IPv4 address which means
> more NAT, and not less NAT. He also mentioned IPv6-NAT which can pretty
> easyily be predicted: Company XYZ switches from IPv4 to IPv6 but wants
> to keep its NAT.
> The result: Complexity induces even more complexity.
>
> Facit: At least myself I have learned that NAT is the ultimate solution
> ( and not LISP-DDT) for this particular problem.
>
> Heiner
>
>
>
> -----UrsprÃ¼ngliche Mitteilung-----
> Von: Joel M. Halpern <jmh@joelhalpern.com>
> An: heinerhummel <heinerhummel@aol.com>
> Cc: lisp <lisp@ietf.org>
> Verschickt: Fr, 18 Jan 2013 11:51 pm
> Betreff: Re: [lisp] LISP and IPv4
>
> Heiner, I am having trouble determining what you would like the working
> group to do with your input.
>
> You keep mentioning TARA.  There is no Internet-Draft for TARA, and even
> if there were, it would be out of scope for this working group.
>
> Your concerns about overlapping addresses, seem to be aimed at use cases
> which while interesting are not within the charter of the working group.
>    Dino has nonetheless gone out of his way to address your comments.
> What are you looking for?
>
> Yours,
> Joel M. Halpern, speaking as co-chair
>
> On 1/18/2013 5:46 PM,heinerhummel@aol.com  <mailto:heinerhummel@aol.com>  wrote:
>>
>> Dino,
>>
>> In spite of adding 4 locator octets you still need NAT !:-( C'mmon!
>> And you try to sell it as a great feature! :-(
>>
>> Your position is: Thanks to NAT you have no ipv4 address depletion
>> problem, right ?!
>>
>> NAT is indeed a great bail out (like GRE which I mentioned lately), but
>> nevertheless a poor and cumbersome solution.
>> And there are many IETF goers who know much much better than me about
>> NAT's uglyness. And combined with LISP's servers infrastructure
>> solutions become even more cumbersome.
>>
>> So I admit: NAT will keep LISP alive. But also: I expected LISP to be
>> better: Having an IPv4 address plus a locator there is no need to depend
>> on NAT i.e. on additional TCP octets in order to provide global uniqueness.
>>
>> LISP will cement the bad IPv4 AND IPv6 paradigms. Dino, you shouldn't
>> point to IPv6 and say that IPv6 shall/will do better.
>> In the past IPv6 has always emulated whichever IPv4 protocol. And IPv6
>> will rather emulate LISP than come up with better routing.
>>
>>
>> You also wrote:
>> "We do not want to change DNS. We do not require any new support from DNS."
>>
>> Well, TARA as outlined by draft-tara-hummel-00.txt only required DNS
>> service as by RFC1712.
>> Yes, Its current status however requires some extra DNS service which is
>> to provide also a host's "home geopatch number"
>> This I need for stateless multicast whereby the mobile sender is roaming.
>> Do you think there will ever be such models with LISP ? So far you do
>> not have a Multicast-Locator nor an Anycast Locator!
>>
>>
>> Regards
>> Heiner
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> lisp mailing list
>>lisp@ietf.org  <mailto:lisp@ietf.org>
>>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>>
>

From ljakab@ac.upc.edu  Mon Jan 21 01:53:13 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-lisp-deployment
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Hi Damien,

Many thanks for the review. See responses inline:

On 01/15/13 00:15, Damien Saucez wrote:
> Hello,
>
> Comments inline

[...]

>>    LISP site:  A single host or a set of network elements in an edge
>>       network under the administrative control of a single organization,
>>       delimited from other networks by LISP Tunnel Router(s).
>>
>>    Since LISP is a protocol which can be used for different purposes, it
>>    is important to identify possible deployment scenarios and the
>>    additional requirements they may impose on the protocol specification
>>    and other protocols.  Additionally, this document is intended as a
>>    guide for the operational community for LISP deployments in their
>>    networks.  It is expected to evolve as LISP deployment progresses,
>>    and the described scenarios are better understood or new scenarios
>>    are discovered.
>>
> maybe describe rapidly what an network element is.

Not sure it is really necessary, but how about something like:

    Network element: active or passive device that is used for
    transporting packet switched data.


>>    Each subsection considers an element type, discussing the impact of
>>    deployment scenarios on the protocol specification.  For definition
>>    of terms, please refer to the appropriate documents (as cited in the
>>    respective sections).
>> 2.  Tunnel Routers
>>
>>    LISP is a map-and-encap protocol, with the main goal of improving
>>    global routing scalability.  To achieve its goal, it introduces
>>    several new network elements, each performing specific functions
>>    necessary to separate the edge from the core. 
>
> wouldn't this clearer in Sec. 1? It is important for the general
> understanding.

Agree, will move.

[...]

>
>>    From the LISP site perspective the main advantage of this type of
>>    deployment (compared to the one described in the next section) is
>>    having direct control over its ingress traffic engineering.  This
>>    makes it is 
> remove is?

Thanks for catching this.

[...]

>
>>    Another thing to consider when placing tunnel routers are MTU issues.
>>    Since encapsulating packets increases overhead, the MTU of the end-
>>    to-end path may decrease, when encapsulated packets need to travel
>>    over segments having close to minimum MTU.  Some transit networks are
>>    known to provide larger MTU than the typical value of 1500 bytes of
>>    popular access technologies used at end hosts (e.g., IEEE 802.3 and
>>    802.11).  However, placing the LISP router connecting to such a
>>    network at the customer edge could possibly bring up MTU issues,
>>    depending on the link type to the provider as opposed to the
>>    following scenario.
>
> counter measures for that (e.g.,  any special setup that can be done
> to minimise the risk
> a client is not working properly because of MTU)

That could be a lenghty discussion.  LISP sites should check with their
providers and make sure they offer links with the required MTU. They
should also be able to check for themselves.

>> 2.2.  Provider Edge
>>
>>    The other location at the core-edge boundary for deploying LISP
>>    routers is at the Internet service provider edge.  The main incentive
>>    for this case is that the customer does not have to upgrade the CE
>>    router(s), or change the configuration of any equipment.
>>    Encapsulation/decapsulation happens in the provider's network, which
>>    may be able to serve several customers with a single device.  For
>>    large ISPs with many residential/business customers asking for LISP
>>    this can lead to important savings, since there is no need to upgrade
>>    the software (or hardware, if it's the case) at each client's
>>    location.  Instead, they can upgrade the software (or hardware) on a
>>    few PE routers serving the customers.  This scenario is depicted in
>>    Figure 2.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                 [Page 5]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>>                   +----------+        +------------------+
>>                   |   ISP1   |        |       ISP2       |
>>                   |          |        |                  |
>>                   |  +----+  |        |  +----+  +----+  |
>>                   +--|xTR1|--+        +--|xTR2|--|xTR3|--+
>>                      +----+              +----+  +----+
>>                         |                  |       |
>>                         |                  |       |
>>                         +--<[LISP site]>---+-------+
>>
>>                           Figure 2: xTR at the PE
>>
>>    While this approach can make transition easy for customers and may be
>>    cheaper for providers, the LISP site looses one of the main benefits
>>    of LISP: ingress traffic engineering.  Since the provider controls
>>    the ETRs, additional complexity would be needed to allow customers to
>>    modify their mapping entries.
>
> or the client can have some form of access to the configuration (a bit
> like tagging route with
> special communities in BGP to tell the ISP to which of its operator
> not advertise the route)

Yes, that's what the "additional complexity" above refers to: you need
more stuff to make it work.

>>    The problem is aggravated when the LISP site is multihomed.  Consider
>>    the scenario in Figure 2: whenever a change to TE policies is
>>    required, the customer contacts both ISP1 and ISP2 to make the
>>    necessary changes on the routers (if they provide this possibility).
>
> ok, cf supra
>>    It is however unlikely, that both ISPs will apply changes
>>    simultaneously, which may lead to inconsistent state for the mappings
>>    of the LISP site.  Since the different upstream ISPs are usually
>>    competing business entities, the ETRs may even be configured to
>>    compete, either to attract all the traffic or to get no traffic.  The
>>    former will happen if the customer pays per volume, the latter if the
>>    connectivity has a fixed price.  A solution could be to have the
>>    mappings in the Map-Server(s), and have their operator give control
>>    over the entries to customer, much like in the Domain Name System at
>>    the time of this writing.
>>
>>    Additionally, since xTR1, xTR2, and xTR3 are in different
>>    administrative domains, locator reachability information is unlikely
>>    to be exchanged among them, making it difficult to set Loc-Status-
>>    Bits correctly on encapsulated packets.
>>
> IMHO this document should suggest not to use LSB in the Internet case
> deployment

Only for the above reason, or due to security concerns?

>
>>    Compared to the customer edge scenario, deploying LISP at the
>>    provider edge might have the advantage of diminishing potential MTU
>>    issues, because the tunnel router is closer to the core, where links
>>    typically have higher MTUs than edge network links.
>>
>> 2.3.  Split ITR/ETR
>>
>>    In a simple LISP deployment, xTRs are located at the border of the
>>    LISP site (see Section 2.1).  In this scenario packets are routed
>>    inside the domain according to the EID.  However, more complex
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                 [Page 6]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>>    networks may want to route packets according to the destination RLOC.
>>    This would enable them to choose the best egress point.
>>
>>    The LISP specification separates the ITR and ETR functionality and
>>    considers that both entities can be deployed in separated network
>>    equipment.  ITRs can be deployed closer to the host (i.e., access
>>    routers).  This way packets are encapsulated as soon as possible, and
>>    packets exit the network through the best egress point in terms of
>>    BGP policy.  In turn, ETRs can be deployed at the border routers of
>>    the network, and packets are decapsulated as soon as possible.  Once
>>    decapsulated, packets are routed based on destination EID, according
>>    to internal routing policy.
>>
>>    In the following figure we can see an example.  The Source (S)
>>    transmits packets using its EID and in this particular case packets
>>    are encapsulated at ITR_1.  The encapsulated packets are routed
>>    inside the domain according to the destination RLOC, and can egress
>>    the network through the best point (i.e., closer to the RLOC's AS).
>>    On the other hand, inbound packets are received by ETR_1 which
>>    decapsulates them.  Then packets are routed towards S according to
>>    the EID, again following the best path.
>>
>>       +---------------------------------------+
>>       |                                       |
>>       |       +-------+                   +-------+         +-------+
>>       |       | ITR_1 |---------+         | ETR_1 |-RLOC_A--| ISP_A |
>>       |       +-------+         |         +-------+         +-------+
>>       |  +-+        |           |             |
>>       |  |S|        |    IGP    |             |
>>       |  +-+        |           |             |
>>       |       +-------+         |         +-------+         +-------+
>>       |       | ITR_2 |---------+         | ETR_2 |-RLOC_B--| ISP_B |
>>       |       +-------+                   +-------+         +-------+
>>       |                                       |
>>       +---------------------------------------+
>>
>>                      Figure 3: Split ITR/ETR Scenario
>>
>>    This scenario has a set of implications:
>>
>>    o  The site must carry at least partial BGP routes in order to choose
>>       the best egress point, increasing the complexity of the network.
>>       However, this is usually already the case for LISP sites that
>>       would benefit from this scenario.
>>
>>    o  If the site is multihomed to different ISPs and any of the
>>       upstream ISPs is doing uRPF filtering, this scenario may become
>>       impractical.  ITRs need to determine the exit ETR, for setting the
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                 [Page 7]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>>       correct source RLOC in the encapsulation header.  This adds
>>       complexity and reliability concerns.
>>
>>    o  In LISP, ITRs set the reachability bits when encapsulating data
>>       packets.  Hence, ITRs need a mechanism to be aware of the liveness
>>       of all ETRs serving their site.
>>
>>    o  MTU within the site network must be large enough to accommodate
>>       encapsulated packets.
>>
>>    o  In this scenario, each ITR is serving fewer hosts than in the case
>>       when it is deployed at the border of the network.  It has been
>>       shown that cache hit ratio grows logarithmically with the amount
>>       of users [cache].  Taking this into account, when ITRs are
>>       deployed closer to the host the effectiveness of the mapping cache
>>       may be lower (i.e., the miss ratio is higher).  Another
>>       consequence of this is that the site may transmit a higher amount
>>       of Map-Requests, increasing the load on the distributed mapping
>>       database.
>>
> one possible solution is to aggregate Map-Requests with a hierarchy
> (à-la DDT).

You mean having site-local caching Map-Resolvers?

>
>> 2.4.  Inter-Service Provider Traffic Engineering
>>
>>    With LISP, two LISP sites can route packets among them and control
>>    their ingress TE policies.  Typically, LISP is seen as applicable to
>>    stub networks, however the LISP protocol can also be applied to
>>    transit networks recursively.
>>
>>    Consider the scenario depicted in Figure 4.  Packets originating from
>>    the LISP site Stub1, client of ISP_A, with destination Stub4, client
>>    of ISP_B, are LISP encapsulated at their entry point into the ISP_A's
>>    network.  The external IP header now has as the source RLOC an IP
>>    from ISP_A's address space and destination RLOC from ISP_B's address
>>    space.  One or more ASes separate ISP_A from ISP_B. With a single
>>    level of LISP encapsulation, Stub4 has control over its ingress
>>    traffic.  However, at the time of this writing, ISP_B has only BGP
>>    tools (such as prefix deaggregation) to control on which of his own
>>    upstream or peering links should packets enter.  This is either not
>>    feasible (if fine-grained per-customer control is required, the very
>>    specific prefixes may not be propagated) or increases DFZ table size.
>>
>>                                   _.--.
>>     Stub1 ...   +-------+      ,-''     `--.      +-------+   ... Stub3
>>              \  |   R_A1|----,'             `. ---|R_B1   |  /
>>               --|   R_A2|---(     Transit     )   |       |--
>>     Stub2 .../  |   R_A3|-----.             ,' ---|R_B2   |  \... Stub4
>>                 +-------+      `--.     _.-'      +-------+
>>           ...     ISP_A            `--''            ISP_B     ...
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                 [Page 8]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>>                Figure 4: Inter-Service provider TE scenario
>>
>>    A solution for this is to apply LISP recursively.  ISP_A and ISP_B
>>    may reach a bilateral agreement to deploy their own private mapping
>>    system.  ISP_A then encapsulates packets destined for the prefixes of
>>    ISP_B, which are listed in the shared mapping system.  Note that in
>>    this case the packet is double-encapsulated (using R_A1, R_A2 or R_A3
>>    as source and R_B1 or R_B2 as destination in the example above).
>>    ISP_B's ETR removes the outer, second layer of LISP encapsulation
>>    from the incoming packet, and routes it towards the original RLOC,
>>    the ETR of Stub4, which does the final decapsulation.
>>
>
> if there is bilateral agreement, could we imagine single encapsulation
> and use instance-id
> to differentiate with the "source" able to install mappings at the
> second tier?

I think this would remove the elegance of the LISP solution by going
back to MPLS style LSPs.  But it may be a solution preferred by some,
choice is good, so I'll mention it ;)

>
>>    If ISP_A and ISP_B agree to share a private distributed mapping
>>    database, both can control their ingress TE without the need of
>>    deaggregating prefixes.  In this scenario the private database
>>    contains RLOC-to-RLOC bindings.  The convergence time on the TE
>>    policies updates is expected to be fast, since ISPs only have to
>>    update/query a mapping to/from the database.
> but convergence is O(TTL) or then specify to use SMR or Versioning

Maybe we should spell that out it the document, but we expected the
usual LISP mechanism for keeping mappings up to date (SMR/Versioning)
will be used.

>>    This deployment scenario includes two important caveats.  First, it
>>    is intended to be deployed between only two ISPs (ISP_A and ISP_B in
>>    Figure 4).  If more than two ISPs use this approach, then the xTRs
>>    deployed at the participating ISPs must either query multiple mapping
>>    systems, or the ISPs must agree on a common shared mapping system.
>>    Second, the scenario is only recommended for ISPs providing
>>    connectivity to LISP sites, such that source RLOCs of packets to be
>>    reencapsulated belong to said ISP.  Otherwise the participating ISPs
>>    must register prefixes they do not own in the above mentioned private
>>    mapping system.  Failure to follow these recommendations may lead to
>>    operational and security issues when deploying this scenario.
>>
>>    Besides these recommendations, the main disadvantages of this
>>    deployment case are:
>>
>>    o  Extra LISP header is needed.  This increases the packet size and
>>       requires that the MTU between both ISPs accommodates double-
>>       encapsulated packets.
>>
>>    o  The ISP ITR must encapsulate packets and therefore must know the
>>       RLOC-to-RLOC binding.  These bindings are stored in a mapping
>>       database and may be cached in the ITR's mapping cache.  Cache
>>       misses lead to an additional lookup latency, unless a push based
>>       mapping system is used for the private mapping system.
>>
>>    o  The operational overhead of maintaining the shared mapping
>>       database.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                 [Page 9]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>>    o  If an IPv6 address block is reserved for EID use, as specified in
>>       [I-D.ietf-lisp-eid-block], the EID-to-RLOC encapsulation (first
>>       level) can avoid LISP processing altogether for non-LISP
>>       destinations.  The ISP tunnel routers however will not be able to
>>       take advantage of this optimization, all RLOC-to-RLOC mappings
>>       need a lookup in the private database (or map-cache, once results
>>       are cached).
>>
>> 2.5.  Tunnel Routers Behind NAT
>>
>>    NAT in this section refers to IPv4 network address and port
>>    translation.
>>
>> 2.5.1.  ITR
>>
>>    Packets encapsulated by an ITR are just UDP packets from a NAT
>>    device's point of view, and they are handled like any UDP packet,
>>    there are no additional requirements for LISP data packets.
>>
>>    Map-Requests sent by an ITR, which create the state in the NAT table,
>>    have a different 5-tuple in the IP header than the Map-Reply
>>    generated by the authoritative ETR.  Since the source address of this
>>    packet is different from the destination address of the request
>>    packet, no state will be matched in the NAT table and the packet will
>>    be dropped.  To avoid this, the NAT device has to do the following:
>>
>>    o  Send all UDP packets with source port 4342, regardless of the
>>       destination port, to the RLOC of the ITR.  The most simple way to
>>       achieve this is configuring 1:1 NAT mode from the external RLOC of
>>       the NAT device to the ITR's RLOC (Called "DMZ" mode in consumer
>>       broadband routers).
>>
>>    o  Rewrite the ITR-AFI and "Originating ITR RLOC Address" fields in
>>       the payload.
>>
>>    This setup supports a single ITR behind the NAT device.
>>
>> 2.5.2.  ETR
>>
>>    An ETR placed behind NAT is reachable from the outside by the
>>    Internet-facing locator of the NAT device.  It needs to know this
>>    locator (and configure a loopback interface with it), so that it can
>>    use it in Map-Reply and Map-Register messages.  Thus support for
>>    dynamic locators for the mapping database is needed in LISP
>>    equipment.
>>
>>    Again, only one ETR behind the NAT device is supported.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 10]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>>    An implication of the issues described above is that LISP sites with
>>    xTRs can not be behind carrier based NATs, since two different sites
>>    would collide on the port forwarding.
>>
>> 2.6.  Summary and Feature Matrix
>>
>>           Feature                         CE    PE    Split   Rec.
>>           --------------------------------------------------------
>>           Control of ingress TE            x     -      x      x
>>           No modifications to existing
>>              int. network infrastructure   x     x      -      -
>>           Loc-Status-Bits sync             x     -      x      x
>>           MTU/PMTUD issues minimized       -     x      -      x
>>
> Does Rec. mean recursive? if so, make it explicit

Yes, will do.

>
>> 3.  Map-Resolvers and Map-Servers
>>
>> 3.1.  Map-Servers
>>
> s/Map-Server/Map Server/ga

Thanks, will do.

>
>>    The Map-Server learns EID-to-RLOC mapping entries from an
>>    authoritative source and publishes them in the distributed mapping
>>    database.  These entries are learned through authenticated Map-
>>    Register messages sent by authoritative ETRs.  Also, upon reception
>>    of a Map-Request, the Map-Server verifies that the destination EID
>>    matches an EID-prefix for which it is authoritative for, and then re-
>>    encapsulates and forwards it to a matching ETR.  Map-Server
>>    functionality is described in detail in [I-D.ietf-lisp-ms].
>>
>>    The Map-Server is provided by a Mapping Service Provider (MSP).  A
>>    MSP can be any of the following:
>>
>>    o  EID registrar.  Since the IPv4 address space is nearing
>>       exhaustion, IPv4 EIDs will come from already allocated Provider
>>       Independent (PI) space.  The registrars in this case remain the
>>       current five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs).  In the case of
>>       IPv6, the possibility of reserving a /16 block as EID space is
>>       currently under consideration [I-D.ietf-lisp-eid-block].  If
>>       granted by IANA, the community will have to determine the body
>>       responsible for allocations from this block, and the associated
>>       policies.  Existing allocation policies apply to EIDs outside this
>>       block.
>>
>>    o  Third parties.  Participating in the LISP mapping system is
>>       similar to participating in global routing or DNS: as long as
>>       there is at least another already participating entity willing to
>>       forward the newcomer's traffic, there is no barrier to entry.
>>       Still, just like routing and DNS, LISP mappings have the issue of
>>       trust, with efforts underway to make the published information
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 11]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>>       verifiable.  When these mechanisms will be deployed in the LISP
>>       mapping system, the burden of providing and verifying trust should
>>       be kept away from MSPs, which will simply host the secured
>>       mappings.  This will keep the low barrier of entry to become an
>>       MSP for third parties.
>>
>>    In all cases, the MSP configures its Map-Server(s) to publish the
>>    prefixes of its clients in the distributed mapping database and start
>>    encapsulating and forwarding Map-Requests to the ETRs of the AS.
>>    These ETRs register their prefix(es) with the Map-Server(s) through
>>    periodic authenticated Map-Register messages.  In this context, for
>>    some LISP end sites, there is a need for mechanisms to:
>>
> how periodic (suggestion of good timers)?

The Map Server interface draft has some authoritative text on this, we I
didn't discuss it here:

   Map-Register messages are sent periodically from an ETR to a Map
   Server with a suggested interval between messages of one minute.  A
   Map Server should time-out and remove an ETR's registration if it has
   not received a valid Map-Register message within the past three
   minutes.  When first contacting a Map Server after restart or changes
   to its EID-to-RLOC database mappings, an ETR may initially send Map-
   Register messages at an increased frequency, up to one every 20
   seconds.  This "quick registration" period is limited to five minutes
   in duration.

Maybe add a pointer to the MS draft?



>>    o  Automatically distribute EID prefix(es) shared keys between the
>>       ETRs and the EID-registrar Map-Server.
>>
>>    o  Dynamically obtain the address of the Map-Server in the ETR of the
>>       AS.
>>
>>    The Map-Server plays a key role in the reachability of the EID-
>>    prefixes it is serving.  On the one hand it is publishing these
>>    prefixes into the distributed mapping database and on the other hand
>>    it is encapsulating and forwarding Map-Requests to the authoritative
>>    ETRs of these prefixes.  ITRs encapsulating towards EIDs under the
>>    responsibility of a failed Map-Server will be unable to look up any
>>    of their covering prefixes.  The only exception are the ITRs that
>>    already contain the mappings in their local cache.  In this case ITRs
>>    can reach ETRs until the entry expires (typically 24 hours). 
>
> where does the "typically 24h" come from?

Initial popular Beta network configurations.  Should we remove the
parenthesis?

>>  For
>>    this reason, redundant Map-Server deployments are desirable.  A set
>>    of Map-Servers providing high-availability service to the same set of
>>    prefixes is called a redundancy group.  ETRs are configured to send
>>    Map-Register messages to all Map-Servers in the redundancy group.  To
>>    achieve fail-over (or load-balancing, if desired),
>
>>  known mapping
>>    system specific best practices should be used.
>>
>
> what is meant by this very sentence?

If we were to use ALT, use BGP best practices, if we were to use DDT,
which has a similar design to DDT, use applicable DNS best practices.

>
>>    Additionally, if a Map-Server has no reachability for any ETR serving
>>    a given EID block, it should not originate that block into the
>>    mapping system.
> why?

It doesn't receive Map-Registers, so it doesn't have up to date
information, and the registration will time out (based on an
implementation specific timer). Returning forward-native may be the best
choice here, because packets to the ETRs may still find their way
through PITRs if it's only the MS that lost reachability and there is
another MS in the redundancy group.

>
>> 3.2.  Map-Resolvers
>>
> s/Map-Resolver/Map Resolver/ga

Thanks, will do.

>
>>    A Map-Resolver a is a network infrastructure component which accepts
>>    LISP encapsulated Map-Requests, typically from an ITR, and finds the
>>    appropriate EID-to-RLOC mapping by either consulting its local cache
>>    or by consulting the distributed mapping database.  Map-Resolver
>>    functionality is described in detail in [I-D.ietf-lisp-ms].
>>
>>    Anyone with access to the distributed mapping database can set up a
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 12]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>>    Map-Resolver and provide EID-to-RLOC mapping lookup service.
>>    Database access setup is mapping system specific.
>>
>>    For performance reasons, it is recommended that LISP sites use Map-
>>    Resolvers that are topologically close to their ITRs.  ISPs
>>    supporting LISP will provide this service to their customers,
>>    possibly restricting access to their user base.  LISP sites not in
>>    this position can use open access Map-Resolvers, if available.
>>    However, regardless of the availability of open access resolvers, the
>>    MSP providing the Map-Server(s) for a LISP site should also make
>>    available Map-Resolver(s) for the use of that site.
>>
>>    In medium to large-size ASes, ITRs must be configured with the RLOC
>>    of a Map-Resolver, operation which can be done manually.  However, in
>>    Small Office Home Office (SOHO) scenarios a mechanism for
>>    autoconfiguration should be provided.
>>
>>    One solution to avoid manual configuration in LISP sites of any size
>>    is the use of anycast RLOCs for Map-Resolvers similar to the DNS root
>>    server infrastructure.  Since LISP uses UDP encapsulation, the use of
>>    anycast would not affect reliability.
>
> maybe change the term reliability because anycast actually improves
> reliability, isnt'it?

You are right.  Reliability here was used as a comparison to TCP over
anycast, which can be unstable.  How about "Since LISP control traffic
is UDP based, using anycast would improve reliability." ?

>>   LISP routers are then shipped
>>    with a preconfigured list of well know Map-Resolver RLOCs, which can
>>    be edited by the network administrator, if needed.
>>
>>    The use of anycast also helps improving mapping lookup performance.
>>    Large MSPs can increase the number and geographical diversity of
>>    their Map-Resolver infrastructure, using a single anycasted RLOC.
>>    Once LISP deployment is advanced enough, very large content providers
>>    may also be interested running this kind of setup, to ensure minimal
>>    connection setup latency for those connecting to their network from
>>    LISP sites.
>>
>>    While Map-Servers and Map-Resolvers implement different
>>    functionalities within the LISP mapping system, they can coexist on
>>    the same device.  For example, MSPs offering both services, can
>>    deploy a single Map-Resolver/Map-Server in each PoP where they have a
>>    presence.
>>
>>
>> 4.  Proxy Tunnel Routers
>>
>> 4.1.  P-ITR
>>
>>    Proxy Ingress Tunnel Routers (P-ITRs) are part of the non-LISP/LISP
>>    transition mechanism, allowing non-LISP sites to reach LISP sites.
>>    They announce via BGP certain EID prefixes (aggregated, whenever
>>    possible) to attract traffic from non-LISP sites towards EIDs in the
>>    covered range.  They do the mapping system lookup, and encapsulate
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 13]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>>    received packets towards the appropriate ETR.  Note that for the
>>    reverse path LISP sites can reach non-LISP sites simply by not
>>    encapsulating traffic.  See [I-D.ietf-lisp-interworking] for a
>>    detailed description of P-ITR functionality.
>>
>>    The success of new protocols depends greatly on their ability to
>>    maintain backwards compatibility and inter-operate with the
>>    protocol(s) they intend to enhance or replace, and on the incentives
>>    to deploy the necessary new software or equipment.  A LISP site needs
>>    an interworking mechanism to be reachable from non-LISP sites.  A
>>    P-ITR can fulfill this role, enabling early adopters to see the
>>    benefits of LISP, similar to tunnel brokers helping the transition
>>    from IPv4 to IPv6.  A site benefits from new LISP functionality
>>    (proportionally with existing global LISP deployment) when going
>>    LISP, so it has the incentives to deploy the necessary tunnel
>>    routers.  In order to be reachable from non-LISP sites it has two
>>    options: keep announcing its prefix(es) with BGP, or have a P-ITR
>>    announce prefix(es) covering them.
>>
>>    If the goal of reducing the DFZ routing table size is to be reached,
>>    the second option is preferred.  Moreover, the second option allows
>>    LISP-based ingress traffic engineering from all sites.  However, the
>>    placement of P-ITRs significantly influences performance and
>>    deployment incentives.  Section 5 is dedicated to the migration to a
>>    LISP-enabled Internet, and includes deployment scenarios for P-ITRs.
>>
>> 4.2.  P-ETR
>>
>>    In contrast to P-ITRs, P-ETRs are not required for the correct
>>    functioning of all LISP sites.  There are two cases, where they can
>>    be of great help:
>>
>>    o  LISP sites with unicast reverse path forwarding (uRPF)
>>       restrictions, and
>>
>>    o  Communication between sites using different address family RLOCs.
>>
>>    In the first case, uRPF filtering is applied at their upstream PE
>>    router.  When forwarding traffic to non-LISP sites, an ITR does not
>>    encapsulate packets, leaving the original IP headers intact.  As a
>>    result, packets will have EIDs in their source address.  Since we are
>>    discussing the transition period, we can assume that a prefix
>>    covering the EIDs belonging to the LISP site is advertised to the
>>    global routing tables by a P-ITR, and the PE router has a route
>>    towards it.  However, the next hop will not be on the interface
>>    towards the CE router, so non-encapsulated packets will fail uRPF
>>    checks.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 14]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>>    To avoid this filtering, the affected ITR encapsulates packets
>>    towards the locator of the P-ETR for non-LISP destinations.  Now the
>>    source address of the packets, as seen by the PE router is the ITR's
>>    locator, which will not fail the uRPF check.  The P-ETR then
>>    decapsulates and forwards the packets.
>>
>>    The second use case is IPv4-to-IPv6 transition.  Service providers
>>    using older access network hardware, which only supports IPv4 can
>>    still offer IPv6 to their clients, by providing a CPE device running
>>    LISP, and P-ETR(s) for accessing IPv6-only non-LISP sites and LISP
>>    sites, with IPv6-only locators.  Packets originating from the client
>>    LISP site for these destinations would be encapsulated towards the
>>    P-ETR's IPv4 locator.  The P-ETR is in a native IPv6 network,
>>    decapsulating and forwarding packets.  For non-LISP destination, the
>>    packet travels natively from the P-ETR.  For LISP destinations with
>>    IPv6-only locators, the packet will go through a P-ITR, in order to
>>    reach its destination.
>>
>>    For more details on P-ETRs see the [I-D.ietf-lisp-interworking]
>>    draft.
>>
>>    P-ETRs can be deployed by ISPs wishing to offer value-added services
>>    to their customers.  As is the case with P-ITRs, P-ETRs too may
>>    introduce path stretch.  Because of this the ISP needs to consider
>>    the tradeoff of using several devices, close to the customers, to
>>    minimize it, or few devices, farther away from the customers,
>>    minimizing cost instead.
>>
>>    Since the deployment incentives for P-ITRs and P-ETRs are different,
>>    it is likely they will be deployed in separate devices, except for
>>    the CDN case, which may deploy both in a single device.
>>
>>    In all cases, the existence of a P-ETR involves another step in the
>>    configuration of a LISP router.  CPE routers, which are typically
>>    configured by DHCP, stand to benefit most from P-ETRs.
>>    Autoconfiguration of the P-ETR locator could be achieved by a DHCP
>>    option, or adding a P-ETR field to either Map-Notifys or Map-Replies.
>>
>>    As a security measure, access to P-ETRs should be limited to
>>    legitimate users by enforcing ACLs.
>>
>>
>> 5.  Migration to LISP
>>
>>    This section discusses a deployment architecture to support the
>>    migration to a LISP-enabled Internet.  The loosely defined terms of
>>    "early transition phase", "late transition phase", and "LISP Internet
>>    phase" refer to time periods when LISP sites are a minority, a
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 15]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>>    majority, or represent all edge networks respectively.
>>
>> 5.1.  LISP+BGP
>>
>>    For sites wishing to go LISP with their PI prefix the least
>>    disruptive way is to upgrade their border routers to support LISP,
>>    register the prefix into the LISP mapping system, but keep announcing
>>    it with BGP as well.  This way LISP sites will reach them over LISP,
>>    while legacy sites will be unaffected by the change.  The main
>>    disadvantage of this approach is that no decrease in the DFZ routing
>>    table size is achieved.  Still, just increasing the number of LISP
>>    sites is an important gain, as an increasing LISP/non-LISP site ratio
>>    will slowly decrease the need for BGP-based traffic engineering that
>>    leads to prefix deaggregation.  That, in turn, may lead to a decrease
>>    in the DFZ size in the late transition phase.
>
> and potentially the churn (except maybe because of PITR)

Thanks, will mention that. Even with PITRs, churn should be reduced,
sice they are supposed to announce the aggregates.

>>    This scenario is not limited to sites that already have their
>>    prefixes announced with BGP.  Newly allocated EID blocks could follow
>>    this strategy as well during the early LISP deployment phase,
>>    depending on the cost/benefit analysis of the individual networks.
>>    Since this leads to an increase in the DFZ size, the following
>>    architecture should be preferred for new allocations.
>>
>> 5.2.  Mapping Service Provider (MSP) P-ITR Service
>>
>>    In addition to publishing their clients' registered prefixes in the
>>    mapping system, MSPs with enough transit capacity can offer them
>>    P-ITR service as a separate service.  This service is especially
>>    useful for new PI allocations, to sites without existing BGP
>>    infrastructure, that wish to avoid BGP altogether.  The MSP announces
>>    the prefix into the DFZ, and the client benefits from ingress traffic
>>    engineering without prefix deaggregation.  The downside of this
>>    scenario is adding path stretch.
>>
>>    Routing all non-LISP ingress traffic through a third party which is
>>    not one of its ISPs is only feasible for sites with modest amounts of
>>    traffic (like those using the IPv6 tunnel broker services today),
>>    especially in the first stage of the transition to LISP, with a
>>    significant number of legacy sites.  When the LISP/non-LISP site
>>    ratio becomes high enough, this approach can prove increasingly
>>    attractive.
>>
>>    Compared to LISP+BGP, this approach avoids DFZ bloat caused by prefix
>>    deaggregation for traffic engineering purposes, resulting in slower
>>    routing table increase in the case of new allocations and potential
>>    decrease for existing ones.  Moreover, MSPs serving different clients
>>    with adjacent aggregable prefixes may lead to additional decrease,
>>    but quantifying this decrease is subject to future research study.
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 16]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>> 5.3.  Proxy-ITR Route Distribution (PITR-RD)
>>
>>    Instead of a LISP site, or the MSP, announcing their EIDs with BGP to
>>    the DFZ, this function can be outsourced to a third party, a P-ITR
>>    Service Provider (PSP).  This will result in a decrease of the
>>    operational complexity both at the site and at the MSP.
>>
>>    The PSP manages a set of distributed P-ITR(s) that will advertise the
>>    corresponding EID prefixes through BGP to the DFZ.  These P-ITR(s)
>>    will then encapsulate the traffic they receive for those EIDs towards
>>    the RLOCs of the LISP site, ensuring their reachability from non-LISP
>>    sites.
>>
>>    While it is possible for a PSP to manually configure each client's
>>    EID routes to be announced, this approach offers little flexibility
>>    and is not scalable.  This section presents a scalable architecture
>>    that offers automatic distribution of EID routes to LISP sites and
>>    service providers.
>>
>>    The architecture requires no modification to existing LISP network
>>    elements, but it introduces a new (conceptual) network element, the
>>    EID Route Server, defined as a router that either propagates routes
>>    learned from other EID Route Servers, or it originates EID Routes.
>>    The EID-Routes that it originates are those that it is authoritative
>>    for.  It propagates these routes to Proxy-ITRs within the AS of the
>>    EID Route Server.  It is worth to note that a BGP capable router can
>>    be also considered as an EID Route Server.
>>
>>    Further, an EID-Route is defined as a prefix originated via the Route
>>    Server of the mapping service provider, which should be aggregated if
>>    the MSP has multiple customers inside a single netblock. 
> define netblock

s/netblock/prefix/

>>  This prefix
>>    is propagated to other P-ITRs both within the MSP and to other P-ITR
>>    operators it peers with.  EID Route Servers are operated either by
>>    the LISP site, MSPs or PSPs, and they may be collocated with a Map-
>>    Server or P-ITR, but are a functionally discrete entity.  They
>>    distribute EID-Routes, using BGP, to other domains, according to
>>    policies set by participants.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 17]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>>                               MSP (AS64500)
>>                               RS ---> P-ITR
>>                                |        /
>>                                |  _.--./
>>                               ,-''    /`--.
>>              LISP site   ---,' |     v     `.
>>                            (   |   DFZ       )----- Mapping system
>>          non-LISP site   ----. |    ^      ,'
>>                               `--. /   _.-'
>>                                |  `--''
>>                                v /
>>                              P-ITR
>>                              PSP (AS64501)
>>
>>             Figure 5: The P-ITR Route Distribution architecture
>>
>>    The architecture described above decouples EID origination from route
>>    propagation, with the following benefits:
>>
>>    o  Can accurately represent business relationships between P-ITR
>>       operators
>>
>>    o  More mapping system agnostic
>>
>>    o  Minor changes to P-ITR implementation, no changes to other
>>       components
>>
>>    In the example in the figure we have a MSP providing services to the
>>    LISP site.  The LISP site does not run BGP, and gets an EID
>>    allocation directly from a RIR, or from the MSP, who may be a LIR.
>>    Existing PI allocations can be migrated as well.  The MSP ensures the
>>    presence of the prefix in the mapping system, and runs an EID Route
>>    Server to distribute it to P-ITR service providers.  Since the LISP
>>    site does not run BGP, the prefix will be originated with the AS
>>    number of the MSP.
>>
>>    In the simple case depicted in Figure 5 the EID-Route of LISP Site
>>    will be originated by the Route Server, and announced to the DFZ by
>>    the PSP's P-ITRs with AS path 64501 64500.  From that point on, the
>>    usual BGP dynamics apply.  This way, routes announced by P-ITR are
>>    still originated by the authoritative Route Server.  Note that the
>>    peering relationships between MSP/PSPs and those in the underlying
>>    forwarding plane may not be congruent, making the AS path to a P-ITR
>>    shorter than it is in reality.
>>
>>    The non-LISP site will select the best path towards the EID-prefix,
>>    according to its local BGP policies.  Since AS-path length is usually
>>    an important metric for selecting paths, a careful placement of P-ITR
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 18]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>>    could significantly reduce path-stretch between LISP and non-LISP
>>    sites.
>>
>>    The architecture allows for flexible policies between MSP/PSPs.
>>    Consider the EID Route Server networks as control plane overlays,
>>    facilitating the implementation of policies necessary to reflect the
>>    business relationships between participants.  The results are then
>>    injected to the common underlying forwarding plane.  For example,
>>    some MSP/PSPs may agree to exchange EID-Prefixes and only announce
>>    them to each of their forwarding plane customers.  Global
>>    reachability of an EID-prefix depends on the MSP the LISP site buys
>>    service from, and is also subject to agreement between the mentioned
>>    parties.
>>
>>    In terms of impact on the DFZ, this architecture results in a slower
>>    routing table increase for new allocations, since traffic engineering
>>    will be done at the LISP level.  For existing allocations migrating
>>    to LISP, the DFZ may decrease since MSPs may be able to aggregate the
>>    prefixes announced.
>>
>>    Compared to LISP+BGP, this approach avoids DFZ bloat caused by prefix
>>    deaggregation for traffic engineering purposes, resulting in slower
>>    routing table increase in the case of new allocations and potential
>>    decrease for existing ones.  Moreover, MSPs serving different clients
>>    with adjacent aggregable prefixes may lead to additional decrease,
>>    but quantifying this decrease is subject to future research study.
>>
>>    The flexibility and scalability of this architecture does not come
>>    without a cost however: A PSP operator has to establish either
>>    transit or peering relationships to improve their connectivity.
> What's happening when sites have to change their EID? for example
> after a network merge.
>
>> 5.4.  Migration Summary
>>
>>    The following table presents the expected effects of the different
>>    transition scenarios during a certain phase on the DFZ routing table
>>    size:
>>
>>     Phase            | LISP+BGP     | MSP P-ITR       | PITR-RD
>>     -----------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------
>>     Early transition | no change    | slower increase | slower increase
>>     Late transition  | may decrease | slower increase | slower increase
>>     LISP Internet    |             considerable decrease
>>
> The "considerable decrease" depends on where LISP is deployed, if it
> is very close to the
> hosts, maybe it would not be so considerable.

We assumed deployment on leaf AS border routers.

>
>>    It is expected that PITR-RD will co-exist with LISP+BGP during the
>>    migration, with the latter being more popular in the early transition
>>    phase.  As the transition progresses and the MSP P-ITR and PITR-RD
>>    ecosystem gets more ubiquitous, LISP+BGP should become less
>>    attractive, slowing down the increase of the number of routes in the
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 19]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>>    DFZ.
>>
>>
>> 6.  Step-by-Step Example BGP to LISP Migration Procedure
>>
>> 6.1.  Customer Pre-Install and Pre-Turn-up Checklist
>>
>>    1.  Determine how many current physical service provider connections
>>        the customer has and their existing bandwidth and traffic
>>        engineering requirements.
>>
>>        This information will determine the number of routing locators,
>>        and the priorities and weights that should be configured on the
>>        xTRs.
>>
>>    2.  Make sure customer router has LISP capabilities.
>>
>>        *  Obtain output of 'show version' from the CE router.
>>
> too Cisco ;-)
> uname -a is another way :-D

Agreed :)

>>           This information can be used to determine if the platform is
>>           appropriate to support LISP, in order to determine if a
>>           software and/or hardware upgrade is required.
>>
>>        *  Have customer upgrade (if necessary, software and/or hardware)
>>           to be LISP capable.
>>
>>    3.  Obtain current running configuration of CE router.  A suggested
>>        LISP router configuration example can be customized to the
>>        customer's existing environment.
>>
>>    4.  Verify MTU Handling
>>
>>        *  Request increase in MTU to (1556) 
>
> why parenthesis?

Typo, will fix.

>
>> on service provider
>>           connections.  Prior to MTU change verify that 1500 byte packet
>>           from P-xTR to RLOC with do not fragment (DF-bit) bit set.
>>
>>        *  Ensure they are not filtering ICMP unreachable or time-
>>           exceeded on their firewall or router.
>>
>>        LISP, like any tunneling protocol, will increase the size of
>>        packets when the LISP header is appended.  If increasing the MTU
>>        of the access links is not possible, care must be taken that ICMP
>>        is not being filtered in order to allow for Path MTU Discovery to
>>        take place.
>>
>>    5.  Validate member prefix allocation.
>>
>>        This step is to check if the prefix used by the customer is a
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 20]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>>        direct (Provider Independent), or if it is a prefix assigned by a
>>        physical service provider (Provider Allocated).
>
> I always thought PA meant "Provider Aggregatable".

Will change, since according to a quick Google search "Provider
Aggregatable" address space is more common, but we've seen "Provider
Allocated" used quite often as well.

>>   If the prefixes
>>        are assigned by other service provivers then a Letter of
>>        Agreement is required to announce prefixes through the Proxy
>>        Service Provider.
>>
>>    6.  Verify the member RLOCs and their reachability.
>>
>>        This step ensures that the RLOCs configured on the CE router are
>>        in fact reachable and working.
>>
>>    7.  Prepare for cut-over.
>>
>>        *  If possible, have a host outside of all security and filtering
>>           policies connected to the console port of the edge router or
>>           switch.
>>
>>        *  Make sure customer has access to the router in order to
>>           configure it.
>>
>> 6.2.  Customer Activating LISP Service
>>
>>    1.  Customer configures LISP on CE router(s) from service provider
>>        recommended configuration.
>>
>>        The LISP configuration consists of the EID prefix, the locators,
>>        and the weights and priorities of the mapping between the two
>>        values.  In addition, the xTR must be configured with Map-
>>        Resolver(s), Map-Server(s) and the shared key for registering to
>>        Map-Server(s).  If required, Proxy-ETR(s) may be configured as
>>        well.
>>
>>        In addition to the LISP configuration, the following:
>>
>>        *  Ensure default route(s) to next-hop external neighbors are
>>           included and RLOCs are present in configuration.
>>
>>        *  If two or more routers are used, ensure all RLOCs are included
>>           in the LISP configuration on all routers.
>>
>>        *  It will be necessary to redistribute default route via IGP
>>           between the external routers.
>>
>>    2.  When transition is ready perform a soft shutdown on existing eBGP
>>        peer session(s)
>>
>>        *  From CE router, use LIG to ensure registration is successful.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 21]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
>>
>>        *  To verify LISP connectivity, ping LISP connected sites.  See
>>           http://www.lisp4.net/ and/or http://www.lisp6.net/ for
>>           potential candidates.
>>
>>        *  To verify connectivity to non-LISP sites, try accessing
> a landmark (e.g., a 
>>  major
>>           Internet sites via a web browser.
> ).

I had some input on this from Paul Vinciguerra as well, will have to
expand a bit on this.

>> 6.3.  Cut-Over Provider Preparation and Changes
>>
>>    1.  Verify site configuration and then active registration on Map-
>>        Server(s)
>>
>>        *  Authentication key
>>
>>        *  EID prefix
>>
>>    2.  Add EID space to map-cache on proxies
>>
>>    3.  Add networks to BGP advertisement on proxies
>>
>>        *  Modify route-maps/policies on P-xTRs
>>
>>        *  Modify route policies on core routers (if non-connected
>>           member)
>>
>>        *  Modify ingress policers on core routers
>>
>>        *  Ensure route announcement in looking glass servers, RouteViews
>>
>>    4.  Perform traffic verification test
>>
>>        *  Ensure MTU handling is as expected (PMTUD working)
>>
>>        *  Ensure proxy-ITR map-cache population
>>
>>        *  Ensure access from traceroute/ping servers around Internet
>>
>>        *  Use a looking glass, to check for external visibility of
>>           registration via several Map-Resolvers (e.g.,
>>           http://lispmon.net/).
>>
>>
>> 7.  Security Considerations
>>
>>    Security implications of LISP deployments are to be discussed in
>>    separate documents.  [I-D.saucez-lisp-security]
> draft-ietf-lisp-threats-03

Thanks, will fix.

>>  gives an overview of
>>    LISP threat models, while securing mapping lookups is discussed in
>>    [I-D.ietf-lisp-sec].
>>
>>
>>
>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 22]
>> 
>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>
> [snip]
>
> Damien Saucez

Thanks again for the great review Damien!

-Lori

From ljakab@ac.upc.edu  Mon Jan 21 09:44:39 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] WG Last Call for draft-ietf-lisp-deployment
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On 01/21/13 19:06, Damien Saucez wrote:
> comments inline
>
> On 21 Jan 2013, at 10:42, Lori Jakab <ljakab@ac.upc.edu> wrote:
>
>> Hi Damien,
>>
>> Many thanks for the review. See responses inline:
>>
>> On 01/15/13 00:15, Damien Saucez wrote:
>>> Hello,
>>>
>>> Comments inline
>> [...]
>>
>>>>   LISP site:  A single host or a set of network elements in an edge
>>>>      network under the administrative control of a single organization,
>>>>      delimited from other networks by LISP Tunnel Router(s).
>>>>
>>>>   Since LISP is a protocol which can be used for different purposes, it
>>>>   is important to identify possible deployment scenarios and the
>>>>   additional requirements they may impose on the protocol specification
>>>>   and other protocols.  Additionally, this document is intended as a
>>>>   guide for the operational community for LISP deployments in their
>>>>   networks.  It is expected to evolve as LISP deployment progresses,
>>>>   and the described scenarios are better understood or new scenarios
>>>>   are discovered.
>>>>
>>> maybe describe rapidly what an network element is.
>> Not sure it is really necessary, but how about something like:
>>
>>    Network element: active or passive device that is used for
>>    transporting packet switched data.
> ok
>>
>>>>   Each subsection considers an element type, discussing the impact of
>>>>   deployment scenarios on the protocol specification.  For definition
>>>>   of terms, please refer to the appropriate documents (as cited in the
>>>>   respective sections).
>>>> 2.  Tunnel Routers
>>>>
>>>>   LISP is a map-and-encap protocol, with the main goal of improving
>>>>   global routing scalability.  To achieve its goal, it introduces
>>>>   several new network elements, each performing specific functions
>>>>   necessary to separate the edge from the core. 
>>> wouldn't this clearer in Sec. 1? It is important for the general
>>> understanding.
>> Agree, will move.
>>
>> [...]
>>
>>>>   From the LISP site perspective the main advantage of this type of
>>>>   deployment (compared to the one described in the next section) is
>>>>   having direct control over its ingress traffic engineering.  This
>>>>   makes it is 
>>> remove is?
>> Thanks for catching this.
>>
>> [...]
>>
>>>>   Another thing to consider when placing tunnel routers are MTU issues.
>>>>   Since encapsulating packets increases overhead, the MTU of the end-
>>>>   to-end path may decrease, when encapsulated packets need to travel
>>>>   over segments having close to minimum MTU.  Some transit networks are
>>>>   known to provide larger MTU than the typical value of 1500 bytes of
>>>>   popular access technologies used at end hosts (e.g., IEEE 802.3 and
>>>>   802.11).  However, placing the LISP router connecting to such a
>>>>   network at the customer edge could possibly bring up MTU issues,
>>>>   depending on the link type to the provider as opposed to the
>>>>   following scenario.
>>> counter measures for that (e.g.,  any special setup that can be done
>>> to minimise the risk
>>> a client is not working properly because of MTU)
>> That could be a lenghty discussion.  LISP sites should check with their
>> providers and make sure they offer links with the required MTU. They
>> should also be able to check for themselves.
> is there any IETF document that could be pointed out for that?

RFC4459 could be a good candidate.

>>>> 2.2.  Provider Edge
>>>>
>>>>   The other location at the core-edge boundary for deploying LISP
>>>>   routers is at the Internet service provider edge.  The main incentive
>>>>   for this case is that the customer does not have to upgrade the CE
>>>>   router(s), or change the configuration of any equipment.
>>>>   Encapsulation/decapsulation happens in the provider's network, which
>>>>   may be able to serve several customers with a single device.  For
>>>>   large ISPs with many residential/business customers asking for LISP
>>>>   this can lead to important savings, since there is no need to upgrade
>>>>   the software (or hardware, if it's the case) at each client's
>>>>   location.  Instead, they can upgrade the software (or hardware) on a
>>>>   few PE routers serving the customers.  This scenario is depicted in
>>>>   Figure 2.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                 [Page 5]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>                  +----------+        +------------------+
>>>>                  |   ISP1   |        |       ISP2       |
>>>>                  |          |        |                  |
>>>>                  |  +----+  |        |  +----+  +----+  |
>>>>                  +--|xTR1|--+        +--|xTR2|--|xTR3|--+
>>>>                     +----+              +----+  +----+
>>>>                        |                  |       |
>>>>                        |                  |       |
>>>>                        +--<[LISP site]>---+-------+
>>>>
>>>>                          Figure 2: xTR at the PE
>>>>
>>>>   While this approach can make transition easy for customers and may be
>>>>   cheaper for providers, the LISP site looses one of the main benefits
>>>>   of LISP: ingress traffic engineering.  Since the provider controls
>>>>   the ETRs, additional complexity would be needed to allow customers to
>>>>   modify their mapping entries.
>>> or the client can have some form of access to the configuration (a bit
>>> like tagging route with
>>> special communities in BGP to tell the ISP to which of its operator
>>> not advertise the route)
>> Yes, that's what the "additional complexity" above refers to: you need
>> more stuff to make it work.
>>
>>>>   The problem is aggravated when the LISP site is multihomed.  Consider
>>>>   the scenario in Figure 2: whenever a change to TE policies is
>>>>   required, the customer contacts both ISP1 and ISP2 to make the
>>>>   necessary changes on the routers (if they provide this possibility).
>>> ok, cf supra
>>>>   It is however unlikely, that both ISPs will apply changes
>>>>   simultaneously, which may lead to inconsistent state for the mappings
>>>>   of the LISP site.  Since the different upstream ISPs are usually
>>>>   competing business entities, the ETRs may even be configured to
>>>>   compete, either to attract all the traffic or to get no traffic.  The
>>>>   former will happen if the customer pays per volume, the latter if the
>>>>   connectivity has a fixed price.  A solution could be to have the
>>>>   mappings in the Map-Server(s), and have their operator give control
>>>>   over the entries to customer, much like in the Domain Name System at
>>>>   the time of this writing.
>>>>
>>>>   Additionally, since xTR1, xTR2, and xTR3 are in different
>>>>   administrative domains, locator reachability information is unlikely
>>>>   to be exchanged among them, making it difficult to set Loc-Status-
>>>>   Bits correctly on encapsulated packets.
>>>>
>>> IMHO this document should suggest not to use LSB in the Internet case
>>> deployment
>> Only for the above reason, or due to security concerns?
> For me, the main reason not to use LSB in Internet is the problem
> of definition of reachability, what does mean a LSB full of 1? It is not
> because the one that set the LSB can reach all the RLOCs that it will
> be the case for ITR sending the packet based on what it sees from the
> LSB.

I see your point. Still, I would like more opinions on this before
making recommendations. Will start a new thread.

>
>>>>   Compared to the customer edge scenario, deploying LISP at the
>>>>   provider edge might have the advantage of diminishing potential MTU
>>>>   issues, because the tunnel router is closer to the core, where links
>>>>   typically have higher MTUs than edge network links.
>>>>
>>>> 2.3.  Split ITR/ETR
>>>>
>>>>   In a simple LISP deployment, xTRs are located at the border of the
>>>>   LISP site (see Section 2.1).  In this scenario packets are routed
>>>>   inside the domain according to the EID.  However, more complex
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                 [Page 6]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>   networks may want to route packets according to the destination RLOC.
>>>>   This would enable them to choose the best egress point.
>>>>
>>>>   The LISP specification separates the ITR and ETR functionality and
>>>>   considers that both entities can be deployed in separated network
>>>>   equipment.  ITRs can be deployed closer to the host (i.e., access
>>>>   routers).  This way packets are encapsulated as soon as possible, and
>>>>   packets exit the network through the best egress point in terms of
>>>>   BGP policy.  In turn, ETRs can be deployed at the border routers of
>>>>   the network, and packets are decapsulated as soon as possible.  Once
>>>>   decapsulated, packets are routed based on destination EID, according
>>>>   to internal routing policy.
>>>>
>>>>   In the following figure we can see an example.  The Source (S)
>>>>   transmits packets using its EID and in this particular case packets
>>>>   are encapsulated at ITR_1.  The encapsulated packets are routed
>>>>   inside the domain according to the destination RLOC, and can egress
>>>>   the network through the best point (i.e., closer to the RLOC's AS).
>>>>   On the other hand, inbound packets are received by ETR_1 which
>>>>   decapsulates them.  Then packets are routed towards S according to
>>>>   the EID, again following the best path.
>>>>
>>>>      +---------------------------------------+
>>>>      |                                       |
>>>>      |       +-------+                   +-------+         +-------+
>>>>      |       | ITR_1 |---------+         | ETR_1 |-RLOC_A--| ISP_A |
>>>>      |       +-------+         |         +-------+         +-------+
>>>>      |  +-+        |           |             |
>>>>      |  |S|        |    IGP    |             |
>>>>      |  +-+        |           |             |
>>>>      |       +-------+         |         +-------+         +-------+
>>>>      |       | ITR_2 |---------+         | ETR_2 |-RLOC_B--| ISP_B |
>>>>      |       +-------+                   +-------+         +-------+
>>>>      |                                       |
>>>>      +---------------------------------------+
>>>>
>>>>                     Figure 3: Split ITR/ETR Scenario
>>>>
>>>>   This scenario has a set of implications:
>>>>
>>>>   o  The site must carry at least partial BGP routes in order to choose
>>>>      the best egress point, increasing the complexity of the network.
>>>>      However, this is usually already the case for LISP sites that
>>>>      would benefit from this scenario.
>>>>
>>>>   o  If the site is multihomed to different ISPs and any of the
>>>>      upstream ISPs is doing uRPF filtering, this scenario may become
>>>>      impractical.  ITRs need to determine the exit ETR, for setting the
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                 [Page 7]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>      correct source RLOC in the encapsulation header.  This adds
>>>>      complexity and reliability concerns.
>>>>
>>>>   o  In LISP, ITRs set the reachability bits when encapsulating data
>>>>      packets.  Hence, ITRs need a mechanism to be aware of the liveness
>>>>      of all ETRs serving their site.
>>>>
>>>>   o  MTU within the site network must be large enough to accommodate
>>>>      encapsulated packets.
>>>>
>>>>   o  In this scenario, each ITR is serving fewer hosts than in the case
>>>>      when it is deployed at the border of the network.  It has been
>>>>      shown that cache hit ratio grows logarithmically with the amount
>>>>      of users [cache].  Taking this into account, when ITRs are
>>>>      deployed closer to the host the effectiveness of the mapping cache
>>>>      may be lower (i.e., the miss ratio is higher).  Another
>>>>      consequence of this is that the site may transmit a higher amount
>>>>      of Map-Requests, increasing the load on the distributed mapping
>>>>      database.
>>>>
>>> one possible solution is to aggregate Map-Requests with a hierarchy
>>> (à-la DDT).
>> You mean having site-local caching Map-Resolvers?
> yes, or regional

ok.

>>>> 2.4.  Inter-Service Provider Traffic Engineering
>>>>
>>>>   With LISP, two LISP sites can route packets among them and control
>>>>   their ingress TE policies.  Typically, LISP is seen as applicable to
>>>>   stub networks, however the LISP protocol can also be applied to
>>>>   transit networks recursively.
>>>>
>>>>   Consider the scenario depicted in Figure 4.  Packets originating from
>>>>   the LISP site Stub1, client of ISP_A, with destination Stub4, client
>>>>   of ISP_B, are LISP encapsulated at their entry point into the ISP_A's
>>>>   network.  The external IP header now has as the source RLOC an IP
>>>>   from ISP_A's address space and destination RLOC from ISP_B's address
>>>>   space.  One or more ASes separate ISP_A from ISP_B. With a single
>>>>   level of LISP encapsulation, Stub4 has control over its ingress
>>>>   traffic.  However, at the time of this writing, ISP_B has only BGP
>>>>   tools (such as prefix deaggregation) to control on which of his own
>>>>   upstream or peering links should packets enter.  This is either not
>>>>   feasible (if fine-grained per-customer control is required, the very
>>>>   specific prefixes may not be propagated) or increases DFZ table size.
>>>>
>>>>                                  _.--.
>>>>    Stub1 ...   +-------+      ,-''     `--.      +-------+   ... Stub3
>>>>             \  |   R_A1|----,'             `. ---|R_B1   |  /
>>>>              --|   R_A2|---(     Transit     )   |       |--
>>>>    Stub2 .../  |   R_A3|-----.             ,' ---|R_B2   |  \... Stub4
>>>>                +-------+      `--.     _.-'      +-------+
>>>>          ...     ISP_A            `--''            ISP_B     ...
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                 [Page 8]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>               Figure 4: Inter-Service provider TE scenario
>>>>
>>>>   A solution for this is to apply LISP recursively.  ISP_A and ISP_B
>>>>   may reach a bilateral agreement to deploy their own private mapping
>>>>   system.  ISP_A then encapsulates packets destined for the prefixes of
>>>>   ISP_B, which are listed in the shared mapping system.  Note that in
>>>>   this case the packet is double-encapsulated (using R_A1, R_A2 or R_A3
>>>>   as source and R_B1 or R_B2 as destination in the example above).
>>>>   ISP_B's ETR removes the outer, second layer of LISP encapsulation
>>>>   from the incoming packet, and routes it towards the original RLOC,
>>>>   the ETR of Stub4, which does the final decapsulation.
>>>>
>>> if there is bilateral agreement, could we imagine single encapsulation
>>> and use instance-id
>>> to differentiate with the "source" able to install mappings at the
>>> second tier?
>> I think this would remove the elegance of the LISP solution by going
>> back to MPLS style LSPs.  But it may be a solution preferred by some,
>> choice is good, so I'll mention it ;)
>>
> If LISP can be used to implement MPLS, it is a strength of LISP :-D
>
>>>>   If ISP_A and ISP_B agree to share a private distributed mapping
>>>>   database, both can control their ingress TE without the need of
>>>>   deaggregating prefixes.  In this scenario the private database
>>>>   contains RLOC-to-RLOC bindings.  The convergence time on the TE
>>>>   policies updates is expected to be fast, since ISPs only have to
>>>>   update/query a mapping to/from the database.
>>> but convergence is O(TTL) or then specify to use SMR or Versioning
>> Maybe we should spell that out it the document, but we expected the
>> usual LISP mechanism for keeping mappings up to date (SMR/Versioning)
>> will be used.
> right, but it is good to keep in mind that it might not be possible to get
> sub-second or sub-50ms resiliency with LISP. At least with the current
> specifications. However, we are currently working on it and I am
> convinced that we will be able to react as fast just with good deployment
> and configuration.
>
>>>>   This deployment scenario includes two important caveats.  First, it
>>>>   is intended to be deployed between only two ISPs (ISP_A and ISP_B in
>>>>   Figure 4).  If more than two ISPs use this approach, then the xTRs
>>>>   deployed at the participating ISPs must either query multiple mapping
>>>>   systems, or the ISPs must agree on a common shared mapping system.
>>>>   Second, the scenario is only recommended for ISPs providing
>>>>   connectivity to LISP sites, such that source RLOCs of packets to be
>>>>   reencapsulated belong to said ISP.  Otherwise the participating ISPs
>>>>   must register prefixes they do not own in the above mentioned private
>>>>   mapping system.  Failure to follow these recommendations may lead to
>>>>   operational and security issues when deploying this scenario.
>>>>
>>>>   Besides these recommendations, the main disadvantages of this
>>>>   deployment case are:
>>>>
>>>>   o  Extra LISP header is needed.  This increases the packet size and
>>>>      requires that the MTU between both ISPs accommodates double-
>>>>      encapsulated packets.
>>>>
>>>>   o  The ISP ITR must encapsulate packets and therefore must know the
>>>>      RLOC-to-RLOC binding.  These bindings are stored in a mapping
>>>>      database and may be cached in the ITR's mapping cache.  Cache
>>>>      misses lead to an additional lookup latency, unless a push based
>>>>      mapping system is used for the private mapping system.
>>>>
>>>>   o  The operational overhead of maintaining the shared mapping
>>>>      database.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                 [Page 9]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>   o  If an IPv6 address block is reserved for EID use, as specified in
>>>>      [I-D.ietf-lisp-eid-block], the EID-to-RLOC encapsulation (first
>>>>      level) can avoid LISP processing altogether for non-LISP
>>>>      destinations.  The ISP tunnel routers however will not be able to
>>>>      take advantage of this optimization, all RLOC-to-RLOC mappings
>>>>      need a lookup in the private database (or map-cache, once results
>>>>      are cached).
>>>>
>>>> 2.5.  Tunnel Routers Behind NAT
>>>>
>>>>   NAT in this section refers to IPv4 network address and port
>>>>   translation.
>>>>
>>>> 2.5.1.  ITR
>>>>
>>>>   Packets encapsulated by an ITR are just UDP packets from a NAT
>>>>   device's point of view, and they are handled like any UDP packet,
>>>>   there are no additional requirements for LISP data packets.
>>>>
>>>>   Map-Requests sent by an ITR, which create the state in the NAT table,
>>>>   have a different 5-tuple in the IP header than the Map-Reply
>>>>   generated by the authoritative ETR.  Since the source address of this
>>>>   packet is different from the destination address of the request
>>>>   packet, no state will be matched in the NAT table and the packet will
>>>>   be dropped.  To avoid this, the NAT device has to do the following:
>>>>
>>>>   o  Send all UDP packets with source port 4342, regardless of the
>>>>      destination port, to the RLOC of the ITR.  The most simple way to
>>>>      achieve this is configuring 1:1 NAT mode from the external RLOC of
>>>>      the NAT device to the ITR's RLOC (Called "DMZ" mode in consumer
>>>>      broadband routers).
>>>>
>>>>   o  Rewrite the ITR-AFI and "Originating ITR RLOC Address" fields in
>>>>      the payload.
>>>>
>>>>   This setup supports a single ITR behind the NAT device.
>>>>
>>>> 2.5.2.  ETR
>>>>
>>>>   An ETR placed behind NAT is reachable from the outside by the
>>>>   Internet-facing locator of the NAT device.  It needs to know this
>>>>   locator (and configure a loopback interface with it), so that it can
>>>>   use it in Map-Reply and Map-Register messages.  Thus support for
>>>>   dynamic locators for the mapping database is needed in LISP
>>>>   equipment.
>>>>
>>>>   Again, only one ETR behind the NAT device is supported.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 10]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>   An implication of the issues described above is that LISP sites with
>>>>   xTRs can not be behind carrier based NATs, since two different sites
>>>>   would collide on the port forwarding.
>>>>
>>>> 2.6.  Summary and Feature Matrix
>>>>
>>>>          Feature                         CE    PE    Split   Rec.
>>>>          --------------------------------------------------------
>>>>          Control of ingress TE            x     -      x      x
>>>>          No modifications to existing
>>>>             int. network infrastructure   x     x      -      -
>>>>          Loc-Status-Bits sync             x     -      x      x
>>>>          MTU/PMTUD issues minimized       -     x      -      x
>>>>
>>> Does Rec. mean recursive? if so, make it explicit
>> Yes, will do.
>>
>>>> 3.  Map-Resolvers and Map-Servers
>>>>
>>>> 3.1.  Map-Servers
>>>>
>>> s/Map-Server/Map Server/ga
>> Thanks, will do.
>>
>>>>   The Map-Server learns EID-to-RLOC mapping entries from an
>>>>   authoritative source and publishes them in the distributed mapping
>>>>   database.  These entries are learned through authenticated Map-
>>>>   Register messages sent by authoritative ETRs.  Also, upon reception
>>>>   of a Map-Request, the Map-Server verifies that the destination EID
>>>>   matches an EID-prefix for which it is authoritative for, and then re-
>>>>   encapsulates and forwards it to a matching ETR.  Map-Server
>>>>   functionality is described in detail in [I-D.ietf-lisp-ms].
>>>>
>>>>   The Map-Server is provided by a Mapping Service Provider (MSP).  A
>>>>   MSP can be any of the following:
>>>>
>>>>   o  EID registrar.  Since the IPv4 address space is nearing
>>>>      exhaustion, IPv4 EIDs will come from already allocated Provider
>>>>      Independent (PI) space.  The registrars in this case remain the
>>>>      current five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs).  In the case of
>>>>      IPv6, the possibility of reserving a /16 block as EID space is
>>>>      currently under consideration [I-D.ietf-lisp-eid-block].  If
>>>>      granted by IANA, the community will have to determine the body
>>>>      responsible for allocations from this block, and the associated
>>>>      policies.  Existing allocation policies apply to EIDs outside this
>>>>      block.
>>>>
>>>>   o  Third parties.  Participating in the LISP mapping system is
>>>>      similar to participating in global routing or DNS: as long as
>>>>      there is at least another already participating entity willing to
>>>>      forward the newcomer's traffic, there is no barrier to entry.
>>>>      Still, just like routing and DNS, LISP mappings have the issue of
>>>>      trust, with efforts underway to make the published information
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 11]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>      verifiable.  When these mechanisms will be deployed in the LISP
>>>>      mapping system, the burden of providing and verifying trust should
>>>>      be kept away from MSPs, which will simply host the secured
>>>>      mappings.  This will keep the low barrier of entry to become an
>>>>      MSP for third parties.
>>>>
>>>>   In all cases, the MSP configures its Map-Server(s) to publish the
>>>>   prefixes of its clients in the distributed mapping database and start
>>>>   encapsulating and forwarding Map-Requests to the ETRs of the AS.
>>>>   These ETRs register their prefix(es) with the Map-Server(s) through
>>>>   periodic authenticated Map-Register messages.  In this context, for
>>>>   some LISP end sites, there is a need for mechanisms to:
>>>>
>>> how periodic (suggestion of good timers)?
>> The Map Server interface draft has some authoritative text on this, we I
>> didn't discuss it here:
>>
>>   Map-Register messages are sent periodically from an ETR to a Map
>>   Server with a suggested interval between messages of one minute.  A
>>   Map Server should time-out and remove an ETR's registration if it has
>>   not received a valid Map-Register message within the past three
>>   minutes.  When first contacting a Map Server after restart or changes
>>   to its EID-to-RLOC database mappings, an ETR may initially send Map-
>>   Register messages at an increased frequency, up to one every 20
>>   seconds.  This "quick registration" period is limited to five minutes
>>   in duration.
>>
>> Maybe add a pointer to the MS draft?
> yes with a sentence like. "More details can be fond in []..."

ok.

>
>>
>>
>>>>   o  Automatically distribute EID prefix(es) shared keys between the
>>>>      ETRs and the EID-registrar Map-Server.
>>>>
>>>>   o  Dynamically obtain the address of the Map-Server in the ETR of the
>>>>      AS.
>>>>
>>>>   The Map-Server plays a key role in the reachability of the EID-
>>>>   prefixes it is serving.  On the one hand it is publishing these
>>>>   prefixes into the distributed mapping database and on the other hand
>>>>   it is encapsulating and forwarding Map-Requests to the authoritative
>>>>   ETRs of these prefixes.  ITRs encapsulating towards EIDs under the
>>>>   responsibility of a failed Map-Server will be unable to look up any
>>>>   of their covering prefixes.  The only exception are the ITRs that
>>>>   already contain the mappings in their local cache.  In this case ITRs
>>>>   can reach ETRs until the entry expires (typically 24 hours). 
>>> where does the "typically 24h" come from?
>> Initial popular Beta network configurations.  Should we remove the
>> parenthesis?
>>
> the question was more general: why 24h has been chosen.

I will let those that chose this TTL to chime in :P  Would it be better
to just remove the parentheses as it may not be true in the future?

>
>
>>>> For
>>>>   this reason, redundant Map-Server deployments are desirable.  A set
>>>>   of Map-Servers providing high-availability service to the same set of
>>>>   prefixes is called a redundancy group.  ETRs are configured to send
>>>>   Map-Register messages to all Map-Servers in the redundancy group.  To
>>>>   achieve fail-over (or load-balancing, if desired),
>>>> known mapping
>>>>   system specific best practices should be used.
>>>>
>>> what is meant by this very sentence?
>> If we were to use ALT, use BGP best practices, if we were to use DDT,
>> which has a similar design to DDT
> DNS :-D
>> , use applicable DNS best practices.
>>
> ok
>
>>>>   Additionally, if a Map-Server has no reachability for any ETR serving
>>>>   a given EID block, it should not originate that block into the
>>>>   mapping system.
>>> why?
>> It doesn't receive Map-Registers, so it doesn't have up to date
>> information, and the registration will time out (based on an
>> implementation specific timer). Returning forward-native may be the best
>> choice here, because packets to the ETRs may still find their way
>> through PITRs if it's only the MS that lost reachability and there is
>> another MS in the redundancy group.
> ok
>>>> 3.2.  Map-Resolvers
>>>>
>>> s/Map-Resolver/Map Resolver/ga
>> Thanks, will do.
>>
>>>>   A Map-Resolver a is a network infrastructure component which accepts
>>>>   LISP encapsulated Map-Requests, typically from an ITR, and finds the
>>>>   appropriate EID-to-RLOC mapping by either consulting its local cache
>>>>   or by consulting the distributed mapping database.  Map-Resolver
>>>>   functionality is described in detail in [I-D.ietf-lisp-ms].
>>>>
>>>>   Anyone with access to the distributed mapping database can set up a
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 12]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>   Map-Resolver and provide EID-to-RLOC mapping lookup service.
>>>>   Database access setup is mapping system specific.
>>>>
>>>>   For performance reasons, it is recommended that LISP sites use Map-
>>>>   Resolvers that are topologically close to their ITRs.  ISPs
>>>>   supporting LISP will provide this service to their customers,
>>>>   possibly restricting access to their user base.  LISP sites not in
>>>>   this position can use open access Map-Resolvers, if available.
>>>>   However, regardless of the availability of open access resolvers, the
>>>>   MSP providing the Map-Server(s) for a LISP site should also make
>>>>   available Map-Resolver(s) for the use of that site.
>>>>
>>>>   In medium to large-size ASes, ITRs must be configured with the RLOC
>>>>   of a Map-Resolver, operation which can be done manually.  However, in
>>>>   Small Office Home Office (SOHO) scenarios a mechanism for
>>>>   autoconfiguration should be provided.
>>>>
>>>>   One solution to avoid manual configuration in LISP sites of any size
>>>>   is the use of anycast RLOCs for Map-Resolvers similar to the DNS root
>>>>   server infrastructure.  Since LISP uses UDP encapsulation, the use of
>>>>   anycast would not affect reliability.
>>> maybe change the term reliability because anycast actually improves
>>> reliability, isnt'it?
>> You are right.  Reliability here was used as a comparison to TCP over
>> anycast, which can be unstable.  How about "Since LISP control traffic
>> is UDP based, using anycast would improve reliability." ?
> ok
>>>>  LISP routers are then shipped
>>>>   with a preconfigured list of well know Map-Resolver RLOCs, which can
>>>>   be edited by the network administrator, if needed.
>>>>
>>>>   The use of anycast also helps improving mapping lookup performance.
>>>>   Large MSPs can increase the number and geographical diversity of
>>>>   their Map-Resolver infrastructure, using a single anycasted RLOC.
>>>>   Once LISP deployment is advanced enough, very large content providers
>>>>   may also be interested running this kind of setup, to ensure minimal
>>>>   connection setup latency for those connecting to their network from
>>>>   LISP sites.
>>>>
>>>>   While Map-Servers and Map-Resolvers implement different
>>>>   functionalities within the LISP mapping system, they can coexist on
>>>>   the same device.  For example, MSPs offering both services, can
>>>>   deploy a single Map-Resolver/Map-Server in each PoP where they have a
>>>>   presence.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> 4.  Proxy Tunnel Routers
>>>>
>>>> 4.1.  P-ITR
>>>>
>>>>   Proxy Ingress Tunnel Routers (P-ITRs) are part of the non-LISP/LISP
>>>>   transition mechanism, allowing non-LISP sites to reach LISP sites.
>>>>   They announce via BGP certain EID prefixes (aggregated, whenever
>>>>   possible) to attract traffic from non-LISP sites towards EIDs in the
>>>>   covered range.  They do the mapping system lookup, and encapsulate
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 13]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>   received packets towards the appropriate ETR.  Note that for the
>>>>   reverse path LISP sites can reach non-LISP sites simply by not
>>>>   encapsulating traffic.  See [I-D.ietf-lisp-interworking] for a
>>>>   detailed description of P-ITR functionality.
>>>>
>>>>   The success of new protocols depends greatly on their ability to
>>>>   maintain backwards compatibility and inter-operate with the
>>>>   protocol(s) they intend to enhance or replace, and on the incentives
>>>>   to deploy the necessary new software or equipment.  A LISP site needs
>>>>   an interworking mechanism to be reachable from non-LISP sites.  A
>>>>   P-ITR can fulfill this role, enabling early adopters to see the
>>>>   benefits of LISP, similar to tunnel brokers helping the transition
>>>>   from IPv4 to IPv6.  A site benefits from new LISP functionality
>>>>   (proportionally with existing global LISP deployment) when going
>>>>   LISP, so it has the incentives to deploy the necessary tunnel
>>>>   routers.  In order to be reachable from non-LISP sites it has two
>>>>   options: keep announcing its prefix(es) with BGP, or have a P-ITR
>>>>   announce prefix(es) covering them.
>>>>
>>>>   If the goal of reducing the DFZ routing table size is to be reached,
>>>>   the second option is preferred.  Moreover, the second option allows
>>>>   LISP-based ingress traffic engineering from all sites.  However, the
>>>>   placement of P-ITRs significantly influences performance and
>>>>   deployment incentives.  Section 5 is dedicated to the migration to a
>>>>   LISP-enabled Internet, and includes deployment scenarios for P-ITRs.
>>>>
>>>> 4.2.  P-ETR
>>>>
>>>>   In contrast to P-ITRs, P-ETRs are not required for the correct
>>>>   functioning of all LISP sites.  There are two cases, where they can
>>>>   be of great help:
>>>>
>>>>   o  LISP sites with unicast reverse path forwarding (uRPF)
>>>>      restrictions, and
>>>>
>>>>   o  Communication between sites using different address family RLOCs.
>>>>
>>>>   In the first case, uRPF filtering is applied at their upstream PE
>>>>   router.  When forwarding traffic to non-LISP sites, an ITR does not
>>>>   encapsulate packets, leaving the original IP headers intact.  As a
>>>>   result, packets will have EIDs in their source address.  Since we are
>>>>   discussing the transition period, we can assume that a prefix
>>>>   covering the EIDs belonging to the LISP site is advertised to the
>>>>   global routing tables by a P-ITR, and the PE router has a route
>>>>   towards it.  However, the next hop will not be on the interface
>>>>   towards the CE router, so non-encapsulated packets will fail uRPF
>>>>   checks.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 14]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>   To avoid this filtering, the affected ITR encapsulates packets
>>>>   towards the locator of the P-ETR for non-LISP destinations.  Now the
>>>>   source address of the packets, as seen by the PE router is the ITR's
>>>>   locator, which will not fail the uRPF check.  The P-ETR then
>>>>   decapsulates and forwards the packets.
>>>>
>>>>   The second use case is IPv4-to-IPv6 transition.  Service providers
>>>>   using older access network hardware, which only supports IPv4 can
>>>>   still offer IPv6 to their clients, by providing a CPE device running
>>>>   LISP, and P-ETR(s) for accessing IPv6-only non-LISP sites and LISP
>>>>   sites, with IPv6-only locators.  Packets originating from the client
>>>>   LISP site for these destinations would be encapsulated towards the
>>>>   P-ETR's IPv4 locator.  The P-ETR is in a native IPv6 network,
>>>>   decapsulating and forwarding packets.  For non-LISP destination, the
>>>>   packet travels natively from the P-ETR.  For LISP destinations with
>>>>   IPv6-only locators, the packet will go through a P-ITR, in order to
>>>>   reach its destination.
>>>>
>>>>   For more details on P-ETRs see the [I-D.ietf-lisp-interworking]
>>>>   draft.
>>>>
>>>>   P-ETRs can be deployed by ISPs wishing to offer value-added services
>>>>   to their customers.  As is the case with P-ITRs, P-ETRs too may
>>>>   introduce path stretch.  Because of this the ISP needs to consider
>>>>   the tradeoff of using several devices, close to the customers, to
>>>>   minimize it, or few devices, farther away from the customers,
>>>>   minimizing cost instead.
>>>>
>>>>   Since the deployment incentives for P-ITRs and P-ETRs are different,
>>>>   it is likely they will be deployed in separate devices, except for
>>>>   the CDN case, which may deploy both in a single device.
>>>>
>>>>   In all cases, the existence of a P-ETR involves another step in the
>>>>   configuration of a LISP router.  CPE routers, which are typically
>>>>   configured by DHCP, stand to benefit most from P-ETRs.
>>>>   Autoconfiguration of the P-ETR locator could be achieved by a DHCP
>>>>   option, or adding a P-ETR field to either Map-Notifys or Map-Replies.
>>>>
>>>>   As a security measure, access to P-ETRs should be limited to
>>>>   legitimate users by enforcing ACLs.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> 5.  Migration to LISP
>>>>
>>>>   This section discusses a deployment architecture to support the
>>>>   migration to a LISP-enabled Internet.  The loosely defined terms of
>>>>   "early transition phase", "late transition phase", and "LISP Internet
>>>>   phase" refer to time periods when LISP sites are a minority, a
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 15]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>   majority, or represent all edge networks respectively.
>>>>
>>>> 5.1.  LISP+BGP
>>>>
>>>>   For sites wishing to go LISP with their PI prefix the least
>>>>   disruptive way is to upgrade their border routers to support LISP,
>>>>   register the prefix into the LISP mapping system, but keep announcing
>>>>   it with BGP as well.  This way LISP sites will reach them over LISP,
>>>>   while legacy sites will be unaffected by the change.  The main
>>>>   disadvantage of this approach is that no decrease in the DFZ routing
>>>>   table size is achieved.  Still, just increasing the number of LISP
>>>>   sites is an important gain, as an increasing LISP/non-LISP site ratio
>>>>   will slowly decrease the need for BGP-based traffic engineering that
>>>>   leads to prefix deaggregation.  That, in turn, may lead to a decrease
>>>>   in the DFZ size in the late transition phase.
>>> and potentially the churn (except maybe because of PITR)
>> Thanks, will mention that. Even with PITRs, churn should be reduced,
>> sice they are supposed to announce the aggregates.
>>
>>>>   This scenario is not limited to sites that already have their
>>>>   prefixes announced with BGP.  Newly allocated EID blocks could follow
>>>>   this strategy as well during the early LISP deployment phase,
>>>>   depending on the cost/benefit analysis of the individual networks.
>>>>   Since this leads to an increase in the DFZ size, the following
>>>>   architecture should be preferred for new allocations.
>>>>
>>>> 5.2.  Mapping Service Provider (MSP) P-ITR Service
>>>>
>>>>   In addition to publishing their clients' registered prefixes in the
>>>>   mapping system, MSPs with enough transit capacity can offer them
>>>>   P-ITR service as a separate service.  This service is especially
>>>>   useful for new PI allocations, to sites without existing BGP
>>>>   infrastructure, that wish to avoid BGP altogether.  The MSP announces
>>>>   the prefix into the DFZ, and the client benefits from ingress traffic
>>>>   engineering without prefix deaggregation.  The downside of this
>>>>   scenario is adding path stretch.
>>>>
>>>>   Routing all non-LISP ingress traffic through a third party which is
>>>>   not one of its ISPs is only feasible for sites with modest amounts of
>>>>   traffic (like those using the IPv6 tunnel broker services today),
>>>>   especially in the first stage of the transition to LISP, with a
>>>>   significant number of legacy sites.  When the LISP/non-LISP site
>>>>   ratio becomes high enough, this approach can prove increasingly
>>>>   attractive.
>>>>
>>>>   Compared to LISP+BGP, this approach avoids DFZ bloat caused by prefix
>>>>   deaggregation for traffic engineering purposes, resulting in slower
>>>>   routing table increase in the case of new allocations and potential
>>>>   decrease for existing ones.  Moreover, MSPs serving different clients
>>>>   with adjacent aggregable prefixes may lead to additional decrease,
>>>>   but quantifying this decrease is subject to future research study.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 16]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> 5.3.  Proxy-ITR Route Distribution (PITR-RD)
>>>>
>>>>   Instead of a LISP site, or the MSP, announcing their EIDs with BGP to
>>>>   the DFZ, this function can be outsourced to a third party, a P-ITR
>>>>   Service Provider (PSP).  This will result in a decrease of the
>>>>   operational complexity both at the site and at the MSP.
>>>>
>>>>   The PSP manages a set of distributed P-ITR(s) that will advertise the
>>>>   corresponding EID prefixes through BGP to the DFZ.  These P-ITR(s)
>>>>   will then encapsulate the traffic they receive for those EIDs towards
>>>>   the RLOCs of the LISP site, ensuring their reachability from non-LISP
>>>>   sites.
>>>>
>>>>   While it is possible for a PSP to manually configure each client's
>>>>   EID routes to be announced, this approach offers little flexibility
>>>>   and is not scalable.  This section presents a scalable architecture
>>>>   that offers automatic distribution of EID routes to LISP sites and
>>>>   service providers.
>>>>
>>>>   The architecture requires no modification to existing LISP network
>>>>   elements, but it introduces a new (conceptual) network element, the
>>>>   EID Route Server, defined as a router that either propagates routes
>>>>   learned from other EID Route Servers, or it originates EID Routes.
>>>>   The EID-Routes that it originates are those that it is authoritative
>>>>   for.  It propagates these routes to Proxy-ITRs within the AS of the
>>>>   EID Route Server.  It is worth to note that a BGP capable router can
>>>>   be also considered as an EID Route Server.
>>>>
>>>>   Further, an EID-Route is defined as a prefix originated via the Route
>>>>   Server of the mapping service provider, which should be aggregated if
>>>>   the MSP has multiple customers inside a single netblock. 
>>> define netblock
>> s/netblock/prefix/
>>
> ok
>
>>>> This prefix
>>>>   is propagated to other P-ITRs both within the MSP and to other P-ITR
>>>>   operators it peers with.  EID Route Servers are operated either by
>>>>   the LISP site, MSPs or PSPs, and they may be collocated with a Map-
>>>>   Server or P-ITR, but are a functionally discrete entity.  They
>>>>   distribute EID-Routes, using BGP, to other domains, according to
>>>>   policies set by participants.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 17]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>                              MSP (AS64500)
>>>>                              RS ---> P-ITR
>>>>                               |        /
>>>>                               |  _.--./
>>>>                              ,-''    /`--.
>>>>             LISP site   ---,' |     v     `.
>>>>                           (   |   DFZ       )----- Mapping system
>>>>         non-LISP site   ----. |    ^      ,'
>>>>                              `--. /   _.-'
>>>>                               |  `--''
>>>>                               v /
>>>>                             P-ITR
>>>>                             PSP (AS64501)
>>>>
>>>>            Figure 5: The P-ITR Route Distribution architecture
>>>>
>>>>   The architecture described above decouples EID origination from route
>>>>   propagation, with the following benefits:
>>>>
>>>>   o  Can accurately represent business relationships between P-ITR
>>>>      operators
>>>>
>>>>   o  More mapping system agnostic
>>>>
>>>>   o  Minor changes to P-ITR implementation, no changes to other
>>>>      components
>>>>
>>>>   In the example in the figure we have a MSP providing services to the
>>>>   LISP site.  The LISP site does not run BGP, and gets an EID
>>>>   allocation directly from a RIR, or from the MSP, who may be a LIR.
>>>>   Existing PI allocations can be migrated as well.  The MSP ensures the
>>>>   presence of the prefix in the mapping system, and runs an EID Route
>>>>   Server to distribute it to P-ITR service providers.  Since the LISP
>>>>   site does not run BGP, the prefix will be originated with the AS
>>>>   number of the MSP.
>>>>
>>>>   In the simple case depicted in Figure 5 the EID-Route of LISP Site
>>>>   will be originated by the Route Server, and announced to the DFZ by
>>>>   the PSP's P-ITRs with AS path 64501 64500.  From that point on, the
>>>>   usual BGP dynamics apply.  This way, routes announced by P-ITR are
>>>>   still originated by the authoritative Route Server.  Note that the
>>>>   peering relationships between MSP/PSPs and those in the underlying
>>>>   forwarding plane may not be congruent, making the AS path to a P-ITR
>>>>   shorter than it is in reality.
>>>>
>>>>   The non-LISP site will select the best path towards the EID-prefix,
>>>>   according to its local BGP policies.  Since AS-path length is usually
>>>>   an important metric for selecting paths, a careful placement of P-ITR
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 18]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>   could significantly reduce path-stretch between LISP and non-LISP
>>>>   sites.
>>>>
>>>>   The architecture allows for flexible policies between MSP/PSPs.
>>>>   Consider the EID Route Server networks as control plane overlays,
>>>>   facilitating the implementation of policies necessary to reflect the
>>>>   business relationships between participants.  The results are then
>>>>   injected to the common underlying forwarding plane.  For example,
>>>>   some MSP/PSPs may agree to exchange EID-Prefixes and only announce
>>>>   them to each of their forwarding plane customers.  Global
>>>>   reachability of an EID-prefix depends on the MSP the LISP site buys
>>>>   service from, and is also subject to agreement between the mentioned
>>>>   parties.
>>>>
>>>>   In terms of impact on the DFZ, this architecture results in a slower
>>>>   routing table increase for new allocations, since traffic engineering
>>>>   will be done at the LISP level.  For existing allocations migrating
>>>>   to LISP, the DFZ may decrease since MSPs may be able to aggregate the
>>>>   prefixes announced.
>>>>
>>>>   Compared to LISP+BGP, this approach avoids DFZ bloat caused by prefix
>>>>   deaggregation for traffic engineering purposes, resulting in slower
>>>>   routing table increase in the case of new allocations and potential
>>>>   decrease for existing ones.  Moreover, MSPs serving different clients
>>>>   with adjacent aggregable prefixes may lead to additional decrease,
>>>>   but quantifying this decrease is subject to future research study.
>>>>
>>>>   The flexibility and scalability of this architecture does not come
>>>>   without a cost however: A PSP operator has to establish either
>>>>   transit or peering relationships to improve their connectivity.
>>> What's happening when sites have to change their EID? for example
>>> after a network merge.
>>>
>>>> 5.4.  Migration Summary
>>>>
>>>>   The following table presents the expected effects of the different
>>>>   transition scenarios during a certain phase on the DFZ routing table
>>>>   size:
>>>>
>>>>    Phase            | LISP+BGP     | MSP P-ITR       | PITR-RD
>>>>    -----------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------
>>>>    Early transition | no change    | slower increase | slower increase
>>>>    Late transition  | may decrease | slower increase | slower increase
>>>>    LISP Internet    |             considerable decrease
>>>>
>>> The "considerable decrease" depends on where LISP is deployed, if it
>>> is very close to the
>>> hosts, maybe it would not be so considerable.
>> We assumed deployment on leaf AS border routers.
> maybe make it explicit here

It was stated in Section 2.1, you think we should repeat it here?

>
>>>>   It is expected that PITR-RD will co-exist with LISP+BGP during the
>>>>   migration, with the latter being more popular in the early transition
>>>>   phase.  As the transition progresses and the MSP P-ITR and PITR-RD
>>>>   ecosystem gets more ubiquitous, LISP+BGP should become less
>>>>   attractive, slowing down the increase of the number of routes in the
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 19]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>   DFZ.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> 6.  Step-by-Step Example BGP to LISP Migration Procedure
>>>>
>>>> 6.1.  Customer Pre-Install and Pre-Turn-up Checklist
>>>>
>>>>   1.  Determine how many current physical service provider connections
>>>>       the customer has and their existing bandwidth and traffic
>>>>       engineering requirements.
>>>>
>>>>       This information will determine the number of routing locators,
>>>>       and the priorities and weights that should be configured on the
>>>>       xTRs.
>>>>
>>>>   2.  Make sure customer router has LISP capabilities.
>>>>
>>>>       *  Obtain output of 'show version' from the CE router.
>>>>
>>> too Cisco ;-)
>>> uname -a is another way :-D
>> Agreed :)
>>
>>>>          This information can be used to determine if the platform is
>>>>          appropriate to support LISP, in order to determine if a
>>>>          software and/or hardware upgrade is required.
>>>>
>>>>       *  Have customer upgrade (if necessary, software and/or hardware)
>>>>          to be LISP capable.
>>>>
>>>>   3.  Obtain current running configuration of CE router.  A suggested
>>>>       LISP router configuration example can be customized to the
>>>>       customer's existing environment.
>>>>
>>>>   4.  Verify MTU Handling
>>>>
>>>>       *  Request increase in MTU to (1556) 
>>> why parenthesis?
>> Typo, will fix.
>>
>>>> on service provider
>>>>          connections.  Prior to MTU change verify that 1500 byte packet
>>>>          from P-xTR to RLOC with do not fragment (DF-bit) bit set.
>>>>
>>>>       *  Ensure they are not filtering ICMP unreachable or time-
>>>>          exceeded on their firewall or router.
>>>>
>>>>       LISP, like any tunneling protocol, will increase the size of
>>>>       packets when the LISP header is appended.  If increasing the MTU
>>>>       of the access links is not possible, care must be taken that ICMP
>>>>       is not being filtered in order to allow for Path MTU Discovery to
>>>>       take place.
>>>>
>>>>   5.  Validate member prefix allocation.
>>>>
>>>>       This step is to check if the prefix used by the customer is a
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 20]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>       direct (Provider Independent), or if it is a prefix assigned by a
>>>>       physical service provider (Provider Allocated).
>>> I always thought PA meant "Provider Aggregatable".
>> Will change, since according to a quick Google search "Provider
>> Aggregatable" address space is more common, but we've seen "Provider
>> Allocated" used quite often as well.
>>
>>>>  If the prefixes
>>>>       are assigned by other service provivers then a Letter of
>>>>       Agreement is required to announce prefixes through the Proxy
>>>>       Service Provider.
>>>>
>>>>   6.  Verify the member RLOCs and their reachability.
>>>>
>>>>       This step ensures that the RLOCs configured on the CE router are
>>>>       in fact reachable and working.
>>>>
>>>>   7.  Prepare for cut-over.
>>>>
>>>>       *  If possible, have a host outside of all security and filtering
>>>>          policies connected to the console port of the edge router or
>>>>          switch.
>>>>
>>>>       *  Make sure customer has access to the router in order to
>>>>          configure it.
>>>>
>>>> 6.2.  Customer Activating LISP Service
>>>>
>>>>   1.  Customer configures LISP on CE router(s) from service provider
>>>>       recommended configuration.
>>>>
>>>>       The LISP configuration consists of the EID prefix, the locators,
>>>>       and the weights and priorities of the mapping between the two
>>>>       values.  In addition, the xTR must be configured with Map-
>>>>       Resolver(s), Map-Server(s) and the shared key for registering to
>>>>       Map-Server(s).  If required, Proxy-ETR(s) may be configured as
>>>>       well.
>>>>
>>>>       In addition to the LISP configuration, the following:
>>>>
>>>>       *  Ensure default route(s) to next-hop external neighbors are
>>>>          included and RLOCs are present in configuration.
>>>>
>>>>       *  If two or more routers are used, ensure all RLOCs are included
>>>>          in the LISP configuration on all routers.
>>>>
>>>>       *  It will be necessary to redistribute default route via IGP
>>>>          between the external routers.
>>>>
>>>>   2.  When transition is ready perform a soft shutdown on existing eBGP
>>>>       peer session(s)
>>>>
>>>>       *  From CE router, use LIG to ensure registration is successful.
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 21]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>       *  To verify LISP connectivity, ping LISP connected sites.  See
>>>>          http://www.lisp4.net/ and/or http://www.lisp6.net/ for
>>>>          potential candidates.
>>>>
>>>>       *  To verify connectivity to non-LISP sites, try accessing
>>> a landmark (e.g., a 
>>>> major
>>>>          Internet sites via a web browser.
>>> ).
>> I had some input on this from Paul Vinciguerra as well, will have to
>> expand a bit on this.
>>
>>>> 6.3.  Cut-Over Provider Preparation and Changes
>>>>
>>>>   1.  Verify site configuration and then active registration on Map-
>>>>       Server(s)
>>>>
>>>>       *  Authentication key
>>>>
>>>>       *  EID prefix
>>>>
>>>>   2.  Add EID space to map-cache on proxies
>>>>
>>>>   3.  Add networks to BGP advertisement on proxies
>>>>
>>>>       *  Modify route-maps/policies on P-xTRs
>>>>
>>>>       *  Modify route policies on core routers (if non-connected
>>>>          member)
>>>>
>>>>       *  Modify ingress policers on core routers
>>>>
>>>>       *  Ensure route announcement in looking glass servers, RouteViews
>>>>
>>>>   4.  Perform traffic verification test
>>>>
>>>>       *  Ensure MTU handling is as expected (PMTUD working)
>>>>
>>>>       *  Ensure proxy-ITR map-cache population
>>>>
>>>>       *  Ensure access from traceroute/ping servers around Internet
>>>>
>>>>       *  Use a looking glass, to check for external visibility of
>>>>          registration via several Map-Resolvers (e.g.,
>>>>          http://lispmon.net/).
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> 7.  Security Considerations
>>>>
>>>>   Security implications of LISP deployments are to be discussed in
>>>>   separate documents.  [I-D.saucez-lisp-security]
>>> draft-ietf-lisp-threats-03
>> Thanks, will fix.
>>
>>>> gives an overview of
>>>>   LISP threat models, while securing mapping lookups is discussed in
>>>>   [I-D.ietf-lisp-sec].
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>
>>>> Jakab, et al.            Expires April 23, 2013                [Page 22]
>>>>
>>>> Internet-Draft               LISP Deployment                October 2012
>>>>
>>> [snip]
>>>
>>> Damien Saucez
>> Thanks again for the great review Damien!
>>
>> -Lori
> Cheers,
>
> Damien Saucez

-Lori
>


From ljakab@ac.upc.edu  Mon Jan 21 09:46:54 2013
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Subject: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment? (was: Re: WG Last Call for draft-ietf-lisp-deployment)
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Hi folks,

Damien is suggesting we recommend LSB not to be used for the
Internet-wide deployment of LISP, see below.

What do you think?

Best regards,
-Lori

On 01/21/13 19:06, Damien Saucez wrote:
> On 21 Jan 2013, at 10:42, Lori Jakab <ljakab@ac.upc.edu> wrote:
>
>> On 01/15/13 00:15, Damien Saucez wrote:
>> [...] 
>>> IMHO this document should suggest not to use LSB in the Internet case
>>> deployment
>> Only for the above reason, or due to security concerns?
> For me, the main reason not to use LSB in Internet is the problem
> of definition of reachability, what does mean a LSB full of 1? It is not
> because the one that set the LSB can reach all the RLOCs that it will
> be the case for ITR sending the packet based on what it sees from the
> LSB.


From jmh@joelhalpern.com  Mon Jan 21 09:57:11 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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Maybe I misunderstand, but I thought the point of the locator status 
bits was to tell me whether the individual ETRs were up, and had 
connectivity to the site that they are serving.  If so, then the 
unpredictability of reachability across the net from the ITR(s) to the 
individual ETRs would seem to be irrelevant.

Yours,
Joel

On 1/21/2013 12:46 PM, Lori Jakab wrote:
> Hi folks,
>
> Damien is suggesting we recommend LSB not to be used for the
> Internet-wide deployment of LISP, see below.
>
> What do you think?
>
> Best regards,
> -Lori
>
> On 01/21/13 19:06, Damien Saucez wrote:
>> On 21 Jan 2013, at 10:42, Lori Jakab <ljakab@ac.upc.edu> wrote:
>>
>>> On 01/15/13 00:15, Damien Saucez wrote:
>>> [...]
>>>> IMHO this document should suggest not to use LSB in the Internet case
>>>> deployment
>>> Only for the above reason, or due to security concerns?
>> For me, the main reason not to use LSB in Internet is the problem
>> of definition of reachability, what does mean a LSB full of 1? It is not
>> because the one that set the LSB can reach all the RLOCs that it will
>> be the case for ITR sending the packet based on what it sees from the
>> LSB.
>
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>

From jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu  Mon Jan 21 13:31:40 2013
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From: jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu (Noel Chiappa)
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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    > From: "Lori Jakab" <ljakab@ac.upc.edu>

    > Damien is suggesting we recommend LSB not to be used for the
    > Internet-wide deployment of LISP, see below.
    > What do you think?

I never liked the blasted things anyway, so I wouldn't lose any sleep if
we did!

(I don't remember off the top of my head why I didn't like them: I think it
was a combination of the fixed number of bits, the fact that it might be
difficult for ETR X to know the state of ETR Y, the fact that 'reachable from
ITR A' [which you _really_ need to have anyway] is a subset of 'up', etc,
etc. But we didn't desperately need the header bits, and the mechanism wasn't
positively harmful, so I didn't bother to put up a big fight over it... :-)


    > From: "Joel M. Halpern" <jmh@joelhalpern.com>

    > I thought the point of the locator status bits was to tell me whether
    > the individual ETRs were up, and had connectivity to the site that they
    > are serving.

Yes, that's my understanding too.

    > If so, then the unpredictability of reachability across the net from
    > the ITR(s) to the individual ETRs would seem to be irrelevant.

See comment above... :-)

	Noel

From farinacci@gmail.com  Mon Jan 21 14:51:23 2013
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From: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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> (I don't remember off the top of my head why I didn't like them: I =
think it
> was a combination of the fixed number of bits, the fact that it might =
be
> difficult for ETR X to know the state of ETR Y, the fact that =
'reachable from
> ITR A' [which you _really_ need to have anyway] is a subset of 'up', =
etc,
> etc. But we didn't desperately need the header bits, and the mechanism =
wasn't
> positively harmful, so I didn't bother to put up a big fight over =
it... :-)

Maybe because they could be spoofed?

But they are good in control environments to take ETRs out of service =
without having to update the mapping database.

Dino



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From: Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net>
To: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>, Noel Chiappa <jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu>
Thread-Topic: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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Dino,

But isn't it troubling that the bits have one meaning in a controlled envir=
onment and another in the great-wide Internet?

                                            Ron


> -----Original Message-----
> From: lisp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
> Dino Farinacci
> Sent: Monday, January 21, 2013 5:51 PM
> To: Noel Chiappa
> Cc: lisp-interest@cisco.com; lisp@ietf.org; lisp-
> beta@external.cisco.com
> Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet
> deployment?
>=20
> > (I don't remember off the top of my head why I didn't like them: I
> > think it was a combination of the fixed number of bits, the fact that
> > it might be difficult for ETR X to know the state of ETR Y, the fact
> > that 'reachable from ITR A' [which you _really_ need to have anyway]
> > is a subset of 'up', etc, etc. But we didn't desperately need the
> > header bits, and the mechanism wasn't positively harmful, so I didn't
> > bother to put up a big fight over it... :-)
>=20
> Maybe because they could be spoofed?
>=20
> But they are good in control environments to take ETRs out of service
> without having to update the mapping database.
>=20
> Dino
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp



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From: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 21 Jan 2013 19:15:14 -0800
To: Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net>
Cc: "lisp-interest@cisco.com" <lisp-interest@cisco.com>, Noel Chiappa <jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu>, "lisp-beta@external.cisco.com" <lisp-beta@external.cisco.com>, "lisp@ietf.org" <lisp@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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They have the same meaning in all environment. It is a question when they sh=
ould be verified. An LSB that changes in a public environment can cause a Ma=
p-Request to be sent and a signed Map-Reply can verify the LSB in  an authen=
ticated matter.=20

Dino

On Jan 21, 2013, at 6:05 PM, Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net> wrote:

> Dino,
>=20
> But isn't it troubling that the bits have one meaning in a controlled envi=
ronment and another in the great-wide Internet?
>=20
>                                            Ron
>=20
>=20
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: lisp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of
>> Dino Farinacci
>> Sent: Monday, January 21, 2013 5:51 PM
>> To: Noel Chiappa
>> Cc: lisp-interest@cisco.com; lisp@ietf.org; lisp-
>> beta@external.cisco.com
>> Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet
>> deployment?
>>=20
>>> (I don't remember off the top of my head why I didn't like them: I
>>> think it was a combination of the fixed number of bits, the fact that
>>> it might be difficult for ETR X to know the state of ETR Y, the fact
>>> that 'reachable from ITR A' [which you _really_ need to have anyway]
>>> is a subset of 'up', etc, etc. But we didn't desperately need the
>>> header bits, and the mechanism wasn't positively harmful, so I didn't
>>> bother to put up a big fight over it... :-)
>>=20
>> Maybe because they could be spoofed?
>>=20
>> But they are good in control environments to take ETRs out of service
>> without having to update the mapping database.
>>=20
>> Dino
>>=20
>>=20
>> _______________________________________________
>> lisp mailing list
>> lisp@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>=20
>=20

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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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Hi All,

the definition of LSB as of the to-be-soon-rfc lisp specification is:

LISP Locator Status Bits (LSBs):  When the L-bit is also set, the
      locator status bits field in the LISP header is set by an ITR to
      indicate to an ETR the up/down status of the Locators in the
      source site.=20

I think that this clears Damien's question since LSB has no =
"reachability" meaning, rather it is a message from the site telling =
"from my perspective ETR X is up and running".

(BTW this may help debugging, since if the ETR is running but not =
reachable from the outside this clearly shows that the problem is along =
the path somewhere. Yeah=85 could be a long path=85 but it is still =
useful information).

The main concern is about security. Obviously LSB can be easily spoofed =
in a public environment and this is documented in section 6.4.1 of the =
draft-ietf-lisp-threats, which recommends:

   Locator Status Bits can be blindly trusted only in secure
   environments.  In the general unsecured Internet environment, the
   safest practice for xTRs is to confirm the status change
   through the mapping system.


So IMHO the thing to do is to simply put a reference to the lisp-threats =
draft about the use of LSBs.

ciao

Luigi





On 22 Jan. 2013, at 04:15 , Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com> wrote:

> They have the same meaning in all environment. It is a question when =
they should be verified. An LSB that changes in a public environment can =
cause a Map-Request to be sent and a signed Map-Reply can verify the LSB =
in  an authenticated matter.=20
>=20
> Dino
>=20
> On Jan 21, 2013, at 6:05 PM, Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net> =
wrote:
>=20
>> Dino,
>>=20
>> But isn't it troubling that the bits have one meaning in a controlled =
environment and another in the great-wide Internet?
>>=20
>>                                           Ron
>>=20
>>=20
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: lisp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf =
Of
>>> Dino Farinacci
>>> Sent: Monday, January 21, 2013 5:51 PM
>>> To: Noel Chiappa
>>> Cc: lisp-interest@cisco.com; lisp@ietf.org; lisp-
>>> beta@external.cisco.com
>>> Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet
>>> deployment?
>>>=20
>>>> (I don't remember off the top of my head why I didn't like them: I
>>>> think it was a combination of the fixed number of bits, the fact =
that
>>>> it might be difficult for ETR X to know the state of ETR Y, the =
fact
>>>> that 'reachable from ITR A' [which you _really_ need to have =
anyway]
>>>> is a subset of 'up', etc, etc. But we didn't desperately need the
>>>> header bits, and the mechanism wasn't positively harmful, so I =
didn't
>>>> bother to put up a big fight over it... :-)
>>>=20
>>> Maybe because they could be spoofed?
>>>=20
>>> But they are good in control environments to take ETRs out of =
service
>>> without having to update the mapping database.
>>>=20
>>> Dino
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> lisp mailing list
>>> lisp@ietf.org
>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>>=20
>>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


--Apple-Mail=_19394E60-DC0D-4436-9F2C-28BC74E55B88
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<html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html =
charset=3Dwindows-1252"></head><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">Hi =
All,<div><br></div><div>the definition of LSB as of the to-be-soon-rfc =
lisp specification is:</div><div><br></div><div><pre class=3D"newpage" =
style=3D"font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
page-break-before: always; ">LISP Locator Status Bits (LSBs):  When the =
L-bit is also set, the
      locator status bits field in the LISP header is set by an ITR to
      indicate to an ETR the up/down status of the Locators in the
      source site. </pre><div><br></div></div><div>I think that this =
clears Damien's question since LSB has no "reachability" meaning, rather =
it is a message from the site telling "from my perspective ETR X is up =
and running".</div><div><br></div><div>(BTW this may help debugging, =
since if the ETR is running but not reachable from the outside this =
clearly shows that the problem is along the path somewhere. Yeah=85 =
could be a long path=85 but it is still useful =
information).</div><div><br></div><div>The main concern is about =
security. Obviously LSB can be easily spoofed in a public environment =
and this is documented in section 6.4.1 of the draft-ietf-lisp-threats, =
which recommends:</div><div><br></div><div><pre class=3D"newpage" =
style=3D"font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
page-break-before: always; ">   Locator Status Bits can be blindly =
trusted only in secure
   environments.  In the general unsecured Internet environment, the
   safest practice for xTRs is to confirm the status change
   through the mapping =
system.</pre><div><br></div></div><div><br></div><div>So IMHO the thing =
to do is to simply put a reference to the lisp-threats draft about the =
use of =
LSBs.</div><div><br></div><div>ciao</div><div><br></div><div>Luigi</div><d=
iv><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br><div><d=
iv>On 22 Jan. 2013, at 04:15 , Dino Farinacci &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:farinacci@gmail.com">farinacci@gmail.com</a>&gt; =
wrote:</div><br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">They have the same meaning in all environment. It is a =
question when they should be verified. An LSB that changes in a public =
environment can cause a Map-Request to be sent and a signed Map-Reply =
can verify the LSB in &nbsp;an authenticated matter. =
<br><br>Dino<br><br>On Jan 21, 2013, at 6:05 PM, Ronald Bonica &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:rbonica@juniper.net">rbonica@juniper.net</a>&gt; =
wrote:<br><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">Dino,<br><br>But isn't it =
troubling that the bits have one meaning in a controlled environment and =
another in the great-wide Internet?<br><br> =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ron<br><br><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">-----Original Message-----<br>From: <a =
href=3D"mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org">lisp-bounces@ietf.org</a> =
[mailto:lisp-<a href=3D"mailto:bounces@ietf.org">bounces@ietf.org</a>] =
On Behalf Of<br>Dino Farinacci<br>Sent: Monday, January 21, 2013 5:51 =
PM<br>To: Noel Chiappa<br>Cc: <a =
href=3D"mailto:lisp-interest@cisco.com">lisp-interest@cisco.com</a>; <a =
href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a>; lisp-<br><a =
href=3D"mailto:beta@external.cisco.com">beta@external.cisco.com</a><br>Sub=
ject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in =
Internet<br>deployment?<br><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">(I don't =
remember off the top of my head why I didn't like them: I<br>think it =
was a combination of the fixed number of bits, the fact that<br>it might =
be difficult for ETR X to know the state of ETR Y, the fact<br>that =
'reachable from ITR A' [which you _really_ need to have anyway]<br>is a =
subset of 'up', etc, etc. But we didn't desperately need the<br>header =
bits, and the mechanism wasn't positively harmful, so I didn't<br>bother =
to put up a big fight over it... :-)<br></blockquote><br>Maybe because =
they could be spoofed?<br><br>But they are good in control environments =
to take ETRs out of service<br>without having to update the mapping =
database.<br><br>Dino<br><br><br>_________________________________________=
______<br>lisp mailing =
list<br>lisp@ietf.org<br>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp<br></b=
lockquote><br><br></blockquote>___________________________________________=
____<br>lisp mailing list<br><a =
href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a><br>https://www.ietf.org/ma=
ilman/listinfo/lisp<br></blockquote></div><br></div></body></html>=

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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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On 1/22/13 10:15 AM, Luigi Iannone wrote:
> Hi All,
>
> the definition of LSB as of the to-be-soon-rfc lisp specification is:
>
> LISP Locator Status Bits (LSBs):  When the L-bit is also set, the
>       locator status bits field in the LISP header is set by an ITR to
>       indicate to an ETR the up/down status of the Locators in the
>       source site. 
>
> I think that this clears Damien's question since LSB has no
> "reachability" meaning, rather it is a message from the site telling
> "from my perspective ETR X is up and running".
>
> (BTW this may help debugging, since if the ETR is running but not
> reachable from the outside this clearly shows that the problem is
> along the path somewhere. Yeahâ€¦ could be a long pathâ€¦ but it is still
> useful information).
>
> The main concern is about security. Obviously LSB can be easily
> spoofed in a public environment and this is documented in section
> 6.4.1 of the draft-ietf-lisp-threats, which recommends:
>
>    Locator Status Bits can be blindly trusted only in secure
>    environments.  In the general unsecured Internet environment, the
>    safest practice for xTRs is to confirm the status change
>    through the mapping system.
>
>
> So IMHO the thing to do is to simply put a reference to the
> lisp-threats draft about the use of LSBs.
>

And actually I would recommend a small change to
draft-ietf-lisp-threats, changing 'through the mapping system' to
'through other means'.  Otherwise it is possible to introduce circular
dependencies.

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<html>
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    <meta content="text/html; charset=UTF-8" http-equiv="Content-Type">
  </head>
  <body bgcolor="#FFFFFF" text="#000000">
    <br>
    <div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 1/22/13 10:15 AM, Luigi Iannone
      wrote:<br>
    </div>
    <blockquote
      cite="mid:93FFF2BE-48D0-4695-A397-1421CE2B1747@gigix.net"
      type="cite">
      <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
      Hi All,
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>the definition of LSB as of the to-be-soon-rfc lisp
        specification is:</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>
        <pre class="newpage" style="font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; page-break-before: always; ">LISP Locator Status Bits (LSBs):  When the L-bit is also set, the
      locator status bits field in the LISP header is set by an ITR to
      indicate to an ETR the up/down status of the Locators in the
      source site. </pre>
        <div><br>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div>I think that this clears Damien's question since LSB has no
        "reachability" meaning, rather it is a message from the site
        telling "from my perspective ETR X is up and running".</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>(BTW this may help debugging, since if the ETR is running but
        not reachable from the outside this clearly shows that the
        problem is along the path somewhere. Yeahâ€¦ could be a long pathâ€¦
        but it is still useful information).</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>The main concern is about security. Obviously LSB can be
        easily spoofed in a public environment and this is documented in
        section 6.4.1 of the draft-ietf-lisp-threats, which recommends:</div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>
        <pre class="newpage" style="font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; page-break-before: always; ">   Locator Status Bits can be blindly trusted only in secure
   environments.  In the general unsecured Internet environment, the
   safest practice for xTRs is to confirm the status change
   through the mapping system.</pre>
        <div><br>
        </div>
      </div>
      <div><br>
      </div>
      <div>So IMHO the thing to do is to simply put a reference to the
        lisp-threats draft about the use of LSBs.</div>
      <br>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    And actually I would recommend a small change to
    draft-ietf-lisp-threats, changing 'through the mapping system' to
    'through other means'.Â  Otherwise it is possible to introduce
    circular dependencies.<br>
  </body>
</html>

--------------020404050000010003070300--

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Subject: [lisp] Understanding DDT
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Hi,

I am trying to understand the DDT protocol and I built a DDT node =
implementation in Python. I am currently doing very simple tests. =
Currently I'm just sending back DELEGATION-HOLE replies for =
37.77.63.0/24 (some of my own address space). When playing with this =
from a Cisco device I get the results I expect from the lisp-rig =
command:

   #lisp-rig 37.77.63.4 to 194.33.96.96
   Send Map-Request to DDT-node 194.33.96.96 ... node referral, rtt: 0 =
ms
    EID-prefix: [0] 37.77.56.0/21, ttl: 1440
    referrals: 83.247.10.218, 87.195.109.18, 2001:9E0:411:1::10, =
2001:9E0:810:1::10

   Send Map-Request to DDT-node 83.247.10.218 ... node referral, rtt: 0 =
ms
    EID-prefix: [0] 37.77.63.0/24, ttl: 1440
    referrals: 94.142.242.210, 2A02:898:148::210

   Send Map-Request to DDT-node 94.142.242.210 ... delegation hole, rtt: =
8 ms
    EID-prefix: [0] 37.77.63.0/24, ttl: 15

But lig fails:

   #lig 37.77.63.66            =20
   ***Did not receive*** mapping information for EID 37.77.63.66
   Displaying information already present in cache:
   36.0.0.0/7, uptime: 00:10:58, expires: 00:03:54, via map-reply, =
forward-native
    Encapsulating to proxy ETR

When I do the same for a delegation-hole on a Cisco device I get:

   #lisp-rig 37.77.62.4 to 194.33.96.96
   Send Map-Request to DDT-node 194.33.96.96 ... node referral, rtt: 0 =
ms
    EID-prefix: [0] 37.77.56.0/21, ttl: 1440
    referrals: 83.247.10.218, 87.195.109.18, 2001:9E0:411:1::10, =
2001:9E0:810:1::10

   Send Map-Request to DDT-node 83.247.10.218 ... delegation hole, rtt: =
0 ms
    EID-prefix: [0] 37.77.62.0/24, ttl: 15

And a reply from lig:

   #lig 37.77.62.66 to 195.50.116.18       =20
   Mapping information for EID 37.77.62.66 from 195.50.116.18 with RTT =
52 msecs
   37.77.62.0/24, uptime: 00:00:00, expires: 00:14:52, via map-reply, =
forward-native
    Encapsulating to proxy ETR

I must be doing something wrong, but I can't find what it is... I =
attached a tiny pcap file with the encapsulated map-requests and the =
corresponding responses I sent out. I really would appreciate it if =
someone could help me out!

Thanks,
Sander

PS: my test implementation is attached to the DDT tree and running, so =
feel free to experiment with it!
PPS: Oh, and the code is available under a BSD license at =
https://github.com/steffann/pylisp of course :-)



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From damien.saucez@gmail.com  Tue Jan 22 02:22:18 2013
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From: Damien Saucez <damien.saucez@gmail.com>
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Date: Tue, 22 Jan 2013 11:22:13 +0100
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References: <20130121213138.D612A18C112@mercury.lcs.mit.edu> <7D5470F9-F554-4FF9-8318-54A486C21CB5@gmail.com> <2CF4CB03E2AA464BA0982EC92A02CE2501E51384@BY2PRD0512MB653.namprd05.prod.outlook.com> <96F26812-148D-43D2-8C81-109B7EE466F9@gmail.com> <93FFF2BE-48D0-4695-A397-1421CE2B1747@gigix.net>
To: Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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On 22 Jan 2013, at 10:15, Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net> wrote:

> Hi All,
>=20
> the definition of LSB as of the to-be-soon-rfc lisp specification is:
>=20
> LISP Locator Status Bits (LSBs):  When the L-bit is also set, the
>       locator status bits field in the LISP header is set by an ITR to
>       indicate to an ETR the up/down status of the Locators in the
>       source site.=20
>=20
> I think that this clears Damien's question since LSB has no =
"reachability" meaning, rather it is a message from the site telling =
"from my perspective ETR X is up and running".
>=20

Yes, it is not a problem of reachability but a question of status. =
However, how is the
status defined but the router that sends the LSB? How does it know that =
the locator
is up or down? How can we make sure that the LSB will be the same, =
whatever router
is building it?

Another question, how bad/good would it be for the traffic if two =
routers give different
LSBs?

> (BTW this may help debugging, since if the ETR is running but not =
reachable from the outside this clearly shows that the problem is along =
the path somewhere. Yeah=85 could be a long path=85 but it is still =
useful information).

I agree, that in a controlled environment LSB can be very helpful to =
debug
the network. In the Internet where the topology is unknown I don't know =
if
it is a very relevant information, but it depends how the LSB is =
constructed.

>=20
> The main concern is about security. Obviously LSB can be easily =
spoofed in a public environment and this is documented in section 6.4.1 =
of the draft-ietf-lisp-threats, which recommends:
>=20
>    Locator Status Bits can be blindly trusted only in secure
>    environments.  In the general unsecured Internet environment, the
>    safest practice for xTRs is to confirm the status change
>    through the mapping system.
>=20
>=20
> So IMHO the thing to do is to simply put a reference to the =
lisp-threats draft about the use of LSBs.
>=20


If the LSB has to be verified, I would then prefer to use versioning.

Damien Saucez


> ciao
>=20
> Luigi
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
> On 22 Jan. 2013, at 04:15 , Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com> =
wrote:
>=20
>> They have the same meaning in all environment. It is a question when =
they should be verified. An LSB that changes in a public environment can =
cause a Map-Request to be sent and a signed Map-Reply can verify the LSB =
in  an authenticated matter.=20
>>=20
>> Dino
>>=20
>> On Jan 21, 2013, at 6:05 PM, Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net> =
wrote:
>>=20
>>> Dino,
>>>=20
>>> But isn't it troubling that the bits have one meaning in a =
controlled environment and another in the great-wide Internet?
>>>=20
>>>                                           Ron
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>> From: lisp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org] On =
Behalf Of
>>>> Dino Farinacci
>>>> Sent: Monday, January 21, 2013 5:51 PM
>>>> To: Noel Chiappa
>>>> Cc: lisp-interest@cisco.com; lisp@ietf.org; lisp-
>>>> beta@external.cisco.com
>>>> Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet
>>>> deployment?
>>>>=20
>>>>> (I don't remember off the top of my head why I didn't like them: I
>>>>> think it was a combination of the fixed number of bits, the fact =
that
>>>>> it might be difficult for ETR X to know the state of ETR Y, the =
fact
>>>>> that 'reachable from ITR A' [which you _really_ need to have =
anyway]
>>>>> is a subset of 'up', etc, etc. But we didn't desperately need the
>>>>> header bits, and the mechanism wasn't positively harmful, so I =
didn't
>>>>> bother to put up a big fight over it... :-)
>>>>=20
>>>> Maybe because they could be spoofed?
>>>>=20
>>>> But they are good in control environments to take ETRs out of =
service
>>>> without having to update the mapping database.
>>>>=20
>>>> Dino
>>>>=20
>>>>=20
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> lisp mailing list
>>>> lisp@ietf.org
>>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>>>=20
>>>=20
>> _______________________________________________
>> lisp mailing list
>> lisp@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


--Apple-Mail=_BDED8206-B76B-477B-8A2A-3F019263F64A
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable
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	charset=windows-1252

<html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html =
charset=3Dwindows-1252"></head><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; =
"><br><div><div>On 22 Jan 2013, at 10:15, Luigi Iannone &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:ggx@gigix.net">ggx@gigix.net</a>&gt; wrote:</div><br =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type=3D"cite"><meta =
http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html =
charset=3Dwindows-1252"><div style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; ">Hi =
All,<div><br></div><div>the definition of LSB as of the to-be-soon-rfc =
lisp specification is:</div><div><br></div><div><pre class=3D"newpage" =
style=3D"font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; =
page-break-before: always; ">LISP Locator Status Bits (LSBs):  When the =
L-bit is also set, the
      locator status bits field in the LISP header is set by an ITR to
      indicate to an ETR the up/down status of the Locators in the
      source site. </pre><div><br></div></div><div>I think that this =
clears Damien's question since LSB has no "reachability" meaning, rather =
it is a message from the site telling "from my perspective ETR X is up =
and =
running".</div><div><br></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>Yes, =
it is not a problem of reachability but a question of status. However, =
how is the</div><div>status defined but the router that sends the LSB? =
How does it know that the locator</div><div>is up or down? How can we =
make sure that the LSB will be the same, whatever router</div><div>is =
building it?</div><div><br></div><div>Another question, how bad/good =
would it be for the traffic if two routers give =
different</div><div>LSBs?</div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><div =
style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div>(BTW this may help =
debugging, since if the ETR is running but not reachable from the =
outside this clearly shows that the problem is along the path somewhere. =
Yeah=85 could be a long path=85 but it is still useful =
information).</div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I agree, that =
in a controlled environment LSB can be very helpful to =
debug</div><div>the network. In the Internet where the topology is =
unknown I don't know if</div><div>it is a very relevant information, but =
it depends how the LSB is constructed.</div><div><br></div><blockquote =
type=3D"cite"><div style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: =
space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; "><div><br></div><div>The =
main concern is about security. Obviously LSB can be easily spoofed in a =
public environment and this is documented in section 6.4.1 of the =
draft-ietf-lisp-threats, which recommends:</div><div><br></div><div><pre =
class=3D"newpage" style=3D"font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; =
margin-bottom: 0px; page-break-before: always; ">   Locator Status Bits =
can be blindly trusted only in secure
   environments.  In the general unsecured Internet environment, the
   safest practice for xTRs is to confirm the status change
   through the mapping =
system.</pre><div><br></div></div><div><br></div><div>So IMHO the thing =
to do is to simply put a reference to the lisp-threats draft about the =
use of =
LSBs.</div><div><br></div></div></blockquote><div><br></div><div><br></div=
><div><div>If the LSB has to be verified, I would then prefer to use =
versioning.</div><div><br></div><div>Damien =
Saucez</div><div><br></div></div><br><blockquote type=3D"cite"><div =
style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; =
-webkit-line-break: after-white-space; =
"><div>ciao</div><div><br></div><div>Luigi</div><div><br></div><div><br></=
div><div><br></div><div><br></div><div><br><div><div>On 22 Jan. 2013, at =
04:15 , Dino Farinacci &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:farinacci@gmail.com">farinacci@gmail.com</a>&gt; =
wrote:</div><br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">They have the same meaning in all environment. It is a =
question when they should be verified. An LSB that changes in a public =
environment can cause a Map-Request to be sent and a signed Map-Reply =
can verify the LSB in &nbsp;an authenticated matter. =
<br><br>Dino<br><br>On Jan 21, 2013, at 6:05 PM, Ronald Bonica &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:rbonica@juniper.net">rbonica@juniper.net</a>&gt; =
wrote:<br><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">Dino,<br><br>But isn't it =
troubling that the bits have one meaning in a controlled environment and =
another in the great-wide Internet?<br><br> =
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ron<br><br><br><blockquote =
type=3D"cite">-----Original Message-----<br>From: <a =
href=3D"mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org">lisp-bounces@ietf.org</a> =
[mailto:lisp-<a href=3D"mailto:bounces@ietf.org">bounces@ietf.org</a>] =
On Behalf Of<br>Dino Farinacci<br>Sent: Monday, January 21, 2013 5:51 =
PM<br>To: Noel Chiappa<br>Cc: <a =
href=3D"mailto:lisp-interest@cisco.com">lisp-interest@cisco.com</a>; <a =
href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a>; lisp-<br><a =
href=3D"mailto:beta@external.cisco.com">beta@external.cisco.com</a><br>Sub=
ject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in =
Internet<br>deployment?<br><br><blockquote type=3D"cite">(I don't =
remember off the top of my head why I didn't like them: I<br>think it =
was a combination of the fixed number of bits, the fact that<br>it might =
be difficult for ETR X to know the state of ETR Y, the fact<br>that =
'reachable from ITR A' [which you _really_ need to have anyway]<br>is a =
subset of 'up', etc, etc. But we didn't desperately need the<br>header =
bits, and the mechanism wasn't positively harmful, so I didn't<br>bother =
to put up a big fight over it... :-)<br></blockquote><br>Maybe because =
they could be spoofed?<br><br>But they are good in control environments =
to take ETRs out of service<br>without having to update the mapping =
database.<br><br>Dino<br><br><br>_________________________________________=
______<br>lisp mailing list<br><a =
href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a><br>https://www.ietf.org/ma=
ilman/listinfo/lisp<br></blockquote><br><br></blockquote>_________________=
______________________________<br>lisp mailing list<br><a =
href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a><br><a =
href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp">https://www.ietf.org/m=
ailman/listinfo/lisp</a><br></blockquote></div><br></div></div>___________=
____________________________________<br>lisp mailing list<br><a =
href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a><br>https://www.ietf.org/ma=
ilman/listinfo/lisp<br></blockquote></div><br></body></html>=

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From: Darrel Lewis <darlewis@cisco.com>
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To: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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And this verify behavior is exactly what our IOS implementation does.

-Darrel
On Jan 21, 2013, at 7:15 PM, Dino Farinacci wrote:

> They have the same meaning in all environment. It is a question when =
they should be verified. An LSB that changes in a public environment can =
cause a Map-Request to be sent and a signed Map-Reply can verify the LSB =
in  an authenticated matter.=20
>=20
> Dino
>=20
> On Jan 21, 2013, at 6:05 PM, Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net> =
wrote:
>=20
>> Dino,
>>=20
>> But isn't it troubling that the bits have one meaning in a controlled =
environment and another in the great-wide Internet?
>>=20
>>                                           Ron
>>=20
>>=20
>>> -----Original Message-----
>>> From: lisp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf =
Of
>>> Dino Farinacci
>>> Sent: Monday, January 21, 2013 5:51 PM
>>> To: Noel Chiappa
>>> Cc: lisp-interest@cisco.com; lisp@ietf.org; lisp-
>>> beta@external.cisco.com
>>> Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet
>>> deployment?
>>>=20
>>>> (I don't remember off the top of my head why I didn't like them: I
>>>> think it was a combination of the fixed number of bits, the fact =
that
>>>> it might be difficult for ETR X to know the state of ETR Y, the =
fact
>>>> that 'reachable from ITR A' [which you _really_ need to have =
anyway]
>>>> is a subset of 'up', etc, etc. But we didn't desperately need the
>>>> header bits, and the mechanism wasn't positively harmful, so I =
didn't
>>>> bother to put up a big fight over it... :-)
>>>=20
>>> Maybe because they could be spoofed?
>>>=20
>>> But they are good in control environments to take ETRs out of =
service
>>> without having to update the mapping database.
>>>=20
>>> Dino
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> lisp mailing list
>>> lisp@ietf.org
>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>>=20
>>=20
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


From darlewis@cisco.com  Tue Jan 22 09:50:19 2013
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From: Darrel Lewis <darlewis@cisco.com>
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To: Lori Jakab <ljakab@ac.upc.edu>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment? (was: Re: WG Last Call for draft-ietf-lisp-deployment)
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I see no problem in using them as long as you verify prior to trusting.

-Darrel
On Jan 21, 2013, at 9:46 AM, Lori Jakab wrote:

> Hi folks,
> 
> Damien is suggesting we recommend LSB not to be used for the
> Internet-wide deployment of LISP, see below.
> 
> What do you think?
> 
> Best regards,
> -Lori
> 
> On 01/21/13 19:06, Damien Saucez wrote:
>> On 21 Jan 2013, at 10:42, Lori Jakab <ljakab@ac.upc.edu> wrote:
>> 
>>> On 01/15/13 00:15, Damien Saucez wrote:
>>> [...] 
>>>> IMHO this document should suggest not to use LSB in the Internet case
>>>> deployment
>>> Only for the above reason, or due to security concerns?
>> For me, the main reason not to use LSB in Internet is the problem
>> of definition of reachability, what does mean a LSB full of 1? It is not
>> because the one that set the LSB can reach all the RLOCs that it will
>> be the case for ITR sending the packet based on what it sees from the
>> LSB.
> 


From amijain@cisco.com  Tue Jan 22 10:52:00 2013
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From: "Amit Jain (amijain)" <amijain@cisco.com>
To: Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl>, "lisp@ietf.org list list" <lisp@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [lisp] Understanding DDT
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--_000_0ACF6B5943AEF541B3FA23A2B4DCC6C70FB96700xmbrcdx09ciscoc_
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Hi Sander,

>From what you list below, lisp-rig works but not lig. In lig, there is a ti=
meout and if the reply does not come in that time, it lists as what you see=
 below. Can you enable lisp mapping debugs and see if you do get a reply at=
 all (from the MR saying hole)? If you dont, then we have to debug on the m=
apping system.

thanks, Amit

From: Sander Steffann <sander@steffann.nl<mailto:sander@steffann.nl>>
Date: Tuesday, January 22, 2013 1:51 AM
To: "lisp@ietf.org<mailto:lisp@ietf.org> list list" <lisp@ietf.org<mailto:l=
isp@ietf.org>>
Subject: [lisp] Understanding DDT

Hi,

I am trying to understand the DDT protocol and I built a DDT node implement=
ation in Python. I am currently doing very simple tests. Currently I'm just=
 sending back DELEGATION-HOLE replies for 37.77.63.0/24 (some of my own add=
ress space). When playing with this from a Cisco device I get the results I=
 expect from the lisp-rig command:

   #lisp-rig 37.77.63.4 to 194.33.96.96
   Send Map-Request to DDT-node 194.33.96.96 ... node referral, rtt: 0 ms
    EID-prefix: [0] 37.77.56.0/21, ttl: 1440
    referrals: 83.247.10.218, 87.195.109.18, 2001:9E0:411:1::10, 2001:9E0:8=
10:1::10

   Send Map-Request to DDT-node 83.247.10.218 ... node referral, rtt: 0 ms
    EID-prefix: [0] 37.77.63.0/24, ttl: 1440
    referrals: 94.142.242.210, 2A02:898:148::210

   Send Map-Request to DDT-node 94.142.242.210 ... delegation hole, rtt: 8 =
ms
    EID-prefix: [0] 37.77.63.0/24, ttl: 15

But lig fails:

   #lig 37.77.63.66
   ***Did not receive*** mapping information for EID 37.77.63.66
   Displaying information already present in cache:
   36.0.0.0/7, uptime: 00:10:58, expires: 00:03:54, via map-reply, forward-=
native
    Encapsulating to proxy ETR

When I do the same for a delegation-hole on a Cisco device I get:

   #lisp-rig 37.77.62.4 to 194.33.96.96
   Send Map-Request to DDT-node 194.33.96.96 ... node referral, rtt: 0 ms
    EID-prefix: [0] 37.77.56.0/21, ttl: 1440
    referrals: 83.247.10.218, 87.195.109.18, 2001:9E0:411:1::10, 2001:9E0:8=
10:1::10

   Send Map-Request to DDT-node 83.247.10.218 ... delegation hole, rtt: 0 m=
s
    EID-prefix: [0] 37.77.62.0/24, ttl: 15

And a reply from lig:

   #lig 37.77.62.66 to 195.50.116.18
   Mapping information for EID 37.77.62.66 from 195.50.116.18 with RTT 52 m=
secs
   37.77.62.0/24, uptime: 00:00:00, expires: 00:14:52, via map-reply, forwa=
rd-native
    Encapsulating to proxy ETR

I must be doing something wrong, but I can't find what it is... I attached =
a tiny pcap file with the encapsulated map-requests and the corresponding r=
esponses I sent out. I really would appreciate it if someone could help me =
out!

Thanks,
Sander

PS: my test implementation is attached to the DDT tree and running, so feel=
 free to experiment with it!
PPS: Oh, and the code is available under a BSD license at https://github.co=
m/steffann/pylisp of course :-)





_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
lisp@ietf.org<mailto:lisp@ietf.org>
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp

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<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3Dus-ascii"=
>
</head>
<body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-lin=
e-break: after-white-space; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12px; font-fami=
ly: 'Courier New', sans-serif; ">
<div>Hi Sander,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>From what you list below, lisp-rig works but not lig. In lig, there is=
 a timeout and if the reply does not come in that time, it lists as what yo=
u see below. Can you enable lisp mapping debugs and see if you do get a rep=
ly at all (from the MR saying hole)?
 If you dont, then we have to debug on the mapping system.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>thanks, Amit</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<span id=3D"OLK_SRC_BODY_SECTION">
<div style=3D"font-family:Courier New; font-size:11pt; text-align:left; col=
or:black; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOT=
TOM: 0in; PADDING-LEFT: 0in; PADDING-RIGHT: 0in; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt so=
lid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">From: </span>Sander Steffann &lt;<a href=
=3D"mailto:sander@steffann.nl">sander@steffann.nl</a>&gt;<br>
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">Date: </span>Tuesday, January 22, 2013 1:5=
1 AM<br>
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">To: </span>&quot;<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ie=
tf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a> list list&quot; &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.o=
rg">lisp@ietf.org</a>&gt;<br>
<span style=3D"font-weight:bold">Subject: </span>[lisp] Understanding DDT<b=
r>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<blockquote id=3D"MAC_OUTLOOK_ATTRIBUTION_BLOCKQUOTE" style=3D"BORDER-LEFT:=
 #b5c4df 5 solid; PADDING:0 0 0 5; MARGIN:0 0 0 5;">
<div>
<div>
<div class=3D"BodyFragment"><font size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt;=
">
<div class=3D"PlainText">Hi,<br>
<br>
I am trying to understand the DDT protocol and I built a DDT node implement=
ation in Python. I am currently doing very simple tests. Currently I'm just=
 sending back DELEGATION-HOLE replies for 37.77.63.0/24 (some of my own add=
ress space). When playing with this
 from a Cisco device I get the results I expect from the lisp-rig command:<=
br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; #lisp-rig 37.77.63.4 to 194.33.96.96<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Send Map-Request to DDT-node 194.33.96.96 ... node referral, r=
tt: 0 ms<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; EID-prefix: [0] 37.77.56.0/21, ttl: 1440<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; referrals: 83.247.10.218, 87.195.109.18, 2001:9E0:411:1:=
:10, 2001:9E0:810:1::10<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Send Map-Request to DDT-node 83.247.10.218 ... node referral, =
rtt: 0 ms<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; EID-prefix: [0] 37.77.63.0/24, ttl: 1440<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; referrals: 94.142.242.210, 2A02:898:148::210<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Send Map-Request to DDT-node 94.142.242.210 ... delegation hol=
e, rtt: 8 ms<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; EID-prefix: [0] 37.77.63.0/24, ttl: 15<br>
<br>
But lig fails:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; #lig 37.77.63.66&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbs=
p;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; ***Did not receive*** mapping information for EID 37.77.63.66<=
br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Displaying information already present in cache:<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; 36.0.0.0/7, uptime: 00:10:58, expires: 00:03:54, via map-reply=
, forward-native<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Encapsulating to proxy ETR<br>
<br>
When I do the same for a delegation-hole on a Cisco device I get:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; #lisp-rig 37.77.62.4 to 194.33.96.96<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Send Map-Request to DDT-node 194.33.96.96 ... node referral, r=
tt: 0 ms<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; EID-prefix: [0] 37.77.56.0/21, ttl: 1440<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; referrals: 83.247.10.218, 87.195.109.18, 2001:9E0:411:1:=
:10, 2001:9E0:810:1::10<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Send Map-Request to DDT-node 83.247.10.218 ... delegation hole=
, rtt: 0 ms<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; EID-prefix: [0] 37.77.62.0/24, ttl: 15<br>
<br>
And a reply from lig:<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; #lig 37.77.62.66 to 195.50.116.18&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp=
;&nbsp;&nbsp; <br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; Mapping information for EID 37.77.62.66 from 195.50.116.18 wit=
h RTT 52 msecs<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp; 37.77.62.0/24, uptime: 00:00:00, expires: 00:14:52, via map-re=
ply, forward-native<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Encapsulating to proxy ETR<br>
<br>
I must be doing something wrong, but I can't find what it is... I attached =
a tiny pcap file with the encapsulated map-requests and the corresponding r=
esponses I sent out. I really would appreciate it if someone could help me =
out!<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
Sander<br>
<br>
PS: my test implementation is attached to the DDT tree and running, so feel=
 free to experiment with it!<br>
PPS: Oh, and the code is available under a BSD license at <a href=3D"https:=
//github.com/steffann/pylisp">
https://github.com/steffann/pylisp</a> of course :-)<br>
<br>
<br>
</div>
</span></font></div>
<div class=3D"BodyFragment"><font size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt;=
">
<div class=3D"PlainText"><br>
<br>
<br>
</div>
</span></font></div>
<div class=3D"BodyFragment"><font size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt;=
">
<div class=3D"PlainText">_______________________________________________<br=
>
lisp mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp">https://www.ietf.org=
/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a><br>
</div>
</span></font></div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
</span>
</body>
</html>

--_000_0ACF6B5943AEF541B3FA23A2B4DCC6C70FB96700xmbrcdx09ciscoc_--

From ljakab@ac.upc.edu  Wed Jan 23 01:15:00 2013
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Date: Wed, 23 Jan 2013 11:08:16 +0200
From: Lori Jakab <ljakab@ac.upc.edu>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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On 01/22/13 12:22, Damien Saucez wrote:
>
> On 22 Jan 2013, at 10:15, Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net
> <mailto:ggx@gigix.net>> wrote:
>
>> Hi All,
>>
>> the definition of LSB as of the to-be-soon-rfc lisp specification is:
>>
>> LISP Locator Status Bits (LSBs):  When the L-bit is also set, the
>>       locator status bits field in the LISP header is set by an ITR to
>>       indicate to an ETR the up/down status of the Locators in the
>>       source site. 
>>
>> I think that this clears Damien's question since LSB has no
>> "reachability" meaning, rather it is a message from the site telling
>> "from my perspective ETR X is up and running".
>>
>
> Yes, it is not a problem of reachability but a question of status.
> However, how is the
> status defined but the router that sends the LSB? How does it know
> that the locator
> is up or down? How can we make sure that the LSB will be the same,
> whatever router
> is building it?

I think this depends a lot on the implementation. For example, if you
wanted to have the LSBs synced, you could use the status from the
locator records in the Map-Notify messages, and you would get the Map
Server view of status. With a more complex implementation, you could
probably get a better view. But I think it depends a lot on the
implementation.

>
> Another question, how bad/good would it be for the traffic if two
> routers give different
> LSBs?

Again, that's something implementation specific, I don't think it's specced.

>
>> (BTW this may help debugging, since if the ETR is running but not
>> reachable from the outside this clearly shows that the problem is
>> along the path somewhere. Yeah… could be a long path… but it is still
>> useful information).
>
> I agree, that in a controlled environment LSB can be very helpful to debug
> the network. In the Internet where the topology is unknown I don't know if
> it is a very relevant information, but it depends how the LSB is
> constructed.

Exactly, depends on the implementation. But the document we discuss is
about deployment, so operators can only do what implementations allow
them to do.

>
>>
>> The main concern is about security. Obviously LSB can be easily
>> spoofed in a public environment and this is documented in section
>> 6.4.1 of the draft-ietf-lisp-threats, which recommends:
>>
>>    Locator Status Bits can be blindly trusted only in secure
>>    environments.  In the general unsecured Internet environment, the
>>    safest practice for xTRs is to confirm the status change
>>    through the mapping system.
>>
>>
>> So IMHO the thing to do is to simply put a reference to the
>> lisp-threats draft about the use of LSBs.
>>
>
>
> If the LSB has to be verified, I would then prefer to use versioning.

I will put a reference to the threats draft, and suggest versioning as
an alternative.

Thanks for all the input!

-Lori

>
> Damien Saucez
>
>
>> ciao
>>
>> Luigi
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> On 22 Jan. 2013, at 04:15 , Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com
>> <mailto:farinacci@gmail.com>> wrote:
>>
>>> They have the same meaning in all environment. It is a question when
>>> they should be verified. An LSB that changes in a public environment
>>> can cause a Map-Request to be sent and a signed Map-Reply can verify
>>> the LSB in an authenticated matter.
>>>
>>> Dino
>>>
>>> On Jan 21, 2013, at 6:05 PM, Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net
>>> <mailto:rbonica@juniper.net>> wrote:
>>>
>>>> Dino,
>>>>
>>>> But isn't it troubling that the bits have one meaning in a
>>>> controlled environment and another in the great-wide Internet?
>>>>
>>>> Ron
>>>>
>>>>
>>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>>> From: lisp-bounces@ietf.org <mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org>
>>>>> [mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org <mailto:bounces@ietf.org>] On Behalf Of
>>>>> Dino Farinacci
>>>>> Sent: Monday, January 21, 2013 5:51 PM
>>>>> To: Noel Chiappa
>>>>> Cc: lisp-interest@cisco.com <mailto:lisp-interest@cisco.com>;
>>>>> lisp@ietf.org <mailto:lisp@ietf.org>; lisp-
>>>>> beta@external.cisco.com <mailto:beta@external.cisco.com>
>>>>> Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet
>>>>> deployment?
>>>>>
>>>>>> (I don't remember off the top of my head why I didn't like them: I
>>>>>> think it was a combination of the fixed number of bits, the fact that
>>>>>> it might be difficult for ETR X to know the state of ETR Y, the fact
>>>>>> that 'reachable from ITR A' [which you _really_ need to have anyway]
>>>>>> is a subset of 'up', etc, etc. But we didn't desperately need the
>>>>>> header bits, and the mechanism wasn't positively harmful, so I didn't
>>>>>> bother to put up a big fight over it... :-)
>>>>>
>>>>> Maybe because they could be spoofed?
>>>>>
>>>>> But they are good in control environments to take ETRs out of service
>>>>> without having to update the mapping database.
>>>>>
>>>>> Dino
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>> lisp mailing list
>>>>> lisp@ietf.org <mailto:lisp@ietf.org>
>>>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>>>>
>>>>
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> lisp mailing list
>>> lisp@ietf.org <mailto:lisp@ietf.org>
>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> lisp mailing list
>> lisp@ietf.org <mailto:lisp@ietf.org>
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>
>
>
> _______________________________________________
> lisp mailing list
> lisp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


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Thread-Topic: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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Hi Folks,

for a multi-homed side I see a use case where different ITR's signal differ=
ent LSBs for the same EID space based on local conditions. This could be di=
fferent from the reachability of the IP of the ITR itself.
I just think of an active-active datacenter with a ~30km distance in betwee=
n which is propagating the same EID space over different ITR's. If I am doi=
ng maintenance on one side I may send out different LSB's if I want gracefu=
lly bring down the other side.

Maybe I missed something but aren't we already using LSB within the beta ne=
twork which is spanned across the planet in a uncontrolled environment?
So why not just analyze the data we can get out of it instead of guessing?

Wolfgang

pxtr-even#sh ip lisp forwarding eid remote

Prefix                 Fwd action  Locator status bits
153.16.0.0/16          signal      0x00000000
  packets/bytes   19273/966730
153.16.0.0/24          encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes    1574/79142
153.16.0.128/25        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     522/24816
153.16.1.0/24          fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   31165/1722380
153.16.2.7/32          drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       4/1552
153.16.2.8/32          drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.2.62/32         drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       1/48
153.16.2.71/32         drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.2.132/32        drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       3/183
153.16.2.138/32        drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.2.165/32        drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.3.0/24          encap       0x00000003
  packets/bytes    3772/207186
153.16.4.0/24          encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes  127527/9518378
153.16.5.0/24          encap       0x00000003
  packets/bytes   17350/1020128
153.16.6.0/24          fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   17844/1054819
153.16.7.0/24          fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   27836/1595624
153.16.8.0/24          encap       0x00000003
  packets/bytes    3641/189530
153.16.9.0/24          fwd native  0x00000000
Prefix                 Fwd action  Locator status bits
  packets/bytes   27698/1312693
153.16.10.0/24         encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes   46626/4586745
153.16.11.18/32        drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.12.0/26         encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     767/39811
153.16.12.64/26        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     786/50508
153.16.12.128/26       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    7057/339336
153.16.12.192/27       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes      49/2254
153.16.12.240/29       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes    1308/140869
153.16.12.248/29       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes    4966/436764
153.16.13.0/28         encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     180/8966
153.16.13.16/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes      53/2438
153.16.13.32/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     200/12377
153.16.13.48/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    3518/302318
153.16.13.80/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     197/16828
153.16.13.96/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     196/9763
153.16.13.144/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes      96/4621
153.16.13.160/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes      79/4112
153.16.13.176/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes   10937/5078427
153.16.13.192/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes      99/4886
153.16.13.208/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     126/6102
Prefix                 Fwd action  Locator status bits
153.16.13.224/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     101/5873
153.16.14.0/24         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   18174/1382065
153.16.15.71/32        drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes      71/3668
153.16.16.0/24         encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes    2291/117038
153.16.17.0/28         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    2443/114858
153.16.17.16/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     746/41241
153.16.17.32/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    1007/46942
153.16.17.48/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes      28/1288
153.16.17.64/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     569/27852
153.16.17.80/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     197/9453
153.16.17.96/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.17.112/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.17.176/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     150/6900
153.16.17.192/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     278/28562
153.16.17.224/30       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes      24/1174
153.16.17.228/30       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes      32/1546
153.16.18.16/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes      56/2576
153.16.18.32/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes    2322/143949
153.16.18.64/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     176/12465
153.16.18.80/28        encap       0x00000001
Prefix                 Fwd action  Locator status bits
  packets/bytes     178/11838
153.16.18.96/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     183/8854
153.16.18.112/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     446/20902
153.16.18.144/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes      15/690
153.16.18.176/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes      88/4795
153.16.18.208/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes      81/3866
153.16.18.224/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.18.240/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     103/6929
153.16.19.0/24         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   21137/1141575
153.16.20.0/24         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   23187/1275992
153.16.21.0/26         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   35021/2276591
153.16.21.109/32       drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.21.139/32       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     120/5760
153.16.21.141/32       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes      18/828
153.16.21.210/31       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.22.0/26         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   37084/2255311
153.16.22.90/32        drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.22.132/32       encap       0x00000003
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.22.136/29       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.22.196/32       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     116/5800
Prefix                 Fwd action  Locator status bits
153.16.22.200/29       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.22.212/30       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.22.216/29       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     232/11136
153.16.22.224/27       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    1406/80696
153.16.23.0/24         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes  131048/6980525
153.16.24.0/24         encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes    2080/128076
153.16.25.0/28         encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     347/16626
153.16.25.16/28        encap       0x00000003
  packets/bytes   15523/14385604
153.16.25.32/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     438/20380
153.16.25.48/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     184/9141
153.16.25.64/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     727/34886
153.16.25.112/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     592/27580
153.16.25.128/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     112/9970
153.16.25.151/32       drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.25.160/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     112/8094
153.16.25.176/28       drop        0x00000001
  packets/bytes       8/368
153.16.25.192/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes      85/4104
153.16.25.224/28       encap       0x00000003
  packets/bytes    1403/756413
153.16.25.240/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.26.0/28         encap       0x00000001
Prefix                 Fwd action  Locator status bits
  packets/bytes   24055/21546260
153.16.26.32/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     206/10582
153.16.26.64/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    1115/56171
153.16.26.80/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    1695/80454
153.16.26.96/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     474/22384
153.16.26.112/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    1651/78716
153.16.26.128/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.26.192/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes   12171/1390825
153.16.26.224/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes      97/5257
153.16.26.240/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.27.0/24         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    5744/375960
153.16.28.0/24         encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes    2452/149787
153.16.29.0/24         encap       0x00000003
  packets/bytes    2423/136233
153.16.30.0/28         encap       0x00000003
  packets/bytes    2452/152600
153.16.30.16/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    1884/99928
153.16.30.32/27        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   18978/1075973
153.16.30.64/26        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   36633/1900388
153.16.30.128/25       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   26905/1452450
153.16.31.0/28         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   11114/725274
153.16.31.32/27        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   17526/1129516
Prefix                 Fwd action  Locator status bits
153.16.31.64/26        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   33377/1795877
153.16.31.128/25       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   32391/2164113
153.16.32.0/28         encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     282/13483
153.16.32.16/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     517/23782
153.16.32.48/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    1217/58912
153.16.32.64/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    1956/275832
153.16.32.80/28        encap       0x00000003
  packets/bytes     162/7914
153.16.32.96/28        encap       0x00000003
  packets/bytes     206/9995
153.16.32.112/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    2917/170863
153.16.32.144/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     150/6900
153.16.32.176/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     411/48905
153.16.32.192/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes   62747/54741368
153.16.32.208/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    1103/157110
153.16.32.224/28       encap       0x0000000F
  packets/bytes    9478/934907
153.16.32.240/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     201/13637
153.16.33.0/24         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes  125808/7498118
153.16.34.0/24         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   20005/1211708
153.16.35.0/24         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   28219/1661540
153.16.36.0/24         encap       0x0000000F
  packets/bytes    2403/135041
153.16.37.0/24         encap       0x00000007
Prefix                 Fwd action  Locator status bits
  packets/bytes     487/131776
153.16.38.0/25         encap       0x0000000A
  packets/bytes    4907/360740
153.16.38.128/25       encap       0x0000000A
  packets/bytes     749/44847
153.16.39.0/24         signal      0x00000000
  packets/bytes    2205/120184
153.16.40.0/24         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes  100232/5787525
153.16.41.0/24         encap       0x00000003
  packets/bytes    4757/264737
153.16.43.16/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes      83/3818
153.16.43.32/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     455/21510
153.16.43.64/26        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   40930/2405239
153.16.43.128/26       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    7186/509900
153.16.43.192/27       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     409/19286
153.16.43.224/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     174/8352
153.16.43.241/32       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes       5/232
153.16.43.242/32       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes       1/48
153.16.44.0/28         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    1584/78965
153.16.44.16/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     290/13920
153.16.44.32/28        encap       0x00000003
  packets/bytes     137/7376
153.16.44.48/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes    6429/493372
153.16.44.64/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     218/13336
153.16.44.80/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     462/21870
Prefix                 Fwd action  Locator status bits
153.16.44.96/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     230/16736
153.16.44.128/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     232/11136
153.16.44.144/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes   10028/461440
153.16.44.160/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes      81/3912
153.16.44.176/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.44.192/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes      63/3008
153.16.44.208/28       encap       0x00000003
  packets/bytes      73/3655
153.16.45.0/24         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   14189/971315
153.16.46.0/24         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   17446/1122565
153.16.47.0/28         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     513/25414
153.16.47.16/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     152/7558
153.16.47.32/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     228/10488
153.16.47.48/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes      84/3864
153.16.47.64/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     519/23874
153.16.47.96/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    1462/70032
153.16.47.128/28       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes     477/22290
153.16.47.160/27       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     150/7376
153.16.47.208/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes      90/6744
153.16.47.224/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     726/496246
153.16.47.240/28       fwd native  0x00000000
Prefix                 Fwd action  Locator status bits
  packets/bytes     125/6000
153.16.48.0/28         encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes    9822/787514
153.16.48.16/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes    1166/54548
153.16.48.32/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes    2419/1368023
153.16.48.64/26        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   30536/1951066
153.16.48.128/25       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   27251/1791407
153.16.49.0/24         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   89806/5103369
153.16.50.0/23         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes  187276/10548451
153.16.52.0/22         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes  416440/23021471
153.16.56.0/21         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes  791716/45648478
153.16.64.0/24         encap       0x00000003
  packets/bytes   19959/25775078
153.16.65.0/32         drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       2/120
153.16.65.7/32         drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.65.15/32        drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.66.7/32         drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.66.16/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.66.32/28        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.66.64/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     216/12095
153.16.66.80/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     143/7048
153.16.66.192/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     136/13397
Prefix                 Fwd action  Locator status bits
153.16.66.208/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     106/5148
153.16.66.224/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes      95/4496
153.16.67.0/24         encap       0x00000003
  packets/bytes    2420/145387
153.16.68.165/32       drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.68.181/32       drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.69.62/32        drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.69.93/32        drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.69.188/32       drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.70.0/28         encap       0x00000003
  packets/bytes     210/11243
153.16.70.16/29        encap       0x00000002
  packets/bytes      75/3600
153.16.70.24/29        encap       0x00000002
  packets/bytes      48/2386
153.16.70.41/32        drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.70.64/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes    5671/891042
153.16.70.80/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     193/9490
153.16.70.96/28        encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     165/9175
153.16.70.112/28       encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes     192/9474
153.16.70.128/25       fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes   34977/1919726
153.16.71.0/24         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes  113426/6058747
153.16.72.4/32         drop        0x00000000
  packets/bytes       0/0
153.16.73.0/24         fwd native  0x00000000
Prefix                 Fwd action  Locator status bits
  packets/bytes   96304/5184251
153.16.74.0/24         encap       0x00000001
  packets/bytes    2200/127117
153.16.75.0/24         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes  100121/5766560
153.16.76.0/22         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes  426560/24941173
153.16.80.0/20         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes  227475/14382760
153.16.96.0/19         fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes 3275775/184546349
153.16.128.0/19        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes 3434964/196842926
153.16.160.0/19        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes 4070673/229418687
153.16.192.0/18        fwd native  0x00000000
  packets/bytes 7177127/405113420



On 22.01.2013, at 11:22, Damien Saucez <damien.saucez@gmail.com<mailto:dami=
en.saucez@gmail.com>> wrote:


On 22 Jan 2013, at 10:15, Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net<mailto:ggx@gigix.net=
>> wrote:

Hi All,

the definition of LSB as of the to-be-soon-rfc lisp specification is:


LISP Locator Status Bits (LSBs):  When the L-bit is also set, the
      locator status bits field in the LISP header is set by an ITR to
      indicate to an ETR the up/down status of the Locators in the
      source site.

I think that this clears Damien's question since LSB has no "reachability" =
meaning, rather it is a message from the site telling "from my perspective =
ETR X is up and running".


Yes, it is not a problem of reachability but a question of status. However,=
 how is the
status defined but the router that sends the LSB? How does it know that the=
 locator
is up or down? How can we make sure that the LSB will be the same, whatever=
 router
is building it?

Another question, how bad/good would it be for the traffic if two routers g=
ive different
LSBs?

(BTW this may help debugging, since if the ETR is running but not reachable=
 from the outside this clearly shows that the problem is along the path som=
ewhere. Yeah=85 could be a long path=85 but it is still useful information)=
.

I agree, that in a controlled environment LSB can be very helpful to debug
the network. In the Internet where the topology is unknown I don't know if
it is a very relevant information, but it depends how the LSB is constructe=
d.


The main concern is about security. Obviously LSB can be easily spoofed in =
a public environment and this is documented in section 6.4.1 of the draft-i=
etf-lisp-threats, which recommends:


   Locator Status Bits can be blindly trusted only in secure
   environments.  In the general unsecured Internet environment, the
   safest practice for xTRs is to confirm the status change
   through the mapping system.


So IMHO the thing to do is to simply put a reference to the lisp-threats dr=
aft about the use of LSBs.



If the LSB has to be verified, I would then prefer to use versioning.

Damien Saucez


ciao

Luigi





On 22 Jan. 2013, at 04:15 , Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com<mailto:fari=
nacci@gmail.com>> wrote:

They have the same meaning in all environment. It is a question when they s=
hould be verified. An LSB that changes in a public environment can cause a =
Map-Request to be sent and a signed Map-Reply can verify the LSB in  an aut=
henticated matter.

Dino

On Jan 21, 2013, at 6:05 PM, Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net<mailto:rbon=
ica@juniper.net>> wrote:

Dino,

But isn't it troubling that the bits have one meaning in a controlled envir=
onment and another in the great-wide Internet?

                                          Ron


-----Original Message-----
From: lisp-bounces@ietf.org<mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org> [mailto:lisp-boun=
ces@ietf.org<mailto:bounces@ietf.org>] On Behalf Of
Dino Farinacci
Sent: Monday, January 21, 2013 5:51 PM
To: Noel Chiappa
Cc: lisp-interest@cisco.com<mailto:lisp-interest@cisco.com>; lisp@ietf.org<=
mailto:lisp@ietf.org>; lisp-
beta@external.cisco.com<mailto:beta@external.cisco.com>
Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet
deployment?

(I don't remember off the top of my head why I didn't like them: I
think it was a combination of the fixed number of bits, the fact that
it might be difficult for ETR X to know the state of ETR Y, the fact
that 'reachable from ITR A' [which you _really_ need to have anyway]
is a subset of 'up', etc, etc. But we didn't desperately need the
header bits, and the mechanism wasn't positively harmful, so I didn't
bother to put up a big fight over it... :-)

Maybe because they could be spoofed?

But they are good in control environments to take ETRs out of service
without having to update the mapping database.

Dino


_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
lisp@ietf.org<mailto:lisp@ietf.org>
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
lisp@ietf.org<mailto:lisp@ietf.org>
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp

_______________________________________________
lisp mailing list
lisp@ietf.org<mailto:lisp@ietf.org>
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp



--_000_C50195086D1A7144938C2C63DB7C55520457DE95xmbalnx08ciscoc_
Content-Type: text/html; charset="Windows-1252"
Content-ID: <40E3155099661548A0A89ECC10BA3AC6@cisco.com>
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; charset=3DWindows-1=
252">
</head>
<body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-lin=
e-break: after-white-space; ">
Hi Folks,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>for a multi-homed side I see a use case where different ITR's signal d=
ifferent LSBs for the same EID space based on local conditions. This could =
be different from the reachability of the IP of the ITR itself.</div>
<div>I just think of an active-active datacenter with a ~30km distance in b=
etween which is propagating the same EID space over different ITR's. If I a=
m doing maintenance on one side I may send out different LSB's if I want gr=
acefully bring down the other side.<br>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Maybe I missed something but aren't we already using LSB within the be=
ta network which is spanned across the planet in a uncontrolled environment=
?</div>
<div>So why not just analyze the data we can get out of it instead of guess=
ing?</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Wolfgang</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<div>pxtr-even#sh ip lisp forwarding eid remote</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Prefix &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Fwd act=
ion &nbsp;Locator status bits</div>
<div>153.16.0.0/16 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;signal &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 19273/966730</div>
<div>153.16.0.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &n=
bsp; 0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;1574/79142</div>
<div>153.16.0.128/25 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 522/24816</div>
<div>153.16.1.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x000=
00000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 31165/1722380</div>
<div>153.16.2.7/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nb=
sp; &nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 4/1552</div>
<div>153.16.2.8/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nb=
sp; &nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.2.62/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1/48</div>
<div>153.16.2.71/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.2.132/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 3/183</div>
<div>153.16.2.138/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.2.165/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.3.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &n=
bsp; 0x00000003</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;3772/207186</div>
<div>153.16.4.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &n=
bsp; 0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp;127527/9518378</div>
<div>153.16.5.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &n=
bsp; 0x00000003</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 17350/1020128</div>
<div>153.16.6.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x000=
00000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 17844/1054819</div>
<div>153.16.7.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x000=
00000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 27836/1595624</div>
<div>153.16.8.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &n=
bsp; 0x00000003</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;3641/189530</div>
<div>153.16.9.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x000=
00000</div>
<div>Prefix &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Fwd act=
ion &nbsp;Locator status bits</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 27698/1312693</div>
<div>153.16.10.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 46626/4586745</div>
<div>153.16.11.18/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.12.0/26 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 767/39811</div>
<div>153.16.12.64/26 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 786/50508</div>
<div>153.16.12.128/26 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;7057/339336</div>
<div>153.16.12.192/27 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;49/2254</div>
<div>153.16.12.240/29 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;1308/140869</div>
<div>153.16.12.248/29 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;4966/436764</div>
<div>153.16.13.0/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 180/8966</div>
<div>153.16.13.16/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;53/2438</div>
<div>153.16.13.32/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 200/12377</div>
<div>153.16.13.48/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;3518/302318</div>
<div>153.16.13.80/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 197/16828</div>
<div>153.16.13.96/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 196/9763</div>
<div>153.16.13.144/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;96/4621</div>
<div>153.16.13.160/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;79/4112</div>
<div>153.16.13.176/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 10937/5078427</div>
<div>153.16.13.192/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;99/4886</div>
<div>153.16.13.208/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 126/6102</div>
<div>Prefix &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Fwd act=
ion &nbsp;Locator status bits</div>
<div>153.16.13.224/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 101/5873</div>
<div>153.16.14.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 18174/1382065</div>
<div>153.16.15.71/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;71/3668</div>
<div>153.16.16.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;2291/117038</div>
<div>153.16.17.0/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;2443/114858</div>
<div>153.16.17.16/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 746/41241</div>
<div>153.16.17.32/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;1007/46942</div>
<div>153.16.17.48/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;28/1288</div>
<div>153.16.17.64/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 569/27852</div>
<div>153.16.17.80/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 197/9453</div>
<div>153.16.17.96/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.17.112/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.17.176/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 150/6900</div>
<div>153.16.17.192/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 278/28562</div>
<div>153.16.17.224/30 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;24/1174</div>
<div>153.16.17.228/30 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;32/1546</div>
<div>153.16.18.16/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;56/2576</div>
<div>153.16.18.32/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;2322/143949</div>
<div>153.16.18.64/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 176/12465</div>
<div>153.16.18.80/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>Prefix &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Fwd act=
ion &nbsp;Locator status bits</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 178/11838</div>
<div>153.16.18.96/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 183/8854</div>
<div>153.16.18.112/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 446/20902</div>
<div>153.16.18.144/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;15/690</div>
<div>153.16.18.176/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;88/4795</div>
<div>153.16.18.208/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;81/3866</div>
<div>153.16.18.224/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.18.240/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 103/6929</div>
<div>153.16.19.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 21137/1141575</div>
<div>153.16.20.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 23187/1275992</div>
<div>153.16.21.0/26 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 35021/2276591</div>
<div>153.16.21.109/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.21.139/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 120/5760</div>
<div>153.16.21.141/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;18/828</div>
<div>153.16.21.210/31 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.22.0/26 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 37084/2255311</div>
<div>153.16.22.90/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.22.132/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00003</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.22.136/29 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.22.196/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 116/5800</div>
<div>Prefix &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Fwd act=
ion &nbsp;Locator status bits</div>
<div>153.16.22.200/29 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.22.212/30 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.22.216/29 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 232/11136</div>
<div>153.16.22.224/27 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;1406/80696</div>
<div>153.16.23.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp;131048/6980525</div>
<div>153.16.24.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;2080/128076</div>
<div>153.16.25.0/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 347/16626</div>
<div>153.16.25.16/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000003</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 15523/14385604</div>
<div>153.16.25.32/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 438/20380</div>
<div>153.16.25.48/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 184/9141</div>
<div>153.16.25.64/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 727/34886</div>
<div>153.16.25.112/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 592/27580</div>
<div>153.16.25.128/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 112/9970</div>
<div>153.16.25.151/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.25.160/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 112/8094</div>
<div>153.16.25.176/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 8/368</div>
<div>153.16.25.192/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;85/4104</div>
<div>153.16.25.224/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00003</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;1403/756413</div>
<div>153.16.25.240/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.26.0/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>Prefix &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Fwd act=
ion &nbsp;Locator status bits</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 24055/21546260</div>
<div>153.16.26.32/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 206/10582</div>
<div>153.16.26.64/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;1115/56171</div>
<div>153.16.26.80/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;1695/80454</div>
<div>153.16.26.96/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 474/22384</div>
<div>153.16.26.112/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;1651/78716</div>
<div>153.16.26.128/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.26.192/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 12171/1390825</div>
<div>153.16.26.224/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;97/5257</div>
<div>153.16.26.240/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.27.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;5744/375960</div>
<div>153.16.28.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;2452/149787</div>
<div>153.16.29.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000003</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;2423/136233</div>
<div>153.16.30.0/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000003</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;2452/152600</div>
<div>153.16.30.16/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;1884/99928</div>
<div>153.16.30.32/27 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 18978/1075973</div>
<div>153.16.30.64/26 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 36633/1900388</div>
<div>153.16.30.128/25 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 26905/1452450</div>
<div>153.16.31.0/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 11114/725274</div>
<div>153.16.31.32/27 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 17526/1129516</div>
<div>Prefix &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Fwd act=
ion &nbsp;Locator status bits</div>
<div>153.16.31.64/26 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 33377/1795877</div>
<div>153.16.31.128/25 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 32391/2164113</div>
<div>153.16.32.0/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 282/13483</div>
<div>153.16.32.16/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 517/23782</div>
<div>153.16.32.48/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;1217/58912</div>
<div>153.16.32.64/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;1956/275832</div>
<div>153.16.32.80/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000003</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 162/7914</div>
<div>153.16.32.96/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000003</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 206/9995</div>
<div>153.16.32.112/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;2917/170863</div>
<div>153.16.32.144/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 150/6900</div>
<div>153.16.32.176/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 411/48905</div>
<div>153.16.32.192/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 62747/54741368</div>
<div>153.16.32.208/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;1103/157110</div>
<div>153.16.32.224/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
0000F</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;9478/934907</div>
<div>153.16.32.240/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 201/13637</div>
<div>153.16.33.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp;125808/7498118</div>
<div>153.16.34.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 20005/1211708</div>
<div>153.16.35.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 28219/1661540</div>
<div>153.16.36.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x0000000F</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;2403/135041</div>
<div>153.16.37.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000007</div>
<div>Prefix &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Fwd act=
ion &nbsp;Locator status bits</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 487/131776</div>
<div>153.16.38.0/25 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x0000000A</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;4907/360740</div>
<div>153.16.38.128/25 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
0000A</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 749/44847</div>
<div>153.16.39.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; signal &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;2205/120184</div>
<div>153.16.40.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp;100232/5787525</div>
<div>153.16.41.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000003</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;4757/264737</div>
<div>153.16.43.16/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;83/3818</div>
<div>153.16.43.32/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 455/21510</div>
<div>153.16.43.64/26 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 40930/2405239</div>
<div>153.16.43.128/26 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;7186/509900</div>
<div>153.16.43.192/27 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 409/19286</div>
<div>153.16.43.224/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 174/8352</div>
<div>153.16.43.241/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 5/232</div>
<div>153.16.43.242/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 1/48</div>
<div>153.16.44.0/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;1584/78965</div>
<div>153.16.44.16/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 290/13920</div>
<div>153.16.44.32/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000003</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 137/7376</div>
<div>153.16.44.48/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;6429/493372</div>
<div>153.16.44.64/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 218/13336</div>
<div>153.16.44.80/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 462/21870</div>
<div>Prefix &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Fwd act=
ion &nbsp;Locator status bits</div>
<div>153.16.44.96/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 230/16736</div>
<div>153.16.44.128/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 232/11136</div>
<div>153.16.44.144/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 10028/461440</div>
<div>153.16.44.160/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;81/3912</div>
<div>153.16.44.176/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.44.192/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;63/3008</div>
<div>153.16.44.208/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00003</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;73/3655</div>
<div>153.16.45.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 14189/971315</div>
<div>153.16.46.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 17446/1122565</div>
<div>153.16.47.0/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 513/25414</div>
<div>153.16.47.16/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 152/7558</div>
<div>153.16.47.32/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 228/10488</div>
<div>153.16.47.48/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;84/3864</div>
<div>153.16.47.64/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 519/23874</div>
<div>153.16.47.96/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;1462/70032</div>
<div>153.16.47.128/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 477/22290</div>
<div>153.16.47.160/27 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 150/7376</div>
<div>153.16.47.208/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;90/6744</div>
<div>153.16.47.224/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 726/496246</div>
<div>153.16.47.240/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>Prefix &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Fwd act=
ion &nbsp;Locator status bits</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 125/6000</div>
<div>153.16.48.0/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;9822/787514</div>
<div>153.16.48.16/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;1166/54548</div>
<div>153.16.48.32/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;2419/1368023</div>
<div>153.16.48.64/26 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 30536/1951066</div>
<div>153.16.48.128/25 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 27251/1791407</div>
<div>153.16.49.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 89806/5103369</div>
<div>153.16.50.0/23 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp;187276/10548451</div>
<div>153.16.52.0/22 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp;416440/23021471</div>
<div>153.16.56.0/21 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp;791716/45648478</div>
<div>153.16.64.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000003</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 19959/25775078</div>
<div>153.16.65.0/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 2/120</div>
<div>153.16.65.7/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.65.15/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.66.7/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.66.16/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.66.32/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.66.64/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 216/12095</div>
<div>153.16.66.80/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 143/7048</div>
<div>153.16.66.192/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 136/13397</div>
<div>Prefix &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Fwd act=
ion &nbsp;Locator status bits</div>
<div>153.16.66.208/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 106/5148</div>
<div>153.16.66.224/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;95/4496</div>
<div>153.16.67.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000003</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;2420/145387</div>
<div>153.16.68.165/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.68.181/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.69.62/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.69.93/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.69.188/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;=
0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.70.0/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000003</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 210/11243</div>
<div>153.16.70.16/29 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000002</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;75/3600</div>
<div>153.16.70.24/29 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000002</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;48/2386</div>
<div>153.16.70.41/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.70.64/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;5671/891042</div>
<div>153.16.70.80/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 193/9490</div>
<div>153.16.70.96/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 165/9175</div>
<div>153.16.70.112/28 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0x000=
00001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; 192/9474</div>
<div>153.16.70.128/25 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000</div=
>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 34977/1919726</div>
<div>153.16.71.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp;113426/6058747</div>
<div>153.16.72.4/32 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; drop &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &=
nbsp;0x00000000</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 0/0</div>
<div>153.16.73.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>Prefix &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; Fwd act=
ion &nbsp;Locator status bits</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; 96304/5184251</div>
<div>153.16.74.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; encap &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; =
0x00000001</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp; &nbsp;2200/127117</div>
<div>153.16.75.0/24 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp;100121/5766560</div>
<div>153.16.76.0/22 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp;426560/24941173</div>
<div>153.16.80.0/20 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes &nbsp;227475/14382760</div>
<div>153.16.96.0/19 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes 3275775/184546349</div>
<div>153.16.128.0/19 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes 3434964/196842926</div>
<div>153.16.160.0/19 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes 4070673/229418687</div>
<div>153.16.192.0/18 &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;fwd native &nbsp;0x00000000=
</div>
<div>&nbsp; packets/bytes 7177127/405113420</div>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
<div>
<div>On 22.01.2013, at 11:22, Damien Saucez &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:damien.sa=
ucez@gmail.com">damien.saucez@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:</div>
<br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline">
<blockquote type=3D"cite">
<div style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line=
-break: after-white-space; ">
<br>
<div>
<div>On 22 Jan 2013, at 10:15, Luigi Iannone &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:ggx@gigi=
x.net">ggx@gigix.net</a>&gt; wrote:</div>
<br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline">
<blockquote type=3D"cite">
<div style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line=
-break: after-white-space; ">
Hi All,
<div><br>
</div>
<div>the definition of LSB as of the to-be-soon-rfc lisp specification is:<=
/div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<pre class=3D"newpage" style=3D"font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bot=
tom: 0px; page-break-before: always; ">LISP Locator Status Bits (LSBs):  Wh=
en the L-bit is also set, the
      locator status bits field in the LISP header is set by an ITR to
      indicate to an ETR the up/down status of the Locators in the
      source site. </pre>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<div>I think that this clears Damien's question since LSB has no &quot;reac=
hability&quot; meaning, rather it is a message from the site telling &quot;=
from my perspective ETR X is up and running&quot;.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Yes, it is not a problem of reachability but a question of status. How=
ever, how is the</div>
<div>status defined but the router that sends the LSB? How does it know tha=
t the locator</div>
<div>is up or down? How can we make sure that the LSB will be the same, wha=
tever router</div>
<div>is building it?</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Another question, how bad/good would it be for the traffic if two rout=
ers give different</div>
<div>LSBs?</div>
<br>
<blockquote type=3D"cite">
<div style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line=
-break: after-white-space; ">
(BTW this may help debugging, since if the ETR is running but not reachable=
 from the outside this clearly shows that the problem is along the path som=
ewhere. Yeah=85 could be a long path=85 but it is still useful information)=
.</div>
</blockquote>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I agree, that in a controlled environment LSB can be very helpful to d=
ebug</div>
<div>the network. In the Internet where the topology is unknown I don't kno=
w if</div>
<div>it is a very relevant information, but it depends how the LSB is const=
ructed.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<blockquote type=3D"cite">
<div style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line=
-break: after-white-space; ">
<div><br>
</div>
<div>The main concern is about security. Obviously LSB can be easily spoofe=
d in a public environment and this is documented in section 6.4.1 of the dr=
aft-ietf-lisp-threats, which recommends:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<pre class=3D"newpage" style=3D"font-size: 1em; margin-top: 0px; margin-bot=
tom: 0px; page-break-before: always; ">   Locator Status Bits can be blindl=
y trusted only in secure
   environments.  In the general unsecured Internet environment, the
   safest practice for xTRs is to confirm the status change
   through the mapping system.</pre>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>So IMHO the thing to do is to simply put a reference to the lisp-threa=
ts draft about the use of LSBs.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<div>If the LSB has to be verified, I would then prefer to use versioning.<=
/div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Damien Saucez</div>
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<blockquote type=3D"cite">
<div style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line=
-break: after-white-space; ">
<div>ciao</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Luigi</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
<div>
<div>On 22 Jan. 2013, at 04:15 , Dino Farinacci &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:farin=
acci@gmail.com">farinacci@gmail.com</a>&gt; wrote:</div>
<br class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline">
<blockquote type=3D"cite">They have the same meaning in all environment. It=
 is a question when they should be verified. An LSB that changes in a publi=
c environment can cause a Map-Request to be sent and a signed Map-Reply can=
 verify the LSB in &nbsp;an authenticated
 matter. <br>
<br>
Dino<br>
<br>
On Jan 21, 2013, at 6:05 PM, Ronald Bonica &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:rbonica@ju=
niper.net">rbonica@juniper.net</a>&gt; wrote:<br>
<br>
<blockquote type=3D"cite">Dino,<br>
<br>
But isn't it troubling that the bits have one meaning in a controlled envir=
onment and another in the great-wide Internet?<br>
<br>
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Ron<br>
<br>
<br>
<blockquote type=3D"cite">-----Original Message-----<br>
From: <a href=3D"mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org">lisp-bounces@ietf.org</a> [m=
ailto:lisp-<a href=3D"mailto:bounces@ietf.org">bounces@ietf.org</a>] On Beh=
alf Of<br>
Dino Farinacci<br>
Sent: Monday, January 21, 2013 5:51 PM<br>
To: Noel Chiappa<br>
Cc: <a href=3D"mailto:lisp-interest@cisco.com">lisp-interest@cisco.com</a>;=
 <a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">
lisp@ietf.org</a>; lisp-<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:beta@external.cisco.com">beta@external.cisco.com</a><br>
Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet<br>
deployment?<br>
<br>
<blockquote type=3D"cite">(I don't remember off the top of my head why I di=
dn't like them: I<br>
think it was a combination of the fixed number of bits, the fact that<br>
it might be difficult for ETR X to know the state of ETR Y, the fact<br>
that 'reachable from ITR A' [which you _really_ need to have anyway]<br>
is a subset of 'up', etc, etc. But we didn't desperately need the<br>
header bits, and the mechanism wasn't positively harmful, so I didn't<br>
bother to put up a big fight over it... :-)<br>
</blockquote>
<br>
Maybe because they could be spoofed?<br>
<br>
But they are good in control environments to take ETRs out of service<br>
without having to update the mapping database.<br>
<br>
Dino<br>
<br>
<br>
_______________________________________________<br>
lisp mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp">https://www.ietf.org=
/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a><br>
</blockquote>
<br>
<br>
</blockquote>
_______________________________________________<br>
lisp mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp">https://www.ietf.org=
/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a><br>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</div>
_______________________________________________<br>
lisp mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:lisp@ietf.org">lisp@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp">https://www.ietf.org=
/mailman/listinfo/lisp</a><br>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

--_000_C50195086D1A7144938C2C63DB7C55520457DE95xmbalnx08ciscoc_--

From D.Kalogeras@noc.ntua.gr  Wed Jan 23 02:32:37 2013
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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On 23/1/2013 11:08 Ï€Î¼, Lori Jakab wrote:
> On 01/22/13 12:22, Damien Saucez wrote:
>> On 22 Jan 2013, at 10:15, Luigi Iannone <ggx@gigix.net
>> <mailto:ggx@gigix.net>> wrote:
>>
>>> Hi All,
>>>
>>> the definition of LSB as of the to-be-soon-rfc lisp specification is:
>>>
>>> LISP Locator Status Bits (LSBs):  When the L-bit is also set, the
>>>       locator status bits field in the LISP header is set by an ITR to
>>>       indicate to an ETR the up/down status of the Locators in the
>>>       source site. 
>>>
>>> I think that this clears Damien's question since LSB has no
>>> "reachability" meaning, rather it is a message from the site telling
>>> "from my perspective ETR X is up and running".
>>>
>> Yes, it is not a problem of reachability but a question of status.
>> However, how is the
>> status defined but the router that sends the LSB? How does it know
>> that the locator
>> is up or down? How can we make sure that the LSB will be the same,
>> whatever router
>> is building it?
> I think this depends a lot on the implementation. For example, if you
> wanted to have the LSBs synced, you could use the status from the
> locator records in the Map-Notify messages, and you would get the Map
> Server view of status. With a more complex implementation, you could
> probably get a better view. But I think it depends a lot on the
> implementation.
>
>> Another question, how bad/good would it be for the traffic if two
>> routers give different
>> LSBs?
> Again, that's something implementation specific, I don't think it's specced.
>
>>> (BTW this may help debugging, since if the ETR is running but not
>>> reachable from the outside this clearly shows that the problem is
>>> along the path somewhere. Yeahâ€¦ could be a long pathâ€¦ but it is still
>>> useful information).
>> I agree, that in a controlled environment LSB can be very helpful to debug
>> the network. In the Internet where the topology is unknown I don't know if
>> it is a very relevant information, but it depends how the LSB is
>> constructed.
> Exactly, depends on the implementation. But the document we discuss is
> about deployment, so operators can only do what implementations allow
> them to do.

I agree with Lori, I assume that this bit carries different meanings
whether there is an "hot" association
with another instance or some "cold" association, where "hot" and "cold
" could have relevant meanings when used in standby
scenarios

--Dimitris


>>> The main concern is about security. Obviously LSB can be easily
>>> spoofed in a public environment and this is documented in section
>>> 6.4.1 of the draft-ietf-lisp-threats, which recommends:
>>>
>>>    Locator Status Bits can be blindly trusted only in secure
>>>    environments.  In the general unsecured Internet environment, the
>>>    safest practice for xTRs is to confirm the status change
>>>    through the mapping system.
>>>
>>>
>>> So IMHO the thing to do is to simply put a reference to the
>>> lisp-threats draft about the use of LSBs.
>>>
>>
>> If the LSB has to be verified, I would then prefer to use versioning.
> I will put a reference to the threats draft, and suggest versioning as
> an alternative.
>
> Thanks for all the input!
>
> -Lori
>
>> Damien Saucez
>>
>>
>>> ciao
>>>
>>> Luigi
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> On 22 Jan. 2013, at 04:15 , Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com
>>> <mailto:farinacci@gmail.com>> wrote:
>>>
>>>> They have the same meaning in all environment. It is a question when
>>>> they should be verified. An LSB that changes in a public environment
>>>> can cause a Map-Request to be sent and a signed Map-Reply can verify
>>>> the LSB in an authenticated matter.
>>>>
>>>> Dino
>>>>
>>>> On Jan 21, 2013, at 6:05 PM, Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net
>>>> <mailto:rbonica@juniper.net>> wrote:
>>>>
>>>>> Dino,
>>>>>
>>>>> But isn't it troubling that the bits have one meaning in a
>>>>> controlled environment and another in the great-wide Internet?
>>>>>
>>>>> Ron
>>>>>
>>>>>
>>>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>>>> From: lisp-bounces@ietf.org <mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org>
>>>>>> [mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org <mailto:bounces@ietf.org>] On Behalf Of
>>>>>> Dino Farinacci
>>>>>> Sent: Monday, January 21, 2013 5:51 PM
>>>>>> To: Noel Chiappa
>>>>>> Cc: lisp-interest@cisco.com <mailto:lisp-interest@cisco.com>;
>>>>>> lisp@ietf.org <mailto:lisp@ietf.org>; lisp-
>>>>>> beta@external.cisco.com <mailto:beta@external.cisco.com>
>>>>>> Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet
>>>>>> deployment?
>>>>>>
>>>>>>> (I don't remember off the top of my head why I didn't like them: I
>>>>>>> think it was a combination of the fixed number of bits, the fact that
>>>>>>> it might be difficult for ETR X to know the state of ETR Y, the fact
>>>>>>> that 'reachable from ITR A' [which you _really_ need to have anyway]
>>>>>>> is a subset of 'up', etc, etc. But we didn't desperately need the
>>>>>>> header bits, and the mechanism wasn't positively harmful, so I didn't
>>>>>>> bother to put up a big fight over it... :-)
>>>>>> Maybe because they could be spoofed?
>>>>>>
>>>>>> But they are good in control environments to take ETRs out of service
>>>>>> without having to update the mapping database.
>>>>>>
>>>>>> Dino
>>>>>>
>>>>>>
>>>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>>>> lisp mailing list
>>>>>> lisp@ietf.org <mailto:lisp@ietf.org>
>>>>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>>>>>
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> lisp mailing list
>>>> lisp@ietf.org <mailto:lisp@ietf.org>
>>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>>> _______________________________________________
>>> lisp mailing list
>>> lisp@ietf.org <mailto:lisp@ietf.org>
>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>>
>>
>> _______________________________________________
>> lisp mailing list
>> lisp@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp


-- 
Dimitrios K. Kalogeras

Electrical Engineer Ph.D.
Network Engineer
NTUA/GR-Net Network Management Center
_____________________________________
skype: aweboy
voice: +30-210-772 1863
fax:   +30-210-772 1866
e-mail: D.Kalogeras@noc.ntua.gr


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From: Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net>
To: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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Hi Dino,

Sorry to be slow, but this is one of those cases where a complete expansion=
 might be called for:

1) On the public Internet, we shouldn't trust the LSB at all. If an ITR det=
ects any transition (0-to-1 or 1-to-0), verify it with the mapping system.

2) In a controlled Environment, we can trust the LSB
2a) If the ITR detects a transition from 1-to-0, we should believe it. Ther=
e is no need to verify. In fact, if we did check with the mapping system, w=
e might find that the mapping system still reports the bit as 1. This is be=
cause, as you say below, LSB "are good in control[ed] environments to take =
ETRs out of service without having to update the mapping database."
2b) If the ITR detects a transition from 0-to-1, we should believe it. Ther=
e is no need to verify. But if we did verify, it would be more likely that =
the mapping system would report the same thing.

Also, in the bullet points above, I am not quite sure what the definition o=
f a "controlled environment" is. Am I correct in assuming that an environme=
nt is "controlled" if it satisfies both of the following requirements:

-controlled from a security perspective. Bad guys cannot spoof LISP control=
 information on the data plane.
-controlled from a routing perspective. ETRs are aware of each others' stat=
us (and, therefore, can report on each others' status) because the particip=
ate in a common IGP.

                                  Ron

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dino Farinacci [mailto:farinacci@gmail.com]
> Sent: Monday, January 21, 2013 10:15 PM
> To: Ronald Bonica
> Cc: Noel Chiappa; lisp-interest@cisco.com; lisp@ietf.org; lisp-
> beta@external.cisco.com
> Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet
> deployment?
>=20
> They have the same meaning in all environment. It is a question when
> they should be verified. An LSB that changes in a public environment
> can cause a Map-Request to be sent and a signed Map-Reply can verify
> the LSB in  an authenticated matter.
>=20
> Dino
>=20
> On Jan 21, 2013, at 6:05 PM, Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net> wrote:
>=20
> > Dino,
> >
> > But isn't it troubling that the bits have one meaning in a controlled
> environment and another in the great-wide Internet?
> >
> >                                            Ron
> >
> >
> >> -----Original Message-----
> >> From: lisp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf
> >> Of Dino Farinacci
> >> Sent: Monday, January 21, 2013 5:51 PM
> >> To: Noel Chiappa
> >> Cc: lisp-interest@cisco.com; lisp@ietf.org; lisp-
> >> beta@external.cisco.com
> >> Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet
> >> deployment?
> >>
> >>> (I don't remember off the top of my head why I didn't like them: I
> >>> think it was a combination of the fixed number of bits, the fact
> >>> that it might be difficult for ETR X to know the state of ETR Y,
> the
> >>> fact that 'reachable from ITR A' [which you _really_ need to have
> >>> anyway] is a subset of 'up', etc, etc. But we didn't desperately
> >>> need the header bits, and the mechanism wasn't positively harmful,
> >>> so I didn't bother to put up a big fight over it... :-)
> >>
> >> Maybe because they could be spoofed?
> >>
> >> But they are good in control environments to take ETRs out of
> service
> >> without having to update the mapping database.
> >>
> >> Dino
> >>
> >>
> >> _______________________________________________
> >> lisp mailing list
> >> lisp@ietf.org
> >> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
> >
> >



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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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Ron,

Sorry to be repeating myself...

On 1/23/13 5:35 PM, Ronald Bonica wrote:
> Hi Dino,
>
> Sorry to be slow, but this is one of those cases where a complete expansion might be called for:
>
> 1) On the public Internet, we shouldn't trust the LSB at all. If an ITR detects any transition (0-to-1 or 1-to-0), verify it with the mapping system.

... verify it out of band or externally (through the mapping system
being one approach).



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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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On 1/23/13 5:54 PM, Eliot Lear wrote:
> Ron,
>
> Sorry to be repeating myself...
>
> On 1/23/13 5:35 PM, Ronald Bonica wrote:
>> Hi Dino,
>>
>> Sorry to be slow, but this is one of those cases where a complete expansion might be called for:
>>
>> 1) On the public Internet, we shouldn't trust the LSB at all. If an ITR detects any transition (0-to-1 or 1-to-0), verify it with the mapping system.
> ... verify it out of band or externally (through the mapping system
> being one approach).
>
>

Oh and s/ITR/ETR/ right?

From jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu  Wed Jan 23 10:44:18 2013
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From: jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu (Noel Chiappa)
Cc: jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu
Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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    > From: Eliot Lear <lear@cisco.com>

    >> If an ITR detects any transition (0 -to-1 or 1-to-0), verify it

    > Oh and s/ITR/ETR/ right?

No, I don't think so. LSBs are used to tell ITRs the status of ETRs, so
ITRs are the things which will use them - and should verify them.


But, to make a larger point, I don't think asking the mapping system is
really going to be the way to verify any changes - the whole point of LSBs (I
thought) was to cover an interim level of dynamics between i) changing the
mappings (i.e. updating the mapping system) and really dynamic stuff (e.g.
reachability failures). So I don't think status changes reflected in the LSB
would _necessarily_ show up in the mapping database.*

(* One use I heard postulated for LSBs was if you wanted to change the
mapping, and permanently _remove_ an ETR, since ITRs might not pick up a new
mapping entry right away, you could mark it 'down' in the LSBs. Or something
like that... I forget how you tell which bits in an LSB correspond to what
RLOCs. And of course I think that was before mapping sequence/version numbers
came in, which allow an ITR to quickly discover that it has an outdate
mapping.)


Maybe I'm confused, but I'm still not hearing why the LSB buys us anything
above and beyond what we have to have anyway: i) mappings, and some way to
detect that an ITR has an outdated copy of one, and ii) reachability (which
necessarily has to discover, on a fairly real-time basis, a superset of 'up').

	Noel 

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From: Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net>
To: Noel Chiappa <jnc@mercury.lcs.mit.edu>, "lisp@ietf.org" <lisp@ietf.org>, Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
Thread-Topic: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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>=20
>=20
> Maybe I'm confused, but I'm still not hearing why the LSB buys us
> anything above and beyond what we have to have anyway: i) mappings, and
> some way to detect that an ITR has an outdated copy of one, and ii)
> reachability (which necessarily has to discover, on a fairly real-time
> basis, a superset of 'up').
>=20


Noel, Dino,

Thanks for clearing up my misconceptions regarding LSB function. Now, I thi=
nk that we are in a better position to discuss Noel's question, above.

Dino has suggested that the LSB provides a convenient way for ETRs to infor=
m ITRs that locators have been taken in or out of service. This can be done=
 without involving the mapping service.

However, the mechanism only works in "controlled environments". Furthermore=
, even in controlled environments, when the LSB=3D=3D1, the ITR still has t=
o test for reachability. This is because a locator can be in service, but u=
nreachable from a particular ITR. (I am not sure about this, but when the L=
SB=3D=3D0, might the ITR have to test for reachability anyway, just to ensu=
re that things haven't changed).

Do I have this much right?

If so, does the LSB offer enough to be worth the complexity and processor l=
oad.


                                                       Ron



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A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.

        
        RFC 6830

        Title:      The Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) 
        Author:     D. Farinacci, V. Fuller,
                    D. Meyer, D. Lewis
        Status:     Experimental
        Stream:     IETF
        Date:       January 2013
        Mailbox:    farinacci@gmail.com, 
                    vaf@vaf.net, 
                    dmm@1-4-5.net,
                    darlewis@cisco.com
        Pages:      75
        Characters: 189977
        Updates/Obsoletes/SeeAlso:   None

        I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-lisp-24.txt

        URL:        http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6830.txt

This document describes a network-layer-based protocol that enables
separation of IP addresses into two new numbering spaces: Endpoint
Identifiers (EIDs) and Routing Locators (RLOCs).  No changes are
required to either host protocol stacks or to the "core" of the
Internet infrastructure.  The Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)
can be incrementally deployed, without a "flag day", and offers
Traffic Engineering, multihoming, and mobility benefits to early
adopters, even when there are relatively few LISP-capable sites.

Design and development of LISP was largely motivated by the problem
statement produced by the October 2006 IAB Routing and Addressing
Workshop.  This document defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
community.

This document is a product of the Locator/ID Separation Protocol Working Group of the IETF.


EXPERIMENTAL: This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the
Internet community.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any
kind. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

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The RFC Editor Team
Association Management Solutions, LLC



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Subject: [lisp] RFC 6831 on The Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) for Multicast Environments
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A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.

        
        RFC 6831

        Title:      The Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) 
                    for Multicast Environments 
        Author:     D. Farinacci, D. Meyer,
                    J. Zwiebel, S. Venaas
        Status:     Experimental
        Stream:     IETF
        Date:       January 2013
        Mailbox:    farinacci@gmail.com, 
                    dmm@cisco.com, 
                    jzwiebel@cruzio.com,
                    stig@cisco.com
        Pages:      28
        Characters: 71901
        Updates/Obsoletes/SeeAlso:   None

        I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-lisp-multicast-14.txt

        URL:        http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6831.txt

This document describes how inter-domain multicast routing will
function in an environment where Locator/ID Separation is deployed
using the Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) architecture.  
This document defines an Experimental Protocol for the Internet
community.

This document is a product of the Locator/ID Separation Protocol Working Group of the IETF.


EXPERIMENTAL: This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the
Internet community.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any
kind. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
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The RFC Editor Team
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Subject: [lisp] RFC 6832 on Interworking between Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) and Non-LISP Sites
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A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.

        
        RFC 6832

        Title:      Interworking between Locator/ID Separation Protocol 
                    (LISP) and Non-LISP Sites 
        Author:     D. Lewis, D. Meyer,
                    D. Farinacci, V. Fuller
        Status:     Experimental
        Stream:     IETF
        Date:       January 2013
        Mailbox:    darlewis@cisco.com, 
                    dmm@1-4-5.net, 
                    farinacci@gmail.com,
                    vaf@vaf.net
        Pages:      19
        Characters: 43758
        Updates/Obsoletes/SeeAlso:   None

        I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-lisp-interworking-06.txt

        URL:        http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6832.txt

This document describes techniques for allowing sites running the
Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) to interoperate with Internet
sites that may be using either IPv4, IPv6, or both but that are not
running LISP.  A fundamental property of LISP-speaking sites is that
they use Endpoint Identifiers (EIDs), rather than traditional IP
addresses, in the source and destination fields of all traffic they
emit or receive.  While EIDs are syntactically identical to IPv4 or
IPv6 addresses, normally routes to them are not carried in the global
routing system, so an interoperability mechanism is needed for non-
LISP-speaking sites to exchange traffic with LISP-speaking sites.
This document introduces three such mechanisms.  The first uses a new
network element, the LISP Proxy Ingress Tunnel Router (Proxy-ITR), to
act as an intermediate LISP Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR) for non-LISP-
speaking hosts.  Second, this document adds Network Address
Translation (NAT) functionality to LISP ITRs and LISP Egress Tunnel
Routers (ETRs) to substitute routable IP addresses for non-routable
EIDs.  Finally, this document introduces the Proxy Egress Tunnel
Router (Proxy-ETR) to handle cases where a LISP ITR cannot send
packets to non-LISP sites without encapsulation.  This document defines 
an Experimental Protocol for the Internet community.

This document is a product of the Locator/ID Separation Protocol Working Group of the IETF.


EXPERIMENTAL: This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the
Internet community.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any
kind. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
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The RFC Editor Team
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From wwwrun@rfc-editor.org  Wed Jan 23 20:02:45 2013
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Subject: [lisp] RFC 6833 on Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Map-Server Interface
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A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.

        
        RFC 6833

        Title:      Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Map-Server 
                    Interface 
        Author:     V. Fuller, D. Farinacci
        Status:     Experimental
        Stream:     IETF
        Date:       January 2013
        Mailbox:    vaf@vaf.net, 
                    farinacci@gmail.com
        Pages:      13
        Characters: 30144
        Updates/Obsoletes/SeeAlso:   None

        I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-lisp-ms-16.txt

        URL:        http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6833.txt

This document describes the Mapping Service for the Locator/ID
Separation Protocol (LISP), implemented by two new types of LISP-
speaking devices -- the LISP Map-Resolver and LISP Map-Server -- that
provides a simplified "front end" for one or more Endpoint ID to
Routing Locator mapping databases.

By using this service interface and communicating with Map-Resolvers
and Map-Servers, LISP Ingress Tunnel Routers and Egress Tunnel
Routers are not dependent on the details of mapping database systems,
which facilitates experimentation with different database designs.
Since these devices implement the "edge" of the LISP infrastructure,
connect directly to LISP-capable Internet end sites, and comprise the
bulk of LISP-speaking devices, reducing their implementation and
operational complexity should also reduce the overall cost and effort
of deploying LISP.  This document defines an Experimental Protocol 
for the Internet community.

This document is a product of the Locator/ID Separation Protocol Working Group of the IETF.


EXPERIMENTAL: This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the
Internet community.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any
kind. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
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The RFC Editor Team
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Subject: [lisp] RFC 6834 on Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Map-Versioning
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A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.

        
        RFC 6834

        Title:      Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Map-Versioning 
        Author:     L. Iannone, D. Saucez,
                    O. Bonaventure
        Status:     Experimental
        Stream:     IETF
        Date:       January 2013
        Mailbox:    luigi.iannone@telecom-paristech.fr, 
                    damien.saucez@inria.fr, 
                    olivier.bonaventure@uclouvain.be
        Pages:      21
        Characters: 51447
        Updates/Obsoletes/SeeAlso:   None

        I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-lisp-map-versioning-09.txt

        URL:        http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6834.txt

This document describes the LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol)
Map-Versioning mechanism, which provides in-packet information about
Endpoint ID to Routing Locator (EID-to-RLOC) mappings used to
encapsulate LISP data packets.  The proposed approach is based on
associating a version number to EID-to-RLOC mappings and the
transport of such a version number in the LISP-specific header of
LISP-encapsulated packets.  LISP Map-Versioning is particularly
useful to inform communicating Ingress Tunnel Routers (ITRs) and
Egress Tunnel Routers (ETRs) about modifications of the mappings used
to encapsulate packets.  The mechanism is transparent to
implementations not supporting this feature, since in the LISP-
specific header and in the Map Records, bits used for Map-Versioning
can be safely ignored by ITRs and ETRs that do not support the
mechanism.  This document defines an Experimental Protocol for the 
Internet community.

This document is a product of the Locator/ID Separation Protocol Working Group of the IETF.


EXPERIMENTAL: This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the
Internet community.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any
kind. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
Distribution of this memo is unlimited.

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The RFC Editor Team
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Subject: [lisp] RFC 6835 on The Locator/ID Separation Protocol Internet Groper (LIG)
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A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.

        
        RFC 6835

        Title:      The Locator/ID Separation Protocol Internet 
                    Groper (LIG) 
        Author:     D. Farinacci, D. Meyer
        Status:     Informational
        Stream:     IETF
        Date:       January 2013
        Mailbox:    farinacci@gmail.com, 
                    dmm@cisco.com
        Pages:      12
        Characters: 26810
        Updates/Obsoletes/SeeAlso:   None

        I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-lisp-lig-06.txt

        URL:        http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6835.txt

A simple tool called the Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)
Internet Groper or 'lig' can be used to query the LISP mapping
database.  This document describes how it works.  This document 
is not an Internet Standards Track specification; it is
published for informational purposes.

This document is a product of the Locator/ID Separation Protocol Working Group of the IETF.


INFORMATIONAL: This memo provides information for the Internet community.
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Subject: [lisp] RFC 6836 on Locator/ID Separation Protocol Alternative Logical Topology (LISP+ALT)
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A new Request for Comments is now available in online RFC libraries.

        
        RFC 6836

        Title:      Locator/ID Separation Protocol Alternative Logical 
                    Topology (LISP+ALT) 
        Author:     V. Fuller, D. Farinacci,
                    D. Meyer, D. Lewis
        Status:     Experimental
        Stream:     IETF
        Date:       January 2013
        Mailbox:    vaf@vaf.net, 
                    farinacci@gmail.com, 
                    dmm@1-4-5.net,
                    darlewis@cisco.com
        Pages:      25
        Characters: 62093
        Updates/Obsoletes/SeeAlso:   None

        I-D Tag:    draft-ietf-lisp-alt-11.txt

        URL:        http://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6836.txt

This document describes a simple distributed index system to be used
by a Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP) Ingress Tunnel Router
(ITR) or Map-Resolver (MR) to find the Egress Tunnel Router (ETR)
that holds the mapping information for a particular Endpoint
Identifier (EID).  The MR can then query that ETR to obtain the
actual mapping information, which consists of a list of Routing
Locators (RLOCs) for the EID.  Termed the Alternative Logical
Topology (ALT), the index is built as an overlay network on the
public Internet using the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) and Generic
Routing Encapsulation (GRE).  This document defines an Experimental 
Protocol for the Internet community.

This document is a product of the Locator/ID Separation Protocol Working Group of the IETF.


EXPERIMENTAL: This memo defines an Experimental Protocol for the
Internet community.  It does not specify an Internet standard of any
kind. Discussion and suggestions for improvement are requested.
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The RFC Editor Team
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From: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
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Subject: [lisp] A huge thanks for LISP!
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Tonight 7 LISP Internet Drafts became RFCs:



I would like to take this opportunity to thank 100s of people over the =
past 6 years for their tremendous efforts:



This is actually the very beginning on what LISP can bring to =
networking. Stay tuned throughout 2013 for deployments and new =
use-cases.

Sincerely,
Dino


--Apple-Mail=_02BDDD06-D608-426B-9C28-0D9C0C6F4B2F
Content-Type: multipart/related;
	type="text/html";
	boundary="Apple-Mail=_98CB247A-53F1-4A7A-9947-CE43D3081FAB"


--Apple-Mail=_98CB247A-53F1-4A7A-9947-CE43D3081FAB
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<html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html =
charset=3Dus-ascii"></head><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; =
">Tonight 7 LISP Internet Drafts became RFCs:<div><br></div><div><img =
id=3D"d2cc56b6-3dab-4f8e-9d92-0d41b186d15f" height=3D"128" width=3D"640" =
apple-width=3D"yes" apple-height=3D"yes" =
src=3D"cid:7F76BFF2-CEBF-489B-BA8C-19AFE0901EEF@dinof.net"></div><div><br>=
</div><div>I would like to take this opportunity to thank 100s of people =
over the past 6 years for their tremendous =
efforts:</div><div><br></div><div><img =
id=3D"e5fd1529-ea95-4ee3-85f6-52ecf827829d" height=3D"495" width=3D"480" =
apple-width=3D"yes" apple-height=3D"yes" =
src=3D"cid:5DB78D6A-4A38-4BA5-90F6-F69CD0478CAF@dinof.net"></div><div><br>=
</div><div>This is actually the very beginning on what LISP can bring to =
networking. Stay tuned throughout 2013 for deployments and new =
use-cases.</div><div><br></div><div>Sincerely,</div><div>Dino</div><div><b=
r></div></body></html>=

--Apple-Mail=_98CB247A-53F1-4A7A-9947-CE43D3081FAB
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From: Dino Farinacci <farinacci@gmail.com>
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To: Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net>
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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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> Hi Dino,
>=20
> Sorry to be slow, but this is one of those cases where a complete =
expansion might be called for:
>=20
> 1) On the public Internet, we shouldn't trust the LSB at all. If an =
ITR detects any transition (0-to-1 or 1-to-0), verify it with the =
mapping system.

Yes, the LSBs are hints and can be trusted, if chosen to, or with =
paranoia tested to be in sync or the truth. There is a =
control-plane/security/fast-convergence tradeoff.

> 2) In a controlled Environment, we can trust the LSB
> 2a) If the ITR detects a transition from 1-to-0, we should believe it. =
There is no need to verify. In fact, if we did check with the mapping =
system, we might find that the mapping system still reports the bit as =
1. This is because, as you say below, LSB "are good in control[ed] =
environments to take ETRs out of service without having to update the =
mapping database."

The mapping system transports the Map-Request and the devices which =
advertise the LSBs are the ones that report their status of them via a =
returned Map-Reply. And as I said in a previous email, the Map-Reply can =
be signed.

You get more validation *from the mapping system* because the two =
parties (Map-Requestor and Map-Replier) have a shared trusted anchor =
point. That is the Map-Server(s) the ETR is registering with.

> 2b) If the ITR detects a transition from 0-to-1, we should believe it. =
There is no need to verify. But if we did verify, it would be more =
likely that the mapping system would report the same thing.

If the LSB transition to either state, it should be verified. The only =
point where I can relate to what you are saying is to "route away" to =
the 1-to-0 transition. And to not "route to new" when the 0-to-1 =
transition has not been verified. But this could be splitting hairs.

> Also, in the bullet points above, I am not quite sure what the =
definition of a "controlled environment" is. Am I correct in assuming =
that an environment is "controlled" if it satisfies both of the =
following requirements:

Controlled means trusted. For instance, a leaf/top-of-rack router in a =
data center who is encapsulating to another leaf router in the same data =
center or another one controlled and managed by the same organizational =
entity.

> -controlled from a security perspective. Bad guys cannot spoof LISP =
control information on the data plane.
> -controlled from a routing perspective. ETRs are aware of each others' =
status (and, therefore, can report on each others' status) because the =
participate in a common IGP.

I believe solely on trust.

Dino

>=20
>                                  Ron
>=20
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Dino Farinacci [mailto:farinacci@gmail.com]
>> Sent: Monday, January 21, 2013 10:15 PM
>> To: Ronald Bonica
>> Cc: Noel Chiappa; lisp-interest@cisco.com; lisp@ietf.org; lisp-
>> beta@external.cisco.com
>> Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet
>> deployment?
>>=20
>> They have the same meaning in all environment. It is a question when
>> they should be verified. An LSB that changes in a public environment
>> can cause a Map-Request to be sent and a signed Map-Reply can verify
>> the LSB in  an authenticated matter.
>>=20
>> Dino
>>=20
>> On Jan 21, 2013, at 6:05 PM, Ronald Bonica <rbonica@juniper.net> =
wrote:
>>=20
>>> Dino,
>>>=20
>>> But isn't it troubling that the bits have one meaning in a =
controlled
>> environment and another in the great-wide Internet?
>>>=20
>>>                                           Ron
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>>> -----Original Message-----
>>>> From: lisp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:lisp-bounces@ietf.org] On =
Behalf
>>>> Of Dino Farinacci
>>>> Sent: Monday, January 21, 2013 5:51 PM
>>>> To: Noel Chiappa
>>>> Cc: lisp-interest@cisco.com; lisp@ietf.org; lisp-
>>>> beta@external.cisco.com
>>>> Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet
>>>> deployment?
>>>>=20
>>>>> (I don't remember off the top of my head why I didn't like them: I
>>>>> think it was a combination of the fixed number of bits, the fact
>>>>> that it might be difficult for ETR X to know the state of ETR Y,
>> the
>>>>> fact that 'reachable from ITR A' [which you _really_ need to have
>>>>> anyway] is a subset of 'up', etc, etc. But we didn't desperately
>>>>> need the header bits, and the mechanism wasn't positively harmful,
>>>>> so I didn't bother to put up a big fight over it... :-)
>>>>=20
>>>> Maybe because they could be spoofed?
>>>>=20
>>>> But they are good in control environments to take ETRs out of
>> service
>>>> without having to update the mapping database.
>>>>=20
>>>> Dino
>>>>=20
>>>>=20
>>>> _______________________________________________
>>>> lisp mailing list
>>>> lisp@ietf.org
>>>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/lisp
>>>=20
>>>=20
>=20
>=20


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Subject: Re: [lisp] Should we use Locator-Status-Bits in Internet deployment?
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>>=20
>> Maybe I'm confused, but I'm still not hearing why the LSB buys us
>> anything above and beyond what we have to have anyway: i) mappings, =
and
>> some way to detect that an ITR has an outdated copy of one, and ii)
>> reachability (which necessarily has to discover, on a fairly =
real-time
>> basis, a superset of 'up').
>>=20
>=20
>=20
> Noel, Dino,
>=20
> Thanks for clearing up my misconceptions regarding LSB function. Now, =
I think that we are in a better position to discuss Noel's question, =
above.
>=20
> Dino has suggested that the LSB provides a convenient way for ETRs to =
inform ITRs that locators have been taken in or out of service. This can =
be done without involving the mapping service.

What the LSBs buy us is fast convergence. Let me explain.

(1) An IGP operating in a small part of the network can converge faster =
than propagating control messages to remote ASes.

(2) Once the IGP tells the data-plane, the data-plane sets these control =
bits. That means the control bits are sent from one AS to another very =
fast, via fast-switching of packets in the core routers.

(3) The LSBs are NOT reachability status. They are source up/down status =
that the source knows about. Where the source here is the site that =
operates the xTRs.

> However, the mechanism only works in "controlled environments". =
Furthermore, even in controlled environments, when the LSB=3D=3D1, the =
ITR still has to test for reachability. This is because a locator can be =
in service, but unreachable from a particular ITR. (I am not sure about =
this, but when the LSB=3D=3D0, might the ITR have to test for =
reachability anyway, just to ensure that things haven't changed).

If your LSB bit is 0, it doesn't matter if the reachability to you is =
up, because if you are down, then it doesn't matter. However, if your =
LSB bit is 1, it means you are up. But from my part of the topology you =
may be unreachable, but from Noel's part of the topology you may be =
reachable.

So up/down is global and reachability is pairwise.

> Do I have this much right?
>=20
> If so, does the LSB offer enough to be worth the complexity and =
processor load.

I believe it is worth it and it is being used in different use-cases and =
environments.

Dino



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> Tonight 7 LISP Internet Drafts became RFCs:

Congratulations!
Sander


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From: Lori Jakab <ljakab@ac.upc.edu>
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Subject: [lisp] Proposed update to draft-ietf-lisp-deployment
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Hi folks,

Please find attached a proposed new revision diff and full document
draft-ietf-lisp-deployment.  It incorporates the feedback received
during working group last call.  If there are no objections, I will post
it to the datatracker on Friday.

-Lori

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<html><head><title>wdiff draft-ietf-lisp-deployment-05.txt draft-ietf-lisp-deployment-06.txt</title></head><body>
<pre>

Network Working Group                                           L. Jakab
Internet-Draft                                      <strike><font color='red' >A. Cabellos-Aparicio</font></strike>                                             <strong><font color='green' >Cisco Systems</font></strong>
Intended status: Informational                                  <strike><font color='red' >F. Coras</font></strike>                      <strong><font color='green' >A. Cabellos-Aparicio</font></strong>
Expires: <strike><font color='red' >April 23,</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >July 28,</font></strong> 2013                                          <strong><font color='green' >F. Coras</font></strong>
                                                      J. Domingo-Pascual
                                                 Technical University of
                                                               Catalonia
                                                                D. Lewis
                                                           Cisco Systems
                                                        <strike><font color='red' >October 20, 2012</font></strike>
                                                        <strong><font color='green' >January 24, 2013</font></strong>

             LISP Network Element Deployment Considerations
                   <strike><font color='red' >draft-ietf-lisp-deployment-05.txt</font></strike>
                   <strong><font color='green' >draft-ietf-lisp-deployment-06.txt</font></strong>

Abstract

   This document discusses the different scenarios for the deployment of
   the new network elements introduced by the Locator/Identifier
   Separation Protocol (LISP).

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on <strike><font color='red' >April 23,</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >July 28,</font></strong> 2013.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) <strike><font color='red' >2012</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >2013</font></strong> IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect
   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.

Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Tunnel Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  <strike><font color='red' >3</font></strike>  <strong><font color='green' >4</font></strong>
     2.1.  Customer Edge  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     2.2.  Provider Edge  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     2.3.  Split ITR/ETR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  <strike><font color='red' >6</font></strike>  <strong><font color='green' >7</font></strong>
     2.4.  Inter-Service Provider Traffic Engineering . . . . . . . .  8
     2.5.  Tunnel Routers Behind NAT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
       2.5.1.  ITR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
       2.5.2.  ETR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <strike><font color='red' >10</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >11</font></strong>
     2.6.  Summary and Feature Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   3.  <strike><font color='red' >Map-Resolvers</font></strike>  <strong><font color='green' >Map Resolvers</font></strong> and <strike><font color='red' >Map-Servers</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Servers</font></strong>  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     3.1.  <strike><font color='red' >Map-Servers</font></strike>  <strong><font color='green' >Map Servers</font></strong>  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     3.2.  <strike><font color='red' >Map-Resolvers</font></strike>  <strong><font color='green' >Map Resolvers</font></strong>  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   4.  Proxy Tunnel Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     4.1.  P-ITR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     4.2.  P-ETR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   5.  Migration to LISP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     5.1.  LISP+BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <strike><font color='red' >16</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >15</font></strong>
     5.2.  Mapping Service Provider (MSP) P-ITR Service . . . . . . . 16
     5.3.  Proxy-ITR Route Distribution (PITR-RD) . . . . . . . . . . <strike><font color='red' >17</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >16</font></strong>
     5.4.  Migration Summary  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
   6.  Step-by-Step Example BGP to LISP Migration Procedure . . . . . <strike><font color='red' >20</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >19</font></strong>
     6.1.  Customer Pre-Install and Pre-Turn-up Checklist . . . . . . <strike><font color='red' >20</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >19</font></strong>
     6.2.  Customer Activating LISP Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
     6.3.  Cut-Over Provider Preparation and Changes  . . . . . . . . <strike><font color='red' >22</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >21</font></strong>
   7.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   8.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <strike><font color='red' >23</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >22</font></strong>
   9.  Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <strike><font color='red' >23</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >22</font></strong>
   10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

1.  Introduction

   The Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) addresses the
   scaling issues of the global Internet routing system by separating
   the current addressing scheme into Endpoint IDentifiers (EIDs) and
   Routing LOCators (RLOCs).  The main protocol specification
   <strike><font color='red' >[I-D.ietf-lisp]</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >[RFC6830]</font></strong>
   describes how the separation is achieved, which new network elements
   are introduced, and details the packet formats for the data and
   control planes.

   LISP assumes that such separation is between the edge and <strike><font color='red' >core.</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >core and
   uses a map-and-encap scheme for forwarding.</font></strong>  While the boundary
   between both is not strictly defined, one widely accepted definition
   places it at the border routers of stub autonomous systems, which may
   carry a partial or complete <strike><font color='red' >default-
   free</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >default-free</font></strong> zone (DFZ) routing table.
   The initial design of LISP took this location as a baseline for
   protocol development.  However, the applications of LISP go beyond of
   just decreasing the size of the DFZ routing table, and include
   improved multihoming and ingress traffic engineering (TE) support for
   edge networks, and even individual hosts.  Throughout the draft we
   will use the term LISP site to refer to these networks/hosts behind a
   LISP Tunnel Router.  We formally define it as:

   LISP site:  A single host or a set of network elements in an edge
      network under the administrative control of a single organization,
      delimited from other networks by LISP Tunnel Router(s).

   <strong><font color='green' >Network element:  Active or passive device that is connected
      connected to other active or passive devices for transporting
      packet switched data.</font></strong>

   Since LISP is a protocol which can be used for different purposes, it
   is important to identify possible deployment scenarios and the
   additional requirements they may impose on the protocol specification
   and other protocols.  Additionally, this document is intended as a
   guide for the operational community for LISP deployments in their
   networks.  It is expected to evolve as LISP deployment progresses,
   and the described scenarios are better understood or new scenarios
   are discovered.

   Each subsection considers an element type, discussing the impact of
   deployment scenarios on the protocol specification.  For definition
   of terms, please refer to the appropriate documents (as cited in the
   respective sections).

2.  Tunnel Routers

   <strike><font color='red' >LISP is a map-and-encap protocol, with the main goal of improving
   global routing scalability.  To achieve its goal, it introduces
   several new network elements, each performing specific functions
   necessary to separate the edge from the core.</font></strike>

   The device that is the gateway between the edge and the core is
   called Tunnel Router (xTR), performing one or both of two separate
   functions:

   1.  Encapsulating packets originating from an end host to be
       transported over intermediary (transit) networks towards the
       other end-point of the communication

   2.  Decapsulating packets entering from intermediary (transit)
       networks, originated at a remote end host.

   The first function is performed by an Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR),
   the second by an Egress Tunnel Router (ETR).

   Section 8 of the main LISP specification <strike><font color='red' >[I-D.ietf-lisp]</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >[RFC6830]</font></strong> has a short
   discussion of where Tunnel Routers can be deployed and some of the
   associated advantages and disadvantages.  This section adds more
   detail to the scenarios presented there, and provides additional
   scenarios as well.

2.1.  Customer Edge

   <strike><font color='red' >LISP was designed with deployment at the core-edge boundary in mind,
   which can be approximated as the set of DFZ routers belonging to non-
   transit ASes.  For the purposes of this document,</font></strike>

   <strong><font color='green' >The first scenario</font></strong> we <strike><font color='red' >will consider
   this boundary to be consisting of</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >discuss is customer edge, when xTR
   functionality is placed on the router(s) that connect</font></strong> the <strike><font color='red' >routers connecting</font></strike> LISP <strike><font color='red' >sites</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >site</font></strong>
   to <strike><font color='red' >their upstreams.</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >its upstream(s), but are under its control.</font></strong>  As such, this is the
   most common expected scenario for xTRs, and this document considers
   it the reference location, comparing the other scenarios to this one.

                                ISP1    ISP2
                                 |        |
                                 |        |
                               +----+  +----+
                            +--|xTR1|--|xTR2|--+
                            |  +----+  +----+  |
                            |                  |
                            |     LISP site    |
                            +------------------+

                    Figure 1: xTRs at the customer edge

   From the LISP site perspective the main advantage of this type of
   deployment (compared to the one described in the next section) is
   having direct control over its ingress traffic engineering.  This
   makes it <strike><font color='red' >is</font></strike> easy to set up and maintain active/active, active/backup, or
   more complex TE policies, without involving third parties.

   Being under the same administrative control, reachability information
   of all ETRs is easier to synchronize, because the necessary control
   traffic can be allowed between the locators of the ETRs.  A correct
   synchronous global view of the reachability status is thus available,
   and the Loc-Status-Bits can be set correctly in the LISP data header
   of outgoing packets.

   By placing the tunnel router at the edge of the site, existing
   internal network configuration does not need to be modified.
   Firewall rules, router configurations and address assignments inside
   the LISP site remain unchanged.  This helps with incremental
   deployment and allows a quick upgrade path to LISP.  For larger sites
   with many external connections, distributed in geographically diverse
   PoPs, and complex internal topology, it may however make more sense
   to both encapsulate and decapsulate as soon as possible, to benefit
   from the information in the IGP to choose the best path (see
   Section 2.3 for a discussion of this scenario).

   Another thing to consider when placing tunnel routers are MTU issues.
   Since encapsulating packets increases overhead, the MTU of the end-
   to-end path may decrease, when encapsulated packets need to travel
   over segments having close to minimum MTU.  Some transit networks are
   known to provide larger MTU than the typical value of 1500 bytes of
   popular access technologies used at end hosts (e.g., IEEE 802.3 and
   802.11).  However, placing the LISP router connecting to such a
   network at the customer edge could possibly bring up MTU issues,
   depending on the link type to the provider as opposed to the
   following scenario.  <strong><font color='green' >See [RFC4459] for MTU considerations of
   tunneling protocols.</font></strong>

2.2.  Provider Edge

   The other location at the core-edge boundary for deploying LISP
   routers is at the Internet service provider edge.  The main incentive
   for this case is that the customer does not have to upgrade the CE
   router(s), or change the configuration of any equipment.
   Encapsulation/decapsulation happens in the provider's network, which
   may be able to serve several customers with a single device.  For
   large ISPs with many residential/business customers asking for LISP
   this can lead to important savings, since there is no need to upgrade
   the software (or hardware, if it's the case) at each client's
   location.  Instead, they can upgrade the software (or hardware) on a
   few PE routers serving the customers.  This scenario is depicted in
   Figure 2.

                  +----------+        +------------------+
                  |   ISP1   |        |       ISP2       |
                  |          |        |                  |
                  |  +----+  |        |  +----+  +----+  |
                  +--|xTR1|--+        +--|xTR2|--|xTR3|--+
                     +----+              +----+  +----+
                        |                  |       |
                        |                  |       |
                        +--&lt;[LISP site]&gt;---+-------+

                          Figure 2: xTR at the PE

   While this approach can make transition easy for customers and may be
   cheaper for providers, the LISP site looses one of the main benefits
   of LISP: ingress traffic engineering.  Since the provider controls
   the ETRs, additional complexity would be needed to allow customers to
   modify their mapping entries.

   The problem is aggravated when the LISP site is multihomed.  Consider
   the scenario in Figure 2: whenever a change to TE policies is
   required, the customer contacts both ISP1 and ISP2 to make the
   necessary changes on the routers (if they provide this possibility).
   It is however unlikely, that both ISPs will apply changes
   simultaneously, which may lead to inconsistent state for the mappings
   of the LISP site.  Since the different upstream ISPs are usually
   competing business entities, the ETRs may even be configured to
   compete, either to attract all the traffic or to get no traffic.  The
   former will happen if the customer pays per volume, the latter if the
   connectivity has a fixed price.  A solution could be to have the
   mappings in the <strike><font color='red' >Map-Server(s),</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Server(s),</font></strong> and have their operator give control
   over the entries to customer, much like in the Domain Name System at
   the time of this writing.

   Additionally, since xTR1, xTR2, and xTR3 are in different
   administrative domains, locator reachability information is unlikely
   to be exchanged among them, making it difficult to set Loc-Status-
   Bits <strong><font color='green' >(LSB)</font></strong> correctly on encapsulated packets.  <strong><font color='green' >Because of this, and
   due to the security concerns about LSB described in
   [I-D.ietf-lisp-threats] their use is discouraged without verifying
   ETR reachability through the mapping system or other means.  Mapping
   versioning is another alternative [RFC6834].</font></strong>

   Compared to the customer edge scenario, deploying LISP at the
   provider edge might have the advantage of diminishing potential MTU
   issues, because the tunnel router is closer to the core, where links
   typically have higher MTUs than edge network links.

2.3.  Split ITR/ETR

   In a simple LISP deployment, xTRs are located at the border of the
   LISP site (see Section 2.1).  In this scenario packets are routed
   inside the domain according to the EID.  However, more complex
   networks may want to route packets according to the destination RLOC.
   This would enable them to choose the best egress point.

   The LISP specification separates the ITR and ETR functionality and
   considers that both entities can be deployed in separated network
   equipment.  ITRs can be deployed closer to the host (i.e., access
   routers).  This way packets are encapsulated as soon as possible, and
   packets exit the network through the best egress point in terms of
   BGP policy.  In turn, ETRs can be deployed at the border routers of
   the network, and packets are decapsulated as soon as possible.  Once
   decapsulated, packets are routed based on destination EID, according
   to internal routing policy.

   In the following figure we can see an example.  The Source (S)
   transmits packets using its EID and in this particular case packets
   are encapsulated at ITR_1.  The encapsulated packets are routed
   inside the domain according to the destination RLOC, and can egress
   the network through the best point (i.e., closer to the RLOC's AS).
   On the other hand, inbound packets are received by ETR_1 which
   decapsulates them.  Then packets are routed towards S according to
   the EID, again following the best path.

      +---------------------------------------+
      |                                       |
      |       +-------+                   +-------+         +-------+
      |       | ITR_1 |---------+         | ETR_1 |-RLOC_A--| ISP_A |
      |       +-------+         |         +-------+         +-------+
      |  +-+        |           |             |
      |  |S|        |    IGP    |             |
      |  +-+        |           |             |
      |       +-------+         |         +-------+         +-------+
      |       | ITR_2 |---------+         | ETR_2 |-RLOC_B--| ISP_B |
      |       +-------+                   +-------+         +-------+
      |                                       |
      +---------------------------------------+

                     Figure 3: Split ITR/ETR Scenario

   This scenario has a set of implications:

   o  The site must carry at least partial BGP routes in order to choose
      the best egress point, increasing the complexity of the network.
      However, this is usually already the case for LISP sites that
      would benefit from this scenario.

   o  If the site is multihomed to different ISPs and any of the
      upstream ISPs is doing uRPF filtering, this scenario may become
      impractical.  ITRs need to determine the exit ETR, for setting the
      correct source RLOC in the encapsulation header.  This adds
      complexity and reliability concerns.

   o  In LISP, ITRs set the reachability bits when encapsulating data
      packets.  Hence, ITRs need a mechanism to be aware of the liveness
      of all ETRs serving their site.

   o  MTU within the site network must be large enough to accommodate
      encapsulated packets.

   o  In this scenario, each ITR is serving fewer hosts than in the case
      when it is deployed at the border of the network.  It has been
      shown that cache hit ratio grows logarithmically with the amount
      of users [cache].  Taking this into account, when ITRs are
      deployed closer to the host the effectiveness of the mapping cache
      may be lower (i.e., the miss ratio is higher).  Another
      consequence of this is that the site may transmit a higher amount
      of Map-Requests, increasing the load on the distributed mapping
      database.  <strong><font color='green' >To lower the impact, the site could use a local caching
      Map Resolver.

   o  By placing the ITRs inside the site, they will still need global
      RLOCs, and this may add complexity to intra-site routing
      configuration, and further intra-site issues when there is a
      change of providers.</font></strong>

2.4.  Inter-Service Provider Traffic Engineering

   With LISP, two LISP sites can route packets among them and control
   their ingress TE policies.  Typically, LISP is seen as applicable to
   stub networks, however the LISP protocol can also be applied to
   transit networks recursively.

   Consider the scenario depicted in Figure 4.  Packets originating from
   the LISP site Stub1, client of ISP_A, with destination Stub4, client
   of ISP_B, are LISP encapsulated at their entry point into the ISP_A's
   network.  The external IP header now has as the source RLOC an IP
   from ISP_A's address space and destination RLOC from ISP_B's address
   space.  One or more ASes separate ISP_A from ISP_B. With a single
   level of LISP encapsulation, Stub4 has control over its ingress
   traffic.  However, at the time of this writing, ISP_B has only BGP
   tools (such as prefix deaggregation) to control on which of his own
   upstream or peering links should packets enter.  This is either not
   feasible (if fine-grained per-customer control is required, the very
   specific prefixes may not be propagated) or increases DFZ table size.

                                  _.--.
    Stub1 ...   +-------+      ,-''     `--.      +-------+   ... Stub3
             \  |   R_A1|----,'             `. ---|R_B1   |  /
              --|   R_A2|---(     Transit     )   |       |--
    Stub2 .../  |   R_A3|-----.             ,' ---|R_B2   |  \... Stub4
                +-------+      `--.     _.-'      +-------+
          ...     ISP_A            `--''            ISP_B     ...

               Figure 4: Inter-Service provider TE scenario

   A solution for this is to apply LISP recursively.  ISP_A and ISP_B
   may reach a bilateral agreement to deploy their own private mapping
   system.  ISP_A then encapsulates packets destined for the prefixes of
   ISP_B, which are listed in the shared mapping system.  Note that in
   this case the packet is double-encapsulated (using R_A1, R_A2 or R_A3
   as source and R_B1 or R_B2 as destination in the example above).
   ISP_B's ETR removes the outer, second layer of LISP encapsulation
   from the incoming packet, and routes it towards the original RLOC,
   the ETR of Stub4, which does the final decapsulation.

   If ISP_A and ISP_B agree to share a private distributed mapping
   database, both can control their ingress TE without the need of
   deaggregating prefixes.  In this scenario the private database
   contains RLOC-to-RLOC bindings.  The convergence time on the TE
   policies updates is expected to be fast, since ISPs only have to
   update/query a mapping to/from the database.

   This deployment scenario includes two important caveats.  First, it
   is intended to be deployed between only two ISPs (ISP_A and ISP_B in
   Figure 4).  If more than two ISPs use this approach, then the xTRs
   deployed at the participating ISPs must either query multiple mapping
   systems, or the ISPs must agree on a common shared mapping system.
   Second, the scenario is only recommended for ISPs providing
   connectivity to LISP sites, such that source RLOCs of packets to be
   reencapsulated belong to said ISP.  Otherwise the participating ISPs
   must register prefixes they do not own in the above mentioned private
   mapping system.  Failure to follow these recommendations may lead to
   operational and security issues when deploying this scenario.

   Besides these recommendations, the main disadvantages of this
   deployment case are:

   o  Extra LISP header is needed.  This increases the packet size and
      requires that the MTU between both ISPs accommodates double-
      encapsulated packets.

   o  The ISP ITR must encapsulate packets and therefore must know the
      RLOC-to-RLOC binding.  These bindings are stored in a mapping
      database and may be cached in the ITR's mapping cache.  Cache
      misses lead to an additional lookup latency, unless a push based
      mapping system is used for the private mapping system.

   o  The operational overhead of maintaining the shared mapping
      database.

   o  If an IPv6 address block is reserved for EID use, as specified in
      [I-D.ietf-lisp-eid-block], the EID-to-RLOC encapsulation (first
      level) can avoid LISP processing altogether for non-LISP
      destinations.  The ISP tunnel routers however will not be able to
      take advantage of this optimization, all RLOC-to-RLOC mappings
      need a lookup in the private database (or map-cache, once results
      are cached).

2.5.  Tunnel Routers Behind NAT

   NAT in this section refers to IPv4 network address and port
   translation.

2.5.1.  ITR

   Packets encapsulated by an ITR are just UDP packets from a NAT
   device's point of view, and they are handled like any UDP packet,
   there are no additional requirements for LISP data packets.

   Map-Requests sent by an ITR, which create the state in the NAT table,
   have a different 5-tuple in the IP header than the Map-Reply
   generated by the authoritative ETR.  Since the source address of this
   packet is different from the destination address of the request
   packet, no state will be matched in the NAT table and the packet will
   be dropped.  To avoid this, the NAT device has to do the following:

   o  Send all UDP packets with source port 4342, regardless of the
      destination port, to the RLOC of the ITR.  The most simple way to
      achieve this is configuring 1:1 NAT mode from the external RLOC of
      the NAT device to the ITR's RLOC (Called "DMZ" mode in consumer
      broadband routers).

   o  Rewrite the ITR-AFI and "Originating ITR RLOC Address" fields in
      the payload.

   This setup supports <strong><font color='green' >only</font></strong> a single ITR behind the NAT device.

2.5.2.  ETR

   An ETR placed behind NAT is reachable from the outside by the
   Internet-facing locator of the NAT device.  It needs to know this
   locator (and configure a loopback interface with it), so that it can
   use it in Map-Reply and Map-Register messages.  Thus support for
   dynamic locators for the mapping database is needed in LISP
   equipment.

   Again, only one ETR behind the NAT device is supported.

   An implication of the issues described above is that LISP sites with
   xTRs can not be behind carrier based NATs, since two different sites
   would collide on the port forwarding.

2.6.  Summary and Feature Matrix

       Feature                         CE    PE    Split   <strike><font color='red' >Rec.
          --------------------------------------------------------</font></strike>   <strong><font color='green' >Recursive
       -------------------------------------------------------------</font></strong>
       Control of ingress TE            x     -      x         x
       No modifications to existing
          int. network infrastructure   x     x      -         -
       Loc-Status-Bits sync             x     -      x         x
       MTU/PMTUD issues minimized       -     x      -         x

3.  <strike><font color='red' >Map-Resolvers</font></strike>  <strong><font color='green' >Map Resolvers</font></strong> and <strike><font color='red' >Map-Servers</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Servers</font></strong>

3.1.  <strike><font color='red' >Map-Servers</font></strike>  <strong><font color='green' >Map Servers</font></strong>

   The <strike><font color='red' >Map-Server</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Server</font></strong> learns EID-to-RLOC mapping entries from an
   authoritative source and publishes them in the distributed mapping
   database.  These entries are learned through authenticated Map-
   Register messages sent by authoritative ETRs.  Also, upon reception
   of a Map-Request, the <strike><font color='red' >Map-Server</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Server</font></strong> verifies that the destination EID
   matches an EID-prefix for which it is authoritative for, and then re-
   encapsulates and forwards it to a matching ETR.  <strike><font color='red' >Map-Server</font></strike>  <strong><font color='green' >Map Server</font></strong>
   functionality is described in detail in <strike><font color='red' >[I-D.ietf-lisp-ms].</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >[RFC6833].</font></strong>

   The <strike><font color='red' >Map-Server</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Server</font></strong> is provided by a Mapping Service Provider (MSP).  <strike><font color='red' >A</font></strike>  <strong><font color='green' >The</font></strong>
   MSP <strike><font color='red' >can be any of the following:

   o  EID registrar.  Since</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >participates in</font></strong> the <strike><font color='red' >IPv4 address space is nearing
      exhaustion, IPv4 EIDs will come from already allocated Provider
      Independent (PI) space.  The registrars in this case remain the
      current five Regional Internet Registries (RIRs).  In the case of
      IPv6, the possibility of reserving a /16 block as EID space is
      currently under consideration [I-D.ietf-lisp-eid-block].  If
      granted</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >global distributed mapping database
   infrastructure,</font></strong> by <strike><font color='red' >IANA, the community will have</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >setting up connections</font></strong> to <strike><font color='red' >determine the body
      responsible for allocations from this block, and the associated
      policies.  Existing allocation policies apply</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >other participants,
   according</font></strong> to <strike><font color='red' >EIDs outside this
      block.

   o  Third parties.  Participating in</font></strike> the <strike><font color='red' >LISP</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >specific</font></strong> mapping system <strong><font color='green' >that</font></strong> is
      <strike><font color='red' >similar to participating</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >employed (e.g., ALT,
   DDT).  Participation</font></strong> in <strike><font color='red' >global routing or DNS: as long as
      there is at least another already participating entity willing to
      forward</font></strike> the <strike><font color='red' >newcomer's traffic, there is no barrier to entry.
      Still, just like routing</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >mapping database,</font></strong> and <strike><font color='red' >DNS, LISP mappings have</font></strike> the <strike><font color='red' >issue</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >storing</font></strong> of
      <strike><font color='red' >trust, with efforts underway</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >EID-
   to-RLOC mapping data is subject</font></strong> to <strike><font color='red' >make</font></strike> the <strike><font color='red' >published information
      verifiable.  When these mechanisms will be deployed in</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >policies of</font></strong> the <strike><font color='red' >LISP
      mapping system,</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >"root"
   operators, who SHOULD check ownership rights for</font></strong> the <strike><font color='red' >burden of providing and verifying trust should
      be kept away from MSPs, which will simply host</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >EID prefixes
   stored in</font></strong> the <strike><font color='red' >secured
      mappings.  This will keep</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >database by participants.  These policies are out of</font></strong>
   the <strike><font color='red' >low barrier</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >scope</font></strong> of <strike><font color='red' >entry to become an
      MSP for third parties.</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >this document.</font></strong>

   In all cases, the MSP configures its <strike><font color='red' >Map-Server(s)</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Server(s)</font></strong> to publish the
   prefixes of its clients in the distributed mapping database and start
   encapsulating and forwarding Map-Requests to the ETRs of the AS.
   These ETRs register their prefix(es) with the <strike><font color='red' >Map-Server(s)</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Server(s)</font></strong> through
   periodic authenticated Map-Register messages.  In this context, for
   some LISP end sites, there is a need for mechanisms to:

   o  Automatically distribute EID prefix(es) shared keys between the
      ETRs and the EID-registrar <strike><font color='red' >Map-Server.</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Server.</font></strong>

   o  Dynamically obtain the address of the <strike><font color='red' >Map-Server</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Server</font></strong> in the ETR of the
      AS.

   The <strike><font color='red' >Map-Server</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Server</font></strong> plays a key role in the reachability of the EID-
   prefixes it is serving.  On the one hand it is publishing these
   prefixes into the distributed mapping database and on the other hand
   it is encapsulating and forwarding Map-Requests to the authoritative
   ETRs of these prefixes.  ITRs encapsulating towards EIDs under the
   responsibility of a failed <strike><font color='red' >Map-Server</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Server</font></strong> will be unable to look up any
   of their covering prefixes.  The only exception are the ITRs that
   already contain the mappings in their local cache.  In this case ITRs
   can reach ETRs until the entry expires (typically 24 hours).  For
   this reason, redundant <strike><font color='red' >Map-Server</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Server</font></strong> deployments are desirable.  A set
   of <strike><font color='red' >Map-Servers</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Servers</font></strong> providing high-availability service to the same set of
   prefixes is called a redundancy group.  ETRs are configured to send
   Map-Register messages to all <strike><font color='red' >Map-Servers</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Servers</font></strong> in the redundancy group.  To
   achieve fail-over (or load-balancing, if desired), known mapping
   system specific best practices should be used.

   Additionally, if a <strike><font color='red' >Map-Server</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Server</font></strong> has no reachability for any ETR serving
   a given EID block, it should not originate that block into the
   mapping system.

3.2.  <strike><font color='red' >Map-Resolvers</font></strike>  <strong><font color='green' >Map Resolvers</font></strong>

   A <strike><font color='red' >Map-Resolver</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Resolver</font></strong> a is a network infrastructure component which accepts
   LISP encapsulated Map-Requests, typically from an ITR, and finds the
   appropriate EID-to-RLOC mapping by either consulting its local cache
   or by consulting the distributed mapping database.  <strike><font color='red' >Map-Resolver</font></strike>  <strong><font color='green' >Map Resolver</font></strong>
   functionality is described in detail in <strike><font color='red' >[I-D.ietf-lisp-ms].</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >[RFC6833].</font></strong>

   Anyone with access to the distributed mapping database can set up a
   <strike><font color='red' >Map-Resolver</font></strike>
   <strong><font color='green' >Map Resolver</font></strong> and provide EID-to-RLOC mapping lookup service.
   Database access setup is mapping system specific.

   For performance reasons, it is recommended that LISP sites use <strike><font color='red' >Map-</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map</font></strong>
   Resolvers that are topologically close to their ITRs.  ISPs
   supporting LISP will provide this service to their customers,
   possibly restricting access to their user base.  LISP sites not in
   this position can use open access <strike><font color='red' >Map-Resolvers,</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Resolvers,</font></strong> if available.
   However, regardless of the availability of open access resolvers, the
   MSP providing the <strike><font color='red' >Map-Server(s)</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Server(s)</font></strong> for a LISP site should also make
   available <strike><font color='red' >Map-Resolver(s)</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Resolver(s)</font></strong> for the use of that site.

   In medium to large-size ASes, ITRs must be configured with the RLOC
   of a <strike><font color='red' >Map-Resolver,</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Resolver,</font></strong> operation which can be done manually.  However, in
   Small Office Home Office (SOHO) scenarios a mechanism for
   autoconfiguration should be provided.

   One solution to avoid manual configuration in LISP sites of any size
   is the use of anycast RLOCs for <strike><font color='red' >Map-Resolvers</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Resolvers</font></strong> similar to the DNS root
   server infrastructure.  Since LISP uses UDP encapsulation, the use of
   anycast would not affect reliability.  LISP routers are then shipped
   with a preconfigured list of well know <strike><font color='red' >Map-Resolver</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Resolver</font></strong> RLOCs, which can
   be edited by the network administrator, if needed.

   The use of anycast also helps improving mapping lookup performance.
   Large MSPs can increase the number and geographical diversity of
   their <strike><font color='red' >Map-Resolver</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Resolver</font></strong> infrastructure, using a single anycasted RLOC.
   Once LISP deployment is advanced enough, very large content providers
   may also be interested running this kind of setup, to ensure minimal
   connection setup latency for those connecting to their network from
   LISP sites.

   While <strike><font color='red' >Map-Servers</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Servers</font></strong> and <strike><font color='red' >Map-Resolvers</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Resolvers</font></strong> implement different
   functionalities within the LISP mapping system, they can coexist on
   the same device.  For example, MSPs offering both services, can
   deploy a single <strike><font color='red' >Map-Resolver/Map-Server</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Resolver/Map Server</font></strong> in each PoP where they have a
   presence.

4.  Proxy Tunnel Routers

4.1.  P-ITR

   Proxy Ingress Tunnel Routers (P-ITRs) are part of the non-LISP/LISP
   transition mechanism, allowing non-LISP sites to reach LISP sites.
   They announce via BGP certain EID prefixes (aggregated, whenever
   possible) to attract traffic from non-LISP sites towards EIDs in the
   covered range.  They do the mapping system lookup, and encapsulate
   received packets towards the appropriate ETR.  Note that for the
   reverse path LISP sites can reach non-LISP sites simply by not
   encapsulating traffic.  See <strike><font color='red' >[I-D.ietf-lisp-interworking]</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >[RFC6832]</font></strong> for a detailed description of
   P-ITR functionality.

   The success of new protocols depends greatly on their ability to
   maintain backwards compatibility and inter-operate with the
   protocol(s) they intend to enhance or replace, and on the incentives
   to deploy the necessary new software or equipment.  A LISP site needs
   an interworking mechanism to be reachable from non-LISP sites.  A
   P-ITR can fulfill this role, enabling early adopters to see the
   benefits of LISP, similar to tunnel brokers helping the transition
   from IPv4 to IPv6.  A site benefits from new LISP functionality
   (proportionally with existing global LISP deployment) when going
   LISP, so it has the incentives to deploy the necessary tunnel
   routers.  In order to be reachable from non-LISP sites it has two
   options: keep announcing its prefix(es) with BGP, or have a P-ITR
   announce prefix(es) covering them.

   If the goal of reducing the DFZ routing table size is to be reached,
   the second option is preferred.  Moreover, the second option allows
   LISP-based ingress traffic engineering from all sites.  However, the
   placement of P-ITRs significantly influences performance and
   deployment incentives.  Section 5 is dedicated to the migration to a
   LISP-enabled Internet, and includes deployment scenarios for P-ITRs.

4.2.  P-ETR

   In contrast to P-ITRs, P-ETRs are not required for the correct
   functioning of all LISP sites.  There are two cases, where they can
   be of great help:

   o  LISP sites with unicast reverse path forwarding (uRPF)
      restrictions, and

   o  Communication between sites using different address family RLOCs.

   In the first case, uRPF filtering is applied at their upstream PE
   router.  When forwarding traffic to non-LISP sites, an ITR does not
   encapsulate packets, leaving the original IP headers intact.  As a
   result, packets will have EIDs in their source address.  Since we are
   discussing the transition period, we can assume that a prefix
   covering the EIDs belonging to the LISP site is advertised to the
   global routing tables by a P-ITR, and the PE router has a route
   towards it.  However, the next hop will not be on the interface
   towards the CE router, so non-encapsulated packets will fail uRPF
   checks.

   To avoid this filtering, the affected ITR encapsulates packets
   towards the locator of the P-ETR for non-LISP destinations.  Now the
   source address of the packets, as seen by the PE router is the ITR's
   locator, which will not fail the uRPF check.  The P-ETR then
   decapsulates and forwards the packets.

   The second use case is IPv4-to-IPv6 transition.  Service providers
   using older access network hardware, which only supports IPv4 can
   still offer IPv6 to their clients, by providing a CPE device running
   LISP, and P-ETR(s) for accessing IPv6-only non-LISP sites and LISP
   sites, with IPv6-only locators.  Packets originating from the client
   LISP site for these destinations would be encapsulated towards the
   P-ETR's IPv4 locator.  The P-ETR is in a native IPv6 network,
   decapsulating and forwarding packets.  For non-LISP destination, the
   packet travels natively from the P-ETR.  For LISP destinations with
   IPv6-only locators, the packet will go through a P-ITR, in order to
   reach its destination.

   For more details on P-ETRs see the <strike><font color='red' >[I-D.ietf-lisp-interworking]</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >[RFC6832]</font></strong> draft.

   P-ETRs can be deployed by ISPs wishing to offer value-added services
   to their customers.  As is the case with P-ITRs, P-ETRs too may
   introduce path stretch.  Because of this the ISP needs to consider
   the tradeoff of using several devices, close to the customers, to
   minimize it, or few devices, farther away from the customers,
   minimizing cost instead.

   Since the deployment incentives for P-ITRs and P-ETRs are different,
   it is likely they will be deployed in separate devices, except for
   the CDN case, which may deploy both in a single device.

   In all cases, the existence of a P-ETR involves another step in the
   configuration of a LISP router.  CPE routers, which are typically
   configured by DHCP, stand to benefit most from P-ETRs.
   Autoconfiguration of the P-ETR locator could be achieved by a DHCP
   option, or adding a P-ETR field to either Map-Notifys or Map-Replies.

   <strike><font color='red' >As a security measure, access to P-ETRs should be limited to
   legitimate users by enforcing ACLs.</font></strike>

5.  Migration to LISP

   This section discusses a deployment architecture to support the
   migration to a LISP-enabled Internet.  The loosely defined terms of
   "early transition phase", "late transition phase", and "LISP Internet
   phase" refer to time periods when LISP sites are a minority, a
   majority, or represent all edge networks respectively.

5.1.  LISP+BGP

   For sites wishing to go LISP with their PI prefix the least
   disruptive way is to upgrade their border routers to support LISP,
   register the prefix into the LISP mapping system, but keep announcing
   it with BGP as well.  This way LISP sites will reach them over LISP,
   while legacy sites will be unaffected by the change.  The main
   disadvantage of this approach is that no decrease in the DFZ routing
   table size is achieved.  Still, just increasing the number of LISP
   sites is an important gain, as an increasing LISP/non-LISP site ratio
   will slowly decrease the need for BGP-based traffic engineering that
   leads to prefix deaggregation.  That, in turn, may lead to a decrease
   in the DFZ size <strong><font color='green' >and churn</font></strong> in the late transition phase.

   This scenario is not limited to sites that already have their
   prefixes announced with BGP.  Newly allocated EID blocks could follow
   this strategy as well during the early LISP deployment phase,
   depending on the cost/benefit analysis of the individual networks.
   Since this leads to an increase in the DFZ size, the following
   architecture should be preferred for new allocations.

5.2.  Mapping Service Provider (MSP) P-ITR Service

   In addition to publishing their clients' registered prefixes in the
   mapping system, MSPs with enough transit capacity can offer them
   P-ITR service as a separate service.  This service is especially
   useful for new PI allocations, to sites without existing BGP
   infrastructure, that wish to avoid BGP altogether.  The MSP announces
   the prefix into the DFZ, and the client benefits from ingress traffic
   engineering without prefix deaggregation.  The downside of this
   scenario is adding path stretch.

   Routing all non-LISP ingress traffic through a third party which is
   not one of its ISPs is only feasible for sites with modest amounts of
   traffic (like those using the IPv6 tunnel broker services today),
   especially in the first stage of the transition to LISP, with a
   significant number of legacy sites.  <strong><font color='green' >This is because the handling of
   said traffic is likely to result in additional costs, which would be
   passed down to the client.</font></strong>  When the LISP/non-LISP site ratio becomes
   high enough, this approach can prove increasingly attractive.

   Compared to LISP+BGP, this approach avoids DFZ bloat caused by prefix
   deaggregation for traffic engineering purposes, resulting in slower
   routing table increase in the case of new allocations and potential
   decrease for existing ones.  Moreover, MSPs serving different clients
   with adjacent <strike><font color='red' >aggregable</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >aggregatable</font></strong> prefixes may lead to additional decrease,
   but quantifying this decrease is subject to future research study.

5.3.  Proxy-ITR Route Distribution (PITR-RD)

   Instead of a LISP site, or the MSP, announcing their EIDs with BGP to
   the DFZ, this function can be outsourced to a third party, a P-ITR
   Service Provider (PSP).  This will result in a decrease of the
   operational complexity both at the site and at the MSP.

   The PSP manages a set of distributed P-ITR(s) that will advertise the
   corresponding EID prefixes through BGP to the DFZ.  These P-ITR(s)
   will then encapsulate the traffic they receive for those EIDs towards
   the RLOCs of the LISP site, ensuring their reachability from non-LISP
   sites.  <strong><font color='green' >Note that handling non-LISP-originated traffic may incur
   additional costs for the PSP, which may be passed down to the client.</font></strong>

   While it is possible for a PSP to manually configure each client's
   EID routes to be announced, this approach offers little flexibility
   and is not scalable.  This section presents a scalable architecture
   that offers automatic distribution of EID routes to LISP sites and
   service providers.

   The architecture requires no modification to existing LISP network
   elements, but it introduces a new (conceptual) network element, the
   EID Route Server, defined as a router that either propagates routes
   learned from other EID Route Servers, or it originates EID Routes.
   The EID-Routes that it originates are those that it is authoritative
   for.  It propagates these routes to Proxy-ITRs within the AS of the
   EID Route Server.  It is worth to note that a BGP capable router can
   be also considered as an EID Route Server.

   Further, an EID-Route is defined as a prefix originated via the Route
   Server of the mapping service provider, which should be aggregated if
   the MSP has multiple customers inside a single <strike><font color='red' >netblock.</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >large continuous
   prefix.</font></strong>  This prefix is propagated to other P-ITRs both within the
   MSP and to other P-ITR operators it peers with.  EID Route Servers
   are operated either by the LISP site, MSPs or PSPs, and they may be
   collocated with a <strike><font color='red' >Map-</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map</font></strong> Server or P-ITR, but are a functionally
   discrete entity.  They distribute EID-Routes, using BGP, to other
   domains, according to policies set by participants.

                              MSP (AS64500)
                              RS ---&gt; P-ITR
                               |        /
                               |  _.--./
                              ,-''    /`--.
             LISP site   ---,' |     v     `.
                           (   |   DFZ       )----- Mapping system
         non-LISP site   ----. |    ^      ,'
                              `--. /   _.-'
                               |  `--''
                               v /
                             P-ITR
                             PSP (AS64501)

            Figure 5: The P-ITR Route Distribution architecture

   The architecture described above decouples EID origination from route
   propagation, with the following benefits:

   o  Can accurately represent business relationships between P-ITR
      operators

   o  More mapping system agnostic

   o  Minor changes to P-ITR implementation, no changes to other
      components

   In the example in the figure we have a MSP providing services to the
   LISP site.  The LISP site does not run BGP, and gets an EID
   allocation directly from a RIR, or from the MSP, who may be a LIR.
   Existing PI allocations can be migrated as well.  The MSP ensures the
   presence of the prefix in the mapping system, and runs an EID Route
   Server to distribute it to P-ITR service providers.  Since the LISP
   site does not run BGP, the prefix will be originated with the AS
   number of the MSP.

   In the simple case depicted in Figure 5 the EID-Route of LISP Site
   will be originated by the Route Server, and announced to the DFZ by
   the PSP's P-ITRs with AS path 64501 64500.  From that point on, the
   usual BGP dynamics apply.  This way, routes announced by P-ITR are
   still originated by the authoritative Route Server.  Note that the
   peering relationships between MSP/PSPs and those in the underlying
   forwarding plane may not be congruent, making the AS path to a P-ITR
   shorter than it is in reality.

   The non-LISP site will select the best path towards the EID-prefix,
   according to its local BGP policies.  Since AS-path length is usually
   an important metric for selecting paths, a careful placement of P-ITR
   could significantly reduce path-stretch between LISP and non-LISP
   sites.

   The architecture allows for flexible policies between MSP/PSPs.
   Consider the EID Route Server networks as control plane overlays,
   facilitating the implementation of policies necessary to reflect the
   business relationships between participants.  The results are then
   injected to the common underlying forwarding plane.  For example,
   some MSP/PSPs may agree to exchange EID-Prefixes and only announce
   them to each of their forwarding plane customers.  Global
   reachability of an EID-prefix depends on the MSP the LISP site buys
   service from, and is also subject to agreement between the mentioned
   parties.

   In terms of impact on the DFZ, this architecture results in a slower
   routing table increase for new allocations, since traffic engineering
   will be done at the LISP level.  For existing allocations migrating
   to LISP, the DFZ may decrease since MSPs may be able to aggregate the
   prefixes announced.

   Compared to LISP+BGP, this approach avoids DFZ bloat caused by prefix
   deaggregation for traffic engineering purposes, resulting in slower
   routing table increase in the case of new allocations and potential
   decrease for existing ones.  Moreover, MSPs serving different clients
   with adjacent <strike><font color='red' >aggregable</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >aggregatable</font></strong> prefixes may lead to additional decrease,
   but quantifying this decrease is subject to future research study.

   The flexibility and scalability of this architecture does not come
   without a cost however: A PSP operator has to establish either
   transit or peering relationships to improve their connectivity.

5.4.  Migration Summary

   The following table presents the expected effects of the different
   transition scenarios during a certain phase on the DFZ routing table
   size:

    Phase            | LISP+BGP     | MSP P-ITR       | PITR-RD
    -----------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------
    Early transition | no change    | slower increase | slower increase
    Late transition  | may decrease | slower increase | slower increase
    LISP Internet    |             considerable decrease

   It is expected that PITR-RD will co-exist with LISP+BGP during the
   migration, with the latter being more popular in the early transition
   phase.  As the transition progresses and the MSP P-ITR and PITR-RD
   ecosystem gets more ubiquitous, LISP+BGP should become less
   attractive, slowing down the increase of the number of routes in the
   DFZ.

6.  Step-by-Step Example BGP to LISP Migration Procedure

6.1.  Customer Pre-Install and Pre-Turn-up Checklist

   1.  Determine how many current physical service provider connections
       the customer has and their existing bandwidth and traffic
       engineering requirements.

       This information will determine the number of routing locators,
       and the priorities and weights that should be configured on the
       xTRs.

   2.  Make sure customer router has LISP capabilities.

       *  <strike><font color='red' >Obtain output</font></strike>  <strong><font color='green' >Check OS version</font></strong> of <strike><font color='red' >'show version' from</font></strike> the CE router.  <strong><font color='green' >If LISP is an add-on,
          check if it is installed.</font></strong>

          This information can be used to determine if the platform is
          appropriate to support LISP, in order to determine if a
          software and/or hardware upgrade is required.

       *  Have customer upgrade (if necessary, software and/or hardware)
          to be LISP capable.

   3.  Obtain current running configuration of CE router.  A suggested
       LISP router configuration example can be customized to the
       customer's existing environment.

   4.  Verify MTU Handling

       *  Request increase in MTU to <strike><font color='red' >(1556)</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >1556</font></strong> on service provider
          connections.  Prior to MTU change verify that 1500 byte packet
          from P-xTR to RLOC with do not fragment (DF-bit) bit set.

       *  Ensure they are not filtering ICMP unreachable or time-
          exceeded on their firewall or router.

       LISP, like any tunneling protocol, will increase the size of
       packets when the LISP header is appended.  If increasing the MTU
       of the access links is not possible, care must be taken that ICMP
       is not being filtered in order to allow for Path MTU Discovery to
       take place.

   5.  Validate member prefix allocation.

       This step is to check if the prefix used by the customer is a
       direct (Provider Independent), or if it is a prefix assigned by a
       physical service provider (Provider <strike><font color='red' >Allocated).</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Aggregatable).</font></strong>  If the
       prefixes are assigned by other service provivers then a Letter of
       Agreement is required to announce prefixes through the Proxy
       Service Provider.

   6.  Verify the member RLOCs and their reachability.

       This step ensures that the RLOCs configured on the CE router are
       in fact reachable and working.

   7.  Prepare for cut-over.

       *  If possible, have a host outside of all security and filtering
          policies connected to the console port of the edge router or
          switch.

       *  Make sure customer has access to the router in order to
          configure it.

6.2.  Customer Activating LISP Service

   1.  Customer configures LISP on CE router(s) from service provider
       recommended configuration.

       The LISP configuration consists of the EID prefix, the locators,
       and the weights and priorities of the mapping between the two
       values.  In addition, the xTR must be configured with <strike><font color='red' >Map-</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map</font></strong>
       Resolver(s), <strike><font color='red' >Map-Server(s)</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Server(s)</font></strong> and the shared key for registering to
       <strike><font color='red' >Map-Server(s).</font></strike>
       <strong><font color='green' >Map Server(s).</font></strong>  If required, Proxy-ETR(s) may be configured as
       well.

       In addition to the LISP configuration, the following:

       *  Ensure default route(s) to next-hop external neighbors are
          included and RLOCs are present in configuration.

       *  If two or more routers are used, ensure all RLOCs are included
          in the LISP configuration on all routers.

       *  It will be necessary to redistribute default route via IGP
          between the external routers.

   2.  When transition is ready perform a soft shutdown on existing eBGP
       peer session(s)

       *  From CE router, use LIG to ensure registration is successful.

       *  To verify LISP connectivity, ping LISP connected sites.  See
          http://www.lisp4.net/ and/or http://www.lisp6.net/ for
          potential candidates.  <strong><font color='green' >If possible, find ping destinations
          that are not covered by a prefix in the global BGP routing
          system, because PITRs may deliver the packets even if LISP
          connectivity is not working.  Traceroutes may help discover if
          this is the case.</font></strong>

       *  To verify connectivity to non-LISP sites, try accessing <strong><font color='green' >a
          landmark (e.g., a</font></strong> major Internet <strike><font color='red' >sites</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >site)</font></strong> via a web browser.

6.3.  Cut-Over Provider Preparation and Changes

   1.  Verify site configuration and then active registration on <strike><font color='red' >Map-</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map</font></strong>
       Server(s)
       *  Authentication key

       *  EID prefix

   2.  Add EID space to map-cache on proxies

   3.  Add networks to BGP advertisement on proxies

       *  Modify route-maps/policies on P-xTRs

       *  Modify route policies on core routers (if non-connected
          member)

       *  Modify ingress policers on core routers

       *  Ensure route announcement in looking glass servers, RouteViews

   4.  Perform traffic verification test

       *  Ensure MTU handling is as expected (PMTUD working)

       *  Ensure proxy-ITR map-cache population

       *  Ensure access from traceroute/ping servers around Internet

       *  Use a looking glass, to check for external visibility of
          registration via several <strike><font color='red' >Map-Resolvers</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Map Resolvers</font></strong> (e.g.,
          http://lispmon.net/).

7.  Security Considerations

   Security implications of LISP deployments are to be discussed in
   separate documents.  <strike><font color='red' >[I-D.saucez-lisp-security]</font></strike>  <strong><font color='green' >[I-D.ietf-lisp-threats]</font></strong> gives an overview of
   LISP threat models, while securing mapping lookups is discussed in
   [I-D.ietf-lisp-sec].

8.  IANA Considerations

   This memo includes no request to IANA.

9.  Acknowledgements

   Many thanks to Margaret Wasserman for her contribution to the IETF76
   presentation that kickstarted this work.  The authors would also like
   to thank Damien Saucez, Luigi Iannone, Joel Halpern, Vince Fuller,
   Dino Farinacci, Terry Manderson, Noel Chiappa, Hannu Flinck, <strong><font color='green' >Paul
   Vinciguerra</font></strong> and everyone else who provided input.

10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   <strike><font color='red' >[I-D.ietf-lisp]</font></strike>

   <strong><font color='green' >[RFC6830]</font></strong>  Farinacci, D., Fuller, V., Meyer, D., and D. Lewis,
              <strike><font color='red' >"Locator/ID</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >"The
              Locator/ID</font></strong> Separation Protocol (LISP)",
              <strike><font color='red' >draft-ietf-lisp-23 (work in progress), May 2012.

   [I-D.ietf-lisp-interworking]</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >RFC 6830,
              January 2013.

   [RFC6832]</font></strong>  Lewis, D., Meyer, D., Farinacci, D., and V. Fuller,
              "Interworking <strike><font color='red' >LISP with IPv4</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >between Locator/ID Separation Protocol
              (LISP)</font></strong> and <strike><font color='red' >IPv6",
              draft-ietf-lisp-interworking-06 (work in progress),
              March 2012.

   [I-D.ietf-lisp-ms]</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Non-LISP Sites", RFC 6832, January 2013.

   [RFC6833]</font></strong>  Fuller, V. and D. Farinacci, <strike><font color='red' >"LISP Map Server</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >"Locator/ID Separation
              Protocol (LISP) Map-Server</font></strong> Interface",
              <strike><font color='red' >draft-ietf-lisp-ms-16 (work in progress), March 2012.</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >RFC 6833,
              January 2013.</font></strong>

10.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-lisp-eid-block]
              Iannone, L., Lewis, D., Meyer, D., and V. Fuller, "LISP
              EID Block", <strike><font color='red' >draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-02</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03</font></strong> (work in
              progress), <strike><font color='red' >April</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >November</font></strong> 2012.

   [I-D.ietf-lisp-sec]
              Maino, F., Ermagan, V., Cabellos-Aparicio, A., Saucez, D.,
              and O. Bonaventure, "LISP-Security (LISP-SEC)",
              draft-ietf-lisp-sec-04 (work in progress), October 2012.

   <strike><font color='red' >[I-D.saucez-lisp-security]</font></strike>

   <strong><font color='green' >[I-D.ietf-lisp-threats]</font></strong>
              Saucez, D., Iannone, L., and O. Bonaventure, "LISP
              <strike><font color='red' >Security Threats", draft-saucez-lisp-security-03</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >Threats
              Analysis", draft-ietf-lisp-threats-03</font></strong> (work in progress), <strike><font color='red' >March 2011.</font></strike>
              <strong><font color='green' >October 2012.

   [RFC4459]  Savola, P., "MTU and Fragmentation Issues with In-the-
              Network Tunneling", RFC 4459, April 2006.

   [RFC6834]  Iannone, L., Saucez, D., and O. Bonaventure, "Locator/ID
              Separation Protocol (LISP) Map-Versioning", RFC 6834,
              January 2013.</font></strong>

   [cache]    Jung, J., Sit, E., Balakrishnan, H., and R. Morris, "DNS
              performance and the effectiveness of caching", 2002.

Authors' Addresses

   Lorand Jakab
   <strike><font color='red' >Technical University of Catalonia
   C/Jordi Girona, s/n
   BARCELONA  08034
   Spain</font></strike>
   <strong><font color='green' >Cisco Systems
   170 Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA</font></strong>

   Email: <strike><font color='red' >ljakab@ac.upc.edu</font></strike> <strong><font color='green' >lojakab@cisco.com</font></strong>

   Albert Cabellos-Aparicio
   Technical University of Catalonia
   C/Jordi Girona, s/n
   BARCELONA  08034
   Spain

   Email: acabello@ac.upc.edu

   Florin Coras
   Technical University of Catalonia
   C/Jordi Girona, s/n
   BARCELONA  08034
   Spain

   Email: fcoras@ac.upc.edu

   Jordi Domingo-Pascual
   Technical University of Catalonia
   C/Jordi Girona, s/n
   BARCELONA  08034
   Spain

   Email: jordi.domingo@ac.upc.edu

   Darrel Lewis
   Cisco Systems
   170 Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: darlewis@cisco.com
</pre>
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Network Working Group                                           L. Jakab
Internet-Draft                                             Cisco Systems
Intended status: Informational                      A. Cabellos-Aparicio
Expires: July 28, 2013                                          F. Coras
                                                      J. Domingo-Pascual
                                                 Technical University of
                                                               Catalonia
                                                                D. Lewis
                                                           Cisco Systems
                                                        January 24, 2013


             LISP Network Element Deployment Considerations
                   draft-ietf-lisp-deployment-06.txt

Abstract

   This document discusses the different scenarios for the deployment of
   the new network elements introduced by the Locator/Identifier
   Separation Protocol (LISP).

Status of this Memo

   This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the
   provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79.

   Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering
   Task Force (IETF).  Note that other groups may also distribute
   working documents as Internet-Drafts.  The list of current Internet-
   Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/.

   Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months
   and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any
   time.  It is inappropriate to use Internet-Drafts as reference
   material or to cite them other than as "work in progress."

   This Internet-Draft will expire on July 28, 2013.

Copyright Notice

   Copyright (c) 2013 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the
   document authors.  All rights reserved.

   This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal
   Provisions Relating to IETF Documents
   (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of
   publication of this document.  Please review these documents
   carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect



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   to this document.  Code Components extracted from this document must
   include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of
   the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as
   described in the Simplified BSD License.


Table of Contents

   1.  Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  3
   2.  Tunnel Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     2.1.  Customer Edge  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  4
     2.2.  Provider Edge  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  5
     2.3.  Split ITR/ETR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .  7
     2.4.  Inter-Service Provider Traffic Engineering . . . . . . . .  8
     2.5.  Tunnel Routers Behind NAT  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
       2.5.1.  ITR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
       2.5.2.  ETR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     2.6.  Summary and Feature Matrix . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
   3.  Map Resolvers and Map Servers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     3.1.  Map Servers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
     3.2.  Map Resolvers  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
   4.  Proxy Tunnel Routers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     4.1.  P-ITR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
     4.2.  P-ETR  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
   5.  Migration to LISP  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     5.1.  LISP+BGP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
     5.2.  Mapping Service Provider (MSP) P-ITR Service . . . . . . . 16
     5.3.  Proxy-ITR Route Distribution (PITR-RD) . . . . . . . . . . 16
     5.4.  Migration Summary  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
   6.  Step-by-Step Example BGP to LISP Migration Procedure . . . . . 19
     6.1.  Customer Pre-Install and Pre-Turn-up Checklist . . . . . . 19
     6.2.  Customer Activating LISP Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
     6.3.  Cut-Over Provider Preparation and Changes  . . . . . . . . 21
   7.  Security Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   8.  IANA Considerations  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   9.  Acknowledgements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
   10. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     10.1. Normative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
     10.2. Informative References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
   Authors' Addresses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24











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1.  Introduction

   The Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol (LISP) addresses the
   scaling issues of the global Internet routing system by separating
   the current addressing scheme into Endpoint IDentifiers (EIDs) and
   Routing LOCators (RLOCs).  The main protocol specification [RFC6830]
   describes how the separation is achieved, which new network elements
   are introduced, and details the packet formats for the data and
   control planes.

   LISP assumes that such separation is between the edge and core and
   uses a map-and-encap scheme for forwarding.  While the boundary
   between both is not strictly defined, one widely accepted definition
   places it at the border routers of stub autonomous systems, which may
   carry a partial or complete default-free zone (DFZ) routing table.
   The initial design of LISP took this location as a baseline for
   protocol development.  However, the applications of LISP go beyond of
   just decreasing the size of the DFZ routing table, and include
   improved multihoming and ingress traffic engineering (TE) support for
   edge networks, and even individual hosts.  Throughout the draft we
   will use the term LISP site to refer to these networks/hosts behind a
   LISP Tunnel Router.  We formally define it as:

   LISP site:  A single host or a set of network elements in an edge
      network under the administrative control of a single organization,
      delimited from other networks by LISP Tunnel Router(s).

   Network element:  Active or passive device that is connected
      connected to other active or passive devices for transporting
      packet switched data.

   Since LISP is a protocol which can be used for different purposes, it
   is important to identify possible deployment scenarios and the
   additional requirements they may impose on the protocol specification
   and other protocols.  Additionally, this document is intended as a
   guide for the operational community for LISP deployments in their
   networks.  It is expected to evolve as LISP deployment progresses,
   and the described scenarios are better understood or new scenarios
   are discovered.

   Each subsection considers an element type, discussing the impact of
   deployment scenarios on the protocol specification.  For definition
   of terms, please refer to the appropriate documents (as cited in the
   respective sections).







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2.  Tunnel Routers

   The device that is the gateway between the edge and the core is
   called Tunnel Router (xTR), performing one or both of two separate
   functions:

   1.  Encapsulating packets originating from an end host to be
       transported over intermediary (transit) networks towards the
       other end-point of the communication

   2.  Decapsulating packets entering from intermediary (transit)
       networks, originated at a remote end host.

   The first function is performed by an Ingress Tunnel Router (ITR),
   the second by an Egress Tunnel Router (ETR).

   Section 8 of the main LISP specification [RFC6830] has a short
   discussion of where Tunnel Routers can be deployed and some of the
   associated advantages and disadvantages.  This section adds more
   detail to the scenarios presented there, and provides additional
   scenarios as well.

2.1.  Customer Edge

   The first scenario we discuss is customer edge, when xTR
   functionality is placed on the router(s) that connect the LISP site
   to its upstream(s), but are under its control.  As such, this is the
   most common expected scenario for xTRs, and this document considers
   it the reference location, comparing the other scenarios to this one.

                                ISP1    ISP2
                                 |        |
                                 |        |
                               +----+  +----+
                            +--|xTR1|--|xTR2|--+
                            |  +----+  +----+  |
                            |                  |
                            |     LISP site    |
                            +------------------+

                    Figure 1: xTRs at the customer edge

   From the LISP site perspective the main advantage of this type of
   deployment (compared to the one described in the next section) is
   having direct control over its ingress traffic engineering.  This
   makes it easy to set up and maintain active/active, active/backup, or
   more complex TE policies, without involving third parties.




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   Being under the same administrative control, reachability information
   of all ETRs is easier to synchronize, because the necessary control
   traffic can be allowed between the locators of the ETRs.  A correct
   synchronous global view of the reachability status is thus available,
   and the Loc-Status-Bits can be set correctly in the LISP data header
   of outgoing packets.

   By placing the tunnel router at the edge of the site, existing
   internal network configuration does not need to be modified.
   Firewall rules, router configurations and address assignments inside
   the LISP site remain unchanged.  This helps with incremental
   deployment and allows a quick upgrade path to LISP.  For larger sites
   with many external connections, distributed in geographically diverse
   PoPs, and complex internal topology, it may however make more sense
   to both encapsulate and decapsulate as soon as possible, to benefit
   from the information in the IGP to choose the best path (see
   Section 2.3 for a discussion of this scenario).

   Another thing to consider when placing tunnel routers are MTU issues.
   Since encapsulating packets increases overhead, the MTU of the end-
   to-end path may decrease, when encapsulated packets need to travel
   over segments having close to minimum MTU.  Some transit networks are
   known to provide larger MTU than the typical value of 1500 bytes of
   popular access technologies used at end hosts (e.g., IEEE 802.3 and
   802.11).  However, placing the LISP router connecting to such a
   network at the customer edge could possibly bring up MTU issues,
   depending on the link type to the provider as opposed to the
   following scenario.  See [RFC4459] for MTU considerations of
   tunneling protocols.

2.2.  Provider Edge

   The other location at the core-edge boundary for deploying LISP
   routers is at the Internet service provider edge.  The main incentive
   for this case is that the customer does not have to upgrade the CE
   router(s), or change the configuration of any equipment.
   Encapsulation/decapsulation happens in the provider's network, which
   may be able to serve several customers with a single device.  For
   large ISPs with many residential/business customers asking for LISP
   this can lead to important savings, since there is no need to upgrade
   the software (or hardware, if it's the case) at each client's
   location.  Instead, they can upgrade the software (or hardware) on a
   few PE routers serving the customers.  This scenario is depicted in
   Figure 2.







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                  +----------+        +------------------+
                  |   ISP1   |        |       ISP2       |
                  |          |        |                  |
                  |  +----+  |        |  +----+  +----+  |
                  +--|xTR1|--+        +--|xTR2|--|xTR3|--+
                     +----+              +----+  +----+
                        |                  |       |
                        |                  |       |
                        +--<[LISP site]>---+-------+

                          Figure 2: xTR at the PE

   While this approach can make transition easy for customers and may be
   cheaper for providers, the LISP site looses one of the main benefits
   of LISP: ingress traffic engineering.  Since the provider controls
   the ETRs, additional complexity would be needed to allow customers to
   modify their mapping entries.

   The problem is aggravated when the LISP site is multihomed.  Consider
   the scenario in Figure 2: whenever a change to TE policies is
   required, the customer contacts both ISP1 and ISP2 to make the
   necessary changes on the routers (if they provide this possibility).
   It is however unlikely, that both ISPs will apply changes
   simultaneously, which may lead to inconsistent state for the mappings
   of the LISP site.  Since the different upstream ISPs are usually
   competing business entities, the ETRs may even be configured to
   compete, either to attract all the traffic or to get no traffic.  The
   former will happen if the customer pays per volume, the latter if the
   connectivity has a fixed price.  A solution could be to have the
   mappings in the Map Server(s), and have their operator give control
   over the entries to customer, much like in the Domain Name System at
   the time of this writing.

   Additionally, since xTR1, xTR2, and xTR3 are in different
   administrative domains, locator reachability information is unlikely
   to be exchanged among them, making it difficult to set Loc-Status-
   Bits (LSB) correctly on encapsulated packets.  Because of this, and
   due to the security concerns about LSB described in
   [I-D.ietf-lisp-threats] their use is discouraged without verifying
   ETR reachability through the mapping system or other means.  Mapping
   versioning is another alternative [RFC6834].

   Compared to the customer edge scenario, deploying LISP at the
   provider edge might have the advantage of diminishing potential MTU
   issues, because the tunnel router is closer to the core, where links
   typically have higher MTUs than edge network links.





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2.3.  Split ITR/ETR

   In a simple LISP deployment, xTRs are located at the border of the
   LISP site (see Section 2.1).  In this scenario packets are routed
   inside the domain according to the EID.  However, more complex
   networks may want to route packets according to the destination RLOC.
   This would enable them to choose the best egress point.

   The LISP specification separates the ITR and ETR functionality and
   considers that both entities can be deployed in separated network
   equipment.  ITRs can be deployed closer to the host (i.e., access
   routers).  This way packets are encapsulated as soon as possible, and
   packets exit the network through the best egress point in terms of
   BGP policy.  In turn, ETRs can be deployed at the border routers of
   the network, and packets are decapsulated as soon as possible.  Once
   decapsulated, packets are routed based on destination EID, according
   to internal routing policy.

   In the following figure we can see an example.  The Source (S)
   transmits packets using its EID and in this particular case packets
   are encapsulated at ITR_1.  The encapsulated packets are routed
   inside the domain according to the destination RLOC, and can egress
   the network through the best point (i.e., closer to the RLOC's AS).
   On the other hand, inbound packets are received by ETR_1 which
   decapsulates them.  Then packets are routed towards S according to
   the EID, again following the best path.

      +---------------------------------------+
      |                                       |
      |       +-------+                   +-------+         +-------+
      |       | ITR_1 |---------+         | ETR_1 |-RLOC_A--| ISP_A |
      |       +-------+         |         +-------+         +-------+
      |  +-+        |           |             |
      |  |S|        |    IGP    |             |
      |  +-+        |           |             |
      |       +-------+         |         +-------+         +-------+
      |       | ITR_2 |---------+         | ETR_2 |-RLOC_B--| ISP_B |
      |       +-------+                   +-------+         +-------+
      |                                       |
      +---------------------------------------+

                     Figure 3: Split ITR/ETR Scenario

   This scenario has a set of implications:

   o  The site must carry at least partial BGP routes in order to choose
      the best egress point, increasing the complexity of the network.
      However, this is usually already the case for LISP sites that



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      would benefit from this scenario.

   o  If the site is multihomed to different ISPs and any of the
      upstream ISPs is doing uRPF filtering, this scenario may become
      impractical.  ITRs need to determine the exit ETR, for setting the
      correct source RLOC in the encapsulation header.  This adds
      complexity and reliability concerns.

   o  In LISP, ITRs set the reachability bits when encapsulating data
      packets.  Hence, ITRs need a mechanism to be aware of the liveness
      of all ETRs serving their site.

   o  MTU within the site network must be large enough to accommodate
      encapsulated packets.

   o  In this scenario, each ITR is serving fewer hosts than in the case
      when it is deployed at the border of the network.  It has been
      shown that cache hit ratio grows logarithmically with the amount
      of users [cache].  Taking this into account, when ITRs are
      deployed closer to the host the effectiveness of the mapping cache
      may be lower (i.e., the miss ratio is higher).  Another
      consequence of this is that the site may transmit a higher amount
      of Map-Requests, increasing the load on the distributed mapping
      database.  To lower the impact, the site could use a local caching
      Map Resolver.

   o  By placing the ITRs inside the site, they will still need global
      RLOCs, and this may add complexity to intra-site routing
      configuration, and further intra-site issues when there is a
      change of providers.

2.4.  Inter-Service Provider Traffic Engineering

   With LISP, two LISP sites can route packets among them and control
   their ingress TE policies.  Typically, LISP is seen as applicable to
   stub networks, however the LISP protocol can also be applied to
   transit networks recursively.

   Consider the scenario depicted in Figure 4.  Packets originating from
   the LISP site Stub1, client of ISP_A, with destination Stub4, client
   of ISP_B, are LISP encapsulated at their entry point into the ISP_A's
   network.  The external IP header now has as the source RLOC an IP
   from ISP_A's address space and destination RLOC from ISP_B's address
   space.  One or more ASes separate ISP_A from ISP_B. With a single
   level of LISP encapsulation, Stub4 has control over its ingress
   traffic.  However, at the time of this writing, ISP_B has only BGP
   tools (such as prefix deaggregation) to control on which of his own
   upstream or peering links should packets enter.  This is either not



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   feasible (if fine-grained per-customer control is required, the very
   specific prefixes may not be propagated) or increases DFZ table size.

                                  _.--.
    Stub1 ...   +-------+      ,-''     `--.      +-------+   ... Stub3
             \  |   R_A1|----,'             `. ---|R_B1   |  /
              --|   R_A2|---(     Transit     )   |       |--
    Stub2 .../  |   R_A3|-----.             ,' ---|R_B2   |  \... Stub4
                +-------+      `--.     _.-'      +-------+
          ...     ISP_A            `--''            ISP_B     ...

               Figure 4: Inter-Service provider TE scenario

   A solution for this is to apply LISP recursively.  ISP_A and ISP_B
   may reach a bilateral agreement to deploy their own private mapping
   system.  ISP_A then encapsulates packets destined for the prefixes of
   ISP_B, which are listed in the shared mapping system.  Note that in
   this case the packet is double-encapsulated (using R_A1, R_A2 or R_A3
   as source and R_B1 or R_B2 as destination in the example above).
   ISP_B's ETR removes the outer, second layer of LISP encapsulation
   from the incoming packet, and routes it towards the original RLOC,
   the ETR of Stub4, which does the final decapsulation.

   If ISP_A and ISP_B agree to share a private distributed mapping
   database, both can control their ingress TE without the need of
   deaggregating prefixes.  In this scenario the private database
   contains RLOC-to-RLOC bindings.  The convergence time on the TE
   policies updates is expected to be fast, since ISPs only have to
   update/query a mapping to/from the database.

   This deployment scenario includes two important caveats.  First, it
   is intended to be deployed between only two ISPs (ISP_A and ISP_B in
   Figure 4).  If more than two ISPs use this approach, then the xTRs
   deployed at the participating ISPs must either query multiple mapping
   systems, or the ISPs must agree on a common shared mapping system.
   Second, the scenario is only recommended for ISPs providing
   connectivity to LISP sites, such that source RLOCs of packets to be
   reencapsulated belong to said ISP.  Otherwise the participating ISPs
   must register prefixes they do not own in the above mentioned private
   mapping system.  Failure to follow these recommendations may lead to
   operational and security issues when deploying this scenario.

   Besides these recommendations, the main disadvantages of this
   deployment case are:

   o  Extra LISP header is needed.  This increases the packet size and
      requires that the MTU between both ISPs accommodates double-
      encapsulated packets.



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   o  The ISP ITR must encapsulate packets and therefore must know the
      RLOC-to-RLOC binding.  These bindings are stored in a mapping
      database and may be cached in the ITR's mapping cache.  Cache
      misses lead to an additional lookup latency, unless a push based
      mapping system is used for the private mapping system.

   o  The operational overhead of maintaining the shared mapping
      database.

   o  If an IPv6 address block is reserved for EID use, as specified in
      [I-D.ietf-lisp-eid-block], the EID-to-RLOC encapsulation (first
      level) can avoid LISP processing altogether for non-LISP
      destinations.  The ISP tunnel routers however will not be able to
      take advantage of this optimization, all RLOC-to-RLOC mappings
      need a lookup in the private database (or map-cache, once results
      are cached).

2.5.  Tunnel Routers Behind NAT

   NAT in this section refers to IPv4 network address and port
   translation.

2.5.1.  ITR

   Packets encapsulated by an ITR are just UDP packets from a NAT
   device's point of view, and they are handled like any UDP packet,
   there are no additional requirements for LISP data packets.

   Map-Requests sent by an ITR, which create the state in the NAT table,
   have a different 5-tuple in the IP header than the Map-Reply
   generated by the authoritative ETR.  Since the source address of this
   packet is different from the destination address of the request
   packet, no state will be matched in the NAT table and the packet will
   be dropped.  To avoid this, the NAT device has to do the following:

   o  Send all UDP packets with source port 4342, regardless of the
      destination port, to the RLOC of the ITR.  The most simple way to
      achieve this is configuring 1:1 NAT mode from the external RLOC of
      the NAT device to the ITR's RLOC (Called "DMZ" mode in consumer
      broadband routers).

   o  Rewrite the ITR-AFI and "Originating ITR RLOC Address" fields in
      the payload.

   This setup supports only a single ITR behind the NAT device.






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2.5.2.  ETR

   An ETR placed behind NAT is reachable from the outside by the
   Internet-facing locator of the NAT device.  It needs to know this
   locator (and configure a loopback interface with it), so that it can
   use it in Map-Reply and Map-Register messages.  Thus support for
   dynamic locators for the mapping database is needed in LISP
   equipment.

   Again, only one ETR behind the NAT device is supported.

   An implication of the issues described above is that LISP sites with
   xTRs can not be behind carrier based NATs, since two different sites
   would collide on the port forwarding.

2.6.  Summary and Feature Matrix

       Feature                         CE    PE    Split   Recursive
       -------------------------------------------------------------
       Control of ingress TE            x     -      x         x
       No modifications to existing
          int. network infrastructure   x     x      -         -
       Loc-Status-Bits sync             x     -      x         x
       MTU/PMTUD issues minimized       -     x      -         x


3.  Map Resolvers and Map Servers

3.1.  Map Servers

   The Map Server learns EID-to-RLOC mapping entries from an
   authoritative source and publishes them in the distributed mapping
   database.  These entries are learned through authenticated Map-
   Register messages sent by authoritative ETRs.  Also, upon reception
   of a Map-Request, the Map Server verifies that the destination EID
   matches an EID-prefix for which it is authoritative for, and then re-
   encapsulates and forwards it to a matching ETR.  Map Server
   functionality is described in detail in [RFC6833].

   The Map Server is provided by a Mapping Service Provider (MSP).  The
   MSP participates in the global distributed mapping database
   infrastructure, by setting up connections to other participants,
   according to the specific mapping system that is employed (e.g., ALT,
   DDT).  Participation in the mapping database, and the storing of EID-
   to-RLOC mapping data is subject to the policies of the "root"
   operators, who SHOULD check ownership rights for the EID prefixes
   stored in the database by participants.  These policies are out of
   the scope of this document.



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   In all cases, the MSP configures its Map Server(s) to publish the
   prefixes of its clients in the distributed mapping database and start
   encapsulating and forwarding Map-Requests to the ETRs of the AS.
   These ETRs register their prefix(es) with the Map Server(s) through
   periodic authenticated Map-Register messages.  In this context, for
   some LISP end sites, there is a need for mechanisms to:

   o  Automatically distribute EID prefix(es) shared keys between the
      ETRs and the EID-registrar Map Server.

   o  Dynamically obtain the address of the Map Server in the ETR of the
      AS.

   The Map Server plays a key role in the reachability of the EID-
   prefixes it is serving.  On the one hand it is publishing these
   prefixes into the distributed mapping database and on the other hand
   it is encapsulating and forwarding Map-Requests to the authoritative
   ETRs of these prefixes.  ITRs encapsulating towards EIDs under the
   responsibility of a failed Map Server will be unable to look up any
   of their covering prefixes.  The only exception are the ITRs that
   already contain the mappings in their local cache.  In this case ITRs
   can reach ETRs until the entry expires (typically 24 hours).  For
   this reason, redundant Map Server deployments are desirable.  A set
   of Map Servers providing high-availability service to the same set of
   prefixes is called a redundancy group.  ETRs are configured to send
   Map-Register messages to all Map Servers in the redundancy group.  To
   achieve fail-over (or load-balancing, if desired), known mapping
   system specific best practices should be used.

   Additionally, if a Map Server has no reachability for any ETR serving
   a given EID block, it should not originate that block into the
   mapping system.

3.2.  Map Resolvers

   A Map Resolver a is a network infrastructure component which accepts
   LISP encapsulated Map-Requests, typically from an ITR, and finds the
   appropriate EID-to-RLOC mapping by either consulting its local cache
   or by consulting the distributed mapping database.  Map Resolver
   functionality is described in detail in [RFC6833].

   Anyone with access to the distributed mapping database can set up a
   Map Resolver and provide EID-to-RLOC mapping lookup service.
   Database access setup is mapping system specific.

   For performance reasons, it is recommended that LISP sites use Map
   Resolvers that are topologically close to their ITRs.  ISPs
   supporting LISP will provide this service to their customers,



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   possibly restricting access to their user base.  LISP sites not in
   this position can use open access Map Resolvers, if available.
   However, regardless of the availability of open access resolvers, the
   MSP providing the Map Server(s) for a LISP site should also make
   available Map Resolver(s) for the use of that site.

   In medium to large-size ASes, ITRs must be configured with the RLOC
   of a Map Resolver, operation which can be done manually.  However, in
   Small Office Home Office (SOHO) scenarios a mechanism for
   autoconfiguration should be provided.

   One solution to avoid manual configuration in LISP sites of any size
   is the use of anycast RLOCs for Map Resolvers similar to the DNS root
   server infrastructure.  Since LISP uses UDP encapsulation, the use of
   anycast would not affect reliability.  LISP routers are then shipped
   with a preconfigured list of well know Map Resolver RLOCs, which can
   be edited by the network administrator, if needed.

   The use of anycast also helps improving mapping lookup performance.
   Large MSPs can increase the number and geographical diversity of
   their Map Resolver infrastructure, using a single anycasted RLOC.
   Once LISP deployment is advanced enough, very large content providers
   may also be interested running this kind of setup, to ensure minimal
   connection setup latency for those connecting to their network from
   LISP sites.

   While Map Servers and Map Resolvers implement different
   functionalities within the LISP mapping system, they can coexist on
   the same device.  For example, MSPs offering both services, can
   deploy a single Map Resolver/Map Server in each PoP where they have a
   presence.


4.  Proxy Tunnel Routers

4.1.  P-ITR

   Proxy Ingress Tunnel Routers (P-ITRs) are part of the non-LISP/LISP
   transition mechanism, allowing non-LISP sites to reach LISP sites.
   They announce via BGP certain EID prefixes (aggregated, whenever
   possible) to attract traffic from non-LISP sites towards EIDs in the
   covered range.  They do the mapping system lookup, and encapsulate
   received packets towards the appropriate ETR.  Note that for the
   reverse path LISP sites can reach non-LISP sites simply by not
   encapsulating traffic.  See [RFC6832] for a detailed description of
   P-ITR functionality.

   The success of new protocols depends greatly on their ability to



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   maintain backwards compatibility and inter-operate with the
   protocol(s) they intend to enhance or replace, and on the incentives
   to deploy the necessary new software or equipment.  A LISP site needs
   an interworking mechanism to be reachable from non-LISP sites.  A
   P-ITR can fulfill this role, enabling early adopters to see the
   benefits of LISP, similar to tunnel brokers helping the transition
   from IPv4 to IPv6.  A site benefits from new LISP functionality
   (proportionally with existing global LISP deployment) when going
   LISP, so it has the incentives to deploy the necessary tunnel
   routers.  In order to be reachable from non-LISP sites it has two
   options: keep announcing its prefix(es) with BGP, or have a P-ITR
   announce prefix(es) covering them.

   If the goal of reducing the DFZ routing table size is to be reached,
   the second option is preferred.  Moreover, the second option allows
   LISP-based ingress traffic engineering from all sites.  However, the
   placement of P-ITRs significantly influences performance and
   deployment incentives.  Section 5 is dedicated to the migration to a
   LISP-enabled Internet, and includes deployment scenarios for P-ITRs.

4.2.  P-ETR

   In contrast to P-ITRs, P-ETRs are not required for the correct
   functioning of all LISP sites.  There are two cases, where they can
   be of great help:

   o  LISP sites with unicast reverse path forwarding (uRPF)
      restrictions, and

   o  Communication between sites using different address family RLOCs.

   In the first case, uRPF filtering is applied at their upstream PE
   router.  When forwarding traffic to non-LISP sites, an ITR does not
   encapsulate packets, leaving the original IP headers intact.  As a
   result, packets will have EIDs in their source address.  Since we are
   discussing the transition period, we can assume that a prefix
   covering the EIDs belonging to the LISP site is advertised to the
   global routing tables by a P-ITR, and the PE router has a route
   towards it.  However, the next hop will not be on the interface
   towards the CE router, so non-encapsulated packets will fail uRPF
   checks.

   To avoid this filtering, the affected ITR encapsulates packets
   towards the locator of the P-ETR for non-LISP destinations.  Now the
   source address of the packets, as seen by the PE router is the ITR's
   locator, which will not fail the uRPF check.  The P-ETR then
   decapsulates and forwards the packets.




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   The second use case is IPv4-to-IPv6 transition.  Service providers
   using older access network hardware, which only supports IPv4 can
   still offer IPv6 to their clients, by providing a CPE device running
   LISP, and P-ETR(s) for accessing IPv6-only non-LISP sites and LISP
   sites, with IPv6-only locators.  Packets originating from the client
   LISP site for these destinations would be encapsulated towards the
   P-ETR's IPv4 locator.  The P-ETR is in a native IPv6 network,
   decapsulating and forwarding packets.  For non-LISP destination, the
   packet travels natively from the P-ETR.  For LISP destinations with
   IPv6-only locators, the packet will go through a P-ITR, in order to
   reach its destination.

   For more details on P-ETRs see the [RFC6832] draft.

   P-ETRs can be deployed by ISPs wishing to offer value-added services
   to their customers.  As is the case with P-ITRs, P-ETRs too may
   introduce path stretch.  Because of this the ISP needs to consider
   the tradeoff of using several devices, close to the customers, to
   minimize it, or few devices, farther away from the customers,
   minimizing cost instead.

   Since the deployment incentives for P-ITRs and P-ETRs are different,
   it is likely they will be deployed in separate devices, except for
   the CDN case, which may deploy both in a single device.

   In all cases, the existence of a P-ETR involves another step in the
   configuration of a LISP router.  CPE routers, which are typically
   configured by DHCP, stand to benefit most from P-ETRs.
   Autoconfiguration of the P-ETR locator could be achieved by a DHCP
   option, or adding a P-ETR field to either Map-Notifys or Map-Replies.


5.  Migration to LISP

   This section discusses a deployment architecture to support the
   migration to a LISP-enabled Internet.  The loosely defined terms of
   "early transition phase", "late transition phase", and "LISP Internet
   phase" refer to time periods when LISP sites are a minority, a
   majority, or represent all edge networks respectively.

5.1.  LISP+BGP

   For sites wishing to go LISP with their PI prefix the least
   disruptive way is to upgrade their border routers to support LISP,
   register the prefix into the LISP mapping system, but keep announcing
   it with BGP as well.  This way LISP sites will reach them over LISP,
   while legacy sites will be unaffected by the change.  The main
   disadvantage of this approach is that no decrease in the DFZ routing



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   table size is achieved.  Still, just increasing the number of LISP
   sites is an important gain, as an increasing LISP/non-LISP site ratio
   will slowly decrease the need for BGP-based traffic engineering that
   leads to prefix deaggregation.  That, in turn, may lead to a decrease
   in the DFZ size and churn in the late transition phase.

   This scenario is not limited to sites that already have their
   prefixes announced with BGP.  Newly allocated EID blocks could follow
   this strategy as well during the early LISP deployment phase,
   depending on the cost/benefit analysis of the individual networks.
   Since this leads to an increase in the DFZ size, the following
   architecture should be preferred for new allocations.

5.2.  Mapping Service Provider (MSP) P-ITR Service

   In addition to publishing their clients' registered prefixes in the
   mapping system, MSPs with enough transit capacity can offer them
   P-ITR service as a separate service.  This service is especially
   useful for new PI allocations, to sites without existing BGP
   infrastructure, that wish to avoid BGP altogether.  The MSP announces
   the prefix into the DFZ, and the client benefits from ingress traffic
   engineering without prefix deaggregation.  The downside of this
   scenario is adding path stretch.

   Routing all non-LISP ingress traffic through a third party which is
   not one of its ISPs is only feasible for sites with modest amounts of
   traffic (like those using the IPv6 tunnel broker services today),
   especially in the first stage of the transition to LISP, with a
   significant number of legacy sites.  This is because the handling of
   said traffic is likely to result in additional costs, which would be
   passed down to the client.  When the LISP/non-LISP site ratio becomes
   high enough, this approach can prove increasingly attractive.

   Compared to LISP+BGP, this approach avoids DFZ bloat caused by prefix
   deaggregation for traffic engineering purposes, resulting in slower
   routing table increase in the case of new allocations and potential
   decrease for existing ones.  Moreover, MSPs serving different clients
   with adjacent aggregatable prefixes may lead to additional decrease,
   but quantifying this decrease is subject to future research study.

5.3.  Proxy-ITR Route Distribution (PITR-RD)

   Instead of a LISP site, or the MSP, announcing their EIDs with BGP to
   the DFZ, this function can be outsourced to a third party, a P-ITR
   Service Provider (PSP).  This will result in a decrease of the
   operational complexity both at the site and at the MSP.

   The PSP manages a set of distributed P-ITR(s) that will advertise the



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   corresponding EID prefixes through BGP to the DFZ.  These P-ITR(s)
   will then encapsulate the traffic they receive for those EIDs towards
   the RLOCs of the LISP site, ensuring their reachability from non-LISP
   sites.  Note that handling non-LISP-originated traffic may incur
   additional costs for the PSP, which may be passed down to the client.

   While it is possible for a PSP to manually configure each client's
   EID routes to be announced, this approach offers little flexibility
   and is not scalable.  This section presents a scalable architecture
   that offers automatic distribution of EID routes to LISP sites and
   service providers.

   The architecture requires no modification to existing LISP network
   elements, but it introduces a new (conceptual) network element, the
   EID Route Server, defined as a router that either propagates routes
   learned from other EID Route Servers, or it originates EID Routes.
   The EID-Routes that it originates are those that it is authoritative
   for.  It propagates these routes to Proxy-ITRs within the AS of the
   EID Route Server.  It is worth to note that a BGP capable router can
   be also considered as an EID Route Server.

   Further, an EID-Route is defined as a prefix originated via the Route
   Server of the mapping service provider, which should be aggregated if
   the MSP has multiple customers inside a single large continuous
   prefix.  This prefix is propagated to other P-ITRs both within the
   MSP and to other P-ITR operators it peers with.  EID Route Servers
   are operated either by the LISP site, MSPs or PSPs, and they may be
   collocated with a Map Server or P-ITR, but are a functionally
   discrete entity.  They distribute EID-Routes, using BGP, to other
   domains, according to policies set by participants.

                              MSP (AS64500)
                              RS ---> P-ITR
                               |        /
                               |  _.--./
                              ,-''    /`--.
             LISP site   ---,' |     v     `.
                           (   |   DFZ       )----- Mapping system
         non-LISP site   ----. |    ^      ,'
                              `--. /   _.-'
                               |  `--''
                               v /
                             P-ITR
                             PSP (AS64501)

            Figure 5: The P-ITR Route Distribution architecture

   The architecture described above decouples EID origination from route



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   propagation, with the following benefits:

   o  Can accurately represent business relationships between P-ITR
      operators

   o  More mapping system agnostic

   o  Minor changes to P-ITR implementation, no changes to other
      components

   In the example in the figure we have a MSP providing services to the
   LISP site.  The LISP site does not run BGP, and gets an EID
   allocation directly from a RIR, or from the MSP, who may be a LIR.
   Existing PI allocations can be migrated as well.  The MSP ensures the
   presence of the prefix in the mapping system, and runs an EID Route
   Server to distribute it to P-ITR service providers.  Since the LISP
   site does not run BGP, the prefix will be originated with the AS
   number of the MSP.

   In the simple case depicted in Figure 5 the EID-Route of LISP Site
   will be originated by the Route Server, and announced to the DFZ by
   the PSP's P-ITRs with AS path 64501 64500.  From that point on, the
   usual BGP dynamics apply.  This way, routes announced by P-ITR are
   still originated by the authoritative Route Server.  Note that the
   peering relationships between MSP/PSPs and those in the underlying
   forwarding plane may not be congruent, making the AS path to a P-ITR
   shorter than it is in reality.

   The non-LISP site will select the best path towards the EID-prefix,
   according to its local BGP policies.  Since AS-path length is usually
   an important metric for selecting paths, a careful placement of P-ITR
   could significantly reduce path-stretch between LISP and non-LISP
   sites.

   The architecture allows for flexible policies between MSP/PSPs.
   Consider the EID Route Server networks as control plane overlays,
   facilitating the implementation of policies necessary to reflect the
   business relationships between participants.  The results are then
   injected to the common underlying forwarding plane.  For example,
   some MSP/PSPs may agree to exchange EID-Prefixes and only announce
   them to each of their forwarding plane customers.  Global
   reachability of an EID-prefix depends on the MSP the LISP site buys
   service from, and is also subject to agreement between the mentioned
   parties.

   In terms of impact on the DFZ, this architecture results in a slower
   routing table increase for new allocations, since traffic engineering
   will be done at the LISP level.  For existing allocations migrating



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   to LISP, the DFZ may decrease since MSPs may be able to aggregate the
   prefixes announced.

   Compared to LISP+BGP, this approach avoids DFZ bloat caused by prefix
   deaggregation for traffic engineering purposes, resulting in slower
   routing table increase in the case of new allocations and potential
   decrease for existing ones.  Moreover, MSPs serving different clients
   with adjacent aggregatable prefixes may lead to additional decrease,
   but quantifying this decrease is subject to future research study.

   The flexibility and scalability of this architecture does not come
   without a cost however: A PSP operator has to establish either
   transit or peering relationships to improve their connectivity.

5.4.  Migration Summary

   The following table presents the expected effects of the different
   transition scenarios during a certain phase on the DFZ routing table
   size:

    Phase            | LISP+BGP     | MSP P-ITR       | PITR-RD
    -----------------+--------------+-----------------+----------------
    Early transition | no change    | slower increase | slower increase
    Late transition  | may decrease | slower increase | slower increase
    LISP Internet    |             considerable decrease

   It is expected that PITR-RD will co-exist with LISP+BGP during the
   migration, with the latter being more popular in the early transition
   phase.  As the transition progresses and the MSP P-ITR and PITR-RD
   ecosystem gets more ubiquitous, LISP+BGP should become less
   attractive, slowing down the increase of the number of routes in the
   DFZ.


6.  Step-by-Step Example BGP to LISP Migration Procedure

6.1.  Customer Pre-Install and Pre-Turn-up Checklist

   1.  Determine how many current physical service provider connections
       the customer has and their existing bandwidth and traffic
       engineering requirements.

       This information will determine the number of routing locators,
       and the priorities and weights that should be configured on the
       xTRs.

   2.  Make sure customer router has LISP capabilities.




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       *  Check OS version of the CE router.  If LISP is an add-on,
          check if it is installed.

          This information can be used to determine if the platform is
          appropriate to support LISP, in order to determine if a
          software and/or hardware upgrade is required.

       *  Have customer upgrade (if necessary, software and/or hardware)
          to be LISP capable.

   3.  Obtain current running configuration of CE router.  A suggested
       LISP router configuration example can be customized to the
       customer's existing environment.

   4.  Verify MTU Handling

       *  Request increase in MTU to 1556 on service provider
          connections.  Prior to MTU change verify that 1500 byte packet
          from P-xTR to RLOC with do not fragment (DF-bit) bit set.

       *  Ensure they are not filtering ICMP unreachable or time-
          exceeded on their firewall or router.

       LISP, like any tunneling protocol, will increase the size of
       packets when the LISP header is appended.  If increasing the MTU
       of the access links is not possible, care must be taken that ICMP
       is not being filtered in order to allow for Path MTU Discovery to
       take place.

   5.  Validate member prefix allocation.

       This step is to check if the prefix used by the customer is a
       direct (Provider Independent), or if it is a prefix assigned by a
       physical service provider (Provider Aggregatable).  If the
       prefixes are assigned by other service provivers then a Letter of
       Agreement is required to announce prefixes through the Proxy
       Service Provider.

   6.  Verify the member RLOCs and their reachability.

       This step ensures that the RLOCs configured on the CE router are
       in fact reachable and working.

   7.  Prepare for cut-over.

       *  If possible, have a host outside of all security and filtering
          policies connected to the console port of the edge router or
          switch.



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       *  Make sure customer has access to the router in order to
          configure it.

6.2.  Customer Activating LISP Service

   1.  Customer configures LISP on CE router(s) from service provider
       recommended configuration.

       The LISP configuration consists of the EID prefix, the locators,
       and the weights and priorities of the mapping between the two
       values.  In addition, the xTR must be configured with Map
       Resolver(s), Map Server(s) and the shared key for registering to
       Map Server(s).  If required, Proxy-ETR(s) may be configured as
       well.

       In addition to the LISP configuration, the following:

       *  Ensure default route(s) to next-hop external neighbors are
          included and RLOCs are present in configuration.

       *  If two or more routers are used, ensure all RLOCs are included
          in the LISP configuration on all routers.

       *  It will be necessary to redistribute default route via IGP
          between the external routers.

   2.  When transition is ready perform a soft shutdown on existing eBGP
       peer session(s)

       *  From CE router, use LIG to ensure registration is successful.

       *  To verify LISP connectivity, ping LISP connected sites.  See
          http://www.lisp4.net/ and/or http://www.lisp6.net/ for
          potential candidates.  If possible, find ping destinations
          that are not covered by a prefix in the global BGP routing
          system, because PITRs may deliver the packets even if LISP
          connectivity is not working.  Traceroutes may help discover if
          this is the case.

       *  To verify connectivity to non-LISP sites, try accessing a
          landmark (e.g., a major Internet site) via a web browser.

6.3.  Cut-Over Provider Preparation and Changes

   1.  Verify site configuration and then active registration on Map
       Server(s)





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       *  Authentication key

       *  EID prefix

   2.  Add EID space to map-cache on proxies

   3.  Add networks to BGP advertisement on proxies

       *  Modify route-maps/policies on P-xTRs

       *  Modify route policies on core routers (if non-connected
          member)

       *  Modify ingress policers on core routers

       *  Ensure route announcement in looking glass servers, RouteViews

   4.  Perform traffic verification test

       *  Ensure MTU handling is as expected (PMTUD working)

       *  Ensure proxy-ITR map-cache population

       *  Ensure access from traceroute/ping servers around Internet

       *  Use a looking glass, to check for external visibility of
          registration via several Map Resolvers (e.g.,
          http://lispmon.net/).


7.  Security Considerations

   Security implications of LISP deployments are to be discussed in
   separate documents.  [I-D.ietf-lisp-threats] gives an overview of
   LISP threat models, while securing mapping lookups is discussed in
   [I-D.ietf-lisp-sec].


8.  IANA Considerations

   This memo includes no request to IANA.


9.  Acknowledgements

   Many thanks to Margaret Wasserman for her contribution to the IETF76
   presentation that kickstarted this work.  The authors would also like
   to thank Damien Saucez, Luigi Iannone, Joel Halpern, Vince Fuller,



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   Dino Farinacci, Terry Manderson, Noel Chiappa, Hannu Flinck, Paul
   Vinciguerra and everyone else who provided input.


10.  References

10.1.  Normative References

   [RFC6830]  Farinacci, D., Fuller, V., Meyer, D., and D. Lewis, "The
              Locator/ID Separation Protocol (LISP)", RFC 6830,
              January 2013.

   [RFC6832]  Lewis, D., Meyer, D., Farinacci, D., and V. Fuller,
              "Interworking between Locator/ID Separation Protocol
              (LISP) and Non-LISP Sites", RFC 6832, January 2013.

   [RFC6833]  Fuller, V. and D. Farinacci, "Locator/ID Separation
              Protocol (LISP) Map-Server Interface", RFC 6833,
              January 2013.

10.2.  Informative References

   [I-D.ietf-lisp-eid-block]
              Iannone, L., Lewis, D., Meyer, D., and V. Fuller, "LISP
              EID Block", draft-ietf-lisp-eid-block-03 (work in
              progress), November 2012.

   [I-D.ietf-lisp-sec]
              Maino, F., Ermagan, V., Cabellos-Aparicio, A., Saucez, D.,
              and O. Bonaventure, "LISP-Security (LISP-SEC)",
              draft-ietf-lisp-sec-04 (work in progress), October 2012.

   [I-D.ietf-lisp-threats]
              Saucez, D., Iannone, L., and O. Bonaventure, "LISP Threats
              Analysis", draft-ietf-lisp-threats-03 (work in progress),
              October 2012.

   [RFC4459]  Savola, P., "MTU and Fragmentation Issues with In-the-
              Network Tunneling", RFC 4459, April 2006.

   [RFC6834]  Iannone, L., Saucez, D., and O. Bonaventure, "Locator/ID
              Separation Protocol (LISP) Map-Versioning", RFC 6834,
              January 2013.

   [cache]    Jung, J., Sit, E., Balakrishnan, H., and R. Morris, "DNS
              performance and the effectiveness of caching", 2002.





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Authors' Addresses

   Lorand Jakab
   Cisco Systems
   170 Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: lojakab@cisco.com


   Albert Cabellos-Aparicio
   Technical University of Catalonia
   C/Jordi Girona, s/n
   BARCELONA  08034
   Spain

   Email: acabello@ac.upc.edu


   Florin Coras
   Technical University of Catalonia
   C/Jordi Girona, s/n
   BARCELONA  08034
   Spain

   Email: fcoras@ac.upc.edu


   Jordi Domingo-Pascual
   Technical University of Catalonia
   C/Jordi Girona, s/n
   BARCELONA  08034
   Spain

   Email: jordi.domingo@ac.upc.edu


   Darrel Lewis
   Cisco Systems
   170 Tasman Drive
   San Jose, CA  95134
   USA

   Email: darlewis@cisco.com






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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies.
 This draft is a work item of the Locator/ID Separation Protocol Working Gr=
oup of the IETF.

	Title           : LISP Network Element Deployment Considerations
	Author(s)       : Lorand Jakab
                          Albert Cabellos-Aparicio
                          Florin Coras
                          Jordi Domingo-Pascual
                          Darrel Lewis
	Filename        : draft-ietf-lisp-deployment-06.txt
	Pages           : 24
	Date            : 2013-01-25

Abstract:
   This document discusses the different scenarios for the deployment of
   the new network elements introduced by the Locator/Identifier
   Separation Protocol (LISP).


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-lisp-deployment

There's also a htmlized version available at:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-lisp-deployment-06

A diff from the previous version is available at:
http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3Ddraft-ietf-lisp-deployment-06


Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/

