
From nobody Wed Apr  1 16:18:33 2015
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From: Martin Thomson <martin.thomson@gmail.com>
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Subject: [Webpush] Analysis of performance impact of disaggregation
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One of the concerns raised about Microsoft's disaggregation proposal
was the performance impact it implies.  Since connections and the
state tied to them is volatile state, being able to efficiently repair
that state could be important.  Maybe some numbers might help here,
even if they are rough and based on some speculation.

For a server that chooses to operate as proposed and provide
independent subscriptions, this means that clients need to tell the
server about every subscription they are interested in after a
connection is restored.

If I'm right about this much, the choice over whether disaggregation
or aggregation is largely driven by costs at this point.  That means
understanding the costs.

## Costs for aggregation

An aggregating server needs a way to identify all undelivered messages
across all subscriptions for the registration.

I originally envisaged an architecture where this is done by
aggregating messages into a single persistent store that was common
across the registration.  This reduces the cost of session restoration
to connection establishment, plus one request, and then a database
lookup.

An aggregate on push design like this doesn't necessarily require a
server to explicitly maintain a list of subscriptions for a
registration, servers only need a way to identify the registration
based on the subscription URL.  I can go into more detail on how that
might work if people don't think this is possible.

Elio pointed out that their delivery architecture kept subscriptions
independent of each other and that aggregation would force them to
store additional information identifying active subscriptions.
That is, aggregate on pull.

Session restoration for an aggregate-on-pull architecture would entail
querying the registration store, then querying each of the listed
subscriptions independently.  Obviously, that imposes additional state
management overhead on the server, as well as having the cost and
delay of querying each subscription once the connection is online.
The only cost to the user agent is a potential delay in message
delivery after a connection break.

## Costs for disaggregation

A server without any aggregation doesn't need to maintain any
information about the correlation of subscriptions.  So the concerns
raised about aggregation are ameliorated.

The cost here is in the time that it takes to tell the server about
all of the different subscriptions you are interested in.  In HTTP/2,
that is largely driven by the size of the path component of the URL,
the rest can be aggressively compressed down to a handful of bytes
(let's say 16, including the frame header).  I'm assuming the absence
of bearer tokens for authentication, which might be used here at a
significantly increased cost in bytes.

The big latency cost comes in when the size of requests exceeds the
TCP CWND, which is probably still small at this point.  Assuming TLS
false start, that CWND is shared with the TLS CCS and Finished and the
HTTP/2 preface, which might amount to 100 bytes total.

The dominant factors here are therefore how many subscriptions and how
long is the URL for each.  Here's where the assumptions start to build
up.

I don't have good stats on this, but I'm going to suggest that you
might want to have 100 subscriptions active without performance
degradation (I expect the real number to be much lower than this in
practice, but outliers are where complaints originate).

URLs can be quite long, depending on what is packed into them.
Microsoft documentation
(https://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/windows/apps/xaml/hh868252.aspx)
shows an example with a 159 octet path.

If that length is representative, 100 subscriptions will consume 17.5k
plus overheads.  Transmitting that data takes an insignificant amount
of time, but that amount exceeds the CWND for the second round trip of
TCP on common MSS values short of INIT_CWND 7.  If the CWND is
exceeded, then it takes an additional round trip to complete the
setup.  The example also includes a 62 byte bearer token sent by the
application server; I don't know if that is needed here or not for the
user agent.

I don't know what the current status is, but last time I checked
INIT_CWND 4 was the value that was in widespread use.  That means less
than 64 subscriptions.

If you wanted to be quite aggressive about reducing the size of the
path and are able to make some architectural changes, it should be
quite feasible to construct a subscription path that is only 45
characters in base64.  At that point, I think that we can discount the
CWND issue.

## Allowing choice

I think that I'd be disappointed if we allowed the push service to
pick here. That makes it harder to build a single client.  But it
might be OK given the need for some sort of prior relationship with
the push service for authentication purposes.  I don't think that this
is accepting the judgment of solomon, but I think we need to consider
the complexity costs of that option.


From nobody Thu Apr  2 17:02:00 2015
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Subject: [Webpush] My conclusion regarding disaggregation
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I have concluded that disaggregation is the right approach.  Though
not for any of the reasons raised at the meeting.

The analysis I posted yesterday concluded that perhaps the efficiency
downsides of disaggregation can be mitigated sufficiently if a push
service is careful enough with identifier allocation and compression.
That mostly removed the downsides for me, but didn't really provide
any actual justification for disaggregation.

Since writing that, I've been thinking about the protocol consequences
of splitting the subscription into two resources.

After thinking that through, I concluded that splitting the
subscription in two naturally leads to disaggregation.  And combined,
those two changes have some nice properties and they even enables some
features that we might want to include.

---
With a split subscription, the application server (AS) pushes against
one resource, which triggers a notification at the user agent (UA).

* In the aggregated case, the push service (PS) has to use a single
identifier for all messages pushed to that subscription (either the
public or the private URL associated with that subscription),
otherwise the UA has no way of properly identifying the subscription.

* On the other hand, if we don't have registration, then monitoring
each subscription directly ensures that the client can easily identify
the subscription context.  That allows us to uniquely identify each
message with a URL.

Being able to uniquely identify messages has several benefits:

* Message collapsing is easy: rather than using POST to create a new
message, the contents of a previous message can be replaced with new
content using PUT.

* Message acknowledgment is easier: the UA can acknowledge a message
using a DELETE request on it.  If we do collapsing, then the DELETE
will ideally be conditional (using If-None-Match or
If-Not-Modified-Since), but that's the only real source of
complication.

* Application servers can cancel message delivery by acknowledging
messages that they sent.

* I can also imagine being able to navigate a set of messages using
"next" and "prev" relations, but that's not actually addressing any
use case, so I don't think that we'd specify it.  It's merely nice
from a consistency standpoint.

The only potential pitfall I can see is that if a collapsed message is
updated just prior to an "acknowledgment", the ack will be lost since
the DELETE is conditional.  I think that's OK: that only happens when
the UA is online, so the UA will get the updated message quickly and
can acknowledge the updated message straight away.

Of course, messages will need to be given unguessable URLs for some of
these to work without extra authentication machinery, but that's easy.

---
I've spoken with Brian and Elio about this.  Brian is doing a write-up
of the basic design.  We'll have a merged proposal ready shortly for
discussion (and hopefully adoption).  I've already suggest that this
merged design not include a registration option.


From nobody Wed Apr 15 17:42:42 2015
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From: "DRUTA, DAN" <dd5826@att.com>
To: "Brian Raymor (MS OPEN TECH)" <Brian.Raymor@microsoft.com>, "webpush@ietf.org" <webpush@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [Webpush] FW: New Version Notification for draft-thomson-webpush-protocol-00.txt
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Subject: Re: [Webpush] FW: New Version Notification for draft-thomson-webpush-protocol-00.txt
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Brian, Martin and Elio,=20

Thanks for the offline coordination and for putting this version together. =
I finally managed to get to review the draft and it looks good for the most=
 part.

I made a few comments on the issues in github so I won't repeat them here.

A couple topics came to mind and I would like to throw them here for furthe=
r clarification from the authors:
1. Prioritization
As I went through the draft I wasn't able to understand how the push servic=
e will handle message prioritization (for the same subscription).
Is the expectation that the app server will send them in the right sequence=
 and the push server will use a FIFO (first in first out) queue?
The scenario I have in mind is a social network application that can push n=
ews alerts and incoming chat notifications. I would expect the chat notific=
ation to have a higher priority than other notifications.
If the app server sends notifications as they happen, it is only the push s=
ervice that will be able to act based on some form of prioritization indica=
tor.
Priority is a fairly basic requirement and I hope it can get handled in a h=
eader so it can be consistently enforced by the push service.

2. Message deduplication and retries.
Section 6.1 talks about acknowledging push messages and that the user agent=
 must acknowledge with an HTTP DELETE if the message was delivered at least=
 once.
Should we have a mechanism in place to account for message deduplication? I=
 might be wrong but I can see situations where the three parties (AS, PS, U=
A) end up in some race conditions and the AS ends up retrying. It would be =
good to clarify that the push messages for the same application event insta=
nce (e.g. call from Bob) MUST have the same identifier so they can be dupli=
cated at the PS so they don't get sent multiple times to the UE.

Regards,
Dan

-----Original Message-----
From: Webpush [mailto:webpush-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Brian Raymor (=
MS OPEN TECH)
Sent: Wednesday, April 15, 2015 5:43 PM
To: webpush@ietf.org
Subject: [Webpush] FW: New Version Notification for draft-thomson-webpush-p=
rotocol-00.txt

As requested at the last WebPush meeting in Dallas, Martin, Elio, and I hav=
e merged our proposals into a straw-man for review.

During that process, we've captured issues at:

	https://github.com/unicorn-wg/webpush-protocol/issues

but will now migrate those discussions to the WebPush mailing list in the n=
ext few days.

...Brian

-----Original Message-----

A new version of I-D, draft-thomson-webpush-protocol-00.txt
has been successfully submitted by Brian Raymor and posted to the IETF repo=
sitory.

Name:		draft-thomson-webpush-protocol
Revision:	00
Title:		Generic Event Delivery Using HTTP Push
Document date:	2015-04-15
Group:		Individual Submission
Pages:		21
URL:            http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-thomson-webpush-p=
rotocol-00.txt
Status:         https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-thomson-webpush-prot=
ocol/
Htmlized:       http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-thomson-webpush-protocol-0=
0


Abstract:
   A simple protocol for the delivery of realtime events to user agents
   is described.  This scheme uses HTTP/2 server push.

                                                                           =
      =20


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submissio=
n until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

The IETF Secretariat

_______________________________________________
Webpush mailing list
Webpush@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/webpush


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On 29 April 2015 at 10:12, DRUTA, DAN <dd5826@att.com> wrote:
> 1. Prioritization
[...]
> Is the expectation that the app server will send them in the right sequence and the push server will use a FIFO (first in first out) queue?

The draft really doesn't say, partly because we didn't discuss it
much, partly because I think that we'd want some flexibility.  I've
opened an issue on this in our issue tracker so that we don't forget
this.

> Priority is a fairly basic requirement and I hope it can get handled in a header so it can be consistently enforced by the push service.

Prioritization is a concern if there are multiple messages to deliver
at the same time.  This happens most often when a device comes back
from a short nap (as mobile devices do all the time).  With a small
number of messages, this might not be a big deal, but if there is a
backlog to clear, it could be.  I have a draft on signaling priorities
that could be used in this context:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-thomson-http-nice-02

Do you think that we need to address this in a basic protocol
specification, or can it rely on other specifications.

> 2. Message deduplication and retries.

Yes, reliability is hard.  The intent is to have the application mark
messages and perform deduplication if it does resending, especially
within the TTL period that the push service promises.

In terms of the protocol, there is a proposal for message replacement
that might reduce the need for some of this, but Brian, Elio and I
decided that we'd let this draft stabilize before talking about that
feature: https://github.com/unicorn-wg/webpush-protocol/pull/12


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