Signaling MSD (Maximum SID Depth) using OSPF

When Segment Routing (SR) paths are computed by a centralized controller, it is critical that the controller learns the Maximum SID (Segment Identifier) Depth (MSD) that can be imposed at each node/link on a given SR path to ensure that the Segment Identifier (SID) stack depth of a computed path doesn't exceed the number of SIDs the node is capable of imposing. defines how to signal MSD in the Path Computation Element communication Protocol (PCEP). However, if PCEP is not supported/configured on the head-end of an SR tunnel or a Binding-SID anchor node and controller does not participate in IGP routing, it has no way to learn the MSD of nodes and links. BGP-LS (Distribution of Link-State and TE Information using Border Gateway Protocol) defines a way to expose topology and associated attributes and capabilities of the nodes in that topology to a centralized controller. MSD signaling by BGP-LS has been defined in . Typically, BGP-LS is configured on a small number of nodes that do not necessarily act as head-ends. In order for BGP-LS to signal MSD for all the nodes and links in the network MSD is relevant, MSD capabilities SHOULD be advertised by every OSPF router in the network. Other types of MSD are known to be useful. For example, defines Readable Label Depth Capability (RLDC) that is used by a head-end to insert an Entropy Label (EL) at a depth that could be read by transit nodes. This document defines an extension to OSPF used to advertise one or more types of MSD at node and/or link granularity. In the future it is expected, that new MSD-types will be defined to signal additional capabilities e.g., entropy labels, SIDs that can be imposed through recirculation, or SIDs associated with another dataplane e.g., IPv6. MSD advertisements MAY be useful even if Segment Routing itself is not enabled. For example, in a non-SR MPLS network, MSD defines the maximum label depth.

This memo makes use of the terms defined in BGP-LS: Distribution of Link-State and TE Information using Border Gateway Protocol OSPF: Open Shortest Path First MSD: Maximum SID Depth - the number of SIDs supported by a node or a link on a node SID: Segment Identifier as defined in Label Imposition: Imposition is the act of modifying and/or adding labels to the outgoing label stack associated with a packet. This includes: replacing the label at the top of the label stack with a new label pushing one or more new labels onto the label stack The number of labels imposed is then the sum of the number of labels which are replaced and the number of labels which are pushed. See for further details. PCC: Path Computation Client PCE: Path Computation Element PCEP: Path Computation Element Protocol SR: Segment Routing SID: Segment Identifier LSA: Link state advertisement RI: OSPF Router Information LSA

The key words "MUST", "MUST NOT", "REQUIRED", "SHALL", "SHALL NOT", "SHOULD", "SHOULD NOT", "RECOMMENDED", "NOT RECOMMENDED", "MAY", and "OPTIONAL" in this document are to be interpreted as described in BCP 14 when, and only when, they appear in all capitals, as shown here.

The node MSD TLV within the body of the OSPF RI Opaque LSA is defined to carry the provisioned SID depth of the router originating the RI LSA. Node MSD is the smallest MSD supported by the node on the set of interfaces configured for use by the advertising IGP instance. MSD values may be learned via a hardware API or may be provisioned.

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | MSD-Type | MSD-Value | MSD-Type... | MSD-Value... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Type: 12 Length: variable (multiple of 2 octets) and represents the total length of value field in octets. Value: consists of one or more pairs of a 1 octet MSD-type and 1 octet MSD-Value. MSD-Type: one of the values defined in the IGP MSD-Types registry defined in . MSD-Value: a number in the range of 0-255. For all MSD-Types, 0 represents lack of the ability to impose MSD stack of any depth; any other value represents that of the node. This value MUST represent the lowest value supported by any link configured for use by the advertising OSPF instance. This TLV is applicable to OSPFv2 and to OSPFv3 and is optional. The scope of the advertisement is specific to the deployment. When multiple Node MSD TLVs are received from a given router, the receiver MUST use the first occurrence of the TLV in the Router Information LSA. If the Node MSD TLV appears in multiple Router Information LSAs that have different flooding scopes, the Node MSD TLV in the Router Information LSA with the area-scoped flooding scope MUST be used. If the Node MSD TLV appears in multiple Router Information LSAs that have the same flooding scope, the Node MSD TLV in the Router Information (RI) LSA with the numerically smallest Instance ID MUST be used and other instances of the Node MSD TLV MUST be ignored. The RI LSA can be advertised at any of the defined opaque flooding scopes (link, area, or Autonomous System (AS)). For the purpose of Node MSD TLV advertisement, area-scoped flooding is RECOMMENDED.

The link sub-TLV is defined to carry the MSD of the interface associated with the link. MSD values may be learned via a hardware API or may be provisioned.

0 1 2 3 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | Type | Length | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ | MSD-Type | MSD-Value | MSD-Type... | MSD-Value... | +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+ Type: For OSPFv2, the Link level MSD-Value is advertised as an optional Sub-TLV of the OSPFv2 Extended Link TLV as defined in , and has a type of 6. For OSPFv3, the Link level MSD-Value is advertised as an optional Sub-TLV of the E-Router-LSA TLV as defined in , and has a type of 9. Length: variable and same as defined in . Value: consists of one or more pairs of a 1 octet MSD-type and 1 octet MSD-Value. MSD-Type: one of the values defined in the MSD-Types registry defined in . MSD-Value field contains Link MSD of the router originating the corresponding LSA as specified for OSPFv2 and OSPFv3. Link MSD is a number in the range of 0-255. For all MSD-Types, 0 represents lack of the ability to impose MSD stack of any depth; any other value represents that of the particular link when used as an outgoing interface. If this sub-TLV is advertised multiple times in the same OSPFv2 Extended Link Opaque LSA/E-Router-LSA, only the first instance of the TLV MUST be used by receiving OSPF routers. This situation SHOULD be logged as an error. If this sub-TLV is advertised multiple times for the same link in different OSPF Extended Link Opaque LSAs/E-Router-LSAs originated by the same OSPF router, the OSPFv2 Extended Link TLV in the OSPFv2 Extended Link Opaque LSA with the smallest Opaque ID or in the OSPFv3 E-Router-LSA with the smallest Link State ID MUST be used by receiving OSPF routers. This situation MAY be logged as a warning.

When Link MSD is present for a given MSD-type, the value of the Link MSD MUST take precedence over the Node MSD. When a Link MSD-type is not signaled but the Node MSD-type is, then the Node MSD-type value MUST be considered as the MSD value for that link. In order to increase flooding efficiency, it is RECOMMENDED that routers with homogenous link MSD values advertise just the Node MSD value. The meaning of the absence of both Node and Link MSD advertisements for a given MSD-type is specific to the MSD-type. Generally it can only be inferred that the advertising node does not support advertisement of that MSD-type. However, in some cases the lack of advertisement might imply that the functionality associated with the MSD-type is not supported. The correct interpretation MUST be specified when an MSD-type is defined in .

This specification updates several existing OSPF registries. IANA has allocated TLV type 12 from the OSPF Router Information (RI) TLVs Registry as defined by .

Value Description Reference ----- --------------- ------------- 12 Node MSD This document IANA has allocated sub-TLV type 6 from the OSPFv2 Extended Link TLV Sub-TLVs registry.

Value Description Reference ----- --------------- ------------- 6 OSPFv2 Link MSD This document IANA has allocated sub-TLV type 9 from the OSPFv3 Extended-LSA Sub-TLV registry.

Value Description Reference ----- --------------- ------------- 9 OSPFv3 Link MSD This document

Security concerns for OSPF are addressed in , and . Further security analysis for OSPF protocol is done in . Security considerations, as specified by , and are applicable to this document. Implementations MUST assure that malformed TLV and Sub-TLV defined in this document are detected and do not provide a vulnerability for attackers to crash the OSPF router or routing process. Reception of malformed TLV or Sub-TLV SHOULD be counted and/or logged for further analysis. Logging of malformed TLVs and Sub-TLVs SHOULD be rate-limited to prevent a Denial of Service (DoS) attack (distributed or otherwise) from overloading the OSPF control plane. Advertisement of an incorrect MSD value may have negative consequences. If the value is smaller than supported, path computation may fail to compute a viable path. If the value is larger than supported, an attempt to instantiate a path that can't be supported by the head-end (the node performing the SID imposition) may occur. The presence of this information also may inform an attacker of how to induce any of the aforementioned conditions. There's no Denial of Service risk specific to this extension, and it is not vulnerable to replay attacks.

The following people contributed to this document: Les Ginsberg Email: ginsberg@cisco.com

The authors would like to thank Acee Lindem, Ketan Talaulikar, Tal Mizrahi, Stephane Litkowski and Bruno Decraene for their reviews and valuable comments.