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From nobody Tue Apr  3 17:20:36 2018
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Date: Wed, 04 Apr 2018 01:20:21 +0100
From: Denis Ovsienko <denis@ovsienko.info>
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Subject: Re: [babel] Work to do (IHU TLV AE 0)
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Hello all.

---- On Fri, 30 Mar 2018 15:59:09 +0100 David Schinazi<dschinazi@apple.com> wrote ---- 
 > Taking a step back and thinking about the security properties here,
 > I don't see a security issue with the text "A Unicast Hello carrying a given seqno should normally be sent to just one neighbour".
 > The conceptual property of unicast hellos is that the seqno is from a different pool as the multicast seqno.
 > That means that I MUST treat them separately when I receive them to avoid mixing up cost estimations,
 > however as a sender I can very well send the same unicast seqno to all my neighbors if I so choose.
 > As such it is not a problem to send Unicast Hellos to the multicast address (even though I don't see a reason to do so).
 > The attack that Juliusz described was where Eve takes an unicast Hello from Alice destined for Bob and sends it to Damian,
 > in that case the problem arises because Damian will check the timestamp/packet counter from the Alice-Damian relationship
 > and get a seqno from the Alice-Bob relationship.

Yes, that's what I meant. One minor detail does not look correct at the end: authenticity relation is one-way (from Alice to whom it may concern). The good news is that "belt and braces" approach does not require a 100% exact problem statement so it should be fine (you are welcome to prove this wrong) both to cover the destination address by the integrity check _and_ to make the Address field in the IHU TLV mandatory.

As a side comment, one thing that your description makes easier to notice is as follows. Given a [strictly increasing, per-interface] TS/PC number with no gaps between the values, some of the values may be spent on Tx multicast and the others -- on Tx unicast. From the point of view of a multicast-only or unicast-only receiving speaker, the number will remain strictly increasing but there will be gaps between the values. Which is going to work as originally intended in both the old and the new sections of 7298-bis -- the added complexity of Hello seqno tracking does not spill into the TS/PC number tracking. Right?

 > The attack stems from the fact that packets can be replayed with a falsified destination address.
 > The simplest fix is to have the destination address as part of the inputs to the HMAC function.

Yes.

 > Here is a proposal: we replace the current construct where the IPv6 source address is written into the HMAC field before HMAC
 > with a different construct akin to the TCP pseudo-header: we set the HMAC field to all zeroes and prepend the source and
 > destination IP addresses to the Babel payload before computing the HMAC. This is simpler and does not require us to place requirements
 > on the size of the HMAC output.

Yes. RFC 7298 specifies the overlay construct for consistency reasons (i.e. the intent was to do things differently only if there was a good reason for that).

-- 

    Denis Ovsienko





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Subject: Re: [babel] Work to do (IHU TLV AE 0)
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> On Apr 3, 2018, at 17:20, Denis Ovsienko <denis@ovsienko.info> wrote:
> 
> Yes, that's what I meant. One minor detail does not look correct at the end: authenticity relation is one-way (from Alice to whom it may concern). The good news is that "belt and braces" approach does not require a 100% exact problem statement so it should be fine (you are welcome to prove this wrong) both to cover the destination address by the integrity check _and_ to make the Address field in the IHU TLV mandatory.

I am opposed to making the IHU TLV address mandatory, as it increases packet size.
Adding the destination address to the inputs to the HMAC does not increase the number of bytes transmitted.

> As a side comment, one thing that your description makes easier to notice is as follows. Given a [strictly increasing, per-interface] TS/PC number with no gaps between the values, some of the values may be spent on Tx multicast and the others -- on Tx unicast. From the point of view of a multicast-only or unicast-only receiving speaker, the number will remain strictly increasing but there will be gaps between the values. Which is going to work as originally intended in both the old and the new sections of 7298-bis -- the added complexity of Hello seqno tracking does not spill into the TS/PC number tracking. Right?

Gaps are expected in the presence of packet loss, as long as TS/PC doesn't wrap around too quickly we should be fine.
Hello seqno gaps impact the cost computation, TS/PC gaps should not impact anything.

David

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<html><head><meta http-equiv=3D"Content-Type" content=3D"text/html; =
charset=3Dus-ascii"></head><body style=3D"word-wrap: break-word; =
-webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=3D""><br =
class=3D""><div><blockquote type=3D"cite" class=3D""><div class=3D"">On =
Apr 3, 2018, at 17:20, Denis Ovsienko &lt;<a =
href=3D"mailto:denis@ovsienko.info" class=3D"">denis@ovsienko.info</a>&gt;=
 wrote:</div><div class=3D""><br style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; =
font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; =
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; =
text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; =
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; =
font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; =
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: =
normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; =
display: inline !important;" class=3D"">Yes, that's what I meant. One =
minor detail does not look correct at the end: authenticity relation is =
one-way (from Alice to whom it may concern). The good news is that "belt =
and braces" approach does not require a 100% exact problem statement so =
it should be fine (you are welcome to prove this wrong) both to cover =
the destination address by the integrity check _and_ to make the Address =
field in the IHU TLV mandatory.</span><br style=3D"font-family: =
Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: =
normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; =
text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; =
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" =
class=3D""></div></blockquote><div><br class=3D""></div><div>I am =
opposed to making the IHU TLV address mandatory, as it increases packet =
size.</div><div>Adding the destination address to the inputs to the HMAC =
does not increase the number of bytes transmitted.</div><br =
class=3D""><blockquote type=3D"cite" class=3D""><div class=3D""><span =
style=3D"font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; =
font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; =
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: =
normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; float: none; =
display: inline !important;" class=3D"">As a side comment, one thing =
that your description makes easier to notice is as follows. Given a =
[strictly increasing, per-interface] TS/PC number with no gaps between =
the values, some of the values may be spent on Tx multicast and the =
others -- on Tx unicast. =46rom the point of view of a multicast-only or =
unicast-only receiving speaker, the number will remain strictly =
increasing but there will be gaps between the values. Which is going to =
work as originally intended in both the old and the new sections of =
7298-bis -- the added complexity of Hello seqno tracking does not spill =
into the TS/PC number tracking. Right?</span><br style=3D"font-family: =
Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: =
normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; =
text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; =
word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" =
class=3D""></div></blockquote><div><br class=3D""></div><div>Gaps are =
expected in the presence of packet loss, as long as TS/PC doesn't wrap =
around too quickly we should be fine.</div><div>Hello seqno gaps impact =
the cost computation, TS/PC gaps should not impact =
anything.</div></div><br class=3D""><div =
class=3D"">David</div></body></html>=

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Date: Wed, 04 Apr 2018 01:58:28 +0100
From: Denis Ovsienko <denis@ovsienko.info>
To: "Babel at IETF" <babel@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [babel] Comments about rfc7298bis
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---- On Fri, 30 Mar 2018 20:37:32 +0100 Juliusz Chroboczek<jch@irif.fr> wro=
te ----=20
 > Dear all,=20
 > =20
 > The following is a summary of discussions that I've had with David=20
 > Schinazi, Clara D=C3=B4, and Weronika Ko=C5=82odziejak.  I'm no longer s=
ure who made=20
 > which comment, so I'll just summarise the discussion.=20
 > =20
 > 1. We still don't have a clear and concise description of the attack=20
 > against 7298.  That would be helpful, especially if we are meant to work=
=20
 > together.=20

Let me remind, the most illustrated description so far is in the IETF 97 wo=
rking group meeting materials.

 > 2. The procedure that consists in putting the source IP into the HMAC=20
 > field before hashing is bizarre.  A more straightforward solution would =
be=20
 > to prepend the source IP to the whole Babel packet, similarly to the TCP=
=20
 > pseudo-header.  Note that this does not break the ability to have multip=
le=20
 > HMACs.=20

Yes, fine.

 > 3. I think it is necessary to protect the destination IP in addition to=
=20
 > the source IP.  This prevents some pretty obvious attacks against IHU, A=
ck=20
 > and Unicast Hello TLVs, and might in the future prevent attacks against=
=20
 > extensions.=20

Yes, fine.

 > 4. For clarity, the TC/PC sub-TLV should be renamed to TC/PC Echo.=20

Clarity is important. Could also be "My TS/PC" for the TLV and "Your TS/PC"=
 for the sub-TLV if that reads better.

 > 5. It's not clear to me what happens when a diskless clock-less node=20
 > reboots and loses its sequence number.  I'm sure it's described somewher=
e=20
 > in the document, please point me at the right place.=20

Section 5.1 describes it, you are referring to item (a), which is the worst=
 implementation case. The 2nd paragraph of Section 3.7 clarifies the conseq=
uences.

(All references for the -00 revision of the 7298bis I-D.)

 > 6. I'm not sure that the IHU TLV is the right place to put the TC/PC=20
 > echo -- what about putting it in a sub-TLV of TC/PC itself?=20

IHU is the right place as it means: "I have heard you, X, and _your_ last v=
alid TS/PC from my point of view was Y". Y is specific to X, and a Babel pa=
cket can contain IHUs for more than one X.

 > 7. What's the fragmentation procedure when the whole set of TC/PC echos=
=20
 > exceeds the size of a packet?=20

As far as I understand it, the behaviour should be the same as it is withou=
t the security mechanism, except the additional margin discussed in Section=
 6.2 (which now has to upgrade the formula to account for the new sub-TLV).=
 Does this look right?

--=20

    Denis Ovsienko





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Date: Wed, 04 Apr 2018 22:20:53 +0200
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Subject: Re: [babel] Comments about rfc7298bis
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>> 1. We still don't have a clear and concise description of the attack 
>> against 7298.  That would be helpful, especially if we are meant to work 
>> together. 

> Let me remind, the most illustrated description so far is in the IETF 97
> working group meeting materials.

Denis, we'd really need something concise.  Do you think you could write
it up in one page (60 lines)?

>> 7. What's the fragmentation procedure when the whole set of TC/PC echos 
>> exceeds the size of a packet? 

> As far as I understand it, the behaviour should be the same as it is
> without the security mechanism, except the additional margin discussed
> in Section 6.2 (which now has to upgrade the formula to account for the
> new sub-TLV). Does this look right?

What happens if the number of neighbours is so large that the complete set
of TC/PC echos does not fit in a full-size packet?

-- Juliusz


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From: Denis Ovsienko <denis@ovsienko.info>
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Subject: Re: [babel] Comments about rfc7298bis
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---- On Wed, 04 Apr 2018 21:20:53 +0100 Juliusz Chroboczek  wrote ---- 
>>> 1. We still don't have a clear and concise description of the attack 
>>> against 7298. That would be helpful, especially if we are meant to work 
>>> together. 
> 
>> Let me remind, the most illustrated description so far is in the IETF 97 
>> working group meeting materials. 
> 
>Denis, we'd really need something concise. Do you think you could write 
>it up in one page (60 lines)? 

The matter is, you have already seen a few versions of the problem statement, of assorted brevity. That did not work and I would like to understand why. Which ones have you read and tried to understand? What specifically did you understand? What specifically you did not understand and why?

>>> 7. What's the fragmentation procedure when the whole set of TC/PC echos 
>>> exceeds the size of a packet? 
> 
>> As far as I understand it, the behaviour should be the same as it is 
>> without the security mechanism, except the additional margin discussed 
>> in Section 6.2 (which now has to upgrade the formula to account for the 
>> new sub-TLV). Does this look right? 
> 
>What happens if the number of neighbours is so large that the complete set 
>of TC/PC echos does not fit in a full-size packet? 

The same thing happens as if there is no authentication at all and the number of neighbours is so large that the complete set of IHU TLVs does not fit. The existence and handling of the threshold are not specific to 7298bis, which only amends its exact value. And the term is "TS/PC".

-- 

    Denis Ovsienko





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>> What happens if the number of neighbours is so large that the complete set 
>> of TC/PC echos does not fit in a full-size packet? 

> The same thing happens as if there is no authentication at all and the
> number of neighbours is so large that the complete set of IHU TLVs does
> not fit.

I'm not sure I understand.  The set of IHUs can be easily split across
multiple packets -- the absence of an IHU does not imply that the
neighbour has been dropped.  If I understand correctly (correct me if I'm
wrong), your draft requires sneding the full set of IHU+TC/PC echo in
a single packet.  If I'm right, then a mechanism is needed to deal with
overflow, no?

-- Juliusz


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Subject: Re: [babel] Comments about rfc7298bis
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> On Apr 5, 2018, at 06:37, Denis Ovsienko <denis@ovsienko.info> wrote:
> 
> ---- On Wed, 04 Apr 2018 21:20:53 +0100 Juliusz Chroboczek  wrote ---- 
>> 
>> Denis, we'd really need something concise. Do you think you could write 
>> it up in one page (60 lines)? 
> 
> The matter is, you have already seen a few versions of the problem statement, of assorted brevity. That did not work and I would like to understand why. Which ones have you read and tried to understand? What specifically did you understand? What specifically you did not understand and why?

Hi Denis,

I was trying to refresh my memory on this attack and was not able to find a concise description.
I have read everything I could find on the topic and I have understood everything I read,
but having a short summary would be very helpful to the community.
Maybe that already exists and I have just failed to find it, in which case could you point me to it please?

Thanks,
David


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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Babel routing protocol WG of the IETF.

        Title           : Applicability of the Babel routing protocol
        Author          : Juliusz Chroboczek
	Filename        : draft-ietf-babel-applicability-02.txt
	Pages           : 9
	Date            : 2018-04-05

Abstract:
   Where we argue that although OSPF and IS-IS are fine protocols, there
   exists a space where the Babel routing protocol (RFC 6126bis) can be
   useful.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-babel-applicability/

There are also htmlized versions available at:
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https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-babel-applicability-02

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> 	Filename        : draft-ietf-babel-applicability-02.txt

Expanded the introduction (it's now four pages long, half the document),
removed Section 3 (now redundant).  It's been barely read, I'll sleep over
it then work on -03.

Please read it in your copious free time, and let me know if the tone is
right, and whether I forgot anything.

-- Juliusz


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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Babel routing protocol WG of the IETF.

        Title           : Babel Information Model
        Author          : Barbara Stark
	Filename        : draft-ietf-babel-information-model-02.txt
	Pages           : 16
	Date            : 2018-04-05

Abstract:
   This Babel Information Model can be used to create data models under
   various data modeling regimes (e.g., YANG).  It allows a Babel
   implementation (via a management protocol such as netconf) to report
   on its current state and may allow some limited configuration of
   protocol constants.


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From: "STARK, BARBARA H" <bs7652@att.com>
To: "babel@ietf.org" <babel@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [babel] I-D Action: draft-ietf-babel-information-model-02.txt
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I think this information model is ready to be reviewed by Those Who Volunte=
ered. I have quite a collection of items to think about at the end of the d=
raft.
Barbara

> -----Original Message-----
> Subject: [babel] I-D Action: draft-ietf-babel-information-model-02.txt
>=20
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts direct=
ories.
> This draft is a work item of the Babel routing protocol WG of the IETF.
>=20
>         Title           : Babel Information Model
>         Author          : Barbara Stark
> 	Filename        : draft-ietf-babel-information-model-02.txt
> 	Pages           : 16
> 	Date            : 2018-04-05
>=20
> Abstract:
>    This Babel Information Model can be used to create data models under
>    various data modeling regimes (e.g., YANG).  It allows a Babel
>    implementation (via a management protocol such as netconf) to report
>    on its current state and may allow some limited configuration of
>    protocol constants.


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Date: Fri, 06 Apr 2018 02:23:22 +0200
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From: Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@irif.fr>
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Subject: Re: [babel] I-D Action: draft-ietf-babel-information-model-02.txt
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Thanks, Barbara.  I haven't checked the security bits, but the rest looks
fine to me.  A few minor nits.

   Due to the simplicity of the Babel protocol and the fact that it is
   designed to be used in non-professionally administered environments
   (such as home networks)

Please don't say that -- Babel is a general-purpose routing protocol that
is designed to survive where other protocols die.  In particular, it can
survive in the hostile Home Network environment, but I'd like to avoid
restricting it to that case.  I suggest removing the bit from "and the
fact" up to the closing paranthesis.

      babel-supported-link-types: set of values of supported link types
      where the following enumeration values MUST be supported: 1 =
      wireless, 2 = physical-layer ethernet, 99 = other

I'd prefer this to be a list of strings, with possible values "wired",
"wireless", "tunnel" and "other".

> 3.2.  Definition of babel-constants-obj

I don't see a way to find out if this Babel instance is speaking IPv6,
IPv4, or both.  (Toke suggested we dump the IPv4 support, I'm half
inclined to agree.)

> 3.3.  Definition of babel-interfaces-obj

      babel-link-type: indicates the type of link; integer values

Same as above -- I'd prefer this to be a string.

      babel-external-cost: external input to cost of link of this
      interface (need to determine how to express this);MUST be
      configurable if implemented

I suggest "if supported, this is a value that is added to the metrics of
routes learned over this interface".  There's a space missing after the
semicolon.

      babel-neighbors: a set of babel-neighbors objects

There's a "u" missing ;-)

> 3.4.  Definition of babel-neighbors-obj

      babel-hello-mcast-history: the multicast Hello history of whether
      or not each of the 16 multicast Hello messages prior to babel-
      hello-seqno was received; represented as a 16 bit (4 hex digits)
      value where 1 = Hello received and 0 = Hello not received; see
      draft-ietf-babel-rfc6126bis [rfc6126bis] section A.1

You need to specify the endiannness of this bitstring.  The reference
implementation puts the most recent bits at the big-endian end, and shifts
right.

On a related note, shouldn't this be a bit string of an
implementation-defined length?

     babel-hello-seqno: expected Hello sequence number

This needs to be split into "babel-expected-ucast-hello-seqno" and
"babel-expected-mcast-hello-seqno".

> 3.6.  Definition of babel-routes-obj

I think there's a field missing -- the interface over which this route has
been learned.  Alternatively, you could put a reference to the neighbour
from which this route has been learned.

      babel-route-next-hop: the next-hop address of this route; this
      will be empty if this route has no next-hop address

I suggest "if this is empty, the next hop is the address of the neighbour
from which the route has been learnt."

      babel-route-metric: the metric with which this route was
      advertised by the neighbor, or maximum value (infinity) to
      [...]
      babel-route-announced-metric: a calculated metric for this route;
      how the metric is calculated is implementation-specific; either

Have you inverted the two?

Please add "if this is the value 65535, then this route has been retracted
and is temporarily unreachable (see Section 3.5.5 of [RFC6126bis])".

      babel-route-feasible: a boolean flag indicating whether this route
      is known to work; a route that is not feasible will never be
      selected

A boolean flag indicating whether this route is feasible, as defined in
Section 3.5.1 of [RFC6126bis].

   5.   Do we need a registry for the supported security mechanisms?

No.

-- Juliusz


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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Babel routing protocol WG of the IETF.

        Title           : Applicability of the Babel routing protocol
        Author          : Juliusz Chroboczek
	Filename        : draft-ietf-babel-applicability-03.txt
	Pages           : 10
	Date            : 2018-04-07

Abstract:
   Where we argue that, although OSPF and IS-IS are fine protocols,
   there exists a space where the Babel routing protocol (RFC 6126bis)
   is useful.


The IETF datatracker status page for this draft is:
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-ietf-babel-applicability/

There are also htmlized versions available at:
https://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-babel-applicability-03
https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-ietf-babel-applicability-03

A diff from the previous version is available at:
https://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-ietf-babel-applicability-03


Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submission
until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/


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"STARK, BARBARA H" <bs7652@att.com> writes:

> I think this information model is ready to be reviewed by Those Who
> Volunteered. I have quite a collection of items to think about at the
> end of the draft.

Generally looks good! A few comments:

> babel-ucast-hello-interval: the current unicast hello interval in
>      use for this interface

Shouldn't this be per-neighbour?

>      babel-message-log: log entries that have timestamp of a received
>      Babel message and the entire received Babel message, including
>      Ethernet frame and IP headers; an implementation must restrict the
>      size of this log, but how and what size is implementation-specific

A userspace implementation doesn't necessarily have access to the
Ethernet and IP headers.

>      babel-neighbor-ihu-interval: current IHU interval for this
>      neighbor

The IHU interval (i.e. the value put into an IHU TLV) is not necessarily
available; it is perfectly sensible to just store the expiry time.

>      babel-security-supported: list of supported security mechanisms

So every security object contains the entire list of supported security
mechanisms? Until this point I was under the impression that the logic
was one security object per mechanism...

>    1.   babel-interfaces-obj: Juliusz:"This needs further discussion, I
>        fear some of these are implementation details."  [In the absence
>        of discussion, the current model stands.  Note that all but
>        link-type and the neighbors sub-object are optional; if an
>        implementation does not have any of the optional elements then
>        it simply doesn't have them and that's fine.]

The information currently in the draft (apart from the message log), I
also added as debug output in Bird, so I think it makes sense to include
it. I also output current v4/v6 nexthop addresses used for routes
announced over each interface; may be useful to include, since the
mapping from addresses assigned to the interface is not always obvious,
so may be useful to see what a particular implementation picked?

-Toke


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Subject: [babel] Please last call draft-ietf-babel-applicability
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Dear all,

I hereby most humbly request Last Call for draft-ietf-babel-applicability.

-- Juliusz


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Subject: Re: [babel] I-D Action: draft-ietf-babel-information-model-02.txt
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Thanks for writing this, Barbara!

I read -02, and it looks good to me, it reads well. Also I agree with =
Juliusz's and Toke's comments.

Two minor comments:

1) babel-hello-[mu]cast-history is an implementation detail documented =
in an appendix, should it be exposed?
Isn't rxcost/txcost/cost sufficient?

2) Regarding security, should it be possible to pull the private key =
from a router? Is that common practice?

Thanks,
David


> On Apr 7, 2018, at 11:47, Toke H=C3=B8iland-J=C3=B8rgensen =
<toke@toke.dk> wrote:
>=20
> "STARK, BARBARA H" <bs7652@att.com> writes:
>=20
>> I think this information model is ready to be reviewed by Those Who
>> Volunteered. I have quite a collection of items to think about at the
>> end of the draft.
>=20
> Generally looks good! A few comments:
>=20
>> babel-ucast-hello-interval: the current unicast hello interval in
>>     use for this interface
>=20
> Shouldn't this be per-neighbour?
>=20
>>     babel-message-log: log entries that have timestamp of a received
>>     Babel message and the entire received Babel message, including
>>     Ethernet frame and IP headers; an implementation must restrict =
the
>>     size of this log, but how and what size is =
implementation-specific
>=20
> A userspace implementation doesn't necessarily have access to the
> Ethernet and IP headers.
>=20
>>     babel-neighbor-ihu-interval: current IHU interval for this
>>     neighbor
>=20
> The IHU interval (i.e. the value put into an IHU TLV) is not =
necessarily
> available; it is perfectly sensible to just store the expiry time.
>=20
>>     babel-security-supported: list of supported security mechanisms
>=20
> So every security object contains the entire list of supported =
security
> mechanisms? Until this point I was under the impression that the logic
> was one security object per mechanism...
>=20
>>   1.   babel-interfaces-obj: Juliusz:"This needs further discussion, =
I
>>       fear some of these are implementation details."  [In the =
absence
>>       of discussion, the current model stands.  Note that all but
>>       link-type and the neighbors sub-object are optional; if an
>>       implementation does not have any of the optional elements then
>>       it simply doesn't have them and that's fine.]
>=20
> The information currently in the draft (apart from the message log), I
> also added as debug output in Bird, so I think it makes sense to =
include
> it. I also output current v4/v6 nexthop addresses used for routes
> announced over each interface; may be useful to include, since the
> mapping from addresses assigned to the interface is not always =
obvious,
> so may be useful to see what a particular implementation picked?
>=20
> -Toke
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> babel mailing list
> babel@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/babel


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Subject: Re: [babel] Please last call draft-ietf-babel-applicability
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I just read draft-ietf-babel-applicability-03 and I think the document is ready to move forward.
I found it clear and concise.

David


> On Apr 10, 2018, at 07:25, Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@irif.fr> wrote:
> 
> Dear all,
> 
> I hereby most humbly request Last Call for draft-ietf-babel-applicability.
> 
> -- Juliusz
> 
> _______________________________________________
> babel mailing list
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> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/babel


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On 11 Apr 2018, at 2.04, David Schinazi <dschinazi@apple.com> wrote:
> 2) Regarding security, should it be possible to pull the private key =
from a router? Is that common practice?

No. I think what is written in the spec now is good.

In general only public keys should ever go anywhere from a device. Any =
scheme that involves private key distribution is quite a bit less =
secure.

That=E2=80=99s why e.g. certificate (=3D glorified public key) =
enrollment practises involve device making requests with the public key, =
and getting signed one back in return. Similarly, why HSMs and such are =
all the rage (keep your private key on a box you don=E2=80=99t have even =
access to the actual private key, just encryption and decryption =
functions and public key).

As a matter of fact, if one were to use HSM with routing protocol (not =
impossible although I guess it is mostly done nowadays with =
https/ipsec/ssh keys), providing private key would not be possible as =
only public key (and-or certificate) would even be available.

Cheers,

-Markus=


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> 1) babel-hello-[mu]cast-history is an implementation detail documented
> in an appendix, should it be exposed?

It's a useful piece of data when debugging issues with wireless links --
it's easier to understand than the xxcost values.  It's optional in
Barbara's model, so implementations can ignore it if they don't use
a Hello history.

I argue for keeping it (as optional).

-- Juliusz


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--94eb2c098db0c92afc0569925be6
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I went back over draft-ietf-babel-applicability-03 and it's simple and
straightforward.  The documentation of where it will not succeed is well
stated
and useful.

If the chairs are doing a WGLC, count me in as a +1

Tim


On Tue, Apr 10, 2018 at 10:25 AM, Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@irif.fr> wrote:

> Dear all,
>
> I hereby most humbly request Last Call for draft-ietf-babel-applicability.
>
> -- Juliusz
>
> _______________________________________________
> babel mailing list
> babel@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/babel
>

--94eb2c098db0c92afc0569925be6
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<div dir=3D"ltr">I went back over=C2=A0draft-ietf-babel-applicability-03 an=
d it&#39;s simple and straightforward.=C2=A0 The documentation of where it =
will not succeed is well stated=C2=A0<div>and useful. =C2=A0=C2=A0</div><di=
v><br></div><div>If the chairs are doing a WGLC, count me in as a +1</div><=
div><br></div><div>Tim</div><div>=C2=A0</div></div><div class=3D"gmail_extr=
a"><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Tue, Apr 10, 2018 at 10:25 AM, Juliusz=
 Chroboczek <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:jch@irif.fr" target=3D"=
_blank">jch@irif.fr</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quo=
te" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"=
>Dear all,<br>
<br>
I hereby most humbly request Last Call for draft-ietf-babel-<wbr>applicabil=
ity.<br>
<br>
-- Juliusz<br>
<br>
______________________________<wbr>_________________<br>
babel mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:babel@ietf.org">babel@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/babel" rel=3D"noreferrer" =
target=3D"_blank">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/<wbr>listinfo/babel</a><br>
</blockquote></div><br></div>

--94eb2c098db0c92afc0569925be6--


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tjw ietf <tjw.ietf@gmail.com> writes:

> I went back over draft-ietf-babel-applicability-03 and it's simple and
> straightforward. The documentation of where it will not succeed is
> well stated and useful.
>
> If the chairs are doing a WGLC, count me in as a +1

And now I finally got around to re-reading it as well. I agree, and will
add another +1

-Toke


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From: Donald Eastlake <d3e3e3@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 11 Apr 2018 09:42:01 -0400
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To: Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@irif.fr>
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Subject: Re: [babel] Please last call draft-ietf-babel-applicability
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OK, I'll do that.

Thanks,
Donald
===============================
 Donald E. Eastlake 3rd   +1-508-333-2270 (cell)
 155 Beaver Street, Milford, MA 01757 USA
 d3e3e3@gmail.com


On Tue, Apr 10, 2018 at 10:25 AM, Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@irif.fr> wrote:
> Dear all,
>
> I hereby most humbly request Last Call for draft-ietf-babel-applicability.
>
> -- Juliusz


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Subject: [babel] draft-ietf-babel-applicability WG Last Call
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This message starts a two week Working Group Last Call on
draft-ietf-babel-applicability-03.txt. The several endorsements posted
in the last 24 hours will also be considered responses to this call.
:-)

Thanks,
Donald
===============================
 Donald E. Eastlake 3rd   +1-508-333-2270 (cell)
 155 Beaver Street, Milford, MA 01757 USA
 d3e3e3@gmail.com


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Subject: Re: [babel] I-D Action: draft-ietf-babel-information-model-02.txt
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> On Apr 10, 2018, at 21:05, Markus Stenberg <markus.stenberg@iki.fi> =
wrote:
>=20
> On 11 Apr 2018, at 2.04, David Schinazi <dschinazi@apple.com> wrote:
>> 2) Regarding security, should it be possible to pull the private key =
from a router? Is that common practice?
>=20
> No. I think what is written in the spec now is good.
>=20
> In general only public keys should ever go anywhere from a device. Any =
scheme that involves private key distribution is quite a bit less =
secure.
>=20
> That=E2=80=99s why e.g. certificate (=3D glorified public key) =
enrollment practises involve device making requests with the public key, =
and getting signed one back in return. Similarly, why HSMs and such are =
all the rage (keep your private key on a box you don=E2=80=99t have even =
access to the actual private key, just encryption and decryption =
functions and public key).
>=20
> As a matter of fact, if one were to use HSM with routing protocol (not =
impossible although I guess it is mostly done nowadays with =
https/ipsec/ssh keys), providing private key would not be possible as =
only public key (and-or certificate) would even be available.

To clarify, I entirely agree with you - I think we should NOT allow =
extracting the private key. But my incorrect understanding of the doc =
was that it allowed grabbing them. I just reread it and agree that I =
does not allow it, only addition and deletion.

David=


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> On Apr 11, 2018, at 05:50, Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@irif.fr> wrote:
> 
>> 1) babel-hello-[mu]cast-history is an implementation detail documented
>> in an appendix, should it be exposed?
> 
> It's a useful piece of data when debugging issues with wireless links --
> it's easier to understand than the xxcost values.  It's optional in
> Barbara's model, so implementations can ignore it if they don't use
> a Hello history.
> 
> I argue for keeping it (as optional).

Fair enough. That works for me.

David


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Subject: Re: [babel] draft-ietf-babel-applicability WG Last Call
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Hi,

Thanks for a balanced assessment of Babel. I have a few minor comments
on the current revision.

Cheers,
Adrian

===

The Abstract could usefully say what this document is and does.
The first paragraph of the introduction might serve.

---

The use of the first person plural is not usual in RFCs largely because
it begs the question of who "we" are. Better to use "This document..."

---

1.1
s/traditional distance-vector protocol/distance-vector protocol/

---

1.1
s/two obvious extensions/two extensions/

---

2.1

Suggest to strike the following.

   Given a sufficiently friendly audience, the principles
   behind Babel can be explained in 15 minutes, and a full description
   of the protocol can be done in 52 minutes (one microcentury).

---

2.1

   While
   Babel is a young protocol, there exist four independent
   implementations, including one that was reportedly written and
   debugged in just two nights.

While an RFC is in some sense a snapshot in time, people will read
this document for years to come. You need to reword this accordingly.

It might also benefit from a citation or two.

---

2.2.

   o  strict monotonicity of the metric: M < C + M;

   o  left-distributivity of the metric: if M <= M', then
      C + M <= C + M'.

These may be true statements, but what are M and C and M' ?

---

2.2
OLD
   in contrast to traditional link-state routing protocols
NEW
   in contrast to link-state routing protocols

---

2.2
   This is in contrast to traditional link-state routing
   protocols such as OSPF [RFC5340] or IS-IS [RFC1195], which are
   layered over a reliable flooding algorithm and make stronger
   requirements on the underlying network and metric.

Are OSPF and IS-IS really layered over a flooding algorithm or do they
incorporate the flooding algorithm?

---

The three examples in 2.2 all say "does most probably not". In principle
this is a reasonable thing to say, but it is subjective. It would be
nice to scope "probably" in some way.

I'm personally a little sceptical about the first example because my
experience suggests that coders are fiendishly capable of constructing
bugs that do all manner of unexpected things.

---

2.3

   Remarkably enough, all of the extensions designed to date
   interoperate with the base protocol and with each other.  This,
   again, is a consequence of the protocol design

Then it is not remarkable, then, is it? :-)

---

2.4.1
    a protocol that relies a reliable transport (such as OSPF, IS-IS

I don't think that either OSPF or IS-IS rely on a reliable transport.
Rather, I think they incorporate mechanisms to mitigate or overcome the
effects of an unreliable network.

---

It might be good to discuss the manageability of the protocol

---

Isn't [RFC6126bs] really a normative reference?

> -----Original Message-----
> From: babel [mailto:babel-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Donald Eastlake
> Sent: 11 April 2018 15:10
> To: Babel at IETF
> Cc: babel-chairs@ietf.org
> Subject: [babel] draft-ietf-babel-applicability WG Last Call
> 
> This message starts a two week Working Group Last Call on
> draft-ietf-babel-applicability-03.txt. The several endorsements posted
> in the last 24 hours will also be considered responses to this call.
> :-)
> 
> Thanks,
> Donald



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Subject: Re: [babel] draft-ietf-babel-applicability WG Last Call
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Thanks for your comments, Adrian.  I'll give myself a few days to think
them over.

> Suggest to strike the following.

>    Given a sufficiently friendly audience, the principles
>    behind Babel can be explained in 15 minutes, and a full description
>    of the protocol can be done in 52 minutes (one microcentury).

Strongly disagree.  Comprehensibility and implementability are important
properties of Babel (second only to the fact that it works).  I'm open to
rewording if you find the current wording overly whimsical.

> I'm personally a little sceptical about the first example [in Section
> 2.2] because my experience suggests that coders are fiendishly capable
> of constructing bugs that do all manner of unexpected things.

This is based on actual experience.  I'll try to reword it, but I stand by
my claim.

For example, an early version of babeld had a bug that randomly corrupted
buffers; with high probability, the corruption happened within an IPv6
address, so nodes would simply learn spurious host routes that would time
out after a few seconds.  (It took us ages to find the bug, in the
meantime we were running with a network populated with occasional
"martians".)

Another example: I've recently introduced a bug in the sending of
triggered updates (fixed in 1.8.1).  The effect was that convergence was
slowed down in some cases, until the next periodic update, but the
loop-avoidance mechanisms were still functional, so not much harm happened.

I'll think about how to reword it, perhaps summarising the two examples
above might be useful.

-- Juliusz


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Date: Thu, 12 Apr 2018 20:08:01 +0200
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From: Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@irif.fr>
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Archived-At: <https://mailarchive.ietf.org/arch/msg/babel/MkB33lTahIfrdmuaVgOywMN-WR4>
Subject: Re: [babel] draft-ietf-babel-applicability WG Last Call
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> Isn't [RFC6126bs] really a normative reference?

Donald, please advise.

-- Juliusz


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Subject: Re: [babel] draft-ietf-babel-applicability WG Last Call
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> > Suggest to strike the following.
> 
> >    Given a sufficiently friendly audience, the principles
> >    behind Babel can be explained in 15 minutes, and a full description
> >    of the protocol can be done in 52 minutes (one microcentury).
> 
> Strongly disagree.  Comprehensibility and implementability are important
> properties of Babel (second only to the fact that it works).  I'm open to
> rewording if you find the current wording overly whimsical.

How about...

Babel is easily comprehensible and implementable. The principles behind Babel
can be quickly explained, and a full description of the protocol takes just 48
pages in [RFC6126bis].

> > I'm personally a little sceptical about the first example [in Section
> > 2.2] because my experience suggests that coders are fiendishly capable
> > of constructing bugs that do all manner of unexpected things.
> 
> This is based on actual experience.  I'll try to reword it, but I stand by
> my claim.
> 
> For example, an early version of babeld had a bug that randomly corrupted
> buffers; with high probability, the corruption happened within an IPv6
> address, so nodes would simply learn spurious host routes that would time
> out after a few seconds.  (It took us ages to find the bug, in the
> meantime we were running with a network populated with occasional
> "martians".)
> 
> Another example: I've recently introduced a bug in the sending of
> triggered updates (fixed in 1.8.1).  The effect was that convergence was
> slowed down in some cases, until the next periodic update, but the
> loop-avoidance mechanisms were still functional, so not much harm happened.
> 
> I'll think about how to reword it, perhaps summarising the two examples
> above might be useful.

OK. Maybe saying that "The protocol is robust against bugs such as buffer
corruption, message loss, and timer disruption" would cover it?

Cheers,
Adrian


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--94eb2c115f607862090569b6a732
Content-Type: text/plain; charset="UTF-8"

On Thu, Apr 12, 2018 at 11:10 PM Adrian Farrel <adrian@olddog.co.uk> wrote:

> > > Suggest to strike the following.
> >
> > >    Given a sufficiently friendly audience, the principles
> > >    behind Babel can be explained in 15 minutes, and a full description
> > >    of the protocol can be done in 52 minutes (one microcentury).
> >
> > Strongly disagree.  Comprehensibility and implementability are important
> > properties of Babel (second only to the fact that it works).  I'm open to
> > rewording if you find the current wording overly whimsical.
>
> How about...
>
> Babel is easily comprehensible and implementable. The principles behind
> Babel
> can be quickly explained, and a full description of the protocol takes
> just 48
> pages in [RFC6126bis].
>

This is less whimsical (which is good) but it loses the important aspect of
being precise (that you advocate for in other comments). I'd suggest
something along the lines of:

Babel is easily comprehensible and implementable. The principles behind
Babel have been explained in under-an-hour talks to varied audiences, and a
full description of the protocol takes just 48 pages in [RFC6126bis].

Gabriel

--94eb2c115f607862090569b6a732
Content-Type: text/html; charset="UTF-8"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div class=3D"gmail_quote"><div dir=3D"ltr">On Thu, Apr 12=
, 2018 at 11:10 PM Adrian Farrel &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:adrian@olddog.co.uk"=
>adrian@olddog.co.uk</a>&gt; wrote:<br></div><blockquote class=3D"gmail_quo=
te" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204=
);padding-left:1ex">&gt; &gt; Suggest to strike the following.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; &gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 Given a sufficiently friendly audience, the principl=
es<br>
&gt; &gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 behind Babel can be explained in 15 minutes, and a f=
ull description<br>
&gt; &gt;=C2=A0 =C2=A0 of the protocol can be done in 52 minutes (one micro=
century).<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Strongly disagree.=C2=A0 Comprehensibility and implementability are im=
portant<br>
&gt; properties of Babel (second only to the fact that it works).=C2=A0 I&#=
39;m open to<br>
&gt; rewording if you find the current wording overly whimsical.<br>
<br>
How about...<br>
<br>
Babel is easily comprehensible and implementable. The principles behind Bab=
el<br>
can be quickly explained, and a full description of the protocol takes just=
 48<br>
pages in [RFC6126bis].<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>This is less whi=
msical (which is good) but it loses the important aspect of being precise (=
that you advocate for in other comments). I&#39;d suggest something along t=
he lines of:</div><div><br></div><div><div>Babel is easily comprehensible a=
nd implementable. The principles behind Babel have been explained in under-=
an-hour talks to varied audiences, and a full description of the protocol t=
akes just 48 pages in [RFC6126bis].</div></div><div><br></div><div>Gabriel<=
/div></div></div>

--94eb2c115f607862090569b6a732--


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Reviewer: Mehmet Ersue
Review result: Has Nits

I have reviewed this document as part of the Operational directorate's
ongoing effort to review all IETF documents being processed by the IESG.  These
comments were written with the intent of improving the operational aspects of
the IETF drafts. Comments that are not addressed in last call may be included
in AD reviews during the IESG review.  Document editors and WG chairs should
treat these comments just like any other last call comments.

Intended status: Standards Track
Current IESG state: ID exists
Obsoletes: 6126,7557

Summary:
The document defines the Babel Routing Protocol originally defined in
experimental RFCs 6116 and 7557.

The abstract in this draft is a copy from the abstract of RFC 6116 and is a
generic statement on "Babel". IMO the abstract should state explicitly that
this draft defines the "Babel Routing Protocol" and replaces/obsoletes the RFCs
6116 and 7557.

There are following additional nits in the document:
== There are 1 instance of lines with multicast IPv4 addresses in the document.
 If these are generic example addresses, they should be changed to use the
233.252.0.x range defined in RFC 5771 == The document seems to use 'NOT
RECOMMENDED' as an RFC 2119 keyword, but does not include the phrase in its RFC
2119 key words list. ** Obsolete normative reference: RFC 5226 (Obsoleted by
RFC 8126)

IANA Considerations have to be reviewwed from IANA.
Security Considerations should refer to the discussion in RFC 6126.

The document does not cause any issues related to operations and management.

Regards,
Mehmet


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Date: Fri, 20 Apr 2018 19:35:02 +0200
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From: Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@irif.fr>
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Dear Mehmet,

> Reviewer: Mehmet Ersue
> Review result: Has Nits

Thanks for your review.  It will take me a few days to find the time to
produce a new revision.

> == There are 1 instance of lines with multicast IPv4 addresses in the document.
>  If these are generic example addresses, they should be changed to use the
> 233.252.0.x range defined in RFC 5771

If you are referring to Section 5, then this is the address assigned by
IANA to the protocol.  If you are referring to something else, I'd appreciate
a clarification.

Thanks,

-- Juliusz Chroboczek


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From: "Mehmet Ersue" <mersue@gmail.com>
To: "'Juliusz Chroboczek'" <jch@irif.fr>
Cc: <ops-dir@ietf.org>, <draft-ietf-babel-rfc6126bis.all@ietf.org>, <babel@ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [babel] Opsdir early review of draft-ietf-babel-rfc6126bis-04
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Hi Juliusz,

I just reflected what the nit checker lists.
As I understand this is no issue.

Cheers,
Mehmet

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@irif.fr>
> Sent: Friday, April 20, 2018 6:35 PM
> To: Mehmet Ersue <mersue@gmail.com>
> Cc: ops-dir@ietf.org; draft-ietf-babel-rfc6126bis.all@ietf.org;
babel@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: Opsdir early review of draft-ietf-babel-rfc6126bis-04
> 
> Dear Mehmet,
> 
> > Reviewer: Mehmet Ersue
> > Review result: Has Nits
> 
> Thanks for your review.  It will take me a few days to find the time to
> produce a new revision.
> 
> > == There are 1 instance of lines with multicast IPv4 addresses in the
> document.
> >  If these are generic example addresses, they should be changed to use
> > the 233.252.0.x range defined in RFC 5771
> 
> If you are referring to Section 5, then this is the address assigned by
IANA to
> the protocol.  If you are referring to something else, I'd appreciate a
> clarification.
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> -- Juliusz Chroboczek


From nobody Mon Apr 30 04:22:18 2018
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Subject: [babel] Restarting nodes and seqno requests
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I was debugging an issue with routes staying unreachable for a long time
after a node reboots; and decided I wasn't actually sure what the right
behaviour is, so I thought I'd ask.

So, the simple scenario is this:

- Babel nodes A and B have established a neighbour relationship, and node
  B announces prefix P with seqno S.

- Node B restarts (i.e. shuts down, loses its transient state such as
  seqnos and comes back up either immediately or after a relatively
  short time). It will then start announcing prefix P again, but now
  with seqno S' < S.

- Node A sees the new announcements from node B with a lower seqno.
  Since the hold time for P has not expired, these updates are
  unfeasible, so node A sends a seqno request.

- Node B updates its seqno to S'' = S' + 1 and resends the update.

- In many cases, S'' < S, so the update is still unfeasible from A's
  point of view.

The question is, how is this supposed to be resolved? Should A keep
resending the seqno requests each time it gets a new unfeasible update -
and if so, is there any limit to the frequency? Or should A immediately
consider the update with seqno S' as feasible because its selected route
has metric infinity?

I *think* the answer is the former (and that no rate limit is needed),
but I may be missing a reason why it is safe to accept the unfeasible
update during hold time... So what does everyone else think? :)

-Toke


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From: Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@irif.fr>
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> - Node B restarts (i.e. shuts down, loses its transient state such as
>   seqnos and comes back up either immediately or after a relatively
>   short time). It will then start announcing prefix P again, but now
>   with seqno S' < S [which is unfeasible for A].

Yes.  The loop avoidance mechanism in Babel is stateful (the source table
contains the state), and if you loose your state, you're in trouble.  That
is why babeld saves its seqno into persistent storage at shutdown and
restores it at startup.

If the seqno is lost (either because a node has crashed or because you
have no persistent storage), then you need to timeout the source table entry:

  - first, the route times out, so its metric becomes infinite;
  - you start sending retractions, and retractions don't update the source
    table;
  - at some point, the source table GC timer triggers, and the source
    entry gets updated.

Note that the total time you wait for the route to become feasible again
is the sum of the route hold time and the source GC time, so its on the
order of a few minutes -- Babel is optimised for the case where links go
up and down, but routers do not reboot often.  If that's not acceptable,
you can work around the issue by changing router ids at every boot, so
that the old and new state don't interact.  Babeld implements this with
the "random-id" option, and it is useful in environments where routers
reboot oftent without saving their seqno.

> The question is, how is this supposed to be resolved?

There's no good solution.  The loop avoidance mechanism is stateful, and
that's a fact of nature.  (BGP avoids the statefulness by putting the
whole state into each update, which causes updates to have an unbounded
size.)

If you have an idea for a good mechanism to avoid the issue, I'm listening.

> Should A keep resending the seqno requests each time it gets a new
> unfeasible update - and if so, is there any limit to the frequency?

Only the usual delay on sending out updates (Section 4, "a Babel node
SHOULD buffer every TLV and delay sending a packet by a small, randomly
chosen delay").  Is that a problem in practice?

> Or should A immediately consider the update with seqno S' as feasible
> because its selected route has metric infinity?

As you mentioned, that would be unsafe.  Consider the following topology:

  ::0 --- A --- B

A loses its Internet connection, so it sets the metric of its selected
route to infinity.  Before it sends a retraction, it receives an
unfeasible update from B (with router-id A) -- routing loop.

-- Juliusz




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Subject: Re: [babel] Restarting nodes and seqno requests
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Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@irif.fr> writes:

>> - Node B restarts (i.e. shuts down, loses its transient state such as
>>   seqnos and comes back up either immediately or after a relatively
>>   short time). It will then start announcing prefix P again, but now
>>   with seqno S' < S [which is unfeasible for A].
>
> Yes.  The loop avoidance mechanism in Babel is stateful (the source table
> contains the state), and if you loose your state, you're in trouble.  That
> is why babeld saves its seqno into persistent storage at shutdown and
> restores it at startup.
>
> If the seqno is lost (either because a node has crashed or because you
> have no persistent storage), then you need to timeout the source table entry:
>
>   - first, the route times out, so its metric becomes infinite;
>   - you start sending retractions, and retractions don't update the source
>     table;
>   - at some point, the source table GC timer triggers, and the source
>     entry gets updated.
>
> Note that the total time you wait for the route to become feasible again
> is the sum of the route hold time and the source GC time, so its on the
> order of a few minutes -- Babel is optimised for the case where links go
> up and down, but routers do not reboot often.  If that's not acceptable,
> you can work around the issue by changing router ids at every boot, so
> that the old and new state don't interact.  Babeld implements this with
> the "random-id" option, and it is useful in environments where routers
> reboot oftent without saving their seqno.

Right, that's what I thought. I don't think there's a good way to store
persistent state in Bird, but it may be possible to try harder to do
graceful restarts... I'll look into the options.

>> The question is, how is this supposed to be resolved?
>
> There's no good solution.  The loop avoidance mechanism is stateful, and
> that's a fact of nature.  (BGP avoids the statefulness by putting the
> whole state into each update, which causes updates to have an unbounded
> size.)
>
> If you have an idea for a good mechanism to avoid the issue, I'm
> listening.

Not off the top off my head..

>> Should A keep resending the seqno requests each time it gets a new
>> unfeasible update - and if so, is there any limit to the frequency?
>
> Only the usual delay on sending out updates (Section 4, "a Babel node
> SHOULD buffer every TLV and delay sending a packet by a small,
> randomly chosen delay"). Is that a problem in practice?

No, don't think so, it's just an implementation issue: Bird currently
won't resend the same request until it expires after two seconds. So
when the triggered update arrives with S'' (that is still too low), it
won't ask for another seqno increase. But that is a straight-forward
fix, and with that it converges reasonably quickly (as long as the seqno
is not too high I guess...)

>> Or should A immediately consider the update with seqno S' as feasible
>> because its selected route has metric infinity?
>
> As you mentioned, that would be unsafe.  Consider the following topology:
>
>   ::0 --- A --- B
>
> A loses its Internet connection, so it sets the metric of its selected
> route to infinity.  Before it sends a retraction, it receives an
> unfeasible update from B (with router-id A) -- routing loop.

Right, thought so :)

-Toke


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Subject: Re: [babel] Restarting nodes and seqno requests
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> No, don't think so, it's just an implementation issue: Bird currently
> won't resend the same request until it expires after two seconds. So
> when the triggered update arrives with S'' (that is still too low), it
> won't ask for another seqno increase. But that is a straight-forward
> fix, and with that it converges reasonably quickly (as long as the seqno
> is not too high I guess...)

Not sure about that -- it will cause extra background traffic, which may
have unintended consequences.  Note that seqnos are 16 bits, so converging
to a feasible seqno takes 16384 packets on average, 32767 worst case.

I'd recommend:

  - add an option for picking a different router-id each time (but
    don't make it the default, since it makes management more difficult
    without stable router-ids);
  - document the issue;
  - bug the BIRD guys about implementing persistent storage; two octets is
    all we're asking for.

Should I document the issue in 6126bis?  I'll definitely add a paragraph
in applicability-statement.

-- Juliusz


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Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@irif.fr> writes:

>> No, don't think so, it's just an implementation issue: Bird currently
>> won't resend the same request until it expires after two seconds. So
>> when the triggered update arrives with S'' (that is still too low), it
>> won't ask for another seqno increase. But that is a straight-forward
>> fix, and with that it converges reasonably quickly (as long as the seqno
>> is not too high I guess...)
>
> Not sure about that -- it will cause extra background traffic, which may
> have unintended consequences.  Note that seqnos are 16 bits, so converging
> to a feasible seqno takes 16384 packets on average, 32767 worst case.

Yeah, suppose that would be quite a bit of traffic...

> I'd recommend:
>
>   - add an option for picking a different router-id each time (but
>     don't make it the default, since it makes management more difficult
>     without stable router-ids);

Hmm, actually, since Bird sets its router ID from an IPv4 address, the
top 32 bits are always zero (for compatibility with the notion of router
ID that Bird uses for other protocols). My implementation of the
randomisation only randomises the top 32 bits, so there's still a stable
identifier. Maybe it would make sense to default to this behaviour?

>   - document the issue;
>   - bug the BIRD guys about implementing persistent storage; two octets is
>     all we're asking for.

Yeah, 16 bits should be enough for everyone, right? ;)

> Should I document the issue in 6126bis?  I'll definitely add a paragraph
> in applicability-statement.

Hmm, documenting it *somewhere* is needed, certainly. Maybe putting it
into 6126bis is a good idea, since I have a nagging suspicion that not
everyone will read the applicability statement before implementing it... ;)

-Toke


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Subject: Re: [babel] Restarting nodes and seqno requests
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>> - add an option for picking a different router-id each time (but
>> don't make it the default, since it makes management more difficult
>> without stable router-ids);

> Hmm, actually, since Bird sets its router ID from an IPv4 address,

What if there's no IPv4 address?  What if two IPv6 routers have the same
IPv4 address (because they're in different NAT domains)?  (FYI, babeld
uses the first MAC address if finds that has the local bit unset, and
falls back to random if no such address is found.)

> My implementation of the randomisation only randomises the top 32 bits,
> so there's still a stable identifier. Maybe it would make sense to
> default to this behaviour?

That would break the optimisation of using the low bits of the IPv6
address to encode the router-id.  Probably not a big deal, except in pure
mesh networks.

I'm not sure how you'd avoid router-id collisions, though.

>> - bug the BIRD guys about implementing persistent storage; two octets is
>>   all we're asking for.

> Yeah, 16 bits should be enough for everyone, right? ;)

You could always encode it in JSON if you want to use more space.

>> Should I document the issue in 6126bis?  I'll definitely add a paragraph
>> in applicability-statement.

> Hmm, documenting it *somewhere* is needed, certainly. Maybe putting it
> into 6126bis is a good idea,

Yeah.  I'll try to find some time to make a new revision tomorrow, if
you'd like to send me a patch, I'd be grateful.  (No promise to keep your
wording, though.)

-- Juliusz


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Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@irif.fr> writes:

>>> - add an option for picking a different router-id each time (but
>>> don't make it the default, since it makes management more difficult
>>> without stable router-ids);
>
>> Hmm, actually, since Bird sets its router ID from an IPv4 address,
>
> What if there's no IPv4 address? What if two IPv6 routers have the
> same IPv4 address (because they're in different NAT domains)? (FYI,
> babeld uses the first MAC address if finds that has the local bit
> unset, and falls back to random if no such address is found.)

Well, usually the router ID is manually configured. If not, it'll be the
lowest IP on a non-loopback interface. I have no idea what happens if
there are none... There is quite a bit more configuration needed to get
a basic babel node running with bird than with babeld in general; you'll
need a couple dozen lines of config...

>> My implementation of the randomisation only randomises the top 32 bits,
>> so there's still a stable identifier. Maybe it would make sense to
>> default to this behaviour?
>
> That would break the optimisation of using the low bits of the IPv6
> address to encode the router-id.

Bird doesn't do that anyway.

> I'm not sure how you'd avoid router-id collisions, though.

By chance? With 32 bits of randomness, even in a moderately sized
network the chance of collision is quite low (which means that it will
not happen until it is the most inconvenient, of course...) :)

>>> - bug the BIRD guys about implementing persistent storage; two octets is
>>>   all we're asking for.
>
>> Yeah, 16 bits should be enough for everyone, right? ;)
>
> You could always encode it in JSON if you want to use more space.

I was actually thinking I should add JSON support to Bird :D

>>> Should I document the issue in 6126bis?  I'll definitely add a paragraph
>>> in applicability-statement.
>
>> Hmm, documenting it *somewhere* is needed, certainly. Maybe putting it
>> into 6126bis is a good idea,
>
> Yeah. I'll try to find some time to make a new revision tomorrow, if
> you'd like to send me a patch, I'd be grateful. (No promise to keep
> your wording, though.)

No promises to send any either ;)

-Toke


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Subject: Re: [babel] Restarting nodes and seqno requests
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>>> My implementation of the randomisation only randomises the top 32 bits,
>>> so there's still a stable identifier. Maybe it would make sense to
>>> default to this behaviour?
>> 
>> That would break the optimisation of using the low bits of the IPv6
>> address to encode the router-id.

> Bird doesn't do that anyway.

That's five lines of code, and saves almost half the traffic in pure IPv6
meshes.

>> I'm not sure how you'd avoid router-id collisions, though.

> By chance? With 32 bits of randomness, even in a moderately sized
> network the chance of collision is quite low (which means that it will
> not happen until it is the most inconvenient, of course...) :)

With 100 nodes, probability of collision is 10^-6.  With 1000 nodes, it's
10^-4.  With 2000 nodes, it's 5*10^-4.  With 5000 nodes, it's 3*10^-3.

I think we're at the very edge of comfort, which is why I chose 64 bits in
the first place.

>> I'll try to find some time to make a new revision tomorrow, if you'd
>> like to send me a patch, I'd be grateful. (No promise to keep your
>> wording, though.)

> No promises to send any either ;)

We have a deal.

-- Juliusz


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Juliusz Chroboczek <jch@irif.fr> writes:

>>>> My implementation of the randomisation only randomises the top 32 bits,
>>>> so there's still a stable identifier. Maybe it would make sense to
>>>> default to this behaviour?
>>> 
>>> That would break the optimisation of using the low bits of the IPv6
>>> address to encode the router-id.
>
>> Bird doesn't do that anyway.
>
> That's five lines of code, and saves almost half the traffic in pure
> IPv6 meshes.

Right, well the reason I didn't include it was that Bird already has a
notion of a router ID (from BGP), which is 32 bits and based on v4
addresses. And it would be breaking assumptions to just override that.

It could conceivably be a switch, though...

>>> I'm not sure how you'd avoid router-id collisions, though.
>
>> By chance? With 32 bits of randomness, even in a moderately sized
>> network the chance of collision is quite low (which means that it will
>> not happen until it is the most inconvenient, of course...) :)
>
> With 100 nodes, probability of collision is 10^-6.  With 1000 nodes, it's
> 10^-4.  With 2000 nodes, it's 5*10^-4.  With 5000 nodes, it's 3*10^-3.
>
> I think we're at the very edge of comfort, which is why I chose 64
> bits in the first place.

Well, the collision domain would not be all nodes, only those with the
same configured router ID (or v4 address absent any configuration).

But yeah, you're not wrong :)


BTW, in the case where there *is* a stable identifier (whether its
EUI-64 or a v4 address), randomising only parts of the router ID would
be a way to keep the stable identifier? For the v4/32 bit case,
randomising the 32 bits is the obvious solution; for EUI-64 you could
just randomise the FFFE part? That way you could gain the reboot support
but still have stable(-ish) identifiers so you could find your node?

-Toke

-Toke

