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From: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
To: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>
Cc: =?iso-8859-1?Q?=D3lafur_Gu=F0mundsson?= /DNSEXT chair <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Draft DNSEXT charter
References: <200905312152.n4VLqAi5055385@givry.fdupont.fr>
Date: Mon, 01 Jun 2009 10:39:12 +0200
In-Reply-To: <200905312152.n4VLqAi5055385@givry.fdupont.fr> (Francis Dupont's message of "Sun, 31 May 2009 23:52:10 +0200")
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* Francis Dupont:

>  In your previous mail you wrote:
>
>    * Francis Dupont:
>    
>    > PS: I am sure you know it is critical to get this published and
>    > implemented before 2010.
>    
>    This time frame is impossible to achieve due to the dependency on
>    NSEC3.
>
> => can you detail? Do you mean it is impossible to get it published
> in time? implemented? Or the issue is begin/end of 2010

Wide deployment is two to three years away.  The NSEC3 upgrade is too
large to put in a point release.  Adding a new cryptographic algorithm
might have been possible.

I don't think this is a technical problem.  (It may be a compliance
issue.)  It just sugests that DNSSEC doesn't offer that much algorithm
agility.

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From: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
Cc: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, Federico Lucifredi <lucifred@post.harvard.edu>, "namedroppers\@ops.ietf.org" <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] DNSCURVE
References: <3efd34cc0905151502u2df6284eid71f8da14fb77ce1@mail.gmail.com> <F023A440-A407-4018-8E8E-4A1FDBD84687@pipe.nl> <20090516000313.GA19843@vacation.karoshi.com.> <D4325305-1565-44C0-81B1-B838BA07CB43@shinkuro.com> <4A0E307D.3060208@acm.org> <4A0EEC5A.2020708@post.harvard.edu> <p0624083cc634abd93ffe@10.20.30.158> <d791b8790905161203x5c7dde81k5330b52c34e1cb55@mail.gmail.com>
Date: Sun, 31 May 2009 10:27:37 +0200
In-Reply-To: <d791b8790905161203x5c7dde81k5330b52c34e1cb55@mail.gmail.com> (Matthew Dempsky's message of "Sat, 16 May 2009 12:03:56 -0700")
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* Matthew Dempsky:

> If you have questions about DNSCurve that are not adequately answered
> by the dnscurve.org web site, then I'll be happy to try to answer them
> here.

How is the cryptographic box created?  I can't find information on
that on the web pages, only the key agreement protocol is described.

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From: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
To: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Cc: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>, Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>, Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: DNSCURVE
References: <F023A440-A407-4018-8E8E-4A1FDBD84687@pipe.nl> <D4325305-1565-44C0-81B1-B838BA07CB43@shinkuro.com> <4A0E307D.3060208@acm.org> <4A0EEC5A.2020708@post.harvard.edu> <p0624083cc634abd93ffe@10.20.30.158> <d791b8790905161203x5c7dde81k5330b52c34e1cb55@mail.gmail.com> <p0624083dc634bf1bc368@10.20.30.158> <d791b8790905161232u56e24a3as53b34d69847ebdaf@mail.gmail.com> <p0624083fc635145bbe89@10.20.30.158> <20090518081043.GC936@nic.fr> <d791b8790905180951h39e45126pb0d5defdf63ae81d@mail.gmail.com> <AD4A2C25-E0AB-4598-AD60-1B2224AF7D92@icsi.berkeley.edu> <p062408b6c637563864c8@[10.20.30.158]> <B1DB66534F664D4C89A6B714@Ximines.local>
Date: Sun, 31 May 2009 10:13:35 +0200
In-Reply-To: <B1DB66534F664D4C89A6B714@Ximines.local> (Alex Bligh's message of "Mon, 18 May 2009 19:44:08 +0100")
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* Alex Bligh:

> But, if I understand it, only one particular ECC scheme
> is specified in DNSCurve (i.e. there is no algorithm agility) and
> we don't have an IPR statement on it (or at least not in the IETF
> required manner).

There is algorithm agility in DNSCurve: You just use a different name
(or label) prefix for a different algorithm.  There's a limit on the
number of bits you can transmit (probably around 600 per name server),
but there's still plenty of room for extensions.

Compare this to DNSSEC, where it takes at least three years to
standardize (not even implement and deploy) a non-controversial hash
function replacement. And there is some sentiment (perhaps not
consensus) in the WG that having more than one signature algorithm in
wide production use is undesirable (or maybe not even technically
feasible).

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cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Draft DNSEXT charter 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri\, 29 May 2009 11\:56\:59 -0400." <200905291557.n4TFv4ek030806@stora.ogud.com> 
References: <200905291557.n4TFv4ek030806@stora.ogud.com> 
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> Date: Fri, 29 May 2009 11:56:59 -0400
> From: =D3lafur Gu=F0mundsson /DNSEXT=20
>  chair <ogud@ogud.com>
>=20
> Milestones are preliminary and will be updated based on WG discussion.
>=20
> Comments please,
> ...
> Milestones:
> Jun  2009  TSIG/MD5 Obsoleting to IESG.
> Jul  2009  AXFR Clarify to IESG
> Sep  2009  EDNS0 Ping Option advanced to IESG
> Oct  2009  Resolver side Forgery Resilience advanced to IESG
> Oct  2009  DNSSEC Errata document to IESG
> Nov  2009  GOST DNSKEY and DS support advanced to IESG
> Dec  2009  ENDS0-bis update advanced to IESG

IMHO, EDNS0 Ping would not add any actual security.  can this be changed to
say something like "Sep 2009 - forgery resilience protocol advanced to IESG"
so that we're open to defining an SCTP transport profile, and we're open to
defining an TKEY-DH + TSIG use profile, and still hit the objective?

btw, i'm looking for co-authors for an DNS over SCTP transport profile doc,
and a TKEY-DH + TSIG use profile doc.  i'll want to get both done in the
first three weeks of july (before blackhat/defcon).  help?


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To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Support for EDSN0 PING 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Mon, 01 Jun 2009 00:24:23 GMT." <44462.1243815863@nsa.vix.com> 
Date: Mon, 01 Jun 2009 10:57:46 +1000
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In message <44462.1243815863@nsa.vix.com>, Paul Vixie writes:
> > From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
> > Date: Mon, 01 Jun 2009 10:04:24 +1000
> > 
> > > >   * extended RCODEs (but I'm not sure about that)
> > 
> > 	extended RCODEs were badly done.  We should have had a basic
> > 	rcode which indicated that there was a extended rcode in the
> > 	OPT record.  Concatentating the bits was a bad idea.
> 
> agreed, but i don't think we'll see a change to this in EDNS1 (or ever.)
> 
> > > > What does not work:
> > > > 
> > > >   * the official fallback algorithm (section 5.3)
> > 
> > 	It actually works quite well 99.999% of the time.  It doesn't
> > 	work when you talk to non RFC 1034 compliant servers or you
> > 	have firewalls that interfere with DNS UDP messages.
> > 
> > 	To work around non-compliant servers and firewalls a second
> > 	fallback algorithm is needed to take into account timeouts.
> 
> maybe a BCP on this would be of general interest to the community?

Perhaps. There is still a open question of whether to fall all
the way back to plain DNS or not.

Fallling back from EDNS@UDP/4096 to EDNS@UDP/512 is relatively
uncontroversial and lets EDNS (and DNSSEC) work with firewalls which
block IP fragments or DNS UDP messages > 512 bytes.

There is still a open question of whether to fall back to plain DNS
or not on timeout as it breaks DNSSEC validation.  If you don't
fallback to plain DNS you break comunication through firewalls that
block all EDNS and you block communication to servers that fail to
respond to EDNS queries which I believe is non RFC 1034 compliant
behaviour.
 
> > > >   * large responses (interoperability problems, DoS amplification)
> > 
> > 	Moving to SCTP won't get rid of the DoS amplification problem
> > 	as we can never stop servicing UDP/53 queries.  BCP 38
> > 	deployment is the best way to stop DoS amplifications.
> 
> BCP38 is even less likely than universal switchover from UDP/53 to SCTP,
> so let's take a fresh look.  SCTP isn't spoofable in the way UDP/53 is,
> so the thing you can get DoS-amp'd with is SCTP setup packets, which are
> small and which could potentially be handled by a hardware front end far
> upstream of protection-worthy servers.
> 
> in other words SCTP is my hope for making secure robust reliable DNS
> connectivity possible for cooperating on-the-ball up-to-date operators,
> because otherwise we've just got UDP/53 (with or without EDNS) and
> TCP/53, neither of which can be made robust or reliable (ever, period).

I'm not objecting to SCTP.  Just the arguement that it will stop
DoS amplification.  It would require a deadline to be published and
enforced for when to cease using UDP for iterative queries.  I'm
assuming that DoS due to recursive queries can be mostly mitigated
via acls, tsig or other methods as I don't believe it is feasible
to replace all the stub resolvers in the next 20 years.  By 2038
we may be able to do it if we can link the replacement with Y2038
compliance.

Mark

-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Cc: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>, "Bart Smit" <bit@pipe.nl>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Support for EDSN0 PING 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Sun, 31 May 2009 16:03:29 GMT." <21190.1243785809@nsa.vix.com> 
Date: Mon, 01 Jun 2009 10:04:24 +1000
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In message <21190.1243785809@nsa.vix.com>, Paul Vixie writes:
> > From: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
> > Date: Sun, 31 May 2009 10:44:33 +0200
> > 
> > * Paul Vixie:
> > 
> > > it's controversial because it only works when it works, and when it
> > > fails, there's no distinction between an attack and a failure.  we were
> > > not idiots back in the old days when EDNS was being crafted.  we knew
> > > we needed a larger QID.  we tried hard to include it.  there's no way
> > > to do it and still properly negotiate EDNS.
> > 
> > But this is not the fault of any extended query ID proposal, it's the
> > fault of EDNS.
> 
> right.
> 
> > DNSCurve shows a fully backwards-compatible way to signal protocol
> > version information to recursive resolvers.
> > 
> > I mean, let's look at what elements of EDNS0 actually work:
> > 
> >   * extended RCODEs (but I'm not sure about that)

	extended RCODEs were badly done.  We should have had a basic
	rcode which indicated that there was a extended rcode in the
	OPT record.  Concatentating the bits was a bad idea.
 
> >   * extended query flags (the DO bit seems pretty interoperable, even
> >     though it's overused, but this is not EDNS0's fault)
> > 
> > What does not work:
> > 
> >   * the official fallback algorithm (section 5.3)

	It actually works quite well 99.999% of the time.  It doesn't
	work when you talk to non RFC 1034 compliant servers or you
	have firewalls that interfere with DNS UDP messages.

	To work around non-compliant servers and firewalls a second
	fallback algorithm is needed to take into account timeouts.

> >   * large responses (interoperability problems, DoS amplification)

	Moving to SCTP won't get rid of the DoS amplification problem
	as we can never stop servicing UDP/53 queries.  BCP 38
	deployment is the best way to stop DoS amplifications.

> >   * extended label types (already officially dead)
> >
> >   * options (a FORMERR/SERVFAIL does not tell you which option caused
> >     the error, making fallback impossible; there is also a significant
> >     non-interoperating server base)
> >
> > I wonder if there should be an actually working EDNS0 replacement
> > which could then be used to implement extended query IDs.
> 
> you forgot "fragmentation is bad".  (dnscurve avoids this with small crypto.)

DNSCurve still requires fragmentation.  Support for 4K UDP buffers messages
is implied with DNSCurve.

> TCP/53 is unusable for queries for a variety of reasons of its own.
> 
> that's why i'm pounding the table for SCTP/53, on which EDNS wouldn't be
> optional, therefore avoiding the fallback problems.  EDNS PING isn't needed
> in SCTP due to SCTP's own transport protection, but if needed it would work,
> since EDNS would not be optional (no fallback problem.)
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
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-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
From: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Draft DNSEXT charter 
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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At 17:24 30/05/2009, Paul Vixie wrote:
> > Date: Fri, 29 May 2009 11:56:59 -0400
> > From: =D3lafur Gu=F0mundsson /DNSEXT
> >  chair <ogud@ogud.com>
> >
> > Milestones are preliminary and will be updated based on WG discussion.
> >
> > Comments please,
> > ...
> > Milestones:
> > Jun  2009  TSIG/MD5 Obsoleting to IESG.
> > Jul  2009  AXFR Clarify to IESG
> > Sep  2009  EDNS0 Ping Option advanced to IESG
> > Oct  2009  Resolver side Forgery Resilience advanced to IESG
> > Oct  2009  DNSSEC Errata document to IESG
> > Nov  2009  GOST DNSKEY and DS support advanced to IESG
> > Dec  2009  ENDS0-bis update advanced to IESG
>
>IMHO, EDNS0 Ping would not add any actual security.  can this be changed to
>say something like "Sep 2009 - forgery resilience protocol advanced to=
 IESG"
>so that we're open to defining an SCTP transport profile, and we're open to
>defining an TKEY-DH + TSIG use profile, and still hit the objective?

This is a good suggestion, but if we open up the space to new transports
I will move this milestone a little back how about:

Dec 2009 Hardening against on-the-wire Forgery advanced to IESG

         Olafur


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun  1 07:56:08 2009
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Date: Mon, 1 Jun 2009 10:51:12 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Draft DNSEXT charter
Message-ID: <20090601145108.GA14798@shinkuro.com>
References: <200905291557.n4TFv4ek030806@stora.ogud.com> <OFC83AB63A.3D52948D-ON802575C5.0063F25D-802575C5.0064272A@nominet.org.uk> <20090529231146.GA13071@vacation.karoshi.com.> <20090530012258.GA13757@shinkuro.com> <20090530042851.GA15364@vacation.karoshi.com.> <p06240854c646fbc91368@[10.20.30.158]> <20090530162831.GA19893@vacation.karoshi.com.>
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On Sat, May 30, 2009 at 04:28:31PM +0000, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:

> > >On Fri, May 29, 2009 at 09:22:58PM -0400, Andrew Sullivan wrote:

> > > > Is there something about the correctness of implementation that is
> > >> different from "clarifications" to the protocol? 
 
> 	thats updating a spec, not doing implementation conformance.

So you seem to be sort of answering the question I asked by saying
that any time one checks implementations, finds that they are all
conforming and yet different in behaviour, and issues a clarification
to pick one behaviour, one changes the specification.  You seem to
think this is ok, and that it is within the purview of the WG.
Correct?

> 	two different implementations of RFC 1034 can follow that spec
> 	correctly and yet not be interoperable.

Do you think that such a case is something we want to fix -- to
disambiguate, thereby decreeing which interpretation of the
apparently-ambiguous RFC is to be the one to use?  If so, do you think
it is work this WG should have under its chartered responsibilities,
or do you think that work should go elsewhere?

Best,

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Support for EDSN0 PING 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 01 Jun 2009 10:57:46 +1000." <200906010057.n510vkFC090344@drugs.dv.isc.org> 
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> From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
> Date: Mon, 01 Jun 2009 10:57:46 +1000
> ...
> > maybe a BCP on this would be of general interest to the community?
> 
> Perhaps. There is still a open question of whether to fall all the way
> back to plain DNS or not.
> 
> Fallling back from EDNS@UDP/4096 to EDNS@UDP/512 is relatively
> uncontroversial and lets EDNS (and DNSSEC) work with firewalls which
> block IP fragments or DNS UDP messages > 512 bytes.
> 
> There is still a open question of whether to fall back to plain DNS or
> not on timeout as it breaks DNSSEC validation.  If you don't fallback to
> plain DNS you break comunication through firewalls that block all EDNS
> and you block communication to servers that fail to respond to EDNS
> queries which I believe is non RFC 1034 compliant behaviour.

it is now long past time to address, dare i say close, these open
questions, and move on.  we need more deployment, and we need all of
the deployers to have all of the protocol intelligence that exists,
and so let's see the knowledge of the early/present deployers shared.

RFC2671bis is on the docket, let's add a whole section about fallback
experiences and recommendations, peer reviewed by this working group
so as to keep out whacky or creative or new ideas, and focus only on
what's been shown/known to work well.

> > in other words SCTP is my hope for making secure robust reliable DNS
> > connectivity possible for cooperating on-the-ball up-to-date operators,
> > because otherwise we've just got UDP/53 (with or without EDNS) and
> > TCP/53, neither of which can be made robust or reliable (ever, period).
> 
> I'm not objecting to SCTP.  Just the arguement that it will stop DoS
> amplification.  It would require a deadline to be published and enforced
> for when to cease using UDP for iterative queries.  I'm assuming that DoS
> due to recursive queries can be mostly mitigated via acls, tsig or other
> methods as I don't believe it is feasible to replace all the stub
> resolvers in the next 20 years.  By 2038 we may be able to do it if we
> can link the replacement with Y2038 compliance.

what i expect will happen is that hardware-assisted forwarding boxes far
upstream of the nameservers will do UDP/53 ingress traffic shaping, like
"no more than 10K QPS per destination IP if it's UDP/53" and that a DoS
against this path will absolutely wipe out UDP/53 just as it does today;
however, cooperating up-to-date operators who have deployed SCTP will be
able to continue exchanging traffic with others who have done so.

SCTP can still be DoS'd, because internet links can still be DoS'd, and
there is no fix for a flood so strong it fills up the only links you've got
between you and everybody else.  but SCTP itself is less fragile than UDP,
and it ought to require a completely swamped link to keep it from working,
unlike UDP/53 or TCP/53 for which a perfectly effective DoS flow can be
created with far less than full link bandwidth.

so i'm not arguing that SCTP will stop DoS amplification, only that it will
raise the costs for attackers and provide more control points for defenders,
and that neither UDP/53 nor TCP/53 can offer anything similar to it, no
matter how we alter or improve EDNS.

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cc: =?iso-8859-1?Q?=D3lafur_Gu=F0mundsson?= /DNSEXT chair <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Draft DNSEXT charter 
In-reply-to: Your message of Mon, 01 Jun 2009 10:39:12 +0200. <87ab4spcun.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> 
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   >  In your previous mail you wrote:
   >
   >    * Francis Dupont:
   >    
   >    > PS: I am sure you know it is critical to get this published and
   >    > implemented before 2010.
   >    
   >    This time frame is impossible to achieve due to the dependency on
   >    NSEC3.
   >
   > => can you detail? Do you mean it is impossible to get it published
   > in time? implemented? Or the issue is begin/end of 2010
   
   Wide deployment is two to three years away.

=> I took care to use "published" and "implemented", not "deployed".

   The NSEC3 upgrade is too large to put in a point release.

=> I can't see the point: NSEC3 is already published (March 2008) and
implemented (it is even deployed in .gov). I agree NSEC3 doesn't make
things simpler (:-) but it is orthogonal to RSA-SHA256 for implementations
which already support it.

   Adding a new cryptographic algorithm might have been possible.

=> I can't see the point (and BTW the term "cryptographic algorithm"
is ambiguous because it has a special meaning in the crypto community).
   
   I don't think this is a technical problem.  (It may be a compliance
   issue.)  It just sugests that DNSSEC doesn't offer that much algorithm
   agility.

=> DNSSEC has to prove it provides enough algorithm agility but
there is no a priori reason it can't...

Regards

Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr

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Date: Mon, 1 Jun 2009 13:32:29 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Ping fallbacks
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[no hat]

On Sun, May 31, 2009 at 06:16:40PM +0100, George Barwood wrote:

> This is true for a naive use of EDNS Ping, but it does not mean EDNS
> Ping is not useful.

I think you're framing the question in the wrong terms, there.  It
seems to me that several of the critics of EDNS0 Ping are not outright
saying, "It can't be useful," but instead, "The gains are not worth
the additional cost."

Some of the critics are arguing that the gains amount to nothing, in
that it is possible for an attacker to force a downgrade.  In
response, you offer that EDNS0 Ping could be part of a set of
heuristics that allow for intelligent reaction in the absence of
DNSSEC.  So, for instance,

> (3) Adopt more complex fallbacks, such as comparing multiple
> responses to infer a safe result, or a restrictive ( but less
> efficient ) cache policy.
> 
> Clients may also maintain state information to minimise the number
> of extra packets required.

At this point, it seems to me, you have to make a pretty compelling
argument that EDNS0 Ping will in fact help, since what you are arguing
is that we deploy several different complementary strategies in an
attempt to detect badness.  It will be necessary, of course, not only
to specify all these technologies, but also to specify which
interactions are an indication of badness, and so on.  The time it
might take to come to consensus on how these things might work and how
the interactions are strong evidence of badness (as opposed to broken
implementations, &c.) is not obviously smaller than the time to
deploy DNSSEC to the point where it might be practically useful.

Best,

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun  1 12:25:53 2009
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From: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
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On Jun 1, 2009, at 10:58 AM, George Barwood wrote:

> Are there any DNS security concerns regarding fragmented IP packets?
>
> Would it be possible for a blind attacker to spoof a fragment of a  
> response, which might allow modification of a packet without needing  
> to guess the DNS ID?
>
> For example
>
> dig example.se @ns.iana.org +dnssec
>
> generates a response of more than 512 bytes. The (unsigned)  
> additional section might  therefore be modified by a blind attacker,  
> without needing to guess the ID, opening up cheap denial of service  
> attacks (and probably other nastiness) against DNSSEC.
>
> [ I don't know if this attack works, as I'm not very familiar with  
> IP fragmentation, but I don't at first sight see why it doesn't work ]

If the legit response was not fragmented, this can't work.

If the legit response WILL be fragmented, at a point the attacker  
knows, the attacker can overwrite the value POST fragmentation-point  
with some reasonably high probability if the attacker knows the  
authority's IPID chosen, esp if the defragmenter keeps unrestored  
fragments around for a long time, with just a single packet, depending  
on how the resolver does reassembly.


This might actually be really useful in some narrow cases:

Suppose authority A can generate large records.  And recursive  
resolver B is being targeted, and will request  packets using EDNS0  
and a request size large enough to cause fragmentation (eg, Bind).

The attacker does a query on B which is sent to A, and sends a  
fragment as well which overwrites the Authority or Additional field in  
the response, where the fragment is actually sent before the legit  
packet from A is received.

Basically, the packets sent (assume the fragmentation occurs at 1000  
bytes and the ID that A will use is X:

Attacker -> B:  DNS request
B->A:           DNS query
Attacker -> B:  Spoofed response:  A->B, ID X, off 1000
A->B:           A->B, ID X, fragment
                 A->B, ID X, off 1000

which B reassembles as the first 1000 bytes being A's response, and  
the rest being the attacker's response (overwriting glue fields)


The requirements:

1)  A must have a predictible (or collidable) IPID

2)  B must enable EDNS and request > MSS packets

3)  The response from A must not have DF set, and must be fragmented.

4)  Attacker can cause B to generate a request to A where the response  
from A is sufficiently large that it will be fragmented

5)  The Auth/additional field data which the attacker overwrites must  
be accepted by B without further validation (eg, independent glue  
fetch, DNSSEC).

6)  B must hold the "out of order" fragment from the attacker and use  
that to reassemble once the first piece from the legit server is  
received, rather than discarding that small fragment immediately.  Big  
open question, and probably target specific.


So the constraints are pretty tight, but there may definitely be  
usable, eg, targeting www.se:

dig +norecurse +dnssec ANY www.se @ns2.nic.se

(run 3 times):

The TCPdump output is:

12:14:57.996240 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 15775, offset 0, flags [none],  
proto UDP (17), length 63) 192.150.186.168.53968 > 194.17.45.54.53:  
57977 [1au] ANY? www.se. (35)
12:14:58.175309 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 41, id 5452, offset 0, flags [+],  
proto UDP (17), length 1500) 194.17.45.54.53 > 192.150.186.168.53968:  
57977*- 19/0/11 www.se. SOA[|domain]
12:14:58.175463 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 41, id 5452, offset 1480, flags [+],  
proto UDP (17), length 1500) 194.17.45.54 > 192.150.186.168: udp
12:14:58.175466 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 41, id 5452, offset 2960, flags  
[none], proto UDP (17), length 271) 194.17.45.54 > 192.150.186.168: udp
12:14:58.587969 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 64915, offset 0, flags [none],  
proto UDP (17), length 63)

192.150.186.168.53969 > 194.17.45.54.53: 64664 [1au] ANY? www.se. (35)
12:14:58.767143 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 41, id 5453, offset 0, flags [+],  
proto UDP (17), length 1500) 194.17.45.54.53 > 192.150.186.168.53969:  
64664*- 19/0/11 www.se. SOA[|domain]
12:14:58.767287 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 41, id 5453, offset 1480, flags [+],  
proto UDP (17), length 1500) 194.17.45.54 > 192.150.186.168: udp
12:14:58.767289 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 41, id 5453, offset 2960, flags  
[none], proto UDP (17), length 271) 194.17.45.54 > 192.150.186.168: udp
12:14:59.099446 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 6650, offset 0, flags [none],  
proto UDP (17), length 63)

192.150.186.168.53970 > 194.17.45.54.53: 53097 [1au] ANY? www.se. (35)
12:14:59.278499 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 41, id 5454, offset 0, flags [+],  
proto UDP (17), length 1500) 194.17.45.54.53 > 192.150.186.168.53970:  
53097*- 19/0/11 www.se. SOA[|domain]
12:14:59.278637 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 41, id 5454, offset 1480, flags [+],  
proto UDP (17), length 1500) 194.17.45.54 > 192.150.186.168: udp
12:14:59.278640 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 41, id 5454, offset 2960, flags  
[none], proto UDP (17), length 271) 194.17.45.54 > 192.150.186.168: udp


So you can clearly see that IPID is predictable, you can generate  
responses that WILL fragment, and there is such lovely goop in the  
additional section that, if not validated, will allow you to reassign  
the notion of what nameservers are responsible for www.se

The only question is, how does the authority's IP reassembler chose  
which fragments to use.



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One other comment:  Conservative glue policies (eg, Unbound's, etc,  
the "no race until win" policies) would be immune to this attack if it  
works.


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Date: Mon, 01 Jun 2009 21:15:49 +0100
From: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
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To: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>, George Barwood <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
cc: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] IP fragmentation security
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--On 1 June 2009 12:18:28 -0700 Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU> 
wrote:

> Attacker -> B:  DNS request
> B->A:           DNS query
> Attacker -> B:  Spoofed response:  A->B, ID X, off 1000
> A->B:           A->B, ID X, fragment
>                  A->B, ID X, off 1000

This attack can be enhanced by supplying many spoofed responses with
different IPIDs. Combined with low cache times (so B->A query is
made frequently) this would seem to have a high chance of success.

Last time I looked at an IP stack (which was admittedly ten years ago):
* Fragments arriving out of order didn't matter (so it doesn't matter if
  the spoofed fragment arrives before the first real fragment)
* The first real fragment "won", and (at least in a two fragment case) the
  reassembled UDP packet would hit the application before the real second
  fragment appeared.

This would appear to give it some mileage for a non-DNSSEC attack. But
I am not sure it is of much more use for a DNSSEC attack than flooding
the resolving nameserver with spoofed SERVFAIL responses (i.e. it's
"just" a DoS). Or am I missing something?

--
Alex Bligh

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] IP fragmentation security
Date: Mon, 1 Jun 2009 15:24:17 -0500
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Another comment: the attacker also has to forge the UDP checksum,  
which includes the source port and txid, but is itself only 16 bits.  
On the other hand, the attacker doesn't have to bother repeating the  
query name, so it opens the possibility for a birthday attack.

Does anyone know any DNSSEC enabled zones containing wildcard names  
with large recordsets?

On Jun 1, 2009, at 2:45 PM, Nicholas Weaver  
<nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU> wrote:

>
> One other comment:  Conservative glue policies (eg, Unbound's, etc,  
> the "no race until win" policies) would be immune to this attack if  
> it works.
>
>
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org  
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On Jun 1, 2009, at 1:24 PM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> Another comment: the attacker also has to forge the UDP checksum,  
> which includes the source port and txid, but is itself only 16 bits.  
> On the other hand, the attacker doesn't have to bother repeating the  
> query name, so it opens the possibility for a birthday attack.
>
> Does anyone know any DNSSEC enabled zones containing wildcard names  
> with large recordsets?

OH, good point.  Forgot about the UDP checksum.

So you're right, this will fail because the checksum includes the  
exisiting entropy sources.



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Subject: Re: [dnsext] IP fragmentation security
Date: Mon, 1 Jun 2009 15:37:04 -0500
Cc: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>, George Barwood <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>, "<namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>" <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
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Actually, the checksum is a simple 16-bit ones-complement checksum and  
fragments are required to be 8-byte aligned. If you can guess what  
should have been in the fragment (presumably much lower entropy for  
most queries) couldn't you forge the checksum with reasonable  
probability?

On Jun 1, 2009, at 3:26 PM, Nicholas Weaver  
<nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU> wrote:

>
> On Jun 1, 2009, at 1:24 PM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:
>
>> Another comment: the attacker also has to forge the UDP checksum,  
>> which includes the source port and txid, but is itself only 16  
>> bits. On the other hand, the attacker doesn't have to bother  
>> repeating the query name, so it opens the possibility for a  
>> birthday attack.
>>
>> Does anyone know any DNSSEC enabled zones containing wildcard names  
>> with large recordsets?
>
> OH, good point.  Forgot about the UDP checksum.
>
> So you're right, this will fail because the checksum includes the  
> exisiting entropy sources.
>
>

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun  1 13:56:39 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] IP fragmentation security
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On Jun 1, 2009, at 1:26 PM, Nicholas Weaver wrote:

>
> On Jun 1, 2009, at 1:24 PM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:
>
>> Another comment: the attacker also has to forge the UDP checksum,  
>> which includes the source port and txid, but is itself only 16  
>> bits. On the other hand, the attacker doesn't have to bother  
>> repeating the query name, so it opens the possibility for a  
>> birthday attack.
>>
>> Does anyone know any DNSSEC enabled zones containing wildcard names  
>> with large recordsets?
>
> OH, good point.  Forgot about the UDP checksum.
>
> So you're right, this will fail because the checksum includes the  
> exisiting entropy sources.

Oh wait: here's the math:

Its 2^16 regardless of the entropy sources (port, 0x20, ID, etc):

The checksum is a 2^16 value.  The attacker must match:

a)  The IPID (predictable or 1 in 2^16, but assume predictible)

b)  The checksum (1 in 2^16, matched by basically having a random 16b  
value somewhere in the attacker's fragment, as this checksum includes  
both port and TXID and 0x20, and if the attacker knew those, he could  
respond directly))

However, the attacker gets only one try per query, since the first  
packet which matches IPID is used to be in the checksum (a checksum  
failure will mean a dropped UDP packet, not a "retry assembly" I'm  
assuming).


So its not kaminski-level even when it under conditions that work  
(authority sends a large, fragmented response with a predictable  
IPID), because although its a glue race-until-win style attack, you  
can only generate only one attack packet per query, which means ~2^16  
queries to generate a successful attack, and you need to be  
effectively sequential to keep the IPID predictable.

The same glue policy countermeasures against Kaminski attacks also  
works here, BTW.


Apologies for my stupidities.


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] IP fragmentation security
Date: Mon, 1 Jun 2009 14:04:50 -0700
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On Jun 1, 2009, at 1:37 PM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> Actually, the checksum is a simple 16-bit ones-complement checksum  
> and fragments are required to be 8-byte aligned. If you can guess  
> what should have been in the fragment (presumably much lower entropy  
> for most queries) couldn't you forge the checksum with reasonable  
> probability?

Oh wait, YEAH!  You're right.

So the requirements are:

a)  The attacker must be able to cause the target resolver to generate  
a suitably large query

b)  The query response needs:
	a)  Predictable or guessable IPID
	b)  Predictable or guessable fragment to be overwritten.

The attacker just ensures that his fragment he overwrites maintains  
the same checksum (probably easy, the lower 16b of the TTL field and  
other fields would be good candidates, or name munging, or...) or  
randomly permutes say, the lower 16b of the TTL field (randomizes the  
checksum to give a 1 in 2^16 match)


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Cc: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>, =?iso-8859-1?Q?=D3lafur_Gu=F0mundsson?= /DNSEXT chair <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Draft DNSEXT charter 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Mon, 01 Jun 2009 18:58:45 +0200." <200906011658.n51GwjFi060547@givry.fdupont.fr> 
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In message <200906011658.n51GwjFi060547@givry.fdupont.fr>, Francis Dupont write
s:
>  In your previous mail you wrote:
> 
>    >  In your previous mail you wrote:
>    >
>    >    * Francis Dupont:
>    >    
>    >    > PS: I am sure you know it is critical to get this published and
>    >    > implemented before 2010.
>    >    
>    >    This time frame is impossible to achieve due to the dependency on
>    >    NSEC3.
>    >
>    > => can you detail? Do you mean it is impossible to get it published
>    > in time? implemented? Or the issue is begin/end of 2010
>    
>    Wide deployment is two to three years away.
> 
> => I took care to use "published" and "implemented", not "deployed".
> 
>    The NSEC3 upgrade is too large to put in a point release.
> 
> => I can't see the point: NSEC3 is already published (March 2008) and
> implemented (it is even deployed in .gov). I agree NSEC3 doesn't make
> things simpler (:-) but it is orthogonal to RSA-SHA256 for implementations
> which already support it.
> 
>    Adding a new cryptographic algorithm might have been possible.
> 
> => I can't see the point (and BTW the term "cryptographic algorithm"
> is ambiguous because it has a special meaning in the crypto community).
>    
>    I don't think this is a technical problem.  (It may be a compliance
>    issue.)  It just sugests that DNSSEC doesn't offer that much algorithm
>    agility.

You really can't use RSA-SHA256 as a example of lack of algorithm
agility.  We could have choosen to allocate pairs of code points
one which was not NSEC3 aware and one which was.  RSA-SHA256
deployment would then have been a simple change.  Instead it was
decided to link NSEC3 support and RSA-SHA256.

> => DNSSEC has to prove it provides enough algorithm agility but
> there is no a priori reason it can't...
> 
> Regards
> 
> Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr
> 
> --
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-- 
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1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] IP fragmentation security
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On Jun 1, 2009, at 1:37 PM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> Actually, the checksum is a simple 16-bit ones-complement checksum  
> and fragments are required to be 8-byte aligned. If you can guess  
> what should have been in the fragment (presumably much lower entropy  
> for most queries) couldn't you forge the checksum with reasonable  
> probability?

Set it to zero.

Although RFC 1122 section 4.1.3.4 indicates UDP Checksums should  
default enabled, a number of DNS packets do not use UDP checksums.

-Doug




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Cc: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>, Douglas Otis <dotis@mail-abuse.org>, George Barwood <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>, "<namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>" <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
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From: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] IP fragmentation security
Date: Wed, 3 Jun 2009 10:46:43 -0700
References: <8FA88E5DED3E4E16A214AEAAB4AC755C@localhost> <ACCD92CF-ABF2-4A29-B4E1-0C4F25C5DE43@icsi.berkeley.edu> <ADED5A71-1B52-4D60-AEB2-A3CCFD12B6A5@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU> <F5BA13EB-C222-46C9-B5AE-426243867276@dempsky.org> <375691A7-70D9-47A9-BAC4-440D82702442@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU> <DE06EEF3-BA9C-4F78-B1E9-3C2478284C65@dempsky.org> <CE8C6635-7FCE-47CF-9E35-4676D3DAB772@mail-abuse.org> <d791b8790906031044v20715deex2cff167a0c4c6084@mail.gmail.com>
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On Jun 3, 2009, at 10:44 AM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> On Tue, Jun 2, 2009 at 9:30 PM, Douglas Otis <dotis@mail-abuse.org>  
> wrote:
>> Set it to zero.
>
> The UDP checksum will be in the same fragment as the UDP ports and the
> DNS transaction id.  The potential benefit from attacking fragments
> other than the first is that you don't have to blindly guess the
> primary source of entropy in the packet, you just have to forge a
> fragment that checksums the same as the legitimate fragment.

Which means you only need to know what the legitimate fragment looks  
like, because its a 1-complement checksum (so fully associative and  
communative), so the inserted fragment's checksum needs to match the  
legitimate fragment's checksum.


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Date: Wed, 3 Jun 2009 10:44:34 -0700
Message-ID: <d791b8790906031044v20715deex2cff167a0c4c6084@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] IP fragmentation security
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Douglas Otis <dotis@mail-abuse.org>
Cc: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu>,  George Barwood <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>,  "<namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>" <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
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On Tue, Jun 2, 2009 at 9:30 PM, Douglas Otis <dotis@mail-abuse.org> wrote:
> Set it to zero.

The UDP checksum will be in the same fragment as the UDP ports and the
DNS transaction id.  The potential benefit from attacking fragments
other than the first is that you don't have to blindly guess the
primary source of entropy in the packet, you just have to forge a
fragment that checksums the same as the legitimate fragment.

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From: Douglas Otis <dotis@mail-abuse.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] IP fragmentation security
Date: Wed, 3 Jun 2009 12:31:34 -0700
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On Jun 3, 2009, at 10:46 AM, Nicholas Weaver wrote:
>
> On Jun 3, 2009, at 10:44 AM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:
>
>> On Tue, Jun 2, 2009 at 9:30 PM, Douglas Otis <dotis@mail-abuse.org>  
>> wrote:
>>> Set it to zero.
>>
>> The UDP checksum will be in the same fragment as the UDP ports and  
>> the DNS transaction id.  The potential benefit from attacking  
>> fragments other than the first is that you don't have to blindly  
>> guess the primary source of entropy in the packet, you just have to  
>> forge a fragment that checksums the same as the legitimate fragment.

Agreed.

In addition, whenever UDP checksums become disabled by the query sum,  
this might be cause for concern as well.

-Doug


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun  3 14:42:01 2009
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Date: Wed, 03 Jun 2009 17:35:37 -0400
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Subject: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer  < 1024 
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[speaking as RFC3226 editor with encouragement from RFC3225 editor]

Strictly speaking based on RFC3225 and RFC3226 this is a protocol
violation. Unfortunately there is no explicit statement on how to
treat this mis-behavior.

People claim this is somewhat common in the wild, these
implementations/configurations will get hurt when DNSSEC is deployed at
the root and they ask for ". NS" or now when asking for "org. DNSKEY"

In most cases this is caused by people configuring DNS implementations
to use small buffers, mis-guided firewall, etc.

Can we make these misbehaviors suffer sooner by changing/configuring
implementations to return "REFUSED" to any query that has OPT record
with DO bit set and buffer size less than 1024 or 1220.

In addition I propose to write an update to RFC3226 to include a
error handling section:
-----
When DNS responder sees a DNS message with the DO bit set and
buffer size < 1220 the responder SHOULD return a message with the
RCODE = Refused, and include in the OPT record a new option
REASON that contains following string "DO requires EDNS buffer size > 1220"
----

The REASON EDNS0 Option will be defined in the same document.

	Olafur


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To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Wed, 03 Jun 2009 17:35:37 -0400." <200906032135.n53LZnAT020828@stora.ogud.com> 
Date: Thu, 04 Jun 2009 11:08:58 +1000
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In message <200906032135.n53LZnAT020828@stora.ogud.com>, Olafur Gudmundsson wri
tes:
> [speaking as RFC3226 editor with encouragement from RFC3225 editor]
> 
> Strictly speaking based on RFC3225 and RFC3226 this is a protocol
> violation. Unfortunately there is no explicit statement on how to
> treat this mis-behavior.
> 
> People claim this is somewhat common in the wild, these
> implementations/configurations will get hurt when DNSSEC is deployed at
> the root and they ask for ". NS" or now when asking for "org. DNSKEY"

	I believe this is just excesive worry.

	EDNS referrals from the root servers to COM and NET already
	exceed 512 bytes.  If this was going to be a real problem
	it would already have happened.
 
> In most cases this is caused by people configuring DNS implementations
> to use small buffers, mis-guided firewall, etc.

	Or broken routers in the middle of the net.  Not all of the
	sources of problems are under the control of client.

	Some of the problems may actually be the authoritative
	servers, or more correctly their host OS's, which set DF
	on outgoing UDP responses.  BIND now turns DF off on a per
	socket basis when the OS supports it and we have discovered
	the OS specific magic to do it.

> Can we make these misbehaviors suffer sooner by changing/configuring
> implementations to return "REFUSED" to any query that has OPT record
> with DO bit set and buffer size less than 1024 or 1220.

	Please NO.  Falling back to EDNS@512 keeps DNSSEC working
	and in many cases just trims off some additional records
	which are causing the response to be dropped.
 
	I've worried about this issue for years.  BIND's gone from
	silently fixing the issue to being noisy when it has to
	fallback.  Excessively noisy initially.

	Mark

> In addition I propose to write an update to RFC3226 to include a
> error handling section:
> -----
> When DNS responder sees a DNS message with the DO bit set and
> buffer size < 1220 the responder SHOULD return a message with the
> RCODE = Refused, and include in the OPT record a new option
> REASON that contains following string "DO requires EDNS buffer size > 1220"
> ----
> 
> The REASON EDNS0 Option will be defined in the same document.
> 
> 	Olafur
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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cc: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 04 Jun 2009 11:08:58 +1000." <200906040108.n5418wGA010441@drugs.dv.isc.org> 
References: <200906040108.n5418wGA010441@drugs.dv.isc.org> 
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> From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
> Date: Thu, 04 Jun 2009 11:08:58 +1000
> ...
> 	...  BIND now turns DF off on a per socket basis when the OS
> 	supports it and we have discovered the OS specific magic to do it.
> ...
> 	I've worried about this issue for years.  BIND's gone from silently
> 	fixing the issue to being noisy when it has to fallback.
> 	Excessively noisy initially.

can you ensure that 2671bis (about to go into production) covers our
implementation experience and makes recommendations about how fallback
ought to work?

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun  4 05:37:01 2009
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Date: Thu, 04 Jun 2009 08:29:12 -0400
From: Danny Mayer <mayer@gis.net>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] DNSEXT to meet at IETF-75/Stockholm
References: <200905271833.n4RIXK3C005019@stora.ogud.com>
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Ólafur Guðmundsson /DNSEXT chair wrote:
> 
> The chairs have determined that there is sufficient reason to have the
> meeting. We have started the process of updating the WG charter to reflect
> the additions to our work items:
>   - ENDS0-bis
>   - GOST algorithm additions
>   - Forgery Resilience (stay tuned for details)
> 
> Send in agenda items, so far we have
>     GOST Algorithm document
>     Forgery Resilience work (or not)
>     New charter
>     ENDS0 Option hurdle, go to template like for RR types

I assume that you mean EDNS0 and not ENDS0 here.

Danny

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Subject: [dnsext] I-D Action:draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-rsasha256-14.txt 
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the DNS Extensions Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : Use of SHA-2 algorithms with RSA in DNSKEY and RRSIG Resource Records for DNSSEC
	Author(s)       : J. Jansen
	Filename        : draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-rsasha256-14.txt
	Pages           : 10
	Date            : 2009-06-04

This document describes how to produce RSA/SHA-256 and RSA/SHA-512
DNSKEY and RRSIG resource records for use in the Domain Name System
Security Extensions (DNSSEC, RFC 4033, RFC 4034, and RFC 4035).

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun  4 08:14:40 2009
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To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated 
In-Reply-To: <200905201528.n4KFSsI3055828@stora.ogud.com>
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Please someone take few minutes to say you have read the document,
and your impression of it document !!

I'm extending the LC until June 10'th,
IF we do not have 5 reviews by then the document will be killed!!!!!

         Olafur


At 12:31 20/05/2009, =D3lafur Gu=F0mundsson /DNSEXT wrote:
>Reminder
>we still need more reviews.
>
>In particular none of the people that supported adoption has
>submitted one.
>
>         Olafur
>
>Ps: in case you forgot if you supported the document (and agreed to review)
>Roy Arends, Mark Andrews, Olaf Kolkman, Patrik F=E4ltstr=F6m, Joe Abley,
>Brian Dickson, Edward Lewis, Mike StJohns
>
>At 18:19 08/05/2009, =D3lafur Gu=F0mundsson /DNSEXT wrote:
>
>>This note starts a Working Group Last Call for this Standards Track=
 document
>>ending on midnight May 24'th UTZ 2009.
>>
>>URL for the document and its history:
>>http://tools.ietf.org/wg/dnsext/draft-ietf-dnsext-tsig-md5-deprecated/
>>
>>This document is on the Standards Track,  The=20
>>document updates standards track
>>documents and redefines an IANA registry.
>>
>>Please read the document carefully, and send=20
>>your comments to the mailing list.
>>
>>The document process rules in this working group, require that at least
>>5 members of the working to state that they have reviewed the document
>>and there is consensus of support to publish it as a Standards Track RFC.
>>
>>         Olafur (for the chairs)
>>
>>
>>
>>--
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From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Patrik_F=E4ltstr=F6m?= <paf@cisco.com>
To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
In-Reply-To: <200906041444.n54EiF2e005370@stora.ogud.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated 
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References: <200905081453.n48ErDH3055593@stora.ogud.com> <200905201528.n4KFSsI3055828@stora.ogud.com> <200906041444.n54EiF2e005370@stora.ogud.com>
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I have read the document, and I support it.

    Patrik

On 4 jun 2009, at 16.43, Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:

>
> Please someone take few minutes to say you have read the document,
> and your impression of it document !!
>
> I'm extending the LC until June 10'th,
> IF we do not have 5 reviews by then the document will be killed!!!!!
>
>        Olafur
>
>
> At 12:31 20/05/2009, =D3lafur Gu=F0mundsson /DNSEXT wrote:
>> Reminder
>> we still need more reviews.
>>
>> In particular none of the people that supported adoption has
>> submitted one.
>>
>>        Olafur
>>
>> Ps: in case you forgot if you supported the document (and agreed to =20=

>> review)
>> Roy Arends, Mark Andrews, Olaf Kolkman, Patrik F=E4ltstr=F6m, Joe =
Abley,
>> Brian Dickson, Edward Lewis, Mike StJohns
>>
>> At 18:19 08/05/2009, =D3lafur Gu=F0mundsson /DNSEXT wrote:
>>
>>> This note starts a Working Group Last Call for this Standards =20
>>> Track document
>>> ending on midnight May 24'th UTZ 2009.
>>>
>>> URL for the document and its history:
>>> =
http://tools.ietf.org/wg/dnsext/draft-ietf-dnsext-tsig-md5-deprecated/
>>>
>>> This document is on the Standards Track,  The document updates =20
>>> standards track
>>> documents and redefines an IANA registry.
>>>
>>> Please read the document carefully, and send your comments to the =20=

>>> mailing list.
>>>
>>> The document process rules in this working group, require that at =20=

>>> least
>>> 5 members of the working to state that they have reviewed the =20
>>> document
>>> and there is consensus of support to publish it as a Standards =20
>>> Track RFC.
>>>
>>>        Olafur (for the chairs)
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> --
>>> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org =20=

>>> with
>>> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
>>> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
>>
>>
>> --
>> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org =20=

>> with
>> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
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>
>
> --
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun  4 08:59:03 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024 
Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2009 08:54:26 -0700
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Mark,

On Jun 3, 2009, at 6:08 PM, Mark Andrews wrote:
> 	EDNS referrals from the root servers to COM and NET already
> 	exceed 512 bytes.

Indeed they do.

> If this was going to be a real problem it would already have happened.

What percentage of queries to the root result in NXDOMAIN?

How big are signed NXDOMAIN responses?

How many of those signed NXDOMAIN responses are going to come back  
with TC set?

Is that number going to go up or down over time?

> 	Please NO.  Falling back to EDNS@512 keeps DNSSEC working
> 	and in many cases just trims off some additional records
> 	which are causing the response to be dropped.

There is a reason the minimum buffer size for DNSSEC signed responses  
was chosen to be 1220.  If you do not believe those reasons were  
justified, then you should provide revisions to 3226.  Simply ignoring  
3226 is just wrong.

Regards,
-drc


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun  4 09:00:39 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
From: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>
To: namedroppers <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
In-Reply-To: <19844D27-2F50-45BA-AE8B-EAA664025E07@cisco.com>
References: <200905081453.n48ErDH3055593@stora.ogud.com> <200905201528.n4KFSsI3055828@stora.ogud.com> <200906041444.n54EiF2e005370@stora.ogud.com> <19844D27-2F50-45BA-AE8B-EAA664025E07@cisco.com>
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Me too.

--
Shane

On Thu, 2009-06-04 at 17:26 +0200, Patrik FÃ¤ltstrÃ¶m wrote:
> I have read the document, and I support it.
> 
>     Patrik
> 
> On 4 jun 2009, at 16.43, Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:
> 
> >
> > Please someone take few minutes to say you have read the document,
> > and your impression of it document !!
> >
> > I'm extending the LC until June 10'th,
> > IF we do not have 5 reviews by then the document will be killed!!!!!
> >
> >        Olafur
> >
> >
> > At 12:31 20/05/2009, Ã“lafur GuÃ°mundsson /DNSEXT wrote:
> >> Reminder
> >> we still need more reviews.
> >>
> >> In particular none of the people that supported adoption has
> >> submitted one.
> >>
> >>        Olafur
> >>
> >> Ps: in case you forgot if you supported the document (and agreed to  
> >> review)
> >> Roy Arends, Mark Andrews, Olaf Kolkman, Patrik FÃ¤ltstrÃ¶m, Joe Abley,
> >> Brian Dickson, Edward Lewis, Mike StJohns
> >>
> >> At 18:19 08/05/2009, Ã“lafur GuÃ°mundsson /DNSEXT wrote:
> >>
> >>> This note starts a Working Group Last Call for this Standards  
> >>> Track document
> >>> ending on midnight May 24'th UTZ 2009.
> >>>
> >>> URL for the document and its history:
> >>> http://tools.ietf.org/wg/dnsext/draft-ietf-dnsext-tsig-md5-deprecated/
> >>>
> >>> This document is on the Standards Track,  The document updates  
> >>> standards track
> >>> documents and redefines an IANA registry.
> >>>
> >>> Please read the document carefully, and send your comments to the  
> >>> mailing list.
> >>>
> >>> The document process rules in this working group, require that at  
> >>> least
> >>> 5 members of the working to state that they have reviewed the  
> >>> document
> >>> and there is consensus of support to publish it as a Standards  
> >>> Track RFC.
> >>>
> >>>        Olafur (for the chairs)
> >>>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>> --
> >>> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org  
> >>> with
> >>> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> >>> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
> >>
> >>
> >> --
> >> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org  
> >> with
> >> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> >> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
> >
> >
> > --
> > to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org  
> > with
> > the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> > archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
> 


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To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
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I have read this document and I do *not* support its adoption. There is no security justification for deprecating the use of HMAC-MD5 in any case, and I do not believe there is security justification for deprecating the use of MD5 between trusted peers (as is the case in TKEY).

Deprecating things that still work fine adds complexity to the protocol, particularly given that the protocol already has options for parties who don't want to use HMAC-MD5 and MD5. If, in the future, there is some actual security justification for the deprecation, we can take this up then.

Note that I'm not one of the five people who volunteered to be reviewers; I have no idea how my active non-support affects the calculation.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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On 4 jun 2009, at 16:43, Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:

>
> Please someone take few minutes to say you have read the document,
> and your impression of it document !!
>
> I'm extending the LC until June 10'th,
> IF we do not have 5 reviews by then the document will be killed!!!!!


Thanks for the poke.

I support the document. And all the comments below are to be taken in  
the light that if you ask for close review you will get somebody who  
will try to say something that indicates they actually read the  
document :-).

----


In the introduction:

The secret key transaction authentication for DNS

I would start with:

The protocol described in "The Secret Key Transaction Authentication  
for DNS (TSIG)"[RFC2845]  was defined with


-----
Also in the introduction
Context:
security came to be considered lower than expected
Question:
Is there a stable and recognized reference for that claim?


----


Section 2 last sentence

OLD
(i.e., algorithms at a "not Mandatory" requirement level)
NEW
(i.e., requirements that are not at a "Mandatory" requirement level)
ALTERNATIVE
(i.e., requirements that are  at a "Optional" requirement level)

Reason:
"not Mandatory" is not a requirement level that is used in the  
paragraph.


-----

IANA considerations

s!located at http://.*/tsig-algorithm-names!!

Reason:
I don't think it is common to refer to an IANA registry through its  
URL, its name should be unique. Probably wise to check with the RFC  
Editor on what is common.

----


Section 5.

If there is a stable and recognized reference about the claim for SHA1  
that might be useful


----



--Olaf

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From: Andras Salamon <andras@dns.net>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
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On Thu, Jun 04, 2009 at 10:43:45AM -0400, Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:
> I'm extending the LC until June 10'th,
> IF we do not have 5 reviews by then the document will be killed!!!!!

I support advancing draft-ietf-dnsext-tsig-md5-deprecated-03.

-- Andras Salamon                   andras@dns.net

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On 4 jun 2009, at 18:03, Paul Hoffman wrote:

> I have read this document and I do *not* support its adoption. There  
> is no security justification for deprecating the use of HMAC-MD5 in  
> any case, and I do not believe there is security justification for  
> deprecating the use of MD5 between trusted peers (as is the case in  
> TKEY).
>
> Deprecating things that still work fine adds complexity to the  
> protocol, particularly given that the protocol already has options  
> for parties who don't want to use HMAC-MD5 and MD5. If, in the  
> future, there is some actual security justification for the  
> deprecation, we can take this up then.


Your review crossed mine.

In my review I asked for references because I thought those were  
readily available and I therefore considered my remark an editorial nit.

 From what you just mailed I have the impression that the issue is not  
merely editorial. Would you be willing to lecture me on the difference  
security properties of the different sorts of use? (a reference is  
fine).

For what its worth, if the deprecation of MD5 is needed for TKEY I  
would think that deprecation in (all) other places in a code base  
actually decreases complexity. If SHA256 is mandatory for TKEY and MD5  
is deprecated than it may be that I still have to link MD5 code  
because TSIG needs it; it would be easier to get rid of MD5  
altogether. So from that perspective I would still be supporting the  
document.

--Olaf

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
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On Thu, Jun 04, 2009 at 10:43:45AM -0400, Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:
> 
> Please someone take few minutes to say you have read the document,
> and your impression of it document !!
> 
> I'm extending the LC until June 10'th,
> IF we do not have 5 reviews by then the document will be killed!!!!!


	read the doc. does what we want it to... move it on.

--bill

> 
>         Olafur

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
From: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>
To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
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Paul,

On Thu, 2009-06-04 at 09:03 -0700, Paul Hoffman wrote:
> I have read this document and I do *not* support its adoption. There is no security justification for deprecating the use of HMAC-MD5 in any case, and I do not believe there is security justification for deprecating the use of MD5 between trusted peers (as is the case in TKEY).

The document changes the mandatory support for MD5 to optional. Peers
can continue to use it as long as they want, if they have software that
supports it.

Having fewer mandatory algorithms should make implementations simpler,
not more complex, at least in this case where it is between co-operating
peers.

--
Shane


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
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At 6:22 PM +0200 6/4/09, Olaf Kolkman wrote:
>In my review I asked for references because I thought those were readily available and I therefore considered my remark an editorial nit.

For a protocol assumption like this, that is a reasonable assumption. I believe it is, in this case, misguided.

>From what you just mailed I have the impression that the issue is not merely editorial. Would you be willing to lecture me on the difference security properties of the different sorts of use? (a reference is fine).

The security properties of HMAC-MD5 are described fairly well in <http://eprint.iacr.org/2006/043> and the earlier paper that it cites. I know of no more recent work that contradicts this paper.

The security properties of MD5 in TSIG are, I believe, reliant on the preimage strength of MD5. To date, there has been no indication of any reduction in the preimage strength of MD5. Even if there is such indication, it would have to be a significant reduction (from 128 bits to, say, 96 bits) before there should be any concern about its use in the DNS.

>For what its worth, if the deprecation of MD5 is needed for TKEY I would think that deprecation in (all) other places in a code base actually decreases complexity.

If such deprecation was needed, it would decrease code complexity, but it would greatly increase operational complexity because every system would need to have a policy about when to accept MD5 from an otherwise-trusted peer. Given that many peers are still using MD5, making such decisions usually becomes an ill-informed and possibly random choice. (I guess this is more an argument for the DNSOP WG, but I would hope people here would have some mercy on folks who actually deploy our specs.)

>If SHA256 is mandatory for TKEY and MD5 is deprecated than it may be that I still have to link MD5 code because TSIG needs it; it would be easier to get rid of MD5 altogether. So from that perspective I would still be supporting the document.

If we could make current conformant systems all change at once (flag day, cough cough), that would be fine.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2009 10:01:38 -0700
To: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>
From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
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At 6:28 PM +0200 6/4/09, Shane Kerr wrote:
>The document changes the mandatory support for MD5 to optional.

...and also to SHOULD NOT:

      The use of MD5 and HMAC-MD5 is NOT RECOMMENDED.

>Peers
>can continue to use it as long as they want, if they have software that
>supports it.

For an optional algorithm to work, both sides must be able to process it. This document is recommending that implementations should not use it, so it is likely that some implementations will drop it.

>Having fewer mandatory algorithms should make implementations simpler,
>not more complex, at least in this case where it is between co-operating
>peers.

Fully agree, but only at the starting point. Downgrading a mandatory algorithm to "SHOULD NOT" causes greater complexity for the people who have to set the security policy for their organizations. Downgrading therefore should only be done when necessary, and it is not necessary here.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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Date: Thu, 04 Jun 2009 14:45:09 -0400
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
From: Scott Rose <scottr@nist.gov>
To: <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
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Thread-Topic: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
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I have read the document and support it.

(Sent this before, but not sure if it was counted).

Scott

On 6/4/09 10:43 AM, "Olafur Gud" <ogud@ogud.com> wrote:

>=20
> Please someone take few minutes to say you have read the document,
> and your impression of it document !!
>=20
> I'm extending the LC until June 10'th,
> IF we do not have 5 reviews by then the document will be killed!!!!!
>=20
>          Olafur
>=20
>=20
> At 12:31 20/05/2009, =C3=93lafur Gu=C3=B0mundsson /DNSEXT wrote:
>> Reminder
>> we still need more reviews.
>>=20
>> In particular none of the people that supported adoption has
>> submitted one.
>>=20
>>         Olafur
>>=20
>> Ps: in case you forgot if you supported the document (and agreed to revi=
ew)
>> Roy Arends, Mark Andrews, Olaf Kolkman, Patrik F=C3=A4ltstr=C3=B6m, Joe Abley,
>> Brian Dickson, Edward Lewis, Mike StJohns
>>=20
>> At 18:19 08/05/2009, =C3=93lafur Gu=C3=B0mundsson /DNSEXT wrote:
>>=20
>>> This note starts a Working Group Last Call for this Standards Track doc=
ument
>>> ending on midnight May 24'th UTZ 2009.
>>>=20
>>> URL for the document and its history:
>>> http://tools.ietf.org/wg/dnsext/draft-ietf-dnsext-tsig-md5-deprecated/
>>>=20
>>> This document is on the Standards Track,  The
>>> document updates standards track
>>> documents and redefines an IANA registry.
>>>=20
>>> Please read the document carefully, and send
>>> your comments to the mailing list.
>>>=20
>>> The document process rules in this working group, require that at least
>>> 5 members of the working to state that they have reviewed the document
>>> and there is consensus of support to publish it as a Standards Track RF=
C.
>>>=20
>>>         Olafur (for the chairs)
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>>=20
>>> --
>>> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
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>>> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
>>=20
>>=20
>> --
>> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
>> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
>> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
>=20
>=20
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>

=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
Scott Rose
NIST
scottr@nist.gov
ph: +1 301-975-8439
http://www-x.antd.nist.gov/dnssec
http://www.dnsops.gov/
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D




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Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2009 15:58:54 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: [dnsext] Status of TLSFP RRTYPE Request
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Dear colleagues,

On Mon, Apr 13, 2009 at 04:00:02PM -0400, Andrew Sullivan wrote:

> Please provide any comments you have on the proposal by 17:00 EDT on
> 2009-05-04.  I may not be able to consider comments received after
> that time.

My apologies that this is nearly a month later than I said it would
be.  I was waiting for confirmation that there was additional work to
do.  The request has accordingly been withdrawn, and no assignment
will happen for the time being.

I encourage the submitter to resubmit the template after that
additional work has been done.  There is no barrier to doing so -- the
process is intended to allow multiple iterations of these steps.

Best regards,

Andrew

--
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.


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Date: Thu, 4 Jun 2009 18:45:24 -0400
From: Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024
Message-ID: <20090604224523.GD676@sirocco.local>
References: <200906040108.n5418wGA010441@drugs.dv.isc.org> <336CF82C-4930-41B0-ABFB-765A37007FF1@virtualized.org>
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On Thu, 04 Jun 2009, David Conrad wrote:
> On Jun 3, 2009, at 6:08 PM, Mark Andrews wrote:
>> 	Please NO.  Falling back to EDNS@512 keeps DNSSEC working
>> 	and in many cases just trims off some additional records
>> 	which are causing the response to be dropped.
>
> There is a reason the minimum buffer size for DNSSEC signed responses  
> was chosen to be 1220.  If you do not believe those reasons were  
> justified, then you should provide revisions to 3226.  Simply ignoring  
> 3226 is just wrong.

I'm in total agreement with David.  BIND should not be setting DO if
it's also advertising a maximum buffer size of 512.

Matt


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To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 04 Jun 2009 10:43:45 -0400." <200906041444.n54EiF2e005370@stora.ogud.com> 
Date: Fri, 05 Jun 2009 10:36:44 +1000
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In message <200906041444.n54EiF2e005370@stora.ogud.com>, Olafur Gudmundsson wri
tes:
> 
> Please someone take few minutes to say you have read the document,
> and your impression of it document !!
> 
> I'm extending the LC until June 10'th,
> IF we do not have 5 reviews by then the document will be killed!!!!!
> 
>          Olafur

	I'm happy with most of it.  I've yet to test if a MD5 TKEY
	client can interoperate with a SHA256 TKEY server and the
	reverse.
 
> At 12:31 20/05/2009, =D3lafur Gu=F0mundsson /DNSEXT wrote:
> >Reminder
> >we still need more reviews.
> >
> >In particular none of the people that supported adoption has
> >submitted one.
> >
> >         Olafur
> >
> >Ps: in case you forgot if you supported the document (and agreed to review)
> >Roy Arends, Mark Andrews, Olaf Kolkman, Patrik F=E4ltstr=F6m, Joe Abley,
> >Brian Dickson, Edward Lewis, Mike StJohns
> >
> >At 18:19 08/05/2009, =D3lafur Gu=F0mundsson /DNSEXT wrote:
> >
> >>This note starts a Working Group Last Call for this Standards Track=
>  document
> >>ending on midnight May 24'th UTZ 2009.
> >>
> >>URL for the document and its history:
> >>http://tools.ietf.org/wg/dnsext/draft-ietf-dnsext-tsig-md5-deprecated/
> >>
> >>This document is on the Standards Track,  The=20
> >>document updates standards track
> >>documents and redefines an IANA registry.
> >>
> >>Please read the document carefully, and send=20
> >>your comments to the mailing list.
> >>
> >>The document process rules in this working group, require that at least
> >>5 members of the working to state that they have reviewed the document
> >>and there is consensus of support to publish it as a Standards Track RFC.
> >>
> >>         Olafur (for the chairs)
> >>
> >>
> >>
> >>--
> >>to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
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> >
> >
> >--
> >to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
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> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
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> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun  4 19:11:43 2009
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To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
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From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 04 Jun 2009 08:54:26 MST." <336CF82C-4930-41B0-ABFB-765A37007FF1@virtualized.org> 
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In message <336CF82C-4930-41B0-ABFB-765A37007FF1@virtualized.org>, David Conrad
 writes:
> Mark,
> 
> On Jun 3, 2009, at 6:08 PM, Mark Andrews wrote:
> > 	EDNS referrals from the root servers to COM and NET already
> > 	exceed 512 bytes.
> 
> Indeed they do.
> 
> > If this was going to be a real problem it would already have happened.
> 
> What percentage of queries to the root result in NXDOMAIN?
> 
> How big are signed NXDOMAIN responses?

	What sized ZSK's are you going to be using?  Are you going
	to double sign or just replace when re-signing?
 
> How many of those signed NXDOMAIN responses are going to come back  
> with TC set?

	To EDNS@512 queries, most.  To EDNS@1024 queries, most.  To
	EDNS@1200 at the root almost none, for other zones a higher
	percentage as the NSEC records are bigger.  To EDNS@1460
	queries, almost none.

	How many of those NXDOMAIN queries should not need to be
	generated in the first place?
 
> Is that number going to go up or down over time?

	When DNSSEC is enabled there will be a jump.   The long term
	trend depends on a lot of things.

	Default firewall setting.  We should encourage firewall
	vendors to SERVFAIL EDNS queries if they are not going to
	to allow large replies back in.  Work with the protocol
	rather than just stuff the protocol up.  Better still they
	should recognise EDNS queries and allow adjust their filters
	to accept EDNS responses.  Allowing non-standard queries
	to go out and not accepting the replies is bad firewall
	design.

	Encouraging ISP's to be stealth secondary of the root would
	stop a great percentage of these bogus queries reaching the
	root servers.

	Have people recognise that single label hostnames are not
	supposed to work in the global namespace would stop a large
	percentage as we could kill these in the stub resolver.
	There was a reason we went to <foo>.ARPA when heirachial
	names were introduced.

	Do all the root server fragment packets so that the smallest
	fragment contains the initial segment so that the probability
	of out of order fragement is reduced?  This helps firewalls
	and NAT's that only process fragmented responses correctly
	when the initial fragment arrives first.

> > 	Please NO.  Falling back to EDNS@512 keeps DNSSEC working
> > 	and in many cases just trims off some additional records
> > 	which are causing the response to be dropped.
> 
> There is a reason the minimum buffer size for DNSSEC signed responses  
> was chosen to be 1220.  If you do not believe those reasons were  
> justified, then you should provide revisions to 3226.  Simply ignoring  
> 3226 is just wrong.

	And there are also reasons to fallback to a smaller number
	when the initial setting fails.  Unfortunately 512 it the
	obvious choise when falling back as it passes through almost
	all devices.  1220/1460 as a fallback only handles fragmentation
	problems.
 
	Do we have any published stats on the number of queries,
	which result in a referral that would exceed 512 bytes if
	records no record are dropped from the additional section,
	that the have a EDNS UDP size set to 512 compared to those
	we have a size >= 1200?  That should give you a percentage
	figure on how many queries will be affected.

	This thread started with a unsupported supposition that
	there are lots of queries that will cause problems.  I've
	seen no figures to back that up.  I know that there will
	be some queries come in with EDNS UDP size set to 512.

	Mark

> Regards,
> -drc
> 
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Cc: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>,  Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024
References: <200906050205.n5525TNM014056@drugs.dv.isc.org>
From: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Date: Fri, 05 Jun 2009 12:01:32 +0200
In-Reply-To: <200906050205.n5525TNM014056@drugs.dv.isc.org> (Mark Andrews's message of "Fri\, 05 Jun 2009 12\:05\:29 +1000")
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* Mark Andrews:

> 	Do all the root server fragment packets so that the smallest
> 	fragment contains the initial segment so that the probability
> 	of out of order fragement is reduced?  This helps firewalls
> 	and NAT's that only process fragmented responses correctly
> 	when the initial fragment arrives first.

Last time I checked, the roots (except one) did not perform PMTUD, so
fragmentation is not under their control.  Many DNS servers send the
final fragment first anyway.  This is not very likely to change.

Anyway, I doubt you'll find serious stateful packet filters which do
not reassemble all packets traversing the device (and fragment again,
if needed).  Stateless filters are a different story, of course, but
to them, the order of fragments doesn't matter, either.

To be honest, I have serious doubts if it makes sense to worry about
this.  Chances are that DNS traffic moves to IPv6 faster than we can
reach consensus. 8-/

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun  5 03:19:03 2009
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To: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Cc: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>,  namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Increasing hash collision resilience
References: <82eiumzw0c.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <82eiumh8md.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <p062408a3c6371aec7e69@[10.20.30.158]> <657C3F2AEF32EF82F184504D@Ximines.local>
From: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Date: Fri, 05 Jun 2009 12:14:08 +0200
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* Alex Bligh:

> --On 18 May 2009 07:05:02 -0700 Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org> wrot=
e:
>
>> I do *not* support the use of randomized hashing for DNSSEC; the use of
>> already-defined better hash algorithms (SHA-256) is a much better option.
>
> Assuming that Florian's suggestion was not to mandate use of a nonce
> now,

Certainly not.  The idea was to make sure that it is interoperable
(both in a technical and a social sense), but leave it up to zone
signers whether they want to include it or not.

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Increasing hash collision resilience
References: <82eiumzw0c.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <82eiumh8md.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <200905181642.n4IGg5tw027927@stora.ogud.com> <823ab1ed6t.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <200905191225.n4JCP8S3040806@stora.ogud.com>
From: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Date: Fri, 05 Jun 2009 12:18:12 +0200
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* Olafur Gudmundsson:

> Once a target DS signature is generated the attacker has only the
> "effective" life signature to play with, trying to
> create a collision signature. If parent is using predictable timing
> values the attacker still has to submit the "attack DS set" during a
> one second window to have a good chance to get the right signature values.

This was true for the certificate validity period in Lenstra's attack.

> The attack you are describing is available against all RR types (DS
> is just most attractive one). Thus if a fix is needed that should
> protect all types not just one.

In many cases, the attack can be avoided by introducing delegation.

> A better solution is to recommend that when signing records the
> timer values be randomly picked from a range for example:
>         sig init                [curr time-256..curr_time]
>         sig expire      [lifetime-3600..curr_time+3600]
>         TTL             [standard_TTL-1024..standard_TTL+1024]
>
> This has no protocol implications.

This should work, too.  Hopefully, it give interested parties enough
bits.  Thanks for the suggestion.

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun  5 04:25:40 2009
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Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 08:20:07 -0300
From: Rafael Dantas Justo <rafael@registro.br>
To: Aki Tuomi <Aki.Tuomi@tdc.fi>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Signing a zone and record
Message-ID: <20090605112007.GB97057@registro.br>
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Aki,

You will find in RFC 4034 - section 3.1.8.

Regards,
Rafael Justo

On Fri, Jun 05, 2009 at 10:04:18AM +0300, Aki Tuomi wrote:
> Which RFC / document specifies the actions required to produce valid signature for zone and record data, as produced by dnssec-signzone? 
> 
> ---
> Aki Tuomi
> Systems Specialist
> TDC Oy
> +358 30 994 2348
> +358 50 994 2348
> 
> 
> 
> 

-- 
--
Atenciosamente,
Rafael Justo
Engenheiro de Software
rafael@registro.br
Registro .BR - Engenharia
Tel.: +55(11)55093508

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
References: <200905081453.n48ErDH3055593@stora.ogud.com> <200905201528.n4KFSsI3055828@stora.ogud.com> <200906041444.n54EiF2e005370@stora.ogud.com>
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[ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
   a non-subscriber, or because it was over 20K.  
   With the massive amount of spam, it is easy to miss and therefore 
   delete relevant posts by non-subscribers. 
   Please fix your subscription addresses. ]

The document looks good overall, and I support it to go forward in the
adoption process.

The only relevant bit that stands out is the absence of "why" from the
doc. It may have some political reason, but it simply is bad practice in
my view. Point 1 states:

"   When the MD5 [RFC1321] security came to be considered lower than
   expected, [RFC4635] standardized new TSIG algorithms based on SHA
   [RFC3174][RFC3874][RFC4634] digests.

   But [RFC4635] did not deprecate the HMAC-MD5 algorithm."

So, there is implicitly a reason to now go back and degrade MD5's status
to optional. I know the papers, you know the papers. Something should be
said here to explain why we are doing this -- or, if there is no reason,
 we should not be doing it.

Just so that it is clear, I _do_ support the change. I think we should
explain why, however, with something along the thought line of "as
research is progressively weakening MD5's cryptographic strength, it is
now time to allocate mandatory status to algorithms not as of yet so
compromised".

I do not like (6), which goes in the opposite direction. We are doing
this because we believe there is a reason to, are we? :

"6. Security Considerations


   This document does not assume anything about the cryptographic
   security of different hash algorithms.  Its purpose is a better
   availability of some security mechanisms in a predictable time frame."


The second statement is good, the first not so much. Again, we are
trying to allocate mandatory status to algorithms that are not as far
down the process of being compromised... there may be  nicer way to put
it, but someone reading the doc should be able to understand why this is
done without outside knowledge of MD5's progressive weakening.


 This is my only correction, but I feel pretty strongly that the doc
should explain /why/ it is doing /what/ it is doing.

 Best -F


Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:
> 
> Please someone take few minutes to say you have read the document,
> and your impression of it document !!
> 
> I'm extending the LC until June 10'th,
> IF we do not have 5 reviews by then the document will be killed!!!!!
> 
>         Olafur
> 
> 
> At 12:31 20/05/2009, Ólafur Guðmundsson /DNSEXT wrote:
>> Reminder
>> we still need more reviews.
>>
>> In particular none of the people that supported adoption has
>> submitted one.
>>
>>         Olafur
>>
>> Ps: in case you forgot if you supported the document (and agreed to
>> review)
>> Roy Arends, Mark Andrews, Olaf Kolkman, Patrik Fältström, Joe Abley,
>> Brian Dickson, Edward Lewis, Mike StJohns
>>
>> At 18:19 08/05/2009, Ólafur Guðmundsson /DNSEXT wrote:
>>
>>> This note starts a Working Group Last Call for this Standards Track
>>> document
>>> ending on midnight May 24'th UTZ 2009.
>>>
>>> URL for the document and its history:
>>> http://tools.ietf.org/wg/dnsext/draft-ietf-dnsext-tsig-md5-deprecated/
>>>
>>> This document is on the Standards Track,  The document updates
>>> standards track
>>> documents and redefines an IANA registry.
>>>
>>> Please read the document carefully, and send your comments to the
>>> mailing list.
>>>
>>> The document process rules in this working group, require that at least
>>> 5 members of the working to state that they have reviewed the document
>>> and there is consensus of support to publish it as a Standards Track
>>> RFC.
>>>
>>>         Olafur (for the chairs)
>>>
>>>
>>>
>>> -- 
>>> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
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>>
>>
>> -- 
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> 
> 
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-- 
_________________________________________
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Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 10:21:40 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: [dnsext] WGLC: draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-rsasha256-14.txt 
Message-ID: <20090605142139.GE20690@shinkuro.com>
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Dear colleagues,

On Thu, Jun 04, 2009 at 06:15:01AM -0700, Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
> This draft is a work item of the DNS Extensions Working Group of the IETF.
> 
> 
> 	Title           : Use of SHA-2 algorithms with RSA in DNSKEY and RRSIG Resource Records for DNSSEC
> 	Author(s)       : J. Jansen
> 	Filename        : draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-rsasha256-14.txt
> 	Pages           : 10
> 	Date            : 2009-06-04

You may recall that we had what was originally apparently a successful
WGLC on this document, but that after it was sent to the IESG some new
objections surfaced.

The Editor has, we believe, addressed the concerns that were raised
after WGLC last time.

This message starts a nine-day WGLC on the revised document.  The WGLC
will close on 2009-06-15 at 09:00 EDT.  

Please note that, because we had adequate review last time and decided
to send the document to the IESG, we do not require the usual five
expressions of positive review in order to send the document along.
It would be very helpful, however, if those who objected last time
stated explicitly whether their objections were addressed.
Nevertheless, I will interpret silence as consent.  The document will
proceed to the IESG as it stands in the absence of objections.

Best regards,

Andrew

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 08:07:30 -0700
To: Federico Lucifredi <flucifredi@acm.org>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
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At 10:37 PM -0400 6/4/09, Federico Lucifredi wrote:
>The document looks good overall, and I support it to go forward in the
>adoption process.
>
>The only relevant bit that stands out is the absence of "why" from the
>doc. It may have some political reason, but it simply is bad practice in
>my view. Point 1 states:
>
>"   When the MD5 [RFC1321] security came to be considered lower than
>   expected, [RFC4635] standardized new TSIG algorithms based on SHA
>   [RFC3174][RFC3874][RFC4634] digests.
>
>   But [RFC4635] did not deprecate the HMAC-MD5 algorithm."
>
>So, there is implicitly a reason to now go back and degrade MD5's status
>to optional. I know the papers, you know the papers. Something should be
>said here to explain why we are doing this -- or, if there is no reason,
> we should not be doing it.

Exactly. So, if you "know the papers", please point out in any paper why it is justified that we deprecate MD5 in the uses covered in this draft. I can find none, but I might be missing something.

>Just so that it is clear, I _do_ support the change. I think we should
>explain why, however, with something along the thought line of "as
>research is progressively weakening MD5's cryptographic strength, it is
>now time to allocate mandatory status to algorithms not as of yet so
>compromised".

To the best of my knowledge, there is no research weakening MD5's cryptographic strength in preimage attack. Again, I'm happy if you can point out research that I have missed, or show how the now-obvious weakening of MD5's collision resistance affects the use of HMAC-MD5 or MD5 used between trusted parties in TSIG.

>I do not like (6), which goes in the opposite direction.

At least it is honest.

>We are doing
>this because we believe there is a reason to, are we?

So far, no.

>:
>
>"6. Security Considerations
>
>
>   This document does not assume anything about the cryptographic
>   security of different hash algorithms.  Its purpose is a better
>   availability of some security mechanisms in a predictable time frame."
>
>
>The second statement is good, the first not so much. Again, we are
>trying to allocate mandatory status to algorithms that are not as far
>down the process of being compromised... there may be  nicer way to put
>it, but someone reading the doc should be able to understand why this is
>done without outside knowledge of MD5's progressive weakening.
>
>
> This is my only correction, but I feel pretty strongly that the doc
>should explain /why/ it is doing /what/ it is doing.

Do you feel that way even if the answer is "there is no cryptographic indication that we should be doing this, but people are afraid of the name 'MD5' so we are deprecating it for that reason"?

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC: draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-rsasha256-14.txt
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At 10:21 AM -0400 6/5/09, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
>You may recall that we had what was originally apparently a successful
>WGLC on this document, but that after it was sent to the IESG some new
>objections surfaced.
>
>The Editor has, we believe, addressed the concerns that were raised
>after WGLC last time.
>
>This message starts a nine-day WGLC on the revised document.  The WGLC
>will close on 2009-06-15 at 09:00 EDT. 

The diffs at <http://tools.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-rsasha256-14.txt> seem fine.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun  5 09:54:02 2009
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Florian,

On Jun 5, 2009, at 3:01 AM, Florian Weimer wrote:
> To be honest, I have serious doubts if it makes sense to worry about
> this.

How many TCP sessions are the root servers prepared to handle?

> Chances are that DNS traffic moves to IPv6 faster than we can
> reach consensus. 8-/

We reached consensus.  See RFC 3226.

Regards,
-drc


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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 04 Jun 2009 18:28:33 +0200." <1244132913.4151.350.camel@shane-asus-laptop> 
References: <200905081453.n48ErDH3055593@stora.ogud.com> <200905201528.n4KFSsI3055828@stora.ogud.com> <200906041444.n54EiF2e005370@stora.ogud.com> <p06240801c64d9fc2b757@[10.20.30.158]>  <1244132913.4151.350.camel@shane-asus-laptop> 
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> From: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>
> Date: Thu, 04 Jun 2009 18:28:33 +0200
> 
> The document changes the mandatory support for MD5 to optional. Peers can
> continue to use it as long as they want, if they have software that
> supports it.

so it's not being deprecated, and the name of the draft is wrong, and the
title of the draft is wrong?  i'd like the word "deprecated" stripped from
the text in that case.  if we're just relaxing the "mandatoriness" then we
ought to say that, to avoid confusing operators and future implementors.

i would be in support of this draft with that clarification.

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From: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024 
Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 10:02:11 -0700
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Mark,

On Jun 4, 2009, at 7:05 PM, Mark Andrews wrote:
>> How big are signed NXDOMAIN responses?
>
> 	What sized ZSK's are you going to be using?  Are you going
> 	to double sign or just replace when re-signing?

Final decision on this hasn't been made (at least to my knowledge) and  
I'm the wrong person to ask.  However, an example using what I believe  
are best common practices can be found at ns.iana.org.

> 	How many of those NXDOMAIN queries should not need to be
> 	generated in the first place?

Not sure how this is relevant unless you've created a tool that makes  
people stop miconfiguring stuff/ being stupid.

> 	When DNSSEC is enabled there will be a jump.   The long term
> 	trend depends on a lot of things.
[bunch of changes of how things are deleted]

I'd suggest we discuss the Internet as it is and will likely continue  
to be the day after the root is signed, not as we might like it to be.

> 	And there are also reasons to fallback to a smaller number
> 	when the initial setting fails.  Unfortunately 512 it the
> 	obvious choise when falling back as it passes through almost
> 	all devices.

Lovely.  Turn off DO if you fall back to a buffer size less than 1220.

Regards,
-drc


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Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 17:06:16 +0000
From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
Cc: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>, Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024
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On Fri, Jun 05, 2009 at 09:49:18AM -0700, David Conrad wrote:
> Florian,
> 
> On Jun 5, 2009, at 3:01 AM, Florian Weimer wrote:
> >To be honest, I have serious doubts if it makes sense to worry about
> >this.
> 
> How many TCP sessions are the root servers prepared to handle?

	to be fair, your should likely recast this as:

	how many concurrent TCP sessions are DNS servers prepared to handle?


> Regards,
> -drc

--bill

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024
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At 13:06 05/06/2009, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
>On Fri, Jun 05, 2009 at 09:49:18AM -0700, David Conrad wrote:
> > Florian,
> >
> > On Jun 5, 2009, at 3:01 AM, Florian Weimer wrote:
> > >To be honest, I have serious doubts if it makes sense to worry about
> > >this.
> >
> > How many TCP sessions are the root servers prepared to handle?
>
>         to be fair, your should likely recast this as:
>
>         how many concurrent TCP sessions are DNS servers prepared to handle?

Bill,
you are a root server operator,
what order of magnitude of concurrent TCP sessions are YOUR DNS servers
prepared to handle?
          10^x  x = ?

         Olafur
   


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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
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cc: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>, Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024 
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> From: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
> Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 09:49:18 -0700
> 
> How many TCP sessions are the root servers prepared to handle?

very few.  a fraction of a fraction of a fraction of current udp volume.
this is not a fault in the root server design or provisioning, but in the
dns protocol itself.

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cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024 
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> From: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
> Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 10:02:11 -0700
> ...
> Lovely.  Turn off DO if you fall back to a buffer size less than 1220.

without intending this as instructions to marka, i have to say, i agree.

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 05 Jun 2009 17:06:16 GMT." <20090605170616.GA7209@vacation.karoshi.com.> 
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> Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 17:06:16 +0000
> From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
> 
> > How many TCP sessions are the root servers prepared to handle?
> 
> 	to be fair, your should likely recast this as:
> 
> 	how many concurrent TCP sessions are DNS servers prepared to handle?

very, very, few.

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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024
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On Fri, Jun 05, 2009 at 01:11:14PM -0400, Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:
> At 13:06 05/06/2009, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> >On Fri, Jun 05, 2009 at 09:49:18AM -0700, David Conrad wrote:
> >> Florian,
> >>
> >> On Jun 5, 2009, at 3:01 AM, Florian Weimer wrote:
> >> >To be honest, I have serious doubts if it makes sense to worry about
> >> >this.
> >>
> >> How many TCP sessions are the root servers prepared to handle?
> >
> >        to be fair, your should likely recast this as:
> >
> >        how many concurrent TCP sessions are DNS servers prepared to 
> >        handle?
> 
> Bill,
> you are a root server operator,
> what order of magnitude of concurrent TCP sessions are YOUR DNS servers
> prepared to handle?
>          10^x  x = ?
> 
>         Olafur

	before or after we tune the OS and the DNS server software?
	defaults are quite small, since the expectation is UDP...

--bill

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Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 10:53:15 -0700
Message-ID: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: [dnsext] Distributing the root zone out of band
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Fri, Jun 5, 2009 at 10:11 AM, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com> wrote:
> Bill,
> you are a root server operator,
> what order of magnitude of concurrent TCP sessions are YOUR DNS servers
> prepared to handle?
> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 10^x =A0x =3D ?

If we're worried about overloading the root servers, why not advocate
more caches download the root zone out of band?  E.g., it's already
possible to download a zlib compressed root zone file from
http://www.internic.net/domain/ along with a PGP signature (signed by
the same people that will hold the root zone's DNSSEC keys), verify
it, and configure your DNS cache to use it.  This can be easily
automated by a monthly cron job.

Large TLD operators can then stop worrying about making sure their
delegation records fit into a single 512 byte packet.

It's also possible to distribute the root zone file and signature
using mechanisms like BitTorrent to further distribute load.

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Date: Fri, 05 Jun 2009 15:00:59 -0400
To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>, David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
From: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024 
Cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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At 13:30 05/06/2009, Paul Vixie wrote:
> > From: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
> > Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 10:02:11 -0700
> > ...
> > Lovely.  Turn off DO if you fall back to a buffer size less than 1220.
>
>without intending this as instructions to marka, i have to say, i agree.

This is not just Bind at least: drill, unbound, Net::DNS, and dnsjava
have the same issue.
I can see that tools like drill that are used for testing can overwrite
the RFC3226 recommendation, but recursive resolvers should by default 
not do that.

At the same time if the recommendation in RFC3226 is out-of-date then we should
update it.

         Olafur


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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 05 Jun 2009 17:47:59 GMT." <20090605174759.GA7676@vacation.karoshi.com.> 
References: <200906050205.n5525TNM014056@drugs.dv.isc.org> <824ouvvw1v.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <BD1AB3EA-01BE-4C42-9E55-0706D2667551@virtualized.org> <20090605170616.GA7209@vacation.karoshi.com> <200906051711.n55HBOKg006030@stora.ogud.com>  <20090605174759.GA7676@vacation.karoshi.com.> 
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> Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 17:47:59 +0000
> From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
> >          10^x  x = ?
> 
> 	before or after we tune the OS and the DNS server software?
> 	defaults are quite small, since the expectation is UDP...

the speed of light being a constant, but with the number of connected
endsystems and networks increasing, and with the density of interconnects
gradually declining... tuning does not matter.  it's those darn round trips.


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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
cc: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Distributing the root zone out of band 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 05 Jun 2009 10:53:15 MST." <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> 
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> Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 10:53:15 -0700
> From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
> 
> If we're worried about overloading the root servers,

we're not.  it's any authoritative server.  the root servers are being
used as a narrow example but the com, com.br, co.uk, cn, and other zones
are going to have the same issue.

> why not advocate more caches download the root zone out of band?

because it goes stale, and gets deliberately amended, leading to chaos.

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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Cc: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Distributing the root zone out of band
Message-ID: <20090605214753.GC8807@vacation.karoshi.com.>
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On Fri, Jun 05, 2009 at 09:41:44PM +0000, Paul Vixie wrote:
> > Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 10:53:15 -0700
> > From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
> > 
> > If we're worried about overloading the root servers,
> 
> we're not.  it's any authoritative server.  the root servers are being
> used as a narrow example but the com, com.br, co.uk, cn, and other zones
> are going to have the same issue.

	hence the ammended query... "concurrent TCP sessions to nameservers"

> > why not advocate more caches download the root zone out of band?
> 
> because it goes stale, and gets deliberately amended, leading to chaos.

	there are plans to significantly change the dynamic on/in
	the root zone.  designing a stratagy that presumes a fairly
	small, static root zone might be short sighted.

--bill

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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024
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On Fri, Jun 05, 2009 at 09:38:31PM +0000, Paul Vixie wrote:
> > Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 17:47:59 +0000
> > From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
> > >          10^x  x = ?
> > 
> > 	before or after we tune the OS and the DNS server software?
> > 	defaults are quite small, since the expectation is UDP...
> 
> the speed of light being a constant, but with the number of connected
> endsystems and networks increasing, and with the density of interconnects
> gradually declining... tuning does not matter.  it's those darn round trips.

	well that and the half-open problems... but thats not what
	Olafur asked about...  

	he asked how many... and I can't answer him w/o knowing if he wants
	the defaults or the tuned numbers. I'm not going to give him both

--bill



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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
cc: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Distributing the root zone out of band 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 05 Jun 2009 21:47:53 GMT." <20090605214753.GC8807@vacation.karoshi.com.> 
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com>  <20090605214753.GC8807@vacation.karoshi.com.> 
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> Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 21:47:53 +0000
> From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
> 
> 	hence the ammended query... "concurrent TCP sessions to nameservers"

whether talking merely about concurrency or not, tcp/53 doesn't scale to
within four orders of magnitude of the QPS of udp/53.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun  5 16:01:12 2009
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Subject: [dnsext] Proposal to make DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC required"
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Greetings again. Appendix A.1 in RFC 4034 has the initial list of algorithm types for DNSSEC. To add to that table, one needs a standards-track RFC. This means that an signature algorithm that cannot be embodied in a standards-track RFC, such as because it is not completely in English, cannot be used interoperably in DNSSEC. For example, this might prevent the GOST work the WG has taken on from being used if the eventual RFC is Informational instead of Standards Track.

This seems unnecessarily limiting. I am not aware of any other WG that requires a standards track RFC for allocating an identifier for a cryptographic specification. *Many* cryptographic specifications are described in Informational RFCs, and this has not been a problem for anyone.

Therefore, I propose that the WG take on a short revision to RFC 4034 that makes the one change of making assignments into the IANA registry for DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC Published". In addition, it would allow IANA to pre-assign values based on requests from an Area Director. This would allow Internet Drafts that are proposing new signature algorithms to contain valid examples of records using the proposed algorithms.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 23:08:02 +0000
From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Distributing the root zone out of band
Message-ID: <20090605230802.GA9219@vacation.karoshi.com.>
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <20090605214753.GC8807@vacation.karoshi.com.> <d791b8790906051457r7ec0ba36i97bd73c81eb251be@mail.gmail.com>
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On Fri, Jun 05, 2009 at 02:57:42PM -0700, Matthew Dempsky wrote:
> On Fri, Jun 5, 2009 at 2:47 PM,  <bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com> wrote:
> >        there are plans to significantly change the dynamic on/in
> >        the root zone.  designing a stratagy that presumes a fairly
> >        small, static root zone might be short sighted.
> 
> Plans to significantly change the size and/or dynamic nature of the
> root zone might be short sighted if the future requires a small,
> [slowly changing] root zone.

	yes.  but it seems clear that the POB have a very different view
	on what the future requirement might be.  if you have thoughts on
	this...

	http://www.icann.org/en/public-comment/public-comment-200907.html#root-scaling


--bill

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Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 23:09:53 +0000
From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Distributing the root zone out of band
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References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <20090605214753.GC8807@vacation.karoshi.com.> <49795.1244240578@nsa.vix.com>
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On Fri, Jun 05, 2009 at 10:22:58PM +0000, Paul Vixie wrote:
> > Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 21:47:53 +0000
> > From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
> > 
> > 	hence the ammended query... "concurrent TCP sessions to nameservers"
> 
> whether talking merely about concurrency or not, tcp/53 doesn't scale to
> within four orders of magnitude of the QPS of udp/53.

	sure. and???  Olafurs question still stands.

--bill

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
cc: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Distributing the root zone out of band 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 05 Jun 2009 23:09:53 GMT." <20090605230953.GB9219@vacation.karoshi.com.> 
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <20090605214753.GC8807@vacation.karoshi.com.> <49795.1244240578@nsa.vix.com>  <20090605230953.GB9219@vacation.karoshi.com.> 
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> Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 23:09:53 +0000
> From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
...
> > > 	hence the ammended query... "concurrent TCP sessions to nameservers"
> > 
> > whether talking merely about concurrency or not, tcp/53 doesn't scale to
> > within four orders of magnitude of the QPS of udp/53.
> 
> 	sure. and???  Olafurs question still stands.

the answer is, the number is so low as to not be worth measuring precisely.
any solution that ends in "or else we'll fall back to tcp/53" is quite doomed.

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Distributing the root zone out of band 
Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 16:48:36 -0700
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com>  <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com>
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On Jun 5, 2009, at 2:41 PM, Paul Vixie wrote:
> From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
>> why not advocate more caches download the root zone out of band?

Great idea!

> because it goes stale, and gets deliberately amended, leading to  
> chaos.

Not if the root zone is slaved off a (set of) masters.  Like, oh say,  
root.iana.org...

Regards,
-drc


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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
cc: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Distributing the root zone out of band 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 05 Jun 2009 16:48:36 MST." <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> 
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> From: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
> Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 16:48:36 -0700
> 
> > because it goes stale, and gets deliberately amended, leading to  chaos.
> 
> Not if the root zone is slaved off a (set of) masters.  Like, oh say,
> root.iana.org...

does iana want the rootops to start pulling the root zone from that server?

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Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 18:23:30 -0700
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Distributing the root zone out of band
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Cc: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Fri, Jun 5, 2009 at 5:48 PM, Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org> wrote:
> does iana want the rootops to start pulling the root zone from that server?

No.  Open source software distributors have figured out how to
efficiently mirror files much, much larger than the root zone.  The
root zone operators should follow their model.

Example: According to [1], the Ubuntu Linux distribution has 300
mirrors with total bandwidth exceeding 250 Gbps available over HTTP,
FTP, and RSYNC.  According to [2], mirroring a single Ubuntu release
requires at least 30GB, and a full mirror takes at least 200GB.

I think the Internet has the resources to mirror the dozen or so files
at http://www.internic.net/domain/. :)

[1] https://launchpad.net/ubuntu/+archivemirrors
[2] http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/mirror/2

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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: ogud@ogud.com
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Distributing the root zone out of band
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On Fri, Jun 05, 2009 at 11:27:01PM +0000, Paul Vixie wrote:
> > Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 23:09:53 +0000
> > From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
> ...
> > > > 	hence the ammended query... "concurrent TCP sessions to nameservers"
> > > 
> > > whether talking merely about concurrency or not, tcp/53 doesn't scale to
> > > within four orders of magnitude of the QPS of udp/53.
> > 
> > 	sure. and???  Olafurs question still stands.
> 
> the answer is, the number is so low as to not be worth measuring precisely.
> any solution that ends in "or else we'll fall back to tcp/53" is quite doomed.

	there you go Olafur, Paul has answered your question for me. :)

--bill

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
cc: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Distributing the root zone out of band 
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> Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 18:23:30 -0700
> From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
> 
> On Fri, Jun 5, 2009 at 5:48 PM, Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org> wrote:
> > does iana want the rootops to start pulling the root zone from that server?
> 
> No.

are you the iana?

> Open source software distributors have figured out how to efficiently
> mirror files much, much larger than the root zone.  The root zone
> operators should follow their model.

since i was doing this at gatekeeper.dec.com in 1989 and my boss was doing
it at ftp.uu.net even earlier, and since my day job now hosts or operates
mirrors for just about every f/l/oss project, i am amused by your lecture.

> Example: According to [1], the Ubuntu Linux distribution has 300
> mirrors with total bandwidth exceeding 250 Gbps available over HTTP,
> FTP, and RSYNC.  According to [2], mirroring a single Ubuntu release
> requires at least 30GB, and a full mirror takes at least 200GB.
> 
> I think the Internet has the resources to mirror the dozen or so files
> at http://www.internic.net/domain/. :)

changing them every day, plus more often in emergencies, and avoiding the
ever present tendancy to let them get out of date or concatenate local TLDs
into each host's mix, are the problems.  not the bits.

but we are far afield.  the root zone isn't the interesting part.  nor the
other files on www.internic.net.  it's all authority zones, everywhere, and
i don't think we want to rsync those to every endsystem.  (we abandoned the
old HOSTS.TXT file for several reasons, of which "scale" was one.)

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Distributing the root zone out of band 
Date: Fri, 5 Jun 2009 19:19:40 -0700
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com>  <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org>  <55897.1244249293@nsa.vix.com>
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On Jun 5, 2009, at 5:48 PM, Paul Vixie wrote:
>> Not if the root zone is slaved off a (set of) masters.  Like, oh say,
>> root.iana.org...
> does iana want the rootops to start pulling the root zone from that  
> server?

Well, I'm told IANA doesn't exist, so it would be difficult for it to  
want anything.  I'm also told the root servers were independent and  
thus, even if IANA were to exist, the root servers operators would do  
what they thought best for the communities they believe they serve  
regardless of what anyone else wants.

:-)  (if anyone actually needed this)

More seriously, root.iana.org is part of a two testbeds (the other  
being ns.iana.org) ICANN set up for folks to test a DNSSEC-signed  
root.  I expect they'll both be discontinued when the root gets  
signed.  However, this is somewhat orthogonal to what Matthew was  
proposing.  The point is that your concern about staleness of the  
'cached' root zone would not be an issue if people slave off a (set  
of) servers set up to respond to root zone transfer requests.

Regards,
-drc


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun  5 23:14:23 2009
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Subject: [dnsext] TCP queries to the root servers
Date: Sat, 6 Jun 2009 07:07:48 +0100
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com>  <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org>
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On 6 Jun 2009, at 00:48, David Conrad wrote:

>> because it goes stale, and gets deliberately amended, leading to  
>> chaos.
>
> Not if the root zone is slaved off a (set of) masters.  Like, oh  
> say, root.iana.org...

How many TCP queries can this set of masters handle? :-)

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Distributing the root zone out of band
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* Paul Vixie:

> changing them every day, plus more often in emergencies, and avoiding the
> ever present tendancy to let them get out of date or concatenate local TLDs
> into each host's mix, are the problems.  not the bits.

We need this for the trust anchor(s) anyway (including non-DNS
fallback for the download).  Once we've got that, it's not a
significant challenge to ship more than just DNSKEYs---except that the
root is already fragmented and we don't know what contents our users
see or want, so this is unlikely to work on a global scale.  (I don't
know what this means for the trust anchors, but I think we'll know the
answer in a couple of months.)

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sat Jun  6 08:14:47 2009
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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>
To: Olaf Kolkman <olaf@NLnetLabs.nl>
cc: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated 
In-reply-to: Your message of Thu, 04 Jun 2009 18:10:56 +0200. <586D8C19-F943-4573-A6CB-705DD46FF169@NLnetLabs.nl> 
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   Also in the introduction
   Context:
   security came to be considered lower than expected
   Question:
   Is there a stable and recognized reference for that claim?
   
=> it is the RFC4635 itself but if you'd like a stable and
recognized reference about HMAC-MD5 itself there is none.
   
   If there is a stable and recognized reference about the claim for SHA1  
   that might be useful
   
=> again there is no claim about HMAC-SHA1 but annoncements about
both weaknesses in SHA-1 (you can get a lot in crypto conferences,
BTW if a significant progress is done the situation could become
not so funny :-) and which is more related to the document about
some usages (which don't include HMAC) of SHA-1 in
http://csrc.nist.gov/groups/ST/toolkit/secure_hashing.html
 If you prefer RFCs or I-Ds draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-rsasha256-14.txt
or RFC 4509 should be fine and are in the domain...

Thanks

Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sun Jun  7 01:48:21 2009
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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>
To: Federico Lucifredi <flucifredi@acm.org>
cc: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated 
In-reply-to: Your message of Thu, 04 Jun 2009 22:37:13 EDT. <4A2884D9.8020408@acm.org> 
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   I do not like (6), which goes in the opposite direction.

=> the reason is in (5) and BTW is not a security reason...

Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sun Jun  7 02:15:17 2009
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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>
To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated 
In-reply-to: Your message of Fri, 05 Jun 2009 16:52:01 -0000. <31631.1244220721@nsa.vix.com> 
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   so it's not being deprecated, and the name of the draft is wrong, and the
   title of the draft is wrong?  i'd like the word "deprecated" stripped from
   the text in that case.  if we're just relaxing the "mandatoriness" then we
   ought to say that, to avoid confusing operators and future implementors.
   
=> I agree the term deprecate is a bit too strong... but obsolete
is not really better, what do you propose?

Thanks

Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr

PS: the two remaining issues are the wording for HMAC-MD5 use (I suggest
to go to lower cases) and the interoperability of TKEY.

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From: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>
To: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated 
Date: Sun, 7 Jun 2009 11:05:34 -0400
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On 7-Jun-2009, at 05:10, Francis Dupont wrote:

> In your previous mail you wrote:
>
>   so it's not being deprecated, and the name of the draft is wrong,  
> and the
>   title of the draft is wrong?  i'd like the word "deprecated"  
> stripped from
>   the text in that case.  if we're just relaxing the "mandatoriness"  
> then we
>   ought to say that, to avoid confusing operators and future  
> implementors.
>
> => I agree the term deprecate is a bit too strong... but obsolete
> is not really better, what do you propose?

"no longer recommended"?


Joe

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 07 Jun 2009 11:10:59 +0200." <200906070911.n579AxP4006969@givry.fdupont.fr> 
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> From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>
> Date: Sun, 07 Jun 2009 11:10:59 +0200
>    
> => I agree the term deprecate is a bit too strong... but obsolete
> is not really better, what do you propose?

something like "relax".

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To: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>
cc: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 07 Jun 2009 11:05:34 -0400." <20A36925-CBA9-4087-9A13-B35EAB6D9FBE@hopcount.ca> 
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> From: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>
> Date: Sun, 7 Jun 2009 11:05:34 -0400
> 
> > => I agree the term deprecate is a bit too strong... but obsolete
> > is not really better, what do you propose?
> 
> "no longer recommended"?

that's too strong.

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Date: Sun, 7 Jun 2009 14:50:27 -0400
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
From: Donald Eastlake <d3e3e3@gmail.com>
To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Cc: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>, Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>,  namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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"No longer mandatory"?
=============================
 Donald E. Eastlake 3rd   +1-508-634-2066 (home)
 155 Beaver Street
 Milford, MA 01757 USA
 d3e3e3@gmail.com



On Sun, Jun 7, 2009 at 2:00 PM, Paul Vixie<vixie@isc.org> wrote:
>> From: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>
>> Date: Sun, 7 Jun 2009 11:05:34 -0400
>>
>> > => I agree the term deprecate is a bit too strong... but obsolete
>> > is not really better, what do you propose?
>>
>> "no longer recommended"?
>
> that's too strong.
>
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To: Donald Eastlake <d3e3e3@gmail.com>
cc: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>, Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 07 Jun 2009 14:50:27 -0400." <1028365c0906071150u4efbd6ebu402df4ceedcaae7a@mail.gmail.com> 
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> "No longer mandatory"?

right strength, wrong timeliness.  we need a timeless phrase.

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated 
Date: Sun, 7 Jun 2009 15:00:42 -0400
References: <200906070911.n579AxP4006969@givry.fdupont.fr> <20A36925-CBA9-4087-9A13-B35EAB6D9FBE@hopcount.ca> <52224.1244397659@nsa.vix.com>  <1028365c0906071150u4efbd6ebu402df4ceedcaae7a@mail.gmail.com>  <54369.1244401168@nsa.vix.com>
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On 7-Jun-2009, at 14:59, Paul Vixie wrote:

>> "No longer mandatory"?
>
> right strength, wrong timeliness.  we need a timeless phrase.

"not mandatory"? :-)


Joe


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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>
cc: Donald Eastlake <d3e3e3@gmail.com>, Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Sun, 07 Jun 2009 15:00:42 -0400." <C50D9350-DC62-4ADB-B19E-66CDCF16138E@hopcount.ca> 
References: <200906070911.n579AxP4006969@givry.fdupont.fr> <20A36925-CBA9-4087-9A13-B35EAB6D9FBE@hopcount.ca> <52224.1244397659@nsa.vix.com> <1028365c0906071150u4efbd6ebu402df4ceedcaae7a@mail.gmail.com> <54369.1244401168@nsa.vix.com>  <C50D9350-DC62-4ADB-B19E-66CDCF16138E@hopcount.ca> 
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> "not mandatory"? :-)

"is henceforth not required"

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated 
Date: Sun, 7 Jun 2009 15:25:50 -0400
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On 7-Jun-2009, at 15:18, Paul Vixie wrote:

>> "not mandatory"? :-)
>
> "is henceforth not required"

Since it's Sunday, I'll enlarge this thread by one more message and  
observe that "is henceforth not required" seems directly equivalent to  
"is no longer mandatory" in meaning, strength and timelessness, to me.

Given a choice between the two the latter seems kinder to non-native  
speakers since it avoids the use of the archaic word "henceforth".

We could simplify further and re-cast in a positive sense as "is  
optional".


Joe

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Date: Sun, 7 Jun 2009 13:52:17 -0700
To: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>
From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
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At 11:10 AM +0200 6/7/09, Francis Dupont wrote:
> In your previous mail you wrote:
>
>   so it's not being deprecated, and the name of the draft is wrong, and the
>   title of the draft is wrong?  i'd like the word "deprecated" stripped from
>   the text in that case.  if we're just relaxing the "mandatoriness" then we
>   ought to say that, to avoid confusing operators and future implementors.
>  
>=> I agree the term deprecate is a bit too strong... but obsolete
>is not really better, what do you propose?

As I said earlier, I propose that we do not move this document forward because it is unneeded and will lead to lack of interop for no good reason.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
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[ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
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Paul Hoffman wrote:
> At 10:37 PM -0400 6/4/09, Federico Lucifredi wrote:

[...]

>> So, there is implicitly a reason to now go back and degrade MD5's status
>> to optional. I know the papers, you know the papers. Something should be
>> said here to explain why we are doing this -- or, if there is no reason,
>> we should not be doing it.
> 
> Exactly. So, if you "know the papers", please point out in any paper why it is justified that we deprecate MD5 in the uses covered in this draft. I can find none, but I might be missing something.
> 

I looked around as well, and from what I can understand the algorithm is
quite crippled in terms of collisions (even more than I recalled), but
it seems that I cannot dig up a weakness impacting Keyed Hash applications.

It may be still good to obsolete SHA-1 and MD5, but, I would still like
to be able to list an objective reason rather than an unmentioned
general feeling of uneasiness with research in an apparently somewhat
unrelated weakness.

>> Just so that it is clear, I _do_ support the change. I think we should
>> explain why, however, with something along the thought line of "as
>> research is progressively weakening MD5's cryptographic strength, it is
>> now time to allocate mandatory status to algorithms not as of yet so
>> compromised".
> 
> To the best of my knowledge, there is no research weakening MD5's cryptographic strength in preimage attack. Again, I'm happy if you can point out research that I have missed, or show how the now-obvious weakening of MD5's collision resistance affects the use of HMAC-MD5 or MD5 used between trusted parties in TSIG.
> 

I can't find any.

>> I do not like (6), which goes in the opposite direction.
> 
> At least it is honest.
> 
>> We are doing
>> this because we believe there is a reason to, are we?
> 
> So far, no.

Definitely looks that way.

 Best -F

-- 
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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
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Paul Hoffman asked me to make this public:

[Me] I agree there is no crypto justification (even I talked two days ago
with some cryptographers who said things have changed since the
beginning of the year) but the operational justification still
applies: IMHO it is a real problem for a compliant implementation
(which have to support the mandatory HMAC-MD5) to not be allowed
to use a certified (FIPS 140-2 for instance) crypto module for
all crypto operations...

[Paul] Could you send this message to the whole list? I believe that
many people think there is a crypto justification, and it would be
good for them to hear this from the document's author directly.

Regards

Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr

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Subject: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
Date: Sun, 7 Jun 2009 14:38:07 -0700
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com>  <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com>
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> On 6 Jun 2009, at 00:48, David Conrad wrote:
>>> because it goes stale, and gets deliberately amended, leading to  
>>> chaos.
>> Not if the root zone is slaved off a (set of) masters.  Like, oh  
>> say, root.iana.org...
> How many TCP queries can this set of masters handle? :-)

Given the data is relatively stable (and thus could be replicated in  
an Akamai-like scheme) and the response requirements for zone transfer  
aren't anything like what they are for normal TCP queries, I'm not  
worried that the machines behind something like root.iana.org wouldn't  
be able to handle pretty much any load thrown at them.  Also, since  
the data is signed, it wouldn't really matter where/how you get it...

Regards,
-drc


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To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
CC: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
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Paul and all,

  Reluctantly I agree with Paul on this issue.

Paul Hoffman wrote:

> At 11:10 AM +0200 6/7/09, Francis Dupont wrote:
> > In your previous mail you wrote:
> >
> >   so it's not being deprecated, and the name of the draft is wrong, and the
> >   title of the draft is wrong?  i'd like the word "deprecated" stripped from
> >   the text in that case.  if we're just relaxing the "mandatoriness" then we
> >   ought to say that, to avoid confusing operators and future implementors.
> >
> >=> I agree the term deprecate is a bit too strong... but obsolete
> >is not really better, what do you propose?
>
> As I said earlier, I propose that we do not move this document forward because it is unneeded and will lead to lack of interop for no good reason.
>
> --Paul Hoffman, Director
> --VPN Consortium
>
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Regards,

Spokesman for INEGroup LLA. - (Over 284k members/stakeholders strong!)
"Obedience of the law is the greatest freedom" -
   Abraham Lincoln
"YES WE CAN!"  Barack ( Berry ) Obama

"Credit should go with the performance of duty and not with what is
very often the accident of glory" - Theodore Roosevelt

"If the probability be called P; the injury, L; and the burden, B;
liability depends upon whether B is less than L multiplied by
P: i.e., whether B is less than PL."
United States v. Carroll Towing  (159 F.2d 169 [2d Cir. 1947]
===============================================================
Updated 1/26/04
CSO/DIR. Internet Network Eng. SR. Eng. Network data security IDNS.
div. of Information Network Eng.  INEG. INC.
ABA member in good standing member ID 01257402 E-Mail
jwkckid1@ix.netcom.com
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sun Jun  7 18:36:08 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
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Thanks, this clarifies it for me.

 Best -F

Francis Dupont wrote:
> Paul Hoffman asked me to make this public:
> 
> [Me] I agree there is no crypto justification (even I talked two days ago
> with some cryptographers who said things have changed since the
> beginning of the year) but the operational justification still
> applies: IMHO it is a real problem for a compliant implementation
> (which have to support the mandatory HMAC-MD5) to not be allowed
> to use a certified (FIPS 140-2 for instance) crypto module for
> all crypto operations...
> 
> [Paul] Could you send this message to the whole list? I believe that
> many people think there is a crypto justification, and it would be
> good for them to hear this from the document's author directly.
> 
> Regards
> 
> Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
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Understood. The other mail forwarded to the thread makes the operational
rationale clear.

Perhaps a pointer in the Abstract, or in section (5) that the primary
reason is operational would help clarify first-time reading. It looks
like the initial assumption that there is some security problem is quite
common.

 Best-F

Francis Dupont wrote:
>  In your previous mail you wrote:
> 
>    I do not like (6), which goes in the opposite direction.
> 
> => the reason is in (5) and BTW is not a security reason...
> 
> Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr


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Thanks, this clarifies it for me.

 Best -F

Francis Dupont wrote:
> Paul Hoffman asked me to make this public:
> 
> [Me] I agree there is no crypto justification (even I talked two days ago
> with some cryptographers who said things have changed since the
> beginning of the year) but the operational justification still
> applies: IMHO it is a real problem for a compliant implementation
> (which have to support the mandatory HMAC-MD5) to not be allowed
> to use a certified (FIPS 140-2 for instance) crypto module for
> all crypto operations...
> 
> [Paul] Could you send this message to the whole list? I believe that
> many people think there is a crypto justification, and it would be
> good for them to hear this from the document's author directly.
> 
> Regards
> 
> Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>


-- 
_________________________________________
-- "'Problem' is a bleak word for challenge" - Richard Fish
(Federico L. Lucifredi) - lucifred@post.harvard.edu - GnuPG 0x4A73884C


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From: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
Cc: Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>,  Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>,  Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>,  namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org>
Date: Mon, 08 Jun 2009 08:22:05 +0200
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* David Conrad:

> Given the data is relatively stable (and thus could be replicated in
> an Akamai-like scheme) and the response requirements for zone transfer
> aren't anything like what they are for normal TCP queries, I'm not
> worried that the machines behind something like root.iana.org wouldn't
> be able to handle pretty much any load thrown at them.  Also, since
> the data is signed, it wouldn't really matter where/how you get it...

And if it's a zone transfer, you don't even leak traffic data to
strangers if you get it from the wrong place.

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Proposal to make DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC required"
From: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>
To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Cc: namedroppers@psg.com
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Paul,

On Fri, 2009-06-05 at 15:56 -0700, Paul Hoffman wrote:
> Therefore, I propose that the WG take on a short revision to RFC 4034 that makes the one change of making assignments into the IANA registry for DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC Published". In addition, it would allow IANA to pre-assign values based on requests from an Area Director. This would allow Internet Drafts that are proposing new signature algorithms to contain valid examples of records using the proposed algorithms.

This makes sense to me.

--
Shane


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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Cc: namedroppers@psg.com
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Proposal to make DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC required"
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On Fri, Jun 05, 2009 at 03:56:25PM -0700, Paul Hoffman wrote:
> Greetings again. Appendix A.1 in RFC 4034 has the initial list of algorithm types for DNSSEC. To add to that table, one needs a standards-track RFC. This means that an signature algorithm that cannot be embodied in a standards-track RFC, such as because it is not completely in English, cannot be used interoperably in DNSSEC. For example, this might prevent the GOST work the WG has taken on from being used if the eventual RFC is Informational instead of Standards Track.
> 
> This seems unnecessarily limiting. I am not aware of any other WG that requires a standards track RFC for allocating an identifier for a cryptographic specification. *Many* cryptographic specifications are described in Informational RFCs, and this has not been a problem for anyone.
> 
> Therefore, I propose that the WG take on a short revision to RFC 4034 that makes the one change of making assignments into the IANA registry for DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC Published". In addition, it would allow IANA to pre-assign values based on requests from an Area Director. This would allow Internet Drafts that are proposing new signature algorithms to contain valid examples of records using the proposed algorithms.
> 
> --Paul Hoffman, Director

	I'm pretty sure that the structure as outlined in Appendix A is fundamentally wrong.
	And i'm not sure I'm happy with the proposed relaxation.  Historically, the IETF
	has been comfortable incorporating other work by reference, without the intial hurdle
	that the work be structured/introduced/adopted as an IETF work.  

--bill

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Proposal to make DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC required"
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Paul Hoffman wrote:
> In addition, it would allow IANA to pre-assign values based on requests from an Area Director. This would allow Internet Drafts that are proposing new signature algorithms to contain valid examples of records using the proposed algorithms.
> 

I don't disagree on the std vs inf. track change, but i'd rather see drafts use 
a specific algorithm identifier (i.e. 254 or 255) for their examples until the 
very very last moment when it is absolutely certain what numbers are assigned 
and that those won't change anymore.

(Yes i know, this is not what I myself have done last week. Do as I say, not as 
I do :p)

Jelte

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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
Cc: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>, Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>, Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>, Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
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References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de>
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On Mon, Jun 08, 2009 at 08:22:05AM +0200, Florian Weimer wrote:
> * David Conrad:
> 
> > Given the data is relatively stable (and thus could be replicated in
> > an Akamai-like scheme) and the response requirements for zone transfer
> > aren't anything like what they are for normal TCP queries, I'm not
> > worried that the machines behind something like root.iana.org wouldn't
> > be able to handle pretty much any load thrown at them.  Also, since
> > the data is signed, it wouldn't really matter where/how you get it...
> 
> And if it's a zone transfer, you don't even leak traffic data to
> strangers if you get it from the wrong place.

	er.. TCP has its own warts.

	I'm intriged by the implcit challange tossed by David.

	"... not worried that the machines behind something like 
	root.iana.org wouldn't be able to handle pretty much any 
	load thrown at them." - drc 

	this harks back to Olafurs question to me that was ably answered
	by Paul retorts that TCP is "epic fail" as the prefered transport
	for DNS queries.

	the brief thought experiment.

	10,000 QPS, each done over TCP.  Thats the three-way handshake.
	assume the normal 5% drop of the handshake  due to transient link 
	failure and a 2 minute timeout before the host drops the halfopen TCP
	connect.

	root.iana.org will need to sustain that 10,000 TCP connects per second
	and keep track of the sustained 60,000 half-opens ... I'd -love-
	to look at that stack'o'hardware.

--bill (who is going to get reamed for his swag arithmatic)

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
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[ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
   a non-subscriber, or because it was over 20K.  
   With the massive amount of spam, it is easy to miss and therefore 
   delete relevant posts by non-subscribers. 
   Please fix your subscription addresses. ]

Understood. The other mail forwarded to the thread makes the operational
rationale clear.

Perhaps a pointer in the Abstract, or in section (5) that the primary
reason is operational would help clarify first-time reading. It looks
like the initial assumption that there is some security problem is quite
common.

 Best-F

Francis Dupont wrote:
>  In your previous mail you wrote:
> 
>    I do not like (6), which goes in the opposite direction.
> 
> => the reason is in (5) and BTW is not a security reason...
> 
> Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr


-- 
_________________________________________
-- "'Problem' is a bleak word for challenge" - Richard Fish
(Federico L. Lucifredi) - flucifredi@acm.org - GnuPG 0x4A73884C

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[ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
   a non-subscriber, or because it was over 20K.  
   With the massive amount of spam, it is easy to miss and therefore 
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Thanks, this clarifies it for me.

 Best -F

Francis Dupont wrote:
> Paul Hoffman asked me to make this public:
> 
> [Me] I agree there is no crypto justification (even I talked two days ago
> with some cryptographers who said things have changed since the
> beginning of the year) but the operational justification still
> applies: IMHO it is a real problem for a compliant implementation
> (which have to support the mandatory HMAC-MD5) to not be allowed
> to use a certified (FIPS 140-2 for instance) crypto module for
> all crypto operations...
> 
> [Paul] Could you send this message to the whole list? I believe that
> many people think there is a crypto justification, and it would be
> good for them to hear this from the document's author directly.
> 
> Regards
> 
> Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr
> 
> --
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-- 
_________________________________________
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(Federico L. Lucifredi) - flucifredi@acm.org - GnuPG 0x4A73884C

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun  8 05:34:57 2009
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Subject: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
From: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>
To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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Bill,

On Mon, 2009-06-08 at 11:10 +0000, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> 	the brief thought experiment.
> 
> 	10,000 QPS, each done over TCP.  Thats the three-way handshake.
> 	assume the normal 5% drop of the handshake  due to transient link 
> 	failure and a 2 minute timeout before the host drops the halfopen TCP
> 	connect.
> 
> 	root.iana.org will need to sustain that 10,000 TCP connects per second
> 	and keep track of the sustained 60,000 half-opens ... I'd -love-
> 	to look at that stack'o'hardware.
> 
> --bill (who is going to get reamed for his swag arithmatic)

Indeed you are.

Existing web servers can handle more than twice that load today:

http://www.litespeedtech.com/web-server-performance-comparison-litespeed-2.1-vs.html

Heck, *Apache* can handle 10,000 queries/second on a single box.

While this is probably 25% of what BIND 9 could do on a similar box, and
maybe 15-20% of what NSD could do, it's not too shabby.


This test was in a clean environment, so it is possible that your
concerns about packet drop are a real problem, but you'd want at least 2
boxes in a cluster in any real-world setup, so unless you performance
was dropped in half you'd still meet your (arbitrary) metrics.


Of course, in DNS the client closes the TCP connection, which is
suckful, and makes life miserable in general. I suppose it is too late
to change the protocol, but if we do add a SCTP transport then this is
something to consider.

--
Shane


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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
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On Mon, Jun 08, 2009 at 02:31:08PM +0200, Shane Kerr wrote:
> Bill,
> 
> On Mon, 2009-06-08 at 11:10 +0000, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> > 	the brief thought experiment.
> > 
> > 	10,000 QPS, each done over TCP.  Thats the three-way handshake.
> > 	assume the normal 5% drop of the handshake  due to transient link 
> > 	failure and a 2 minute timeout before the host drops the halfopen TCP
> > 	connect.
> > 
> > 	root.iana.org will need to sustain that 10,000 TCP connects per second
> > 	and keep track of the sustained 60,000 half-opens ... I'd -love-
> > 	to look at that stack'o'hardware.
> > 
> > --bill (who is going to get reamed for his swag arithmatic)
> 
> Indeed you are.
> 
> Existing web servers can handle more than twice that load today:
> 
> http://www.litespeedtech.com/web-server-performance-comparison-litespeed-2.1-vs.html
> 
> Heck, *Apache* can handle 10,000 queries/second on a single box.
> 
> While this is probably 25% of what BIND 9 could do on a similar box, and
> maybe 15-20% of what NSD could do, it's not too shabby.

	er... http queries over what transport Shane?

http://www.litespeedtech.com/docs/webserver/config/tuning/?hilite=tcp,performance, 

sez:

Max Connections	Go to top
Description: Specifies the maximum concurrent connections that the server can accept. It includes both plain TCP connections and SSL connections. It should not exceed the hard limit set by the server: 300 for Standard Edition. Once this limit is reached, the server will close Keep-Alive connections when they complete active requests. 

...


that 300 number sticks out like a sore thumb.  just a tad shy of the swag target of 10,000
TCP setups per second adn the ongoing tracking for the 60,000 halfopen (keep-alives) projected.

what am i missing here?


> Of course, in DNS the client closes the TCP connection, which is
> suckful, and makes life miserable in general. I suppose it is too late
> to change the protocol, but if we do add a SCTP transport then this is
> something to consider.
> 
> --
> Shane

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From: bert hubert <bert.hubert@gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 15:24:04 +0200
Message-ID: <3efd34cc0906080624p6ed49a74y45f7c2605296eeea@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root  servers
To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
Cc: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Mon, Jun 8, 2009 at 3:02 PM, <bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com> wrote:
> that 300 number sticks out like a sore thumb.  just a tad shy of the swag target of 10,000
> TCP setups per second adn the ongoing tracking for the 60,000 halfopen (keep-alives) projected.
>
> what am i missing here?

The main thing that is the issue with DNS over TCP is that 1035 says
you 'should'  keep the connection open as a server for at least two
minutes.

This quickly translates into hundreds of thousands of open connections
under even moderate load.

FWIW, SCTP appears to exhibit this same behaviour automatically even
when using the API in datagram mode (keeping the 'association' alive).
It is unclear to me if SCTP indeed has a lower server-level footprint
than TCP.

FWIW2, PowerDNS has been closing TCP sessions after 2 seconds of idle
for the past 10 years and no one has complained so far. But if you
want to be up to the letter compliant, two minutes is what you
'should' do.

   Bert

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CC: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>,  namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <1244464268.4151.12474.camel@shane-asus-laptop> <20090608130235.GB32556@vacation.karoshi.com.>
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bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:

>>>	10,000 QPS, each done over TCP.  Thats the three-way handshake.
>>>	assume the normal 5% drop of the handshake  due to transient link 
>>>	failure and a 2 minute timeout before the host drops the halfopen TCP
>>>	connect.

> that 300 number sticks out like a sore thumb.  just a tad shy of the swag target of 10,000
> TCP setups per second adn the ongoing tracking for the 60,000 halfopen (keep-alives) projected.

> what am i missing here?

*ANYCAST*, of course.

FYI, a server with multiple CPU chips or cores may distribute load
by distributing requests over chips or cores based on hash values
computed from source addresses, which is, in a sense, anycast.

						Masataka Ohta



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From: bert hubert <bert.hubert@netherlabs.nl>
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 15:21:33 +0200
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Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root  servers
To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
Cc: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Mon, Jun 8, 2009 at 3:02 PM, <bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com> wrote:
> that 300 number sticks out like a sore thumb. =A0just a tad shy of the sw=
ag target of 10,000
> TCP setups per second adn the ongoing tracking for the 60,000 halfopen (k=
eep-alives) projected.
>
> what am i missing here?

The main thing that is the issue with DNS over TCP is that 1035 says
you 'should'  keep the connection open as a server for at least two
minutes.

This quickly translates into hundreds of thousands of open connections
under even moderate load.

FWIW, SCTP appears to exhibit this same behaviour automatically even
when using the API in datagram mode (keeping the 'association' alive).
It is unclear to me if SCTP indeed has a lower server-level footprint
than TCP.

FWIW2, PowerDNS has been closing TCP sessions after 2 seconds of idle
for the past 10 years and no one has complained so far. But if you
want to be up to the letter compliant, two minutes is what you
'should' do.

    Bert

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun  8 06:53:13 2009
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Date: Mon, 08 Jun 2009 09:49:58 -0400
To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>
From: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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At 16:52 07/06/2009, Paul Hoffman wrote:
>At 11:10 AM +0200 6/7/09, Francis Dupont wrote:
> > In your previous mail you wrote:
> >
> >   so it's not being deprecated, and the name of the draft is wrong, and the
> >   title of the draft is wrong?  i'd like the word "deprecated" 
> stripped from
> >   the text in that case.  if we're just relaxing the 
> "mandatoriness" then we
> >   ought to say that, to avoid confusing operators and future implementors.
> >
> >=> I agree the term deprecate is a bit too strong... but obsolete
> >is not really better, what do you propose?
>
>As I said earlier, I propose that we do not move this document 
>forward because it is unneeded and will lead to lack of interop for 
>no good reason.

Paul,
The reason we are putting this document forward is because it takes more
than a decade to flush in/out new algorithms.
Thus the horizon we need to look at is 2020 not 2010.
Will anyone guarantee that the use of HMAC/MD5 will not be broken by
2020?

As for interoperabilty we have alternatives, we are promoting the
alternatives by changing the requirement level. Unlike DNSSEC DNSKEY
algorithms, TSIG is either between "consenting adults" or has a
handshake (TKEY) thus a algorithm negotiation can take place.

                 Olafur


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To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
Cc: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>,  namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <1244464268.4151.12474.camel@shane-asus-laptop> <20090608130235.GB32556@vacation.karoshi.com.>
From: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Date: Mon, 08 Jun 2009 15:49:24 +0200
In-Reply-To: <20090608130235.GB32556@vacation.karoshi.com.> (bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com's message of "Mon\, 8 Jun 2009 13\:02\:35 +0000")
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> that 300 number sticks out like a sore thumb.

It's probably some restricted version of the server code.

> just a tad shy of the swag target of 10,000 TCP setups per second
> adn the ongoing tracking for the 60,000 halfopen (keep-alives)
> projected.

Tens of thousands of pending connection attempts per process haven't
been a problem for a while.

Keeping those TCP send buffers can be a challenge, but hacks such as
TransmitFile/sendfile are certainly possible.

I wouldn't be surprised if there were some large systems which can
serve more DNS transactions over TCP than over UDP because the UDP
path has a global lock in it.  TCP tends to be way more optimized than
UDP (or SCTP).  On the other hand, UDP is such as a low overhead that
this does not matter on UP or small SMP machines.

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: bert hubert <bert.hubert@netherlabs.nl>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
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References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <1244464268.4151.12474.camel@shane-asus-laptop> <20090608130235.GB32556@vacation.karoshi.com.> <3efd34cc0906080621r6f96333ev2686d7417ff72788@mail.gmail.com>
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On Mon, Jun 08, 2009 at 03:21:33PM +0200, bert hubert wrote:
> On Mon, Jun 8, 2009 at 3:02 PM, <bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com> wrote:
> > that 300 number sticks out like a sore thumb.  just a tad shy of the swag target of 10,000
> > TCP setups per second adn the ongoing tracking for the 60,000 halfopen (keep-alives) projected.
> >
> > what am i missing here?
> 
> The main thing that is the issue with DNS over TCP is that 1035 says
> you 'should'  keep the connection open as a server for at least two
> minutes.
> 
> This quickly translates into hundreds of thousands of open connections
> under even moderate load.

	i was presuming 10,000 qps w/ a 5% drop == a sustained 60,000 halfopen
	connections plus the other 9,500 serviced connections - per second.
	the 60,000 is the 5% over the 2 minute interval.... not hundreds of
	thousands but enough... :)

> FWIW, SCTP appears to exhibit this same behaviour automatically even
> when using the API in datagram mode (keeping the 'association' alive).
> It is unclear to me if SCTP indeed has a lower server-level footprint
> than TCP.

	the ns simulator seems to indicate that STCP has a somewhat higher
	foot print.. 

> FWIW2, PowerDNS has been closing TCP sessions after 2 seconds of idle
> for the past 10 years and no one has complained so far. But if you
> want to be up to the letter compliant, two minutes is what you
> 'should' do.

	thats still a boatload'o'open TCP to keep track of.

>     Bert

--bill

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Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 13:58:59 +0000
From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
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References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <1244464268.4151.12474.camel@shane-asus-laptop> <20090608130235.GB32556@vacation.karoshi.com.> <82vdn6kf8b.fsf@mid.bfk.de>
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On Mon, Jun 08, 2009 at 03:49:24PM +0200, Florian Weimer wrote:
> > that 300 number sticks out like a sore thumb.
> 
> It's probably some restricted version of the server code.

	yeah ... its what they call the "standard release"

> > just a tad shy of the swag target of 10,000 TCP setups per second
> > adn the ongoing tracking for the 60,000 halfopen (keep-alives)
> > projected.
> 
> Tens of thousands of pending connection attempts per process haven't
> been a problem for a while.
> 
> Keeping those TCP send buffers can be a challenge, but hacks such as
> TransmitFile/sendfile are certainly possible.

	indeed - but now we step into the wonderful world of 
	OS and stack tuning.  

> I wouldn't be surprised if there were some large systems which can
> serve more DNS transactions over TCP than over UDP because the UDP
> path has a global lock in it.  TCP tends to be way more optimized than
> UDP (or SCTP).  On the other hand, UDP is such as a low overhead that
> this does not matter on UP or small SMP machines.

	i would be (pleasently) surprised.

> 
> -- 
> Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
> BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
> Kriegsstra_e 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
> D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun  8 07:04:58 2009
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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Masataka Ohta <mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
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On Mon, Jun 08, 2009 at 10:38:18PM +0900, Masataka Ohta wrote:
> bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> 
> >>>	10,000 QPS, each done over TCP.  Thats the three-way handshake.
> >>>	assume the normal 5% drop of the handshake  due to transient link 
> >>>	failure and a 2 minute timeout before the host drops the halfopen TCP
> >>>	connect.
> 
> > that 300 number sticks out like a sore thumb.  just a tad shy of the swag target of 10,000
> > TCP setups per second adn the ongoing tracking for the 60,000 halfopen (keep-alives) projected.
> 
> > what am i missing here?
> 
> *ANYCAST*, of course.
> 
> FYI, a server with multiple CPU chips or cores may distribute load
> by distributing requests over chips or cores based on hash values
> computed from source addresses, which is, in a sense, anycast.
> 
> 						Masataka Ohta
> 

	ok... presume 300 (per lightspeed) and my swag of ~70,000 TCP connections
	to track per sec.   lets anycast the solution and we get...
	about 240 machines just to handle the current load that a single machine can
	do over UDP.   we'll avoid doign the power/cooling cost multiple for now.

--bill

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun  8 07:06:42 2009
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Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 14:02:30 +0000
From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Cc: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
Message-ID: <20090608140230.GA657@vacation.karoshi.com.>
References: <200906070911.n579AxP4006969@givry.fdupont.fr> <p0624080ec651d8d63385@[10.20.30.158]> <200906081350.n58DoKi7016181@stora.ogud.com>
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On Mon, Jun 08, 2009 at 09:49:58AM -0400, Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:
> Will anyone guarantee that the use of HMAC/MD5 will not be broken by
> 2020?

	are you a betting man?  I'm sure I can get someone to take that
	bet.

--bill

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun  8 07:11:08 2009
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Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 07:07:48 -0700
To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Proposal to make DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC required"
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At 9:55 AM +0000 6/8/09, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
>	I'm pretty sure that the structure as outlined in Appendix A is fundamentally wrong.
>	And i'm not sure I'm happy with the proposed relaxation.  Historically, the IETF
>	has been comfortable incorporating other work by reference, without the intial hurdle
>	that the work be structured/introduced/adopted as an IETF work. 

I think the examples of where such incorporation has happened *in standards track RFCs* are few and far between. The most common method for doing that are Informational RFCs, some of which come from WGs, some from individual submissions, some from independent submissions directly to the RFC Editor.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 07:13:58 -0700
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.>
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BIll,

On Jun 8, 2009, at 4:10 AM, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> 	10,000 QPS, each done over TCP.

How frequently does the root zone need to be refreshed?

Regards,
-drc


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Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 10:27:35 -0400
From: Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
Message-ID: <20090608142735.GC1500@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com>
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On Sun, 07 Jun 2009, David Conrad wrote:
> Also, since the data is signed, it wouldn't really matter where/how
> you get it...

Please recall that the delegation NS RRSets and glue aren't signed and
these compose most of the root zone's contents.

So while we all know that this doesn't prevent successful validation
if a child zone is signed, it does mean that the entire contents of
the root zone cannot be validated even after being DNSSEC-signed.

Matt

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Date: Mon, 08 Jun 2009 15:35:41 +0100
From: Niall O'Reilly <Niall.oReilly@ucd.ie>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
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David Conrad wrote:
> BIll,
> 
> On Jun 8, 2009, at 4:10 AM, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
>>     10,000 QPS, each done over TCP.
> 
> How frequently does the root zone need to be refreshed?

	Currently,
	or in a future where new TLDs are added very frequently?

	Niall O'Reilly
	University College Dublin IT Services

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 15:46:30 +0100
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On 8 Jun 2009, at 15:13, David Conrad wrote:

> How frequently does the root zone need to be refreshed?

How many new TLDs is ICANN going to allow?

If each TLD changes its delegation once a year -- a reasonable  
estimate -- we're already looking at a new zone file for . every day  
or theresabouts with the current root.  If the number of TLDs go up,  
the frequency of updates (and root zone file versions?) will go up  
proportionately.

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Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 07:49:42 -0700
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <1244464268.4151.12474.camel@shane-asus-laptop> <20090608130235.GB32556@vacation.karoshi.com.> <4A2D144A.10802@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp> <20090608135638.GB547@vacation.karoshi.com.>
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On Jun 8, 2009, at 6:56 AM, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> 	ok... presume 300 (per lightspeed) and my swag of ~70,000 TCP  
> connections
> 	to track per sec.

Um.  This has all been quite amusing, but I don't recall anyone  
actually suggesting something like root.iana.org handling all DNS  
queries over TCP.

The suggestion was that caching servers have a copy of the root zone.   
Paul expressed worry that if this were to occur, the zone would get  
out of sync.  I countered by suggesting that could be addressed by  
slaving off a facility like root.iana.org (whether using {A,I}XFR is,  
of course, irrelevant).

Now, with that in mind, where do you get your "swag of ~70,000 TCP  
connections to track per sec"?

A different thought experiment:

According to http://dns.measurement-factory.com/surveys/200810.html,  
they estimate there are 12 million authDNS servers and were able to  
detect 4 million open resolvers.  Just for fun, lets combine (I know  
auth won't care, but this is a thought experiment) and round up and  
for the sake of argument say there are 20 million name servers that  
would need to fetch the zone and they will all do this via AXFR.  Now,  
the root zone is (generally) updated twice a day.  So, 20,000,000 /  
( 12 * 60 * 60 ) = 462 zone transfers per second. Another point to  
note: the data is not particularly dynamic, thus it could be trivially  
replicated via existing content delivery networks.

Are you worried that smart folks can't come up with an infrastructure  
that would support ~500 'file transfers' per second?

Regards,
-drc


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
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On Jun 8, 2009, at 7:35 AM, Niall O'Reilly wrote:
> David Conrad wrote:
>> BIll,
>> On Jun 8, 2009, at 4:10 AM, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
>>>    10,000 QPS, each done over TCP.
>> How frequently does the root zone need to be refreshed?
>
> 	Currently,
> 	or in a future where new TLDs are added very frequently?


New root zone entries do not change the schedule of when a new root  
zone is generated.  I would be surprised if this policy changed with  
the addition of new TLDs.

Regards,
-drc


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 07:54:07 -0700
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <7062EC09-F98E-4803-B509-B9AE7DE43EF8@virtualized.org> <949544B7-9A1C-4669-91F2-8DA5513FB5C8@rfc1035.com>
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On Jun 8, 2009, at 7:46 AM, Jim Reid wrote:
> On 8 Jun 2009, at 15:13, David Conrad wrote:
>> How frequently does the root zone need to be refreshed?
> How many new TLDs is ICANN going to allow?

Irrelevant to the question asked.

> If each TLD changes its delegation once a year -- a reasonable  
> estimate -- we're already looking at a new zone file for . every day  
> or theresabouts with the current root.

Currently, the root zone gets regenerated 2 times per day regardless  
of whether there are any changes.  I don't suspect this will change.

>  If the number of TLDs go up, the frequency of updates (and root  
> zone file versions?) will go up proportionately.

Nope.  It means the number of changes in the root zone per generation  
goes up.  It doesn't change the frequency of generation.

Regards,
-drc



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To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
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> According to http://dns.measurement-factory.com/surveys/200810.html, 
> they estimate there are 12 million authDNS servers and were able to 
> detect 4 million open resolvers.  Just for fun, lets combine (I know 
> auth won't care, but this is a thought experiment) and round up and 
> for the sake of argument say there are 20 million name servers that 
> would need to fetch the zone and they will all do this via AXFR.  Now, 
> the root zone is (generally) updated twice a day.  So, 20,000,000 / 
> ( 12 * 60 * 60 ) = 462 zone transfers per second. Another point to 
> note: the data is not particularly dynamic, thus it could be trivially 
> replicated via existing content delivery networks.

AuthDNS servers don't need the root zone - indeed many argue that 
authoritative servers *shouldn't* have the root zone at all.

Recursive DNS servers need it.

Ray

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Ray Bellis, MA(Oxon) MIET
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e: ray@nominet.org.uk, t: +44 1865 332211

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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
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On Mon, Jun 08, 2009 at 07:13:58AM -0700, David Conrad wrote:
> BIll,
> 
> On Jun 8, 2009, at 4:10 AM, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> >	10,000 QPS, each done over TCP.
> 
> How frequently does the root zone need to be refreshed?

	what do the ICANN SO's think?

--bill
> 
> Regards,
> -drc

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
From: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>
To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
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On Mon, 2009-06-08 at 07:13 -0700, David Conrad wrote:
> BIll,
> 
> On Jun 8, 2009, at 4:10 AM, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> > 	10,000 QPS, each done over TCP.
> 
> How frequently does the root zone need to be refreshed?

I had the same question. At 10,000/second, every human on the planet can
download a new personal copy weekly.

--
Shane


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Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 08:32:33 -0700
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On Jun 8, 2009, at 6:56, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:

> 	ok... presume 300 (per lightspeed) and my swag of ~70,000 TCP  
> connections
> 	to track per sec.   lets anycast the solution and we get...
> 	about 240 machines just to handle the current load that a single  
> machine can
> 	do over UDP.   we'll avoid doign the power/cooling cost multiple  
> for now.

I don't know what lightspeed is, but for modern http servers (nginx,  
varnish, ...) 30k requests per second is well within reasonable.

HAProxy which doesn't serve files but parse the requests and pass it  
on to another service can do more.   They have a test that only sets  
up the tcp session and they got > 100k/sec: http://haproxy.1wt.eu/10g.html


  - ask

-- 
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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>
cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 08 Jun 2009 14:31:08 +0200." <1244464268.4151.12474.camel@shane-asus-laptop> 
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> From: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>
> Date: Mon, 08 Jun 2009 14:31:08 +0200
> ...
> Of course, in DNS the client closes the TCP connection, which is suckful,
> and makes life miserable in general. I suppose it is too late to change
> the protocol, but if we do add a SCTP transport then this is something to
> consider.

yes, in an sctp transport, either end should be able to end an association.

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From: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
To: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk
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Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 08:44:15 -0700
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <1244464268.4151.12474.camel@shane-asus-laptop> <20090608130235.GB32556@vacation.karoshi.com.> <4A2D144A.10802@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp> <20090608135638.GB547@vacation.karoshi.com.> <D3522594-D158-4FA5-AB06-ECF19A1A92A2@virtualized.org> <OF8FB0CE66.6C23E45A-ON802575CF.005258CF-802575CF.00527DEB@nominet.org.uk>
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Ray,

On Jun 8, 2009, at 8:01 AM, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk wrote:
> AuthDNS servers don't need the root zone - indeed many argue that
> authoritative servers *shouldn't* have the root zone at all.
>
> Recursive DNS servers need it.

I know.  As I said:

"Just for fun, lets combine (I know auth won't care, but this is a  
thought experiment) and round up ..."

Alternative suggestions for more accurate numbers more than welcome.

Regards,
-drc


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 08:51:13 -0700
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On Jun 8, 2009, at 8:01 AM, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> On Mon, Jun 08, 2009 at 07:13:58AM -0700, David Conrad wrote:
>> BIll,
>> On Jun 8, 2009, at 4:10 AM, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
>>> 	10,000 QPS, each done over TCP.
>> How frequently does the root zone need to be refreshed?
> 	what do the ICANN SO's think?

My guess is that they don't, at least about something like that.  As  
far as I'm aware, folks are happy with 2 x day.

Regards,
-drc


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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
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Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
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On Mon, Jun 08, 2009 at 07:49:42AM -0700, David Conrad wrote:
> On Jun 8, 2009, at 6:56 AM, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> >	ok... presume 300 (per lightspeed) and my swag of ~70,000 TCP  
> >connections
> >	to track per sec.
> 
> Um.  This has all been quite amusing, but I don't recall anyone  
> actually suggesting something like root.iana.org handling all DNS  
> queries over TCP.

	sorry, I suspect that I mis-read the following email:

Cc: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>, Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>,
   namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
To: Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>
In-Reply-To: <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com>
Subject: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
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>>On 6 Jun 2009, at 00:48, David Conrad wrote:                                                       
> Jim Reid wrote:
>>say, root.iana.org...                                                                              
>How many TCP queries can this set of masters handle? :-)                                            

"...I'm not
worried that the machines behind something like root.iana.org wouldn't
be able to handle pretty much any load thrown at them."

Regards,
-drc

	-----------------------------------------------
> 
> The suggestion was that caching servers have a copy of the root zone.   
> Paul expressed worry that if this were to occur, the zone would get  
> out of sync.  I countered by suggesting that could be addressed by  
> slaving off a facility like root.iana.org (whether using {A,I}XFR is,  
> of course, irrelevant).
> 
> Now, with that in mind, where do you get your "swag of ~70,000 TCP  
> connections to track per sec"?

	10,000 qps over UDP is the rough number reported by the four RSOs I've talked
	with this week. 

	empirical evidence points to about 5% of the TCP attempts are left 
	"half-open" - likely due to transport churn.  RFC 1034 says the TCP
	timeout to close those half-open connections is two minutes.

	so... moving the 10,000 qps to TCP, with 5% being left open -every second-
	will give me, after the first two minutes, a sustained "load" of 
	60,000 half-open TCP connections to manage ... and every second, I pick up
	another 500 and close 500.  leaving about 9,500 active TCP sessions per
	second to manage in addition to those other 60,000.  

	so to a first approximation, to do -todays- load over TCP, you'll need
	to handle about 70,000 TCP sessions per second.

	was that helpful?

	
> 
> A different thought experiment:
> 
> According to http://dns.measurement-factory.com/surveys/200810.html,  
> they estimate there are 12 million authDNS servers and were able to  
> detect 4 million open resolvers.  Just for fun, lets combine (I know  
> auth won't care, but this is a thought experiment) and round up and  
> for the sake of argument say there are 20 million name servers that  
> would need to fetch the zone and they will all do this via AXFR.  Now,  
> the root zone is (generally) updated twice a day.  So, 20,000,000 /  
> ( 12 * 60 * 60 ) = 462 zone transfers per second. Another point to  
> note: the data is not particularly dynamic, thus it could be trivially  
> replicated via existing content delivery networks.

	ah... we see that you have stayed with the "AXFR" track, while
	Jim, myself, and others, have trotted down the track of move
	all DNS queries to TCP, not just AXFRs.


> Are you worried that smart folks can't come up with an infrastructure  
> that would support ~500 'file transfers' per second?

	no, not worried abt that, even dumb folks like me can
	do that.

> 
> Regards,
> -drc

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
References: <200906070911.n579AxP4006969@givry.fdupont.fr> <p0624080ec651d8d63385@[10.20.30.158]> <200906081350.n58DoKi7016181@stora.ogud.com>
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Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:
[...]

> Paul,
> The reason we are putting this document forward is because it takes more
> than a decade to flush in/out new algorithms.
> Thus the horizon we need to look at is 2020 not 2010.
> Will anyone guarantee that the use of HMAC/MD5 will not be broken by
> 2020?
> 

>From one side, breaking a Keyed Hash is harder than finding collisions,
so that may be a more open statement than it sounds.


On the other side, betting on a crypto algorithm to remain inviolate for
a full solar cycle may be rather gutsy. The reality is that we cannot
guarantee any cryptographic algorithm will remain inviolate, much less
for an "endecade".


So, I remain satisfied with the operational assertion - provided it is
made clearer to readers, as many come in assuming some of MD5's
vulnerabilities got it demoted, not its phaseout from libraries (which,
of course, indirectly comes from its vulnerabilities, but not one
affecting HMAC).

Otherwise, it may easily look to a reader as if the IETF is practicing
"security through obscurity" here: we understand MD5 more, and even tho
keyed hashing is not broken, we understand SHA-256 less, so we feel more
comfy with it.  Not a label I wish to attach :)


 Best -F

-- 
_________________________________________
-- "'Problem' is a bleak word for challenge" - Richard Fish
(Federico L. Lucifredi) - lucifred@post.harvard.edu - GnuPG 0x4A73884C

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Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
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On Jun 8, 2009, at 8:59 AM, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
>> Um.  This has all been quite amusing, but I don't recall anyone
>> actually suggesting something like root.iana.org handling all DNS
>> queries over TCP.
>
> 	sorry, I suspect that I mis-read the following email:

My apologies -- I suspect my use of the term 'queries' led to the  
confusion.

Regards,
-drc


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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Ask =?iso-8859-1?Q?Bj=F8rn?= Hansen <ask@develooper.com>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, Masataka Ohta <mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>, Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
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On Mon, Jun 08, 2009 at 08:32:33AM -0700, Ask Bjxrn Hansen wrote:
> 
> On Jun 8, 2009, at 6:56, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> 
> >	ok... presume 300 (per lightspeed) and my swag of ~70,000 TCP  
> >connections
> >	to track per sec.   lets anycast the solution and we get...
> >	about 240 machines just to handle the current load that a single  
> >machine can
> >	do over UDP.   we'll avoid doign the power/cooling cost multiple  
> >for now.
> 
> I don't know what lightspeed is, but for modern http servers (nginx,  
> varnish, ...) 30k requests per second is well within reasonable.

	lightspeed wa a site quoted by Shane and then me.
	I have no idea who they are either.

> HAProxy which doesn't serve files but parse the requests and pass it  
> on to another service can do more.   They have a test that only sets  
> up the tcp session and they got > 100k/sec: http://haproxy.1wt.eu/10g.html

	nifty thing..  using specialized HW(nics), tuned kernels, and
	even then, the test methodology claims:

	"...The request generator continuously connects to HAProxy to fetch 
	the selected object from the server in loops for 1 minute, with 
	500 to 1000 concurrent connections."   

	er... thats 1000 per minute or 17 concurrent TCP connections per second.
	buzt.  lets try again.

	I don't care about raw data throughput, i care about the number
	of concurrent TCP connections.  

--bill

> 
> 
>  - ask
> 
> -- 
> http://develooper.com/ - http://askask.com/
> 

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun  8 10:02:31 2009
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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
cc: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 08 Jun 2009 09:49:58 -0400." <200906081350.n58DoKi7016181@stora.ogud.com> 
References: <200906070911.n579AxP4006969@givry.fdupont.fr> <p0624080ec651d8d63385@[10.20.30.158]>  <200906081350.n58DoKi7016181@stora.ogud.com> 
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> Date: Mon, 08 Jun 2009 09:49:58 -0400
> From: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
> 
> Paul,
> 
> The reason we are putting this document forward is because it takes more
> than a decade to flush in/out new algorithms.  Thus the horizon we need
> to look at is 2020 not 2010.  Will anyone guarantee that the use of
> HMAC/MD5 will not be broken by 2020?

i don't think there's anyone around who will guarantee the use of any crypto
in that time frame.  (we're going to have quantum computers at some point.)

until there is a known reason to "deprecate" all we can legitly do is "relax".

> As for interoperabilty we have alternatives, we are promoting the
> alternatives by changing the requirement level. Unlike DNSSEC DNSKEY
> algorithms, TSIG is either between "consenting adults" or has a handshake
> (TKEY) thus a algorithm negotiation can take place.

i'm fine with promoting the alternatives.  but not with deprecating something
that is not broken.  let's just relax the requirement for HMAC-MD5 so that
operators, and future implementors, have the guideance they need.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun  8 10:04:16 2009
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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 08 Jun 2009 17:13:31 +0200." <1244474011.4151.13009.camel@shane-asus-laptop> 
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <7062EC09-F98E-4803-B509-B9AE7DE43EF8@virtualized.org>  <1244474011.4151.13009.camel@shane-asus-laptop> 
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why are we talking about this in the exclusive context of the root zone?
the underlying protocol problems are shared by every authority zone, and
unless we're planning to mirror every authority zone in every recursive
server, we need to keep the protocol working without such mirroring.

re:

> Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
> From: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>
> To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
> Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
> Organization: ISC
> Date: Mon, 08 Jun 2009 17:13:31 +0200
> X-Mailer: Evolution 2.26.1 
> Sender: owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
> 
> On Mon, 2009-06-08 at 07:13 -0700, David Conrad wrote:
> > BIll,
> > 
> > On Jun 8, 2009, at 4:10 AM, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> > > 	10,000 QPS, each done over TCP.
> > 
> > How frequently does the root zone need to be refreshed?
> 
> I had the same question. At 10,000/second, every human on the planet can
> download a new personal copy weekly.
> 
> --
> Shane
> 
> 
> --
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On Jun 8, 2009, at 9:15, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:

> 	"...The request generator continuously connects to HAProxy to fetch
> 	the selected object from the server in loops for 1 minute, with
> 	500 to 1000 concurrent connections."
>
> 	er... thats 1000 per minute or 17 concurrent TCP connections per  
> second.
> 	buzt.  lets try again.

No, that's not what it says -- but we're getting way off-topic.

All I wanted to point out is that the state of the art of TCP based  
servers (for HTTP) supports request rates high enough to the vast  
majority of DNS servers.

Keep using anycast[1] and the numbers really aren't that crazy.


  - ask

[1] http://www.nanog.org/meetings/nanog37/presentations/matt.levine.pdf

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
cc: Niall O'Reilly <Niall.oReilly@ucd.ie>, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 08 Jun 2009 07:52:03 MST." <9F55FD20-CBB3-427A-9DEF-A409980B9EEE@virtualized.org> 
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> From: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
> Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 07:52:03 -0700
> 
> New root zone entries do not change the schedule of when a new root zone
> is generated.  I would be surprised if this policy changed with the
> addition of new TLDs.

under some proposals we'd see millions of top level names, and in that case
i'd expect the rate of urgent NS or DS changes to be several-times-daily.  so
it would not surprise me if the policy had to change in that case.  in the
more likely case of a few dozen new top level names per year, i agree that
the root zone publication schedule would not have to change at all.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun  8 10:51:40 2009
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From: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
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Subject: [dnsext] The ICSI Netalyzr
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 10:48:14 -0700
Cc: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
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The public beta of the ICSI Netalyzr is now live at
http://netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu

This Java applet is designed to allow users to probe and discover
various properties about their network connection.  The many tests
include latency, bandwidth, and buffer size measurements.  Other, more
subtle tests detect port filtering and hidden proxies, the correct
operation of in-network HTTP caches, and the general health and
behavior of the DNS resolver.

In particular, the DNS tests are probably of interest to the working  
group.  This includes probes for glue policy, EDNS and DNSSEC support,  
timing, lookups of important names, whether the system can make direct  
DNS requests, and whether fragmented large DNS replies are correctly  
processed.


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Date: Mon, 08 Jun 2009 13:57:54 -0400
To: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk
From: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Draft DNSEXT charter
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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At 14:13 29/05/2009, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk wrote:
> > Attached is our first draft of an updated charter that allows us
> > to add the items pending adoption. (GOST DNSSEC algorithms, Forgery
> > Resilience)
> >
> > Instead of having to re charter every time a new draft is deemed worthy
>of
> > the working groups effort we have created narrow categories
> > that allow us to perform "protocol maintenance" as needed.
> >
> > Milestones are preliminary and will be updated based on WG discussion.
> >
> > Comments please,
>
>I would like to see the charter allow for work items that advise on
>correct _implementation_ (as opposed to _operation_) of the DNS protocols,
>such as my DNS Proxy BCP draft.
>
>I'm unable to find a suitable place to drop this into the current text,
>though.
>
>Ray

Next version will contain in list of topics new documents can have:
         Hardening DNS protocol and providing guidance to implementors

         Olafur


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun  8 11:11:05 2009
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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 08 Jun 2009 15:49:24 +0200." <82vdn6kf8b.fsf@mid.bfk.de> 
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i'm limiting this reply to just the issues related to tcp/53.  i've already
asked, several times, that we not treat the root zone as special, so we must
be prepared to do anything for COM and CO.UK that we would do to fix problems
we see in accessing the root zone.  (which rules out mirroring in my view.)

> From: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
> Date: Mon, 08 Jun 2009 15:49:24 +0200
> 
> Tens of thousands of pending connection attempts per process haven't
> been a problem for a while.
> 
> Keeping those TCP send buffers can be a challenge, but hacks such as
> TransmitFile/sendfile are certainly possible.

whatever number of simultaneous open tcp sockets you allow, even if
millions, can be exceeded due to attacks, failures, or flash crowds.

if the target initiated close after every response then i could imagine
being able to manage the state load, but as soon as one allows any kind
of timeout window, whether 30 seconds as in RFC 1035 or 2 seconds as in
powerdns, then you're painting a target on your back.

for SCTP i'd recommend that associations be left open and that it be
explicitly recommended and expected that responses be reordered.  that
way an initiator could dump all kinds of queries into the queue and the
target could answer them in any order; this would avoid any perceived
need to open several associations in parallel.

(i am guessing that TCP/53 initiators open sessions in parallel in this
case and/or expect/demand responses to be in request order though the RFC's
say otherwise, and that responders will generally respond in request
order.  an implementation survey should probably be done to find out.)

> I wouldn't be surprised if there were some large systems which can serve
> more DNS transactions over TCP than over UDP because the UDP path has a
> global lock in it.  TCP tends to be way more optimized than UDP (or
> SCTP).  On the other hand, UDP is such as a low overhead that this does
> not matter on UP or small SMP machines.

the state load of half-open connections is manageable due to syn flood
concerns first expressed a decade or more ago.  but the pool of fully open
connections is a fat target, even if one does not follow RFC 1035's
recommendation for server side connection management.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun  8 11:24:24 2009
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To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Draft DNSEXT charter 
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At 17:24 30/05/2009, Paul Vixie wrote:
> > Date: Fri, 29 May 2009 11:56:59 -0400
> > From: =D3lafur Gu=F0mundsson /DNSEXT
> >  chair <ogud@ogud.com>
> >
> > Milestones are preliminary and will be updated based on WG discussion.
> >
> > Comments please,
> > ...
> > Milestones:
> > Jun  2009  TSIG/MD5 Obsoleting to IESG.
> > Jul  2009  AXFR Clarify to IESG
> > Sep  2009  EDNS0 Ping Option advanced to IESG
> > Oct  2009  Resolver side Forgery Resilience advanced to IESG
> > Oct  2009  DNSSEC Errata document to IESG
> > Nov  2009  GOST DNSKEY and DS support advanced to IESG
> > Dec  2009  ENDS0-bis update advanced to IESG
>
>IMHO, EDNS0 Ping would not add any actual security.  can this be changed to
>say something like "Sep 2009 - forgery resilience protocol advanced to=
 IESG"
>so that we're open to defining an SCTP transport profile, and we're open to
>defining an TKEY-DH + TSIG use profile, and still hit the objective?
>
>btw, i'm looking for co-authors for an DNS over SCTP transport profile doc,
>and a TKEY-DH + TSIG use profile doc.  i'll want to get both done in the
>first three weeks of july (before blackhat/defcon).  help?

First on the EDNS0 Ping option: we have enough=20
people supporting that undertaking
to adopt the document, at the same time number of people arguing strongly
against the document. The chairs feeling is we=20
should have a round of discussion
once the document is updated to reflect comments received, then dispose of=
 it.


On Transport issues: last week the dns-proxy=20
document was discussed by the IESG,
one of the main issues raised was on various transport related wording in=
 the
document. There seems to be a need to specify how DNS implementations use=
 the
two transports available to them.
In addition there seems to be interest in examining and specifying how to=
 use
an additional transport protocol.
The next version of the charter will contain these work items and milestones
for two documents. The chairs are looking for=20
editors for "DNS transport clarify"
document.

Uses of TKEY/TSIG can to prevent spoofing can fall under "hardening DNS"=
 clause
in our charter.

         Olafur



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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun  8 11:28:37 2009
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Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 11:24:59 -0700
To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC TSIG MD5 Deprecated
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At 9:49 AM -0400 6/8/09, Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:
>The reason we are putting this document forward is because it takes more
>than a decade to flush in/out new algorithms.

I do not see the word "flush" in the current document. We are currently discussing what the document is trying to say, and you are the first to propose that.

>Thus the horizon we need to look at is 2020 not 2010.

Fully disagree. We need to look at the horizon of "when are vulnerabilites that affect the protocol seen".

>Will anyone guarantee that the use of HMAC/MD5 will not be broken by
>2020?

That's an interesting question. Given the current crypto literature, if HMAC-MD5 is broken in 2020, so will HMAC-SHA1 and HMAC-SHA256. I doubt that you are suggesting that we expand the current document to remove all HMACs from use in the DNS.

>As for interoperabilty we have alternatives, we are promoting the
>alternatives by changing the requirement level. Unlike DNSSEC DNSKEY
>algorithms, TSIG is either between "consenting adults" or has a
>handshake (TKEY) thus a algorithm negotiation can take place.

Exactly right. So, there is no use to deprecating the algorithms until there is a known problem. At that time, all pairs of DNS folks can decide whether or not they still want to use MD5 or HMAC-MD5. We should probably change the protocol requirements at that time.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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Date: Mon, 08 Jun 2009 14:28:30 -0400
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Subject: Draft Charter v2. Re: [dnsext] Draft DNSEXT charter 
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At 13:03 29/05/2009, =D3lafur Gu=F0mundsson /DNSEXT wrote:

>Dear colleagues,
>
>Attached is our first draft of an updated charter that allows us
>to add the items pending adoption. (GOST DNSSEC algorithms, Forgery
>Resilience)

Here is an updated version based on feedback from the working group.
Diffs from prior version below.

         Olafur and Andrew

<version 20090608>

The DNS has a large installed base and repertoire of protocol
specifications. The DNSEXT WG group will actively advance DNS
protocol-related RFCs on the standards track while thoroughly
reviewing further proposed extensions. The scope of the DNSEXT WG is
confined to the DNS protocol, particularly changes that affect DNS
protocols "on the wire" or the internal processing of DNS data. DNS
operations are out of scope for the WG.

The WG will limit itself to review of proposals for new extensions
and clarification to the DNS protocol, including DNSSEC. Adoption of
new work targeted for standards track will require changes to this
charter.

The working group can nevertheless undertake work in following
subjects without a charter change:
         DNSSEC and TSIG/TKEY algorithm maintenance
         Hardening DNS protocol and providing guidance to implementors
         Examining transport protocols possibly adding new ones.
         Advancing existing Proposed Standard RFCs to Draft/Full Standard
         Obsoleting RFCs.

Before formal adoption of any such items at least 5 working group
participants must publicly state that the item is within charter and is
worthwhile item for further study.

The DNSEXT WG will conduct the specified RFC5395 review of RR
templates as they are posted, and EDNS0 Option templates if EDNS0-bis
updates registration requirements.

The WG does not intend to hold face to face meetings, though
may do so if deemed necessary for resolution of a specific issue at
hand.


Milestones:
Jun  2009  TSIG/MD5 Obsoleting to IESG.
Jul  2009  RSA/SHA256 to IESG.
Jul  2009  AXFR Clarify  to IESG.
Sep  2009  EDNS0 Ping Option advanced to IESG
Oct  2009  Resolver side Forgery Resilience advanced to IESG
Oct  2009  DNSSEC Errata document to IESG
Nov  2009  GOST DNSKEY and DS support advanced to IESG
Dec  2009  EDNS0-bis update advanced to IESG
Feb  2010  DNS existing transport protocol=20
recommendations/clarifications  to IESG
Jun  2010  DNS <new> transport protocol specification



---------- diffs-------------
--- charter-20090527.txt        2009-05-29 11:56:40.839081600 -0400
+++ charter-20090608.txt        2009-06-08 14:24:11.974524800 -0400
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-
+<version 20090608>

  The DNS has a large installed base and repertoire of protocol
  specifications. The DNSEXT WG group will actively advance DNS
@@ -15,17 +15,18 @@

  The working group can nevertheless undertake work in following
  subjects without a charter change:
-       DNSSEC and TSIG/TKEY algorithm maintenance,
-       Hardening DNS protocol against forgery attempts,
-       Advancing existing Proposed standard RFC's to Draft/Full standard
-       Obsoleting RFC's.
+       DNSSEC and TSIG/TKEY algorithm maintenance
+       Hardening DNS protocol and providing guidance to implementors
+       Examining transport protocols possibly adding new ones.
+       Advancing existing Proposed Standard RFCs to Draft/Full Standard
+       Obsoleting RFCs.

  Before formal adoption of any such items at least 5 working group
-participants must publicly state that the items is within charter and is
+participants must publicly state that the item is within charter and is
  worthwhile item for further study.

  The DNSEXT WG will conduct the specified RFC5395 review of RR
-templates as they are posted, and ENDS0 Option templates if ENDS0-bis
+templates as they are posted, and EDNS0 Option templates if EDNS0-bis
  updates registration requirements.

  The WG does not intend to hold face to face meetings, though
@@ -35,11 +36,13 @@

  Milestones:
  Jun  2009  TSIG/MD5 Obsoleting to IESG.
-Jul  2009  AXFR Clarify  to IESG
+Jul  2009  RSA/SHA256 to IESG.
+Jul  2009  AXFR Clarify  to IESG.
  Sep  2009  EDNS0 Ping Option advanced to IESG
  Oct  2009  Resolver side Forgery Resilience advanced to IESG
  Oct  2009  DNSSEC Errata document to IESG
  Nov  2009  GOST DNSKEY and DS support advanced to IESG
-Dec  2009  ENDS0-bis update advanced to IESG
-
+Dec  2009  EDNS0-bis update advanced to IESG
+Feb  2010  DNS existing transport protocol=20
recommendations/clarifications  to IESG
+Jun  2010  DNS <new> transport protocol specification


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun  8 14:35:46 2009
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To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers 
Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 14:29:20 -0700
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <7062EC09-F98E-4803-B509-B9AE7DE43EF8@virtualized.org>  <1244474011.4151.13009.camel@shane-asus-laptop>  <6923.1244480480@nsa.vix.com>
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Paul,

On Jun 8, 2009, at 10:01 AM, Paul Vixie wrote:
> why are we talking about this in the exclusive context of the root  
> zone?

Because the root of the DNS is special (quantitatively if not  
qualitatively)?

> the underlying protocol problems are shared by every authority zone,  
> and
> unless we're planning to mirror every authority zone in every  
> recursive
> server, we need to keep the protocol working without such mirroring.

Everybody cares about the root.  If you screw up the root zone, it has  
a bit more impact than if you screw up (say) dv.isc.org.  If the  
authority for dv.isc.org is DDoS'd out of existence, it has a bit less  
impact than if the root were DDoS'd, etc.

I'm told a number of larger ISPs already mirror the root zone.  All  
I'm suggesting is to make this easier/more formalized for folks who  
want to do it.

Regards,
-drc


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Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 15:46:26 -0700
To: Samuel Weiler <weiler@watson.org>
From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Proposal to make DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC  required"
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At 6:00 PM -0400 6/8/09, Samuel Weiler wrote:
>On Fri, 5 Jun 2009, Paul Hoffman wrote:
>
>>This means that an signature algorithm that cannot be embodied in a standards-track RFC, ... not completely in English, cannot be used interoperably in DNSSEC.
>
>RFC4034 and its ancestors reserved two values (253 and 254) for "private" algorithms and specified ways to use multiple private algorithms without bad interactions.  While I doubt the code to do that is well-tested, presumably the code to use GOST in DNSSEC isn't well-tested, either.  Perhaps both could be debugged together.

I'm having a hard time parsing your statement. It sounds like "if GOST cannot be on standards track, people who want to use GOST can only identify it as 253 or 254". I certainly hope I am misinterpreting you...

>>This seems unnecessarily limiting. I am not aware of any other WG that requires a standards track RFC for allocating an identifier for a cryptographic specification. *Many* cryptographic specifications are described in Informational RFCs, and this has not been a problem for anyone.
>
>Some registries are Standards Action precisely because of the cost shifted to implementors when registrations are unchecked.  As an example, see the URI registry, RFC4395.  And that particular registry doesn't suffer from the eight-bit limit that we face here.

That's a bad analogy. I was an (unfortunately active) part of that decision, and the reason we made those labels require standards action is precisely because they were labels, not limited to a numberspace. There was competition for easily-identified URI scheme names ('tv', 'channel', and so on). No one competes for yet-another-number.

>Furthermore, this WG has been eating (slowly) into that eight-bit space for signaling the use of a Standards Track DNSSEC option and, given how well that signaling mechanism works, might do so again. The expired draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-trans-06 discusses the decision from the first time this was done.

I categorically reject the notion that there could be more than a hundred new signature mechanisms introduced in the next few decades. If we ever get beyond 150 (!), we will have plenty of time to come up with another scheme for sub-defining new algorithms.

Data point: even in crypto protocols where the signature algorithm identifiers are handed out like candy, there are fewer than 50 to date, and that includes many that have already been discarded. Can you show any evidence that we could possibly use four times that many, given that we would have a much higher bar (RFC required)?

We might want to take the "how many RFC-required signature algorithms" discussion to SAAG; they would have a better idea than the DNSSEC WG.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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To: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 05 Jun 2009 12:01:32 +0200." <824ouvvw1v.fsf@mid.bfk.de> 
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In message <824ouvvw1v.fsf@mid.bfk.de>, Florian Weimer writes:
> * Mark Andrews:
> 
> > 	Do all the root server fragment packets so that the smallest
> > 	fragment contains the initial segment so that the probability
> > 	of out of order fragement is reduced?  This helps firewalls
> > 	and NAT's that only process fragmented responses correctly
> > 	when the initial fragment arrives first.
> 
> Last time I checked, the roots (except one) did not perform PMTUD, so
> fragmentation is not under their control.  Many DNS servers send the
> final fragment first anyway.  This is not very likely to change.

I beg to differ.  8 of the roots are performing PMTU discovery over IPv4/UDP.
Whether the operators are aware of this or not is another matter.  This can
usually be disabled at the the application layer.

09:57:54.387361 198.41.0.4.53 > 211.30.172.21.64982:  24664*- 1/13/11 SOA (497) (DF)
09:58:19.419990 192.228.79.201.53 > 211.30.172.21.54074:  11917*- 1/13/13 SOA (493) (DF)
09:58:56.196852 192.112.36.4.53 > 211.30.172.21.63951:  55465*- 1/13/13 SOA (493) (DF)
09:59:17.432535 128.63.2.53.53 > 211.30.172.21.51513:  47857*- 1/13/13 SOA (493) (DF)
09:59:30.359185 192.36.148.17.53 > 211.30.172.21.60259:  52319*- 1/13/11 SOA (497) (DF)
09:59:42.443443 192.58.128.30.53 > 211.30.172.21.54445:  20147*- 1/13/11 SOA (497) (DF)
10:00:33.782430 193.0.14.129.53 > 211.30.172.21.61326:  48813*- 1/13/13 SOA (493) (DF)
10:00:47.262075 199.7.83.42.53 > 211.30.172.21.51447:  37089*- 1/13/13 SOA (493) (DF)

Also the root servers will almost certainly do the initial fragmentation
of the DNS responses, whether it is IPv4 or IPv6.  99.9% of the
time no further fragmentation will occur.  How the roots choose to
fragement is important to minimising problems caused by misimplementations
in other network elements.  How the roots choose to fragment also
dictates the probability of additional fragmentation occuring.

> Anyway, I doubt you'll find serious stateful packet filters which do
> not reassemble all packets traversing the device (and fragment again,
> if needed).  Stateless filters are a different story, of course, but
> to them, the order of fragments doesn't matter, either.

I'm aware of PNAT's which fail to handle fragmented responses where
the initial fragement doesn't arrive first.
 
> To be honest, I have serious doubts if it makes sense to worry about
> this.  Chances are that DNS traffic moves to IPv6 faster than we can
> reach consensus. 8-/

The issues are applicable to IPv6 as they are to IPv4.  IPv6 has
the advantage of a API to control fragmention in the sender.

> --=20
> Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
> BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
> Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
> D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Cc: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC: draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-rsasha256-14.txt 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 05 Jun 2009 08:30:04 MST." <p06240831c64ee67e509b@[10.20.30.158]> 
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A DNSSSEC validator needs to understand both NSEC and NSEC3 for
positive answers as well and negative answers, see wildard answers.

A DNSSEC validator that implements RSA/SHA-2 MUST be able to validate	
negative answers in the form of both NSEC and NSEC3 with hash	
algorithm 1, as defined in [RFC5155]. An authoritative server that	
does not implement NSEC3 MAY still serve zones that use RSA/SHA-2	
with NSEC denial of existence.

A DNSSEC validator that implements RSA/SHA-2 MUST be able to validate
denial of existance proofs in both NSEC and NSEC3 (with hash algorithm
1, as defined in [RFC5155]) forms.  An authoritative server that
does not implement NSEC3 MAY still serve zones that use RSA/SHA-2
with NSEC denial of existence.


-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 08 Jun 2009 14:29:20 MST." <FA6F6897-2B0E-4CC0-8D5F-67431A699FEF@virtualized.org> 
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> From: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
> Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 14:29:20 -0700
> 
> I'm told a number of larger ISPs already mirror the root zone.  All I'm
> suggesting is to make this easier/more formalized for folks who want to
> do it.

i'm told a number of the ISP's who mirror the root zone also amend it.  i
will become more comfortable with this after the real one has been signed
so that such amendments can be filtered out.

in my hotel in beijing last week, all traffic toward any root name server
address was answered inside chinanet by chinanet's own servers.  not a
comfortable environment in which to consider wide scale root zone mirroring.

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From: Samuel Weiler <weiler@watson.org>
To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
cc: namedroppers@psg.com
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Proposal to make DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC  required"
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On Mon, 8 Jun 2009, Paul Hoffman wrote:

>> RFC4034 and its ancestors reserved two values (253 and 254) for 
>> "private" algorithms and specified ways to use multiple private 
>> algorithms without bad interactions.  While I doubt the code to do 
>> that is well-tested, presumably the code to use GOST in DNSSEC 
>> isn't well-tested, either.  Perhaps both could be debugged 
>> together.
>
> I'm having a hard time parsing your statement. It sounds like "if 
> GOST cannot be on standards track, people who want to use GOST can 
> only identify it as 253 or 254". I certainly hope I am 
> misinterpreting you...

RFC4034 section A.1.1 describes how the private algorithm types work, 
which includes embedding longer algorithm identifiers in the DNSKEY 
and RRSIG data.  So one might say "if an algorithm does not have a 
unique algorithm number assigned, its use can be identified by the 
algorithm number 253 and the unique domain name X".

-- Sam

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On Tue, Jun 9, 2009 at 5:11 AM, Paul Vixie<vixie@isc.org> wrote:
> in my hotel in beijing last week, all traffic toward any root name server
> address was answered inside chinanet by chinanet's own servers. =A0not a
> comfortable environment in which to consider wide scale root zone mirrori=
ng.

With a hostile service provider, all bets are off. The best thing one
can do in that case is make sure you don't get *any* answers.  So it
does not make a lot of sense to ponder this situation for protocol
design, or even operational guidelines.

    Bert

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Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 18:00:50 -0400 (EDT)
From: Samuel Weiler <weiler@watson.org>
To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
cc: namedroppers@psg.com
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Proposal to make DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC required"
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[ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
   a non-subscriber, or because it was over 20K.  
   With the massive amount of spam, it is easy to miss and therefore 
   delete relevant posts by non-subscribers. 
   Please fix your subscription addresses. ]

On Fri, 5 Jun 2009, Paul Hoffman wrote:

> This means that an signature algorithm that cannot be embodied in a 
> standards-track RFC, ... not completely in English, cannot be used 
> interoperably in DNSSEC.

RFC4034 and its ancestors reserved two values (253 and 254) for 
"private" algorithms and specified ways to use multiple private 
algorithms without bad interactions.  While I doubt the code to do 
that is well-tested, presumably the code to use GOST in DNSSEC isn't 
well-tested, either.  Perhaps both could be debugged together.

> This seems unnecessarily limiting. I am not aware of any other WG 
> that requires a standards track RFC for allocating an identifier for 
> a cryptographic specification. *Many* cryptographic specifications 
> are described in Informational RFCs, and this has not been a problem 
> for anyone.

Some registries are Standards Action precisely because of the cost 
shifted to implementors when registrations are unchecked.  As an 
example, see the URI registry, RFC4395.  And that particular registry 
doesn't suffer from the eight-bit limit that we face here.

Furthermore, this WG has been eating (slowly) into that eight-bit 
space for signaling the use of a Standards Track DNSSEC option and, 
given how well that signaling mechanism works, might do so again. 
The expired draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-trans-06 discusses the decision 
from the first time this was done.

> Therefore, I propose that the WG take on a short revision to RFC 
> 4034 that makes the one change of making assignments into the IANA 
> registry for DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC Published".

Given the limited code point space and the availability of 
alternatives (the private algorithm option), I oppose such a change.

-- Sam

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun  9 08:18:02 2009
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Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 11:11:31 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Cc: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC: draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-rsasha256-14.txt
Message-ID: <20090609151129.GB25651@shinkuro.com>
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Your message doesn't provide enough context.  I _think_ what you mean
is this:

On Tue, Jun 09, 2009 at 01:05:20PM +1000, Mark Andrews wrote:
 
> A DNSSSEC validator needs to understand both NSEC and NSEC3 for
> positive answers as well and negative answers, see wildard answers.

That is a background remark.
 
> A DNSSEC validator that implements RSA/SHA-2 MUST be able to validate	
> negative answers in the form of both NSEC and NSEC3 with hash	
> algorithm 1, as defined in [RFC5155]. An authoritative server that	
> does not implement NSEC3 MAY still serve zones that use RSA/SHA-2	
> with NSEC denial of existence.

That is a context paragraph taken directly from Â§5.2 of the -14 draft.
 
> A DNSSEC validator that implements RSA/SHA-2 MUST be able to validate
> denial of existance proofs in both NSEC and NSEC3 (with hash algorithm
> 1, as defined in [RFC5155]) forms.  An authoritative server that
> does not implement NSEC3 MAY still serve zones that use RSA/SHA-2
> with NSEC denial of existence.
 
That is additional text you want added at the end of Â§5.2.

Right? 

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>, David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
From: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers 
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References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <7062EC09-F98E-4803-B509-B9AE7DE43EF8@virtualized.org> <1244474011.4151.13009.camel@shane-asus-laptop> <6923.1244480480@nsa.vix.com> <FA6F6897-2B0E-4CC0-8D5F-67431A699FEF@virtualized.org> <31786.1244517105@nsa.vix.com>
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At 23:11 08/06/2009, Paul Vixie wrote:
> > From: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
> > Date: Mon, 8 Jun 2009 14:29:20 -0700
> >
> > I'm told a number of larger ISPs already mirror the root zone.  All I'm
> > suggesting is to make this easier/more formalized for folks who want to
> > do it.
>
>i'm told a number of the ISP's who mirror the root zone also amend it.  i
>will become more comfortable with this after the real one has been signed
>so that such amendments can be filtered out.
>
>in my hotel in beijing last week, all traffic toward any root name server
>address was answered inside chinanet by chinanet's own servers.  not a
>comfortable environment in which to consider wide scale root zone mirroring.


I take this as an endorsement that the root zone be signed using NSEC
to make any such changes transparent.

         Olafur


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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 09 Jun 2009 09:47:34 +0200." <3efd34cc0906090047w735ee179r991a8a9e05cf1133@mail.gmail.com> 
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <7062EC09-F98E-4803-B509-B9AE7DE43EF8@virtualized.org> <1244474011.4151.13009.camel@shane-asus-laptop> <6923.1244480480@nsa.vix.com> <FA6F6897-2B0E-4CC0-8D5F-67431A699FEF@virtualized.org> <31786.1244517105@nsa.vix.com>  <3efd34cc0906090047w735ee179r991a8a9e05cf1133@mail.gmail.com> 
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> From: bert hubert <bert.hubert@netherlabs.nl>
> Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 09:47:34 +0200
> 
> With a hostile service provider, all bets are off. The best thing one
> can do in that case is make sure you don't get *any* answers.  So it
> does not make a lot of sense to ponder this situation for protocol
> design, or even operational guidelines.

of course.  however, making local root name service universal, is going
to engender a lot more opportunistic hostility along these lines.  since
there's no operational problem being solved by it, and since the failure
modes include "becoming out of date" in a dozen ways, and since there
is almost nothing one can say the root zone needs that many 2LD's and
some 3LD's also need, this whole thread is "twilight zone" territory.

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Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 12:08:54 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
Message-ID: <20090609160854.GC25651@shinkuro.com>
References: <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <7062EC09-F98E-4803-B509-B9AE7DE43EF8@virtualized.org> <1244474011.4151.13009.camel@shane-asus-laptop> <6923.1244480480@nsa.vix.com> <FA6F6897-2B0E-4CC0-8D5F-67431A699FEF@virtualized.org> <31786.1244517105@nsa.vix.com> <3efd34cc0906090047w735ee179r991a8a9e05cf1133@mail.gmail.com> <60184.1244560661@nsa.vix.com>
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No hat.

On Tue, Jun 09, 2009 at 03:17:41PM +0000, Paul Vixie wrote:

> to engender a lot more opportunistic hostility along these lines.  since
> there's no operational problem being solved by it, and since the failure
> modes include "becoming out of date" in a dozen ways, and since there
> is almost nothing one can say the root zone needs that many 2LD's and
> some 3LD's also need

I have to agree with Paul that the discussion of distributing the root
zone widely doesn't seem to be solving the basic problems that we
started the thread with.

As near as I can tell, the start of this topic was that things would
be better if we switched to TCP, which was immediately rejected as
entailing too much state on the authority servers.  That argument led
us to the possibility of mirroring the root zone more widely.

Since, as Paul points out, the problem is at least as bad for the
authority servers for large TLDs as it is for the root, we have either
established that the solution doesn't fit the problem, or else that we
need to distribute many zones so widely.  In the absence of a proposal
to ensure such wide mirroring that is not subject to all of the
problems that the HOSTS file had, I think we can conclude that the
proposal is not an answer to the problem of TCP state on authority
servers.

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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Subject: RFC 3226 violations (was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers) 
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 09:08:31 -0700
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On Jun 9, 2009, at 8:17 AM, Paul Vixie wrote:
> this whole thread is "twilight zone" territory.

I agree, but for different reasons that I won't bother going into.

Back to the original point/question that started this thread:

Certain name servers are setting DO=1 but advertising a buffer size of  
less than 1220 as part of a heuristic to try to get around broken  
firewalls/NATs/etc. handling of EDNS0.  My reading of RFC 3226 would  
indicate this is a violation of the RFC.

The implication of this particular violation is that it is highly  
likely the root servers will see increased TCP fallback as name  
servers will set TC on the DNSSEC-related RR filled response  
immediately after the root is signed.  I believe there are two options  
to deal with this:

1) fix the name server implementations so they do not violate RFC 3226  
by not advertising a buffer less than 1220 when DO=1

2) revise RFC 3226 to remove/revise the buffer size restriction.

Does anyone other than Mark Andrews think we should choose option 2?

Regards,
-drc




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Subject: [dnsext] Re: RFC 3226 violations
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 17:56:53 +0100
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On 9 Jun 2009, at 17:08, David Conrad wrote:

> Certain name servers are setting DO=1 but advertising a buffer size  
> of less than 1220 as part of a heuristic to try to get around broken  
> firewalls/NATs/etc. handling of EDNS0.  My reading of RFC 3226 would  
> indicate this is a violation of the RFC.
>
> The implication of this particular violation is that it is highly  
> likely the root servers will see increased TCP fallback as name  
> servers will set TC on the DNSSEC-related RR filled response  
> immediately after the root is signed.  I believe there are two  
> options to deal with this:
>
> 1) fix the name server implementations so they do not violate RFC  
> 3226 by not advertising a buffer less than 1220 when DO=1
>
> 2) revise RFC 3226 to remove/revise the buffer size restriction.
>
> Does anyone other than Mark Andrews think we should choose option 2?

I vote for both. Sort of. 3226 needs to be updated anyway because it  
talks about legacy stuff like RFC2525 compliant servers and resolvers.  
And A6 records. Though if 3226 does get revisited, I see no reason to  
change what it says about the minimum buffer size. Maybe if 2761bis is  
revived this would be a better home for defining appropriate minimum  
buffer sizes when the DO bit is set?


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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: RFC 3226 violations (was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers) 
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> From: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
> Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 09:08:31 -0700
> 
> Certain name servers are setting DO=1 but advertising a buffer size of
> less than 1220 as part of a heuristic to try to get around broken
> firewalls/NATs/etc. handling of EDNS0.  My reading of RFC 3226 would
> indicate this is a violation of the RFC.

my reading gives the same result.

> The implication of this particular violation is that it is highly likely
> the root servers will see increased TCP fallback as name servers will set
> TC on the DNSSEC-related RR filled response immediately after the root is
> signed.  I believe there are two options to deal with this:
> 
> 1) fix the name server implementations so they do not violate RFC 3226 by
> not advertising a buffer less than 1220 when DO=1
> 
> 2) revise RFC 3226 to remove/revise the buffer size restriction.
> 
> Does anyone other than Mark Andrews think we should choose option 2?

not i.  however, if we're going to choose option 2, then i'll suggest an
additional action, which is an RFC stating that DO=1 should be ignored if
the buffer size is less than 1220.  in fact, RFC 3226 can be read that way.

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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
Cc: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: RFC 3226 violations (was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers)
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On Tue, Jun 09, 2009 at 09:08:31AM -0700, David Conrad wrote:
> Back to the original point/question that started this thread:
> 
> 1) fix the name server implementations so they do not violate RFC 3226  
> by not advertising a buffer less than 1220 when DO=1
> 
> 2) revise RFC 3226 to remove/revise the buffer size restriction.
> 
> Does anyone other than Mark Andrews think we should choose option 2?
> 
> Regards,
> -drc

	so the choice is:

	pick 1, and trigger hardware/firmware upgrades near the edges of the
	Internet and residual, persistent edge failure in the DNS for decades
	to come.

	pick 2, and kowtow to shortsighted hardware/firmware vendors and force
	a protracted decade-long migration in the changes to DNS transport
	protocols.

	I pick #1.

--bill

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
cc: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 09 Jun 2009 10:49:49 -0400." <200906091516.n59FGWmU030205@stora.ogud.com> 
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <7062EC09-F98E-4803-B509-B9AE7DE43EF8@virtualized.org> <1244474011.4151.13009.camel@shane-asus-laptop> <6923.1244480480@nsa.vix.com> <FA6F6897-2B0E-4CC0-8D5F-67431A699FEF@virtualized.org> <31786.1244517105@nsa.vix.com>  <200906091516.n59FGWmU030205@stora.ogud.com> 
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> Date: Tue, 09 Jun 2009 10:49:49 -0400
> From: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
> 
> I take this as an endorsement that the root zone be signed using NSEC to
> make any such changes transparent.

yes, please.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun  9 10:58:09 2009
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Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 10:54:00 -0700
To: Samuel Weiler <weiler@watson.org>
From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Proposal to make DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC   required"
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At 8:27 PM -0400 6/8/09, Samuel Weiler wrote:
>[ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
>  a non-subscriber, or because it was over 20K.    With the massive amount of spam, it is easy to miss and therefore   delete relevant posts by non-subscribers.   Please fix your subscription addresses. ]
>
>On Mon, 8 Jun 2009, Paul Hoffman wrote:
>
>>>RFC4034 and its ancestors reserved two values (253 and 254) for "private" algorithms and specified ways to use multiple private algorithms without bad interactions.  While I doubt the code to do that is well-tested, presumably the code to use GOST in DNSSEC isn't well-tested, either.  Perhaps both could be debugged together.
>>
>>I'm having a hard time parsing your statement. It sounds like "if GOST cannot be on standards track, people who want to use GOST can only identify it as 253 or 254". I certainly hope I am misinterpreting you...
>
>RFC4034 section A.1.1 describes how the private algorithm types work, which includes embedding longer algorithm identifiers in the DNSKEY and RRSIG data.  So one might say "if an algorithm does not have a unique algorithm number assigned, its use can be identified by the algorithm number 253 and the unique domain name X".

Again, I hope I'm misinterpreting you. It sounds like you are saying "algorithms with standards track RFCs are uniquely identified by a single octet; algorithms with an informational RFC must waste octets in every signature by including a domain name". Is that the tradeoff you want for your concern of us having 250 standards-track signature mechanisms (even though no other crypto protocol in the IETF has that many)?

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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From: Douglas Otis <dotis@mail-abuse.org>
To: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 11:20:04 -0700
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On Jun 9, 2009, at 9:08 AM, Andrew Sullivan wrote:

> As near as I can tell, the start of this topic was that things would  
> be better if we switched to TCP, which was immediately rejected as  
> entailing too much state on the authority servers.  That argument  
> led us to the possibility of mirroring the root zone more widely.
>
> Since, as Paul points out, the problem is at least as bad for the  
> authority servers for large TLDs as it is for the root, we have  
> either established that the solution doesn't fit the problem, or  
> else that we need to distribute many zones so widely.  In the  
> absence of a proposal to ensure such wide mirroring that is not  
> subject to all of the problems that the HOSTS file had, I think we  
> can conclude that the proposal is not an answer to the problem of  
> TCP state on authority servers.

Agreed.  Is there interest in creating a draft that describes how SCTP  
fallback for DNS might be implemented?

 From our company's perspective, defending TCP services through  
massive distribution represents a sizable portion of overall corporate  
expenditures.  In the long view, it would be remiss not to explore  
more robust solutions that avoid critical infrastructure being  
replicated by orders of magnitude.

While SCTP is likely to require greater resources than what is  
required for UDP, SCTP offers faster connection setup than TCP.  For  
DNS, when compared to TCP, this represents an opportunity to offer  
data ahead of requests.  This additional information might enable  
distribution strategies, for example.

SCTP can permit DNS message alignment within packets, where individual  
messages can be acknowledged separately.  Header alignment eliminates  
message buffering and head of queue blocking that occurs with TCP.   
Once an association is established, SCTP operates in a manner that  
closely approximates UDP.

Unlike TCP, SCTP does not commit resources until a cookie is  
returned.  This property enables important defensive strategies.   
Source identification offers immunity from flood attacks by allowing  
abusive sources to be properly handled without an inadvertent denial  
of services.   Source spoofing is a costly problem for either UDP and  
TCP, that SCTP resolves effectively within the protocol.

Estimating resources required by SCTP should consider optimized  
handling of SCTP associations.  There is no reason to assume DNS will  
only use SCTP in a generic manner.

Of course, SCTP offers better transaction security and would prevent  
Kaminsky related attacks with or without DNSSEC.  As a minor note,  
SCTP error detection offers support for jumbo frames and provides  
better data integrity for unsigned portions of DNS messages.  The  
ability of either UDP or TCP checksums to detect common bus related  
errors is astonishing poor.

-Doug




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Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 14:28:01 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: Douglas Otis <dotis@mail-abuse.org>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
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On Tue, Jun 09, 2009 at 11:20:04AM -0700, Douglas Otis wrote:

> Agreed.  Is there interest in creating a draft that describes how SCTP  
> fallback for DNS might be implemented?

I believe Paul Vixie already expressed interest in doing this.

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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From: bert hubert <bert.hubert@gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 21:15:51 +0200
Message-ID: <3efd34cc0906091215t419a6bc3k369067783fdc6266@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
To: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
Cc: Douglas Otis <dotis@mail-abuse.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Tue, Jun 9, 2009 at 8:28 PM, Andrew Sullivan<ajs@shinkuro.com> wrote:
> On Tue, Jun 09, 2009 at 11:20:04AM -0700, Douglas Otis wrote:
>
>> Agreed. =A0Is there interest in creating a draft that describes how SCTP
>> fallback for DNS might be implemented?
>
> I believe Paul Vixie already expressed interest in doing this.

I did some tests, and added SCTP serving support to the PowerDNS
Recursor, and to our regression testing query tool ('sdig'). I have to
admit to not being an SCTP expert, the last paragraph of this message
contains some open questions.

To keep it brief, the summary is that SCTP uses at least twice as many
packets as UDP, and far more if the association is not kept open for a
long time. Furthermore, an open association consumes server resources,
and probably not less than TCP (even while sharing a file descriptor
between queries). The initial cookie does not mitigate this - every
association carries state that has to be carried around.

>From this, my tentative conclusion is that SCTP transport per-se does
not buy us anything over TCP - even though it offers a 'datagram-like'
coding experience.

The whole story:

Interestingly enough, from a coding perspective, setting up the
connection is almost entirely TCP like, whereas responding to actual
queries runs 100% correctly using the unmodified UDP codepath
(recvfrom, sendto). This is with the SCTP API in 'one-to-many' mode.

In my measurements, I've seen that at least when used out of the box,
SCTP uses 4 packets for each query/response exchange when an
association has already been setup (query, response, query-sack,
response-sack).

Association setup is 4 packets, teardown is 3. Two packets of the
setup can carry both the 'cookie' and the initial request, plus the
cookie ack and the first data ack, saving 2 packets. This reduces the
initial setup costs in terms of packets to 2.

This makes for a grand total of 9 packets (!) for one DNS query
carried by SCTP  that is not quickly followed by another.

Two queries in quick succession run to 13 packets, 3 queries squeeze
into 17 packets.

In my testing, I often encountered so called 'heartbeat' packets,
which further increase the packet count.

An open question is if all these 'SACK' packets can be turned off, or
if SCTP could offer the equivalent of 'NOLINGER' so we could save
another two packets (RST).

But as stated above, even if both answers are yes, we are looking at
very elevated packet counts, at no less cost than TCP (to the
operating system).

      Bert

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References: <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <6923.1244480480@nsa.vix.com> <FA6F6897-2B0E-4CC0-8D5F-67431A699FEF@virtualized.org> <31786.1244517105@nsa.vix.com> <3efd34cc0906090047w735ee179r991a8a9e05cf1133@mail.gmail.com> <60184.1244560661@nsa.vix.com> <20090609160854.GC25651@shinkuro.com> <D569151A-D557-4A67-B139-36A8853193DF@mail-abuse.org> <20090609182801.GB32546@shinkuro.com> <3efd34cc0906091215t419a6bc3k369067783fdc6266@mail.gmail.com>
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 13:23:13 -0700
Message-ID: <d791b8790906091323n2de3c135s28ae0d72e7f02164@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: bert hubert <bert.hubert@gmail.com>
Cc: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>, Douglas Otis <dotis@mail-abuse.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Tue, Jun 9, 2009 at 12:15 PM, bert hubert<bert.hubert@gmail.com> wrote:
> To keep it brief, the summary is that SCTP uses at least twice as many
> packets as UDP, and far more if the association is not kept open for a
> long time. Furthermore, an open association consumes server resources,
> and probably not less than TCP (even while sharing a file descriptor
> between queries). The initial cookie does not mitigate this - every
> association carries state that has to be carried around.

I don't have any SCTP experience, but these results seem discouraging
for DNS-over-SCTP adoption.  I'd be interested in knowing if these
results contradict any DNS-over-SCTP proponents'
experiences/expectations.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun  9 13:53:18 2009
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Date: Tue, 09 Jun 2009 16:48:47 -0400
To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, namedroppers@psg.com
From: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Proposal to make DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC required"
In-Reply-To: <p0624080dc64f50b535af@[10.20.30.158]>
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After reading this reply over before sending it, I'm not sure I'm able to
keep apart my personal opinions, the opinion of the WG chair role I
have or the role of DNSSEC historian. Thus please read this as my
personal opinion not associated with my role as DNSEXT chair.

<no-hat>

At 18:56 05/06/2009, Paul Hoffman wrote:
>Greetings again. Appendix A.1 in RFC 4034 has the initial list of 
>algorithm types for DNSSEC. To add to that table, one needs a 
>standards-track RFC. This means that an signature algorithm that 
>cannot be embodied in a standards-track RFC, such as because it is 
>not completely in English, cannot be used interoperably in DNSSEC. 
>For example, this might prevent the GOST work the WG has taken on 
>from being used if the eventual RFC is Informational instead of 
>Standards Track.
>
>This seems unnecessarily limiting. I am not aware of any other WG 
>that requires a standards track RFC for allocating an identifier for 
>a cryptographic specification. *Many* cryptographic specifications 
>are described in Informational RFCs, and this has not been a problem 
>for anyone.

This message is about adding new algorithms in general to DNSSEC.

DNS is an important infrastructure protocol, if it stops working
other things fail. For that reason until something in shown to be
HARMLESS we have standards action controlling admission. Good example is
the RRtype admission criteria used to be standards action, RFC2929
changed that to "IETF Consensus" and "Specification Required" , RFC5395
relaxed it to "Expert Review".

In DNS there is no handshake between "client" and "original server" 
to negotiate
the algorithm to use, either the client understands the "broadcast"
RRSIG or it does not. For this reason keeping the list of algorithms that
"clients" need to understand small is an interoperabilty advantage.

It takes much longer to upgrade installed software base than the
glacial phase of draft progressing through the working group + IESG,
thus the speed of allocation argument is not a compelling one.
If someone wants to experiment the private name spaces alg=253 and 254
are available. The private spaces IMHO are not suitable for production use.

We do not want to encourage "Vanity" algorithms, there should be a good
reason for adopting new algorithms. Having said that I think the next
algorithm we adopt (after RSA/SHA256) ought to be an Elliptic Curve
algorithm. Followed by the phasing out of DSA.

Due to the transport used by DNS we do not want to encourage/require
zones to use multiple DNSKEY algorithms to sign their zone. In
general only during transition from one algorithm to another should zone
be signed by multiple algorithms.
The more algorithms used ==> more signatures on each RRset ==> larger answers.

In the history of systems with "finite" number spaces we have a history of
running out of the space no matter how large the early adopters 
thought the space
was. Remember IPv4 addresses, DHCP option space, AS numbers, original Icelandic
tax id numbers [1], etc. etc. The moral is be conservative in allocations OR
before allocations are opened up have a reuse plan in place.


>Therefore, I propose that the WG take on a short revision to RFC 
>4034 that makes the one change of making assignments into the IANA 
>registry for DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC Published". In addition, 
>it would allow IANA to pre-assign values based on requests from an 
>Area Director. This would allow Internet Drafts that are proposing 
>new signature algorithms to contain valid examples of records using 
>the proposed algorithms.

I will strongly advocate against relaxing the allocation rule
until someone convinces me that relaxing it is harmless.
Same goes for new NSEC3 obfuscation algorithms.

         Olafur

[1] The number (8 digits actually 7 the last one was a check digit)
reflected the name of the person.
For each name there was a finite number space that based on the following
assumptions:

         - List of names was fixed as the government maintained a 
list of names that
                 were acceptable
         - distribution of names was going to be the same as it was
           just before the system was put in place.
         - Population would keep growing slowly
         - Life expectancy would not change
         - Number would only be used for tax identification

Guess what all of the assumptions were wrong, the situation got so bad that
numbers were reused in the same tax year.  


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun  9 14:19:30 2009
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Message-ID: <d791b8790906091410j19051f9eu922fa62d9cc3301c@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
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Currently, the root servers provide IPv6 glue (AAAA records) to
clients that have queried them over IPv4.  They even do this in
preference to providing all of the IPv4 glue; e.g., "dig
www.example.com @a.root-servers.net" returns IPv6 glue for
{a,b}.gtld-servers.net, but no IPv4 glue for m.gtld-servers.net.  This
is seems to be due to omitting records to fit into the 512 byte
boundary: "dig x.com @a.root-servers.net" returns all IPv4 glue.

dnscache from djbdns tries to find A records for all listed NS records
before contacting any of them, which results in an extra root zone
query for m.gtld-servers.net in the above situation.  (This causes a
small slow down and additional network traffic, but is not otherwise a
significant problem.)

Is there any reason why servers shouldn't prefer *for IPv4 clients* to
give all IPv4 glue records and then try to add as many IPv6 glue
records as possible?  (Similarly, for IPv6 clients to give all IPv6
glue records and then try to add as many IPv4 glue records as
possible.)  A records are always potentially useful for clients
contacting a server over IPv4, and AAAA records are always potentially
useful for clients contacting a server over IPv6, but A records are
not useful to IPv6-only clients and AAAA records are not useful to
IPv4-only clients.

One corner case that comes to mind is if an authoritative server is on
an IPv4 only network, but has a gateway that can proxy IPv6 traffic to
IPv4.  However, this seems easy enough to work around (e.g., either
upgrade the internal network to support native IPv6, or configure the
DNS server to treat traffic from the IPv6-to-IPv4 gateway as IPv6
traffic).

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun  9 14:29:28 2009
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To:  bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
CC: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>,  namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: TCP performance, was Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <1244464268.4151.12474.camel@shane-asus-laptop> <20090608130235.GB32556@vacation.karoshi.com.>
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bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:

> Max Connections	Go to top
> Description: Specifies the maximum concurrent connections that
> the server can accept. It includes both plain TCP connections
> and SSL connections. It should not exceed the hard limit set
> by the server: 300 for Standard Edition.

> that 300 number sticks out like a sore thumb.  just a tad shy of the swag target of 10,000
> TCP setups per second adn the ongoing tracking for the 60,000 halfopen (keep-alives) projected.
> 
> what am i missing here?

I reconsidered the problem and noticed that the figure of 300
should comes from SSL computation and disk access to retrieve
various HTML files, none of which are applicable to root servers
just returning the same data stored in memory in plain text.

Keeping 60,000 connections halfopen for 120 seconds is not a
problem because, in average, only 500 of them needs timeout
processing and others are resting in memory.

Given that a pcb is 176B long, the amount of memory to keep
60,000 pcbs is about 10MB. These days, even secondary cache
can hold it.

It is inappropriate to mix figures from a though experiment
by Shane and from real world HTTP servers by Bill.

						Masataka Ohta

PS

As I briefly checked, to have 240 cores, you only need 3 small
(6U) blade servers, each of which has 10 blades, each of which
have 8 cores.


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To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <47784.1244238104@nsa.vix.com> <40AE90B2-AE0D-47F3-A0B9-6960C7F535CF@virtualized.org> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <7062EC09-F98E-4803-B509-B9AE7DE43EF8@virtualized.org> <1244474011.4151.13009.camel@shane-asus-laptop> <6923.1244480480@nsa.vix.com> <FA6F6897-2B0E-4CC0-8D5F-67431A699FEF@virtualized.org> <31786.1244517105@nsa.vix.com> <200906091516.n59FGWmU030205@stora.ogud.com>
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Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:

>> in my hotel in beijing last week, all traffic toward any root name server
>> address was answered inside chinanet by chinanet's own servers.  not a
>> comfortable environment in which to consider wide scale root zone 
>> mirroring.

> I take this as an endorsement that the root zone be signed using NSEC
> to make any such changes transparent.

An obvious solution is to solve the problem end to end by using
a resolver at your home (or home ISP).

I actually did so several times when resolvers of ISPs local
to my laptop were malfunctioning.

						Masataka Ohta



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Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 17:43:27 -0400
To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
From: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Proposal to make DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC   required"
Cc: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, namedroppers@psg.com
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At 16:48 -0400 6/9/09, Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:

>We do not want to encourage "Vanity" algorithms, there should be a good
>reason for adopting new algorithms. Having said that I think the next
>algorithm we adopt (after RSA/SHA256) ought to be an Elliptic Curve
>algorithm. Followed by the phasing out of DSA.

I disagree with the previous paragraph.  For one, what is a "vanity" 
algorithm?  And what is a "good reason" to adopt?  I think the flaw 
in the logic above it that the choice of cryptographic system is not 
strictly a technical decision.  There are other factors involved, 
whether the factors run counter to an engineer's sensibilities or not.

One could argue that DSA is a "vanity" algorithm as very few zones 
use it and not one of the TLDs in the iTAR uses DSA.  I don't know of 
any zone that uses DSA - I bet there are some.  According to 
http://secspider.cs.ucla.edu/, there are 10 RSA/MD5 keys, 20 
DSA/SHA-1, and about 20,000 RSA/SHA-1.

I don't think it is up to the DNS Extensions WG to dictate policy 
regarding the use of cryptography.

>Due to the transport used by DNS we do not want to encourage/require
>zones to use multiple DNSKEY algorithms to sign their zone. In
>general only during transition from one algorithm to another should zone
>be signed by multiple algorithms.
>The more algorithms used ==> more signatures on each RRset ==> larger answers.

This is a red herring.  If it is the size of response that is a 
concern, then a zone should stick to one algorithm at a time - it 
doesn't matter which algorithm is used so long as the resolvers 
understand a range of algorithms.

There's a fear that resolver's won't be updated?  Maybe so, but it is 
in the interests of the resolver to keep up to date on this.  At the 
NIST Key Management Symposium, it was stated that cryptographic 
algorithms, like keys, wear out their welcome.

>The moral is be conservative in allocations OR
>before allocations are opened up have a reuse plan in place.

My take on the moral - especially with regards to IPv4 run out - is 
to build in a transition plan (to a larger name space).  The hang up 
with IPv4 and IPv6 is not that we are out of IPv4 addresses but that 
no one thought to include in IPv6 a transition mechanism.  The 
transition from 2-byte to 4-byte Autonomous System numbers hasn't 
been a major problem because, fortunately, the transition plan was 
able to fall into place.
-- 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Edward Lewis
NeuStar                    You can leave a voice message at +1-571-434-5468

As with IPv6, the problem with the deployment of frictionless surfaces is
that they're not getting traction.

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
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> Yes. It's a dumb idea to tamper with the contents of a DNS response based on
> the underlying network protocol that gets used for the query/reply.

It's a dumb idea to omit glue records too, but that's the solution the
root servers have chosen for dealing with their large delegation
record sets.

> There's
> usually a resolving server between the edge client (stub resolver) making
> the query and the authoritative server. That authoritative server doesn't
> see the stub resolver. So it has no way of knowing if that client prefers A
> or AAAA records. It shouldn't (need to) care about the client's preferences
> or network protocol choices anyway.

Huh?  The glue data doesn't go to the stub resolver anyway.  The stub
resolver encodes what data it wants in the questions section by
explicitly asking for either A or AAAA records.

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Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 15:20:59 -0700
To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@psg.com
From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Proposal to make DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC   required"
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At 4:48 PM -0400 6/9/09, Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:
>DNS is an important infrastructure protocol, if it stops working
>other things fail. For that reason until something in shown to be
>HARMLESS we have standards action controlling admission.

Does this means that you are against the current SHA-256 document, which cannot be shown to be harmless? You have supported it in the recent past. We *know* that SHA-256 will get worse over time, and will need to have a transition away from it. Why the contradiction?

>In DNS there is no handshake between "client" and "original server" to negotiate
>the algorithm to use, either the client understands the "broadcast"
>RRSIG or it does not. For this reason keeping the list of algorithms that
>"clients" need to understand small is an interoperabilty advantage.

We fully agree. But that statement is irrelevant to whether or not an algorithm needs to be on standards track. No system needs to implement all standards track documents, as we all know.

>It takes much longer to upgrade installed software base than the
>glacial phase of draft progressing through the working group + IESG,
>thus the speed of allocation argument is not a compelling one.
>If someone wants to experiment the private name spaces alg=253 and 254
>are available. The private spaces IMHO are not suitable for production use.

Section A.1.1 of RFC 4034 makes it quite clear that they are intended for production use.

>We do not want to encourage "Vanity" algorithms, there should be a good
>reason for adopting new algorithms.

Fully agree.

>Due to the transport used by DNS we do not want to encourage/require
>zones to use multiple DNSKEY algorithms to sign their zone. In
>general only during transition from one algorithm to another should zone
>be signed by multiple algorithms.
>The more algorithms used ==> more signatures on each RRset ==> larger answers.

Quite right. However, that is also irrelevant to whether or not something needs to be on standards track.

>In the history of systems with "finite" number spaces we have a history of
>running out of the space no matter how large the early adopters thought the space
>was. Remember IPv4 addresses, DHCP option space, AS numbers, original Icelandic
>tax id numbers [1], etc. etc. The moral is be conservative in allocations OR
>before allocations are opened up have a reuse plan in place.

As Sam Weiler pointed out, we already have one: Section A.1.1 of RFC 4034. You might change your view on whether or not that is suitable for production use (if we ever get there).

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 23:39:37 +0100
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On 9 Jun 2009, at 22:52, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> It's a dumb idea to omit glue records too,

No it isn't. There is a limit on the size of a DNS response. So  
dropping stuff from the Additional Section is preferable to sending a  
truncated response and TCP retries. As long as the reponse contains  
*some* glue -- assuming we're talking about the real definition of  
glue -- that's good enough.

In the case you mentioned, who cares if the referral for example.com  
from a.root-servers.net does not have an address record for m.gtld- 
servers.net? It's got A and AAAA records for the other .com servers.  
That response BTW is 501 bytes, so there's not enough room left to  
squeeze in an address record for m.gtld-servers.net. If the querying  
server *really* needs that info, it can just  do a lookup to resolve  
that name.

Oh and NONE of the address records in that referral response are  
glue.Their names don't live under the domain that's being queried  
(example.com). They live under gtld-servers.net. So strictly speaking  
there's no reason for a.root-servers.net to return those address  
records at all. It was just doing that to be nice.

>> There's
>> usually a resolving server between the edge client (stub resolver)  
>> making
>> the query and the authoritative server. That authoritative server  
>> doesn't
>> see the stub resolver. So it has no way of knowing if that client  
>> prefers A
>> or AAAA records. It shouldn't (need to) care about the client's  
>> preferences
>> or network protocol choices anyway.
>
> Huh?  The glue data doesn't go to the stub resolver anyway.

That's irrelevant to your question about making DNS responses  
conditional on the network protocol used for making queries. I just  
used the simple example of a conventional lookup to show why.

> The stub resolver encodes what data it wants in the questions  
> section by
> explicitly asking for either A or AAAA records.

Not always. It may be asking for other stuff: MX or CNAME records and  
so on. In which case any address records returned in the Additional  
Section of the response are a bonus.


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Tue, Jun 9, 2009 at 3:39 PM, Jim Reid<jim@rfc1035.com> wrote:
> No it isn't.

Sorry, you're right, slowing down DNS resolution time and adding
additional load to the root servers is a great solution.

> So dropping
> stuff from the Additional Section is preferable to sending a truncated
> response and TCP retries.

Fine, but if you're going to drop glue data, then drop the less useful
glue data.

> In the case you mentioned, who cares if the referral for example.com from
> a.root-servers.net does not have an address record for m.gtld-servers.net=
?

I gave an example of a widely used DNS server in my first email that cares.

> It's got A and AAAA records for the other .com servers. That response BTW=
 is
> 501 bytes, so there's not enough room left to squeeze in an address recor=
d
> for m.gtld-servers.net. If the querying server *really* needs that info, =
it
> can just =A0do a lookup to resolve that name.

The client asked a root server over IPv4, not over IPv6.  It obviously
prefers to talk to servers over IPv4 instead of over IPv6, so there's
no reason that glue AAAA records provided for names listed in NS
records should have priority over glue A records provided for names
listed in NS records.

> Oh and NONE of the address records in that referral response are glue.The=
ir
> names don't live under the domain that's being queried (example.com). The=
y
> live under gtld-servers.net. So strictly speaking there's no reason for
> a.root-servers.net to return those address records at all. It was just do=
ing
> that to be nice.

Fine, substitute "www.example.com" with "www.example.net".

>> Huh? =A0The glue data doesn't go to the stub resolver anyway.
>
> That's irrelevant to your question about making DNS responses conditional=
 on
> the network protocol used for making queries.

It's relevant to your argument that what glue records are included in
delegation responses have anything to do with what IPv4/IPv6
connectivity a stub resolver has.

>> The stub resolver encodes what data it wants in the questions section by
>> explicitly asking for either A or AAAA records.
>
> Not always. It may be asking for other stuff: MX or CNAME records and so =
on.
> In which case any address records returned in the Additional Section of t=
he
> response are a bonus.

They're a bonus for MX records, but they're necessary for NS records
pointing to in-bailiwick names.

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
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On 10 Jun 2009, at 00:03, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> I gave an example of a widely used DNS server in my first email that  
> cares.

No you didn't. You gave an example of a broken implementation with a  
small percentage of the installed base. It's so broken it doesn't even  
support EDNS0. Enough said. I have tried to apply clue. You have  
resisted those efforts. This discussion is over.

Welcome to my kill file and goodbye.



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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers 
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> From: Douglas Otis <dotis@mail-abuse.org>
> Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 11:20:04 -0700
> 
> Agreed.  Is there interest in creating a draft that describes how SCTP
> fallback for DNS might be implemented?

i've taken a strong interest in this, but not as a fallback.

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>
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On Tue, Jun 9, 2009 at 4:11 PM, Jim Reid<jim@rfc1035.com> wrote:
> No you didn't. You gave an example of a broken implementation with a small
> percentage of the installed base.

Guess what: the Internet is big! A "small percentage" is still a lot
of installations.

I'm sorry if you think the Internet should only be used by BIND.

> It's so broken it doesn't even support EDNS0.

Since when is not sending DNS queries with EDNS0 considered "broken"?
Why do the root servers bother responding to caches that don't use
EDNS0?  If you want to weed out "broken" software, why not encourage
the root and .com servers to stop responding to queries without EDNS0?
:P

> Enough said. I have tried to apply clue. You have resisted those
> efforts. This discussion is over.
>
> Welcome to my kill file and goodbye.

ohnoz!

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Subject: SCTP (Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers )
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> Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 13:23:13 -0700
> From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
> 
> I don't have any SCTP experience, but these results seem discouraging for
> DNS-over-SCTP adoption.  I'd be interested in knowing if these results
> contradict any DNS-over-SCTP proponents' experiences/expectations.

in SCTP it takes three packets to set up an association (which is like a
TCP session only lightweight and spoofproof.)  it takes four packets to
shut down an association.  so, setup and shutdown are expensive compared
to UDP or TCP, and it only makes sense to use SCTP if you're able to keep
the association open and use it for multiple transactions.

it takes two packets to carry a request and a response, and if they are
the last request and response in the queue then each of these will be
followed by an ACK packet.  so, a slow 1TPS flow would take four packets
per transaction, whereas a faster flow would take two packets per
transaction.  the extra ACK-only packets don't delay the DNS result, but
they do appear on the wire.

by lightweight i mean that a root or TLD or 2LD/3LD server could have many
hundredthousands or even millions of associations open, all on a single
socket and therefore a single file descriptor, so it's not a burden on
the DNS server's system call interface (think of a select() mask here, or
a poll() filedes array.)

the two-byte length field from TCP/53 need not be carried in SCTP, since
the transport will tell the receiver the length of each incoming message.
messages can be quite long, say 64KByte.  the transport is reliable, so if
some segment (packet) is dropped in transit it will be retransmitted and
the receiver won't hear about it until the full message has landed.  there
is no IP fragmentation (any more than there is in TCP, and for the same
reason).

SCTP associations are spoofproof in a way that lets us go back to just
setting DNS TID to 0 at the start of each association, and incrementing it
by one each time we send a new transaction.  there's no need for PING and
neither a reason nor a method for randomizing source port numbers.

most importantly, there's no trivial way to force a downgrade, so if an
initiator tries SCTP first and only uses UDP when SCTP fails, then it will
only use UDP if SCTP has in fact failed, rather than because an attacker
wants it to look like it has failed.  (short of a congestion attack that
would also make UDP fail unless one could control the timing of the end of
the attack down to the millisecond, which seems like a high enough bar.)

so at the moment i think SCTP will be possible.  interestingly, the same
set of middleboxes and firewalls and NATs and PBRs that will prevent SCTP
from working are also preventing EDNS from working right now.  so while we
can legitimately worry that SCTP will be hard to deploy, it turns out that
we have already bitten off a similar challenge.  SCTP has an advantage over
EDNS/UDP in that no middlebox currently knows to look for DNS SCTP messages
and rewrite them.  if we do our job well and quickly, there never will be.

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Subject: [dnsext] Comparing SCTP to TCP or UDP
Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 16:55:20 -0700
References: <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <6923.1244480480@nsa.vix.com> <FA6F6897-2B0E-4CC0-8D5F-67431A699FEF@virtualized.org> <31786.1244517105@nsa.vix.com> <3efd34cc0906090047w735ee179r991a8a9e05cf1133@mail.gmail.com> <60184.1244560661@nsa.vix.com> <20090609160854.GC25651@shinkuro.com> <D569151A-D557-4A67-B139-36A8853193DF@mail-abuse.org> <20090609182801.GB32546@shinkuro.com> <3efd34cc0906091215t419a6bc3k369067783fdc6266@mail.gmail.com> <d791b8790906091323n2de3c135s28ae0d72e7f02164@mail.gmail.com>
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On Jun 9, 2009, at 1:23 PM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> On Tue, Jun 9, 2009 at 12:15 PM, bert hubert<bert.hubert@gmail.com>  
> wrote:
>> To keep it brief, the summary is that SCTP uses at least twice as  
>> many packets as UDP, and far more if the association is not kept  
>> open for a long time. Furthermore, an open association consumes  
>> server resources, and probably not less than TCP (even while  
>> sharing a file descriptor between queries). The initial cookie does  
>> not mitigate this - every association carries state that has to be  
>> carried around.
>
> I don't have any SCTP experience, but these results seem  
> discouraging for DNS-over-SCTP adoption.  I'd be interested in  
> knowing if these results contradict any DNS-over-SCTP proponents'  
> experiences/expectations.


Without question, SCTP requires more resources than UDP in the ideal  
case.  However, the ideal case is _not_ where SCTP offers benefit.

Don't compare SCTP in terms of UDP packets used under ideal  
conditions.  Compare SCTP in terms of deterministic defenses against  
both brute and spoofed source attacks, and the number of servers  
required to withstand them.  Defending against even a moderate attack  
requires substantial resources.  In the case of UDP, these resources  
can be directed toward other victims.  In the case of TCP, resources  
might be consumed rapidly by spoofed sources.

With DNS over UDP, there is no way for DNS to prioritize responses or  
to determine with certainty which queries have spoofed source IP  
addresses or which are truly abusive.  In the case of SCTP, a spoofed  
victim should be able to ignore, as a minor nuisance, unrequested SCTP  
cookies.  With SCTP, DNS servers should also be able to dynamically  
exclude excessive queries without unfairly affecting service to those  
not involved.  In the case of DNS over UDP, only BCP38 mitigates most  
traffic to spoofed victims.  Unfortunately, BCP38 is not complete and  
is not a filter instantiated by victims to protect themselves.  Unlike  
SCTP cookies or TCP SYN-ACKs, the overall size of a response to  
spoofed DNS over UDP can create sizable amplifications that grow even  
larger with EDNS/DNSSEC.  In addition, spoofed UDP DNS queries will  
not respond to network congestion.  Brute force reflected attacks  
using EDNS also introduce a potential for induced packet  
fragmentation.  Fragmentation further increases the impact of an  
attack vector.

With DNS over TCP, a transmission control block (TCB) is consumed by  
every SYN received and is retained until it times out.  The rate of  
TCB consumption is not regulated by source IP addresses since these  
address are not confirmed prior to TCBs being committed.  For targeted  
attacks, specific TCB associations having 20 second timeouts might be  
rapidly consumed by a single T1 link.  Whether brute force, reflected,  
or source spoofed, the use of cookies by SCTP provides a method to  
construct fair and automated defenses that are otherwise impractical.

As the speed of the Internet increases, many seem unaware of the  
looming problems ahead.  Many continue to publish wildcard TXT SPF  
records that carry cached macros.  Some now advocate the use of MX 0 .  
records to refute outbound email.  Some have suggested packet  
cryptography offers protection from spoofed or brute force attacks.   
At least SCTP limits attack mitigation to the validation of one's own  
cookie.  Don't just consider the ideal case, consider those cases that  
represent an existence within today's Internet

-Doug

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To: Samuel Weiler <weiler@watson.org>
Cc: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, namedroppers@psg.com
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Proposal to make DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC required" 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Mon, 08 Jun 2009 18:00:50 -0400." <alpine.BSF.2.00.0906081739340.48209@fledge.watson.org> 
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 11:05:33 +1000
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In message <alpine.BSF.2.00.0906081739340.48209@fledge.watson.org>, Samuel Weil
er writes:
> [ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
>    a non-subscriber, or because it was over 20K.  
>    With the massive amount of spam, it is easy to miss and therefore 
>    delete relevant posts by non-subscribers. 
>    Please fix your subscription addresses. ]
> 
> On Fri, 5 Jun 2009, Paul Hoffman wrote:
> 
> > This means that an signature algorithm that cannot be embodied in a 
> > standards-track RFC, ... not completely in English, cannot be used 
> > interoperably in DNSSEC.
> 
> RFC4034 and its ancestors reserved two values (253 and 254) for 
> "private" algorithms and specified ways to use multiple private 
> algorithms without bad interactions.  While I doubt the code to do 
> that is well-tested, presumably the code to use GOST in DNSSEC isn't 
> well-tested, either.  Perhaps both could be debugged together.

	Well tested?  It's not even written and won't be until there
	is a need to write it.  At the moment we treat all "private"
	algorithms as unknown.  Unless you need to print the
	algorithm's name in a comment or you are trying to verify
	completeness in signing there is no need to examine it until
	you support crypto algorithms which use it.
 
	Mark
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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To: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
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From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] WGLC: draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-rsasha256-14.txt 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Tue, 09 Jun 2009 11:11:31 -0400." <20090609151129.GB25651@shinkuro.com> 
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In message <20090609151129.GB25651@shinkuro.com>, Andrew Sullivan writes:
> Your message doesn't provide enough context.  I _think_ what you mean
> is this:
> 
> On Tue, Jun 09, 2009 at 01:05:20PM +1000, Mark Andrews wrote:
>  
> > A DNSSSEC validator needs to understand both NSEC and NSEC3 for
> > positive answers as well and negative answers, see wildard answers.
> 
> That is a background remark.

Yes.
  
> > A DNSSEC validator that implements RSA/SHA-2 MUST be able to validate
> 	
> > negative answers in the form of both NSEC and NSEC3 with hash	
> > algorithm 1, as defined in [RFC5155]. An authoritative server that	
> > does not implement NSEC3 MAY still serve zones that use RSA/SHA-2	
> > with NSEC denial of existence.
> 
> That is a context paragraph taken directly from Â§5.2 of the -14 draft.
>  
> > A DNSSEC validator that implements RSA/SHA-2 MUST be able to validate
> > denial of existance proofs in both NSEC and NSEC3 (with hash algorithm
> > 1, as defined in [RFC5155]) forms.  An authoritative server that
> > does not implement NSEC3 MAY still serve zones that use RSA/SHA-2
> > with NSEC denial of existence.
>  
> That is additional text you want added at the end of Â§5.2.

	Possible replacement text.
 
> Right? 
> 
> A
> 
> -- 
> Andrew Sullivan
> ajs@shinkuro.com
> Shinkuro, Inc.
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
Cc: Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Tue, 09 Jun 2009 16:23:34 MST." <d791b8790906091623m4c498ae1k3e151e5645564462@mail.gmail.com> 
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In message <d791b8790906091623m4c498ae1k3e151e5645564462@mail.gmail.com>, Matth
ew Dempsky writes:
> On Tue, Jun 9, 2009 at 4:11 PM, Jim Reid<jim@rfc1035.com> wrote:
> > No you didn't. You gave an example of a broken implementation with a small
> > percentage of the installed base.
> 
> Guess what: the Internet is big! A "small percentage" is still a lot
> of installations.
> 
> I'm sorry if you think the Internet should only be used by BIND.
> 
> > It's so broken it doesn't even support EDNS0.
> 
> Since when is not sending DNS queries with EDNS0 considered "broken"?
> Why do the root servers bother responding to caches that don't use
> EDNS0?

	To not break legacy (no IPv6 transport support) software.
	Dropping additional records should not cause iterative
	nameservers to break.  If it does the software was not
	compliant in the first place.

	Note: Some of the roots *are* configured to preference A
	records in the additional section.  This should not be
	needed for queries over IPv6 as EDNS support is manditory.
	See IPv6 node requirements.

> If you want to weed out "broken" software, why not encourage
> the root and .com servers to stop responding to queries without EDNS0?
> :P
>
> > Enough said. I have tried to apply clue. You have resisted those
> > efforts. This discussion is over.
> >
> > Welcome to my kill file and goodbye.
> 
> ohnoz!
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
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-- 
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
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On Tue, Jun 9, 2009 at 7:54 PM, Mark Andrews<marka@isc.org> wrote:
>> Why do the root servers bother responding to caches that don't use
>> EDNS0?
>
> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0To not break legacy (no IPv6 transport support) software.

Sorry, that was a rhetorical question in response to Jim Reid's absurd
claim that software that doesn't support EDNS0 is "broken".

> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0Dropping additional records should not cause iterative
> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0nameservers to break. =A0If it does the software was not
> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0compliant in the first place.

It doesn't cause dnscache to break, but it does cause it to do
additional work and to add additional load on the root servers.
Serving all A glue in preference to any AAAA records for IPv4 clients
is a perfectly backwards compatible solution that solves this problem
with no apparent disadvantages.

> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0Note: Some of the roots *are* configured to preference A
> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0records in the additional section.

Ah, you're right.  It's only {a,c,e,i,j}.root-servers.net that give
AAAA records in preference to A records.

Great, then there's only 5 left to fix. :)

>        This should not be
> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0needed for queries over IPv6 as EDNS support is manditory.
> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0See IPv6 node requirements.

RFC 4294 (IPv6 Node Requirements) only says "All [IPv6] nodes [...]
SHOULD implement stub-resolver [RFC-1034] functionality [...] with
support for [...] EDNS0 [RFC-2671] to allow for DNS packet sizes
larger than 512 octets."  Is there another RFC that says EDNS support
is mandatory for IPv6 nodes?

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To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
Cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Tue, 09 Jun 2009 20:14:45 MST." <d791b8790906092014w22e2dc06j58f8195d5ced1348@mail.gmail.com> 
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In message <d791b8790906092014w22e2dc06j58f8195d5ced1348@mail.gmail.com>, Matth
ew Dempsky writes:
> On Tue, Jun 9, 2009 at 7:54 PM, Mark Andrews<marka@isc.org> wrote:
> >> Why do the root servers bother responding to caches that don't use
> >> EDNS0?
> >
> > =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0To not break legacy (no IPv6 transport support) software.
> 
> Sorry, that was a rhetorical question in response to Jim Reid's absurd
> claim that software that doesn't support EDNS0 is "broken".
>
> > =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0Dropping additional records should not cause iterative
> > =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0nameservers to break. =A0If it does the software was not
> > =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0compliant in the first place.
> 
> It doesn't cause dnscache to break, but it does cause it to do
> additional work and to add additional load on the root servers.

	Well fix dnscache.  The need for bigger UDP packets has
	been obvious for over 10 years now.  If it slow stop
	complaining and get with the program.

> Serving all A glue in preference to any AAAA records for IPv4 clients
> is a perfectly backwards compatible solution that solves this problem
> with no apparent disadvantages.
> 
> > =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0Note: Some of the roots *are* configured to preference A
> > =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0records in the additional section.
> 
> Ah, you're right.  It's only {a,c,e,i,j}.root-servers.net that give
> AAAA records in preference to A records.
> 
> Great, then there's only 5 left to fix. :)
> 
> >        This should not be
> > =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0needed for queries over IPv6 as EDNS support is manditory.
> > =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0See IPv6 node requirements.
> 
> RFC 4294 (IPv6 Node Requirements) only says "All [IPv6] nodes [...]
> SHOULD implement stub-resolver [RFC-1034] functionality [...] with
> support for [...] EDNS0 [RFC-2671] to allow for DNS packet sizes
> larger than 512 octets."  Is there another RFC that says EDNS support
> is mandatory for IPv6 nodes?

	If you choose to implement a iterative resolver instead of
	a stub resolver the need for EDNS doesn't change.  A recursive
	nameserver is just a shared iterative resolver.

	Mark

-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Tue, Jun 9, 2009 at 8:47 PM, Mark Andrews<marka@isc.org> wrote:
> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0Well fix dnscache.

Make up your mind: is it "broken" for a DNS cache to not use EDNS0?

If so, then why not change the root servers to stop answering queries
that don't use EDNS0?  That will certainly encourage "broken" DNS
cache administrators to fix their installations! :P

If not, then why not change the 5 root servers in question to behave
the same as the other 8?  Give me a valid argument why the AAAA
records should be preferred to the A records for an IPv4 client and
I'll drop the issue.

> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0If you choose to implement a iterative resolver instead of
> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0a stub resolver the need for EDNS doesn't change.

What "need"?  The text I quoted is the only mention of "EDNS" in RFC
4294.  What are you talking about?

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Organization: IDNS and Spokesman for INEGroup
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To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
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Matt and all,

  Don't feel bad Matt, I am also in Jim's "Kill file".  Such is life,
ho hum...  Me thinks that Jim although a smart fellow has an ego
larger than his intelect.

Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> On Tue, Jun 9, 2009 at 4:11 PM, Jim Reid<jim@rfc1035.com> wrote:
> > No you didn't. You gave an example of a broken implementation with a small
> > percentage of the installed base.
>
> Guess what: the Internet is big! A "small percentage" is still a lot
> of installations.
>
> I'm sorry if you think the Internet should only be used by BIND.
>
> > It's so broken it doesn't even support EDNS0.
>
> Since when is not sending DNS queries with EDNS0 considered "broken"?
> Why do the root servers bother responding to caches that don't use
> EDNS0?  If you want to weed out "broken" software, why not encourage
> the root and .com servers to stop responding to queries without EDNS0?
> :P
>
> > Enough said. I have tried to apply clue. You have resisted those
> > efforts. This discussion is over.
> >
> > Welcome to my kill file and goodbye.
>
> ohnoz!
>
> --
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Regards,

Spokesman for INEGroup LLA. - (Over 284k members/stakeholders strong!)
"Obedience of the law is the greatest freedom" -
   Abraham Lincoln
"YES WE CAN!"  Barack ( Berry ) Obama

"Credit should go with the performance of duty and not with what is
very often the accident of glory" - Theodore Roosevelt

"If the probability be called P; the injury, L; and the burden, B;
liability depends upon whether B is less than L multiplied by
P: i.e., whether B is less than PL."
United States v. Carroll Towing  (159 F.2d 169 [2d Cir. 1947]
===============================================================
Updated 1/26/04
CSO/DIR. Internet Network Eng. SR. Eng. Network data security IDNS.
div. of Information Network Eng.  INEG. INC.
ABA member in good standing member ID 01257402 E-Mail
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To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
Cc: Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
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On Tue, Jun 09, 2009 at 04:03:02PM -0700, Matthew Dempsky wrote:
> > So dropping
> > stuff from the Additional Section is preferable to sending a truncated
> > response and TCP retries.
> 
> Fine, but if you're going to drop glue data, then drop the less useful
> glue data.
> 

	er...  "useful" - i'd be interested in learning how auth servers
	are supposed to be prescentient in "knowing" what the IMR is going
	to do with said glue.

	the one thing that we have done is to look at the transport that the
	query arrived on and shuffle glue for that transport to the head of
	the line...  not ideal, but an attempt to "know" what is useful or
	not.  Its not foolproof (fools being so clever) but it was a crack
	at not treating one transport as preferable over an other.

--bill

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To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
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On Tue, Jun 09, 2009 at 09:00:15PM -0700, Matthew Dempsky wrote:
> If not, then why not change the 5 root servers in question to behave
> the same as the other 8?  Give me a valid argument why the AAAA
> records should be preferred to the A records for an IPv4 client and
> I'll drop the issue.

	the transport used by the IMR is not equivalent to the
	type of data being asked for - some of the time.

	if the IMR only has a v4 path to the auth server - and the 
	IMR clients have v6 paths to the IMR, should not the IMR get 
	some IPv6 data back from the auth  server for its clients who
	need that data, even though the IMR only has a v4 transit path 
	to the auth server?
--bill


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
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bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> On Tue, Jun 09, 2009 at 09:00:15PM -0700, Matthew Dempsky wrote:
> > If not, then why not change the 5 root servers in question to behave
> > the same as the other 8?  Give me a valid argument why the AAAA
> > records should be preferred to the A records for an IPv4 client and
> > I'll drop the issue.
> 
> 	the transport used by the IMR is not equivalent to the
> 	type of data being asked for - some of the time.

True, but irrelevant - we are talking about glue, which is not the
data being asked for, but meta-data which is used only by the IMR
itself.
-- 
Andreas Gustafsson, gson@araneus.fi

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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 16:45:51 +0200 (CEST)
Subject: Re: Draft Charter v2. Re: [dnsext] Draft DNSEXT charter
From: "Bart Smit" <bit@pipe.nl>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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(already sent to Olafur; forgot to cc the list)

Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:

> Milestones:
> Jun  2009  TSIG/MD5 Obsoleting to IESG.
> Jul  2009  RSA/SHA256 to IESG.
> Jul  2009  AXFR Clarify  to IESG.
> Sep  2009  EDNS0 Ping Option advanced to IESG
> Oct  2009  Resolver side Forgery Resilience advanced to IESG
> Oct  2009  DNSSEC Errata document to IESG
> Nov  2009  GOST DNSKEY and DS support advanced to IESG
> Dec  2009  EDNS0-bis update advanced to IESG
> Feb  2010  DNS existing transport protocol
> recommendations/clarifications  to IESG
> Jun  2010  DNS <new> transport protocol specification

Does putting EDNS0 Ping on the list of milestones imply that
draft-hubert-ulevitch-edns-ping will be adopted as a wg doc? If not,
what's holding back adoption? Also, do we have any indication that Bert is
still willing to author it, despite having withdrawn his request?

Bart



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On Jun 10, 2009, at 2:49, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:

> 	er...  "useful" - i'd be interested in learning how auth servers
> 	are supposed to be prescentient in "knowing" what the IMR is going
> 	to do with said glue.

If I understand it right then Matthew is saying that IPv6 IMR's will  
use EDNS0 anyway, so pretty much by definition the A records are going  
to be the useful ones to non-EDNS0 requestors.


  - ask

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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 11:24:27 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@psg.com
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Proposal to make DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC required"
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[Chair hat on]

Dear colleagues,

I am hanging my message on the interchange between two
participants, but this is an instance of metonymy.  I am not
encouranging that we divide into "camps", but trying to illustrate a
spectrum of options.

On Tue, Jun 09, 2009 at 05:43:27PM -0400, Edward Lewis wrote:
> At 16:48 -0400 6/9/09, Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:
>
>> We do not want to encourage "Vanity" algorithms, there should be a good
>> reason for adopting new algorithms. Having said that I think the next
>> algorithm we adopt (after RSA/SHA256) ought to be an Elliptic Curve
>> algorithm. Followed by the phasing out of DSA.
>
> I disagree with the previous paragraph.  For one, what is a "vanity"  
> algorithm?  And what is a "good reason" to adopt?  I think the flaw in 
> the logic above it that the choice of cryptographic system is not  
> strictly a technical decision.  There are other factors involved,  
> whether the factors run counter to an engineer's sensibilities or not.

[â€¦]

> I don't think it is up to the DNS Extensions WG to dictate policy  
> regarding the use of cryptography.

I wish to draw the WG's attention to the above difference of opinion,
and encourage participants to come to some workable compromise about
the issue, assuming the WG decides to go ahead with the proposed new
charter (or something like it).  If we are going to take on
maintenance work for DNSSEC algorithms, then we might like to have
some principles (I am reluctant to establish "rules" this early in the
process) upon which we will base the decision to take a given
maintenance action.

At one end of a spectrum of principles is something like the one
Olafur outlines (and with which, I suspect, Sam is in agreement): no
action unless there's some compelling reason, with a high barrier to
algorithm ID assignment.

The other end of the spectrum is something like the one Ed (and, I
think, Paul Hoffman) suggests: it's none of our business what people
want to do with this stuff, and unless there's a compelling reason _not_
to hand out an assignment, we ought to allow them to go ahead. 

There are some related issues, but I'd like to focus on the above
dichotomy for a moment.

If we work under a charter that makes us responsible for the algorithm
number assignments, then we do two things:

    1.  We undertake to look after "the interests" of the DNSSEC
    algorithm space under the DNSSEC parts of the DNS protocol.

    2.  We undertake to look after "the interests" of the wider
    Internet community with respect to DNSSEC and algorithm number
    assignments.  

It is plain that these two undertakings are not automatically in
harmony (although one can of course construct an argument about how
they converge in the long run).  Therefore, I think it would be
beneficial if we thought hard about the tension between those two
tasks, and try to expose the ways in which they can be broadly
reconciled.

An alternative, of course, is to refuse to change the charter
specifically to include DNSSEC algorithm maintenance.  It isn't clear
to me what the effect of that would be, however, since the existing
charter in any case makes us responsible for DNS maintenance in
general, and DNSSEC algorithms would seem to fall under that category.

If you have an opinion on where on the spectrum of principles the WG
ought to fall, I think it would be good to hear about it.  These
expressions might also be helpful to the rest of the IETF in
evaluating our proposed new charter.

Best regards,

Andrew

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 11:44:49 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
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[no hat]

On Tue, Jun 09, 2009 at 09:00:15PM -0700, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> If not, then why not change the 5 root servers in question to behave
> the same as the other 8?  Give me a valid argument why the AAAA
> records should be preferred to the A records for an IPv4 client and
> I'll drop the issue.

You have the burden of proof the wrong way.  One would need a valid
argument (and not incidentally, true conclusion -- they're not the
same thing) that a DNS server should prefer A records to AAAA records
in the additional section when talking over IPv4 transit.  As Bill
Manning points out, there is no strong link between the network from
which one is querying and the network that one ultimately wants to
use.

Second, there is reason to suppose that different behaviour on the
part of different servers might be desirable, since this could be the
result of different implementations or different code paths in the
same implementation.

Third, given the v4-v6 interoperation work currently being undertaken
in other working groups (such as BEHAVE), I think there is
considerable reason to be sceptical that tying the things in the
additional section to the network whence the query arrived is a good
idea.  For all we know, it might be that someone is somewhere using
the existence of AAAA records in the additional section as a clue that
the v6 network might be worth trying.  If so, I don't want to
discourage such people.

Best regards,

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 10 08:57:50 2009
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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 16:52:22 +0100
From: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Reply-To: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
To: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>, namedroppers@psg.com
cc: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Proposal to make DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC	required"
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--On 10 June 2009 11:24:27 -0400 Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com> wrote:

> An alternative, of course, is to refuse to change the charter
> specifically to include DNSSEC algorithm maintenance.  It isn't clear
> to me what the effect of that would be, however, since the existing
> charter in any case makes us responsible for DNS maintenance in
> general, and DNSSEC algorithms would seem to fall under that category.

Apologies if I have missed this and it has been said before, but I
think there is a qualitative difference between:
 a) maintaining algorithm registries used in an environment where
    support of those algorithms is optional and can be negotiated
    between sender and receiver; and
 b) maintaining algorithm registries where it makes support of
    an algorithm is in effect compulsory (i.e. if they are not
    supported by one party, there will be interoperability
    problems e.g. because of lack of algorithm negotiation).

For algorithm registries falling into camp (a), provided the use
is by some measure sensible, and subject to Bill's (I think)
comments about every registry we think is inexhaustible actually
coming close to exhaustion after a few years, I think there should
in general be an open minded approach to handing out entries.

For algorithm registries falling into camp (b), the hurdle must be
set higher. It is not simply a technical evaluation of the merits
of one algorithm in isolation. We also need to be concerned about
implementation bloat (as in effect every implementation needs
to support every algorithm), and far more careful about IPR burdened
algorithms, for instance.

There may also be shades of grey in between.

This is not a statement about the GOST application, but a general
statement.

-- 
Alex Bligh

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 10 09:07:45 2009
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To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>, namedroppers@psg.com
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Proposal to make DNSSEC Algorithm Types be "RFC   required"
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At 18:20 09/06/2009, Paul Hoffman wrote:
>At 4:48 PM -0400 6/9/09, Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:
> >DNS is an important infrastructure protocol, if it stops working
> >other things fail. For that reason until something in shown to be
> >HARMLESS we have standards action controlling admission.
>
>Does this means that you are against the current SHA-256 document, 
>which cannot be shown to be harmless? You have supported it in the 
>recent past. We *know* that SHA-256 will get worse over time, and 
>will need to have a transition away from it. Why the contradiction?

If I had not been chair of the WG I would have argued against it
and told people to wait until the new generation of digest algorithms
is available.
WG can still kill it if knowledgeable people make arguments
that it is not needed or is harmful.
IESG may reject it as well if they do not like it.


> >In DNS there is no handshake between "client" and "original 
> server" to negotiate
> >the algorithm to use, either the client understands the "broadcast"
> >RRSIG or it does not. For this reason keeping the list of algorithms that
> >"clients" need to understand small is an interoperabilty advantage.
>
>We fully agree. But that statement is irrelevant to whether or not 
>an algorithm needs to be on standards track. No system needs to 
>implement all standards track documents, as we all know.

While your last statement is in theory true. In reality it is not,
implementations either have policies like "We implement all DNS RFC's"
(this is the case of Nominum, ISC and NLnetLabs).
If they did not there are still going to be customers that say
"I need algorithm X implement it" and if that is a paying customer it
is hard to say no.


> >It takes much longer to upgrade installed software base than the
> >glacial phase of draft progressing through the working group + IESG,
> >thus the speed of allocation argument is not a compelling one.
> >If someone wants to experiment the private name spaces alg=253 and 254
> >are available. The private spaces IMHO are not suitable for production use.
>
>Section A.1.1 of RFC 4034 makes it quite clear that they are 
>intended for production use.

I think we need to define what production means, you can use a 
Private algorithm  in your in house network and that is "in production",
what I meant was in "full Internet use".

I do not read A.1.1 to mean full Internet use nor does it say 
"experiment only".
All it does say is "if you understand this number then the next field 
is going to
be an identifier of this type, If you support that identifier you know how to
parse the key"


> >We do not want to encourage "Vanity" algorithms, there should be a good
> >reason for adopting new algorithms.
>
>Fully agree.

(glad there is something we agree on :-) )


> >Due to the transport used by DNS we do not want to encourage/require
> >zones to use multiple DNSKEY algorithms to sign their zone. In
> >general only during transition from one algorithm to another should zone
> >be signed by multiple algorithms.
> >The more algorithms used ==> more signatures on each RRset ==> 
> larger answers.
>
>Quite right. However, that is also irrelevant to whether or not 
>something needs to be on standards track.

Please give me any other reasons than "ease of registration" or
"number space is large no need to worry" for relaxing the requirement.

> >In the history of systems with "finite" number spaces we have a history of
> >running out of the space no matter how large the early adopters 
> thought the space
> >was. Remember IPv4 addresses, DHCP option space, AS numbers, 
> original Icelandic
> >tax id numbers [1], etc. etc. The moral is be conservative in allocations OR
> >before allocations are opened up have a reuse plan in place.
>
>As Sam Weiler pointed out, we already have one: Section A.1.1 of RFC 
>4034. You might change your view on whether or not that is suitable 
>for production use (if we ever get there).

Actually it is A.1 that contains the possible escape hatch (algorithm 
0 or 255)
I hope that DNS is obsoleted before we need to worry about using the
escape hatch.

         Olafur




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To: "Bart Smit" <bit@pipe.nl>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Subject: Re: Draft Charter v2. Re: [dnsext] Draft DNSEXT charter
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At 10:45 10/06/2009, Bart Smit wrote:
>(already sent to Olafur; forgot to cc the list)
>
>Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:
>
> > Milestones:
> > Jun  2009  TSIG/MD5 Obsoleting to IESG.
> > Jul  2009  RSA/SHA256 to IESG.
> > Jul  2009  AXFR Clarify  to IESG.
> > Sep  2009  EDNS0 Ping Option advanced to IESG
> > Oct  2009  Resolver side Forgery Resilience advanced to IESG
> > Oct  2009  DNSSEC Errata document to IESG
> > Nov  2009  GOST DNSKEY and DS support advanced to IESG
> > Dec  2009  EDNS0-bis update advanced to IESG
> > Feb  2010  DNS existing transport protocol
> > recommendations/clarifications  to IESG
> > Jun  2010  DNS <new> transport protocol specification
>
>Does putting EDNS0 Ping on the list of milestones imply that
>draft-hubert-ulevitch-edns-ping will be adopted as a wg doc? If not,
>what's holding back adoption? Also, do we have any indication that Bert is
>still willing to author it, despite having withdrawn his request?
>
>Bart

As I have said before.
There is enough support in the WG to adopt the work, there is disagreement
on if this is useful or not. ==> WG will adopt the document after it is updated
have one more round of discussion and then dispose of the document
(as someone asked dispose == advance or kill).
David Ulevitch has agreed to hold the editing token.
As Bert does not hold any IPR on this idea, the form of his participation is
immaterial, what matters is the idea not the people proposing it.

Once a document is formally adopted the editor of the document is supposed
to reflect the will of the working group, also editors serve at the 
"pleasure" of
the chairs.

The milestone is there to remind chairs to get the documents done.

         Olafur 


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From: =?UTF-8?B?T25kxZllaiBTdXLDvQ==?= <ondrej.sury@nic.cz>
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 18:57:37 +0200
Message-ID: <e90946380906100957w6b39a9fah80ff178b22780d17@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
To: Andreas Gustafsson <gson@araneus.fi>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>,  Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 2:33 PM, Andreas Gustafsson<gson@araneus.fi> wrote:
> bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
>> On Tue, Jun 09, 2009 at 09:00:15PM -0700, Matthew Dempsky wrote:
>> > If not, then why not change the 5 root servers in question to behave
>> > the same as the other 8? =C2=A0Give me a valid argument why the AAAA
>> > records should be preferred to the A records for an IPv4 client and
>> > I'll drop the issue.
>>
>> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 the transport used by the IMR is not equivalent to =
the
>> =C2=A0 =C2=A0 =C2=A0 type of data being asked for - some of the time.
>
> True, but irrelevant - we are talking about glue, which is not the
> data being asked for, but meta-data which is used only by the IMR
> itself.

Asking over IPv4 doesn't imply you are not IPv6 capable. It could just
be outdate root.hints file. Also the asking side could have different
strategies which IP protocols to use first when dual stacked. So Bill
is right.

Ondrej
--=20
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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 10:20:53 -0700
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: =?ISO-8859-2?Q?Ond=F8ej_Sur=FD?= <ondrej.sury@nic.cz>
Cc: Andreas Gustafsson <gson@araneus.fi>, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com,  Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 9:57 AM, Ond=F8ej Sur=FD<ondrej.sury@nic.cz> wrote:
> Asking over IPv4 doesn't imply you are not IPv6 capable.

There are two sets of resolvers that will contact the root servers
over IPv4: IPv4-only resolvers and dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 resolvers.  A
records are useful to both sets of resolvers, whereas AAAA records are
only useful to the second set.

Mark Andrews has already pointed out that IPv6 nodes SHOULD* support
EDNS0, so these resolvers will be able to get all A and AAAA glue by
advertising a larger buffer size.  Serving A records in preference to
AAAA records for queries over IPv4 avoids causing legacy resolvers to
have to send additional queries to the root servers.

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: =?ISO-8859-2?Q?Ond=F8ej_Sur=FD?= <ondrej.sury@nic.cz>
Cc: Andreas Gustafsson <gson@araneus.fi>, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com,  Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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2009/6/10 Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>:
> Mark Andrews has already pointed out that IPv6 nodes SHOULD* support
> EDNS0,

* Mark actually claimed EDNS support is "mandatory" for IPv6 nodes,
but the IPv6 Node Requirements RFC only states IPv6 nodes SHOULD
support EDNS0.

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 8:44 AM, Andrew Sullivan<ajs@shinkuro.com> wrote:
> You have the burden of proof the wrong way.

I already gave a concrete example of existing software that is
adversely affected by the behavior of these five root servers,
resulting in increased load on all of them.  As of yet, no one has
given a good justification to why AAAA glue records over A glue
records in response to queries not using EDNS0 and sent over IPv4.

>=A0As Bill
> Manning points out, there is no strong link between the network from
> which one is querying and the network that one ultimately wants to
> use.

According to RFC 4294, an IPv6 node SHOULD support EDNS0.  In this
case, the larger buffer size will be able to handle the complete set
of A and AAAA records, and choose however it wants among all of the
record types.

In the event that an IPv6 node does not support EDNS0 and contacts one
of the IPv4 root servers instead of one of the IPv6 root servers, it
seems reasonable to give it A records instead of AAAA records.

> Second, there is reason to suppose that different behaviour on the
> part of different servers might be desirable, since this could be the
> result of different implementations or different code paths in the
> same implementation.

I don't follow how that makes it "desirable".

> Third, given the v4-v6 interoperation work currently being undertaken
> in other working groups (such as BEHAVE), I think there is
> considerable reason to be sceptical that tying the things in the
> additional section to the network whence the query arrived is a good
> idea. =A0For all we know, it might be that someone is somewhere using
> the existence of AAAA records in the additional section as a clue that
> the v6 network might be worth trying. =A0If so, I don't want to
> discourage such people.

Can you elaborate on this point?  I don't follow what problem the
client is trying to solve.  Do you have a concrete example of software
that does this?  If not, is there a reason you want the root servers
to favor a hypothetical IPv6 node that doesn't support EDNS0 and has
some peculiar non-standard behavior in preference to existing software
that is standards conforming?

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From: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
In-Reply-To: <d791b8790906101020j6aadc6b1n7c289c6c7057b151@mail.gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 10:48:42 -0700
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On Jun 10, 2009, at 10:20 AM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 9:57 AM, Ond=F8ej Sur=FD<ondrej.sury@nic.cz> =20=

> wrote:
>> Asking over IPv4 doesn't imply you are not IPv6 capable.
>
> There are two sets of resolvers that will contact the root servers
> over IPv4: IPv4-only resolvers and dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 resolvers.  A
> records are useful to both sets of resolvers, whereas AAAA records are
> only useful to the second set.
>
> Mark Andrews has already pointed out that IPv6 nodes SHOULD* support
> EDNS0, so these resolvers will be able to get all A and AAAA glue by
> advertising a larger buffer size.  Serving A records in preference to
> AAAA records for queries over IPv4 avoids causing legacy resolvers to
> have to send additional queries to the root servers.

Stupid question: So what?

IT only affects a trivial fraction of resolvers, and its getting items =20=

that have very long TTLs, so I don't see why the additional queries =20
really matter at all?


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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 10:55:27 -0700
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu>
Cc: =?ISO-8859-2?Q?Ond=F8ej_Sur=FD?= <ondrej.sury@nic.cz>,  Andreas Gustafsson <gson@araneus.fi>, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com,  Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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2009/6/10 Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu>:
> Stupid question: So what?
>
> IT only affects a trivial fraction of resolvers, and its getting items that
> have very long TTLs, so I don't see why the additional queries really matter
> at all?

Because it's a simple enough problem to fix.  If people are going to
insist that caches always talk to the root servers rather than using a
local copy of the root zone, I think those same people should also be
interested in making sure the root servers behave optimally for all
caches.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 10 11:01:28 2009
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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 10:57:05 -0700
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
Cc: Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 2:49 AM, <bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com> wrote:
> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0er... =A0"useful" - i'd be interested in learning how auth=
 servers
> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0are supposed to be prescentient in "knowing" what the IMR =
is going
> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0to do with said glue.

It's a pretty reasonable guess that if I send a "A? www.example.net"
query to a root server and it responds with a delegation to the .net
servers, that I'm going to repeat my query to them.

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 11:00:44 -0700
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On Jun 10, 2009, at 10:55 AM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> 2009/6/10 Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu>:
>> Stupid question: So what?
>>
>> IT only affects a trivial fraction of resolvers, and its getting  
>> items that
>> have very long TTLs, so I don't see why the additional queries  
>> really matter
>> at all?
>
> Because it's a simple enough problem to fix.  If people are going to
> insist that caches always talk to the root servers rather than using a
> local copy of the root zone, I think those same people should also be
> interested in making sure the root servers behave optimally for all
> caches.

Again, why?

A few arguably broken resolvers (why fetch ALL the A records for  
everything always before proceeding?) have one extra name lookup to  
the root one in a while?

Why should the root servers be changed to accomadate such broken  
behavior?

The amount of impact on the root servers themselves is trivial, and  
the impact on even the arguably broken resolvers is trivial (one extra  
RTT for looking up a TLD not yet in the cache?).

Why change working code?



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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 11:03:15 -0700
To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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At 10:20 AM -0700 6/10/09, Matthew Dempsky wrote:
>On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 9:57 AM, OndÞej Sur˜<ondrej.sury@nic.cz> wrote:
>> Asking over IPv4 doesn't imply you are not IPv6 capable.
>
>There are two sets of resolvers that will contact the root servers
>over IPv4: IPv4-only resolvers and dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 resolvers.  A
>records are useful to both sets of resolvers, whereas AAAA records are
>only useful to the second set.

Say what? I have a V6 host, and I'm using my ISP as my namesever; this is a completely typical set up. The fact that my ISP's box is V4-only is completely unrelated to my queries to it, and its queries to the outside world.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 11:07:10 -0700
Message-ID: <d791b8790906101107p328a5270ldf31030491d88f41@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu>
Cc: =?ISO-8859-2?Q?Ond=F8ej_Sur=FD?= <ondrej.sury@nic.cz>,  Andreas Gustafsson <gson@araneus.fi>, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com,  Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 11:00 AM, Nicholas
Weaver<nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu> wrote:
> A few arguably broken resolvers

Sorry, what RFC says the behavior is broken?

> (why fetch ALL the A records for everything
> always before proceeding?)

How/when else should dnscache find out m.gtld-server.net's A records?
Or should it just never contact it then?

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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 11:09:15 -0700
Message-ID: <d791b8790906101109q3e08425y5c32101d5a9c3ea8@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 11:03 AM, Paul Hoffman<paul.hoffman@vpnc.org> wrote=
:
> At 10:20 AM -0700 6/10/09, Matthew Dempsky wrote:
>>There are two sets of resolvers that will contact the root servers
>>over IPv4: IPv4-only resolvers and dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 resolvers. =A0A
>>records are useful to both sets of resolvers, whereas AAAA records are
>>only useful to the second set.
>
> Say what?

Sorry, by "resolvers" I meant "recursive resolvers".

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From: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 11:12:56 -0700
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On Jun 10, 2009, at 11:07 AM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 11:00 AM, Nicholas
> Weaver<nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu> wrote:
>> A few arguably broken resolvers
>
> Sorry, what RFC says the behavior is broken?
>
>> (why fetch ALL the A records for everything
>> always before proceeding?)
>
> How/when else should dnscache find out m.gtld-server.net's A records?
> Or should it just never contact it then?

It should not DELAY the resolving of a name in order to put m.gtld- 
server.net's A record into the cache.

DELAYING resolution to get information which is not necessary for the  
resolution process is arguably broken behavoir.


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 10 11:32:25 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu>
Cc: =?ISO-8859-2?Q?Ond=F8ej_Sur=FD?= <ondrej.sury@nic.cz>,  Andreas Gustafsson <gson@araneus.fi>, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com,  Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 11:12 AM, Nicholas
Weaver<nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu> wrote:
> It should not DELAY the resolving of a name in order to put
> m.gtld-server.net's A record into the cache.
>
> DELAYING resolution to get information which is not necessary for the
> resolution process is arguably broken behavoir.

By design, dnscache limits itself to one active outbound query at a
time per active inbound query to mitigate amplification attacks.

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From: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
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On Jun 10, 2009, at 11:27 AM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 11:12 AM, Nicholas
> Weaver<nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu> wrote:
>> It should not DELAY the resolving of a name in order to put
>> m.gtld-server.net's A record into the cache.
>>
>> DELAYING resolution to get information which is not necessary for the
>> resolution process is arguably broken behavoir.
>
> By design, dnscache limits itself to one active outbound query at a
> time per active inbound query to mitigate amplification attacks.

So?  Delay that resolution until AFTER the inbound query is resolved.

Blocking resolution to get data you DON'T need to produce a response  
is broken behavior.

That the code is so old that it will never be fixed should not be a  
reason to change the code on the roots.


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu>
Cc: =?ISO-8859-2?Q?Ond=F8ej_Sur=FD?= <ondrej.sury@nic.cz>,  Andreas Gustafsson <gson@araneus.fi>, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com,  Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 11:29 AM, Nicholas
Weaver<nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu> wrote:
> So? =A0Delay that resolution until AFTER the inbound query is resolved.

That would mean having an active outbound query without a
corresponding active inbound query.

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From: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 11:37:16 -0700
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On Jun 10, 2009, at 11:31 AM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 11:29 AM, Nicholas
> Weaver<nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu> wrote:
>> So?  Delay that resolution until AFTER the inbound query is resolved.
>
> That would mean having an active outbound query without a
> corresponding active inbound query.

Hu?  Whats the point of waiting then?  Its data NOT NEEDED for the  
resolution process, and yet for some random reason, its not kosher to  
delay it until after the main resolution is complete or to conduct it  
in parallel?

How is this NOT broken?


And I'm all fine and good at changing server behavior to accomidate  
broken code if:

a)  The market share for the broken code is nontrivial

b)  The effect of the broken code would cause things to not work right.

But this fails BOTH tests.


The only resolver affected is DNSCACHE: code that is old, crufty,  
unpopular, and unsupported.

The only effect is one extra RTT to the root for items which do not  
cache.


And for this you want to change code on THE critical servers for  
Internet operation?  F-that.  Just fix the code for DNSCACHE.



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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 14:42:23 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 10:47:59AM -0700, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> I already gave a concrete example of existing software that is
> adversely affected by the behavior of these five root servers,
> resulting in increased load on all of them.  As of yet, no one has
> given a good justification to why AAAA glue records over A glue
> records in response to queries not using EDNS0 and sent over IPv4.

You still have the burden of proof the wrong way.  One could just as
easily say, for instance, that it is nowhere defined that a resolver
ought to get all the A records before doing any work.  The software in
question happens to work that way, so now you say that others ought to
change their behaviour so that software can behave as it is
programmed.  That's the wrong answer: it's a bad idea to try to change
the protocol now to specify exactly how to sort the data in the
additional section before truncating.  Even if it happens to work for
you, it would be a protocol change, and I am opposed to doing it.
(That said, with my co-chair hat on, if you want this protocol change,
write the I-D that specifies it and see whether you can get enough
support in the WG to so change the protocol.  Hat off again.)

> According to RFC 4294, an IPv6 node SHOULD support EDNS0.  In this
> case, the larger buffer size will be able to handle the complete set
> of A and AAAA records, and choose however it wants among all of the
> record types.

SHOULD does not mean MUST.  There is one obvious case I can think of
in which a v6 host is going to have a rough go of that: some broken
middlebox in the way that won't allow the buffer size to be different.
None of that would matter, except that the work going on in BEHAVE is
designed precisely to cope with a lot of these broken pieces of
equipment, which means that there won't even be an incentive to get
rid of them.  

> > Second, there is reason to suppose that different behaviour on the
> > part of different servers might be desirable, since this could be the
> > result of different implementations or different code paths in the
> > same implementation.
> 
> I don't follow how that makes it "desirable".

It is desirable to have different code paths and different
implementations in the DNS server space, particularly at sensitive
levels of the tree such as ".", ".org", &c.

> Can you elaborate on this point?  I don't follow what problem the
> client is trying to solve.  Do you have a concrete example of software
> that does this?  If not, is there a reason you want the root servers
> to favor a hypothetical IPv6 node that doesn't support EDNS0 and has
> some peculiar non-standard behavior in preference to existing software
> that is standards conforming?

The reason I want them to do as they wish is because there _could_ be
such a client.  I don't know, and I have zero reason to go looking for
one.  The mere fact that it is possible leads me to believe that a
change in this area is bad.  But see above.

I should point out one other thing, again with my co-chair hat on: if
you desire to change this _as a matter of protocol_ (i.e. this is not
just for the root servers, but for all DNS servers everywhere), then
you should write the I-D and see if you can find acceptance, as I
suggested.  In that case, this is the right list and the right
audience for the discussion.  If you're saying instead that there
should be an operational convention governing how the root servers are
configured, then this is the wrong WG to chase that problem down.  We
constrain ourselves to the protocol itself.

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 20:45:40 +0200
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Subject: SCTP (Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers )
To: "namedroppers@ops.ietf.org namedroppers@ops.ietf.org" <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 1:36 AM, Paul Vixie<vixie@isc.org> wrote:
> TCP session only lightweight and spoofproof.) =A0it takes four packets to
> shut down an association. =A0so, setup and shutdown are expensive compare=
d
> to UDP or TCP, and it only makes sense to use SCTP if you're able to keep
> the association open and use it for multiple transactions.

For it to be useful, we'd need to use it for all our traffic.

> it takes two packets to carry a request and a response, and if they are
> the last request and response in the queue then each of these will be
> followed by an ACK packet. =A0so, a slow 1TPS flow would take four packet=
s
> per transaction, whereas a faster flow would take two packets per
> transaction. =A0the extra ACK-only packets don't delay the DNS result, bu=
t
> they do appear on the wire.

Between a single auth server and a single cache, <1 QPS will probably
be quite common. This brings into perspective packet counts that are
at least twice as high as UDP, and more likely five times as high
(when taking into account the setup and teardown).

> by lightweight i mean that a root or TLD or 2LD/3LD server could have man=
y
> hundredthousands or even millions of associations open, all on a single
> socket and therefore a single file descriptor, so it's not a burden on
> the DNS server's system call interface (think of a select() mask here, or
> a poll() filedes array.)

Underneath the hood, the kernel is dealing with the exact same
challenge as select() or poll() however. So you just moved the
problem. In addition, it appears that except for only using a single
fd, there is nothing 'lightweight' about an SCTP association.

I measure around 8 kilobytes per association. This would mean your
millions of associations mentioned above require tens of gigabytes of
ram on a commonly used operating system.

SCTP is not remotely like UDP.

> the two-byte length field from TCP/53 need not be carried in SCTP, since
> the transport will tell the receiver the length of each incoming message.

The two bytes won't save us however.

> most importantly, there's no trivial way to force a downgrade, so if an
> initiator tries SCTP first and only uses UDP when SCTP fails, then it wil=
l
> only use UDP if SCTP has in fact failed, rather than because an attacker
> wants it to look like it has failed. =A0(short of a congestion attack tha=
t
> would also make UDP fail unless one could control the timing of the end o=
f
> the attack down to the millisecond, which seems like a high enough bar.)

This is exactly how one would use EDNS PING.

So please color me unconvinced. SCTP has its merits, but it is not
light weight, and uses a lot of packets compared to UDP or even TCP.

=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0Bert

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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 11:53:13 -0700
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu>
Cc: =?ISO-8859-2?Q?Ond=F8ej_Sur=FD?= <ondrej.sury@nic.cz>,  Andreas Gustafsson <gson@araneus.fi>, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com,  Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 11:37 AM, Nicholas
Weaver<nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu> wrote:
> Hu? =A0Whats the point of waiting then? =A0Its data NOT NEEDED for the
> resolution process, and yet for some random reason, its not kosher to del=
ay
> it until after the main resolution is complete or to conduct it in parall=
el?

I already explained that.  By design, it limits itself to at most one
active outbound query for each active inbound query.  Conducting two
queries in parallel would violate this, as would conducting a second
outbound query after answering the inbound query.  Also, the data *is*
needed for dnscache to be able to send queries to m.gtld-servers.net.

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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Ask =?iso-8859-1?Q?Bj=F8rn?= Hansen <ask@develooper.com>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>, Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 08:20:09AM -0700, Ask Bjxrn Hansen wrote:
> 
> On Jun 10, 2009, at 2:49, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> 
> >	er...  "useful" - i'd be interested in learning how auth servers
> >	are supposed to be prescentient in "knowing" what the IMR is going
> >	to do with said glue.
> 
> If I understand it right then Matthew is saying that IPv6 IMR's will  
> use EDNS0 anyway, so pretty much by definition the A records are going  
> to be the useful ones to non-EDNS0 requestors.
> 
> 
>  - ask

	well... an IMR may in fact be mixed mode, so its
	not appropriate to call an IMR out by a single transport
	protocol.  even if the IMR is dual stack, one can not
	be assured of a clean IPv6 path to all authoritative servers.

--bill
	

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From: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
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On Jun 10, 2009, at 11:53 AM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 11:37 AM, Nicholas
> Weaver<nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu> wrote:
>> Hu?  Whats the point of waiting then?  Its data NOT NEEDED for the
>> resolution process, and yet for some random reason, its not kosher  
>> to delay
>> it until after the main resolution is complete or to conduct it in  
>> parallel?
>
> I already explained that.  By design, it limits itself to at most one
> active outbound query for each active inbound query.  Conducting two
> queries in parallel would violate this, as would conducting a second
> outbound query after answering the inbound query.  Also, the data *is*
> needed for dnscache to be able to send queries to m.gtld-servers.net.

The data is NOT needed to resolve the question asked unless during  
THIS question, it decides randomly that m.gtld-servers.net is its  
selected item.

This is ridiculous.

The behavior of dnscache is broken:  It is waiting to get data that it  
doesn't actually need to resolve THIS query, because its data it might  
randomly use later.

The brokenness is trivial:  It has a practically nonexistent effect on  
the roots, and even for what few dnscache users, the effect is almost  
trivial: one more RTT to the root in the rare case that the TLD's  
authoritative servers are not already in the cache.

The excuses as to why it remains broken are silly:  There are two  
solutions that can be almost trivially added to the code:  Do a  
concurrent fetch or do a delayed lazy fetch.   Neither fix increases  
the number of packets dnscache would generate, just changes the  
ordering so they don't introduce latency.


And, for the trivial benefit of a few users of a piece of broken open  
source code, you WANT TO CHANGE THE BEHAVIOR OF THE ROOT SERVERS WHEN  
THE SERVERS ARE ALREADY WORKING PROPERLY!?!?

Its like "Because there is a pothole in my private driveway next to  
the onramp, we need to repave the entire freeway?"


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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 15:17:11 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 11:53:13AM -0700, Matthew Dempsky wrote:
> outbound query after answering the inbound query.  Also, the data *is*
> needed for dnscache to be able to send queries to m.gtld-servers.net.

So don't send queries there.  So what?

Also, of course, you only need it in the event you got the answer with
the AAAA records, and we've already determined that you don't always
get that.  So you don't even need this to send queries to m as such --
sometimes you will.  But m will get fewer queries from dnscache users
than other servers, and I don't think that matters.

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 12:21:04 -0700
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu>
Cc: =?ISO-8859-2?Q?Ond=F8ej_Sur=FD?= <ondrej.sury@nic.cz>,  Andreas Gustafsson <gson@araneus.fi>, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com,  Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 12:03 PM, Nicholas
Weaver<nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu> wrote:
> The behavior of dnscache is broken: =A0It is waiting to get data that it
> doesn't actually need to resolve THIS query, because its data it might
> randomly use later.

It's broken to delay query 1 instead of query X?

> The excuses as to why it remains broken are silly: =A0There are two solut=
ions
> that can be almost trivially added to the code: =A0Do a concurrent fetch =
or do
> a delayed lazy fetch. =A0 Neither fix increases the number of packets dns=
cache
> would generate, just changes the ordering so they don't introduce latency=
.

And I've already pointed out the design decision that rules out both
of these solutions: dnscache limits itself to at most one active
outbound DNS query for each inbound DNS query.  This decision helps to
mitigate against amplification attacks.  (However, I suppose defending
against amplification attacks isn't a big concern for the working
group that standardized DNSSEC. ;-))

> And, for the trivial benefit of a few users of a piece of broken open sou=
rce
> code, you WANT TO CHANGE THE BEHAVIOR OF THE ROOT SERVERS WHEN THE SERVER=
S
> ARE ALREADY WORKING PROPERLY!?!?

If Paul Vixie and others are going to insist that caches should always
talk to the root servers rather than contacting a local root zone
server, then yes, I think the root servers should serve data in a way
that is compatible with all DNS cache software.

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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 12:28:04 -0700
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
Cc: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Ask_Bj=F8rn_Hansen?= <ask@develooper.com>,  Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 12:00 PM, <bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com> wrote:
> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0well... an IMR may in fact be mixed mode, so its
> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0not appropriate to call an IMR out by a single transport
> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0protocol. =A0even if the IMR is dual stack, one can not
> =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0be assured of a clean IPv6 path to all authoritative serve=
rs.

Sorry, can someone clarify what "IMR" stands for?

Is the terminology being used here that "resolver" means the stub
resolver that sends a query with RD=3D1 to one of a few caching servers
and expects a complete answer, and "IMR" means the recursive resolver
that sends multiple queries with RD=3D0 to one of many authoritative
servers?

In that case, I mean the "resolver" doesn't care what glue data the
authoritative servers give to the "IMR", and the authoritative server
should give glue according to what the "IMR" can best utilize.  If the
"IMR" contacted it using IPv4, then obviously the "IMR" can make use
of A record glue data; it's not guaranteed it can make use of AAAA
record glue data.  The "resolver"'s IPv4/IPv6 connectivity has no
bearing on how the "IMR" should try to answer a query (except for how
to send the response packet, of course).

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From: =?UTF-8?B?T25kxZllaiBTdXLDvQ==?= <ondrej.sury@nic.cz>
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 21:34:06 +0200
Message-ID: <e90946380906101234o378bc9cbn52bc50530383676d@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
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[...snip everything...]

Matthew,

it starts to be really boring :(

what you seem to not understand that this group doesn't dictate how
should root servers behave. This group defines internet standards. And
if you want to change the behavior - write an I-D and if it gets
enough support it could become standard. That's how this group works.

If you want to change behavior without an I-D - you can go to each
individual root server operator and ask them to change their software.

Ondrej
-- 
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 10 12:47:00 2009
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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 12:42:31 -0700
Message-ID: <d791b8790906101242m57290055ybeef25dd5e581912@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: =?ISO-8859-2?Q?Ond=F8ej_Sur=FD?= <ondrej.sury@nic.cz>
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 12:34 PM, Ond=F8ej Sur=FD<ondrej.sury@nic.cz> wrote=
:
> it starts to be really boring :(

Agreed.

> what you seem to not understand that this group doesn't dictate how
> should root servers behave. This group defines internet standards. And
> if you want to change the behavior - write an I-D and if it gets
> enough support it could become standard. That's how this group works.

Just a short I-D that states DNS servers SHOULD include A record glue
data in preference to AAAA record glue data when doing additional
section processing for NS records in response to a query sent over
IPv4 without an EDNS0 OPT record?

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From: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 12:44:43 -0700
References: <d791b8790906092014w22e2dc06j58f8195d5ced1348@mail.gmail.com> <E657D5A8-5BB4-4608-AAAC-9718FC04738B@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU> <d791b8790906101107p328a5270ldf31030491d88f41@mail.gmail.com> <30071D28-2717-489F-B693-B6A073BFC143@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU> <d791b8790906101127i34d1b298u5a4fa24c84d9b12b@mail.gmail.com> <7532B5B4-2F5C-4CB4-82E4-4781FEEA808A@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU> <d791b8790906101131t6f84a023maa5934328dc087e8@mail.gmail.com> <E4B14FE9-BDB8-4A49-975D-14757496422C@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU> <d791b8790906101153h542f9aedlc410e190b4dfe07@mail.gmail.com> <75CCCDF9-47BE-4285-8A88-1B9EEF443EB1@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU> <d791b8790906101221k13a4d187s626882043591fbba@mail.gmail.com>
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On Jun 10, 2009, at 12:21 PM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 12:03 PM, Nicholas
> Weaver<nweaver@icsi.berkeley.edu> wrote:
>> The behavior of dnscache is broken:  It is waiting to get data that  
>> it
>> doesn't actually need to resolve THIS query, because its data it  
>> might
>> randomly use later.
>
> It's broken to delay query 1 instead of query X?

You don't NEED to delay query X.  You don't need to increase the  
number of packets sent.

>> The excuses as to why it remains broken are silly:  There are two  
>> solutions
>> that can be almost trivially added to the code:  Do a concurrent  
>> fetch or do
>> a delayed lazy fetch.   Neither fix increases the number of packets  
>> dnscache
>> would generate, just changes the ordering so they don't introduce  
>> latency.
>
> And I've already pointed out the design decision that rules out both
> of these solutions: dnscache limits itself to at most one active
> outbound DNS query for each inbound DNS query.  This decision helps to
> mitigate against amplification attacks.  (However, I suppose defending
> against amplification attacks isn't a big concern for the working
> group that standardized DNSSEC. ;-))

It is NOT AN AMPLIFICATION ATTACK IF IT DOESN'T INCREASE THE NUMBER OF  
PACKETS!

You are defending a nonsense "design decision" as somehow being  
invoilate.

Both trivial fixes do not increase the number of packets dnscache  
sends.  And the second doesn't even increase the number of active  
outbound queries per inbound query, it just keeps the outbound query  
active after the inbound query has been answered.

djbdns has been unchanged for 8 years now!  It has a significant  
security vulnerability because it doesn't have birthday-attack  
supression.  http://cve.mitre.org/cgi-bin/cvename.cgi?name=CVE-2008-4392

Either fix dnscache yourself (do you want to maintain abandonware open  
source?  Good for you), or stop complaining about a trivial increase  
in latency of lookups.

So why should the roots change NOW to "fix" a trivial slowdown in an 8- 
year old, unmaintained, vulnerable piece of code?


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 10 13:10:49 2009
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Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 13:00:05 -0700
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: =?ISO-8859-2?Q?Ond=F8ej_Sur=FD?= <ondrej.sury@nic.cz>
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> Just a short I-D that states DNS servers SHOULD include A record glue
> data in preference to AAAA record glue data when doing additional
> section processing for NS records in response to a query sent over
> IPv4 without an EDNS0 OPT record?

Also, before I go to this effort, is there anyone on this mailing list
that actually supports such an I-D?  So far, the responses seem to be
very emotionally against.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 10 14:11:51 2009
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From: bert hubert <bert.hubert@netherlabs.nl>
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 20:42:46 +0200
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Subject: Re: SCTP (Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers )
To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Cc: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>, Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>, Douglas Otis <dotis@mail-abuse.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 1:36 AM, Paul Vixie<vixie@isc.org> wrote:
> TCP session only lightweight and spoofproof.) =A0it takes four packets to
> shut down an association. =A0so, setup and shutdown are expensive compare=
d
> to UDP or TCP, and it only makes sense to use SCTP if you're able to keep
> the association open and use it for multiple transactions.

For it to be useful, we'd need to use it for all our traffic.

> it takes two packets to carry a request and a response, and if they are
> the last request and response in the queue then each of these will be
> followed by an ACK packet. =A0so, a slow 1TPS flow would take four packet=
s
> per transaction, whereas a faster flow would take two packets per
> transaction. =A0the extra ACK-only packets don't delay the DNS result, bu=
t
> they do appear on the wire.

Between a single auth server and a single cache, <1 QPS will probably
be quite common. This brings into perspective packet counts that are
at least twice as high as UDP, and more likely five times as high
(when taking into account the setup and teardown).

> by lightweight i mean that a root or TLD or 2LD/3LD server could have man=
y
> hundredthousands or even millions of associations open, all on a single
> socket and therefore a single file descriptor, so it's not a burden on
> the DNS server's system call interface (think of a select() mask here, or
> a poll() filedes array.)

Underneath the hood, the kernel is dealing with the exact same
challenge as select() or poll() however. So you just moved the
problem. In addition, it appears that except for only using a single
fd, there is nothing 'lightweight' about an SCTP association.

I measure around 8 kilobytes per association. This would mean your
millions of associations mentioned above require tens of gigabytes of
ram on a commonly used operating system.

SCTP is not remotely like UDP.

> the two-byte length field from TCP/53 need not be carried in SCTP, since
> the transport will tell the receiver the length of each incoming message.

The two bytes won't save us however.

> most importantly, there's no trivial way to force a downgrade, so if an
> initiator tries SCTP first and only uses UDP when SCTP fails, then it wil=
l
> only use UDP if SCTP has in fact failed, rather than because an attacker
> wants it to look like it has failed. =A0(short of a congestion attack tha=
t
> would also make UDP fail unless one could control the timing of the end o=
f
> the attack down to the millisecond, which seems like a high enough bar.)

This is exactly how one would use EDNS PING.

So please color me unconvinced. SCTP has its merits, but it is not
light weight, and uses a lot of packets compared to UDP or even TCP.

          Bert

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From: niels=ietfops@bakker.net (Niels Bakker)
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Comparing SCTP to TCP or UDP
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* dotis@mail-abuse.org (Douglas Otis) [Wed 10 Jun 2009, 02:21 CEST]:
>> On Tue, Jun 9, 2009 at 12:15 PM, bert hubert<bert.hubert@gmail.com>  
>> wrote:
>>> To keep it brief, the summary is that SCTP uses at least twice as many 
>>> packets as UDP, and far more if the association is not kept open for a 
>>> long time. Furthermore, an open association consumes server resources, 
>>> and probably not less than TCP (even while sharing a file descriptor 
>>> between queries). The initial cookie does not mitigate this - every 
>>> association carries state that has to be carried around.
>>
>> I don't have any SCTP experience, but these results seem 
>> discouraging for DNS-over-SCTP adoption.  I'd be interested in 
>> knowing if these results contradict any DNS-over-SCTP proponents' 
>> experiences/expectations.
>
> Without question, SCTP requires more resources than UDP in the ideal 
> case.  However, the ideal case is _not_ where SCTP offers benefit.

Can you describe your idea of the average case, then?  It would be a 
huge improvement over your current hand-waving

In case you disagree with the data bert hubert presented, the answer 
should be more data


>As the speed of the Internet increases, many seem unaware of the  
>looming problems ahead.  Many continue to publish wildcard TXT SPF  
>records that carry cached macros.  Some now advocate the use of MX 0 .  
>records to refute outbound email.  Some have suggested packet  
>cryptography offers protection from spoofed or brute force attacks.   
>At least SCTP limits attack mitigation to the validation of one's own  
>cookie.  Don't just consider the ideal case, consider those cases that  
>represent an existence within today's Internet

What does "IN MX 0 ." have to do with what transport is used for sending 
DNS datagrams across?


	-- Niels.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 10 17:31:54 2009
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On Jun 10, 2009, at 2:59 PM, Niels Bakker wrote:

> * dotis@mail-abuse.org (Douglas Otis) [Wed 10 Jun 2009, 02:21 CEST]:
>>
>> Without question, SCTP requires more resources than UDP in the  
>> ideal case.  However, the ideal case is _not_ where SCTP offers  
>> benefit.
>
> Can you describe your idea of the average case, then?  It would be a  
> huge improvement over your current hand-waving

DNS represents an essential service that needs to remain operational  
during at least moderate levels of attack.  Daily bot-net activity  
revealed over a few trillion DNS transactions in our tiny network show  
different quantitative results over increased timeframes.  The overall  
sources have been steadily doubling, as if governed by Moore's law.   
Nefarious activity seen through the straw-like-view from our tiny  
network appear to emanate from a few million IP addresses within an  
hour, and grow to hundreds of millions over a few weeks with an  
asymptote at about two years.  While seldom has the activity been  
aimed at causing DDoS events, in our defense against occasional  
attacks that appear aimed at enhancing malware spread, large  
expenditures become required.  Unfortunately, management has decided  
not to make details public.  Much of the attack appears to represent  
re-tasking of the bot-net drones.

> In case you disagree with the data bert hubert presented, the answer  
> should be more data

Unfortunately, much of this data will need to be extrapolations of  
attacks permitted by today's networks.

>> As the speed of the Internet increases, many seem unaware of the   
>> looming problems ahead.  Many continue to publish wildcard TXT SPF   
>> records that carry cached macros.  Some now advocate the use of MX  
>> 0 .  records to refute outbound email.  Some have suggested packet   
>> cryptography offers protection from spoofed or brute force  
>> attacks.   At least SCTP limits attack mitigation to the validation  
>> of one's own  cookie.  Don't just consider the ideal case, consider  
>> those cases that  represent an existence within today's Internet
>
> What does "IN MX 0 ." have to do with what transport is used for  
> sending DNS datagrams across?

These records are likely to generate additional junk traffic from  
millions of otherwise innocent sources that will be targeting roots  
with fairly short negative caching.  The traffic created by this, in  
conjunction with DNSSEC, IPv6 and EDNS will raise the base level that  
roots will need to support.

-Doug

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 11 02:53:14 2009
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Subject: Re: SCTP (Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers )
From: Shane Kerr <shane@isc.org>
To: bert hubert <bert.hubert@gmail.com>
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Date: Thu, 11 Jun 2009 11:47:15 +0200
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Bert,

On Wed, 2009-06-10 at 20:45 +0200, bert hubert wrote:
> I measure around 8 kilobytes per association. This would mean your
> millions of associations mentioned above require tens of gigabytes of
> ram on a commonly used operating system.

AIUI, SCTP can support reliable, ordered delivery like TCP, or it can
run without those features. The protocol stack will require memory to
track the state of things if those are enabled, which it will not
require if these are not used.

So, hopefully those 8 kilobytes per association can be greatly reduced
if we only need the UDP guarantees (meaning - "nothing"). :)

> So please color me unconvinced. SCTP has its merits, but it is not
> light weight, and uses a lot of packets compared to UDP or even TCP.

There is one more packet required for the initial handshake than for
TCP. Since data can be present in the same packets as control
information, the actual sequence for a complete SCTP session might be:

Client -> INIT
          INIT-ACK     <- Server
Client -> COOKIE-ECHO                # put query here   
          COOKIE-ACK   <- Server     # put response here
Client -> SHUTDOWN                   
          SHUTDOWN-ACK <- Server
Client -> SHUTDOWN-COMPLETION

So we've turned a 2-packet transaction UDP transaction, or a 6-packet
TCP transaction, into a 7-packet SCTP transaction.

The latency from the client point of view is 2 RTT (the time until the
COOKIE-ACK comes back with the query response) - not great but not too
horrible.

I don't know what the relative bandwidth consumption is going to be of
the two streams. It will be more, obviously, but not 3.5x since the
packets with only control data should be quite small.

Also note that the most common DNS query is likely to be A followed by
AAAA, or possibly the other way around(*). A smart client will keep the
session open, meaning the total packet count would be 4 for UDP, 8 for
TCP, and 9 for SCTP. The total latency will be 2 RTT for UDP and 3 RTT
for TCP or SCTP.

Going further to the case where we are looking at the communication
between stub resolvers and recursive resolvers, then if stub resolvers
are able to keep the session open without huge cost on the recursive
resolver, then the amortized cost will be the same for SCTP as for UDP -
2 packets per lookup.

--
Shane

(*) Maybe it makes sense to create an EDNS0 option to include 
    additional RTYPEs in a single query?


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From: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Hardening DNS using existing protocol elements
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On Jun 10, 2009, at 11:33 PM, George Barwood wrote:

> It seems to me that there are 3 problems to be solved:
>
> (1) Out-of-path attacks against the 16 bit DNS ID field.
>
> Solution: EDNS Ping ( which I would like to see renamed EDNS  
> Extended ID ).
> That is, the client includes an OPT record that the server copies  
> into it's response.
>
> (2) Out-of-path attacks against IP fragments.
>
> Solution: Response is encrypted* in an OPT record, using the  
> Extended ID as the key,
> if response is > 512 bytes and client indicates support ( by means  
> of an OPT flag ).

NO!  If we want to go down the road at all, they should have the same  
mechanism for 1 and 2:

If there is an EDNS record saying "paranoid", that value should have a  
64b NONCE:

The reply should REPLACE the EDNS extended ID with HMAC-SHA256  
(truncated to 64b) of the entire message.

This is what hashes and HMAC are for.

But to my mind, I really don't think its worth bothering.

Lets face it, who's picking on even all the lAme non-randomizing DNS  
resolvers out there?

Heck, who's picking on the DNS resolvers that don't do bailywick  
checking right?


> (3) Amplification attacks against authoritative servers.
>
> Solution: An OPT record sent by the server asking the client to  
> prove their IP address
> is not forged, if server is under attack, the response is large and  
> the client indicates
> support ( by means of an OPT flag ). The client repeats the request,  
> including a copy
> of the OPT record. Clients that do not indicate support may instead  
> get SERVFAIL
> from a server that is under attack, so they have a big incentive to  
> upgrade.

Bah.  You can just wash that attack through recursive resolvers which  
accept external requests, and distribute things so much.


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 11 07:16:40 2009
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On Jun 11, 2009, at 6:56 AM, George Barwood wrote:
>
>
>> Heck, who's picking on the DNS resolvers that don't do bailywick
>> checking right?
>
> What has bailywick checking got to do with it?
> We are talking about blind attacks modifying fragmented IP packets  
> ( very easy to do ).
> For a resolver behind a NAT that means a single forged packet.

Because there are horribly broken DNS resolvers out there which will  
happily accept pretty much anything in a glue record.

Those you don't need packet injection at ALL to poison.


>
>
>>> (3) Amplification attacks against authoritative servers.
>>>
>>> Solution: An OPT record sent by the server asking the client to
>>> prove their IP address
>>> is not forged, if server is under attack, the response is large and
>>> the client indicates
>>> support ( by means of an OPT flag ). The client repeats the request,
>>> including a copy
>>> of the OPT record. Clients that do not indicate support may instead
>>> get SERVFAIL
>>> from a server that is under attack, so they have a big incentive to
>>> upgrade.
>>
>> Bah.  You can just wash that attack through recursive resolvers which
>> accept external requests, and distribute things so much.
>
> Don't understand you.
> Are you saying that amplification attacks against DNSSEC authorities  
> are not a problem?
> Or that there are other attacks that are worse?

That you don't need to target DNSSEC authorities, but can use  
recursive resolvers, and since there are soooo many of those, rate  
limiting doesn't really matter or help.

>
>
> George
>
>


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* George Barwood:

>> Heck, who's picking on the DNS resolvers that don't do bailywick  
>> checking right?
>
> What has bailywick checking got to do with it?

Lack of attacks means that it's difficult to justify work on
countermeasures.

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On Jun 11, 2009, at 7:32 AM, George Barwood wrote:
>
> That's from the attackers point of view.
> From my point of view, I want a secure cache.
> I don't want an out-of-path attacker to be able to easily re-route  
> or sample
> my DNS traffic, for example ( we are not just talking DoS ).

If this is your objective, then you want the following, even behind a  
NAT:

Run your OWN recursive resolver, with 0x20 enabled, EDNS DISABLED, and  
the "No race until win" glue policies. EG, unbound:


The 0x20 means that you have about +9-12b of entropy for real world  
names


The paranoid glue policy means that the kaminski attack against 0x20  
doesn't work (eg, 1111.com can only work to poison 1111.com's record,  
not the nameserver record for .com).


By not having EDNS, you keep the buffer size small so you don't have  
fragmentation issues.


And by running your own resolver, you are too small a target to bother  
with.


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 11 08:32:25 2009
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Date: Thu, 11 Jun 2009 17:28:55 +0200
From: Stefan Schmidt <zaphodb@zaphods.net>
To: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Hardening DNS using existing protocol elements
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On Thu, Jun 11, 2009 at 04:26:00PM +0200, Florian Weimer wrote:
> >> Heck, who's picking on the DNS resolvers that don't do bailywick  
> >> checking right?

The DNS 'community'.

> > What has bailywick checking got to do with it?
> 
> Lack of attacks means that it's difficult to justify work on
> countermeasures.

IIRC the argument most commonly used in the discussion to speed up DNSSEC
'deployment' is that in its current state DNS is prone to Kaminsky-style
attacks. I surely hope you still find justification to work on protecting DNS
from this kind of attack because in my world good engineering stands for
thinking ahead of these things.

	Stefan

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Date: Thu, 11 Jun 2009 16:26:19 +0000
From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, Ask =?iso-8859-1?Q?Bj=F8rn?= Hansen <ask@develooper.com>, Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 12:28:04PM -0700, Matthew Dempsky wrote:
> On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 12:00 PM, <bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com> wrote:
> >        well... an IMR may in fact be mixed mode, so its
> >        not appropriate to call an IMR out by a single transport
> >        protocol.  even if the IMR is dual stack, one can not
> >        be assured of a clean IPv6 path to all authoritative servers.
> 
> Sorry, can someone clarify what "IMR" stands for?
> 
> Is the terminology being used here that "resolver" means the stub
> resolver that sends a query with RD=1 to one of a few caching servers
> and expects a complete answer, and "IMR" means the recursive resolver
> that sends multiple queries with RD=0 to one of many authoritative
> servers?
> 
> In that case, I mean the "resolver" doesn't care what glue data the
> authoritative servers give to the "IMR", and the authoritative server
> should give glue according to what the "IMR" can best utilize.  If the
> "IMR" contacted it using IPv4, then obviously the "IMR" can make use
> of A record glue data; it's not guaranteed it can make use of AAAA
> record glue data.  The "resolver"'s IPv4/IPv6 connectivity has no
> bearing on how the "IMR" should try to answer a query (except for how
> to send the response packet, of course).


http://www.cafax.se/dnssec/maillist/2004-05/msg00046.html

Interative Mode Resolver.


--bill

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To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, "Nicholas Weaver" <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>, owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Hardening DNS using existing protocol elements
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> I'm fully aware I must not enable EDNS.
> 
> But now I want to start deploying DNSSEC. I still want security 
> against out-of-path attacks for unsigned zones.

If your upstream recursive resolver is a recent(ish) version of BIND (or 
Unbound?) with DNSSEC enabled without EDNS0 then you can get some security 
by setting AD=1 in your queries.

You'll not get any DNSSEC related RRs in your answers so your buffer size 
problems are no worse than now.

You will get AD=1 responses for good zones, AD=0 for insecured zones, and 
SERVFAIL for bogus zones.

Ray

-- 
Ray Bellis, MA(Oxon) MIET
Senior Researcher in Advanced Projects, Nominet
e: ray@nominet.org.uk, t: +44 1865 332211

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Date: Thu, 11 Jun 2009 09:52:21 -0700
Message-ID: <d791b8790906110952x280f9dbfv97f76c3d369fd5cc@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
Cc: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Ask_Bj=F8rn_Hansen?= <ask@develooper.com>,  Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Thu, Jun 11, 2009 at 9:26 AM, <bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com> wrote:
> On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 12:28:04PM -0700, Matthew Dempsky wrote:
>> Sorry, can someone clarify what "IMR" stands for?
>
> http://www.cafax.se/dnssec/maillist/2004-05/msg00046.html
>
> Interative Mode Resolver.

Thanks. :-)

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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
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References: <d791b8790906091410j19051f9eu922fa62d9cc3301c@mail.gmail.com> <DFC574B1-2958-4EA2-A615-EAE7492FB2BA@rfc1035.com> <d791b8790906091452u43fcf786i414dae7b1cff07a6@mail.gmail.com> <4D291F23-2937-4A13-A01D-9BD7630E7F32@rfc1035.com> <d791b8790906091603n410174d0tb25376976fa45b34@mail.gmail.com> <20090610094943.GB15847@vacation.karoshi.com.> <d791b8790906101057g383b1e5dm5f9e5c68974091a8@mail.gmail.com>
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On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 10:57:05AM -0700, Matthew Dempsky wrote:
> On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 2:49 AM, <bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com> wrote:
> >        er...  "useful" - i'd be interested in learning how auth servers
> >        are supposed to be prescentient in "knowing" what the IMR is going
> >        to do with said glue.
> 
> It's a pretty reasonable guess that if I send a "A? www.example.net"
> query to a root server and it responds with a delegation to the .net
> servers, that I'm going to repeat my query to them.

	ok... do you care that the query came in over IPv6 and
	so I, as the root server make the informed guess that the
	net servers, which have AAAA records, that maybe I should
	sort the AAAA RR's for .net in the reply?

	mind, you want the A rr for www.example.net - so your sending
	a priming query to the root.  and your IMR is going to cache 
	the data sent from the root.  the IMR will get both AAAA and A
	RR's for some/all of the .net servers. Your still going to have
	a couple more sets of recursive queries.

	You'll next send a query to the .net servers trying to find the
	A RR for www.example.net - and lo'n'behol... the example.net servers
	only talk over IPv6 transport.  so the response, whatever it might
	be, will come over IPv6 transport.  if the example.net NS set has
	both AAAA and A rr's, they might send your reply with the AAAA rr's
	first.

	then - tada - you get to ask the example.net servers, again over
	IPv6 transport for the A RR for www.example.net.  and since there
	are no AAAA for www.example.net, you get back the A.  just what
	you asked for.  

	so... what is your IMR is going to cache both A and AAAA rr's for 
	delegation cuts where such things exist.  And if your IMR decides
	to truncate or to force the auth server to truncate the responses
	to some historically small value - thereby causeing you a loss of
	data...  that sounds like locally induced pain.  

--bill

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 11 14:56:10 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Hardening DNS using existing protocol elements
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Stefan Schmidt wrote:
 
>>>What has bailywick checking got to do with it?
>>
>>Lack of attacks means that it's difficult to justify work on
>>countermeasures.

> IIRC the argument most commonly used in the discussion to speed up DNSSEC
> 'deployment' is that in its current state DNS is prone to Kaminsky-style
> attacks.

DNSSEC is also prone to Kaminsky-stype attacks.

If you have one time access to signature generation mechanism
of a zone, you can get a valid signature over false data.
The attack is new to DNSSEC easier than modifying zone content
and is hardly noticable.

With the signature and the data, attacking of DNSSEC is
trivially easy.

The solution is not to deploy DNSSEC but to protect cache
abandoning the broken concept of bailiwick.

						Masataka Ohta


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Subject: Re: SCTP (Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers )
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On Jun 11, 2009, at 1:13 AM, Florian Weimer wrote:

> * Paul Vixie:
>
>> it takes two packets to carry a request and a response, and if they  
>> are the last request and response in the queue then each of these  
>> will be followed by an ACK packet.  so, a slow 1TPS flow would take  
>> four packets per transaction, whereas a faster flow would take two  
>> packets per transaction.  the extra ACK-only packets don't delay  
>> the DNS result, but they do appear on the wire.
>
> If you use SCTP's retransmit feature, you need in-kernel data  
> buffers or delays in user space.  A new PR-SCTP service might work  
> around this problem, but it seems to me that some protocol work is  
> required.

PR-SCTP will mean retries are handled by a layer above the transport,  
just as they are for UDP.  For servers, this might conserve  
resources.  Using SCTP_UNORDERED should minimize head of queue  
blocking and free buffer space sooner.  It would be nice to have  
various access statistics available to assess various strategies that  
might be used when employing persistent associations.  IIRC, the  
default number of persistent associations supported by the FreeBSD  
kernel is 40K.  Many of our customers access our DNS through an ISP's  
resolver, where there is more than a two to one reduction of sources  
for records having 300s TTLs.  For our application, no modification of  
FreeBSD would appear needed.  The duration of an inactive association  
could be regulated by the number of available associations.

>> by lightweight i mean that a root or TLD or 2LD/3LD server could  
>> have many hundred thousands or even millions of associations open,  
>> all on a single socket and therefore a single file descriptor, so  
>> it's not a burden on the DNS server's system call interface (think  
>> of a select() mask here, or a poll() filedes array.)
>
> If you keep that many idle associations open, your servers will be  
> busy processing all the associated heartbeat messages.

To prevent resource exhaustion whenever multihoming is used, an  
initial heartbeat confirms alternate paths.  For on-going  
associations, heartbeat rates can be adjusted or turned off.

> The one-to-many style interface also needs in-kernel buffers, and it  
> will be somewhat difficult to control the amount of resources used  
> by busy resolver.  Furthermore, it is explicitly left open in the  
> sockets API draft whether one receiver behind a one-to-many socket  
> can block communications to other receivers (see section 4.4 in  
> draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctpsocket-19).

The API supports moving a one-to-many association to a different one- 
to-one descriptor and establish independent outbound allocations.   
There is also an SCTP_AUTOCLOSE that might take care of most  
association housekeeping.  The goal should be to retain the most  
active associations as persistent to ensure minimal latency and  
somewhat reduced traffic.  SCTP's source validation eliminates  
concerns related to reflected attack, where any increase in traffic  
should appear small when compared to everything else now going over  
the Internet.

-Doug


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Date: Fri, 12 Jun 2009 11:21:45 +0200 (CEST)
Subject: Re: Draft Charter v2. Re: [dnsext] Draft DNSEXT charter
From: "Bart Smit" <bit@pipe.nl>
To: "Olafur Gudmundsson" <ogud@ogud.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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>>Does putting EDNS0 Ping on the list of milestones imply that
>>draft-hubert-ulevitch-edns-ping will be adopted as a wg doc? If not,
>>what's holding back adoption?

> There is enough support in the WG to adopt the work, there is disagreement
> on if this is useful or not. ==> WG will adopt the document after it is
> updated

Maybe I don't understand the way things work around here, but on the one
hand you're saying that there is enough support to adopt and on the other
that the draft should be updated first.

So are we now in a situation where a draft is awaiting comments before
having been adopted, or is the somewhat arbitrarily delimited set of
comments received thusfar regarded as an amendment to the draft?

I ask because keeping in line with my understanding of this wg's
operation, I would be withholding any (hypothetical) comments I might have
until the draft has been adopted.

I just want to understand the procedures.

Bart

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Date: Fri, 12 Jun 2009 10:05:08 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: Draft Charter v2. Re: [dnsext] Draft DNSEXT charter
Message-ID: <20090612140508.GB36147@shinkuro.com>
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On Fri, Jun 12, 2009 at 11:21:45AM +0200, Bart Smit wrote:

> I ask because keeping in line with my understanding of this wg's
> operation, I would be withholding any (hypothetical) comments I might have
> until the draft has been adopted.

No need to do this.  Comment away, please.

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sat Jun 13 19:31:56 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers
References: <d791b8790906051053m24694b98veffde4093275f085@mail.gmail.com> <60257A6B-C35B-4477-8183-01C4499C08FB@rfc1035.com> <D42211E8-8AB8-4639-86DF-682C09D16602@virtualized.org> <8763f7fdo2.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <7062EC09-F98E-4803-B509-B9AE7DE43EF8@virtualized.org> <1244474011.4151.13009.camel@shane-asus-laptop> <6923.1244480480@nsa.vix.com> <FA6F6897-2B0E-4CC0-8D5F-67431A699FEF@virtualized.org> <31786.1244517105@nsa.vix.com>  <3efd34cc0906090047w735ee179r991a8a9e05cf1133@mail.gmail.com> <60184.1244560661@nsa.vix.com>
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Paul Vixie wrote:
>> From: bert hubert <bert.hubert@netherlabs.nl>
>> Date: Tue, 9 Jun 2009 09:47:34 +0200
>>
>> With a hostile service provider, all bets are off. The best thing one
>> can do in that case is make sure you don't get *any* answers.  So it
>> does not make a lot of sense to ponder this situation for protocol
>> design, or even operational guidelines.
> 
> of course.  however, making local root name service universal, is going
> to engender a lot more opportunistic hostility along these lines.  since
> there's no operational problem being solved by it, and since the failure
> modes include "becoming out of date" in a dozen ways, and since there
> is almost nothing one can say the root zone needs that many 2LD's and
> some 3LD's also need, this whole thread is "twilight zone" territory.

But isn't a signed root zone going to cause problems for such providers?
They are presumably changing the contents and therefore the signature
will no longer match the contents and you will likely get dnssec
failures. After all isn't that the intent of DNSSEC signing of the root
zone? If they go ahead with their own resigning will that "fix" the
problem or continue to invalidate all the signed zones down the hierarchy?

Danny



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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sun Jun 14 11:42:43 2009
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From: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Subject: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
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To follow up on the discussion from the last two weeks here is a
draft to explicitly outlaw setting of DO bit of with buff size < 1220.

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gudmundsson-dnsext-setting-ends0-do-bit-00

The draft also has another protocol change related to responders


Intended Status: Standard Track                           O. Gudmundsson
Network Working Group                                     Shinkuro, Inc.
Internet-Draft                                             June 13, 2009
Updates: 4035 (if approved)
Intended status: Standards Track
Expires: December 15, 2009


       DNSSEC OK buffer minimum size requirment and error handling
             draft-gudmundsson-dnsext-setting-ends0-do-bit-00

  Abstract
    RFC3226 mandated support for EDNS0 in DNS entities claiming to
    support either DNS Security Extensions or IPv6 address records.  This
    requirement was motivated because these new features increase the
    size of DNS messages.  If EDNS0 is not supported fall back to TCP
    will happen, having a detrimental impact on query latency and DNS
    server load.





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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sun Jun 14 12:25:14 2009
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Olafur and all,

  I didn't know the IETF was a legislative body of any sort.  ???

  Where is the consensus that 1220 is bad?

Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:

> To follow up on the discussion from the last two weeks here is a
> draft to explicitly outlaw setting of DO bit of with buff size < 1220.
>
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gudmundsson-dnsext-setting-ends0-do-bit-00
>
> The draft also has another protocol change related to responders
>
> Intended Status: Standard Track                           O. Gudmundsson
> Network Working Group                                     Shinkuro, Inc.
> Internet-Draft                                             June 13, 2009
> Updates: 4035 (if approved)
> Intended status: Standards Track
> Expires: December 15, 2009
>
>        DNSSEC OK buffer minimum size requirment and error handling
>              draft-gudmundsson-dnsext-setting-ends0-do-bit-00
>
>   Abstract
>     RFC3226 mandated support for EDNS0 in DNS entities claiming to
>     support either DNS Security Extensions or IPv6 address records.  This
>     requirement was motivated because these new features increase the
>     size of DNS messages.  If EDNS0 is not supported fall back to TCP
>     will happen, having a detrimental impact on query latency and DNS
>     server load.
>
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
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Regards,

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===============================================================
Updated 1/26/04
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sun Jun 14 13:51:29 2009
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From: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Cc: namedroppers@psg.com
Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
References: <200906141835.n5EIZ0dD020925@stora.ogud.com>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2009 22:43:44 +0200
In-Reply-To: <200906141835.n5EIZ0dD020925@stora.ogud.com> (Olafur Gudmundsson's message of "Sun, 14 Jun 2009 14:33:58 -0400")
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* Olafur Gudmundsson:

> To follow up on the discussion from the last two weeks here is a
> draft to explicitly outlaw setting of DO bit of with buff size < 1220.

I think the assumption in section 3 is wrong.  At least two resolver
implementations haven't got a DO/non-DO cache separation and can't
provide DNSSEC data to a client if it was not originally put into the
cache.  From what I've heard, this is difficult to change.

The proposed change is risky for popular zones because BIND will
requery immediately (at a rate of 1/RTT) when the response lacks
DNSSEC records expected as the result of local configuration or a
secure delegation.

By the way, I'm pretty sure that the reason for the DO flag wasn't
packet size, as you suggest, but the desire not to confuse resolvers
with additional data at odd places in the response packet.

Section 2.2 seems to imply that the root does not support EDNS0, but
it actually does:

; <<>> DiG 9.6.0-P1 <<>> @a.root-servers.net . NS +bufsize=4096 +norecurse
; (1 server found)
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 33462
;; flags: qr aa; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 13, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 21

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;.                              IN      NS

;; ANSWER SECTION:
.                       518400  IN      NS      E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.
[...]
M.ROOT-SERVERS.NET.     3600000 IN      AAAA    2001:dc3::35

;; Query time: 171 msec
;; SERVER: 198.41.0.4#53(198.41.0.4)
;; WHEN: Sun Jun 14 22:36:01 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 643


So even the priming reply is larger than 512 bytes nowadays.

If the traffic increase for a signed root is a concern, it could be
served from separate IP addresses (requiring new hints), so that the
ramp-up would be a bit more gradual.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sun Jun 14 18:02:46 2009
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From: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
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On Jun 14, 2009, at 4:20 PM, George Barwood wrote:

> =46rom the draft:
>
> "What seems to be  happening is that resolver implementations have =20
> discovered that ENDS0
>   with buffer size of 4096 is sometimes silently dropped and fall =20
> back  to < 1220 in an attempt to get messages through."
>
> Is the reason known for the silent dropping?
>
> At a guess, it would be due to packets exceeding the internet MTU =20
> size of 1500 bytes.

Well, the Ethernet MTU, with is something of a De-facto Internet MTU.

What happens is some device won't fragment when they should, some =20
devices won't reassemble properly when they should (*cough* firewalls/=20=

nats *cough*), etc.

So although a host may advertise EDNS0 support, it can't actually =20
properly receive a large request.

(This is one of the things we test for in netalyzr, BTW).  Its =20
unfortunatly very common.

>
> I wonder if some protocol extension could be defined so that large =20
> responses can be sent over UDP
> in several packets, to avoid problems with fragmentation. I'm no =20
> expert in IP fragmentation, but is it
> the case that normally fragmentation does not occur, so faulty =20
> implementations are likely to have arisen
> unnoticed, and therefore relying on it for transporting DNSKEY =20
> rrsets may be unrealistic.
>
> That said, the limited aim of the draft seems sensible, as a =20
> practical measure.
>
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Olafur Gudmundsson" <ogud@ogud.com>
> To: <namedroppers@psg.com>
> Sent: Sunday, June 14, 2009 7:33 PM
> Subject: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
>
>
>> To follow up on the discussion from the last two weeks here is a
>> draft to explicitly outlaw setting of DO bit of with buff size < =20
>> 1220.
>>
>> =
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-gudmundsson-dnsext-setting-ends0-do-bit-0=
0
>>
>> The draft also has another protocol change related to responders
>>
>>
>> Intended Status: Standard Track                           O. =20
>> Gudmundsson
>> Network Working Group                                     Shinkuro, =20=

>> Inc.
>> Internet-Draft                                             June 13, =20=

>> 2009
>> Updates: 4035 (if approved)
>> Intended status: Standards Track
>> Expires: December 15, 2009
>>
>>
>>      DNSSEC OK buffer minimum size requirment and error handling
>>            draft-gudmundsson-dnsext-setting-ends0-do-bit-00
>>
>> Abstract
>>   RFC3226 mandated support for EDNS0 in DNS entities claiming to
>>   support either DNS Security Extensions or IPv6 address records.  =20=

>> This
>>   requirement was motivated because these new features increase the
>>   size of DNS messages.  If EDNS0 is not supported fall back to TCP
>>   will happen, having a detrimental impact on query latency and DNS
>>   server load.
>>
>>
>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org =20=

>> with
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>> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
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From: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
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At 16:43 14/06/2009, Florian Weimer wrote:
>* Olafur Gudmundsson:
>
> > To follow up on the discussion from the last two weeks here is a
> > draft to explicitly outlaw setting of DO bit of with buff size < 1220.
>
>I think the assumption in section 3 is wrong.  At least two resolver
>implementations haven't got a DO/non-DO cache separation and can't
>provide DNSSEC data to a client if it was not originally put into the
>cache.  From what I've heard, this is difficult to change.

This is exactly the reason why the draft specifies that the DO bit
be cleared in response when the server does not fit the DNSSEC answer
into the <1220 buffer advertised.


>The proposed change is risky for popular zones because BIND will
>requery immediately (at a rate of 1/RTT) when the response lacks
>DNSSEC records expected as the result of local configuration or a
>secure delegation.

Bind is the biggest offender of setting DO =1 && buff_size < 1220.


>By the way, I'm pretty sure that the reason for the DO flag wasn't
>packet size, as you suggest, but the desire not to confuse resolvers
>with additional data at odd places in the response packet.

It was both.


>Section 2.2 seems to imply that the root does not support EDNS0, but
>it actually does:

Looks like I need to fix the wording in the next version :-)

This is the query that has me most worried
<stora:~ 21:17 8 0>dig doesnotexistatall.gov. ptr +dnssec
     ...
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 1513

it is > 1500 bytes long because they use NSEC3 and Zone Signing keys that is
2048 bits long. (Org's negative answer is only 1007 bytes.

         Olafur


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sun Jun 14 18:50:06 2009
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From: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
To: Michael Graff <mgraff@isc.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2009 18:44:45 -0700
References: <200906141835.n5EIZ0dD020925@stora.ogud.com> <6B75206D24B84A2BA5703B33183D5203@localhost> <D3E7D5CE-EE12-4B39-9686-E65DD41BD3A8@icsi.berkeley.edu> <4A35A177.7020005@isc.org>
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On Jun 14, 2009, at 6:18 PM, Michael Graff wrote:

> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> Hash: SHA1
>
> Nicholas Weaver wrote:
>
>> (This is one of the things we test for in netalyzr, BTW).  Its
>> unfortunatly very common.
>
> Do you have any data showing that a 1220-byte packet might make it,
> where a 4096 one will not?

Not yet, but I can add it in.  Currently the Netalyzr test is as  
~1800B response...

I can easily add in a 1200B response to see if that does make it  
through OK.

nweaver% dig +dnssec edns_large.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu  
@roland.icir.org

; <<>> DiG 9.4.3-P1 <<>> +dnssec edns_large.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu  
@roland.icir.org
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 39944
;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 21
;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags: do; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;edns_large.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
edns_large.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 1 IN A   192.150.187.31

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 10  IN      NS      roland.icir.org.
netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 100 IN      NS       
return_false.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
roland.icir.org.        10      IN      A       192.150.187.31
filler0.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 100 IN CNAME  
return_false 
.this 
.is 
.random 
.filler.ballast.to.make.the.response.big0.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu.
filler1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 100 IN CNAME  
return_false 
.this 
.is 
.random 
.filler.ballast.to.make.the.response.big1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu.
....
;; Query time: 29 msec
;; SERVER: 192.150.187.31#53(192.150.187.31)
;; WHEN: Sun Jun 14 18:42:54 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 1824




>
> - --Michael
>
> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNATURE-----
> Version: GnuPG v1.4.8 (Darwin)
> Comment: Using GnuPG with Mozilla - http://enigmail.mozdev.org
>
> iEYEARECAAYFAko1oXYACgkQ+NNi0s9NRJ3iXACfYsfnUzMlIGAnA/ZpC+wL7kp2
> a0kAn3Wz5L5pmtaHzeWZQyU5aqHFuDfL
> =/l5T
> -----END PGP SIGNATURE-----


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sun Jun 14 20:27:13 2009
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Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2009 23:20:02 -0400
From: Danny Mayer <mayer@gis.net>
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To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
References: <d791b8790906092014w22e2dc06j58f8195d5ced1348@mail.gmail.com>	 <200906100347.n5A3lUXh013734@drugs.dv.isc.org>	 <d791b8790906092100r19498edai4eefbbd9f2ccaee1@mail.gmail.com>	 <20090610095550.GC15847@vacation.karoshi.com.>	 <18991.43011.153595.454259@guava.gson.org>	 <e90946380906100957w6b39a9fah80ff178b22780d17@mail.gmail.com> <d791b8790906101020j6aadc6b1n7c289c6c7057b151@mail.gmail.com>
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Matthew Dempsky wrote:
> On Wed, Jun 10, 2009 at 9:57 AM, Ondøej Surý<ondrej.sury@nic.cz> wrote:
>> Asking over IPv4 doesn't imply you are not IPv6 capable.
> 
> There are two sets of resolvers that will contact the root servers
> over IPv4: IPv4-only resolvers and dual-stack IPv4/IPv6 resolvers.  A
> records are useful to both sets of resolvers, whereas AAAA records are
> only useful to the second set.
> 
> Mark Andrews has already pointed out that IPv6 nodes SHOULD* support
> EDNS0, so these resolvers will be able to get all A and AAAA glue by
> advertising a larger buffer size.  Serving A records in preference to
> AAAA records for queries over IPv4 avoids causing legacy resolvers to
> have to send additional queries to the root servers.

There is a really bad assumption here: that the resolvers are the
consumers of the resulting A and AAAA records. The real consumer is the
application initiating the request of the resolver for an address. The
application may well be IPv6 capable and/or IPv4 capable but the servers
won't know that or have any way of knowing that.

Danny


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sun Jun 14 20:32:20 2009
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References: <d791b8790906092014w22e2dc06j58f8195d5ced1348@mail.gmail.com> <200906100347.n5A3lUXh013734@drugs.dv.isc.org> <d791b8790906092100r19498edai4eefbbd9f2ccaee1@mail.gmail.com> <20090610095550.GC15847@vacation.karoshi.com.> <18991.43011.153595.454259@guava.gson.org> <e90946380906100957w6b39a9fah80ff178b22780d17@mail.gmail.com> <d791b8790906101020j6aadc6b1n7c289c6c7057b151@mail.gmail.com> <4A35BDE2.3080507@gis.net>
Date: Sun, 14 Jun 2009 20:27:20 -0700
Message-ID: <d791b8790906142027q2bb68d64uaf08392852fb9cd6@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: mayer@gis.net
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Sun, Jun 14, 2009 at 8:20 PM, Danny Mayer<mayer@gis.net> wrote:
> There is a really bad assumption here: that the resolvers are the
> consumers of the resulting A and AAAA records.

For delegation glue records, the resolver is the consumer.

> The real consumer is the
> application initiating the request of the resolver for an address.

When you type "http://www.google.com" into your web browser, your web
browser does not care at all what address records the root server gave
for a.gtld-servers.net to the resolver; only the resolver cares.

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Cc: mayer@gis.net,  namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
References: <d791b8790906092014w22e2dc06j58f8195d5ced1348@mail.gmail.com> <200906100347.n5A3lUXh013734@drugs.dv.isc.org> <d791b8790906092100r19498edai4eefbbd9f2ccaee1@mail.gmail.com> <20090610095550.GC15847@vacation.karoshi.com.> <18991.43011.153595.454259@guava.gson.org> <e90946380906100957w6b39a9fah80ff178b22780d17@mail.gmail.com> <d791b8790906101020j6aadc6b1n7c289c6c7057b151@mail.gmail.com> <4A35BDE2.3080507@gis.net> <d791b8790906142027q2bb68d64uaf08392852fb9cd6@mail.gmail.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2009 07:30:06 +0200
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* Matthew Dempsky:

> On Sun, Jun 14, 2009 at 8:20 PM, Danny Mayer<mayer@gis.net> wrote:
>> There is a really bad assumption here: that the resolvers are the
>> consumers of the resulting A and AAAA records.
>
> For delegation glue records, the resolver is the consumer.

And those records should never be promoted to an answer section.

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
References: <d791b8790906092014w22e2dc06j58f8195d5ced1348@mail.gmail.com>	 <d791b8790906101127i34d1b298u5a4fa24c84d9b12b@mail.gmail.com>	 <7532B5B4-2F5C-4CB4-82E4-4781FEEA808A@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>	 <d791b8790906101131t6f84a023maa5934328dc087e8@mail.gmail.com>	 <E4B14FE9-BDB8-4A49-975D-14757496422C@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>	 <d791b8790906101153h542f9aedlc410e190b4dfe07@mail.gmail.com>	 <75CCCDF9-47BE-4285-8A88-1B9EEF443EB1@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>	 <d791b8790906101221k13a4d187s626882043591fbba@mail.gmail.com>	 <e90946380906101234o378bc9cbn52bc50530383676d@mail.gmail.com>	 <d791b8790906101242m57290055ybeef25dd5e581912@mail.gmail.com> <d791b8790906101300g7c76533bx23563da75253886e@mail.gmail.com>
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On 6/10/09 1:00 PM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:
>> Just a short I-D that states DNS servers SHOULD include A record glue
>> data in preference to AAAA record glue data when doing additional
>> section processing for NS records in response to a query sent over
>> IPv4 without an EDNS0 OPT record?
> 
> Also, before I go to this effort, is there anyone on this mailing list
> that actually supports such an I-D?  So far, the responses seem to be
> very emotionally against.

As someone with more of an operational background, I do not care to have 
the protocol (or even the operation of the root nameservers) changed to 
make life slightly better for one implementation, when there are 
multiple independent implementations that don't seem to have a problem 
with A and AAAA glue.  The caching resolvers I operate are all 
dual-stack, so I'd rather not put an additional layer of complexity in 
the protocol or in the operation of the roots, and making the answers 
dependent on the transport protocol adds complexity.

I think your fix is worse than the problem.

I wouldn't support such an I-D, but I am not really the one to ask--I am 
more of an ops person and this is my first post to this list, after 
years of lurking.

michael

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun 15 02:59:39 2009
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To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
CC: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>, namedroppers@psg.com
Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
References: <200906141835.n5EIZ0dD020925@stora.ogud.com> <87iqiy5ywv.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <200906150119.n5F1JE6b095216@stora.ogud.com>
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Hi Olafur,

Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:
> At 16:43 14/06/2009, Florian Weimer wrote:
>> * Olafur Gudmundsson:
>>
>> > To follow up on the discussion from the last two weeks here is a
>> > draft to explicitly outlaw setting of DO bit of with buff size < 1220.

The draft is overcomplicated as it stands now.  I propose this:

   All DNSSEC compliant severs MAY treat ENDS0 queries with DO bit set
   and the buffer size set to less 1220, as error in the query and
   return FORMERR.

This is so close to the current spec, the draft is not really necessary
and it can go into dnssec-bis-updates as a clarification.  (If this
draft becomes standard it'll get implemented for unbound of course).

It is also much simpler.  The if-statement 'truncation would be caused'
complicates way too much, for no real benefit.  Also a FORMERR causes
the server to be cached as EDNS0-noncompliant in those resolvers.  And
the resolver can try again later without EDNS0, or have some internal
logic to handle non-EDNS0 servers.

(for example, if only one server in the NS set has the problem, it gets
blacklisted as not DNSSEC aware, and failover to other servers happens,
I think both BIND and unbound have such logic.  For example the path to
one .org server caps at 512, but other paths do not, then this can cause
bind to get smart and avoid the 'edns0-noncompliant' .org server).

Also I have a question about the security considerations, which states
that some implementation is vulnerable to a downgrade, and will go to
insecure if signatures are removed.  So, this is a broken
implementation, I do not think it merits a security consideration.  Or
state more strongly that this thing is badly broken.  This security
consideration must not give the impression that such broken behaviour is
to be condoned, or should be catered for in the protocol specs.

What I would have expected to see in the security considerations is that
for both the method in the draft and the FORMERR return, the zone can go
completely bogus for resolvers that tried to do EDNS@512 and DNSSEC
validation. (say .org anchor loaded into BIND using EDNS0@512).  The
idea is that such software has to be updated to work.

(or possibly such a resolver may have a secondary path to another
nameserver that does not have the 512-limit imposed, and falls back to
that, then DNSSEC validation works (and better than before) ).

Best regards,
   Wouter
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun 15 03:40:04 2009
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From: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Cc: namedroppers@psg.com
Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
References: <200906141835.n5EIZ0dD020925@stora.ogud.com> <87iqiy5ywv.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <200906150119.n5F1JE6b095216@stora.ogud.com>
Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2009 12:34:13 +0200
In-Reply-To: <200906150119.n5F1JE6b095216@stora.ogud.com> (Olafur Gudmundsson's message of "Sun, 14 Jun 2009 21:18:55 -0400")
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* Olafur Gudmundsson:

> At 16:43 14/06/2009, Florian Weimer wrote:
>>* Olafur Gudmundsson:
>>
>> > To follow up on the discussion from the last two weeks here is a
>> > draft to explicitly outlaw setting of DO bit of with buff size < 1220.
>>
>>I think the assumption in section 3 is wrong.  At least two resolver
>>implementations haven't got a DO/non-DO cache separation and can't
>>provide DNSSEC data to a client if it was not originally put into the
>>cache.  From what I've heard, this is difficult to change.
>
> This is exactly the reason why the draft specifies that the DO bit
> be cleared in response when the server does not fit the DNSSEC answer
> into the <1220 buffer advertised.

The DO bit is not signed (even if you don't strip signatures), so such
a reply has to more or less disregarded if you expect a secure answer.

>>The proposed change is risky for popular zones because BIND will
>>requery immediately (at a rate of 1/RTT) when the response lacks
>>DNSSEC records expected as the result of local configuration or a
>>secure delegation.
>
> Bind is the biggest offender of setting DO =1 && buff_size < 1220.

Sure.  I'll try to change our distribution if necessary, but I fear
that this dispute will turn into something close to a shouting match
between BIND resolvers and authoritative servers which implement the
old (and new) behavior.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun 15 04:22:01 2009
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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: namedroppers@psg.com
Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 15 Jun 2009 11:52:58 +0200." <4A3619FA.5090404@nlnetlabs.nl> 
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> Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2009 11:52:58 +0200
> From: "W.C.A. Wijngaards" <wouter@NLnetLabs.nl>
> ...
> The draft is overcomplicated as it stands now.  I propose this:
> 
>    All DNSSEC compliant severs MAY treat ENDS0 queries with DO bit set
>    and the buffer size set to less 1220, as error in the query and
>    return FORMERR.
> 
> This is so close to the current spec, the draft is not really necessary
> and it can go into dnssec-bis-updates as a clarification.  (If this
> draft becomes standard it'll get implemented for unbound of course).

i think ignoring the DO bit is better.  it's not a format error and we
would not want the initiator to treat this as an EDNS downgrade.  there
are other benefits to EDNS beyond just helping to carry DNSSEC metadata.

> It is also much simpler.  The if-statement 'truncation would be caused'
> complicates way too much, for no real benefit.  Also a FORMERR causes
> the server to be cached as EDNS0-noncompliant in those resolvers.  And
> the resolver can try again later without EDNS0, or have some internal
> logic to handle non-EDNS0 servers.

it's taken ten years to get EDNS this far.  i think we should not burden
its very slow deployment curve with a DO-related setback.

DO does not mean "DNSSEC is desired" so much as "DNSSEC is understood".
it would not stretch the meaning of "understood" at all for a target to
say, i see your DO bit but i also see your small buffer size, so i am
rejecting your claim that you understand DNSSEC, and thus ignoring DO.

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Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2009 07:34:08 -0400
From: Danny Mayer <mayer@gis.net>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
References: <d791b8790906092014w22e2dc06j58f8195d5ced1348@mail.gmail.com>	 <200906100347.n5A3lUXh013734@drugs.dv.isc.org>	 <d791b8790906092100r19498edai4eefbbd9f2ccaee1@mail.gmail.com>	 <20090610095550.GC15847@vacation.karoshi.com.>	 <18991.43011.153595.454259@guava.gson.org>	 <e90946380906100957w6b39a9fah80ff178b22780d17@mail.gmail.com>	 <d791b8790906101020j6aadc6b1n7c289c6c7057b151@mail.gmail.com>	 <4A35BDE2.3080507@gis.net> <d791b8790906142027q2bb68d64uaf08392852fb9cd6@mail.gmail.com>
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Matthew Dempsky wrote:
> On Sun, Jun 14, 2009 at 8:20 PM, Danny Mayer<mayer@gis.net> wrote:
>> There is a really bad assumption here: that the resolvers are the
>> consumers of the resulting A and AAAA records.
> 
> For delegation glue records, the resolver is the consumer.
> 
>> The real consumer is the
>> application initiating the request of the resolver for an address.
> 
> When you type "http://www.google.com" into your web browser, your web
> browser does not care at all what address records the root server gave
> for a.gtld-servers.net to the resolver; only the resolver cares.

If I understand this correctly, you want the name servers to behave
differently at the root from the rest of the servers. What operator is
going to want to have a customized server just for the root?

Danny


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Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2009 04:39:48 -0700
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: mayer@gis.net
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Mon, Jun 15, 2009 at 4:34 AM, Danny Mayer<mayer@gis.net> wrote:
> If I understand this correctly, you want the name servers to behave
> differently at the root from the rest of the servers. What operator is
> going to want to have a customized server just for the root?

No, 8 of the 13 root servers already behave the way I suggest, and the
other 5 are using the same software as some of those 8 (according to
fpdns), so there's no custom software involved.

Also, I've never suggested that this is something that should only
apply to the root servers, it's just the only concrete example I have.

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Hash: SHA1

Nicholas Weaver wrote:

> (This is one of the things we test for in netalyzr, BTW).  Its
> unfortunatly very common.

Do you have any data showing that a 1220-byte packet might make it,
where a 4096 one will not?

- --Michael

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From: Doug Otis <doug.mtview@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: SCTP (Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers )
Date: Wed, 10 Jun 2009 14:39:09 -0700
References: <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.>  <31786.1244517105@nsa.vix.com> <3efd34cc0906090047w735ee179r991a8a9e05cf1133@mail.gmail.com>  <60184.1244560661@nsa.vix.com> <20090609160854.GC25651@shinkuro.com>  <D569151A-D557-4A67-B139-36A8853193DF@mail-abuse.org> <20090609182801.GB32546@shinkuro.com>  <3efd34cc0906091215t419a6bc3k369067783fdc6266@mail.gmail.com>  <d791b8790906091323n2de3c135s28ae0d72e7f02164@mail.gmail.com>  <80879.1244590583@nsa.vix.com> <3efd34cc0906101142s5eca0d7fx79bbd6fad51c769f@mail.gmail.com>
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On Jun 10, 2009, at 11:42 AM, bert hubert wrote:

> For it to be useful, we'd need to use it for all our traffic.

Persistence of an association can be dictated by availability of  
resources and frequency of use.

> Between a single auth server and a single cache, <1 QPS will  
> probably be quite common. This brings into perspective packet counts  
> that are at least twice as high as UDP, and more likely five times  
> as high (when taking into account the setup and teardown).

UDP does not permit any easy mitigation of brute force or spoofed  
source attacks where packets are larger or fragmented due to EDNS.   
Any practical defense leaves TCP or SCTP.

> Underneath the hood, the kernel is dealing with the exact same  
> challenge as select() or poll() however. So you just moved the  
> problem. In addition, it appears that except for only using a single  
> fd, there is nothing 'lightweight' about an SCTP association.

Unlike TCP, resources are not committed prior to confirmation of the  
source IP addresses needed to mitigate flood attacks.  There is  
nothing lightweight about the alternative.  In addition, buffer  
management is made simpler by specific acknowledgements and out of  
order delivery, rather than buffering to a fully acknowledge byte  
position within a common stream.  Buffer management is also simplified  
by transport header alignment with DNS messages that enables UDP like  
immediate placement upon receipt, despite pending prior packet loss.

> I measure around 8 kilobytes per association. This would mean your  
> millions of associations mentioned above require tens of gigabytes  
> of ram on a commonly used operating system.

This resource can allocated between trusted and high traffic servers.   
Low traffic sources might be required to establish associations.

> SCTP is not remotely like UDP.

Independent acknowledgement and out of order handling of SCTP chucks  
(DNS messages) is much closer to UDP behaviors than TCP would be.

> The two bytes won't save us however.

AUTH-SCTP can introduce a 32 byte nounce.  However, DNSSEC does not  
depend upon transactional ids once all cache information is being  
confirmed.

> So please color me unconvinced. SCTP has its merits, but it is not  
> light weight, and uses a lot of packets compared to UDP or even TCP.

SCTP offers defensive strategies not practical with TCP.  UDP creates  
different risks that grow with EDNS/DNSSEC.

The comparative overhead should include additional servers needed to  
endure attack.  Once that consideration is included, a moderate  
increase in packet volume during ideal conditions becomes much less  
pronounced as a concern.

-Doug

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To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Cc: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>, bert hubert <bert.hubert@gmail.com>, Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>, Douglas Otis <dotis@mail-abuse.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: SCTP (Re: [dnsext] Re: TCP queries to the root servers )
References: <20090608111014.GA31833@vacation.karoshi.com.> <6923.1244480480@nsa.vix.com> <FA6F6897-2B0E-4CC0-8D5F-67431A699FEF@virtualized.org> <31786.1244517105@nsa.vix.com> <3efd34cc0906090047w735ee179r991a8a9e05cf1133@mail.gmail.com> <60184.1244560661@nsa.vix.com> <20090609160854.GC25651@shinkuro.com> <D569151A-D557-4A67-B139-36A8853193DF@mail-abuse.org> <20090609182801.GB32546@shinkuro.com> <3efd34cc0906091215t419a6bc3k369067783fdc6266@mail.gmail.com> <d791b8790906091323n2de3c135s28ae0d72e7f02164@mail.gmail.com> <80879.1244590583@nsa.vix.com>
Date: Thu, 11 Jun 2009 10:13:00 +0200
In-Reply-To: <80879.1244590583@nsa.vix.com> (Paul Vixie's message of "Tue, 09 Jun 2009 23:36:23 +0000")
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* Paul Vixie:

> it takes two packets to carry a request and a response, and if they are
> the last request and response in the queue then each of these will be
> followed by an ACK packet.  so, a slow 1TPS flow would take four packets
> per transaction, whereas a faster flow would take two packets per
> transaction.  the extra ACK-only packets don't delay the DNS result, but
> they do appear on the wire.

If you use SCTP's retransmit feature, you need in-kernel data buffers
or delays in user space.  A new PR-SCTP service might work around this
problem, but it seems to me that some protocol work is required.

> by lightweight i mean that a root or TLD or 2LD/3LD server could have many
> hundredthousands or even millions of associations open, all on a single
> socket and therefore a single file descriptor, so it's not a burden on
> the DNS server's system call interface (think of a select() mask here, or
> a poll() filedes array.)

If you keep that many idle associations open, your servers will be
busy processing all the associated heartbeat messages.

The one-to-many style interface also needs in-kernel buffers, and it
will be somewhat difficult to control the amount of resources used by
busy resolver.  Furthermore, it is explicitly left open in the sockets
API draft whether one receiver behind a one-to-many socket can block
communications to other receivers (see section 4.4 in
draft-ietf-tsvwg-sctpsocket-19).

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
cc: mayer@gis.net, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Mon, 15 Jun 2009 04:39:48 MST." <d791b8790906150439m638d4216i257bb2e1b7798df9@mail.gmail.com> 
References: <d791b8790906092014w22e2dc06j58f8195d5ced1348@mail.gmail.com> <200906100347.n5A3lUXh013734@drugs.dv.isc.org> <d791b8790906092100r19498edai4eefbbd9f2ccaee1@mail.gmail.com> <20090610095550.GC15847@vacation.karoshi.com.> <18991.43011.153595.454259@guava.gson.org> <e90946380906100957w6b39a9fah80ff178b22780d17@mail.gmail.com> <d791b8790906101020j6aadc6b1n7c289c6c7057b151@mail.gmail.com> <4A35BDE2.3080507@gis.net> <d791b8790906142027q2bb68d64uaf08392852fb9cd6@mail.gmail.com> <4A3631B0.9000706@gis.net>  <d791b8790906150439m638d4216i257bb2e1b7798df9@mail.gmail.com> 
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we've had this debate before.  the way it ends is, if your ability
to reach a nameserver depends on the order of RRs in the additional
data section, then you are doomed, and no ordering policy can save
you.  hopefully someone will distill the debate from their archives.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun 15 05:48:58 2009
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To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Preferring IPv4 glue over IPv6 glue for IPv4 clients
References: <d791b8790906092014w22e2dc06j58f8195d5ced1348@mail.gmail.com> <200906100347.n5A3lUXh013734@drugs.dv.isc.org> <d791b8790906092100r19498edai4eefbbd9f2ccaee1@mail.gmail.com> <20090610095550.GC15847@vacation.karoshi.com.> <18991.43011.153595.454259@guava.gson.org> <e90946380906100957w6b39a9fah80ff178b22780d17@mail.gmail.com> <d791b8790906101020j6aadc6b1n7c289c6c7057b151@mail.gmail.com> <4A35BDE2.3080507@gis.net> <d791b8790906142027q2bb68d64uaf08392852fb9cd6@mail.gmail.com> <4A3631B0.9000706@gis.net>  <d791b8790906150439m638d4216i257bb2e1b7798df9@mail.gmail.com> <94261.1245068910@nsa.vix.com>
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Paul Vixie wrote:
> we've had this debate before.  the way it ends is, if your ability
> to reach a nameserver depends on the order of RRs in the additional
> data section, then you are doomed, and no ordering policy can save
> you.  hopefully someone will distill the debate from their archives.

+1

Best regards,
   Wouter
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From lopezlopez.yolanda@amschool.edu.sv  Mon Jun 15 07:45:59 2009
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun 15 08:40:05 2009
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To: Michael Graff <mgraff@isc.org>
Cc: George Barwood <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>, namedroppers@psg.com, Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
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> Do you have any data showing that a 1220-byte packet might make it,
> where a 4096 one will not?

I have plenty, albeit in the context of SOHO CPE.

Lots of DNS proxies in routers will handle ~1464 bytes of payload (i.e. 
one PPPoE frame) but no larger.

Ray

-- 
Ray Bellis, MA(Oxon) MIET
Senior Researcher in Advanced Projects, Nominet
e: ray@nominet.org.uk, t: +44 1865 332211
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<tt><font size=2><br>
&gt; Do you have any data showing that a 1220-byte packet might make it,<br>
&gt; where a 4096 one will not?<br>
</font></tt>
<br><tt><font size=2>I have plenty, albeit in the context of SOHO CPE.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>Lots of DNS proxies in routers will handle ~1464 bytes
of payload (i.e. one PPPoE frame) but no larger.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>Ray</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>-- <br>
Ray Bellis, MA(Oxon) MIET<br>
Senior Researcher in Advanced Projects, Nominet<br>
e: ray@nominet.org.uk, t: +44 1865 332211</font></tt>
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From mordredg1@nsst.sch.ge.com  Mon Jun 15 11:22:15 2009
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<p align=right>Hortenci Lake, Texas</p><br><br><br>

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit 
Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2009 16:07:55 -0400
References: <200906141835.n5EIZ0dD020925@stora.ogud.com> <87iqiy5ywv.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <200906150119.n5F1JE6b095216@stora.ogud.com>  <4A3619FA.5090404@nlnetlabs.nl>  <91434.1245064623@nsa.vix.com>
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On 15-Jun-2009, at 07:17, Paul Vixie wrote:

> DO does not mean "DNSSEC is desired" so much as "DNSSEC is  
> understood".
> it would not stretch the meaning of "understood" at all for a target  
> to
> say, i see your DO bit but i also see your small buffer size, so i am
> rejecting your claim that you understand DNSSEC, and thus ignoring DO.

I think it would be great if this observation could find a home in  
Olafur's draft, somewhere. I find the text above concise and easy to  
understand, and I think it would make the choice of "ignore DO" vs.  
FORMERR (or something else) much easier to understand.


Joe

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun 15 14:21:12 2009
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Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2009 23:11:57 +0200
From: Peter Koch <pk@DENIC.DE>
To: IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
Message-ID: <20090615211157.GD9397@x27.adm.denic.de>
References: <200906141835.n5EIZ0dD020925@stora.ogud.com> <87iqiy5ywv.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <200906150119.n5F1JE6b095216@stora.ogud.com> <4A3619FA.5090404@nlnetlabs.nl>
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On Mon, Jun 15, 2009 at 11:52:58AM +0200, W.C.A. Wijngaards wrote:

> >> > To follow up on the discussion from the last two weeks here is a
> >> > draft to explicitly outlaw setting of DO bit of with buff size < 1220.
> 
> The draft is overcomplicated as it stands now.  I propose this:

that was my reaction, too.  I believe the draft doesn't state anything
dramatically new, just reinforces a statement made in RFC 3226 and later
in RFC 4035, Section 3.

>    All DNSSEC compliant severs MAY treat ENDS0 queries with DO bit set
>    and the buffer size set to less 1220, as error in the query and
>    return FORMERR.

As a protocol purist, I'd support this, but as an operator I'd rather avoid
such a draconian reaction.  Ignoring the DO bit should be less problematic.
Also, it is in the spirit of "be conservative in what you send" (and
note that "liberal in what you accept" therefore doesn't include obeying
DO at <1220 octets).

> This is so close to the current spec, the draft is not really necessary
> and it can go into dnssec-bis-updates as a clarification.  (If this
> draft becomes standard it'll get implemented for unbound of course).

Seconded, either way the dnssec-bis-updates document is the right place
to make this statement.  It's hard to unilaterally standardize the
reaction to a non-compliant query, anyway.

> It is also much simpler.  The if-statement 'truncation would be caused'
> complicates way too much, for no real benefit.  Also a FORMERR causes

Agreed. It would also lead to unnecessary protocal lawyering since
the client, albeit in violation of the spec, could argue that the
server would be obliged to engage in that extra calculation if it was
to ignore DO=1 only after it found that the response would have TC=1.
Thenew text should encourage the authoritative server to defend itself
against non compliant clients, rather than to restrict this ability.

-Peter

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On Mon, Jun 15, 2009 at 11:52:58AM +0200, W.C.A. Wijngaards wrote:
> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> Hash: SHA1
> 
> Hi Olafur,
> 
> Olafur Gudmundsson wrote:
> > At 16:43 14/06/2009, Florian Weimer wrote:
> >> * Olafur Gudmundsson:
> >>
> >> > To follow up on the discussion from the last two weeks here is a
> >> > draft to explicitly outlaw setting of DO bit of with buff size < 1220.
> 
> The draft is overcomplicated as it stands now.  I propose this:
> 
>    All DNSSEC compliant severs MAY treat ENDS0 queries with DO bit set
>    and the buffer size set to less 1220, as error in the query and
>    return FORMERR.
> 
> This is so close to the current spec, the draft is not really necessary
> and it can go into dnssec-bis-updates as a clarification.  (If this
> draft becomes standard it'll get implemented for unbound of course).
> 

	as long as we are plus-oneing  -  i like this 
	wording and the results.

--bill (DNSSEC - expect collateral damage)

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun 15 17:30:30 2009
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To: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk
Cc: Michael Graff <mgraff@isc.org>, George Barwood <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>, namedroppers@psg.com, Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Mon, 15 Jun 2009 16:33:00 +0100." <OF464B12C3.C3DBCE01-ON802575D6.00554592-802575D6.00556B83@nominet.org.uk> 
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In message <OF464B12C3.C3DBCE01-ON802575D6.00554592-802575D6.00556B83@nominet.o
rg.uk>, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk writes:
> > Do you have any data showing that a 1220-byte packet might make it,
> > where a 4096 one will not?
> 
> I have plenty, albeit in the context of SOHO CPE.
> 
> Lots of DNS proxies in routers will handle ~1464 bytes of payload (i.e. 
> one PPPoE frame) but no larger.
> 
> Ray

	Which would be a issue between the stub server and the
	ultimate recursive server.  It normally doesn't affect
	traffic to and from iterative servers behind the SOHO CPE
	because they don't go through the proxy code.

	For end user zones 512 is often quite reasonable.  It really
	is only the root that has a problem because it returns lots
	of NXDOMAIN responses which are large with DNSSEC.  Iterative
	resolvers talk to the root.  Stub resolvers don't normally.

	The response below has lots more that could be thrown away
	if needed.

; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1 <<>> +dnssec +bufsize=512 www.isc.org
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 27551
;; flags: qr rd ra ad; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 5, ADDITIONAL: 3

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags: do; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;www.isc.org.			IN	A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
www.isc.org.		589	IN	A	149.20.64.42
www.isc.org.		589	IN	RRSIG	A 5 3 600 20090715025015 20090615025015 27624 isc.org. l7d+erEfXgcixSMvMNj6+/TmP7VqojAcgojPpb4pNtnBMgr7++I559rK k/fwBSMXHjkE8kUfgW8vCOLxdaFRsysd/6znbItLiBFVtBqiy0vpMtA7 JIg62JZP2oDHLP5+qRK5gVqMdOcd+9KmMC9UQh9Gk4lck5Tnuwtktpsm e2M=

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
isc.org.		4275	IN	NS	sfba.sns-pb.isc.org.
isc.org.		4275	IN	NS	ams.sns-pb.isc.org.
isc.org.		4275	IN	NS	ns-ext.nrt1.isc.org.
isc.org.		4275	IN	NS	ord.sns-pb.isc.org.
isc.org.		4275	IN	RRSIG	NS 5 2 43200 20090715025015 20090615025015 27624 isc.org. RIvdvpRZXH6qVSII4KAOCPsWzQobJAehL+HqXDb75IEc5NyQ62d1yoTv IwQ0XS6apM9DSQimu2W7aoQV2rWco/q/Sb9RJ265sHBxmG5XAwDiXyDy c6R1R1jYp7EEgiju6nSBIem6cHqleG4qYAbgDD6V5vx2DLwlxXoY+f1P +ac=

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ams.sns-pb.isc.org.	4275	IN	A	199.6.1.30
ord.sns-pb.isc.org.	4275	IN	A	199.6.0.30

;; Query time: 3 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
;; WHEN: Tue Jun 16 10:13:00 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 510

	Mark
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun 15 18:06:23 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit 
Date: Mon, 15 Jun 2009 17:59:58 -0700
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On Jun 15, 2009, at 5:25 PM, Mark Andrews wrote:

>
> In message <OF464B12C3.C3DBCE01-ON802575D6.00554592-802575D6.00556B83@nominet.o
> rg.uk>, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk writes:
>>> Do you have any data showing that a 1220-byte packet might make it,
>>> where a 4096 one will not?
>>
>> I have plenty, albeit in the context of SOHO CPE.
>>
>> Lots of DNS proxies in routers will handle ~1464 bytes of payload  
>> (i.e.
>> one PPPoE frame) but no larger.
>>
>> Ray
>
> 	Which would be a issue between the stub server and the
> 	ultimate recursive server.  It normally doesn't affect
> 	traffic to and from iterative servers behind the SOHO CPE
> 	because they don't go through the proxy code.

Similar issues however crop up between the recursive server and the  
rest of the net, due to firewall issues, where the firewall code for  
handling DNS does not do proper reassembly.

dig edns_large.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu

on a nameserver which supports EDNS (or even if it doesn't).  It  
returns enough random CNAME junk that it will require fragmentation on  
an ethernet network.   Its suprising how many recursive resolvers will  
fail to resolve that name.


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From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Patrik_F=E4ltstr=F6m?= <paf@cisco.com>
To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
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On 16 jun 2009, at 00.47, George Barwood wrote:

> EDNS responses larger than ~1500 bytes currently suffer from 2  
> problems due to IP fragmentation :
> (1) They may fail to arrive due to IP implementation or equipment  
> configuration issues.

I must say that implementing application layer "features" to solve a  
problem when IP layer is not behaving properly (can not handle  
fragmentation) is a layering violation in the architecture. If we do  
have problems with fragmented packets not being reassembled, then I  
think we have other problems as well in our networks.

    Patrik

> (2) They are vulnerable to spoofing.
>
> (1) means that practical resolvers are likely to be forced to  
> implement a means of disabling
> DNSSEC, which is a security issue. There is also the issue of  
> amplification attacks.
>
> It seems that large responses are definitely needed, typically for  
> fetching the dnskey rrset, for example
>  dig dnskey se @a.ns.se +dnssec
> currently has a response size of 3958 bytes.
>
> I therefore propose an EDNS Page option that allows large responses  
> to be sent in smaller IP packets.
>
> Requirements:
> (a) Should allow client to re-request specific packets that are lost.
> (b) Should allow server to limit size of response to a single query  
> ( to limit amplification attacks ).
> (c) Should be stateless.
>
> General idea:
> The response is divided into pages of equal size. Pages are numbered  
> 0,1,2,3....  The client request has a Page option to
> indicate support. If the response would otherwise be truncated  
> (including truncation of the additional section), the server
> responds with a copy of the question and a single OPT record  
> containing a Page option, and possibly other options ( e.g. Ping ).
>
> Client request option data:
> Page size (16 bits).  Page number (16 bits - zero for initial  
> request).
>
> Server response option data:
> Page size (16 bits). Page number (16 bits). Total response size (16  
> bits). Version number (32 bits). Page Data (variable length).
>
> Description:
> The page size is negotiated. The client initially indicates a  
> maximum page size (typically 1400 bytes, no less than 200 bytes).
> The server responds with either the requested page size, or a  
> smaller page size (no less than 200 bytes), and the data for the first
> page. The client then allocates a buffer for the whole response, and  
> sends a seperate request for each subsequent page, using the
> negotiated page size. The client will need to keep track of  
> outstanding requests, and repeat any requests that receive no response
> after a timeout period. The Version number sent by the server may  
> either be the Zone version (as in the SOA record),  or a number
> more specific to the query. If the response Version number or Page  
> size changes on subsequent pages, the client restarts the whole
> process, in order to obtain a consistent set of pages. When the  
> assembly process is complete, the client processes the complete
> assembled response in the normal way.
>
> If there is any indication of support, I am willing to submit this  
> as an ID.
>
> George Barwood
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org  
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun 15 19:38:08 2009
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To: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
Cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk, Michael Graff <mgraff@isc.org>, George Barwood <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>, namedroppers@psg.com, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Mon, 15 Jun 2009 17:59:58 MST." <1F3AD245-CBFB-425F-AC4F-2C0CE5D5B5E9@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU> 
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 12:31:58 +1000
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	I worry about this because you get validators sitting behind
	all sorts of crappy boxes which are *not* under the control
	of the validator owner and we are telling the validator
	owner that's tough @#$$!@# you can't validate despite there
	being a path which can allow the answers through.

	Also is there any demonstratable damage being caused by
	having the TCP queries?  As far as I can see only sites
	behind the mis-configured firewalls will be impacted if
	TCP connections fail which is self correcting.  

	Mark
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Mon, 15 Jun 2009 23:47:22 +0100." <DC49CF133C054F64BAAFFCB4C97D662E@localhost> 
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In message <DC49CF133C054F64BAAFFCB4C97D662E@localhost>, "George Barwood" write
s:
> EDNS responses larger than ~1500 bytes currently suffer from 2
> problems due to IP fragmentation : (1) They may fail to arrive due
> to IP implementation or equipment configuration issues.  (2) They
> are vulnerable to spoofing.
> 
> (1) means that practical resolvers are likely to be forced to
> implement a means of disabling DNSSEC, which is a security issue.
> There is also the issue of amplification attacks.
> 
> It seems that large responses are definitely needed, typically for
> fetching the dnskey rrset, for example
>   dig dnskey se @a.ns.se +dnssec
> currently has a response size of 3958 bytes.

	Which is easily reduced to 1769 bytes and could be reduced
	further with different key management / signing policies. 
	e.g. I don't see the need to 3 ZSKs.

; <<>> DiG 9.6.1 <<>> dnskey se +dnssec
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 16083
;; flags: qr rd ra ad; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 8, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags: do; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;se.				IN	DNSKEY

;; ANSWER SECTION:
se.			3110	IN	DNSKEY	256 3 5 AwEAAcZN0OVaokJAtEiVGan/g3J3gOeYx7BCLTX1RuaWPHmPKROR7nfU a2Hc7Glpdtofk/uk5Aeiq9BKAAavke7Abr35cPXxOIdxdX65K4se1Iqe YpX+oW66xsn87WV89t1yPS67/nqFP5tcHnRnqA3lXGDlcfkjEsMQwY/M flQSVIkl
se.			3110	IN	DNSKEY	256 3 5 AwEAAc9B2MqxtXW/bQUYBV5zHf1z8e8MRSVWleDlQ3XZaOMlki4g4qdX hJ2rHN69ZzmvMj2DjTvLd8lMTN54NiHntofBIg0ZJ9pi0pcDemeeVQ7B h7T1OYzaM2rnId7xfSaoXBdX+6tMhkB/3CXM/cgqgar33emkhzdPUDdS 8FYNBGuL
se.			3110	IN	DNSKEY	257 3 5 AwEAAdKc1sGsbv5jjeJ141IxNSTdR+nbtFn+JKQpvFZETaY5iMutoyWH a+jCp0TBBAzB2trGHzdi7E55FFzbeG0r+G6SJbJ4DXYSpiiELPiu0i+j Pp3C3kNwiqpPpQHWaYDS9MTQMu/QZHR/sFPbUnsK30fuQbKKkKgnADms 0aXalYUuCgDyVMjdxRLz5yzLoaSO9m5ii5cI0dQNCjexvj9M4ec6woi6 +N8v1pOmQAQ9at5Fd8A6tAxZI8tdlEUnXYgNwb8eVZEWsgXtBhoyAru7 Tzw+F6ToYq6hmKhfsT+fIhFXsYso7L4nYUqTnM4VOZgNhcTv+qVQkHfO OeJKUkNB8Qc=
se.			3110	IN	DNSKEY	257 3 5 AwEAAeeGE5unuosN3c8tBcj1/q4TQEwzfNY0GK6kxMVZ1wcTkypSExLC BPMS0wWkrA1n7t5hcM86VD94L8oEd9jnHdjxreguOZYEBWkckajU0tBW wEPMoEwepknpB14la1wy3xR95PMt9zWceiqaYOLEujFAqe6F3tQ14lP6 FdFL9wyCflV06K1ww+gQxYRDo6h+Wejguvpeg33KRzFtlwvbF3AapH2G XCi4Ok2+PO2ckzfKoikIe9ZOXfrCbG9ml2iQrRNSM4q3zGhuly4NrF/t 9s9jakbWzd4PM1Q551XIEphRGyqcbA2JTU3/mcUVKfgrH7nxaPz5DoUB 7TKYyQgsTlc=
se.			3110	IN	DNSKEY	256 3 5 AwEAAa03g6eUym7QeFGEt0wx88nUcQmqnRRoUos95ICScmAgXimeiIhA pAOTWUrrybMyCOVgeFH8oovLoR8UR3YmScloECOU/EZQ4gLXGtL74HlO X8hw0HhlkOXNfSlxWZBTOOQn2Rf9yS3xWZ+ciLTqgj9SFxKr4n0AT6sy rWYFt4jJ
se.			3110	IN	RRSIG	DNSKEY 5 1 3600 20090620150322 20090613161805 19200 se. UhSsGzYoKJK+8slaT9Dml89T5wi5t0gpVJzumrbzEep1lmEt4zl18g2V Mqez0r7wUenNzyAh9H14fC+mCEDPT6sxJ98BE9fukDgsYr6XrQUJCUrR 7Ep4QwqGMlEyLo/YXew6mmckJ9PzCTMv/IAFg+S5zjYlXyzKZxljLNBl SSA=
se.			3110	IN	RRSIG	DNSKEY 5 1 3600 20090714000000 20090603082815 8779 se. I27BwrRsb8C35yXXk/flZGWdPTiVP5ROxoW2oQI/refXunge+hfrdsd+ y/1CyyaUxYgCDvCXGh684I9QZyczUET1gSAfuPxwR+6v1PzxNarNz25z YKfc+erRiSQMNb5flaFSdytpotnLaWfKkYfvTxgt+HSLfrsi2RmMhyDT 4PdqCrcHvYgIrYyUBfKkrQvE1WGBlhLHu3mgWUwEEaJC2n7W5IF7bk4Z c0JIV3F4/1f0fE4zbS/gW35Bf+cLQTH/jQgfhR7QI1Z+FlpC60PHEUBf 9jKovhOUxa5pV9xdLDbB8r28LFlbr2XW0oxc4ohHuhRI7npKEFH/oFvQ U+f29A==
se.			3110	IN	RRSIG	DNSKEY 5 1 3600 20090714000000 20090603082815 49678 se. WdATLxWZ7rBa13It4lH/v6vlL2UrdoMStxg4TC4x8e+otRQRBaaAHsmI DWh1cei9m2pAesgCqxYvsKmNvXw7WifBOamr8IV/82jJC593BAwVAQkD T05FhnfQ+i1LQZFUAz5s15dC7fee133qym0mjWNPEJStqE35cToCnl/R 2mGp8+juXcqE4Wm3DtYxqDIDaUqFmfXqvhL6w4nWw3tuBL8oC5kIjZ9k 4/ztzGjs27HwHofFAbJ4t6rglDaz0rpc+bcCWe1gvXExJ1rUWQBCxdYX FC3qfgWAw1ZRyIgTNL2yeHXofGmNmNtZ5HE8c2PCeq88KIJxTX8mFKUR mq6GXw==

;; Query time: 10 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
;; WHEN: Tue Jun 16 12:54:45 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 1769

> I therefore propose an EDNS Page option that allows large responses
> to be sent in smaller IP packets.
> 
> Requirements: (a) Should allow client to re-request specific packets
> that are lost.  (b) Should allow server to limit size of response
> to a single query ( to limit amplification attacks ).  (c) Should
> be stateless.
> 
> General idea: The response is divided into pages of equal size.
> Pages are numbered 0,1,2,3....  The client request has a Page option
> to indicate support. If the response would otherwise be truncated
> (including truncation of the additional section), the server responds
> with a copy of the question and a single OPT record containing a
> Page option, and possibly other options ( e.g. Ping ).
> 
> Client request option data: Page size (16 bits).  Page number (16
> bits - zero for initial request).
> 
> Server response option data: Page size (16 bits). Page number (16
> bits). Total response size (16 bits). Version number (32 bits).
> Page Data (variable length).
> 
> Description: The page size is negotiated. The client initially
> indicates a maximum page size (typically 1400 bytes, no less than
> 200 bytes).  The server responds with either the requested page
> size, or a smaller page size (no less than 200 bytes), and the data
> for the first page. The client then allocates a buffer for the whole
> response, and sends a seperate request for each subsequent page,
> using the negotiated page size. The client will need to keep track
> of outstanding requests, and repeat any requests that receive no
> response after a timeout period. The Version number sent by the
> server may either be the Zone version (as in the SOA record),  or
> a number more specific to the query. If the response Version number
> or Page size changes on subsequent pages, the client restarts the
> whole process, in order to obtain a consistent set of pages. When
> the assembly process is complete, the client processes the complete
> assembled response in the normal way.
> 
> If there is any indication of support, I am willing to submit this
> as an ID.
> 
> George Barwood
 
 
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun 15 21:15:14 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit 
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CC: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>, "Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk" <Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk>, Michael Graff <mgraff@isc.org>, George Barwood <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>, "namedroppers@psg.com" <namedroppers@psg.com>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, "owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org" <owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
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On Jun 15, 2009, at 7:31 PM, Mark Andrews wrote:
> 	I worry about this because you get validators sitting behind
> 	all sorts of crappy boxes which are *not* under the control
> 	of the validator owner and we are telling the validator
> 	owner that's tough @#$$!@# you can't validate despite there
> 	being a path which can allow the answers through.

s/validator owner/upset customer/

This is a *good* thing.


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To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
Cc: =?iso-8859-1?Q?Patrik_F=E4ltstr=F6m?= <paf@cisco.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Tue, 16 Jun 2009 06:11:02 +0100." <2952105F69714941AA49EE6CA6EC1F02@localhost> 
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In message <2952105F69714941AA49EE6CA6EC1F02@localhost>, "George Barwood" writes:
> 
> ----- Original Message ----- From: "Patrik Fltstrm" <paf@cisco.com>
> To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk> Cc:
> <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org> Sent: Tuesday, June 16, 2009 3:00 AM
> Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
> 
> > I must say that implementing application layer "features" to solve a
> > problem when IP layer is not behaving properly (can not handle
> > fragmentation) is a layering violation in the architecture. If we do
> > have problems with fragmented packets not being reassembled, then I
> > think we have other problems as well in our networks.
> 
> Yes. However doing nothing implies that DNSSEC can never be described
> as hardened or secure in my opinion.
> 
> Moving to something other than UDP is the other alternative, but
> that usually seems to involve servers retaining state information,
> which seems undesirable.
> 
> EDNS is a layering violation in any case, but if we are to have it,
> I think we need a layering violation that works :)

Why do you think EDNS is a layering violation?  All it signals is
that you can receive larger responses at the application layer.

EDNS works fine between end points that actually talk DNS.  It fails
when you add firewalls that think they know what the DNS protocol
is but are 10 years behind the time or you have firewalls that think
fragmentation should not occur or you have devices that pretend to
talk DNS but don't actually talk DNS.

There are also a few devices which fail to correctly re-assemble
packet or fail to correctly translate packets but they are rare.

Mark
-
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
Cc: "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Tue, 16 Jun 2009 07:13:48 +0100." <C50A1B0C117F417D95BB61A88810C349@localhost> 
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In message <C50A1B0C117F417D95BB61A88810C349@localhost>, "George Barwood" write
s:
> ----- Original Message ----- 
> From: "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>
> To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
> Cc: <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
> Sent: Tuesday, June 16, 2009 3:58 AM
> Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
> 
> > In message <DC49CF133C054F64BAAFFCB4C97D662E@localhost>, "George Barwood" write
> > s:
> >> EDNS responses larger than ~1500 bytes currently suffer from 2
> >> problems due to IP fragmentation : (1) They may fail to arrive due
> >> to IP implementation or equipment configuration issues.  (2) They
> >> are vulnerable to spoofing.
> >> 
> >> (1) means that practical resolvers are likely to be forced to
> >> implement a means of disabling DNSSEC, which is a security issue.
> >> There is also the issue of amplification attacks.
> >> 
> >> It seems that large responses are definitely needed, typically for
> >> fetching the dnskey rrset, for example
> >>   dig dnskey se @a.ns.se +dnssec
> >> currently has a response size of 3958 bytes.
> > 
> > Which is easily reduced to 1769 bytes and could be reduced
> > further with different key management / signing policies. 
> > e.g. I don't see the need to 3 ZSKs.
> 
> Ok, so we could warn operators that responses of larger than ~1500 bytes 
> to "normal" queries should be avoided if fallback to TCP is to be avoided.
> As Paul Vixie has observed, fallback to TCP is not a realistic solution
> for a busy zone ( or even any zone ).

TCP fallback is fine for 999.9999% of zones though it will almost
never happen for signed end zones even with a 512 byte EDNS buffer.
The root and other infrastructure zones have very different query
and response profiles to end user zones which make up the vast
majority of zones.
 
> I also doubt this is a robust solution. What if more than one algorithm needs 
> to be supported?

Realistically you will only ever need to sign with one algorithm
at a time.  The use of two algorithms will be rare and transitional
(e.g. from NSEC only to NSEC3 capable algorithms, or from SHA1 to
sha256 based algorithms).  You generally won't make such transitions
until the majority of validators support the algorithm you are
moving to or you need a feature that is only supported by a particular
algorithm.

> It feels like placing yourself in a strait-jacket, and I doubt
> that thousands of zone administrators can ever be educated to understand the 
> issues and adopt key management policies to stay witnin such confining limits.

2 KSK's and 2 ZSK's won't result in fragmentation.  99.999% of zones
don't need to use RFC 5011 as they will only publish in the parent
by the use of DS/DLV records.

One will just teach how to do DNSSEC using this maximum number of
keys and the world will follow.

Mark
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
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Hi Peter,

Peter Koch wrote:
> As a protocol purist, I'd support this, but as an operator I'd rather avoid
> such a draconian reaction.  Ignoring the DO bit should be less problematic.
> Also, it is in the spirit of "be conservative in what you send" (and
> note that "liberal in what you accept" therefore doesn't include obeying
> DO at <1220 octets).

That sounds like one reason to do the draft approach.

> Seconded, either way the dnssec-bis-updates document is the right place
> to make this statement.  It's hard to unilaterally standardize the
> reaction to a non-compliant query, anyway.

Yes I'd also prefer the draft statement put in dnssec-bis-updates.

>> It is also much simpler.  The if-statement 'truncation would be caused'
>> complicates way too much, for no real benefit.  Also a FORMERR causes
> 
> Agreed. It would also lead to unnecessary protocal lawyering since
> the client, albeit in violation of the spec, could argue that the
> server would be obliged to engage in that extra calculation if it was
> to ignore DO=1 only after it found that the response would have TC=1.
> Thenew text should encourage the authoritative server to defend itself
> against non compliant clients, rather than to restrict this ability.

Also if the draft statement is used, I would like the 'truncation would
be caused' clause to be removed.

Best regards,
   Wouter

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From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Patrik_F=E4ltstr=F6m?= <paf@cisco.com>
To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
In-Reply-To: <2952105F69714941AA49EE6CA6EC1F02@localhost>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
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On 16 jun 2009, at 07.11, George Barwood wrote:

> Yes. However doing nothing implies that DNSSEC can never be described
> as hardened or secure in my opinion.

Can you expand on this? Because of the fact fragments can be spoofed  
that you said in a different mail? Or because there are so many nodes  
deployed on the net that do not handle fragmentation correctly?

I.e. I try to understand whether you see this as a generic security  
problem, or a deployment problem.

> EDNS is a layering violation in any case, but if we are to have it,  
> I think
> we need a layering violation that works :)

It might have been a layering violation to define that DNS packets  
should stay below 512 bytes, but given that is part of the DNS  
standard, there is not much we can do. And, EDNS0 is also, as we all  
know, a more generic extension mechanism and not only for size  
negotiations.

YMMV.

    Patrik


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun 16 03:22:18 2009
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> 
> EDNS works fine between end points that actually talk DNS.  It fails
> when you add firewalls that think they know what the DNS protocol
> is but are 10 years behind the time or you have firewalls that think
> fragmentation should not occur or you have devices that pretend to
> talk DNS but don't actually talk DNS.

	this is where you have to ask yourself, why do you think
	it is wise to continue to accomodate such behaviours?

> Mark


--bill

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From: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>
To: Peter Koch <pk@DENIC.DE>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 08:11:50 -0400
References: <200906141835.n5EIZ0dD020925@stora.ogud.com> <87iqiy5ywv.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <200906150119.n5F1JE6b095216@stora.ogud.com> <4A3619FA.5090404@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090615211157.GD9397@x27.adm.denic.de>
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On 15-Jun-2009, at 17:11, Peter Koch wrote:

> Seconded, either way the dnssec-bis-updates document is the right  
> place
> to make this statement.  It's hard to unilaterally standardize the
> reaction to a non-compliant query, anyway.

It sounds like you are wondering about how a recommendation such as  
the one Olafur proposed could be deployed.

Are we mainly looking for a general solution to a potential general  
threat (i.e. give implementers and hence authority-only server  
operators an option if TCP query rates start to cause pain)?

Or is this a more tactical measure designed principally for use by  
operators of infrastructure zones (the root, TLDs, etc)?

If the latter, it seems reasonable to imagine that the number of code- 
bases and the number of operators needed to get blanket deployment are  
both rather low.

If the former, then it doesn't seem important to worry about  
deployment; either the TCP query load will be a problem, in which case  
this measure might help, or it won't be a problem, in which case who  
cares about deployment.

Either way it seems like if it's to be of any use consensus needs to  
be achieved and code written in conjunction with the DNSSEC deployment  
timeline, and based on the NTIA's desires with respect to the time to  
a signed root we need this to happen fairly quickly. Perhaps a  
different document is a good way of achieving targeted consensus and  
hence speed to implementation.


Joe


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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
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> From: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
> Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 06:11:02 +0100
> ...
> EDNS is a layering violation in any case, ...

please explain further?

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue\, 16 Jun 2009 04\:00\:56 +0200." <56EBB938-6161-4979-877A-68A16FF6640C@cisco.com> 
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> From: Patrik F=E4ltstr=F6m <paf@cisco.com>
> Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 04:00:56 +0200
>=20
> On 16 jun 2009, at 00.47, George Barwood wrote:
>=20
> > EDNS responses larger than ~1500 bytes currently suffer from 2 problems
> > due to IP fragmentation : (1) They may fail to arrive due to IP
> > implementation or equipment configuration issues.
>=20
> I must say that implementing application layer "features" to solve a
> problem when IP layer is not behaving properly (can not handle
> fragmentation) is a layering violation in the architecture. If we do have
> problems with fragmented packets not being reassembled, then I think we
> have other problems as well in our networks.
>=20
>    Patrik

agreed.  all forms of multipacket require that state be maintained, and as
a matter of architectural principle, multipacket state should be in the
network stack and not in the application.  (thus my recent interest in SCTP=
.)

(which is one reason why EDNS's original MD option bit was removed before
standardization.)

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun 16 07:44:24 2009
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To: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>, Peter Koch <pk@DENIC.DE>
From: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
Cc: IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
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<chair-hat=on>
Andrew is the sole chair of the working group when it comes to this document.

<chair-hat=off>

I put the document out to stimulate discussion, the document describes
what is needed to allow "Ignore DO bit" and when. (+/- guidance on when to
ignore, when needed or always).
The current draft does not explicitly say that resolvers need to cache based
on the DO bit setting in answer not query.

I agree that publishing this in dnssec-bis-updates would be the right place,
BUT something is IMHO needed NOW and dnssec-bis-updates is moving slowly.

If we need an RFC too beat up vendors then this document is the way to go,
if we just need a consensus, next rev can reflect that and then get 
incorporated
into dnssec-bis-updates.

Personally I do not care if we specify "Ignore DO" or FORMERR but I 
prefer the one
that will put more pressure on bad boxes.

         Olafur


At 08:11 16/06/2009, Joe Abley wrote:

>On 15-Jun-2009, at 17:11, Peter Koch wrote:
>
>>Seconded, either way the dnssec-bis-updates document is the right
>>place
>>to make this statement.  It's hard to unilaterally standardize the
>>reaction to a non-compliant query, anyway.
>
>It sounds like you are wondering about how a recommendation such as
>the one Olafur proposed could be deployed.
>
>Are we mainly looking for a general solution to a potential general
>threat (i.e. give implementers and hence authority-only server
>operators an option if TCP query rates start to cause pain)?
>
>Or is this a more tactical measure designed principally for use by
>operators of infrastructure zones (the root, TLDs, etc)?
>
>If the latter, it seems reasonable to imagine that the number of 
>code- bases and the number of operators needed to get blanket deployment are
>both rather low.
>
>If the former, then it doesn't seem important to worry about
>deployment; either the TCP query load will be a problem, in which case
>this measure might help, or it won't be a problem, in which case who
>cares about deployment.
>
>Either way it seems like if it's to be of any use consensus needs to
>be achieved and code written in conjunction with the DNSSEC deployment
>timeline, and based on the NTIA's desires with respect to the time to
>a signed root we need this to happen fairly quickly. Perhaps a
>different document is a good way of achieving targeted consensus and
>hence speed to implementation.
>
>
>Joe
>
>
>--
>to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
>the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
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>


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On Jun 15, 2009, at 7:00 PM, Patrik F=E4ltstr=F6m wrote:
> On 16 jun 2009, at 00.47, George Barwood wrote:
>
>> EDNS responses larger than ~1500 bytes currently suffer from 2 =20
>> problems due to IP fragmentation :
>> (1) They may fail to arrive due to IP implementation or equipment =20
>> configuration issues.
>
> I must say that implementing application layer "features" to solve a =20=

> problem when IP layer is not behaving properly (can not handle =20
> fragmentation) is a layering violation in the architecture.

It just means that you (typically) need to replicate logic found in =20
connection oriented transport protocols.  See (original) NFS for an =20
example.  I guess you could call it a layering violation, but if so, =20
allowing applications to choose between connection-oriented and =20
connectionless would be the same sort of layering violation.

> If we do have problems with fragmented packets not being =20
> reassembled, then I think we have other problems as well in our =20
> networks.


?

http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=3D10.1.1.37.5308
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-heffner-frag-harmful-05
The whole point behind RFC 1191
Etc.

Regards,
-drc


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 08:36:52 -0700
References: <DC49CF133C054F64BAAFFCB4C97D662E@localhost>  <56EBB938-6161-4979-877A-68A16FF6640C@cisco.com>  <57324.1245161996@nsa.vix.com>
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On Jun 16, 2009, at 7:19 AM, Paul Vixie wrote:
> all forms of multipacket require that state be maintained, and as
> a matter of architectural principle, multipacket state should be in  
> the
> network stack and not in the application.

If the size of a 'normal' DNS response is going to result in  
fragmentation, we have four choices:

a) hope IP fragmentation works
b) fall back to TCP
c) implement multipacket state over UDP in the application
d) use a new protocol, e.g.:

> (thus my recent interest in SCTP.)

Historically, (a) has been problematic and is likely to remain so in  
the future (although maybe PMTUD will help).  Option (b) puts the  
burden on the server which doesn't scale particularly well, but has  
worked to date.  Option (c) properly done would put the burden on the  
application and would thus scale better, but would require additional  
complexity in the DNS and redeployment of all DNS servers.  Option (d)  
would probably scale well (depending on the protocol) and wouldn't  
likely add significant additional complexity to the DNS, but would not  
only require redeployment of all DNS servers, but also require the  
deployment of infrastructure capable of supporting the new protocol.

I suspect a better option is to not make the 'normal' DNS response  
require fragmentation.  Too bad we're going the opposite direction.

Regards,
-drc


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 08:49:03 -0700
References: <DC49CF133C054F64BAAFFCB4C97D662E@localhost>  <56EBB938-6161-4979-877A-68A16FF6640C@cisco.com>  <57324.1245161996@nsa.vix.com>
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On Jun 16, 2009, at 7:19 AM, Paul Vixie wrote:

>> From: Patrik F=E4ltstr=F6m <paf@cisco.com>
>> Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 04:00:56 +0200
>>
>> On 16 jun 2009, at 00.47, George Barwood wrote:
>>
>>> EDNS responses larger than ~1500 bytes currently suffer from 2 =20
>>> problems
>>> due to IP fragmentation : (1) They may fail to arrive due to IP
>>> implementation or equipment configuration issues.
>>
>> I must say that implementing application layer "features" to solve a
>> problem when IP layer is not behaving properly (can not handle
>> fragmentation) is a layering violation in the architecture. If we =20
>> do have
>> problems with fragmented packets not being reassembled, then I =20
>> think we
>> have other problems as well in our networks.
>>
>>   Patrik
>
> agreed.  all forms of multipacket require that state be maintained, =20=

> and as
> a matter of architectural principle, multipacket state should be in =20=

> the
> network stack and not in the application.  (thus my recent interest =20=

> in SCTP.)

Unfortunately, the Internet is one giant layering violation in this =20
respect.

We don't have final numbers (heck, we're still collecting data, let =20
alone analyzing it), but the number of resolvers which can't handle an =20=

1800B DNS response even though they advertise EDNS support is =20
shockingly large, as is the number of end hosts which can't directly =20
request an 1800B DNS response.

For the purposes of DNS, you NEED a valid story that takes into =20
account this issue, unless you view not working for a significant =20
percentage of the Internet not a problem.


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 09:33:41 -0700
References: <DC49CF133C054F64BAAFFCB4C97D662E@localhost>  <56EBB938-6161-4979-877A-68A16FF6640C@cisco.com>  <57324.1245161996@nsa.vix.com> <80022C3C-A52E-40C9-AA86-68B8E010FD67@icsi.berkeley.edu> <4A37C388.2080702@isc.org>
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On Jun 16, 2009, at 9:08 AM, Michael Graff wrote:

> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> Hash: SHA1
>
> Nicholas Weaver wrote:
>
>> We don't have final numbers (heck, we're still collecting data, let
>> alone analyzing it), but the number of resolvers which can't handle  
>> an
>> 1800B DNS response even though they advertise EDNS support is  
>> shockingly
>> large, as is the number of end hosts which can't directly request an
>> 1800B DNS response.
>
> Careful there.  What specifically cannot handle it?  The resolver
> itself?  Or some device between it and the authority?


The test in question:

The response generated to edns_large. 
{anything}.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu is ~1800B, padded by a number of  
irrelevant CNAMEs in the additional section (the CNAME block is  
actually located between the A records for the two listed  
"authorities").

It does not validate EDNS requested size, (but that is captured in  
another test), so it may exceed the advertised EDNS capacity of the  
server for this particular test.

The response is generated from a standard ethernet interface without  
jumbo frame enabled, so it is being fragmented by the sender.

Since the response padding is garbage, unrelated CNAMEs in the  
additional section, we would not except most recursive resolvers to  
include them in a response.



For the purposes of testing the user's resolver:

The path between ICSI and the user's recursive resolver, or the user's  
recursive resolver itself, is unable to either properly reassemble the  
fragmented response when it needs to, interpret the DNS response (but  
all others worked), or is unable to fragment further if the ethernet  
1500B MTU is too large.



For the purposes of testing the user's local connection:

The path between Amazon EC2 and the user's local connection, or the  
user's own computer, is unable to either properly reassemble the  
fragmented response when it needs to, an in-path device was unable to  
interpret the DNS response when it attempted (but was able to  
interpret a request for entropy.netalyzr...), or is unable to fragment  
further if the ethernet 1500 MTU is too large.


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun 16 10:06:28 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 10:01:22 -0700
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On Jun 16, 2009, at 9:45 AM, Michael Graff wrote:

> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> Hash: SHA1
>
> Nicholas Weaver wrote:
>>
>> On Jun 16, 2009, at 9:08 AM, Michael Graff wrote:
>>
>>> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
>>> Hash: SHA1
>>>
>>> Nicholas Weaver wrote:
>>>
>>>> We don't have final numbers (heck, we're still collecting data, let
>>>> alone analyzing it), but the number of resolvers which can't  
>>>> handle an
>>>> 1800B DNS response even though they advertise EDNS support is  
>>>> shockingly
>>>> large, as is the number of end hosts which can't directly request  
>>>> an
>>>> 1800B DNS response.
>>>
>>> Careful there.  What specifically cannot handle it?  The resolver
>>> itself?  Or some device between it and the authority?
>>
>>
>> The test in question:
> ...
>> It does not validate EDNS requested size, (but that is captured in
>> another test), so it may exceed the advertised EDNS capacity of the
>> server for this particular test.
>
> So if someone advertises a 1000 byte packet size you still blast them
> with 1800, and are surprised they cannot handle it?
>
> I was more worried about your comments about the "resolvers cannot
> handle" which I found to be inaccurate.  Your test as stated means you
> are intentionally flooding them with more data and ignoring the EDNS
> advertised size, unless I misread what you said.
>
> Also, saying that the "resolver cannot handle" implies the resolver  
> code
> is broken, when I suspect it is often times a firewall external to the
> resolving software.  That is, "a resolver does not receive fragmented
> packets" is perhaps accurate, but "a resolver cannot handle" is  
> probably
> not.
>
> I'm not picking on you, just wanting to make clear where the problem  
> is,
> and if your tools can do that awesome.  I like what you've done so  
> far,
> and am glad that my home connection as rated as close to perfect as I
> can get it!

We do a second test where we check and capture what the advertised MTU  
size is, so we can exclude those cases where our response exceeds the  
advertised MTU size.

ONLY looking at those where we capture the advertised MTU as well  
(capturing the MTU requires the user to trust the applet), and the  
advertised MTU is >1900 bytes, the number of cases which fail to  
resolve this name is high.

We do NOT however check whether it does a successful fallback, redoing  
the request with a lower EDNS MTU and whether that succeeds: the point  
is to check whether the large ADVERTISED MTU can be used.


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun 16 10:18:08 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
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On Tue, Jun 16, 2009 at 08:11:50AM -0400, Joe Abley wrote:

> >to make this statement.  It's hard to unilaterally standardize the
> >reaction to a non-compliant query, anyway.
> 
> It sounds like you are wondering about how a recommendation such as  
> the one Olafur proposed could be deployed.

there are two aspects to this:

1) When a document is proposed (no pun) for Standards Track, I think one
   should be able to elevate it there per the rules (even if that never
   happens), which means the interoperability requirements must be clear.
   In this case, the server is reacting to a question in violation of
   the spec and I have difficulties to see how "two independent
   implementations" could successfully interoperate.

2) By specifying the correct behaviour and limiting the possible reactions
   one creates a grey area where both sides might be raight and wrong.

> threat (i.e. give implementers and hence authority-only server  
> operators an option if TCP query rates start to cause pain)?

Ideally, before that happens.

-Peter

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From: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Cc: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>,  Peter Koch <pk@DENIC.DE>,  IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
References: <200906141835.n5EIZ0dD020925@stora.ogud.com> <87iqiy5ywv.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <200906150119.n5F1JE6b095216@stora.ogud.com> <4A3619FA.5090404@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090615211157.GD9397@x27.adm.denic.de> <3B043A63-0A2D-473D-B153-D78B2F1ACE68@hopcount.ca> <200906161440.n5GEegfx023035@stora.ogud.com>
Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 19:47:41 +0200
In-Reply-To: <200906161440.n5GEegfx023035@stora.ogud.com> (Olafur Gudmundsson's message of "Tue, 16 Jun 2009 10:40:33 -0400")
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* Olafur Gudmundsson:

> Personally I do not care if we specify "Ignore DO" or FORMERR but I
> prefer the one that will put more pressure on bad boxes.

Do not answer such broken queries.  This will make the issue obvious
right now.  It mainly punishes the violator, and not both ends (to the
degree that is possible if you deliberately prevent a transaction
which is mutually beneficial).

Ignoring DO or sending FORMERR will not make a difference to the
violator if DNSSEC is not involved.  Either no fallback is needed at
all, or it will happen after one round-trip (which is still not such a
huge delay that it is likely to catch operator attention).  If DNSSEC
is involved and the violator lacks a BAD cache, a self-DoS due to a
query storm might be the result, punishing both ends.

By the way, it's still not clear to me if this thread is about
improving the DNS protocol in an objective sense, or punishing ISC for
more or less deliberately misinterpreting an RFC.  That is, I don't
see the protocol-level harm caused by the BIND behavior.  (In the
abstract, I can imagine that a dominant vendor is able to cause quite
arbitrary damage by ignoring established standards, both to the
protocol itself and the standardization process.)

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From: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
References: <DC49CF133C054F64BAAFFCB4C97D662E@localhost> <56EBB938-6161-4979-877A-68A16FF6640C@cisco.com> <57324.1245161996@nsa.vix.com>
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* Paul Vixie:

> agreed.  all forms of multipacket require that state be maintained,
> and as a matter of architectural principle, multipacket state should
> be in the network stack and not in the application.  (thus my recent
> interest in SCTP.)

I think this is simply wrong, especially if you strive for resilience
against protocol-specific denial-of-service attacks.  If you hide
state in the stack, you lose control over it, and you end up with
resource exhaustion attacks.  I think this is the essence of your
dislike towards TCP (and admittedly, it's practically impossible to
work around that if all you've got is the BSD sockets API).
Unfortunately, SCTP is just more of the same.

By the way, cryptography enables the server to securely carry state
from packet to packet, keeping it in the client or in network buffers
(the latter similar to delay line memory).  The client only has to
pass back blobs it has received from the server.  There are probably
some web frameworks which use this to carry state.

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 16 Jun 2009 08:36:52 MST." <AA91F65A-ECE5-43F1-91BA-8BBBA22F83CE@virtualized.org> 
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> From: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
> Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 08:36:52 -0700
> 
> On Jun 16, 2009, at 7:19 AM, Paul Vixie wrote:
> > all forms of multipacket require that state be maintained, and as a
> > matter of architectural principle, multipacket state should be in the
> > network stack and not in the application.
> 
> If the size of a 'normal' DNS response is going to result in
> fragmentation, we have four choices:
> 
> a) hope IP fragmentation works
> b) fall back to TCP
> c) implement multipacket state over UDP in the application
> d) use a new protocol, e.g.:
> 
> > (thus my recent interest in SCTP.)

yes.

> Historically, (a) has been problematic and is likely to remain so in the
> future (although maybe PMTUD will help).  Option (b) puts the burden on
> the server which doesn't scale particularly well, but has worked to date.
> Option (c) properly done would put the burden on the application and
> would thus scale better, but would require additional complexity in the
> DNS and redeployment of all DNS servers.  Option (d) would probably scale
> well (depending on the protocol) and wouldn't likely add significant
> additional complexity to the DNS, but would not only require redeployment
> of all DNS servers, but also require the deployment of infrastructure
> capable of supporting the new protocol.

my reason for preferring to keep multipacket state in the network stack vs.
the application is that i've always been able to do a better job resisting
DDoS in the kernel, firewalls, routers, or upstream cleanerboxes, than by
delivering all traffic to the server and then context switching in user mode
(where capabilities like virtual memory and file systems are irrelevant.)

> I suspect a better option is to not make the 'normal' DNS response
> require fragmentation.  Too bad we're going the opposite direction.

that's an argument for using smaller crypto.  people who know crypto tell me
that the bernstein curve is both good, fast, and cheap.  don't let dnscurve's
use of nameserver names as public keys and the fact that it protects links in
the path rather than the data itself, keep us from considering the elliptic
curve as a potentially better crypto algo for dnssec.

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 16 Jun 2009 08:49:03 MST." <80022C3C-A52E-40C9-AA86-68B8E010FD67@icsi.berkeley.edu> 
References: <DC49CF133C054F64BAAFFCB4C97D662E@localhost> <56EBB938-6161-4979-877A-68A16FF6640C@cisco.com> <57324.1245161996@nsa.vix.com>  <80022C3C-A52E-40C9-AA86-68B8E010FD67@icsi.berkeley.edu> 
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> From: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
> Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 08:49:03 -0700
> ...
> For the purposes of DNS, you NEED a valid story that takes into account
> this issue, unless you view not working for a significant percentage of
> the Internet not a problem.

that's an argument for doing all future protocol development over HTTPS.

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 16 Jun 2009 18:41:11 +0100." <18F79DCC22DB4FF7A68442D929B04F2A@localhost> 
References: <200906160646.n5G6k4DQ015500@drugs.dv.isc.org> <57895D72CEEF4452836C35361419B311@localhost> <4A37B5E8.2020309@isc.org>  <18F79DCC22DB4FF7A68442D929B04F2A@localhost> 
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> From: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
> Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 18:41:11 +0100
> ...
> In any sane system, achieving security against out-of-path attacks should
> take place in a layer that is precisely specified to achieve this goal,
> and is guarunteed to work.
> 
> The IP protocol is unfortunately not up to the job, ...

i think you mean "UDP/IP by itself is not up to the job", since every
solution we're discussing (including page option and sctp) uses IP.

> so to achieve security (that is security from blind out-of-path DoS
> attacks) I think you have do some work in an EDNS layer ( or some other
> layer on top of basic UDP ). This is what I am proposing.

much of the lossage that hurts EDNS today is because of middleboxes that
insist on UDP/53 payloads being smaller than 513 octets, or not having
additional data sections, or not containing nxdomain.  more edns options
won't help in those cases.  sadly, those middleboxes are now part of the
installed base, so our choices are ignore them and be blamed for failures,
or to work within their limitations.

if we're going to ignore these middleboxes then we can stick to edns as it
is, which depends on ip fragmentation, which leads to failures, for which
we are being blamed already.

or if we're going to ignore these middleboxes then we should ask for what
we really want, which looks more and more to me like SCTP.  (reasons posted
separately, with an actual proposal coming soon.)

if we're not going to ignore these boxes, we should just define an HTTPS XML
schema for DNS transactions, and hide in encrypted streams that middleboxes
are already forced by the fortune 500 to tolerate.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun 16 12:32:28 2009
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Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 12:28:18 -0700
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Tue, Jun 16, 2009 at 12:00 PM, Paul Vixie<vixie@isc.org> wrote:
> that's an argument for using smaller crypto. =A0people who know crypto te=
ll me
> that the bernstein curve is both good, fast, and cheap. =A0don't let dnsc=
urve's
> use of nameserver names as public keys and the fact that it protects link=
s in
> the path rather than the data itself, keep us from considering the ellipt=
ic
> curve as a potentially better crypto algo for dnssec.

There are at least two reasonable approaches DNSSEC could take to
reduce packet size:

  1. Use Rabin-Williams signatures like Adam Langley's rwb0fuz1024
proposal last fall: Rabin-Williams signatures can be verified faster
than RSA, signatures can be compressed to 1/2 size, and public keys
can be compressed to 1/3 size.

  2. Use elliptic curve signatures: public keys and signatures are
smaller still; verification time for a single signature is slower, but
batch verification of signatures can help to compensate for this.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun 16 12:37:04 2009
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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 16 Jun 2009 19:47:41 +0200." <87ocsohxz6.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> 
References: <200906141835.n5EIZ0dD020925@stora.ogud.com> <87iqiy5ywv.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <200906150119.n5F1JE6b095216@stora.ogud.com> <4A3619FA.5090404@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090615211157.GD9397@x27.adm.denic.de> <3B043A63-0A2D-473D-B153-D78B2F1ACE68@hopcount.ca> <200906161440.n5GEegfx023035@stora.ogud.com>  <87ocsohxz6.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> 
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> From: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
> Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 19:47:41 +0200
> 
> * Olafur Gudmundsson:
> > Personally I do not care if we specify "Ignore DO" or FORMERR but I
> > prefer the one that will put more pressure on bad boxes.
> 
> Do not answer such broken queries.  ...

the query isn't broken.

> By the way, it's still not clear to me if this thread is about improving
> the DNS protocol in an objective sense, or punishing ISC for more or less
> deliberately misinterpreting an RFC.

the authors of the rfc in question have told me that DO means dnssec would
not cause the initiator to dump core, not that dnssec records are desired.
by that interpretation, bind9's current behaviour is not unreasonable, and
it really does fall to the target to decide that the initiator might not be
going to dump core, but that with the buffer size being less than 1220, it
is not reasonable to assume that dnssec metadata will all fit, and so the
fact that it would not make the initiator dump core becomes irrelevant.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun 16 12:41:48 2009
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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 16 Jun 2009 19:14:03 +0100." <87F59E476ECB43B2B2E981D255B1E7F4@localhost> 
References: <DC49CF133C054F64BAAFFCB4C97D662E@localhost> <56EBB938-6161-4979-877A-68A16FF6640C@cisco.com> <2952105F69714941AA49EE6CA6EC1F02@localhost> <57532.1245162091@nsa.vix.com>  <87F59E476ECB43B2B2E981D255B1E7F4@localhost> 
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> From: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
> Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 19:14:03 +0100
> 
> >> EDNS is a layering violation in any case, ...
> > 
> > please explain further?
> 
> Ok, from RFC 2671
...
> We are programming a distributed database, and suddenly we are faced with
> network/transport layer complications.

if that's what you're calling a layering violation, then i refer you to
RFC 1035 4.2.1, which is RFC 2671's spiritual father.  if either of those
is a layering violation, than both are.

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 16 Jun 2009 20:24:03 +0200." <87ab48ghq4.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> 
References: <DC49CF133C054F64BAAFFCB4C97D662E@localhost> <56EBB938-6161-4979-877A-68A16FF6640C@cisco.com> <57324.1245161996@nsa.vix.com>  <87ab48ghq4.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> 
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> From: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
> 
> * Paul Vixie:
> > agreed.  all forms of multipacket require that state be maintained,
> > and as a matter of architectural principle, multipacket state should
> > be in the network stack and not in the application.  (thus my recent
> > interest in SCTP.)
> 
> I think this is simply wrong, especially if you strive for resilience
> against protocol-specific denial-of-service attacks.  If you hide
> state in the stack, you lose control over it, and you end up with
> resource exhaustion attacks.

as i explained elsewhere on this thread, keeping it in the stack gives
me a lot more options on how i handle ddos.

> I think this is the essence of your dislike towards TCP ...

no.  syn flood protection works.  i worry about TCP because of the speed
of light and the distance between nodes and the number of round trips and
the total time that state has to be maintained on both sides and because
of the way RFC 1035 specifie sthat connection management be done in the
application.

> ...  Unfortunately, SCTP is just more of the same.

sctp has only one of the weaknesses i know of in tcp/53.  i'll say more
in an actual proposal.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun 16 14:16:37 2009
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From: Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
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On Tue, 16 Jun 2009, Nicholas Weaver wrote:
> [Discussion of lack of large response size support deleted.]
>
> For the purposes of DNS, you NEED a valid story that takes into account 
> this issue, unless you view not working for a significant percentage of 
> the Internet not a problem.

Of all the TLDs signed to date, I would bet that .org is the most
popular, where popular is narrowly defined here as having the most
iterative resolvers query its name servers.  Now that .org is signed,
its responses have grown dramatically larger.  For example, a query
for www.<my-personal-domain>.org with +DO yields a 642-byte referral
(up from 149 bytes without DO).  Likewise, a query for
www.nxdomain2.org with +DO generates 1003 bytes in response vs. 109
bytes without DO.  The large response size situation with .gov is even
worse, considering that zone is using two 2048-bit RSA keys and NSEC3:
a +DO NXDOMAIN from .gov almost always tops 1500 bytes.

It has been several weeks since .org was signed (and even longer for
.gov) and the Internet has not melted.  That doesn't mean there aren't
pockets with issues, but we have not seen widespread problems
resulting from these significantly-larger responses.

I therefore maintain that if there were big problems, we would have
heard about them by now.  This makes me feel better about the root,
too: every day that goes by with more TLDs signed and no significant
problems makes me that less worried about significant damage when the
root is signed.

Matt

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To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
Cc: "Michael Graff" <mgraff@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Tue, 16 Jun 2009 18:26:52 +0100." <02A2F6D0BF4D4DF9A277E1B9604F869D@localhost
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In message <02A2F6D0BF4D4DF9A277E1B9604F869D@localhost>, "George Barwood" write
s:
> 
> ----- Original Message ----- 
> From: "Michael Graff" <mgraff@isc.org>
> To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
> Cc: "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>; <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
> Sent: Tuesday, June 16, 2009 4:10 PM
> Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
> 
> 
> > George Barwood wrote:
> > 
> >> All Zone administrators still need to be aware that oversize responses 
> >> are vulnerable to Dos attack ( by fragment and then the TCP fallback ).
> > 
> > How are servers today not vulnerable to a DDoS over TCP?  That is, what
> > does a large response size actually change for this risk?
> 
> The vulnerability of TCP has not changed, what has changed is the risk of needing to use it.
> Ordinary DNS (excluding zone transfers) never needs to fall back to TCP in normal use.

There have always been responses that have needed TCP.  TCP is a
normal part of the DNS and you have to go to extraordinary lengths
to stop fallback to TCP occuring.

The roots have had to fallback to TCP return referrals over plain
DNS on occasions.

What we are arguing over is the amount of TCP fallback.  When it
will occur and how often.  If you are sitting behind a firewall
that only allow 512 byte packets though and have not configured the
nameserver to send 512 byte packets the fallback path is extreemly
slow and no one who has a choice will want to continue to operate
in that state.  Go configure your firewall to only allow through
512 byte UDP/DNS packets and see for yourself. 

Mark

> George
> 
> > - --Michael
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
Cc: "Paul Vixie" <vixie@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Tue, 16 Jun 2009 19:14:03 +0100." <87F59E476ECB43B2B2E981D255B1E7F4@localhost> 
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In message <87F59E476ECB43B2B2E981D255B1E7F4@localhost>, "George Barwood" write
s:
> 
> ----- Original Message ----- 
> From: "Paul Vixie" <vixie@isc.org>
> To: <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
> Sent: Tuesday, June 16, 2009 3:21 PM
> Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
> 
> 
> >> From: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
> >> Date: Tue, 16 Jun 2009 06:11:02 +0100
> >> ...
> >> EDNS is a layering violation in any case, ...
> > 
> > please explain further?
> 
> Ok, from RFC 2671
> <<
> 4.5. The sender's UDP payload size (which OPT stores in the RR CLASS
>      field) is the number of octets of the largest UDP payload that can
>      be reassembled and delivered in the sender's network stack.  Note
>      that path MTU, with or without fragmentation, may be smaller than
>      this.
> 
> 4.5.1. Note that a 512-octet UDP payload requires a 576-octet IP
>        reassembly buffer.  Choosing 1280 on an Ethernet connected
>        requestor would be reasonable.  The consequence of choosing too
>        large a value may be an ICMP message from an intermediate
>        gateway, or even a silent drop of the response message.

You ususally  get a ICMP from a intermediate when you set, or the
OS sets for you, DF.  I know of no nameserver that sets DF on its
UDP traffic.  We and I presume others try to ensure that it is
turned off if the OS defaults to turning it on.  The only OS were
we don't have that control and need it is Solaris and IPv4 UDP
traffic.

There may be some router out there which can't support link layer
MTU sized packets but they are extremely rare beasts.  I know of
no router that can't fragment a packet that they can fully receive.

You loose if you choose a size that you can't reassemble.  Most
boxes can re-assemble the packets we are talking about and if you
can't (think simple UDP stack in a embedded box) we shouldn't be
preventing DNSSEC being used by preventing fallback to EDNS@512.
Such boxes should be rare and the impact minimal.
 
> 4.5.2. Both requestors and responders are advised to take account of the
>        path's discovered MTU (if already known) when considering message
>        sizes.>>
> We are programming a distributed database, and suddenly we are
> faced with network/transport layer complications.

We have always looked at the underlying layers.  This is not new.
 
> Of course in DNS, because it uses UDP, there is considerable
> mixing of the various layers.

The DNS uses UDP when UDP's characteristics best fit the query
profile.  It uses TCP when the answer falls out of what UDP can
reasonably handle.

> But I don't want to get into theoretical arguments about
> software/network design.
> 
> We all know that for historical reasons DNS is a bit of a mess.
> 
> What's needed is to understand what exists, how it is insecure,
> and how it may practically be made secure and reliable.
> 
> George
> 
> > --
> > to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> > the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> > archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
> >


-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

--
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To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Wed, 17 Jun 2009 06:06:52 +0100." <DBA6BB5BF9124D9CA48F4ED38ABF2FC6@localhost> 
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In message <DBA6BB5BF9124D9CA48F4ED38ABF2FC6@localhost>, "George Barwood" writes:
> 
> ----- Original Message ----- 
> From: "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>
> To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
> Cc: "Michael Graff" <mgraff@isc.org>; <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
> Sent: Wednesday, June 17, 2009 12:22 AM
> Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
> 
> 
> > 
> > In message <02A2F6D0BF4D4DF9A277E1B9604F869D@localhost>, "George Barwood" write
> > s:
> >> 
> >> ----- Original Message ----- 
> >> From: "Michael Graff" <mgraff@isc.org>
> >> To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
> >> Cc: "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>; <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
> >> Sent: Tuesday, June 16, 2009 4:10 PM
> >> Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
> >> 
> >> 
> >> > George Barwood wrote:
> >> > 
> >> >> All Zone administrators still need to be aware that oversize responses 
> >> >> are vulnerable to Dos attack ( by fragment and then the TCP fallback ).
> >> > 
> >> > How are servers today not vulnerable to a DDoS over TCP?  That is, what
> >> > does a large response size actually change for this risk?
> >> 
> >> The vulnerability of TCP has not changed, what has changed is the risk of needing to use it.
> >> Ordinary DNS (excluding zone transfers) never needs to fall back to TCP in normal use.
> > 
> > There have always been responses that have needed TCP.  TCP is a
> > normal part of the DNS and you have to go to extraordinary lengths
> > to stop fallback to TCP occuring.
> 
> Err.. no you don't. You just don't enable EDNS, and have a 512 byte response buffer.
> I have operated a resolver in this way that doesn't fall back to TCP, and have not 
> found something that does not resolve in many months of use. The priming query 
> and some referrals may have truncated additional sections, but that doesn't matter.

	Well you are lucky then or you use a recursive nameserver
	which violates the DNS standards by chopping up the answer
	section.

	EDNS, by itself, actually reduces the probability that you
	will have to fallback to TCP, it doesn't prevent it.

	DNSSEC increases the probability that you will fallback to
	TCP over EDNS alone.

	Plain DNS and DNSSEC with a 4069 byte EDNS clean path should
	have similar levels of TCP fallback.  You will get more TCP
	fallback with DNSSEC and EDNS@1200 and more fallback still
	with EDNS@512.

> > The roots have had to fallback to TCP return referrals over plain
> > DNS on occasions.
> > 
> > What we are arguing over is the amount of TCP fallback.  
> 
> Right, which is why I said 
> 
> "Ordinary DNS (excluding zone transfers) never needs to fall back to TCP in normal use."

	Ordinary DNS responses do fallback to TCP.  You will find
	that your stub resolvers and you recursive resolver will
	do this automatically.  Anyone who says differently really
	does not know what happens in the real world.
 
	This is the response to a ordinary query.  Note EDNS was
	not used and it fell back to using TCP.

;; Truncated, retrying in TCP mode.

; <<>> DiG 9.3.6-P1 <<>> dnskey se
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 58614
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 5, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;se.				IN	DNSKEY

;; ANSWER SECTION:
se.			3590	IN	DNSKEY	257 3 5 AwEAAdKc1sGsbv5jjeJ141IxNSTdR+nbtFn+JKQpvFZETaY5iMutoyWH a+jCp0TBBAzB2trGHzdi7E55FFzbeG0r+G6SJbJ4DXYSpiiELPiu0i+j Pp3C3kNwiqpPpQHWaYDS9MTQMu/QZHR/sFPbUnsK30fuQbKKkKgnADms 0aXalYUuCgDyVMjdxRLz5yzLoaSO9m5ii5cI0dQNCjexvj9M4ec6woi6 +N8v1pOmQAQ9at5Fd8A6tAxZI8tdlEUnXYgNwb8eVZEWsgXtBhoyAru7 Tzw+F6ToYq6hmKhfsT+fIhFXsYso7L4nYUqTnM4VOZgNhcTv+qVQkHfO OeJKUkNB8Qc=
se.			3590	IN	DNSKEY	257 3 5 AwEAAeeGE5unuosN3c8tBcj1/q4TQEwzfNY0GK6kxMVZ1wcTkypSExLC BPMS0wWkrA1n7t5hcM86VD94L8oEd9jnHdjxreguOZYEBWkckajU0tBW wEPMoEwepknpB14la1wy3xR95PMt9zWceiqaYOLEujFAqe6F3tQ14lP6 FdFL9wyCflV06K1ww+gQxYRDo6h+Wejguvpeg33KRzFtlwvbF3AapH2G XCi4Ok2+PO2ckzfKoikIe9ZOXfrCbG9ml2iQrRNSM4q3zGhuly4NrF/t 9s9jakbWzd4PM1Q551XIEphRGyqcbA2JTU3/mcUVKfgrH7nxaPz5DoUB 7TKYyQgsTlc=
se.			3590	IN	DNSKEY	256 3 5 AwEAAa03g6eUym7QeFGEt0wx88nUcQmqnRRoUos95ICScmAgXimeiIhA pAOTWUrrybMyCOVgeFH8oovLoR8UR3YmScloECOU/EZQ4gLXGtL74HlO X8hw0HhlkOXNfSlxWZBTOOQn2Rf9yS3xWZ+ciLTqgj9SFxKr4n0AT6sy rWYFt4jJ
se.			3590	IN	DNSKEY	256 3 5 AwEAAcZN0OVaokJAtEiVGan/g3J3gOeYx7BCLTX1RuaWPHmPKROR7nfU a2Hc7Glpdtofk/uk5Aeiq9BKAAavke7Abr35cPXxOIdxdX65K4se1Iqe YpX+oW66xsn87WV89t1yPS67/nqFP5tcHnRnqA3lXGDlcfkjEsMQwY/M flQSVIkl
se.			3590	IN	DNSKEY	256 3 5 AwEAAc9B2MqxtXW/bQUYBV5zHf1z8e8MRSVWleDlQ3XZaOMlki4g4qdX hJ2rHN69ZzmvMj2DjTvLd8lMTN54NiHntofBIg0ZJ9pi0pcDemeeVQ7B h7T1OYzaM2rnId7xfSaoXBdX+6tMhkB/3CXM/cgqgar33emkhzdPUDdS 8FYNBGuL

;; Query time: 6 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
;; WHEN: Wed Jun 17 15:44:28 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 1016

> > When it
> > will occur and how often.  If you are sitting behind a firewall
> > that only allow 512 byte packets though and have not configured the
> > nameserver to send 512 byte packets the fallback path is extreemly
> > slow and no one who has a choice will want to continue to operate
> > in that state.  Go configure your firewall to only allow through
> > 512 byte UDP/DNS packets and see for yourself.
> > Mark
> > 
> >> George
> >> 
> >> > - --Michael
> > -- 
> > Mark Andrews, ISC
> > 1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
> > PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

--
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From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
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In message <C01EF232867944E48F95FBD97A1600EB@localhost>, "George Barwood" write
s:
> By "Ordinary" I mean pre-DNSSEC. DNSSEC is the change.
> 
> "The vulnerability of TCP has not changed, what has changed is the risk of needing to use it."
> "Ordinary DNS (excluding zone transfers) never needs to fall back to TCP in normal use."

	Repeating something that is patently incorrect doesn't make
	it correct.  The fact that you have not experienced TCP
	fallback occuring doesn't mean that it doesn't happen.

	I've seen lots of cases where adminstrators have thought
	they could get away with not offering DNS over TCP just to
	have it backfire.  Microsoft did it at one point.  See
	attached.  Note there are no DNSSEC records involved and
	no EDNS either.

	Mark

-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

------- =_aaaaaaaaaa0
Content-Type: message/rfc822
Content-ID: <41999.1245223797.2@drugs.dv.isc.org>

To: msnhst@microsoft.com
From: Mark.Andrews@nominum.com
Subject: Broken firewall.
Date: Tue, 01 May 2001 01:54:33 +1000
Sender: marka@nominum.com

	
	Can you please either make your answers fit in a UDP response
	or allow DNS/TCP through the firewall.  At the moment your
	servers are telling the client to retry using TCP but you
	are not allowing the TCP connection to be established.

	Mark

; <<>> DiG 8.3 <<>> -x +ignore ptr @DNS4.CP.MSFT.NET 
; (1 server found)
;; res options: init igntc recurs defnam dnsrch
;; got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 43996
;; flags: qr aa tc rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 19, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 0
;; QUERY SECTION:
;;	126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa, type = PTR, class = IN

;; ANSWER SECTION:
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.compaq.net.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.fr.msn.ca.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.ktmsn.co.kr.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.latam.msn.com.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.msn.ca.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.msn.co.in.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.msn.co.jp.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.msn.co.kr.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.msn.co.nz.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.msn.com.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.msn.com.br.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.msn.com.hk.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.msn.com.mx.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.msn.com.my.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.msn.com.sg.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.msn.com.tw.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.msnbc.com.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.msretech.com.
126.177.68.207.in-addr.arpa.  1H IN PTR  c.t1msn.com.mx.

;; Total query time: 313 msec
;; FROM: drugs.dv.isc.org to SERVER: DNS4.CP.MSFT.NET  207.46.138.11
;; WHEN: Tue May  1 01:49:35 2001
;; MSG SIZE  sent: 45  rcvd: 504

drugs# tcpdump -n -p -s 1500 host DNS4.CP.MSFT.NET and port 53
tcpdump: listening on ep0
01:45:41.451316 130.155.191.236.2003 > 207.46.138.11.53: S 1043405316:1043405316(0) win 16384 <mss 1460> (DF)
01:45:44.444614 130.155.191.236.2003 > 207.46.138.11.53: S 1043405316:1043405316(0) win 16384 <mss 1460> (DF)
01:45:47.444653 130.155.191.236.2003 > 207.46.138.11.53: S 1043405316:1043405316(0) win 16384 <mss 1460> (DF)
01:45:50.444697 130.155.191.236.2003 > 207.46.138.11.53: S 1043405316:1043405316(0) win 16384 <mss 1460> (DF)
01:45:53.444747 130.155.191.236.2003 > 207.46.138.11.53: S 1043405316:1043405316(0) win 16384 <mss 1460> (DF)
01:45:56.444795 130.155.191.236.2003 > 207.46.138.11.53: S 1043405316:1043405316(0) win 16384 <mss 1460> (DF)
01:46:02.444884 130.155.191.236.2003 > 207.46.138.11.53: S 1043405316:1043405316(0) win 16384 <mss 1460> (DF)

-- 
Mark Andrews, Nominum Inc.
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE:	+61 2 9871 4742		         INTERNET: Mark.Andrews@nominum.com

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 17 03:39:42 2009
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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>
Cc: Peter Koch <pk@DENIC.DE>, IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback
Message-ID: <20090617103142.GA20622@vacation.karoshi.com.>
References: <200906141835.n5EIZ0dD020925@stora.ogud.com> <87iqiy5ywv.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <200906150119.n5F1JE6b095216@stora.ogud.com> <4A3619FA.5090404@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090615211157.GD9397@x27.adm.denic.de> <3B043A63-0A2D-473D-B153-D78B2F1ACE68@hopcount.ca>
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On Tue, Jun 16, 2009 at 08:11:50AM -0400, Joe Abley wrote:
> 
> On 15-Jun-2009, at 17:11, Peter Koch wrote:
> 
> >Seconded, either way the dnssec-bis-updates document is the right  
> >place
> >to make this statement.  It's hard to unilaterally standardize the
> >reaction to a non-compliant query, anyway.
> 
> It sounds like you are wondering about how a recommendation such as  
> the one Olafur proposed could be deployed.
> 
> Are we mainly looking for a general solution to a potential general  
> threat (i.e. give implementers and hence authority-only server  
> operators an option if TCP query rates start to cause pain)?
> 
> Or is this a more tactical measure designed principally for use by  
> operators of infrastructure zones (the root, TLDs, etc)?
> 

	I'm ok with the idea that a rise in TCP transactions
	will occur ... what I am not comfortable with is the idea
	that it might be the case that the percentage of TCP
	traffic shifts dramatically... and that this shift can
	be directly correlated to the existance of non-compliant
	edge software.

	i am sorely tempted to pull out my majik DPI filtering 
	box and drop all DNS requests w/ DO=1 and buffsize lt. 1220

	this option seems like the only sane response by authority 
	servers who wish to deploy standards compliant software and
	zones.   Is there a valid reason to not encourage this 
	behaviour by all authoritative servers? 

	granted, we don't have very many datapoints yet, but the ones
	we do have are captivating.  perhaps Matt is right - there is
	nothing to worry about here - move along.  

--bill

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 17 06:05:56 2009
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To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
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From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Wed, 17 Jun 2009 10:31:42 GMT." <20090617103142.GA20622@vacation.karoshi.com.> 
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In message <20090617103142.GA20622@vacation.karoshi.com.>, bmanning@vacation.ka
roshi.com writes:
> On Tue, Jun 16, 2009 at 08:11:50AM -0400, Joe Abley wrote:
> > 
> > On 15-Jun-2009, at 17:11, Peter Koch wrote:
> > 
> > >Seconded, either way the dnssec-bis-updates document is the right  
> > >place
> > >to make this statement.  It's hard to unilaterally standardize the
> > >reaction to a non-compliant query, anyway.
> > 
> > It sounds like you are wondering about how a recommendation such as  
> > the one Olafur proposed could be deployed.
> > 
> > Are we mainly looking for a general solution to a potential general  
> > threat (i.e. give implementers and hence authority-only server  
> > operators an option if TCP query rates start to cause pain)?
> > 
> > Or is this a more tactical measure designed principally for use by  
> > operators of infrastructure zones (the root, TLDs, etc)?
> 
> 	I'm ok with the idea that a rise in TCP transactions
> 	will occur ... what I am not comfortable with is the idea
> 	that it might be the case that the percentage of TCP
> 	traffic shifts dramatically... and that this shift can
> 	be directly correlated to the existance of non-compliant
> 	edge software.

	Well if you have figures Bill, publish them.  All I've heard
	so far is conjecture.  I've asked for figures from those
	that should be able supply them but there has been a deafening
	silence.

	All I've heard is "There may be a problem".  No one as far
	as I can tell has looked at the existing traffic to workout
	what percentage of EDNS capable clients actually fall back
	to or have been configured to send EDNS queries at 512 vs
	those that ask with a bigger size.

	Is it 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 10%, 50% or 90%?

> 	i am sorely tempted to pull out my majik DPI filtering 
> 	box and drop all DNS requests w/ DO=1 and buffsize lt. 1220
>
> 	this option seems like the only sane response by authority 
> 	servers who wish to deploy standards compliant software and
> 	zones.   Is there a valid reason to not encourage this 
> 	behaviour by all authoritative servers? 
> 
> 	granted, we don't have very many datapoints yet, but the ones
> 	we do have are captivating.  perhaps Matt is right - there is
> 	nothing to worry about here - move along.  
> 
> --bill
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 17 06:41:24 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback 
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2009 06:36:27 -0700
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On Jun 17, 2009, at 6:00 AM, Mark Andrews wrote:
>
> 	Well if you have figures Bill, publish them.  All I've heard
> 	so far is conjecture.  I've asked for figures from those
> 	that should be able supply them but there has been a deafening
> 	silence.
>
> 	All I've heard is "There may be a problem".  No one as far
> 	as I can tell has looked at the existing traffic to workout
> 	what percentage of EDNS capable clients actually fall back
> 	to or have been configured to send EDNS queries at 512 vs
> 	those that ask with a bigger size.
>
> 	Is it 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 10%, 50% or 90%?

Here's the problem:

There are two possible reasons why an EDNS buffer of >1500B might be a  
problem.

The first is a middlebox which can't handle UDP fragmentation  
(including one parsing DNS).

The second is a middlebox which pareses DNS and can't handle EDNS or  
DNS packets >512B.

Correct me if I'm wrong, but Bind's fallback assumes the latter,  
correct?  If 4096b fails, it drops to 512B.  What market share is Bind  
of those resolvers supporting DNSSEC and EDNS?

Are there any resolvers which assume that it could be case one, and  
first drop the buffer size to ~1400B and only if that fails, to 512B?

Absent the resolver actively probing to determine cause, a resolver  
which doesn't assume case 2 is going to be problematic, so I would  
actually hope that if there is a single-step downgrade of EDNS buffer  
size, it drops to 512B.



I apologize for not thinking of the difference myself, the next  
version of netalyzr will have two separate tests, one for 1400B and  
one for 1800B, to distinguish the two cases.


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
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George Barwood wrote:

> All Zone administrators still need to be aware that oversize responses 
> are vulnerable to Dos attack ( by fragment and then the TCP fallback ).

How are servers today not vulnerable to a DDoS over TCP?  That is, what
does a large response size actually change for this risk?

- --Michael

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
References: <DC49CF133C054F64BAAFFCB4C97D662E@localhost> <56EBB938-6161-4979-877A-68A16FF6640C@cisco.com> <2952105F69714941AA49EE6CA6EC1F02@localhost> <30237F48-D593-4061-AC04-C59ED336897B@cisco.com> <534C2D6D7C184AFE9BE886E9FDAE33DD@localhost>
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George Barwood wrote:

> Mark Andrews has argued that if client and server software is modified
> to avoid fragmentation, and administrators take care to stay within certain 
> limits, the existing specification allows secure operation. While that may
> be true, IMO security should not depend on how well educated administrators 
> are, or the software being written in a very particular way.

Actually, well educated administrators is one major security step
forward, and software being written in a very particular way is another.
 :)  Those are pretty much required for any security plan to work
meaningfully.  After all, if your admin write down passwords on post-it
notes and stick them to windows, what's the point?

- --Michael

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George Barwood wrote:

> All Zone administrators still need to be aware that oversize responses 
> are vulnerable to Dos attack ( by fragment and then the TCP fallback ).

How are servers today not vulnerable to a DDoS over TCP?  That is, what
does a large response size actually change for this risk?

- --Michael

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
References: <DC49CF133C054F64BAAFFCB4C97D662E@localhost>  <56EBB938-6161-4979-877A-68A16FF6640C@cisco.com>  <57324.1245161996@nsa.vix.com> <80022C3C-A52E-40C9-AA86-68B8E010FD67@icsi.berkeley.edu> <4A37C388.2080702@isc.org> <05AA9768-3D35-4223-81BF-08D63A9AE4B4@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
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Nicholas Weaver wrote:
> 
> On Jun 16, 2009, at 9:08 AM, Michael Graff wrote:
> 
>> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
>> Hash: SHA1
>>
>> Nicholas Weaver wrote:
>>
>>> We don't have final numbers (heck, we're still collecting data, let
>>> alone analyzing it), but the number of resolvers which can't handle an
>>> 1800B DNS response even though they advertise EDNS support is shockingly
>>> large, as is the number of end hosts which can't directly request an
>>> 1800B DNS response.
>>
>> Careful there.  What specifically cannot handle it?  The resolver
>> itself?  Or some device between it and the authority?
> 
> 
> The test in question:
..
> It does not validate EDNS requested size, (but that is captured in
> another test), so it may exceed the advertised EDNS capacity of the
> server for this particular test.

So if someone advertises a 1000 byte packet size you still blast them
with 1800, and are surprised they cannot handle it?

I was more worried about your comments about the "resolvers cannot
handle" which I found to be inaccurate.  Your test as stated means you
are intentionally flooding them with more data and ignoring the EDNS
advertised size, unless I misread what you said.

Also, saying that the "resolver cannot handle" implies the resolver code
is broken, when I suspect it is often times a firewall external to the
resolving software.  That is, "a resolver does not receive fragmented
packets" is perhaps accurate, but "a resolver cannot handle" is probably
not.

I'm not picking on you, just wanting to make clear where the problem is,
and if your tools can do that awesome.  I like what you've done so far,
and am glad that my home connection as rated as close to perfect as I
can get it!

- --Michael

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
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[ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
   a non-subscriber, or because it was over 20K.  
   With the massive amount of spam, it is easy to miss and therefore 
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   Please fix your subscription addresses. ]

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Nicholas Weaver wrote:

> We don't have final numbers (heck, we're still collecting data, let
> alone analyzing it), but the number of resolvers which can't handle an
> 1800B DNS response even though they advertise EDNS support is shockingly
> large, as is the number of end hosts which can't directly request an
> 1800B DNS response.

Careful there.  What specifically cannot handle it?  The resolver
itself?  Or some device between it and the authority?

- --Michael

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Cc: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
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On Tue, Jun 16, 2009 at 11:45:54AM -0500, Michael Graff wrote:
> [ Moderators note: Post was moderated, either because it was posted by
>    a non-subscriber, or because it was over 20K.  
>    With the massive amount of spam, it is easy to miss and therefore 
>    delete relevant posts by non-subscribers. 
>    Please fix your subscription addresses. ]
> 
> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> Hash: SHA1
> 
> Nicholas Weaver wrote:
> > 
> > On Jun 16, 2009, at 9:08 AM, Michael Graff wrote:
> > 
> >> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> >> Hash: SHA1
> >>
> >> Nicholas Weaver wrote:
> >>
> >>> We don't have final numbers (heck, we're still collecting data, let
> >>> alone analyzing it), but the number of resolvers which can't handle an
> >>> 1800B DNS response even though they advertise EDNS support is shockingly
> >>> large, as is the number of end hosts which can't directly request an
> >>> 1800B DNS response.
> >>
> >> Careful there.  What specifically cannot handle it?  The resolver
> >> itself?  Or some device between it and the authority?
> > 
> > 
> > The test in question:
> ..
> > It does not validate EDNS requested size, (but that is captured in
> > another test), so it may exceed the advertised EDNS capacity of the
> > server for this particular test.
> 
> So if someone advertises a 1000 byte packet size you still blast them
> with 1800, and are surprised they cannot handle it?
> 
> I was more worried about your comments about the "resolvers cannot
> handle" which I found to be inaccurate.  Your test as stated means you
> are intentionally flooding them with more data and ignoring the EDNS
> advertised size, unless I misread what you said.
> 
> Also, saying that the "resolver cannot handle" implies the resolver code
> is broken, when I suspect it is often times a firewall external to the
> resolving software.  That is, "a resolver does not receive fragmented
> packets" is perhaps accurate, but "a resolver cannot handle" is probably
> not.


	so - a question there abt the resolver behaviour.
	once it enters the fall back mode, does it do incremental
	fall back e.g.  4096, 2048, 1400, 512 or does it make one
	huge leap, e.g.   4096 - 512 directly?

	and under what condititions does it leave fall-back and 
	retry with "normal" buffsize?

--bill

> 
> I'm not picking on you, just wanting to make clear where the problem is,
> and if your tools can do that awesome.  I like what you've done so far,
> and am glad that my home connection as rated as close to perfect as I
> can get it!
> 
> - --Michael
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From: =?ISO-8859-1?Q?Patrik_F=E4ltstr=F6m?= <paf@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
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On 16 jun 2009, at 18.45, Michael Graff wrote:

> So if someone advertises a 1000 byte packet size you still blast them
> with 1800, and are surprised they cannot handle it?

I want us to be careful with words here. EDNS0 is not advertising  
packet size, but IP buffer reassembly size. I still do not understand  
what people are worried about, but can guess a few alternatives:

1. ICMPv6 packet-too-big is not generated, or filtered or something so  
that the sending host will not fragment the packets correctly

2. People do not think fragmented packets are handled correctly so UDP  
payload size have to be less than MTU size all the time

If you are worried about (1), then set MTU to 1280 in your DNS server,  
and it will fragment the packets.

If you are worried about (2), then announce 1280 in EDNS0 size.

What are we talking about? I hope we are not designing to as broken  
networks as (2), but I can understand (1) because many tunnel  
endpoints might not (today) do the right thing with ICMPv6, or ICMP is  
not handled correctly in firewalls etc.

    Patrik


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To: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 17 Jun 2009 06:36:27 MST." <D749C1CE-62B5-480A-8A04-2852A91323E9@icsi.berkeley.edu> 
References: <200906171300.n5HD05jq043482@drugs.dv.isc.org>  <D749C1CE-62B5-480A-8A04-2852A91323E9@icsi.berkeley.edu> 
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> From: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
> Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2009 06:36:27 -0700
> ...
> There are two possible reasons why an EDNS buffer of >1500B might be a
> problem.
> 
> The first is a middlebox which can't handle UDP fragmentation  (including
> one parsing DNS).
> 
> The second is a middlebox which pareses DNS and can't handle EDNS or  DNS
> packets >512B.

for completeness, many middleboxes object to QR=0 && ARCOUNT!=0 regardless
of packet size.

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From doggedlyy@qd-delixi.com  Wed Jun 17 13:09:06 2009
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From: emu-request@ietf.org
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Subject: Lose weight Keep it off Acai Berry. 
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2009 17:08:55 -0300
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 17 14:49:09 2009
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From: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit 
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2009 14:40:55 -0700
References: <200906141835.n5EIZ0dD020925@stora.ogud.com> <87iqiy5ywv.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <200906150119.n5F1JE6b095216@stora.ogud.com> <4A3619FA.5090404@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090615211157.GD9397@x27.adm.denic.de> <3B043A63-0A2D-473D-B153-D78B2F1ACE68@hopcount.ca> <200906161440.n5GEegfx023035@stora.ogud.com>  <87ocsohxz6.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de>  <84444.1245180816@nsa.vix.com>
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On Jun 16, 2009, at 12:33 PM, Paul Vixie wrote:
> the query isn't broken.

In the strictest sense of RFC 4035, I guess I'd reluctantly have to  
agree.  Section 4.1 states:

"4.1. EDNS Support
A security-aware resolver MUST include an EDNS ([RFC2671]) OPT pseudo- 
RR with the DO ([RFC3225]) bit set when sending queries.
A security-aware resolver MUST support a message size of at least 1220  
octets, SHOULD support a message size of 4000 octets, and MUST use the  
"sender's UDP payload size" field in the EDNS OPT pseudo-RR to  
advertise the message size that it is willing to accept. ..."

One can read this as saying that while the security-aware resolver  
MUST support 1220 bytes, it doesn't have to advertise that fact.   
Since it MUST advertise a message size, it can, in fact, advertise  
anything it wants, including 512 bytes.

Of course, the whole point of the 1220 byte minimum was to try to  
reduce the number of queries that result in responses with TC set, so  
advertising a buffer size that will increase the number of responses  
with TC set seems counter-intuitive to me.

> the authors of the rfc in question have told me that DO means dnssec  
> would
> not cause the initiator to dump core, not that dnssec records are  
> desired.

To clarify, when I wrote 3225, I was aware of two name server  
implementations (one of which was relatively common) that had issues  
with the DNSSEC-related RRs so it was a factor. However, if you read  
3225, you'll note the rationale section leads with concerns about  
fallback to TCP, not core dumping.  That was intentional.  As numerous  
people pointed out, if your resolver core dumps based on input it gets  
from the network, it deserves to die.

In any event, preliminary results obtained while studying the impact  
of scaling up the root zone size (due to DNSSEC, IPv6, and new TLDs)  
on the "L" root server indicates the combination of DO=1 and a buffer  
size of 512 results in a small percentage increase in the number of  
TCP session initiations.  While the increase is well within the  
capacity of "L" to withstand, I will admit some nervousness.

Regards,
-drc


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 17 15:39:58 2009
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Bill and all,

  Non compliant edge software meaning what exactly?  Definition?

bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:

> On Tue, Jun 16, 2009 at 08:11:50AM -0400, Joe Abley wrote:
> >
> > On 15-Jun-2009, at 17:11, Peter Koch wrote:
> >
> > >Seconded, either way the dnssec-bis-updates document is the right
> > >place
> > >to make this statement.  It's hard to unilaterally standardize the
> > >reaction to a non-compliant query, anyway.
> >
> > It sounds like you are wondering about how a recommendation such as
> > the one Olafur proposed could be deployed.
> >
> > Are we mainly looking for a general solution to a potential general
> > threat (i.e. give implementers and hence authority-only server
> > operators an option if TCP query rates start to cause pain)?
> >
> > Or is this a more tactical measure designed principally for use by
> > operators of infrastructure zones (the root, TLDs, etc)?
> >
>
>         I'm ok with the idea that a rise in TCP transactions
>         will occur ... what I am not comfortable with is the idea
>         that it might be the case that the percentage of TCP
>         traffic shifts dramatically... and that this shift can
>         be directly correlated to the existance of non-compliant
>         edge software.
>
>         i am sorely tempted to pull out my majik DPI filtering
>         box and drop all DNS requests w/ DO=1 and buffsize lt. 1220
>
>         this option seems like the only sane response by authority
>         servers who wish to deploy standards compliant software and
>         zones.   Is there a valid reason to not encourage this
>         behaviour by all authoritative servers?
>
>         granted, we don't have very many datapoints yet, but the ones
>         we do have are captivating.  perhaps Matt is right - there is
>         nothing to worry about here - move along.
>
> --bill
>
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Regards,

Spokesman for INEGroup LLA. - (Over 284k members/stakeholders strong!)
"Obedience of the law is the greatest freedom" -
   Abraham Lincoln
"YES WE CAN!"  Barack ( Berry ) Obama

"Credit should go with the performance of duty and not with what is
very often the accident of glory" - Theodore Roosevelt

"If the probability be called P; the injury, L; and the burden, B;
liability depends upon whether B is less than L multiplied by
P: i.e., whether B is less than PL."
United States v. Carroll Towing  (159 F.2d 169 [2d Cir. 1947]
===============================================================
Updated 1/26/04
CSO/DIR. Internet Network Eng. SR. Eng. Network data security IDNS.
div. of Information Network Eng.  INEG. INC.
ABA member in good standing member ID 01257402 E-Mail
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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
Cc: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>, IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
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On Wed, Jun 17, 2009 at 02:40:55PM -0700, David Conrad wrote:
> On Jun 16, 2009, at 12:33 PM, Paul Vixie wrote:
> >the query isn't broken.
> 
> In the strictest sense of RFC 4035, I guess I'd reluctantly have to  
> agree.  Section 4.1 states:
> 
> "4.1. EDNS Support
> A security-aware resolver MUST include an EDNS ([RFC2671]) OPT pseudo- 
> RR with the DO ([RFC3225]) bit set when sending queries.
> A security-aware resolver MUST support a message size of at least 1220  
> octets, SHOULD support a message size of 4000 octets, and MUST use the  
> "sender's UDP payload size" field in the EDNS OPT pseudo-RR to  
> advertise the message size that it is willing to accept. ..."
> 
> One can read this as saying that while the security-aware resolver  
> MUST support 1220 bytes, it doesn't have to advertise that fact.   
> Since it MUST advertise a message size, it can, in fact, advertise  
> anything it wants, including 512 bytes.


	and, turning the stick around... a server that sees a DO=1
	and an advertized message size of less than the MUST of 1220
	octets is perfectly capable of interpreting the situation
	(MUST/MUST) and seeing (MUST-ok/MUST-fail) as a failure
	or hostile event... and refuse service.  

	one might argue that if buffsize is throttled to lt 1220
	octets, that a security aware resolver should reluctently
	crawl back to a non-secure state and not set DO=1 - since
	the infrastructure can't support the increased demand.


> 
> Of course, the whole point of the 1220 byte minimum was to try to  
> reduce the number of queries that result in responses with TC set, so  
> advertising a buffer size that will increase the number of responses  
> with TC set seems counter-intuitive to me.
> 
> >the authors of the rfc in question have told me that DO means dnssec  
> >would
> >not cause the initiator to dump core, not that dnssec records are  
> >desired.
> 
> To clarify, when I wrote 3225, I was aware of two name server  
> implementations (one of which was relatively common) that had issues  
> with the DNSSEC-related RRs so it was a factor. However, if you read  
> 3225, you'll note the rationale section leads with concerns about  
> fallback to TCP, not core dumping.  That was intentional.  As numerous  
> people pointed out, if your resolver core dumps based on input it gets  
> from the network, it deserves to die.
> 
> In any event, preliminary results obtained while studying the impact  
> of scaling up the root zone size (due to DNSSEC, IPv6, and new TLDs)  
> on the "L" root server indicates the combination of DO=1 and a buffer  
> size of 512 results in a small percentage increase in the number of  
> TCP session initiations.  While the increase is well within the  
> capacity of "L" to withstand, I will admit some nervousness.
> 
> Regards,
> -drc
> 
> 
> --
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From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Wed, 17 Jun 2009 06:36:27 MST." <D749C1CE-62B5-480A-8A04-2852A91323E9@icsi.berkeley.edu> 
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In message <D749C1CE-62B5-480A-8A04-2852A91323E9@icsi.berkeley.edu>, Nicholas W
eaver writes:
> 
> On Jun 17, 2009, at 6:00 AM, Mark Andrews wrote:
> >
> > 	Well if you have figures Bill, publish them.  All I've heard
> > 	so far is conjecture.  I've asked for figures from those
> > 	that should be able supply them but there has been a deafening
> > 	silence.
> >
> > 	All I've heard is "There may be a problem".  No one as far
> > 	as I can tell has looked at the existing traffic to workout
> > 	what percentage of EDNS capable clients actually fall back
> > 	to or have been configured to send EDNS queries at 512 vs
> > 	those that ask with a bigger size.
> >
> > 	Is it 0.01%, 0.1%, 1%, 10%, 50% or 90%?
> 
> Here's the problem:
> 
> There are two possible reasons why an EDNS buffer of >1500B might be a  
> problem.
> 
> The first is a middlebox which can't handle UDP fragmentation  
> (including one parsing DNS).
> 
> The second is a middlebox which pareses DNS and can't handle EDNS or  
> DNS packets >512B.
> 
> Correct me if I'm wrong, but Bind's fallback assumes the latter,  
> correct?  If 4096b fails, it drops to 512B.  What market share is Bind  
> of those resolvers supporting DNSSEC and EDNS?
> 
> Are there any resolvers which assume that it could be case one, and  
> first drop the buffer size to ~1400B and only if that fails, to 512B?

	There is no real benefit in doing that.  There are very few
	answers that actually result in fragmentation.  Turn on a
	packet dump an watch.  If the EDNS@4096 fails then EDNS@1200
	will almost certainly also fail or result in TC being set
	especially if you don't add the NS RRset to the DNSKEY
	response.  Recent versions of BIND set minimal-response for
	DNSKEY responses (DNSSKEY and RRSIG only only record).

> Absent the resolver actively probing to determine cause, a resolver  
> which doesn't assume case 2 is going to be problematic, so I would  
> actually hope that if there is a single-step downgrade of EDNS buffer  
> size, it drops to 512B.
> 
> 
> 
> I apologize for not thinking of the difference myself, the next  
> version of netalyzr will have two separate tests, one for 1400B and  
> one for 1800B, to distinguish the two cases.
> 
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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George and all,

  Nicely summed up.  Yep, these are about it...

George Barwood wrote:

> So trying to summarize, seems to me there are 2 sensible strategies for resolvers:
>
> (1) Try EDNS@1400 , fall back to TCP on truncation.
>
> Advantage: stops IP fragment spoofing.
>
> (2) Try EDNS@4000, fall back to TCP on truncation.
>
> Advantage: fall back to TCP very unlikely. May still drop some glue ( se needs 4444 ).
>
> (1) Should just about work without TCP fallback, provided servers do not send NS rrset on
> DNSKEY queries, and manage keys carefully. Fingers crossed.
>
> George
>
> [snip]¶‹§²æìr¸›zÇ§u©ž²Æ zÚ'jg®Šiz»+z«ž²Ú)²'­~ŠàÂ+a¶°¢·nžË›±Êâmè§jÈ§‚W¥Šwš²Ø^™ë,j­{[¡Üš­Èb½èm¶Ÿÿ¢›"z×è®åŠËlþv¦yÚè¦—«s/==

Regards,

Spokesman for INEGroup LLA. - (Over 284k members/stakeholders strong!)
"Obedience of the law is the greatest freedom" -
   Abraham Lincoln
"YES WE CAN!"  Barack ( Berry ) Obama

"Credit should go with the performance of duty and not with what is
very often the accident of glory" - Theodore Roosevelt

"If the probability be called P; the injury, L; and the burden, B;
liability depends upon whether B is less than L multiplied by
P: i.e., whether B is less than PL."
United States v. Carroll Towing  (159 F.2d 169 [2d Cir. 1947]
===============================================================
Updated 1/26/04
CSO/DIR. Internet Network Eng. SR. Eng. Network data security IDNS.
div. of Information Network Eng.  INEG. INC.
ABA member in good standing member ID 01257402 E-Mail
jwkckid1@ix.netcom.com
My Phone: 214-244-4827




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Message-Id: <912D35C2-6000-4835-9F29-C4AB8871F370@virtualized.org>
From: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
To: Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2009 18:12:33 -0700
References: <DC49CF133C054F64BAAFFCB4C97D662E@localhost> <56EBB938-6161-4979-877A-68A16FF6640C@cisco.com> <57324.1245161996@nsa.vix.com> <80022C3C-A52E-40C9-AA86-68B8E010FD67@icsi.berkeley.edu> <20090616211201.GD9023@dul1mcmlarson-l1.vcorp.ad.vrsn.com>
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On Jun 16, 2009, at 2:12 PM, Matt Larson wrote:
> I therefore maintain that if there were big problems, we would have
> heard about them by now.

We (or at least I) have been surprised twice now, the DO=1, buffer  
size=512 thing and the recent TCP session spike after the signing  
of .ORG.  Both of those were not fatal, but I dislike surprises when  
it comes to critical Internet infrastructure.

> This makes me feel better about the root,
> too: every day that goes by with more TLDs signed and no significant
> problems makes me that less worried about significant damage when the
> root is signed.

This topic is probably better addressed in DNSOP, but I will say that  
I continue to have concerns. The scope of the root zone is such that I  
am (perhaps overly) conservative when it comes to changes to that  
infrastructure. The fact that we have seen no significant damage as a  
result of signing some TLDs implying we will see no significant damage  
when we sign the root presupposes that the root is similar to those  
TLDs in all the ways that matter. I tend to agree that the lack of  
issues in signed TLDs is somewhat reassuring, but when you're dealing  
with infrastructure upon which national economies depend, I'd think  
we'd want to be sure rather than reassured.  I think it would be ...  
sub-optimal to sign the root, find out some non-trivial proportion of  
the Internet has issues, and as a result have to unsign the root.

(other bits about motherhood and apple pie deleted)

Regards,
-drc


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 17 18:54:42 2009
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To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
Cc: Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Wed, 17 Jun 2009 18:12:33 MST." <912D35C2-6000-4835-9F29-C4AB8871F370@virtualized.org> 
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In message <912D35C2-6000-4835-9F29-C4AB8871F370@virtualized.org>, David Conrad
 writes:
> On Jun 16, 2009, at 2:12 PM, Matt Larson wrote:
> > I therefore maintain that if there were big problems, we would have
> > heard about them by now.
> 
> We (or at least I) have been surprised twice now, the DO=1, buffer  
> size=512 thing and the recent TCP session spike after the signing  
> of .ORG.  Both of those were not fatal, but I dislike surprises when  
> it comes to critical Internet infrastructure.

A jump in TCP traffic should always have been expected.  A look a
the EDNS query sizes even if you ignore those < 1024 would have shown
that there would be a jump in TCP traffic.

http://www.nanog.org/meetings/nanog46/presentations/Wednesday/wessels_light_N46.pdf

has relevant data to this debate.   ORG's TCP traffic levels are
much larger than they need to be as the had a ttl of zero on DNSKEY
reponses when this data was sampled.

> > This makes me feel better about the root,
> > too: every day that goes by with more TLDs signed and no significant
> > problems makes me that less worried about significant damage when the
> > root is signed.
> 
> This topic is probably better addressed in DNSOP, but I will say that  
> I continue to have concerns. The scope of the root zone is such that I  
> am (perhaps overly) conservative when it comes to changes to that  
> infrastructure. The fact that we have seen no significant damage as a  
> result of signing some TLDs implying we will see no significant damage  
> when we sign the root presupposes that the root is similar to those  
> TLDs in all the ways that matter. I tend to agree that the lack of  
> issues in signed TLDs is somewhat reassuring, but when you're dealing  
> with infrastructure upon which national economies depend, I'd think  
> we'd want to be sure rather than reassured.  I think it would be ...  
> sub-optimal to sign the root, find out some non-trivial proportion of  
> the Internet has issues, and as a result have to unsign the root.
> 
> (other bits about motherhood and apple pie deleted)
> 
> Regards,
> -drc
> 
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
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-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 17 20:26:04 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
Date: Wed, 17 Jun 2009 20:19:25 -0700
References: <200906180147.n5I1lk2n056608@drugs.dv.isc.org>
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Mark,

On Jun 17, 2009, at 6:47 PM, Mark Andrews wrote:
> A jump in TCP traffic should always have been expected.

Yes, however a 600 fold increase is, at the very least, a bit  
surprising.

As I said, the issue isn't that stuff broke, rather that the  
unexpected happened.  The Internet isn't a toy anymore, it is critical  
infrastructure.  In my view, when mucking about with critical  
infrastructure, unexpected things are very bad.

Regards,
-drc




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From flowers@rocksrus.com  Wed Jun 17 21:45:48 2009
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To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
Cc: "Nicholas Weaver" <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>, "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>,  <bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com>, "IETF DNSEXT WG" <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback
References: <200906172321.n5HNLs8u053861@drugs.dv.isc.org> <6F67F25D205E46C8AE4CD531E62F52D1@localhost>
From: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 09:22:26 +0200
In-Reply-To: <6F67F25D205E46C8AE4CD531E62F52D1@localhost> (George Barwood's message of "Thu\, 18 Jun 2009 01\:19\:36 +0100")
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* George Barwood:

> (1) Try EDNS@1400 , fall back to TCP on truncation.
>
> Advantage: stops IP fragment spoofing.

No, it doesn't.  There's no minimum MTU for IPv4.

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
Cc: IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>, owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
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From: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 08:25:32 +0100
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> In the strictest sense of RFC 4035, I guess I'd reluctantly have to=20
> agree.  Section 4.1 states:
>=20
> "4.1. EDNS Support
> A security-aware resolver MUST include an EDNS ([RFC2671]) OPT pseudo-=20
> RR with the DO ([RFC3225]) bit set when sending queries.
> A security-aware resolver MUST support a message size of at least 1220=20
> octets, SHOULD support a message size of 4000 octets, and MUST use the=20
> "sender's UDP payload size" field in the EDNS OPT pseudo-RR to=20
> advertise the message size that it is willing to accept. ..."
>=20
> One can read this as saying that while the security-aware resolver=20
> MUST support 1220 bytes, it doesn't have to advertise that fact.=20
> Since it MUST advertise a message size, it can, in fact, advertise=20
> anything it wants, including 512 bytes.

It seems very clear to me:

1.  MUST include EDNS0, with DO=3D1
2.  MUST support >=3D 1220 (SHOULD support 4000)
3.  MUST say so

I'm struggling to parse the =A74.1 text in any way that would support an=20
alternate conclusion.

The only way to misinterpret this is if the phrases "MUST support a=20
message size of ..." and "the message size that it is willing to accept"=20
are taken to mean different things.  That's quite a twisting of the=20
language, and clearly not what the authors intended.

Ray


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<tt><font size=3D2><br>
&gt; In the strictest sense of RFC 4035, I guess I'd reluctantly have to
&nbsp;<br>
&gt; agree. &nbsp;Section 4.1 states:<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; &quot;4.1. EDNS Support<br>
&gt; A security-aware resolver MUST include an EDNS ([RFC2671]) OPT pseudo-
<br>
&gt; RR with the DO ([RFC3225]) bit set when sending queries.<br>
&gt; A security-aware resolver MUST support a message size of at least
1220 &nbsp;<br>
&gt; octets, SHOULD support a message size of 4000 octets, and MUST use
the &nbsp;<br>
&gt; &quot;sender's UDP payload size&quot; field in the EDNS OPT pseudo-RR
to &nbsp;<br>
&gt; advertise the message size that it is willing to accept. ...&quot;<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; One can read this as saying that while the security-aware resolver
&nbsp;<br>
&gt; MUST support 1220 bytes, it doesn't have to advertise that fact. &nbsp;
<br>
&gt; Since it MUST advertise a message size, it can, in fact, advertise
&nbsp;<br>
&gt; anything it wants, including 512 bytes.<br>
</font></tt>
<br><tt><font size=3D2>It seems very clear to me:</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=3D2>1. &nbsp;MUST include EDNS0, with DO=3D1</font></tt>
<br><tt><font size=3D2>2. &nbsp;MUST support &gt;=3D 1220 (SHOULD support 4=
000)</font></tt>
<br><tt><font size=3D2>3. &nbsp;MUST say so</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=3D2>I'm struggling to parse the =A74.1 text in any way t=
hat
would support an alternate conclusion.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=3D2>The only way to misinterpret this is if the phrases
&quot;MUST support a message size of ...&quot; and &quot;the message size
that it is willing to accept&quot; are taken to mean different things.
&nbsp;That's quite a twisting of the language, and clearly not what the
authors intended.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=3D2>Ray</font></tt>
<br>
<br>
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To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Cc: IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback
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From: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 08:33:34 +0100
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> > Are there any resolvers which assume that it could be case one, and 
> > first drop the buffer size to ~1400B and only if that fails, to 512B?
> 
>    There is no real benefit in doing that.  There are very few
>    answers that actually result in fragmentation.  Turn on a
>    packet dump an watch.  If the EDNS@4096 fails then EDNS@1200
>    will almost certainly also fail or result in TC being set
>    especially if you don't add the NS RRset to the DNSKEY
>    response.  Recent versions of BIND set minimal-response for
>    DNSKEY responses (DNSSKEY and RRSIG only only record).

I can't agree.

There's very clearly a number of large zones already sending signed 
packets in the 512 - ~1400 range.

It's simply not true to say that failure with EDNS@4096 makes failure with 
EDNS@1200 (or 1400) certain.  I've seen plenty of middleboxes that'll fail 
with the former, but work quite happily with the latter.

However I concede that my experience with this is with SOHO CPE (and 
therefore most likely affecting stub -> recursor).

Ray

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<tt><font size=2><br>
&gt; &gt; Are there any resolvers which assume that it could be case one,
and &nbsp;<br>
&gt; &gt; first drop the buffer size to ~1400B and only if that fails,
to 512B?<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;There is no real benefit in doing that. &nbsp;There are
very few<br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;answers that actually result in fragmentation. &nbsp;Turn
on a<br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;packet dump an watch. &nbsp;If the EDNS@4096 fails then
EDNS@1200<br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;will almost certainly also fail or result in TC being
set<br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;especially if you don't add the NS RRset to the DNSKEY<br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;response. &nbsp;Recent versions of BIND set minimal-response
for<br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;DNSKEY responses (DNSSKEY and RRSIG only only record).<br>
</font></tt>
<br><tt><font size=2>I can't agree.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>There's very clearly a number of large zones already
sending signed packets in the 512 - ~1400 range.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>It's simply not true to say that failure with EDNS@4096
makes failure with EDNS@1200 (or 1400) certain. &nbsp;I've seen plenty
of middleboxes that'll fail with the former, but work quite happily with
the latter.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>However I concede that my experience with this is
with SOHO CPE (and therefore most likely affecting stub -&gt; recursor).</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>Ray</font></tt>
<br>
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To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
Cc: Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com>,  namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
References: <DC49CF133C054F64BAAFFCB4C97D662E@localhost> <56EBB938-6161-4979-877A-68A16FF6640C@cisco.com> <57324.1245161996@nsa.vix.com> <80022C3C-A52E-40C9-AA86-68B8E010FD67@icsi.berkeley.edu> <20090616211201.GD9023@dul1mcmlarson-l1.vcorp.ad.vrsn.com> <912D35C2-6000-4835-9F29-C4AB8871F370@virtualized.org>
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* David Conrad:

> This topic is probably better addressed in DNSOP, but I will say that
> I continue to have concerns. The scope of the root zone is such that I
> am (perhaps overly) conservative when it comes to changes to that
> infrastructure.

The signed root can reside on different IP addresses (and names), so
that recursors can opt in gradually.  The operator only has to install
another hints file when the trust anchor is configured.  This has been
attempted before with DO, but perhaps this time, it's possible to do
it right.

No other zone has this option.  It might not be politically feasible
for the root, either---I don't know.

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 18 05:11:14 2009
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To: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk
Cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 18 Jun 2009 08:33:34 +0100." <OFDA7B6F88.9308EB3F-ON802575D9.0028E53F-802575D9.00298681@nominet.org.uk> 
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In message <OFDA7B6F88.9308EB3F-ON802575D9.0028E53F-802575D9.00298681@nominet.o
rg.uk>, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk writes:

> > > Are there any resolvers which assume that it could be case one, and 
> > > first drop the buffer size to ~1400B and only if that fails, to 512B?
> > 
> >    There is no real benefit in doing that.  There are very few
> >    answers that actually result in fragmentation.  Turn on a
> >    packet dump an watch.  If the EDNS@4096 fails then EDNS@1200
> >    will almost certainly also fail or result in TC being set
> >    especially if you don't add the NS RRset to the DNSKEY
> >    response.  Recent versions of BIND set minimal-response for
> >    DNSKEY responses (DNSSKEY and RRSIG only only record).
> 
> I can't agree.
> 
> There's very clearly a number of large zones already sending signed 
> packets in the 512 - ~1400 range.

	Yes and they all get through without fragmentation with a
	EDNS UDP size of 4096.

> It's simply not true to say that failure with EDNS@4096 makes failure with 
> EDNS@1200 (or 1400) certain.  I've seen plenty of middleboxes that'll fail 
> with the former, but work quite happily with the latter.

	They work because they got a answer back not because of the
	size of the answer.

	For DNSKEY SE it make not a bit of difference if I set the
	bufsize to 512 or 1400.  I still need to fallback to TCP
	to get the answer if I can't get fragmented packets through.

; <<>> DiG 9.6.1 <<>> dnskey se +dnssec +bufsize=1400 +ignore
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 30556
;; flags: qr tc rd ra ad; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 5, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags: do; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;se.				IN	DNSKEY

;; ANSWER SECTION:
se.			2354	IN	DNSKEY	256 3 5 AwEAAc9B2MqxtXW/bQUYBV5zHf1z8e8MRSVWleDlQ3XZaOMlki4g4qdX hJ2rHN69ZzmvMj2DjTvLd8lMTN54NiHntofBIg0ZJ9pi0pcDemeeVQ7B h7T1OYzaM2rnId7xfSaoXBdX+6tMhkB/3CXM/cgqgar33emkhzdPUDdS 8FYNBGuL
se.			2354	IN	DNSKEY	257 3 5 AwEAAdKc1sGsbv5jjeJ141IxNSTdR+nbtFn+JKQpvFZETaY5iMutoyWH a+jCp0TBBAzB2trGHzdi7E55FFzbeG0r+G6SJbJ4DXYSpiiELPiu0i+j Pp3C3kNwiqpPpQHWaYDS9MTQMu/QZHR/sFPbUnsK30fuQbKKkKgnADms 0aXalYUuCgDyVMjdxRLz5yzLoaSO9m5ii5cI0dQNCjexvj9M4ec6woi6 +N8v1pOmQAQ9at5Fd8A6tAxZI8tdlEUnXYgNwb8eVZEWsgXtBhoyAru7 Tzw+F6ToYq6hmKhfsT+fIhFXsYso7L4nYUqTnM4VOZgNhcTv+qVQkHfO OeJKUkNB8Qc=
se.			2354	IN	DNSKEY	257 3 5 AwEAAeeGE5unuosN3c8tBcj1/q4TQEwzfNY0GK6kxMVZ1wcTkypSExLC BPMS0wWkrA1n7t5hcM86VD94L8oEd9jnHdjxreguOZYEBWkckajU0tBW wEPMoEwepknpB14la1wy3xR95PMt9zWceiqaYOLEujFAqe6F3tQ14lP6 FdFL9wyCflV06K1ww+gQxYRDo6h+Wejguvpeg33KRzFtlwvbF3AapH2G XCi4Ok2+PO2ckzfKoikIe9ZOXfrCbG9ml2iQrRNSM4q3zGhuly4NrF/t 9s9jakbWzd4PM1Q551XIEphRGyqcbA2JTU3/mcUVKfgrH7nxaPz5DoUB 7TKYyQgsTlc=
se.			2354	IN	DNSKEY	256 3 5 AwEAAa03g6eUym7QeFGEt0wx88nUcQmqnRRoUos95ICScmAgXimeiIhA pAOTWUrrybMyCOVgeFH8oovLoR8UR3YmScloECOU/EZQ4gLXGtL74HlO X8hw0HhlkOXNfSlxWZBTOOQn2Rf9yS3xWZ+ciLTqgj9SFxKr4n0AT6sy rWYFt4jJ
se.			2354	IN	DNSKEY	256 3 5 AwEAAcZN0OVaokJAtEiVGan/g3J3gOeYx7BCLTX1RuaWPHmPKROR7nfU a2Hc7Glpdtofk/uk5Aeiq9BKAAavke7Abr35cPXxOIdxdX65K4se1Iqe YpX+oW66xsn87WV89t1yPS67/nqFP5tcHnRnqA3lXGDlcfkjEsMQwY/M flQSVIkl

;; Query time: 9 msec
;; SERVER: 127.0.0.1#53(127.0.0.1)
;; WHEN: Thu Jun 18 21:41:04 2009
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 1027

	Yes there will be examples where truncating the additional section
	will allow the answer to just squeeze in.  I'm just saying there
	isn't much benefit in doing it.

	Mark

> However I concede that my experience with this is with SOHO CPE (and 
> therefore most likely affecting stub -> recursor).
> 
> Ray
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
Cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Wed, 17 Jun 2009 20:19:25 MST." <EE43D54B-D5E0-4092-9A65-2CA81E8A53D1@virtualized.org> 
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In message <EE43D54B-D5E0-4092-9A65-2CA81E8A53D1@virtualized.org>, David Conrad
 writes:
> Mark,
> 
> On Jun 17, 2009, at 6:47 PM, Mark Andrews wrote:
> > A jump in TCP traffic should always have been expected.
> 
> Yes, however a 600 fold increase is, at the very least, a bit  
> surprising.

	With a little tuning it will come down a lot.
 
> As I said, the issue isn't that stuff broke, rather that the  
> unexpected happened.  The Internet isn't a toy anymore, it is critical  
> infrastructure.  In my view, when mucking about with critical  
> infrastructure, unexpected things are very bad.
> 
> Regards,
> -drc
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 18 07:09:34 2009
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References: Your message of "Thu, 18 Jun 2009 08:33:34 +0100."             <OFDA7B6F88.9308EB3F-ON802575D9.0028E53F-802575D9.00298681@nominet.org.uk> <200906181206.n5IC6C4b002440@drugs.dv.isc.org>
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Cc: IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>, owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback
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> > There's very clearly a number of large zones already sending signed 
> > packets in the 512 - ~1400 range.
> 
>    Yes and they all get through without fragmentation with a
>    EDNS UDP size of 4096.
> 
> > It's simply not true to say that failure with EDNS@4096 makes failure 
with 
> > EDNS@1200 (or 1400) certain.  I've seen plenty of middleboxes that'll 
fail 
> > with the former, but work quite happily with the latter.
> 
>    They work because they got a answer back not because of the
>    size of the answer.

That's not the point

If an initial >1472 byte response is completely lost because of 
fragmentation, then as I understand it the recursor will drop down to 
EDNS0/512 for subsequent queries (forever?) even if those queries might 
have succeeded at something between 512 and 1472 bytes.

Currently those subsequent EDNS0/512 queries will result in TC=1, and 
retry over TCP.  If the recursor had retried at EDNS0/1440 that wouldn't 
happen.

Ray




--=_alternative 004D321F802575D9_=
Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII"

<tt><font size=2><br>
&gt; &gt; There's very clearly a number of large zones already sending
signed <br>
&gt; &gt; packets in the 512 - ~1400 range.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;Yes and they all get through without fragmentation with
a<br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;EDNS UDP size of 4096.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; &gt; It's simply not true to say that failure with EDNS@4096 makes
failure with <br>
&gt; &gt; EDNS@1200 (or 1400) certain. &nbsp;I've seen plenty of middleboxes
that'll fail <br>
&gt; &gt; with the former, but work quite happily with the latter.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;They work because they got a answer back not because
of the<br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;size of the answer.<br>
</font></tt>
<br><tt><font size=2>That's not the point</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>If an initial &gt;1472 byte response is completely
lost because of fragmentation, then as I understand it the recursor will
drop down to EDNS0/512 for subsequent queries (forever?) even if those
queries might have succeeded at something between 512 and 1472 bytes.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>Currently those subsequent EDNS0/512 queries will
result in TC=1, and retry over TCP. &nbsp;If the recursor had retried at
EDNS0/1440 that wouldn't happen.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>Ray</font></tt>
<br>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2><br>
</font></tt>
--=_alternative 004D321F802575D9_=--

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Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 11:10:35 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
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[no hat]

On Wed, Jun 17, 2009 at 02:40:55PM -0700, David Conrad wrote:

> One can read this as saying that while the security-aware resolver MUST 
> support 1220 bytes, it doesn't have to advertise that fact.  Since it 
> MUST advertise a message size, it can, in fact, advertise anything it 
> wants, including 512 bytes.

If that is true, then what it really means is that the advertisement
of the message size is unrelated to the actual message size the
resolver actually can support.  This strikes me as at the very least a
strained reading of the RFCs.  Perhaps the IETF needs a truth in
advertising BCP, but I'd hate to think we had that many protocol
lawyers around.

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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To: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
Cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>,  IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
References: <200906180147.n5I1lk2n056608@drugs.dv.isc.org> <EE43D54B-D5E0-4092-9A65-2CA81E8A53D1@virtualized.org>
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In-Reply-To: <EE43D54B-D5E0-4092-9A65-2CA81E8A53D1@virtualized.org> (David Conrad's message of "Wed\, 17 Jun 2009 20\:19\:25 -0700")
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* David Conrad:

> Mark,
>
> On Jun 17, 2009, at 6:47 PM, Mark Andrews wrote:
>> A jump in TCP traffic should always have been expected.
>
> Yes, however a 600 fold increase is, at the very least, a bit
> surprising.

Uh-oh.  Has it decreased after the DNSKEY TTL fix?

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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References: <200906141835.n5EIZ0dD020925@stora.ogud.com> <87iqiy5ywv.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <200906150119.n5F1JE6b095216@stora.ogud.com> <4A3619FA.5090404@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090615211157.GD9397@x27.adm.denic.de> <3B043A63-0A2D-473D-B153-D78B2F1ACE68@hopcount.ca> <200906161440.n5GEegfx023035@stora.ogud.com> <87ocsohxz6.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <84444.1245180816@nsa.vix.com> <6F2A3EEF-9004-4810-A7DE-3568136D4F25@virtualized.org> <20090618151034.GG3542@shinkuro.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 11:46:48 -0400
To: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
From: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Subject: [dnsext] Does RFC 3226 require DO=1 ==> bufsize over 1219? was Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
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At 11:10 -0400 6/18/09, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
>[no hat]
>
>On Wed, Jun 17, 2009 at 02:40:55PM -0700, David Conrad wrote:
>
>>  One can read this as saying that while the security-aware resolver MUST
>>  support 1220 bytes, it doesn't have to advertise that fact.  Since it
>>  MUST advertise a message size, it can, in fact, advertise anything it
>>  wants, including 512 bytes.
>
>If that is true, then what it really means is that the advertisement
>of the message size is unrelated to the actual message size the
>resolver actually can support.  This strikes me as at the very least a
>strained reading of the RFCs.  Perhaps the IETF needs a truth in
>advertising BCP, but I'd hate to think we had that many protocol
>lawyers around.

Given my experience with implementers who don't pay attention to the 
IETF's daily soap opera, I support David's statement above.  When you 
read the RFCs "cold" and try to write code you find the RFCs are 
pretty poorly done and neglectfully maintained.

(As one case in point, the RFC 1996 for NOTIFY, section 3.7 describes 
a feature that was silently deprecated 10 years ago - no one bothered 
to update the Proposed Standard document.)

I've adopted an personal informal rule - if the RFC is more than 5 
years old and BIND doesn't do it in the current version, consider the 
feature deprecated.  So in this case, I'd expect to see DO=1 and 
bufsize under 1220.  As far as RFC 3226, I recall a few years ago 
arguing that it didn't apply to IPv6 because it referenced A6 and not 
AAAA.

-- 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Edward Lewis
NeuStar                    You can leave a voice message at +1-571-434-5468

As with IPv6, the problem with the deployment of frictionless surfaces is
that they're not getting traction.

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To: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>, David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
From: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
Cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
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References: <200906180147.n5I1lk2n056608@drugs.dv.isc.org> <EE43D54B-D5E0-4092-9A65-2CA81E8A53D1@virtualized.org> <82bpolin94.fsf@mid.bfk.de>
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At 11:18 18/06/2009, Florian Weimer wrote:
>* David Conrad:
>
> > Mark,
> >
> > On Jun 17, 2009, at 6:47 PM, Mark Andrews wrote:
> >> A jump in TCP traffic should always have been expected.
> >
> > Yes, however a 600 fold increase is, at the very least, a bit
> > surprising.
>
>Uh-oh.  Has it decreased after the DNSKEY TTL fix?

Will not help a lot, There are more negative answers than retries by 
validators to get DNSKEY RRset.
Minimum negative answer is 999 bytes. (qname = 3.org)
I.e. all the 512 and DO=1 queries for bad name will get truncated answer.

The only TLD where min buff size of 12xx will not help is .gov
their minimum negative answer is almost 1500 bytes.

         Olafur


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 09:01:25 -0700
References: <200906180147.n5I1lk2n056608@drugs.dv.isc.org> <EE43D54B-D5E0-4092-9A65-2CA81E8A53D1@virtualized.org> <82bpolin94.fsf@mid.bfk.de>
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On Jun 18, 2009, at 8:18 AM, Florian Weimer wrote:

> * David Conrad:
>
>> Mark,
>>
>> On Jun 17, 2009, at 6:47 PM, Mark Andrews wrote:
>>> A jump in TCP traffic should always have been expected.
>>
>> Yes, however a 600 fold increase is, at the very least, a bit
>> surprising.
>
> Uh-oh.  Has it decreased after the DNSKEY TTL fix?

The other thing: this could be done not as a flag day, but roulette:

Start with 1% of the responses which request DNSSEC getting the signed  
response.  Ramp this up.  This would allow understanding what the  
impact is going to be, without having an oh-crap moment.


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
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* Nicholas Weaver:

> Start with 1% of the responses which request DNSSEC getting the signed
> response.  Ramp this up.  This would allow understanding what the
> impact is going to be, without having an oh-crap moment.

I don't think it's possible anymore to publish inconsistently signed
production zones without ill effects.  Deliberately returning
inconsistent data certainly doesn't help with debugging.

(Perhaps you actually wanted to send this in reply to
<82hbydn70l.fsf@mid.bfk.de>?)

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 12:11:33 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: [dnsext] Re: Does RFC 3226 require DO=1 ==> bufsize over 1219? was Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
Message-ID: <20090618161133.GK3542@shinkuro.com>
References: <200906150119.n5F1JE6b095216@stora.ogud.com> <4A3619FA.5090404@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090615211157.GD9397@x27.adm.denic.de> <3B043A63-0A2D-473D-B153-D78B2F1ACE68@hopcount.ca> <200906161440.n5GEegfx023035@stora.ogud.com> <87ocsohxz6.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <84444.1245180816@nsa.vix.com> <6F2A3EEF-9004-4810-A7DE-3568136D4F25@virtualized.org> <20090618151034.GG3542@shinkuro.com> <a06240803c6600e988d1c@[10.31.201.162]>
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On Thu, Jun 18, 2009 at 11:46:48AM -0400, Edward Lewis wrote:

>> If that is true, then what it really means is that the advertisement
>> of the message size is unrelated to the actual message size the
>> resolver actually can support.  This strikes me as at the very least a
>> strained reading of the RFCs.  Perhaps the IETF needs a truth in
>> advertising BCP, but I'd hate to think we had that many protocol
>> lawyers around.
>
> Given my experience with implementers who don't pay attention to the  
> IETF's daily soap opera, I support David's statement above.  When you  
> read the RFCs "cold" and try to write code you find the RFCs are pretty 
> poorly done and neglectfully maintained.

[no hat]
While I think you can find lots of examples to illustrat that
position, this one strikes me as a particularly poor one.  Only
someone who had already made up his or her mind to do what they wanted
would imagine that "advertising your message size" means anything
other than "advertise the message size you can accept".  What possible
purpose would an advertisement for some other size serve?  

Now, you might argue that in this case it serves your best guess of
what the _deployed_ settings of your system actually can handle (since
those deployed settings include the network gear in front of the
resolver).  But in that case, what you're saying is that you do not,
as deployed, support a message size larger than 512.  In which case,
you're telling the truth in some sense, and it happens that as
deployed, you're not in a position to do what DNSSEC needs over UDP.
Of course, if it's true that almost all existing networks fall into
this category, then it means that DNSSEC is just not deployable over
UDP, and we're out of luck.

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
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References: <200906180147.n5I1lk2n056608@drugs.dv.isc.org> <EE43D54B-D5E0-4092-9A65-2CA81E8A53D1@virtualized.org> <82bpolin94.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <C793AE76-3777-4C91-AEF5-83FF11D51E98@icsi.berkeley.edu> <82zlc5h6eu.fsf@mid.bfk.de>
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On Jun 18, 2009, at 9:07 AM, Florian Weimer wrote:

> * Nicholas Weaver:
>
>> Start with 1% of the responses which request DNSSEC getting the =20
>> signed
>> response.  Ramp this up.  This would allow understanding what the
>> impact is going to be, without having an oh-crap moment.
>
> I don't think it's possible anymore to publish inconsistently signed
> production zones without ill effects.  Deliberately returning
> inconsistent data certainly doesn't help with debugging.

It could be deterministic based on IP.

The thing is, a lot of resolvers request DNSSEC information without =20
USING it, and once the root is signed, it will still be a while before =20=

the resolvers actually are able to use this information.

Thus randomization is probably better than a flag day: you test how =20
the resolvers are going to behave in a ramp-up fashion that can be =20
rolled back, and you take advantage of the observation that >1/2 the =20
recursive resolvers are asking for DNSSEC records, but on the initial =20=

rollout, most will be unable to use it anyway.




>
> (Perhaps you actually wanted to send this in reply to
> <82hbydn70l.fsf@mid.bfk.de>?)
>
> --=20
> Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
> BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
> Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
> D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99
>


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Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 12:21:15 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: [dnsext] On RFC maintenance and reference implementations (was: Does RFC 3226. . .)
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References: <200906150119.n5F1JE6b095216@stora.ogud.com> <4A3619FA.5090404@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090615211157.GD9397@x27.adm.denic.de> <3B043A63-0A2D-473D-B153-D78B2F1ACE68@hopcount.ca> <200906161440.n5GEegfx023035@stora.ogud.com> <87ocsohxz6.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <84444.1245180816@nsa.vix.com> <6F2A3EEF-9004-4810-A7DE-3568136D4F25@virtualized.org> <20090618151034.GG3542@shinkuro.com> <a06240803c6600e988d1c@[10.31.201.162]>
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[Co-chair hat on]

On Thu, Jun 18, 2009 at 11:46:48AM -0400, Edward Lewis wrote:

> (As one case in point, the RFC 1996 for NOTIFY, section 3.7 describes a 
> feature that was silently deprecated 10 years ago - no one bothered to 
> update the Proposed Standard document.)
>
> I've adopted an personal informal rule - if the RFC is more than 5 years 
> old and BIND doesn't do it in the current version, consider the feature 
> deprecated.  So in this case, I'd expect to see DO=1 and bufsize under 
> 1220.  As far as RFC 3226, I recall a few years ago arguing that it 
> didn't apply to IPv6 because it referenced A6 and not AAAA.

Speaking only for myself, but in my role as chair, I am both depressed
and alarmed by the above two paragraphs.

If we have "silently deprecated" a feature, it'd be awful nice to see
someone write up the maintenance draft.  I don't note that such a
draft is floating around, but maybe I'm missing it.

But I'm more concerned about the second paragraph.  If the answer,
even for DNS experts with long experience, to "How should this work?"
is "What does BIND do?", then it seems to me we're wasting everyone's
time and energy here.  We can just let ISC do what it wants, and
everyone else can follow that.

This is particularly troubling in the current case, since the present
dispute is in fact partly about behaviour in BIND. 

If a significant portion of the DNS community has a silent rule that
one implementation is actually _the_ reference implementation, we're
doing a huge disservice to the Internet community generally by
pretending otherwise.  I sort of find this hard to believe, and I
rather hope it's false, but actually knowing would be better than
hope.

I am therefore curious to know whether others have the same informal
rule as Ed.  Feel free to send me mail off-list if you don't feel
comfortable saying so on-list.

Best regards,

Andrew

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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To: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
Cc: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>,  Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
References: <200906180147.n5I1lk2n056608@drugs.dv.isc.org> <EE43D54B-D5E0-4092-9A65-2CA81E8A53D1@virtualized.org> <82bpolin94.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <C793AE76-3777-4C91-AEF5-83FF11D51E98@icsi.berkeley.edu> <82zlc5h6eu.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <D5ABC135-FA65-4B23-8B6E-327C47C92816@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
From: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 18:21:50 +0200
In-Reply-To: <D5ABC135-FA65-4B23-8B6E-327C47C92816@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU> (Nicholas Weaver's message of "Thu\, 18 Jun 2009 09\:17\:29 -0700")
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* Nicholas Weaver:

>> I don't think it's possible anymore to publish inconsistently signed
>> production zones without ill effects.  Deliberately returning
>> inconsistent data certainly doesn't help with debugging.
>
> It could be deterministic based on IP.

Currently it's not necessary that you flush your cache if your egress
IP address changes. 8-/

> The thing is, a lot of resolvers request DNSSEC information without
> USING it, and once the root is signed, it will still be a while before
> the resolvers actually are able to use this information.

There's a better solution for that, see my other message: use distinct
hints (with distinct names and addresses for the root servers).

This only works for the root, of course.  Something like DLVNS could
work for others (and DLVNS would also be handy for implementing
Leyen-type DNS policies).

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Cc: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>,  Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
References: <200906180147.n5I1lk2n056608@drugs.dv.isc.org> <EE43D54B-D5E0-4092-9A65-2CA81E8A53D1@virtualized.org> <82bpolin94.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <200906181558.n5IFwKdZ008898@stora.ogud.com>
From: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 18:40:19 +0200
In-Reply-To: <200906181558.n5IFwKdZ008898@stora.ogud.com> (Olafur Gudmundsson's message of "Thu\, 18 Jun 2009 11\:58\:11 -0400")
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* Olafur Gudmundsson:

> At 11:18 18/06/2009, Florian Weimer wrote:
>>* David Conrad:
>>
>> > Mark,
>> >
>> > On Jun 17, 2009, at 6:47 PM, Mark Andrews wrote:
>> >> A jump in TCP traffic should always have been expected.
>> >
>> > Yes, however a 600 fold increase is, at the very least, a bit
>> > surprising.
>>
>>Uh-oh.  Has it decreased after the DNSKEY TTL fix?
>
> Will not help a lot, There are more negative answers than retries by
> validators to get DNSKEY RRset.
> Minimum negative answer is 999 bytes. (qname =3D 3.org)
> I.e. all the 512 and DO=3D1 queries for bad name will get truncated answe=
r.

If the answer size is < 1200 bytes, I don't expect the
DO=3D1/bufsize=3D512 fallback to trigger at all.

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 18 09:48:10 2009
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To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Cc: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>,  Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024
References: <200906090027.n590Qxuv064919@drugs.dv.isc.org>
From: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 18:45:14 +0200
In-Reply-To: <200906090027.n590Qxuv064919@drugs.dv.isc.org> (Mark Andrews's message of "Tue\, 09 Jun 2009 10\:26\:59 +1000")
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* Mark Andrews:

>> Last time I checked, the roots (except one) did not perform PMTUD, so
>> fragmentation is not under their control.  Many DNS servers send the
>> final fragment first anyway.  This is not very likely to change.
>
> I beg to differ.  8 of the roots are performing PMTU discovery over IPv4/=
UDP.
> Whether the operators are aware of this or not is another matter.  This c=
an
> usually be disabled at the the application layer.

AFAICT, it can't.  You might not send out PMTUD probe messages, but
this doesn't prevent the stack from processing unsolicited answers and
applying the result to the packets you send.

> 09:57:54.387361 198.41.0.4.53 > 211.30.172.21.64982:  24664*- 1/13/11 SOA=
 (497) (DF)

You also need to check if the ICMP "fragmentation needed but DF bit
set" message is processed by the server.

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 18 10:09:36 2009
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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: Does RFC 3226 require DO=1 ==> bufsize over 1219? was Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
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References: <4A3619FA.5090404@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090615211157.GD9397@x27.adm.denic.de> <3B043A63-0A2D-473D-B153-D78B2F1ACE68@hopcount.ca> <200906161440.n5GEegfx023035@stora.ogud.com> <87ocsohxz6.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <84444.1245180816@nsa.vix.com> <6F2A3EEF-9004-4810-A7DE-3568136D4F25@virtualized.org> <20090618151034.GG3542@shinkuro.com> <a06240803c6600e988d1c@[10.31.201.162]> <20090618161133.GK3542@shinkuro.com>
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On Thu, Jun 18, 2009 at 12:11:33PM -0400, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
> On Thu, Jun 18, 2009 at 11:46:48AM -0400, Edward Lewis wrote:
> 
> >> If that is true, then what it really means is that the advertisement
> >> of the message size is unrelated to the actual message size the
> >> resolver actually can support.  This strikes me as at the very least a
> >> strained reading of the RFCs.  Perhaps the IETF needs a truth in
> >> advertising BCP, but I'd hate to think we had that many protocol
> >> lawyers around.
> >
> > Given my experience with implementers who don't pay attention to the  
> > IETF's daily soap opera, I support David's statement above.  When you  
> > read the RFCs "cold" and try to write code you find the RFCs are pretty 
> > poorly done and neglectfully maintained.
> 
> [no hat]
> While I think you can find lots of examples to illustrat that
> position, this one strikes me as a particularly poor one.  Only
> someone who had already made up his or her mind to do what they wanted
> would imagine that "advertising your message size" means anything
> other than "advertise the message size you can accept".  What possible
> purpose would an advertisement for some other size serve?  
> 
> Now, you might argue that in this case it serves your best guess of
> what the _deployed_ settings of your system actually can handle (since
> those deployed settings include the network gear in front of the
> resolver).  But in that case, what you're saying is that you do not,
> as deployed, support a message size larger than 512.  In which case,
> you're telling the truth in some sense, and it happens that as
> deployed, you're not in a position to do what DNSSEC needs over UDP.
> Of course, if it's true that almost all existing networks fall into
> this category, then it means that DNSSEC is just not deployable over
> UDP, and we're out of luck.

	you've just lept to a conclusion.

	DNSSEC is deployable over UDP.  DNSSEC is not feasable
	if some helpful box/app between the validator and authority
	server decides to arbitrarily throttle the infrastructure capaibility.
	
	i'm kind of interested in the second stage event, when the pushback
	to TCP occurs and then the very helpful box/app inthe middle decides that
	NO, port 53 over TCP is not supported either.

	the problem is the cruft in between the validator and authoritive server.
	not UDP.

	the 512 limiter is in some respects like a bandwidth limiter.  what kinds
	of hoops would we have had to jump through if there was general kowtowing
	to the fact that it was too expensive to upgrade core links from 64Kbit.
	or that 64K Ram was a hard limit.  we have put buffer size negotiation 
	in endsystems and are finding that others have placed rate/service limiters
	inbetween these endsystems.  

	the proper pressure here is to affect changes in those rate/service limiters
	to allow the DNSSEC capability to be expressed/used.

-- bill

> 
> A
> 
> -- 
> Andrew Sullivan
> ajs@shinkuro.com
> Shinkuro, Inc.
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 18 10:11:26 2009
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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] On RFC maintenance and reference implementations (was: Does RFC 3226. . .)
Message-ID: <20090618170647.GB1559@vacation.karoshi.com.>
References: <4A3619FA.5090404@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090615211157.GD9397@x27.adm.denic.de> <3B043A63-0A2D-473D-B153-D78B2F1ACE68@hopcount.ca> <200906161440.n5GEegfx023035@stora.ogud.com> <87ocsohxz6.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <84444.1245180816@nsa.vix.com> <6F2A3EEF-9004-4810-A7DE-3568136D4F25@virtualized.org> <20090618151034.GG3542@shinkuro.com> <a06240803c6600e988d1c@[10.31.201.162]> <20090618162115.GL3542@crankycanuck.ca>
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 BIND has been touted as -the- DNS reference implementation.

 which might have been true at one time, but is patently no longer
 the case; e.g.  no A6 support anymore, non-spec DLV, non compliance 
 with RFC 3226... the list is long and growing.

--bill


On Thu, Jun 18, 2009 at 12:21:15PM -0400, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
> [Co-chair hat on]
> 
> On Thu, Jun 18, 2009 at 11:46:48AM -0400, Edward Lewis wrote:
> 
> > (As one case in point, the RFC 1996 for NOTIFY, section 3.7 describes a 
> > feature that was silently deprecated 10 years ago - no one bothered to 
> > update the Proposed Standard document.)
> >
> > I've adopted an personal informal rule - if the RFC is more than 5 years 
> > old and BIND doesn't do it in the current version, consider the feature 
> > deprecated.  So in this case, I'd expect to see DO=1 and bufsize under 
> > 1220.  As far as RFC 3226, I recall a few years ago arguing that it 
> > didn't apply to IPv6 because it referenced A6 and not AAAA.
> 
> Speaking only for myself, but in my role as chair, I am both depressed
> and alarmed by the above two paragraphs.
> 
> If we have "silently deprecated" a feature, it'd be awful nice to see
> someone write up the maintenance draft.  I don't note that such a
> draft is floating around, but maybe I'm missing it.
> 
> But I'm more concerned about the second paragraph.  If the answer,
> even for DNS experts with long experience, to "How should this work?"
> is "What does BIND do?", then it seems to me we're wasting everyone's
> time and energy here.  We can just let ISC do what it wants, and
> everyone else can follow that.
> 
> This is particularly troubling in the current case, since the present
> dispute is in fact partly about behaviour in BIND. 
> 
> If a significant portion of the DNS community has a silent rule that
> one implementation is actually _the_ reference implementation, we're
> doing a huge disservice to the Internet community generally by
> pretending otherwise.  I sort of find this hard to believe, and I
> rather hope it's false, but actually knowing would be better than
> hope.
> 
> I am therefore curious to know whether others have the same informal
> rule as Ed.  Feel free to send me mail off-list if you don't feel
> comfortable saying so on-list.
> 
> Best regards,
> 
> Andrew
> 
> -- 
> Andrew Sullivan
> ajs@shinkuro.com
> Shinkuro, Inc.
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 18 10:58:12 2009
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References: <4A3619FA.5090404@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090615211157.GD9397@x27.adm.denic.de> <3B043A63-0A2D-473D-B153-D78B2F1ACE68@hopcount.ca> <200906161440.n5GEegfx023035@stora.ogud.com> <87ocsohxz6.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <84444.1245180816@nsa.vix.com> <6F2A3EEF-9004-4810-A7DE-3568136D4F25@virtualized.org> <20090618151034.GG3542@shinkuro.com> <a06240803c6600e988d1c@[10.31.201.162]> <20090618162115.GL3542@crankycanuck.ca> <20090618170647.GB1559@vacation.karoshi.com.>
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 13:53:36 -0400
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] On RFC maintenance and reference implementations (was: Does RFC 3226. . .)
Cc: ed.lewis@neustar.biz
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ISC has staunchly denied being a reference implementation.  ISC has 
never claimed BIND to be a role model.  (Heck, it combines authority 
and recursion in one code base.)  Innuendo that they are "no longer" 
a reference implementation is an unfair slight.

BTW, A6 has been deprecated (perhaps not documented ;) ) - it and 
bitstring labels were very, very bad ideas upon further review.  Cool 
ideas maybe, but not sustainable in core infrastructural elements.

At 17:06 +0000 6/18/09, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
>  BIND has been touted as -the- DNS reference implementation.
>
>  which might have been true at one time, but is patently no longer
>  the case; e.g.  no A6 support anymore, non-spec DLV, non compliance
>  with RFC 3226... the list is long and growing.
>
>--bill
>
>
>On Thu, Jun 18, 2009 at 12:21:15PM -0400, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
>>  [Co-chair hat on]
>>
>>  On Thu, Jun 18, 2009 at 11:46:48AM -0400, Edward Lewis wrote:
>>
>>  > (As one case in point, the RFC 1996 for NOTIFY, section 3.7 describes a
>>  > feature that was silently deprecated 10 years ago - no one bothered to
>>  > update the Proposed Standard document.)
>>  >
>>  > I've adopted an personal informal rule - if the RFC is more than 5 years
>>  > old and BIND doesn't do it in the current version, consider the feature
>>  > deprecated.  So in this case, I'd expect to see DO=1 and bufsize under
>>  > 1220.  As far as RFC 3226, I recall a few years ago arguing that it
>>  > didn't apply to IPv6 because it referenced A6 and not AAAA.
>>
>>  Speaking only for myself, but in my role as chair, I am both depressed
>>  and alarmed by the above two paragraphs.
>>
>>  If we have "silently deprecated" a feature, it'd be awful nice to see
>>  someone write up the maintenance draft.  I don't note that such a
>>  draft is floating around, but maybe I'm missing it.
>>
>>  But I'm more concerned about the second paragraph.  If the answer,
>>  even for DNS experts with long experience, to "How should this work?"
>>  is "What does BIND do?", then it seems to me we're wasting everyone's
>>  time and energy here.  We can just let ISC do what it wants, and
>>  everyone else can follow that.
>>
>>  This is particularly troubling in the current case, since the present
>>  dispute is in fact partly about behaviour in BIND.
>>
>>  If a significant portion of the DNS community has a silent rule that
>>  one implementation is actually _the_ reference implementation, we're
>>  doing a huge disservice to the Internet community generally by
>>  pretending otherwise.  I sort of find this hard to believe, and I
>>  rather hope it's false, but actually knowing would be better than
>>  hope.
>>
>>  I am therefore curious to know whether others have the same informal
>>  rule as Ed.  Feel free to send me mail off-list if you don't feel
>>  comfortable saying so on-list.
>>
>>  Best regards,
>>
>>  Andrew
>>
>>  --
>>  Andrew Sullivan
>>  ajs@shinkuro.com
>>  Shinkuro, Inc.
>>
>>  --
>>  to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
>>  the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
>>  archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
>
>--
>to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
>the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
>archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>

-- 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Edward Lewis
NeuStar                    You can leave a voice message at +1-571-434-5468

As with IPv6, the problem with the deployment of frictionless surfaces is
that they're not getting traction.

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Edward Lewis wrote:
> BTW, A6 has been deprecated (perhaps not documented ;) ) - it and
> bitstring labels were very, very bad ideas upon further review.  Cool
> ideas maybe, but not sustainable in core infrastructural elements.

And just to add humor into the mix:  DLV is an informational RFC, and
uses vendor-reserved numbering space.  The title of RFC 3226 is "DNSSEC
and IPv6 A6 aware server/resolver message size requirements" and since
BIND 9 is no longer A6 aware, well we can ignore it, right?  I mean, in
order to be strict in how ISC reads RFCs and IETF maintains them?

It sounds like perhaps the RFCs need some cleanup, nothing more.  A
reality check, if you will.

- --Michael

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References: <200906150119.n5F1JE6b095216@stora.ogud.com> <20090615211157.GD9397@x27.adm.denic.de>  <3B043A63-0A2D-473D-B153-D78B2F1ACE68@hopcount.ca> <200906161440.n5GEegfx023035@stora.ogud.com>  <87ocsohxz6.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <84444.1245180816@nsa.vix.com>  <6F2A3EEF-9004-4810-A7DE-3568136D4F25@virtualized.org> <20090618151034.GG3542@shinkuro.com>  <a06240803c6600e988d1c@10.31.201.162> <20090618162115.GL3542@crankycanuck.ca>
From: bert hubert <bert.hubert@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 20:46:38 +0200
Message-ID: <3efd34cc0906181146w2206cc6awe6cac163afbfaa7@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] On RFC maintenance and reference implementations (was:  Does RFC 3226. . .)
To: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Thu, Jun 18, 2009 at 6:21 PM, Andrew Sullivan<ajs@shinkuro.com> wrote:
> On Thu, Jun 18, 2009 at 11:46:48AM -0400, Edward Lewis wrote:
>> I've adopted an personal informal rule - if the RFC is more than 5 years
>> old and BIND doesn't do it in the current version, consider the feature
>> deprecated. =A0So in this case, I'd expect to see DO=3D1 and bufsize und=
er
>> 1220.
[...]

> I am therefore curious to know whether others have the same informal
> rule as Ed. =A0Feel free to send me mail off-list if you don't feel
> comfortable saying so on-list.

I'd go even further than Ed. If any DNS feature is not in constant
use, or if neither Windows or BIND relies on it, it does not work and
it will not work.

In fact, sending packets that deviate even slightly from the norm has
been known to crash many CPE/SOHO routers (case in point, not doing
label compression on the first answer).

Quite a lot of what happens on the 'soap opera known as DNSEXT' has
very little relation to reality.

In general, try to be as close to BIND (perhaps even version 8) as
possible, and your stuff will work.

    Bert

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 18 12:04:24 2009
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From: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>
To: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 12:00:10 -0700
References: <200906141835.n5EIZ0dD020925@stora.ogud.com> <87iqiy5ywv.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <200906150119.n5F1JE6b095216@stora.ogud.com> <4A3619FA.5090404@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090615211157.GD9397@x27.adm.denic.de> <3B043A63-0A2D-473D-B153-D78B2F1ACE68@hopcount.ca> <200906161440.n5GEegfx023035@stora.ogud.com>  <87ocsohxz6.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de>  <84444.1245180816@nsa.vix.com> <6F2A3EEF-9004-4810-A7DE-3568136D4F25@virtualized.org> <OFC56AC343.CC2E142E-ON802575D9.002841DE-802575D9.0028CA3F@nominet.org.uk>
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Ray,

On Jun 18, 2009, at 12:25 AM, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk wrote:
> > In the strictest sense of RFC 4035, I guess I'd reluctantly have to
> > agree.
> ...
> > One can read this as saying that while the security-aware resolver
> > MUST support 1220 bytes, it doesn't have to advertise that fact.
>
> It seems very clear to me:
>
> 1.  MUST include EDNS0, with DO=3D1
> 2.  MUST support >=3D 1220 (SHOULD support 4000)
> 3.  MUST say so

That would be my reading as well (assuming DNSSEC-related RRs are =20
desired).

> I'm struggling to parse the =A74.1 text in any way that would support =20=

> an alternate conclusion.

As I mentioned, I can see the argument that there is ambiguity.

Note that I'm not saying I agree with the argument, rather I agree the =20=

argument can be made if you take the words of 4035 and ignore their =20
intent.

> The only way to misinterpret this is if the phrases "MUST support a =20=

> message size of ..." and "the message size that it is willing to =20
> accept" are taken to mean different things.  That's quite a twisting =20=

> of the language, and clearly not what the authors intended.

As I discovered with 3225, what the author intended and how it is =20
interpreted are not necessarily directly related... :-/

Regards,
-drc


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 18 12:04:25 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses 
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 12:01:06 -0700
References: <200906181212.n5ICC6lX002565@drugs.dv.isc.org>
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Mark,

On Jun 18, 2009, at 5:12 AM, Mark Andrews wrote:
> In message <EE43D54B-D5E0-4092-9A65-2CA81E8A53D1@virtualized.org>,  
> David Conrad
> writes:
>> On Jun 17, 2009, at 6:47 PM, Mark Andrews wrote:
>>> A jump in TCP traffic should always have been expected.
>> Yes, however a 600 fold increase is, at the very least, a bit
>> surprising.
> 	With a little tuning it will come down a lot.

No doubt.  That isn't the point.  To reiterate:

>> As I said, the issue isn't that stuff broke, rather that the
>> unexpected happened.  The Internet isn't a toy anymore, it is  
>> critical
>> infrastructure.  In my view, when mucking about with critical
>> infrastructure, unexpected things are very bad.

Regards,
-drc


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
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References: <200906180147.n5I1lk2n056608@drugs.dv.isc.org> <EE43D54B-D5E0-4092-9A65-2CA81E8A53D1@virtualized.org> <82bpolin94.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <C793AE76-3777-4C91-AEF5-83FF11D51E98@icsi.berkeley.edu> <82zlc5h6eu.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <D5ABC135-FA65-4B23-8B6E-327C47C92816@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU> <82prd1h5r5.fsf@mid.bfk.de>
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On Jun 18, 2009, at 9:21 AM, Florian Weimer wrote:
>> The thing is, a lot of resolvers request DNSSEC information without
>> USING it,

Yep, around 5000 queries per second with DO=1 or about 60% at "L"  
currently (up from 40% a few months back).

>> and once the root is signed, it will still be a while before
>> the resolvers actually are able to use this information.

This might actually be a positive.  If we have to revert back to  
unsigned because of the unexpected, anyone who had actually configured  
the root trust anchor will all of a sudden get validation failures.

> There's a better solution for that, see my other message: use distinct
> hints (with distinct names and addresses for the root servers).

+1

Regards,
-drc


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Dean Anderson wrote:

>> The worst possible attack are otherwise valid queries.  The worst
>> possible transport is TCP due to the high cost of maintaining a TCP
>> endpoint on a server.  One is cheap, 50,000 are not.
> 
> Ah. Well, scalability is always hard. That doesn't make it a DDoS 
> attack.  50,000 UDP queries per second is hard, too. In fact, just about 
> about as hard as 50,000 TCP queries.

Very true.  however, a DDoS using TCP would use significantly more
resources on the auth server than a UDP attack would.

UDP is more or less "fire and forget."  TCP requires buffers in the
kernel and state tracking in the kernel.  For a stateless protocol like
DNS, it is scary to start relying on state stored somewhere.

> Simulation is unnecessary as the math is simple: TCP takes 5 packets to
> setup and shutdown a connection. UDP takes 2.

If you count packets, sure.  If you consider kernel state, firewall/load
balancing filtering state that must be maintained, etc. it gets quite
complicated quite fast, and every situation will be slightly different.

It's not about packets to me.  Packets, even 3x as many, is well
understood.  It's about load on the server infrastructure itself that
worries me.  You can only add so many machines before it's clear
something is not sanely scalable.

- --Michael
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: Does RFC 3226 require DO=1 ==> bufsize over 1219? was Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 12:19:52 -0700
References: <200906150119.n5F1JE6b095216@stora.ogud.com> <4A3619FA.5090404@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090615211157.GD9397@x27.adm.denic.de> <3B043A63-0A2D-473D-B153-D78B2F1ACE68@hopcount.ca> <200906161440.n5GEegfx023035@stora.ogud.com> <87ocsohxz6.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <84444.1245180816@nsa.vix.com> <6F2A3EEF-9004-4810-A7DE-3568136D4F25@virtualized.org> <20090618151034.GG3542@shinkuro.com> <a06240803c6600e988d1c@[10.31.201.162]> <20090618161133.GK3542@shinkuro.com>
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Andrew,

On Jun 18, 2009, at 9:11 AM, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
> Only
> someone who had already made up his or her mind to do what they wanted
> would imagine that "advertising your message size" means anything
> other than "advertise the message size you can accept". What possible
> purpose would an advertisement for some other size serve?

Well, BIND advertises a number other than what it can accept.  Mark  
can explain why it does so.

Regards,
-drc


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Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 19:35:33 +0000
From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] On RFC maintenance and reference implementations (was: Does RFC 3226. . .)
Message-ID: <20090618193533.GA2125@vacation.karoshi.com.>
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On Thu, Jun 18, 2009 at 01:53:36PM -0400, Edward Lewis wrote:
> ISC has staunchly denied being a reference implementation.  ISC has 
> never claimed BIND to be a role model.  (Heck, it combines authority 
> and recursion in one code base.)  Innuendo that they are "no longer" 
> a reference implementation is an unfair slight.

	my memories here diverge from yours.

 
> BTW, A6 has been deprecated (perhaps not documented ;) ) - it and 
> bitstring labels were very, very bad ideas upon further review.  Cool 
> ideas maybe, but not sustainable in core infrastructural elements.

	bitstrings were formally depricated.  A6 is still experimental.
	ISC decided unilaterally to remove the code - although they retain
	code for other experimental or depricated labels/codepoints.

	
> 
> At 17:06 +0000 6/18/09, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> > BIND has been touted as -the- DNS reference implementation.
> >
> > which might have been true at one time, but is patently no longer
> > the case; e.g.  no A6 support anymore, non-spec DLV, non compliance
> > with RFC 3226... the list is long and growing.
> >
> >--bill
> >
> >
> >On Thu, Jun 18, 2009 at 12:21:15PM -0400, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
> >> [Co-chair hat on]
> >>
> >> On Thu, Jun 18, 2009 at 11:46:48AM -0400, Edward Lewis wrote:
> >>
> >> > (As one case in point, the RFC 1996 for NOTIFY, section 3.7 describes a
> >> > feature that was silently deprecated 10 years ago - no one bothered to
> >> > update the Proposed Standard document.)
> >> >
> >> > I've adopted an personal informal rule - if the RFC is more than 5 
> >> years
> >> > old and BIND doesn't do it in the current version, consider the feature
> >> > deprecated.  So in this case, I'd expect to see DO=1 and bufsize under
> >> > 1220.  As far as RFC 3226, I recall a few years ago arguing that it
> >> > didn't apply to IPv6 because it referenced A6 and not AAAA.
> >>
> >> Speaking only for myself, but in my role as chair, I am both depressed
> >> and alarmed by the above two paragraphs.
> >>
> >> If we have "silently deprecated" a feature, it'd be awful nice to see
> >> someone write up the maintenance draft.  I don't note that such a
> >> draft is floating around, but maybe I'm missing it.
> >>
> >> But I'm more concerned about the second paragraph.  If the answer,
> >> even for DNS experts with long experience, to "How should this work?"
> >> is "What does BIND do?", then it seems to me we're wasting everyone's
> >> time and energy here.  We can just let ISC do what it wants, and
> >> everyone else can follow that.
> >>
> >> This is particularly troubling in the current case, since the present
> >> dispute is in fact partly about behaviour in BIND.
> >>
> >> If a significant portion of the DNS community has a silent rule that
> >> one implementation is actually _the_ reference implementation, we're
> >> doing a huge disservice to the Internet community generally by
> >> pretending otherwise.  I sort of find this hard to believe, and I
> >> rather hope it's false, but actually knowing would be better than
> >> hope.
> >>
> >> I am therefore curious to know whether others have the same informal
> >> rule as Ed.  Feel free to send me mail off-list if you don't feel
> >> comfortable saying so on-list.
> >>
> >> Best regards,
> >>
> >> Andrew
> >>
> >> --
> >> Andrew Sullivan
> >> ajs@shinkuro.com
> >> Shinkuro, Inc.
> >>
> >> --
> >> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> >> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> >> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
> >
> >--
> >to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
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> 
> -- 
> -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
> Edward Lewis
> NeuStar                    You can leave a voice message at +1-571-434-5468
> 
> As with IPv6, the problem with the deployment of frictionless surfaces is
> that they're not getting traction.
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
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Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 15:49:59 -0400
To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
From: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] On RFC maintenance and reference implementations (was: Does RFC 3226. . .)
Cc: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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At 19:35 +0000 6/18/09, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:

>	bitstrings were formally depricated.  A6 is still experimental.
>	ISC decided unilaterally to remove the code - although they retain
>	code for other experimental or depricated labels/codepoints.

Experimental or not, A6 is and was a bad idea.

-- 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Edward Lewis
NeuStar                    You can leave a voice message at +1-571-434-5468

As with IPv6, the problem with the deployment of frictionless surfaces is
that they're not getting traction.

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References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0906181445360.21085-100000@citation2.av8.net> <4A3A92BE.6090402@isc.org>
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 12:54:54 -0700
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: Michael Graff <mgraff@isc.org>
Cc: Dean Anderson <dean@av8.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Thu, Jun 18, 2009 at 12:17 PM, Michael Graff<mgraff@isc.org> wrote:
> UDP is more or less "fire and forget." =A0TCP requires buffers in the
> kernel and state tracking in the kernel. =A0For a stateless protocol like
> DNS, it is scary to start relying on state stored somewhere.

For a protocol like DNS, couldn't we eliminate all state on the
server?  If the server uses TCP syn-cookies, there's no state to keep
between the server's SYN-ACK response and the client's subsequent ACK;
if the client only sends one DNS query per TCP session and includes
that query in its initial ACK packet, then the server can immediately
start answering the query, writing the response the same as it would
for UDP.  I'm not sure what to do about the FIN/ACK handshakes, but I
suspect that can be handled somehow, and worst case I don't think
sending RSTs would have any negative consequences here.  Servers could
continue supporting some finite number of stateful TCP connections
like they do now to handle old client behavior.

I'm pretty sure this would require new functionality in the server's
TCP stack and probably the DNS server.  For clients to benefit from
this, they would also have to make sure to pack the query into the ACK
packet (I thought I read that Linux's TCP stack already supports this,
but I can't find anything on it right now).

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
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Matthew Dempsky wrote:
> For a protocol like DNS, couldn't we eliminate all state on the
> server?  If the server uses TCP syn-cookies, there's no state to keep
> between the server's SYN-ACK response and the client's subsequent ACK;
> if the client only sends one DNS query per TCP session and includes
> that query in its initial ACK packet, then the server can immediately
> start answering the query, writing the response the same as it would
> for UDP.  I'm not sure what to do about the FIN/ACK handshakes, but I
> suspect that can be handled somehow, and worst case I don't think
> sending RSTs would have any negative consequences here.  Servers could
> continue supporting some finite number of stateful TCP connections
> like they do now to handle old client behavior.

Are you proposing that we tweak TCP in order to serve DNS data?  :)

Until you get an ACK from the remote end, you have to hold data in a
local buffer.  That is the sort of state I mean when I say "state."  We
might be able to make that state very, very small by limiting the socket
buffer space to 4k or so, but this is getting pretty tricky and, worse,
I suspect every OS will still have vastly different overhead.  Even in
the best situation, TCP is higher overhead when talking to a large
number of endpoints than UDP, and solutions which require a lot of state
to be retained in the kernel scare me.

SCTP seems workable if it can be used in an unreliable mode.  It will
still require some in-kernel state per endpoint, but that state seems
easy to spec for in terms of memory/descriptor limits.  Not that any of
this is easy; part of the problem is we're trying to work around a IP
datagram issue by using IP datagrams and all the tricks we've added to
IP in the last 15 years.  At the end of the day, it's not that much
different than what Bittorrent users did to work around filtering based
on content, that is to hide the content in various ways.

> I'm pretty sure this would require new functionality in the server's
> TCP stack and probably the DNS server.  For clients to benefit from
> this, they would also have to make sure to pack the query into the ACK
> packet (I thought I read that Linux's TCP stack already supports this,
> but I can't find anything on it right now).

HTTP got away with this sort of thing, and it has been useful for other
protocols as well.  Handling the HTTP headers in the kernel was a major
boost to avoid one additional kernel/userland crossing, as was "don't
bother me until you receive X bytes," for instance.  However, I'm not
certain beyond that mechanism how far we could push for TCP stack
changes even on the limited number of platforms authority servers run
on.  I personally don't think that is a path to follow.

- --Michael
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Subject: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
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On Thu, Jun 18, 2009 at 1:08 PM, Michael Graff<mgraff@isc.org> wrote:
> Are you proposing that we tweak TCP in order to serve DNS data? =A0:)

Does setting DF=3D1 when sending UDP packets count as "tweaking" UDP?
(I'm interpreting "tweak TCP" to mean alter the TCP protocol, but
perhaps you just mean alter DNS's usage of it.)

I'm just pointing out it's possible to serve DNS over TCP without
requiring the server to keep any more state than it would for serving
DNS over UDP and without requiring any TCP protocol changes.

> Until you get an ACK from the remote end, you have to hold data in a
> local buffer.

Only if you want to resend the query at the TCP level. =A0The kernel
could throw away that state and close the session if it's pressed for
memory, and then the client can repeat its query.

You won't have any more guarantee of getting a response than you would
with UDP, but the response is more likely to reach the client than a
fragmented UDP response, and each TCP segment will include entropy
from the source port and sequence numbers, so blind attackers will not
be able to spoof parts of large responses.

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Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> I'm just pointing out it's possible to serve DNS over TCP without
> requiring the server to keep any more state than it would for serving
> DNS over UDP and without requiring any TCP protocol changes.

I don't agree.  When you send data with TCP, you must await the remote
end's ACK of it before discarding it from your send buffer.  That's
state, and I don't see how it can be avoided with TCP.  It's a
fundamental property of TCP, and not doing that would mean it's not TCP
anymore.

>> Until you get an ACK from the remote end, you have to hold data in a
>> local buffer.
> 
> Only if you want to resend the query at the TCP level.  The kernel
> could throw away that state and close the session if it's pressed for
> memory, and then the client can repeat its query.

Not if it is still called TCP.  What you are proposing sounds a lot like
SCTP with unreliable transmission though.

- --Michael

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On Jun 18, 2009, at 1:31 PM, Michael Graff wrote:

> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> Hash: SHA1
>
> Matthew Dempsky wrote:
>
>> I'm just pointing out it's possible to serve DNS over TCP without
>> requiring the server to keep any more state than it would for serving
>> DNS over UDP and without requiring any TCP protocol changes.
>
> I don't agree.  When you send data with TCP, you must await the remote
> end's ACK of it before discarding it from your send buffer.  That's
> state, and I don't see how it can be avoided with TCP.  It's a
> fundamental property of TCP, and not doing that would mean it's not  
> TCP
> anymore.

For DNS if you are willing to do it in the kernel, probably not,  
because you can play SYN-cookie like games, and your response has the  
ACK, so if the response is dropped, the sender will retransmit the  
query.


>
>>> Until you get an ACK from the remote end, you have to hold data in a
>>> local buffer.
>>
>> Only if you want to resend the query at the TCP level.  The kernel
>> could throw away that state and close the session if it's pressed for
>> memory, and then the client can repeat its query.
>
> Not if it is still called TCP.  What you are proposing sounds a lot  
> like
> SCTP with unreliable transmission though.
>
> - --Michael
>
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Nicholas Weaver wrote:
> For DNS if you are willing to do it in the kernel, probably not, because
> you can play SYN-cookie like games, and your response has the ACK, so if
> the response is dropped, the sender will retransmit the query.

You can optimize the connection phase, and perhaps even the disconnect.
You could even say that a buffer on a client is not a big deal (although
on recursive servers, I'd disagree there too) or just a matter of scaling.

You cannot do away with in-kernel retransmit buffers on any general
purpose OS like NetBSD, FreeBSD, SunOS, etc.  They are part of TCP, and
while you can make them very small, you must have them.  Making them
smaller than the data you are sending as a response is also less than
useful.

Getting rid of them on the sender or receiver means you're just pushing
remembering that up to the application, or making something that is not TCP.

- --Michael

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 18 14:14:36 2009
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Dean Anderson wrote:

> Once one abandons the socket/filedescriptor/kernel implementation of
> TCP, there is no need to worry about state.

... Other than the retransmit buffers.  TCP data is sequenced, and you
can't just drop data on the floor mid stream in the case a packet needs
to be retransmitted.

Doing a raw socket means that the application needs to implement TCP,
which would still need to have at hand, or be able to recreate, the data
for retransmit.  I just don't see this happening.

- --Michael

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 18 14:22:16 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
Date: Thu, 18 Jun 2009 14:18:43 -0700
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On Jun 18, 2009, at 2:04 PM, Michael Graff wrote:

> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> Hash: SHA1
>
> Nicholas Weaver wrote:
>> For DNS if you are willing to do it in the kernel, probably not,  
>> because
>> you can play SYN-cookie like games, and your response has the ACK,  
>> so if
>> the response is dropped, the sender will retransmit the query.
>
> You can optimize the connection phase, and perhaps even the  
> disconnect.
> You could even say that a buffer on a client is not a big deal  
> (although
> on recursive servers, I'd disagree there too) or just a matter of  
> scaling.
>
> You cannot do away with in-kernel retransmit buffers on any general
> purpose OS like NetBSD, FreeBSD, SunOS, etc.  They are part of TCP,  
> and
> while you can make them very small, you must have them.  Making them
> smaller than the data you are sending as a response is also less than
> useful.
>
> Getting rid of them on the sender or receiver means you're just  
> pushing
> remembering that up to the application, or making something that is  
> not TCP.

I disagree:  For DNS (and DNS ONLY) you can do user-level TCP without  
needing a retransmit buffer, and as long as you have only a single  
query and for a particular IP/txid/port you respond deterministically:

You can use a syn-cookie type game so you don't need state for the ACK  
for the SYN-ACK.

For the response, you generate the response but don't increment the  
ACK field to ACK the request until the final packet, and for the final  
packet you send a FIN immediately (half-close the connection).

Thus:

Dpacket1, dpacket2, dpacket3, all do not ACK the query
FIN, which ACKs the query


Thus ANY packet loss will cause the sender to retransmit the query  
packet, which allows the server to regenerate what Dpacket, Dpacket2,  
dpacket3, FIN should be.


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS Page Option to handle large responses
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Nicholas Weaver wrote:
> For the response, you generate the response but don't increment the ACK
> field to ACK the request until the final packet, and for the final
> packet you send a FIN immediately (half-close the connection).

If the packet were delayed, and you then transmit different data as a
response, what happens?  And if the client then gets two different
versions of the data, what happens?

I don't think tweaking TCP as a common practice in order to fix this is
a good, solid, scalable way forward.  TCP is what TCP is, and while
changing it for some cases might be a good idea, I don't think this is
one of them.

- --Michael

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 18 14:32:31 2009
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On Jun 18, 2009, at 2:25 PM, Michael Graff wrote:

> -----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
> Hash: SHA1
>
> Nicholas Weaver wrote:
>> For the response, you generate the response but don't increment the  
>> ACK
>> field to ACK the request until the final packet, and for the final
>> packet you send a FIN immediately (half-close the connection).
>
> If the packet were delayed, and you then transmit different data as a
> response, what happens?  And if the client then gets two different
> versions of the data, what happens?

Clients usually happily accept the first one and go from there.  AFter  
all, packet injection attacks work on WiFi quite well.  :)

And who says that it has to be two different versions of the data: you  
can be deterministic for a particular IP/Port/ID three-tuple.

I don't necessarily think its a good idea, but it IS clear that, if  
actually desired, you could do "Stateless TCP" for DNS.



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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: Does RFC 3226 require DO=1 ==> bufsize over 1219? was Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 18 Jun 2009 12:19:52 MST." <6C7CB111-9763-40FD-99AD-B7AF7ABB089F@virtualized.org> 
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In message <6C7CB111-9763-40FD-99AD-B7AF7ABB089F@virtualized.org>, David Conrad
 writes:
> Andrew,
> 
> On Jun 18, 2009, at 9:11 AM, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
> > Only
> > someone who had already made up his or her mind to do what they wanted
> > would imagine that "advertising your message size" means anything
> > other than "advertise the message size you can accept". What possible
> > purpose would an advertisement for some other size serve?
> 
> Well, BIND advertises a number other than what it can accept.  Mark  
> can explain why it does so.
> 
> Regards,
> -drc

	BIND advertises EDNS@4096.  It then advertises EDNS@512 if
	it doesn't get a answer from several queries for this lookup
	to multiple servers.  It then advertises plain DNS.

	The size of the first lookup can be adjusted in named.conf
	but the defaul value is 4096.
 
	It is clear looking at the data that the vast majority of
	queries made with EDNS@4096 the responses get through.  It
	is only the exceptions that don't.

	There are two levels of exception:
	1.  Fragmented responses get dropped (firewalls, SOHO
	proxies).  To continue with this one could retry at 1024
	(to allow for the smaller link sizes) but that will almost
	always result in a response with TC set.

	2. There is a firewall which won't let through UDP/DNS >
	512.  Retrying at 512 is needed for this case.  Again this
	will almost always result in TC being set.

	Falling back to 512 allows both of these to work.  Falling
	back to 512 doesn't significantly change the number of TCP
	connections that will be made by the level 1 exceptions.

	Changing named to fallback to 1024 won't significantly
	change the number of TCP connection made.  For type 1
	exceptions.

	Working from behind a type 2 exception is very hard as all
	the lookups into secure zones are slooowwww.  People complain
	about how slow they are and fix the problem.

	Mark

> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
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-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 18 17:08:19 2009
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To: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk
Cc: IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 18 Jun 2009 15:03:11 +0100." <OFDECEE23E.5F07C5E9-ON802575D9.0046BE94-802575D9.004D3221@nominet.org.uk> 
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In message <OFDECEE23E.5F07C5E9-ON802575D9.0046BE94-802575D9.004D3221@nominet.o
rg.uk>, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk writes:
> > > There's very clearly a number of large zones already sending signed 
> > > packets in the 512 - ~1400 range.
> > 
> >    Yes and they all get through without fragmentation with a
> >    EDNS UDP size of 4096.
> > 
> > > It's simply not true to say that failure with EDNS@4096 makes failure 
> with 
> > > EDNS@1200 (or 1400) certain.  I've seen plenty of middleboxes that'll 
> fail 
> > > with the former, but work quite happily with the latter.
> > 
> >    They work because they got a answer back not because of the
> >    size of the answer.
> 
> That's not the point
> 
> If an initial >1472 byte response is completely lost because of 
> fragmentation, then as I understand it the recursor will drop down to 
> EDNS0/512 for subsequent queries (forever?) even if those queries might 
> have succeeded at something between 512 and 1472 bytes.

	Just for that particular query.

	If the answer fragemented then the chance that it will work
	without TC at 1024 (which is the only realistic alternate
	fallback step) is miniscule.

> Currently those subsequent EDNS0/512 queries will result in TC=1, and 
> retry over TCP.  If the recursor had retried at EDNS0/1440 that wouldn't 
> happen.

	No.  It almost certainly would have happened. 

	Run named with edns-udp-size set to 1024 behind a firewall
	which drops fragments then run it with edns-udp-size at the
	default.  The number of TCP connections being made will be
	less with the defaults.

	If you tune named to use the maximimal edns-udp-size without
	local fragmentation (1460 for IPv4) then you will have less
	TCP connections that the default.

	But percentage wise the number of TCP connections in all
	three senarios is still low and of similar magnitudes.

	Mark

> Ray
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 18 17:51:42 2009
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To: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Enforcing correct behavior: EDNS0 OK bit set, buffer < 1024 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 18 Jun 2009 18:45:14 +0200." <82k539h4o5.fsf@mid.bfk.de> 
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In message <82k539h4o5.fsf@mid.bfk.de>, Florian Weimer writes:
> * Mark Andrews:
> 
> >> Last time I checked, the roots (except one) did not perform PMTUD, so
> >> fragmentation is not under their control.  Many DNS servers send the
> >> final fragment first anyway.  This is not very likely to change.
> >
> > I beg to differ.  8 of the roots are performing PMTU discovery over IPv4/=
> UDP.
> > Whether the operators are aware of this or not is another matter.  This c=
> an
> > usually be disabled at the the application layer.
> 
> AFAICT, it can't.  You might not send out PMTUD probe messages, but
> this doesn't prevent the stack from processing unsolicited answers and
> applying the result to the packets you send.

	"actively performing PMTU discovery over IPv4" then if you
	want to be picky.

> > 09:57:54.387361 198.41.0.4.53 > 211.30.172.21.64982:  24664*- 1/13/11 SOA=
>  (497) (DF)
> 
> You also need to check if the ICMP "fragmentation needed but DF bit
> set" message is processed by the server.

	Given the OS chooses to set DS and not the application it is
	reasonable to assume it does process the messages.
	
	Mark
> --=20
> Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
> BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
> Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
> D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
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-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 18 20:32:06 2009
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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Cc: David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>, Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: Does RFC 3226 require DO=1 ==> bufsize over 1219? was Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
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On Fri, Jun 19, 2009 at 09:12:40AM +1000, Mark Andrews wrote:
> 
> In message <6C7CB111-9763-40FD-99AD-B7AF7ABB089F@virtualized.org>, David Conrad
>  writes:
> > Andrew,
> > 
> > On Jun 18, 2009, at 9:11 AM, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
> > > Only
> > > someone who had already made up his or her mind to do what they wanted
> > > would imagine that "advertising your message size" means anything
> > > other than "advertise the message size you can accept". What possible
> > > purpose would an advertisement for some other size serve?
> > 
> > Well, BIND advertises a number other than what it can accept.  Mark  
> > can explain why it does so.
> > 
> > Regards,
> > -drc
> 
> 	BIND advertises EDNS@4096.  It then advertises EDNS@512 if
> 	it doesn't get a answer from several queries for this lookup
> 	to multiple servers.  It then advertises plain DNS.
> 
> 	The size of the first lookup can be adjusted in named.conf
> 	but the defaul value is 4096.

	wonderful!  can we then tweek the code to then advertise
	EDNS1400, then  plain DNS, no EDNS and buffsize 512?


>  
> 	It is clear looking at the data that the vast majority of
> 	queries made with EDNS@4096 the responses get through.  It
> 	is only the exceptions that don't.
> 
> 	There are two levels of exception:
> 	1.  Fragmented responses get dropped (firewalls, SOHO
> 	proxies).  To continue with this one could retry at 1024
> 	(to allow for the smaller link sizes) but that will almost
> 	always result in a response with TC set.
> 
> 	2. There is a firewall which won't let through UDP/DNS >
> 	512.  Retrying at 512 is needed for this case.  Again this
> 	will almost always result in TC being set.
> 
> 	Falling back to 512 allows both of these to work.  Falling
> 	back to 512 doesn't significantly change the number of TCP
> 	connections that will be made by the level 1 exceptions.
> 
> 	Changing named to fallback to 1024 won't significantly
> 	change the number of TCP connection made.  For type 1
> 	exceptions.
> 
> 	Working from behind a type 2 exception is very hard as all
> 	the lookups into secure zones are slooowwww.  People complain
> 	about how slow they are and fix the problem.
> 
> 	Mark
> 
> > --
> > to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> > the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> > archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
> -- 
> Mark Andrews, ISC
> 1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
> PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 18 21:14:53 2009
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To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
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From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: Does RFC 3226 require DO=1 ==> bufsize over 1219? was Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 19 Jun 2009 03:23:37 GMT." <20090619032337.GB3142@vacation.karoshi.com.> 
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In message <20090619032337.GB3142@vacation.karoshi.com.>, bmanning@vacation.kar
oshi.com writes:
> On Fri, Jun 19, 2009 at 09:12:40AM +1000, Mark Andrews wrote:
> > 
> > In message <6C7CB111-9763-40FD-99AD-B7AF7ABB089F@virtualized.org>, David Co
> nrad
> >  writes:
> > > Andrew,
> > > 
> > > On Jun 18, 2009, at 9:11 AM, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
> > > > Only
> > > > someone who had already made up his or her mind to do what they wanted
> > > > would imagine that "advertising your message size" means anything
> > > > other than "advertise the message size you can accept". What possible
> > > > purpose would an advertisement for some other size serve?
> > > 
> > > Well, BIND advertises a number other than what it can accept.  Mark  
> > > can explain why it does so.
> > > 
> > > Regards,
> > > -drc
> > 
> > 	BIND advertises EDNS@4096.  It then advertises EDNS@512 if
> > 	it doesn't get a answer from several queries for this lookup
> > 	to multiple servers.  It then advertises plain DNS.
> > 
> > 	The size of the first lookup can be adjusted in named.conf
> > 	but the defaul value is 4096.
> 
> 	wonderful!  can we then tweek the code to then advertise
> 	EDNS1400, then  plain DNS, no EDNS and buffsize 512?
 
	Other than to deliberately break DNSSEC working through a
	512 firewall is there any benefit?  I don't see any evidence
	that changing the number will significantly affect the low
	amount of TCP traffic.

> > 	It is clear looking at the data that the vast majority of
> > 	queries made with EDNS@4096 the responses get through.  It
> > 	is only the exceptions that don't.
> > 
> > 	There are two levels of exception:
> > 	1.  Fragmented responses get dropped (firewalls, SOHO
> > 	proxies).  To continue with this one could retry at 1024
> > 	(to allow for the smaller link sizes) but that will almost
> > 	always result in a response with TC set.
> > 
> > 	2. There is a firewall which won't let through UDP/DNS >
> > 	512.  Retrying at 512 is needed for this case.  Again this
> > 	will almost always result in TC being set.
> > 
> > 	Falling back to 512 allows both of these to work.  Falling
> > 	back to 512 doesn't significantly change the number of TCP
> > 	connections that will be made by the level 1 exceptions.
> > 
> > 	Changing named to fallback to 1024 won't significantly
> > 	change the number of TCP connection made.  For type 1
> > 	exceptions.
> > 
> > 	Working from behind a type 2 exception is very hard as all
> > 	the lookups into secure zones are slooowwww.  People complain
> > 	about how slow they are and fix the problem.
> > 
> > 	Mark
> > 
> > > --
> > > to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> > > the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> > > archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
> > -- 
> > Mark Andrews, ISC
> > 1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
> > PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org
> > 
> > --
> > to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> > the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> > archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
> 
> --
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> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
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1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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References: Your message of "Thu, 18 Jun 2009 15:03:11 +0100."             <OFDECEE23E.5F07C5E9-ON802575D9.0046BE94-802575D9.004D3221@nominet.org.uk> <200906190004.n5J04CrQ014717@drugs.dv.isc.org>
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Cc: IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>, owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback
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Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2009 07:35:47 +0100
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> > If an initial >1472 byte response is completely lost because of 
> > fragmentation, then as I understand it the recursor will drop down to 
> > EDNS0/512 for subsequent queries (forever?) even if those queries 
might 
> > have succeeded at something between 512 and 1472 bytes.
> 
> Just for that particular query.

Mark,

Can you please clarify this - the EDNS failback algorithm is retried for 
every query, and the results not cached on a per-dest-IP basis?

Ray

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<tt><font size=2><br>
&gt; &gt; If an initial &gt;1472 byte response is completely lost because
of <br>
&gt; &gt; fragmentation, then as I understand it the recursor will drop
down to <br>
&gt; &gt; EDNS0/512 for subsequent queries (forever?) even if those queries
might <br>
&gt; &gt; have succeeded at something between 512 and 1472 bytes.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; Just for that particular query.<br>
</font></tt>
<br><tt><font size=2>Mark,</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>Can you please clarify this - the EDNS failback algorithm
is retried for every query, and the results not cached on a per-dest-IP
basis?</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>Ray</font></tt>
<br>
--=_alternative 00243C45802575DA_=--

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To: IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 19 Jun 2009 07:35:47 +0100." <OFEC47693C.111046F9-ON802575DA.0024116F-802575DA.00243C47@nominet.org.uk> 
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In message <OFEC47693C.111046F9-ON802575DA.0024116F-802575DA.00243C47@nominet.or
g.uk>, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk writes:
> > > If an initial >1472 byte response is completely lost because of 
> > > fragmentation, then as I understand it the recursor will drop down to 
> > > EDNS0/512 for subsequent queries (forever?) even if those queries 
> might 
> > > have succeeded at something between 512 and 1472 bytes.
> > 
> > Just for that particular query.
> 
> Mark,
> 
> Can you please clarify this - the EDNS failback algorithm is retried for 
> every query, and the results not cached on a per-dest-IP basis?

	It's retried for every query.  We want to give the EDNS@4096
	query a chance to succeed before we fallback.

	Mark

> Ray
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 19 03:45:55 2009
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Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2009 10:37:34 +0000
From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] On RFC maintenance and reference implementations (was: Does RFC 3226. . .)
Message-ID: <20090619103734.GA6378@vacation.karoshi.com.>
References: <87ocsohxz6.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> <84444.1245180816@nsa.vix.com> <6F2A3EEF-9004-4810-A7DE-3568136D4F25@virtualized.org> <20090618151034.GG3542@shinkuro.com> <a06240803c6600e988d1c@[10.31.201.162]> <20090618162115.GL3542@crankycanuck.ca> <20090618170647.GB1559@vacation.karoshi.com.> <a06240801c6602e4b936c@[10.31.201.162]> <20090618193533.GA2125@vacation.karoshi.com.> <a06240800c660491bbd7e@[10.31.201.162]>
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On Thu, Jun 18, 2009 at 03:49:59PM -0400, Edward Lewis wrote:
> At 19:35 +0000 6/18/09, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
> 
> >	bitstrings were formally depricated.  A6 is still experimental.
> >	ISC decided unilaterally to remove the code - although they retain
> >	code for other experimental or depricated labels/codepoints.
> 
> Experimental or not, A6 is and was a bad idea.

	lots o bad ideas out there... take ARP for example.
	and some really good ones... like A6!

--bill

> 
> -- 
> -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
> Edward Lewis
> NeuStar                    You can leave a voice message at +1-571-434-5468
> 
> As with IPv6, the problem with the deployment of frictionless surfaces is
> that they're not getting traction.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 19 03:55:53 2009
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Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2009 10:50:00 +0000
From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, David Conrad <drc@virtualized.org>, Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: Does RFC 3226 require DO=1 ==> bufsize over 1219? was Re: [dnsext] New rules for DO bit
Message-ID: <20090619105000.GC6378@vacation.karoshi.com.>
References: <20090619032337.GB3142@vacation.karoshi.com.> <200906190410.n5J4ADTF018186@drugs.dv.isc.org>
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On Fri, Jun 19, 2009 at 02:10:13PM +1000, Mark Andrews wrote:
> 
> In message <20090619032337.GB3142@vacation.karoshi.com.>, bmanning@vacation.kar
> oshi.com writes:
> > On Fri, Jun 19, 2009 at 09:12:40AM +1000, Mark Andrews wrote:
> > > 
> > > In message <6C7CB111-9763-40FD-99AD-B7AF7ABB089F@virtualized.org>, David Co
> > nrad
> > >  writes:
> > > > Andrew,
> > > > 
> > > > On Jun 18, 2009, at 9:11 AM, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
> > > > > Only
> > > > > someone who had already made up his or her mind to do what they wanted
> > > > > would imagine that "advertising your message size" means anything
> > > > > other than "advertise the message size you can accept". What possible
> > > > > purpose would an advertisement for some other size serve?
> > > > 
> > > > Well, BIND advertises a number other than what it can accept.  Mark  
> > > > can explain why it does so.
> > > > 
> > > > Regards,
> > > > -drc
> > > 
> > > 	BIND advertises EDNS@4096.  It then advertises EDNS@512 if
> > > 	it doesn't get a answer from several queries for this lookup
> > > 	to multiple servers.  It then advertises plain DNS.
> > > 
> > > 	The size of the first lookup can be adjusted in named.conf
> > > 	but the defaul value is 4096.
> > 
> > 	wonderful!  can we then tweek the code to then advertise
> > 	EDNS1400, then  plain DNS, no EDNS and buffsize 512?
>  
> 	Other than to deliberately break DNSSEC working through a
> 	512 firewall is there any benefit?  I don't see any evidence
> 	that changing the number will significantly affect the low
> 	amount of TCP traffic.

	I can take that as a yes then?

--bill

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 19 07:14:35 2009
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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
cc: IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 19 Jun 2009 16:55:05 +1000." <200906190655.n5J6t5GI019401@drugs.dv.isc.org> 
References: <200906190655.n5J6t5GI019401@drugs.dv.isc.org> 
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> To: IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
> From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
> 
> > Can you please clarify this - the EDNS failback algorithm is retried for 
> > every query, and the results not cached on a per-dest-IP basis?
> 
> 	It's retried for every query.  We want to give the EDNS@4096
> 	query a chance to succeed before we fallback.

please send new fallback text for RFC2671bis.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 19 08:34:52 2009
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Subject: [dnsext] Why the cause of drops matter...
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2009 08:29:24 -0700
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	Netalyzr now (finally, sorry for not thinking of this earlier)  
distinguishes why a large EDNS-enabled response to an EDNS request  
fails: whether it is due to fragmentation not being reassembled  
(assuming the de-facto MTU of ~1500B) or due to a middlebox thinking  
DNS should be 512B.

	This is accomplished by having a lookup for edns_large return an  
~1800B response, and edns_medium return a ~1400B response.

	I do NOT have statistically significant numbers for this yet.


	This matters:

	If the problem is mostly fragmentation, DNSSEC signing authorities  
who don't want TCP fallback would benefit greatly from making sure  
responses <1500B, but its OK for them to be >512B.

	If the resolver maintains state about how an authority responds to  
EDNS, it SHOULD first fallback to 1400B, so that it can successfully  
get responses, and only if 1400B fails, fallback to 512B.  This is to  
enable the resolver to learn if the issue is fragmentation or if the  
issue is 512B, and act appropriately.

	If the resolver does NOT maintain state about how an authority  
responds to EDNS, it doesn't matter if the fallback is to 512B.  The  
condition will only occur if the response was greater than the MTU for  
the network, so a fallback to 1400B will probably not succeed.

	Thus since Bind does not maintain state about the authority, dropping  
to 512B is perfectly fine.


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>    It's retried for every query.  We want to give the EDNS@4096
>    query a chance to succeed before we fallback.

RFC 2671 (=A75.3) certainly envisioned that resolvers might cache the EDNS0=
=20
capabilities of other servers.

In such a case then probing @1280 or @1460 should certainly be of some=20
benefit, per the scenario I suggested in my previous e-mail.

I'm slightly surprised that BIND apparently does not do any such caching.=20
I can see why in BIND's case you currently argue that EDNS0 fallback to=20
something higher than 512 is unnecessary, notwithstanding that in the DO=3D=
1=20
case falling back to 512 bytes is clearly contrary to RFC 3226.

Ray

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<tt><font size=3D2><br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;It's retried for every query. &nbsp;We want to give the
EDNS@4096<br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;query a chance to succeed before we fallback.<br>
</font></tt>
<br><tt><font size=3D2>RFC 2671 (=A75.3) certainly envisioned that resolvers
might cache the EDNS0 capabilities of other servers.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=3D2>In such a case then probing @1280 or @1460 should
certainly be of some benefit, per the scenario I suggested in my previous
e-mail.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=3D2>I'm slightly surprised that BIND apparently does not
do any such caching. &nbsp;I can see why in BIND's case you currently argue
that EDNS0 fallback to something higher than 512 is unnecessary, notwithsta=
nding
that in the DO=3D1 case falling back to 512 bytes is clearly contrary to
RFC 3226.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=3D2>Ray</font></tt>
<br>
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To: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
Cc: IETF DNSEXT WG <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>, Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>, owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Why the cause of drops matter...
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From: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2009 16:53:18 +0100
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>    If the problem is mostly fragmentation, DNSSEC signing authorities 
> who don't want TCP fallback would benefit greatly from making sure 
> responses <1500B, but its OK for them to be >512B.
> 
>    If the resolver maintains state about how an authority responds to 
> EDNS, it SHOULD first fallback to 1400B, so that it can successfully 
> get responses, and only if 1400B fails, fallback to 512B.  This is to 
> enable the resolver to learn if the issue is fragmentation or if the 
> issue is 512B, and act appropriately.
> 
>    If the resolver does NOT maintain state about how an authority 
> responds to EDNS, it doesn't matter if the fallback is to 512B.  The 
> condition will only occur if the response was greater than the MTU for 
> the network, so a fallback to 1400B will probably not succeed.
> 
>    Thus since Bind does not maintain state about the authority, dropping 
 
> to 512B is perfectly fine.

That's my conclusion too.  [ unless DO=1 ;-) ]

Ray

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<tt><font size=2><br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;If the problem is mostly fragmentation, DNSSEC signing
authorities &nbsp;<br>
&gt; who don't want TCP fallback would benefit greatly from making sure
&nbsp;<br>
&gt; responses &lt;1500B, but its OK for them to be &gt;512B.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;If the resolver maintains state about how an authority
responds to &nbsp;<br>
&gt; EDNS, it SHOULD first fallback to 1400B, so that it can successfully
&nbsp;<br>
&gt; get responses, and only if 1400B fails, fallback to 512B. &nbsp;This
is to &nbsp;<br>
&gt; enable the resolver to learn if the issue is fragmentation or if the
&nbsp;<br>
&gt; issue is 512B, and act appropriately.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;If the resolver does NOT maintain state about how an
authority &nbsp;<br>
&gt; responds to EDNS, it doesn't matter if the fallback is to 512B. &nbsp;The
&nbsp;<br>
&gt; condition will only occur if the response was greater than the MTU
for &nbsp;<br>
&gt; the network, so a fallback to 1400B will probably not succeed.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;Thus since Bind does not maintain state about the authority,
dropping &nbsp;<br>
&gt; to 512B is perfectly fine.<br>
</font></tt>
<br><tt><font size=2>That's my conclusion too. &nbsp;[ unless DO=1 ;-)
]</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>Ray</font></tt>
<br>
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 19 09:27:10 2009
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To: "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>, <Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk>
Cc: "IETF DNSEXT WG" <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>, <owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2009 17:22:17 +0100
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Isn't the other situation in which dropping, or starting, at 1400 may be =
of benefit is where=20
the server tailors's response to fit?

Glue (which may be signed) can always be dropped, and also the NS rrset =
might be=20
omitted ( when not requested ).

Just because the @4000 response got fragmented and lost, because it was =
over 1500,=20
doesn't mean an @1400 response will also be over 1500 and fragmented and =
lost.

If problems are noted/expected, I think a good strategy may be to start =
at 1400,=20
and "fall back" to 4000 on truncation.=20

----- Original Message -----=20
From: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk=20
To: Mark Andrews=20
Cc: IETF DNSEXT WG ; owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org=20
Sent: Friday, June 19, 2009 4:47 PM
Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback



>    It's retried for every query.  We want to give the EDNS@4096
>    query a chance to succeed before we fallback.

RFC 2671 (=A75.3) certainly envisioned that resolvers might cache the =
EDNS0 capabilities of other servers.=20

In such a case then probing @1280 or @1460 should certainly be of some =
benefit, per the scenario I suggested in my previous e-mail.=20

I'm slightly surprised that BIND apparently does not do any such =
caching.  I can see why in BIND's case you currently argue that EDNS0 =
fallback to something higher than 512 is unnecessary, notwithstanding =
that in the DO=3D1 case falling back to 512 bytes is clearly contrary to =
RFC 3226.=20

Ray=20

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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content=3D"text/html; charset=3Diso-8859-1" =
http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<META name=3DGENERATOR content=3D"MSHTML 8.00.6001.18783">
<STYLE></STYLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY bgColor=3D#ffffff>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>Isn't the other situation in which =
dropping, or=20
starting, at 1400 may be of benefit </FONT><FONT size=3D2 =
face=3DArial>is where=20
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>the server tailors's response to =
fit?</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>Glue (which may be signed) can always =
be dropped,=20
and also the NS rrset </FONT><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>might be =
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>omitted ( when not requested =
).</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>Just because the @4000 response got =
fragmented and=20
lost, because it was </FONT><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>over 1500, =
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>doesn't </FONT><FONT size=3D2 =
face=3DArial>mean an=20
@1400 response will also be over 1500 and fragmented and =
lost.</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>If problems are noted/expected, I think =
a good=20
strategy may be to start at 1400, </FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>and "fall back" to 4000 on truncation.=20
</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial></FONT>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"FONT: 10pt arial">----- Original Message -----=20
<DIV style=3D"BACKGROUND: #e4e4e4; font-color: black"><B>From:</B> <A=20
title=3DRay.Bellis@nominet.org.uk=20
href=3D"mailto:Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk">Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk</A> =
</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B> <A title=3Dmarka@isc.org =
href=3D"mailto:marka@isc.org">Mark=20
Andrews</A> </DIV>
<DIV><B>Cc:</B> <A title=3Dnamedroppers@ops.ietf.org=20
href=3D"mailto:namedroppers@ops.ietf.org">IETF DNSEXT WG</A> ; <A=20
title=3Downer-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org=20
href=3D"mailto:owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org">owner-namedroppers@ops.ie=
tf.org</A>=20
</DIV>
<DIV><B>Sent:</B> Friday, June 19, 2009 4:47 PM</DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B> Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback</DIV></DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV><TT><FONT size=3D2><BR>&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;It's retried for =
every=20
query. &nbsp;We want to give the <A=20
href=3D"mailto:EDNS@4096">EDNS@4096</A><BR>&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;query a =
chance to=20
succeed before we fallback.<BR></FONT></TT><BR><TT><FONT size=3D2>RFC =
2671 (=A75.3)=20
certainly envisioned that resolvers might cache the EDNS0 capabilities =
of other=20
servers.</FONT></TT> <BR><BR><TT><FONT size=3D2>In such a case then =
probing @1280=20
or @1460 should certainly be of some benefit, per the scenario I =
suggested in my=20
previous e-mail.</FONT></TT> <BR><BR><TT><FONT size=3D2>I'm slightly =
surprised=20
that BIND apparently does not do any such caching. &nbsp;I can see why =
in BIND's=20
case you currently argue that EDNS0 fallback to something higher than =
512 is=20
unnecessary, notwithstanding that in the DO=3D1 case falling back to 512 =
bytes is=20
clearly contrary to RFC 3226.</FONT></TT> <BR><BR><TT><FONT=20
size=3D2>Ray</FONT></TT> <BR></BODY></HTML>

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 19 09:54:17 2009
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From: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
To: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Why the cause of drops matter...
Date: Fri, 19 Jun 2009 09:50:05 -0700
References: <28DE3730-CD87-4269-A706-A0058D51DB23@icsi.berkeley.edu> <OF19C3A27F.0FCF6B85-ON802575DA.00571A74-802575DA.00574736@nominet.org.uk>
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On Jun 19, 2009, at 8:53 AM, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk wrote:

>
> >    If the problem is mostly fragmentation, DNSSEC signing  
> authorities
> > who don't want TCP fallback would benefit greatly from making sure
> > responses <1500B, but its OK for them to be >512B.
> >
> >    If the resolver maintains state about how an authority responds  
> to
> > EDNS, it SHOULD first fallback to 1400B, so that it can successfully
> > get responses, and only if 1400B fails, fallback to 512B.  This is  
> to
> > enable the resolver to learn if the issue is fragmentation or if the
> > issue is 512B, and act appropriately.
> >
> >    If the resolver does NOT maintain state about how an authority
> > responds to EDNS, it doesn't matter if the fallback is to 512B.  The
> > condition will only occur if the response was greater than the MTU  
> for
> > the network, so a fallback to 1400B will probably not succeed.
> >
> >    Thus since Bind does not maintain state about the authority,  
> dropping
> > to 512B is perfectly fine.
>
> That's my conclusion too.  [ unless DO=1 ;-) ]

I'll argue that for DO=1, its still fine.

It will have to fall back to TCP because the result will be truncated,  
but it will have to fallback to TCP anyway.


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 19 09:55:49 2009
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From: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback
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References: Your message of "Fri, 19 Jun 2009 07:35:47 +0100."             <OFEC47693C.111046F9-ON802575DA.0024116F-802575DA.00243C47@nominet.org.uk> <200906190655.n5J6t5GI019401@drugs.dv.isc.org> <OFE66AE475.8A66A5FB-ON802575DA.005588E5-802575DA.0056C136@nominet.org.uk> <619814E5557D4791819744EB9DDAC3E3@localhost>
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Cc: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>, "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>, <Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk>, "IETF DNSEXT WG" <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>, <owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
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On Jun 19, 2009, at 9:22 AM, George Barwood wrote:

> Isn't the other situation in which dropping, or starting, at 1400  
> may be of benefit is where
> the server tailors's response to fit?
>
> Glue (which may be signed) can always be dropped, and also the NS  
> rrset might be
> omitted ( when not requested ).
>
> Just because the @4000 response got fragmented and lost, because it  
> was over 1500,
> doesn't mean an @1400 response will also be over 1500 and fragmented  
> and lost.
>
> If problems are noted/expected, I think a good strategy may be to  
> start at 1400,
> and "fall back" to 4000 on truncation.

I'd argue that that is backwards.  MOST resolvers do not have b0rken  
middleboxes in the path.  A non-trivial number do.

You shouldn't b0rk the clean-path resolvers for the benefit of the  
broken-path resolver.  Rather, the broken-path resolvers ONLY should  
have the fallback position, and all resolvers should first assume  
clean, then b0rken, when appropriate.


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From perley@flcore.com  Sat Jun 20 04:07:01 2009
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From weaningw1411@pratikauditores.com.br  Sat Jun 20 16:39:40 2009
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Date: Sat, 20 Jun 2009 20:37:34 -0300
From: dnsext-archive@lists.ietf.org
Subject: Fast and effective ,  Try Acai Berry.
To: <dnsext-archive@lists.ietf.org>
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From weaningw1411@pratikauditores.com.br  Sat Jun 20 16:39:40 2009
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Date: Sat, 20 Jun 2009 20:37:34 -0300
From: dnsext-archive@lists.ietf.org
Subject: Fast and effective ,  Try Acai Berry.
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best regards Vinnie Kirk
 


From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sun Jun 21 18:21:11 2009
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To: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
Cc: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>, "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>, "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk, "IETF DNSEXT WG" <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Sat, 20 Jun 2009 11:48:24 +0200." <87ws77ck2f.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de> 
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In message <87ws77ck2f.fsf@mid.deneb.enyo.de>, Florian Weimer writes:
> * Nicholas Weaver:
> 
> > I'd argue that that is backwards.  MOST resolvers do not have b0rken
> > middleboxes in the path.  A non-trivial number do.
> 
> If the middlebox (or misconfiguration) is on the server side, *all*
> clients potentially suffer from such brokenness.
> 
> Please don't assume this is exclusively a client-side issue.

Indeed.  Named has max-udp-size to help with exactly such a problem.
However most end user sites have the capacity to handle the resulting
TCP traffic.  Those that don't will take corrective steps.

Mark
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sun Jun 21 18:47:45 2009
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From: Florian Weimer <fw@deneb.enyo.de>
To: Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>
Cc: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>, "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>, <Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk>, "IETF DNSEXT WG" <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>, <owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback
References: <OFEC47693C.111046F9-ON802575DA.0024116F-802575DA.00243C47@nominet.org.uk> <200906190655.n5J6t5GI019401@drugs.dv.isc.org> <OFE66AE475.8A66A5FB-ON802575DA.005588E5-802575DA.0056C136@nominet.org.uk> <619814E5557D4791819744EB9DDAC3E3@localhost> <95273273-4D6E-404C-9EA3-C56BCDA805B0@icsi.berkeley.edu>
Date: Sat, 20 Jun 2009 11:48:24 +0200
In-Reply-To: <95273273-4D6E-404C-9EA3-C56BCDA805B0@icsi.berkeley.edu> (Nicholas Weaver's message of "Fri, 19 Jun 2009 09:52:44 -0700")
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* Nicholas Weaver:

> I'd argue that that is backwards.  MOST resolvers do not have b0rken
> middleboxes in the path.  A non-trivial number do.

If the middlebox (or misconfiguration) is on the server side, *all*
clients potentially suffer from such brokenness.

Please don't assume this is exclusively a client-side issue.

--
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From evangelinayd@ta-shi.com  Sun Jun 21 21:37:21 2009
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Subject: Best Acai Berry Offers For Free Click NOw
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Subject: Oprah Weight loss soloution , Learn about Acai Berry. 
Date: Mon, 22 Jun 2009 05:37:33 +0000
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Rich in antioxidants , Acai Berry is your answer to unwanted weight.
Get your Free trial today!
&nbsp;
Come at the moment
=A0
=A0
Thank You!=20
best regards Piper=20
Easley
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<DIV align=3Dcenter><STRONG><FONT color=3D#000080=20
size=3D4>Rich in antioxidants , Acai Berry is your answer to unwanted weigh=
t.</FONT></STRONG></DIV>
<DIV align=3Dcenter><STRONG><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff>Get your Free trial today!</FONT></STRONG></DIV>
<DIV align=3Dcenter><STRONG><FONT color=3D#0000ff></FONT></STRONG>&nbsp;</D=
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<DIV align=3Dcenter><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial></FONT>=A0</DIV>
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<DIV align=3Dleft><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>Thank You! </FONT></DIV>
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The results of your email command are provided below. Attached is your
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    Get your Free trial today!
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From: dnsext-archive@ietf.org
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Subject: Oprah Weight loss soloution , Learn about Acai Berry. 
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Rich in antioxidants , Acai Berry is your answer to unwanted weight.
Get your Free trial today!
&nbsp;
Come at the moment
=A0
=A0
Thank You!=20
best regards Piper=20
Easley
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<DIV align=3Dcenter><STRONG><FONT color=3D#000080=20
size=3D4>Rich in antioxidants , Acai Berry is your answer to unwanted weigh=
t.</FONT></STRONG></DIV>
<DIV align=3Dcenter><STRONG><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff>Get your Free trial today!</FONT></STRONG></DIV>
<DIV align=3Dcenter><STRONG><FONT color=3D#0000ff></FONT></STRONG>&nbsp;</D=
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<DIV align=3Dcenter><STRONG><FONT color=3D#000000><A=20
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<DIV align=3Dcenter><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial></FONT>=A0</DIV>
<DIV align=3Dleft><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>Thank You! </FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=3Dleft><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>best regards Piper=20
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun 22 07:26:55 2009
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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>
To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-reply-to: Your message of Mon, 22 Jun 2009 13:52:37 BST. <DF7DD53C06324A4C8D9AB18CE67FA8A1@localhost> 
Date: Mon, 22 Jun 2009 16:18:46 +0200
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   Possible fixes:
   
   (1) Set the reply as truncated

=> this is what the standard recommends

   (2) Discard some non-authoritative NS records, so a mixture of NS
 records and glue can be sent.

=> if this means a partial RRset this is not (yet) allowed

   (3) Respond to explicit requests for an A record, where the
 non-authoritative value is held as glue, with a non-authoritative
 answer.

=> IMHO this doesn't fit in the authoritative vs caching servers model.
And of course you can't send the query to an authoratative server if
you don't know an address of one of them (:-).

   (4) Similar to (3), but place the result in the additional section
  ( not to be discarded ).
   
=> same than (3)

   (2) might also be a solution to the BIND @512 question.
   
Thanks

Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun 22 11:50:25 2009
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Date: Mon, 22 Jun 2009 18:40:43 +0000
From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] TCP pushback
Message-ID: <20090622184043.GA11202@vacation.karoshi.com.>
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since this thread took on religious overtones...

True life TCP confessions: "Forgive me father, for I have SYN'd. It's been 230 ms 
since my last retransmission..."

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun 22 13:41:55 2009
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Date: Mon, 22 Jun 2009 16:34:34 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: [dnsext] DNS Extensions Working Group meeting at IETF 75
Message-ID: <20090622203434.GP1117@shinkuro.com>
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Dear colleagues,

As was announced in
http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/namedroppers.2009/msg00961.html,
we requested a meeting for Stockholm.  The draft meeting schedule is
now available, and our slot is currently on Wednesday, 29 July from
13:00-15:00 local time.  Here is the list of current conflicts:

    morg
    lisp
    netmod
    avt
    rtgwg
    pkix
    tsvarea

The current planned topics for the agenda are

	GOST Algorithm document
	Forgery Resilience work (or not)
	New charter
	ENDS0 Option hurdle, go to template like for RR types

If you have additional items you would like to see scheduled, please
speak up at your earliest opportunity.  

Best regards,

Andrew (for the Chairs)

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun 23 06:29:30 2009
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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>
To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-reply-to: Your message of Mon, 22 Jun 2009 17:30:51 BST. <F6E691E06DE84D22A8571D62C662BB37@localhost> 
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   >   Possible fixes:
   >   
   >   (1) Set the reply as truncated
   > 
   > => this is what the standard recommends
   
   Umm.. I don't think so.

=> note the glue here is a required glue (NS RRs are "below"). IMHO the
issue is a conflict between required glue and required DNSSEC (with
the 1220 enforced size for DO this should be less common).

   AFAIK glue that doesn't fit is always discarded silently ( without
  setting TC bit ).

=> yes but it is not true for the whole required glue. Of course it
is easy to find cases where the glue is not required but is necessary
(so your problem needs a solution anyway).

   Certainly my example seems to show this is also what happens in practice.
   I'm not aware of any provision that makes the last bit of glue special.
   Please give me RFC and section...
   
=> there is a notion of required glue in RFC 1035.

   >   (2) Discard some non-authoritative NS records, so a mixture of NS
   > records and glue can be sent.
   > 
   > => if this means a partial RRset this is not (yet) allowed
   
   Yes.
   I don't see much harm sending partial RRsets where they are not
  authoritative though.
   But that could be wrong.
    
=> you have to explain how partial RRsets make sense with DNSSEC too.

   >   (3) Respond to explicit requests for an A record, where the
   > non-authoritative value is held as glue, with a non-authoritative
   > answer.
   > 
   > => IMHO this doesn't fit in the authoritative vs caching servers model.
   > And of course you can't send the query to an authoritative server if
   > you don't know an address of one of them (:-).
   
=> to summary: either the answering server is an authoritative server (and
BTW the NS RRset in the referral is authoritative too), or it is a
caching/recursive server (and the reponse is non-authoritative and matches
the query, i.e., has a NS RRset only if the query type is NS).

   Umm.. don't understand you here. I'm saying the parent authoritative
   server responds to a request for a "necessary" glue A record with the value.

=> necessary or required? the second one is defined, the first one is
more useful but there is no easy criterion to recognize it.

   Currently servers always give the same referral (for a given child zone),
   regardless of the question ( at least this seems the most common response 
   - not sure if the standard is explicit here ).
    
=> the standard defines what is a referral.

Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr

PS: in conclusion if the DNSSEC stuff doesn't fit in the referral the TC
flag should be set, if the required glue doesn't fit in the referral the
TC flag should be set, if the server is caching/recursive the response
is not a referral and the TC will be set if there is no enough space.

The remaining case is for necessary but not required glue in a referral.
Note your example is not in this case.

--
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From terrestriale52@mdadams.com  Tue Jun 23 07:00:39 2009
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From: dnsext-archive@ietf.org
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Subject: Discover the magical powers of the Acai Fruit.
Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2009 15:59:59 +0100
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Discover Acai Berry numerous weight loss and health benefits.=20
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The results of your email command are provided below. Attached is your
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- Unprocessed:
    Acai will get you those slim and sexy abs you dream of.
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    =A0
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    best regards Montgomer=20
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- Done.


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From: dnsext-archive@ietf.org
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Discover Acai Berry numerous weight loss and health benefits.=20
Acai will get you those slim and sexy abs you dream of.
&nbsp;
Break into this site
=A0
=A0
Thank You!=20
best regards Montgomer=20
Brantley
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<DIV align=3Dcenter><STRONG><FONT color=3D#000080=20
size=3D4>Discover Acai Berry numerous weight loss and health benefits. </FO=
NT></STRONG></DIV>
<DIV align=3Dcenter><STRONG><FONT=20
color=3D#0000ff>Acai will get you those slim and sexy abs you dream of.</FO=
NT></STRONG></DIV>
<DIV align=3Dcenter><STRONG><FONT color=3D#0000ff></FONT></STRONG>&nbsp;</D=
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href=3D"http://tdtakgqw13.xvdmvvi.cn/?CD1XEYRKB1ZA">Break into this site</A=
></FONT></STRONG></DIV>
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<DIV align=3Dcenter><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial></FONT>=A0</DIV>
<DIV align=3Dleft><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>Thank You! </FONT></DIV>
<DIV align=3Dleft><FONT size=3D2 face=3DArial>best regards Montgomer=20
Brantley</FONT></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun 23 07:39:23 2009
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Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2009 10:33:36 -0400
From: Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com>
To: Namedroppers Mailing List <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again)
Message-ID: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com>
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There's a thread on the DNS-OARC dns-operations list
<dns-operations@mail.dns-oarc.net> that is really a protocol issue, so
I'm bringing it up here.  The subject is, once again, how a validator
should behave in the presence of multiple trust anchors.

BIND prefers the closest trust anchor to the QNAME, while the latest
version of the dnssec-bis-updates draft calls for trying all trust
anchors until one succeeds.  The draft also calls for a configurable
option to enable favoring the closest trust anchor to the QNAME.
Please see:

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-dnsext-dnssec-bis-updates-08#section-=
4.8

This text was based on a namedroppers thread from early September 2008
entitled "Proposed addition to dnssec-bis-updates: Nested Trust
Anchors".  By my (and the dnssec-bis-editors') reckoning, "try all
trust anchors" was overwhelmingly the preferred option.  (I just
re-read the entire thread.)

Now, of course, dnssec-bis-updates isn't final, but last September's
discussion looks pretty clear to me.  Since we are apparently still
discussing this topic, I wanted to point out the nested trust anchor
text in dnssec-bis-updates so there are no surprises at last call.

It would sure be nice to see BIND change its default behavior to "try
all trust anchors" and make "trust the closest trust anchor" a
configurable option.

Matt


----- Forwarded message from Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org> -----

=46rom: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dns-operations] .Org DNSSEC key management policy feedback
To: Roy Arends <roy@dnss.ec>
Cc: dns-operations@mail.dns-oarc.net
Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2009 12:18:14 +1000


In message <BDDA5135-E57B-4EE5-AC1B-C6E414729E6D@dnss.ec>, Roy Arends write=
s:
> On Jun 23, 2009, at 9:39 AM, Mark Andrews wrote:
>=20
> >
> > In message <1D337EA2-A581-47CE-98AA-E95754465293@dnss.ec>, Roy =20
> > Arends writes:
> >> On Jun 23, 2009, at 3:11 AM, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
> >>
> >>> On Sun, Jun 21, 2009 at 03:24:20PM +0000, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.c=
om
> >>> wrote:
> >>>> On Sun, Jun 21, 2009 at 07:50:47AM -0700, David Conrad wrote:
> >>>
> >>>>> Yes, but until the root is signed, people will still need to =20
> >>>>> update
> >>>>> their trust anchors to reflect all the islands of trust, including
> >>>>> the
> >>>>> TLDs, they want to validated.
> >>>
> >>>> 	even then, they might want to keep the .ORG key
> >>>
> >>> I'm rather hoping not.  Given the way BIND prefers the "closest"
> >>> configured trust anchor, I think it will make things less reliable.
> >>> Suppose people decide to keep their existing .org key, and then the
> >>> root is signed, and the key-keepers think, "Good," and stop checking
> >>> for updates.  On the next .org key-roll, all of .org instantly goes
> >>> dark for those people with the stale key.
> >>
> >> That still hasn't been fixed?  It seems wrong and very annoying. In =
=20
> >> my
> >> end user experience, it violates the principle of least astonishment.
> >
> > 	Actually it doesn't.  If you configure a trust-anchor for
> > 	your own company you don't want anything overriding it.
> > 	Having that overridden would be POLA violation.
> >
> > 	Having things break because you stopped managing/tracking
> > 	them is not a POLA violation.
>=20
> That is a niche kind of market. It would be nice if this behavior =20
> would be configurable, but should not be the default. You seem to be =20
> under the impression that this behavior is standardized in some =20
> protocol specification, and thus should be the default.

	It is the default for BIND.  It has been for 10 years now.
	Changing the default policy in BIND would be POLA violation.
=20
> >> I remember the main counter argument was that folks might want to
> >> configure the .ORG key for everything in and under .ORG, and not =20
> >> trust
> >> the root key for .ORG, but do trust the root key for everything else.
> >> Doesn't fly. There might be simple dependencies from domains under =20
> >> ORG
> >> on something not ORG. See for instance http://www.links.org/?p=3D635 on
> >> "who pwns the internet".
> >
> > 	For . and ORG I agree.  For ORG and ISC.ORG I disagree.
> > 	For wattle.id.au (when it is signed) and andrews.wattlet.id.au
> > 	I disagree.  There are couple of hundred zones where your
> > 	policy makes sense.  There are millions where named's default
> > 	policy will make sense.
>=20
> Imagine I have configured a key for au and for net.au. The latter key =20
> is not updated. Whoops, there goes id.au.

	If you stuff up key management things go wrong.

> > 	Your policy model make sense if you *start* doing DNSSEC
> > 	during the bottom up development phase.
>=20
> That is, imho, the phase we're getting into.

	And I'm writing code that will still be in use 10 years
	down the track.  You want a default policy that will be out
	of date in 7 months for ORG.  ORG will be in top-down by
	the end of the year.  COM a little longer but not much.
=20
> >  If you start in
> > 	the top down phase it doesn't and top down is the long term
> > 	status.
>=20
> By that time, this policy should be configurable, and eventually, the =20
> default can be changed on behalf on market demand.

	People need "trust the closest trust anchor only" policy now.

	People will never need "use any possible trust anchor" policy.
	It might be nice to have but it will never be a needed policy.

	Mark
=20
> Kind regards,
>=20
> Roy
--=20
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org
_______________________________________________
dns-operations mailing list
dns-operations@lists.dns-oarc.net
https://lists.dns-oarc.net/mailman/listinfo/dns-operations


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To: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>
Cc: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Tue, 23 Jun 2009 15:21:53 +0200." <200906231321.n5NDLrtK014017@givry.fdupont.fr> 
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2009 00:32:18 +1000
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In message <200906231321.n5NDLrtK014017@givry.fdupont.fr>, Francis Dupont write
s:
> PS: in conclusion if the DNSSEC stuff doesn't fit in the referral the TC
> flag should be set, if the required glue doesn't fit in the referral the
> TC flag should be set, if the server is caching/recursive the response
> is not a referral and the TC will be set if there is no enough space.

For the record named already does this.

1804.   [bug]           Ensure that if we are queried for glue that it fits
                        in the additional section or TC is set to tell the
                        client to retry using TCP. [RT #10114]

BIND 9.2.6, 9.3.2, 9.4.0

Note: this does not help for the case of sibling glue.  An argument
could be made that you should never drop glue (manditory or sibling)
and TC should be set if you need to for a referral.

Glue is much more complicated than RFC 1034 would lead you to
believe.  RFC 1034 is clearly wrong when it says the only required
glue is that which is below the delegation.

Mark

manditory: glue from beneath the delegation
sibling: glue from beneath a sibling delegation
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun 23 08:19:21 2009
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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>
To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-reply-to: Your message of Tue, 23 Jun 2009 15:03:28 BST. <C9DC1D43E74246CDA2B1F155B0B779E8@localhost> 
Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2009 17:14:50 +0200
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   Well I have tried my best to find what the spec says, I could not
  find anything very explicit, but there is this:

    http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc4035#section-3.1.4 
   
      Including these DS, NSEC, and RRSIG RRs increases the size of
      referral messages and may cause some or all glue RRs to be omitted.
      If space does not permit inclusion of the DS or NSEC RRset and
      associated RRSIG RRs, the name server MUST set the TC bit (see
      Section 3.1.1).
   
   Here there is a fairly clear implication that glue RRs are omitted,
  without setting the TC bit, and this seems to be universal practice.
   
=> I agree but this applies only to not required glue RRs, so the
issue is for necessary but not required glue RRs (i.e., which may
be omitted (== not required) but are necessary to reach name servers).

   So this seems to be an unpleasant trap, and it's seems quite likely
  someone can fall into it one day. A child zone can be cut off from
  some resolvers, with no warning, when it's parent does a rollover that
  tips a referral over the limit.
   
=> if I disagree about the details I agree there is a real problem.
IMHO the simplest solution is to set the TC bit but we have to be
sure it is not a frequent case first...

Regards

Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun 23 10:15:35 2009
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Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2009 13:04:37 -0400
To: Namedroppers Mailing List <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
From: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again)
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At 10:33 -0400 6/23/09, Matt Larson wrote:

>This text was based on a namedroppers thread from early September 2008
>entitled "Proposed addition to dnssec-bis-updates: Nested Trust
>Anchors".  By my (and the dnssec-bis-editors') reckoning, "try all
>trust anchors" was overwhelmingly the preferred option.  (I just
>re-read the entire thread.)

I haven't re-read the thread but for the sake of robustness, trying 
any possible way to validate data is a good thing.  OTOH, an 
implementation should make sure that the user is aware if they have 
nested trust anchors, in an effort to limit stale anchors inviting 
attacks using past private keys gone public.

>Now, of course, dnssec-bis-updates isn't final, but last September's
>discussion looks pretty clear to me.  Since we are apparently still
>discussing this topic, I wanted to point out the nested trust anchor
>text in dnssec-bis-updates so there are no surprises at last call.
>
>It would sure be nice to see BIND change its default behavior to "try
>all trust anchors" and make "trust the closest trust anchor" a
>configurable option.

With the caveat that this WG isn't the right vehicle to bring about 
change in a specific implementation, and trying to generalize my 
recommendation:

A validator should try all possible trust anchors and try all 
possible signature chains to find one that "works."  At this point 
the answer should be considered valid.  Recall that the bar in DNSSEC 
isn't the accuracy of the data but the accuracy of the delivery of 
the data.

A trusted anchor module should make every attempt to limit the 
presence of stale data hanging around.  This is weasel-ly worded 
because I don't have a clear mechanism for this in my own head. 
Perhaps this means 5011 support or something like root zone hints 
priming.  (Yadda, yadda, yadda...)
-- 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Edward Lewis
NeuStar                    You can leave a voice message at +1-571-434-5468

As with IPv6, the problem with the deployment of frictionless surfaces is
that they're not getting traction.

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From emotionally1@litominas.com.br  Tue Jun 23 11:12:24 2009
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Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2009 16:20:57 -0300
From: dnsext-archive@lists.ietf.org
Subject: Lose weight fast with the world's #1 acai berry Free Trial
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Your Health is what counts. Haste to come http://www.metrejaksel.in/?rgmeemumyd


best regards Dewayne Hanna
 


From mexicalit@polyloop.net  Tue Jun 23 12:22:07 2009
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Date: Tue, 23 Jun 2009 15:22:04 -0500
From: disman-bounces@ietf.org
Subject: Discover the magical powers of the Acai Fruit.
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FIght cancer daily , by just adding Acai Berry to your diet. One click is enough http://www.metrejaksel.in/?rgmeemumyd


best regards Lee Hendrickson
 


From unattributedg29@safeboats.com  Tue Jun 23 17:40:43 2009
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Subject: Discover Acai Berry numerous weight loss and health benefits. 
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To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
Cc: "Francis Dupont" <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>, "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Wed, 24 Jun 2009 06:10:26 +0100." <83C433523C814BD994275B1650CB75AA@localhost> 
Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2009 16:13:09 +1000
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In message <83C433523C814BD994275B1650CB75AA@localhost>, "George Barwood" write
s:
> ----- Original Message ----- 
> From: "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>
> To: "Francis Dupont" <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>
> Cc: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>; <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
> Sent: Tuesday, June 23, 2009 3:32 PM
> Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
> 
> 
> > For the record named already does this.
> > 
> > 1804.   [bug]           Ensure that if we are queried for glue that it fits
> >                        in the additional section or TC is set to tell the
> >                        client to retry using TCP. [RT #10114]
> > 
> > BIND 9.2.6, 9.3.2, 9.4.0
> 
> Thanks for this, that helps considerably.
> 
> There still seem to be conflicting requirements here though.
> 
> For example, for the non-DNSSEC query
> 
> dig net @a.root-servers.net

	Which isn't a realist query.  Add another label and you
	start loosing addresses.

	dig lkkasdh.net @a.root-servers.net
 
> we do not want to set TC ( the response with all required/necessary glue included does not fit in 512 bytes ).
> [ Note: RFC 1034 uses necessary, RFC 1035 uses required, I assume no distinction was intended ]
> 
> So the question arises, how much glue is enough? How many name servers are enough?

	The requirement is not to get a resolution deadlock.  The
	only way to ensure that is to return all the potential glue
	(addresses for names under the delegating zone).

> I don't think the standard needs to be 100% prescriptive here,
> but it ought to indicate the pitfalls.  Since falling back to TCP
> is undesirable and quite likely to fail in practice,

	TCP works in practice.  There are only rare failures.

> I think reasonable efforts should be made to avoid this where
> possible, both on the resolver and server side.

	Which basically has been done.

	Mark
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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References: <200906240613.n5O6D9ro099793@drugs.dv.isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 24 01:41:51 2009
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To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
Cc: "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>, "Francis Dupont" <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Wed, 24 Jun 2009 07:52:43 +0100." <BD1A7DCCD8C24AFB92FD895C690C381E@localhost> 
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In message <BD1A7DCCD8C24AFB92FD895C690C381E@localhost>, "George Barwood" write
s:
> 
> ----- Original Message ----- 
> From: "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>
> To: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
> Cc: "Francis Dupont" <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>; "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>; <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
> Sent: Wednesday, June 24, 2009 7:13 AM
> Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
> 
> 
> > 
> > In message <83C433523C814BD994275B1650CB75AA@localhost>, "George Barwood" write
> > s:
> >> ----- Original Message ----- 
> >> From: "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>
> >> To: "Francis Dupont" <Francis.Dupont@fdupont.fr>
> >> Cc: "George Barwood" <george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk>; <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
> >> Sent: Tuesday, June 23, 2009 3:32 PM
> >> Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
> >> 
> >> 
> >> > For the record named already does this.
> >> > 
> >> > 1804.   [bug]           Ensure that if we are queried for glue that it fits
> >> >                        in the additional section or TC is set to tell the
> >> >                        client to retry using TCP. [RT #10114]
> >> > 
> >> > BIND 9.2.6, 9.3.2, 9.4.0
> >> 
> >> Thanks for this, that helps considerably.
> >> 
> >> There still seem to be conflicting requirements here though.
> >> 
> >> For example, for the non-DNSSEC query
> >> 
> >> dig net @a.root-servers.net
> > 
> > Which isn't a realist query.  Add another label and you
> > start loosing addresses.
> 
> If you use +edns=0, you can see that addresses have already been lost.
> That's the point of the example really ( full response size is 517 bytes ).
> 
> Also I think it is realistic, a good resolver will I suggest keep the
> question short for TLDs.
> That helps.
> 
> > dig lkkasdh.net @a.root-servers.net
> > 
> >> we do not want to set TC ( the response with all required/necessary glue included does not fit in 512 bytes ).
> >> [ Note: RFC 1034 uses necessary, RFC 1035 uses required, I assume no distinction was intended ]
> >> 
> >> So the question arises, how much glue is enough? How many name servers are enough?
> > 
> > The requirement is not to get a resolution deadlock.  The
> > only way to ensure that is to return all the potential glue
> > (addresses for names under the delegating zone).
> 
> Hmm... well I need to think about that, but I'm not convinced.
> For example I suspect returning a random subset of 4 glue records is
> good enough, and preferable to TCP fallbacks. But this needs thought.
>  
> >> I don't think the standard needs to be 100% prescriptive here,
> >> but it ought to indicate the pitfalls.  Since falling back to TCP
> >> is undesirable and quite likely to fail in practice,
> > 
> > TCP works in practice.  There are only rare failures.
> 
> Maybe if you are in the USA with good connections.

	I'm not in the US.

> I frequently cannot get a TCP connection to .org servers, for example.
> I guess UDP(/53?) packets tend to get prioritized by networks
> (not my expertise though ).

	I would suggest that you look at your own network.  It's
	not the general case.

> >> I think reasonable efforts should be made to avoid this where
> >> possible, both on the resolver and server side.
> > 
> > Which basically has been done.
> 
> Maybe, but I think further thought, especially in light of BIND @512,
> may be worthwhile.

	Plain DNS is the exception not the rule these days.  EDNS@512
	is the exception not the rule.

	Mark
 
> > Mark
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 24 01:54:54 2009
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To: george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
From: sthaug@nethelp.no
In-Reply-To: <BD1A7DCCD8C24AFB92FD895C690C381E@localhost>
References: <200906240613.n5O6D9ro099793@drugs.dv.isc.org> <BD1A7DCCD8C24AFB92FD895C690C381E@localhost>
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> I frequently cannot get a TCP connection to .org servers, for example.
> I guess UDP(/53?) packets tend to get prioritized by networks ( not my expertise though ).

"Tend to get prioritized by networks"? Hardly. In most networks UDP
packets are treated just like any other IP packets - i.e. best effort.

Steinar Haug, Nethelp consulting, sthaug@nethelp.no

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 24 08:09:10 2009
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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: sthaug@nethelp.no
cc: george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 24 Jun 2009 10:50:37 +0200." <20090624.105037.74726950.sthaug@nethelp.no> 
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> Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2009 10:50:37 +0200 (CEST)
> From: sthaug@nethelp.no
> 
> "Tend to get prioritized by networks"? Hardly. In most networks UDP
> packets are treated just like any other IP packets - i.e. best effort.

i wish that were the case.  udp/53 gets rampantly monetized by middleboxes
to a degree far beyond that of any other kind of IP packet.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Wed Jun 24 08:09:11 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 24 Jun 2009 18:36:22 +1000." <200906240836.n5O8aMAW000739@drugs.dv.isc.org> 
References: <200906240836.n5O8aMAW000739@drugs.dv.isc.org> 
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> From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
> Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2009 18:36:22 +1000
> 
> 	Plain DNS is the exception not the rule these days.  EDNS@512
> 	is the exception not the rule.

can we do some measurement and analysis, to prove (or not) that assertion?
for example, ISC SIE sees ~50Mbit/sec of DNS response traffic now.  can we
extract out the EDNS information from a few hours of data to find out what
is actually working?  or if that's too narrow, can someone write a perl or
awk script and post it here so that a lot of folks can all run tcpdump on
busy recursive nameservers and extract out the information needed?  duane
wessels of OARC, i'm looking at *you*.

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From morsel16@totallywebbed.com  Wed Jun 24 11:40:07 2009
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To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Wed, 24 Jun 2009 15:02:03 GMT." <5893.1245855723@nsa.vix.com> 
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In message <5893.1245855723@nsa.vix.com>, Paul Vixie writes:
> > From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
> > Date: Wed, 24 Jun 2009 18:36:22 +1000
> > 
> > 	Plain DNS is the exception not the rule these days.  EDNS@512
> > 	is the exception not the rule.
> 
> can we do some measurement and analysis, to prove (or not) that assertion?

	Well for iterative traffic it is.

	Recursive traffic is still mostly plain DNS but recursive
	traffic doesn't need additional data.

	Adding "options edns0" to resolv.conf works for the latter
	but it is not the default.

	Mark

> for example, ISC SIE sees ~50Mbit/sec of DNS response traffic now.  can we
> extract out the EDNS information from a few hours of data to find out what
> is actually working?  or if that's too narrow, can someone write a perl or
> awk script and post it here so that a lot of folks can all run tcpdump on
> busy recursive nameservers and extract out the information needed?  duane
> wessels of OARC, i'm looking at *you*.
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
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-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 25 Jun 2009 09:11:35 +1000." <200906242311.n5ONBane012297@drugs.dv.isc.org> 
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> From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
> Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 09:11:35 +1000
> 
> > > 	Plain DNS is the exception not the rule these days.  EDNS@512 is
> > > 	the exception not the rule.
> > 
> > can we do some measurement and analysis, to prove (or not) that
> > assertion?
> 
> 	Well for iterative traffic it is.

i repeat: show me.

> 	Recursive traffic is still mostly plain DNS but recursive
> 	traffic doesn't need additional data.
> 
> 	Adding "options edns0" to resolv.conf works for the latter
> 	but it is not the default.

where are the reproduceable test results that underlay these assertions?

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To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 25 Jun 2009 02:23:16 GMT." <35962.1245896596@nsa.vix.com> 
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In message <35962.1245896596@nsa.vix.com>, Paul Vixie writes:
> > From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
> > Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 09:11:35 +1000
> > 
> > > > 	Plain DNS is the exception not the rule these days.  EDNS@512 i
> s
> > > > 	the exception not the rule.
> > > 
> > > can we do some measurement and analysis, to prove (or not) that
> > > assertion?
> > 
> > 	Well for iterative traffic it is.
> 
> i repeat: show me.

	We have ~70% EDNS capable iterative clients (see the recent
	ORG analsyis).  We have > 70% EDNS capable auth servers.
	Both of these figures are growing.  This give a successful
	EDNS transaction > 50% of the time as it requires both ends
	to support EDNS.

	EDNS@512 only capable < 1% (again from recent ORG analsyis).

> > 	Recursive traffic is still mostly plain DNS but recursive
> > 	traffic doesn't need additional data.
> > 
> > 	Adding "options edns0" to resolv.conf works for the latter
> > 	but it is not the default.
> 
> where are the reproduceable test results that underlay these assertions?
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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References: Your message of "Thu, 25 Jun 2009 02:23:16 GMT."             <35962.1245896596@nsa.vix.com> <200906250319.n5P3JSLw015341@drugs.dv.isc.org>
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck
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>    EDNS@512 only capable < 1% (again from recent ORG analsyis).

I don't believe that analysis shows that they're _only_ capable of 
EDNS@512, they might still be perfectly capable of EDNS@1460

Ray

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<tt><font size=2><br>
&gt; &nbsp; &nbsp;EDNS@512 only capable &lt; 1% (again from recent ORG
analsyis).<br>
</font></tt>
<br><tt><font size=2>I don't believe that analysis shows that they're _only_
capable of EDNS@512, they might still be perfectly capable of EDNS@1460</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>Ray</font></tt>
<br>
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To: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk
Cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:12:34 +0100." <OF11E2ED72.5B4C319E-ON802575E0.002202E7-802575E0.00221BD7@nominet.org.uk> 
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In message <OF11E2ED72.5B4C319E-ON802575E0.002202E7-802575E0.00221BD7@nominet.o
rg.uk>, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk writes:
> >    EDNS@512 only capable < 1% (again from recent ORG analsyis).
> 
> I don't believe that analysis shows that they're _only_ capable of 
> EDNS@512, they might still be perfectly capable of EDNS@1460

The roots don't emit EDNS answers that would be dropped due to
fragmentation.  EDNS@512 at the root < 1%.  Some of that is from
nameservers that don't see any replies.  Some of that is from
nameservers where all EDNS answers are filtered.

For ORG some of the EDNS@512 will be due to fragmented responses
not getting through but again that is < 1%.

Whatever the case 1% is a over estimate.

> Ray
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 25 00:16:11 2009
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To: vixie@isc.org
Cc: george.barwood@blueyonder.co.uk, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
From: sthaug@nethelp.no
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> > "Tend to get prioritized by networks"? Hardly. In most networks UDP
> > packets are treated just like any other IP packets - i.e. best effort.
> 
> i wish that were the case.  udp/53 gets rampantly monetized by middleboxes
> to a degree far beyond that of any other kind of IP packet.

That may well be the case - however, as far as I know the big transit
providers (e.g. Global Crossing, Level3 etc) don't do anything special
with DNS traffic. I know the ISP I work for doesn't...

Steinar Haug, Nethelp consulting, sthaug@nethelp.no

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 25 00:17:01 2009
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To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Cc: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk,  namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck
References: <200906250620.n5P6KHpt017833@drugs.dv.isc.org>
From: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 09:13:50 +0200
In-Reply-To: <200906250620.n5P6KHpt017833@drugs.dv.isc.org> (Mark Andrews's message of "Thu\, 25 Jun 2009 16\:20\:17 +1000")
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* Mark Andrews:

> The roots don't emit EDNS answers that would be dropped due to
> fragmentation.

They actually do (you posted DF=3D1 examples yourself), but this lack of
conformance is irrelevant because anyone who can't receive such
packets will only have reduced connectivity (even if they get DNS from
someone else), so they will fix whatever is causing this.

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck
References: <200906250319.n5P3JSLw015341@drugs.dv.isc.org>
From: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 09:43:47 +0200
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* Mark Andrews:

> 	We have ~70% EDNS capable iterative clients (see the recent
> 	ORG analsyis).

I still don't think the ORG numbers are representative due to the way
ORG is currently served.

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 25 05:04:53 2009
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Subject: [dnsext] Glue Caching Misbehaviours
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Seems a bit pointless rewriting my problem statement and the  
followups, so here's the IETF general discussion:
http://www.mail-archive.com/ietf@ietf.org/msg42037.html

It affects all implementations to date because everybody makes the  
same mistake, that of imagining that glue is usable as persistent,  
cachable answers.

Please discuss. :-)

Cheers,
Sabahattin


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To: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again)
References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <a06240800c666a6493471@[10.31.200.183]>
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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

Hi,

On 06/23/2009 07:04 PM, Edward Lewis wrote:
> At 10:33 -0400 6/23/09, Matt Larson wrote:
> 
>> This text was based on a namedroppers thread from early September 2008
>> entitled "Proposed addition to dnssec-bis-updates: Nested Trust
>> Anchors".  By my (and the dnssec-bis-editors') reckoning, "try all
>> trust anchors" was overwhelmingly the preferred option.  (I just
>> re-read the entire thread.)

I oppose the 'try all anchors'.  Current bind choice to apply the
closest is the most sensible one, because a higher trust anchor is not
particularly more trusted.  Probably less trusted, since it has a
broader scope.  If a user enters a trust anchor, it decides it wants to
trust *that* anchor.  Like in any configuration, the narrower the scope,
the more relevant the information.

I want the text in dnssec-bis-updates to be changed to say it should try
the closest set of trust anchors.  Best is to remove the text, it is all
about configuration which is probably not really important once the
'many islands' DNSSEC turns into a root signed DNSSEC.

What I saw was a lot of people chiming into, like Ed's below, 'trying
more is more robust'.  However, it is less secure.  The point is to have
trust in the anchor.  Trying more is also unlikely to work, since the
operator added this lower (non-working) anchor, the global-root-chain of
trust is unlikely to work, or if it works, be trusted.

Mostly people responded with 'but if the root is signed and the
operators forgets his configured trust anchor ...'.   Well the operator
of course has automated trust-anchor tracking on that anchor, so it
should be no problem.  And every trust anchor without proper update
mechanisms is going to be outofdate anyway.  Going to the root only
creates a security problem in this space, and does not solve anything.

So, I want to reiterate my position that I think this creates a surprise
in configuration.  And a security related one at that.

> I haven't re-read the thread but for the sake of robustness, trying any
> possible way to validate data is a good thing.  OTOH, an implementation
> should make sure that the user is aware if they have nested trust
> anchors, in an effort to limit stale anchors inviting attacks using past
> private keys gone public.
> 
>> Now, of course, dnssec-bis-updates isn't final, but last September's
>> discussion looks pretty clear to me.  Since we are apparently still
>> discussing this topic, I wanted to point out the nested trust anchor
>> text in dnssec-bis-updates so there are no surprises at last call.
>>
>> It would sure be nice to see BIND change its default behavior to "try
>> all trust anchors" and make "trust the closest trust anchor" a
>> configurable option.

No, it should not.  Plans are to have the root signed. Once that is done
this is most likely the higher trust anchor.  If a user configures a
lower trust anchor, most likely this is when the user wants something
specific for (his own company, or his own country, his own military,
...).  And that user does not trust 'he who holds the root key'.

Of course, users probably won't be configuring trust anchors, except the
root, anyway.  Unless it is an entirely local matter, in which case
trying the global roots won't help.

> With the caveat that this WG isn't the right vehicle to bring about
> change in a specific implementation, and trying to generalize my
> recommendation:
> 
> A validator should try all possible trust anchors and try all possible
> signature chains to find one that "works."  At this point the answer
> should be considered valid.  Recall that the bar in DNSSEC isn't the
> accuracy of the data but the accuracy of the delivery of the data.
> 
> A trusted anchor module should make every attempt to limit the presence
> of stale data hanging around.  This is weasel-ly worded because I don't
> have a clear mechanism for this in my own head. Perhaps this means 5011
> support or something like root zone hints priming.  (Yadda, yadda,
> yadda...)

Please explain to me again why this is needed and should be in
dnssec-updates?

Best regards,
   Wouter
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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com>
Cc: Namedroppers Mailing List <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: [dnsext] Re: Nested trust anchors (again)
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On Tue, Jun 23, 2009 at 10:33:36AM -0400,
 Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com> wrote 
 a message of 149 lines which said:

> the latest version of the dnssec-bis-updates draft calls for trying
> all trust anchors until one succeeds.  The draft also calls for a
> configurable option to enable favoring the closest trust anchor to
> the QNAME.

Without discussing of the ideal default option, I would like the draft
to mention other possible policies as well. I can see at least four,
and IMHO, there is an use case for each of them:

* ANY trust-anchor which works (the current default policy in
dnssec-bis-updates)

* ALL the trust-anchors must work (highly secure, for the truly
paranoids)

* The CLOSEST trust-anchor must work (if I configure a local
trust-anchor, it is because I know what I do)

* The HIGHEST trust-anchor must work (the root trust anchor will
probably be less stale than local ones).



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Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 14:50:23 +0200
From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: [dnsext] Re: Danger of coming unstuck
Message-ID: <20090625125023.GB20593@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org>
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On Wed, Jun 24, 2009 at 03:02:03PM +0000,
 Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org> wrote 
 a message of 18 lines which said:

> can we do some measurement and analysis, to prove (or not) that
> assertion?

On a .FR authoritative name server:

50.3 % of the requests are EDNS0. (TODO: same metric but only for big
clients, those with many requests.)

Sizes are:

 edns0_size | percentage 
------------+------------
       4096 |  95.86
       4000 |    .00
       2944 |    .00
       2048 |   2.78
       1500 |    .00
       1472 |    .00
       1460 |    .25
       1452 |    .00
       1400 |    .01
       1352 |    .00
       1300 |    .00
       1280 |    .27
       1252 |    .00
       1200 |    .03
       1024 |    .01
        800 |    .00
        730 |    .00
        512 |    .79

> can someone write a perl or awk script and post it here

Perl? Real Men <http://www.dnsmezzo.net/> do not use Perl!

SELECT DISTINCT edns0_size, count(id) AS number FROM Recent_packets
           WHERE query
           GROUP BY edns0_size ORDER BY edns0_size DESC;

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From: Sabahattin Gucukoglu <mail@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Glue Caching Misbehaviours
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 13:55:22 +0100
References: <2F9189CD-58A8-46B1-88C7-AC4D4BA2127F@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com> <0C56E994-CE14-4811-B3FB-DC2B78E78AAC@icsi.berkeley.edu>
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On 25 Jun 2009, at 13:34, Nicholas Weaver wrote:
> On Jun 25, 2009, at 4:58 AM, Sabahattin Gucukoglu wrote:
>> Seems a bit pointless rewriting my problem statement and the  
>> followups, so here's the IETF general discussion:
>> http://www.mail-archive.com/ietf@ietf.org/msg42037.html
>>
>> It affects all implementations to date because everybody makes the  
>> same mistake, that of imagining that glue is usable as persistent,  
>> cachable answers.
>>
>> Please discuss. :-)
>
> This is not necessarily the case for all resolvers.  EG, unbound  
> does not, and the ones used by Comcast do not, for example.

I imagine less common ones have a good chance of doing the right  
thing, I haven't yet studied unbound though.  All of the ones I tested  
certainly do exactly the same caching.

> This is actually something I specifically check for in Netalyzr ( http://netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu/ 
>  ), is how DNS resolvers handle glue records, including nameserver  
> glue records.
>
> I regret that Java is inaccessible to me.

> Bind, for example, will only accept and return such interior glue  
> records for the nameserver addresses only, but not an arbitrary  
> ADDITIONAL record.

Good for security.  But the problem of what happens when the  
nameserver whose address is being cached has reasons for having  
shorter TTLs than parent supplies, or of what happens when a  
changeover of delegation occurs in time for parent data to be cached  
but not for destructive changes to the original nameserver (as often  
happens when you stop using a registrar's nameservers).

All of this sort of nonsense goes away when we stop making assumptions  
about additional data from parent zones, as we should from the start.

Cheers,
Sabahattin


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 25 06:39:15 2009
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Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 09:33:30 -0400
To: Namedroppers Mailing List <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
From: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again)
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>>  A trusted anchor module should make every attempt to limit the presence
>>  of stale data hanging around.  This is weasel-ly worded because I don't
>>  have a clear mechanism for this in my own head. Perhaps this means 5011
>>  support or something like root zone hints priming.  (Yadda, yadda,
>>  yadda...)

At 14:08 +0200 6/25/09, W.C.A. Wijngaards wrote:

>Please explain to me again why this is needed and should be in
>dnssec-updates?

This is an open-ended question.  I'll ramble on for Wouter to see is 
this lays any ideas.   Perhaps it is too wide ranging for general 
consumption.

The issue begins with understanding the difference between a 
distributed system that has a "closed population" and an "open 
population."  In the former, the entire system can stay into the 
territory of closely coupled fairly easily.  In the latter, loose 
coupling is what can be achieved.  This lies in the fact that in a 
closed system it is possible to know you have polled all participants 
and are able to delineate a sequence of events, something important 
when scheduling access to a critical resource.  In an open system the 
problem becomes undecidable because you can never know what the real 
sequence of events is.  (Einstein's Special Theory of Relativity 
actually applies to this.)

With the Internet, particularly the DNS protocol within it, being an 
open system, the coupling of the system will be loose.  The 
consequence of trying to tighten up the system will merely cause 
cracks in the system near where you tighten it.  How does this 
theoretical hand waving play here?

There are too many actors involved to ever attain coherent (and 
unanimous) consensus on what is "trust."  In truth there is no "bad 
guys" just "guys with different goals that you and their goals are 
not compatible with yours."  Not everyone in the DNS wants the same 
security, they all do want security - for their interests.  If we try 
to establish a "one true secure system" will will be in a morass, 
like the issue of trying to sign the root now.

The reason the DNS (system) has become the monster it is lies in it's 
laid back nature regarding coordination in managing the pieces.  If 
you think it is bad that the delegation points are so "weak" in the 
sense that we have glue issues, what you are missing is that the 
loose coupling there is how the system was able to scale beyond the 
borders of the IETF.  The DNS architecture's success is a result of 
it embracing the nature of an open population distributed system. 
DNSSEC could have reversed that embrace but in doing so would have 
killed off DNSSEC.

The next factor is that the addition of security to any existing 
system innately injures the stability and availability of the system 
to some extent.  False positives, as it sometimes called.  This 
concept was described to me as "imagine a state machine" describing a 
system.  There are states which are "safe" and states that are 
vulnerable.  There is a third set of states which are "at risk."  At 
risk states are those in which some transitions out land in safe 
states and some transitions out land in vulnerable states.  The goal 
of a security system is to prevent the system from winding up in the 
vulnerable states, but this usually means that at risk states are 
also prevented.  The "false positive" here is a path from a safe to 
"at risk" to safe that is blocked (unnecessarily).  Like a homeowner 
who's locked out of their own house.

In DNSSEC, if you tighten the search for a trust anchor you will be 
cutting off at risk states.  You will be denying (DNS response) data 
that could be good, the consequence is a support call.  Harking back 
to the closed vs. open population, the bad part of a support call is 
not simply that it costs money to the handler, it's that the support 
call will go to the wrong entity.  It will likely go to the ISP or IT 
department, the folks least likely to be able to correct the problem 
(assuming they understand DNSSEC) - at best.

The final factor in trying all possible means is the operational rule 
that data statically stored anywhere is going to lead to problems 
eventually.  Again, harking back to issue one, operators live in a 
open population environment.  It is not possible to reliably do 
something "static" and have it go away on cue.  I have seen static 
configurations go away - usually during an audit.  But by and large, 
static data gets forgotten. Worse yet - forgotten in a way that means 
it is impossible to locate or remember that it is present.

I don't know if Olafur recalls this, but at UMD he did a study of 
traffic on the department's Ethernet cable network.  They observed a 
pattern of traffic that was causing low layer issues but it came from 
an unidentified source.  Eventually someone found the device and 
unplugged it and the issue went away.  One day the pattern returned - 
for some reason the location of the box had been forgotten by the 
network monitoring staff although it was known by - possibly a 
janitor who put the plug back in to the wall.

Things like that happen.  I picked that example because it is the 
earliest one I know personally.  (My job these days is to remember 
all of the places "static" data and ideas went.)  In the 80's it was 
equipment on a wire.  Nowadays it is items in a configuration/start 
up script.  Unless you are a Unix-like system admin, the amount of 
configuration data out there is just too dang much to track.

The summary of this is, DNSSEC's trust model is going to be one that 
has flexibility to adapt to the demands of a diverse and open 
population.  By the nature of being a security system, DNSSEC is 
crimping the actions of the base system, and to remain useful to the 
original system, has to try hard "to get the mail through."  Finally, 
most configured trust anchors will be stale at any given time.

PS - It's essential we try all ways to get the data through.  It 
would be a "really good idea" if any validator that has to fall back 
to another anchor makes this action known to somebody who can take an 
action on that.

Come to think of this, it's a lot like the debate over EDNS0 fallbacks.

-- 
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Edward Lewis
NeuStar                    You can leave a voice message at +1-571-434-5468

As with IPv6, the problem with the deployment of frictionless surfaces is
that they're not getting traction.

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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: [dnsext] Re: Danger of coming unstuck
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On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 02:50:23PM +0200,
 Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr> wrote 
 a message of 47 lines which said:

> 50.3 % of the requests are EDNS0. (TODO: same metric but only for big
> clients, those with many requests.)

I've set an arbitrary limit at 1000 queries received in two days. DNS
clients above this limit ("big resolvers", 6.0 % of the total number
of clients) are EDNS0 at 59.5 %.

So, there is hope, big clients are a bit better.

Also, in the same spirit, 28.9 % of the clients send at least one
EDNS0 packet. So we have a few big clients which are often EDNS0 and a
lot of small clients which are often not EDNS0 (namedroppers
subscribers playing with dig?)


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References: <200906240836.n5O8aMAW000739@drugs.dv.isc.org>  <5893.1245855723@nsa.vix.com> <20090625125023.GB20593@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org>  <20090625134157.GA25547@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org>
From: bert hubert <bert.hubert@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 16:00:16 +0200
Message-ID: <3efd34cc0906250700y1dbf6d22n3169d7d533f89ec6@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: Danger of coming unstuck
To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
Cc: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 3:41 PM, Stephane Bortzmeyer<bortzmeyer@nic.fr> wrote:
> Also, in the same spirit, 28.9 % of the clients send at least one
> EDNS0 packet. So we have a few big clients which are often EDNS0 and a
> lot of small clients which are often not EDNS0 (namedroppers
> subscribers playing with dig?)

Or you are seeing clients that fall back to non-EDNS0 on a timeout,
and stay that way?

I can't imagine bigger resolvers hiding behind NAT, so each client you
see is probably exactly that, a single server.

     Bert

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again)
References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <a06240800c666a6493471@[10.31.200.183]> <4A4368CA.3090203@nlnetlabs.nl> <a06240800c669246a5d8a@[192.168.1.102]>
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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

On 06/25/2009 03:33 PM, Edward Lewis wrote:
> The summary of this is, DNSSEC's trust model is going to be one that has
> flexibility to adapt to the demands of a diverse and open population. 
> By the nature of being a security system, DNSSEC is crimping the actions
> of the base system, and to remain useful to the original system, has to
> try hard "to get the mail through."  Finally, most configured trust
> anchors will be stale at any given time.

Thanks, I agree with the theory.  So, I change my position, agree with
dnssec-updates, and am now thinking about options for trust anchors -
what Stephane is talking about.

> PS - It's essential we try all ways to get the data through.  It would
> be a "really good idea" if any validator that has to fall back to
> another anchor makes this action known to somebody who can take an
> action on that.

Yes some warning, since the operator supplied the static data, its fine
to inform him about it.  Its not like trying to tell operators about
every lame server on the internet :-)

> Come to think of this, it's a lot like the debate over EDNS0 fallbacks.

And nail in the coffin for all those TCP, PING, 0x20 and also my own
forgery resilience options, in that they should really support all
fallbacks to make it work.  But they cannot provide their security to
all the domains, as they are too loosely coupled to be amenable.

Best regards,
   Wouter
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From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: bert hubert <bert.hubert@gmail.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: [dnsext] Re: Danger of coming unstuck
Message-ID: <20090625141204.GA28599@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org>
References: <200906240836.n5O8aMAW000739@drugs.dv.isc.org> <5893.1245855723@nsa.vix.com> <20090625125023.GB20593@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org> <20090625134157.GA25547@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org> <3efd34cc0906250700y1dbf6d22n3169d7d533f89ec6@mail.gmail.com>
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On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 04:00:16PM +0200,
 bert hubert <bert.hubert@gmail.com> wrote 
 a message of 13 lines which said:

> > a lot of small clients which are often not EDNS0 (namedroppers
> > subscribers playing with dig?)
> 
> Or you are seeing clients that fall back to non-EDNS0 on a timeout,

Unfortunately, there is no User-Agent string in DNS requests so it
will be hard to say :-)

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Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:22:02 -0700
To: "W.C.A. Wijngaards" <wouter@NLnetLabs.nl>
From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again)
Cc: Namedroppers Mailing List <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
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At 2:08 PM +0200 6/25/09, W.C.A. Wijngaards wrote:
>I oppose the 'try all anchors'. 

Please pardon me for being blunt, but this is not about what *you* want in your system, it is about what would be best for the Internet as a whole. You might want "try closest", and the current document says that should be available.

The assumption that you (and BIND) make is that someone has carefully thought out the effects of each individual trust anchor in the root pile. That is clearly a wrong assumption when considering the Internet as a whole. The example that generated this discussion is still relevant. In time order:

- Trust anchor for example.sub is added
- Later, trust anchor for example is added
- The maintainer for example.sub rolls the key and does the right thing with its parent
- You and BIND see example.sub go bogus because you didn't remove the "closer" trust anchor

You might want that to happen based on a policy that says you will always calculate the relationships between every trust anchor. Some of us don't want that to be the default on the Internet because we believe that DNS admins will not be so careful, and the effect is that zones go bogus *even though the resolver has the right information*.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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To: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 25 Jun 2009 09:13:50 +0200." <82eit8zsy9.fsf@mid.bfk.de> 
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In message <82eit8zsy9.fsf@mid.bfk.de>, Florian Weimer writes:
> * Mark Andrews:
> 
> > The roots don't emit EDNS answers that would be dropped due to
> > fragmentation.
> 
> They actually do (you posted DF=3D1 examples yourself), but this lack of
> conformance is irrelevant because anyone who can't receive such
> packets will only have reduced connectivity (even if they get DNS from
> someone else), so they will fix whatever is causing this.

And the answers the roots produce don't get big enough to trigger
fragmentation on current links.  This assumes that someone hasn't
configured a link to use a dramatically smaller mtu than standard.

> --=20
> Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
> BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
> Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
> D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99
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1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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To: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 25 Jun 2009 09:43:47 +0200." <823a9ozrkc.fsf@mid.bfk.de> 
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In message <823a9ozrkc.fsf@mid.bfk.de>, Florian Weimer writes:
> * Mark Andrews:
> 
> > 	We have ~70% EDNS capable iterative clients (see the recent
> > 	ORG analsyis).
> 
> I still don't think the ORG numbers are representative due to the way
> ORG is currently served.

The root servers also show this.  I suspect that if you sample any
EDNS capable TLD you will get similar traffic distributions.  If
you sample a TLD which doesn't use EDNS capable servers you will
see more plain DNS than EDNS as the EDNS clients fallback to plain
DNS.
 
> --=20
> Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
> BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
> Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
> D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
cc: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 25 Jun 2009 16:20:17 +1000." <200906250620.n5P6KHpt017833@drugs.dv.isc.org> 
References: <200906250620.n5P6KHpt017833@drugs.dv.isc.org> 
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> From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
> Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 16:20:17 +1000
> Sender: owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
> 
> The roots don't emit EDNS answers that would be dropped due to
> fragmentation.  EDNS@512 at the root < 1%.  Some of that is from
> nameservers that don't see any replies.  Some of that is from
> nameservers where all EDNS answers are filtered.
> 
> For ORG some of the EDNS@512 will be due to fragmented responses
> not getting through but again that is < 1%.
> 
> Whatever the case 1% is a over estimate.

again i say, i'd like to see references to reproduceable results on this.

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 25 Jun 2009 09:43:47 +0200." <823a9ozrkc.fsf@mid.bfk.de> 
References: <200906250319.n5P3JSLw015341@drugs.dv.isc.org>  <823a9ozrkc.fsf@mid.bfk.de> 
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> From: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
> Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 09:43:47 +0200
> 
> > 	We have ~70% EDNS capable iterative clients (see the recent
> > 	ORG analsyis).
> 
> I still don't think the ORG numbers are representative due to the way
> ORG is currently served.

florian, perhaps you can do a 24-hour study of ISC SIE's data and tell
us all what you find?

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 25 08:06:03 2009
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Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 11:02:31 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Glue Caching Misbehaviours
Message-ID: <20090625150231.GD375@shinkuro.com>
References: <2F9189CD-58A8-46B1-88C7-AC4D4BA2127F@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com>
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On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 12:58:29PM +0100, Sabahattin Gucukoglu wrote:
> Seems a bit pointless rewriting my problem statement and the followups, 
> so here's the IETF general discussion:
> http://www.mail-archive.com/ietf@ietf.org/msg42037.html

[â€¦]

> Please discuss. :-)

Well, before we start discussing, you could read
http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-wijngaards-dnsext-resolver-side-mitigation-01.txt
and see whether you think that draft needs to be adopted by the WG, or
whether that material is at least a topic that the WG needs to
undertake.  I will point out that saying, "You should do this work,"
will be less warmly received than, "We should do this work, and I am
willing to help."

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 25 08:09:47 2009
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Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 11:06:22 -0400
From: Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck
Message-ID: <20090625150622.GZ1164@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com>
References: <OF11E2ED72.5B4C319E-ON802575E0.002202E7-802575E0.00221BD7@nominet.org.uk> <200906250620.n5P6KHpt017833@drugs.dv.isc.org>
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On Thu, 25 Jun 2009, Mark Andrews wrote:
> The roots don't emit EDNS answers that would be dropped due to
> fragmentation.

All of the roots?  Source, please.

> EDNS@512 at the root < 1%.

All of the roots?  F root?  Something else?  Source, please.

> For ORG some of the EDNS@512 will be due to fragmented responses
> not getting through but again that is < 1%.

Do you have direct data from .org?  Source, please.

> Whatever the case 1% is a over estimate.

You have not shown data to back up this claim.

Matt

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Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 11:22:25 -0400
From: Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck)
Message-ID: <20090625152225.GA1164@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com>
References: <823a9ozrkc.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <200906251459.n5PExTFs023425@drugs.dv.isc.org>
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On Fri, 26 Jun 2009, Mark Andrews wrote:
> In message <823a9ozrkc.fsf@mid.bfk.de>, Florian Weimer writes:
> > * Mark Andrews:
> > 
> > > 	We have ~70% EDNS capable iterative clients (see the recent
> > > 	ORG analsyis).
> > 
> > I still don't think the ORG numbers are representative due to the way
> > ORG is currently served.
> 
> The root servers also show this.  I suspect that if you sample any
> EDNS capable TLD you will get similar traffic distributions.

Not so.  See slide 22 of
https://www.dns-oarc.net/files/workshop-2008/larson.pdf: from 24 hours
of traffic to the .com/.net name servers in September 2008, only
28.48% of queriers were EDNS0 capable.  Even if we assume that many of
those were bots and re-calculate the figure based on the number of
queriers that sent at least ten queries in that 24-hour interval (the
threshold for our analysis), the percentage is only 50% EDNS0 capable.

Matt

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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Namedroppers Mailing List <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: Nested trust anchors (again) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Thu, 25 Jun 2009 14:30:13 +0200." <20090625123013.GA20593@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org> 
References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com>  <20090625123013.GA20593@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org> 
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> Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 14:30:13 +0200
> From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
> 
> Without discussing of the ideal default option, I would like the draft
> to mention other possible policies as well. I can see at least four,
> and IMHO, there is an use case for each of them:
> 
> * ANY trust-anchor which works (the current default policy in
> dnssec-bis-updates)
> 
> * ALL the trust-anchors must work (highly secure, for the truly
> paranoids)
> 
> * The CLOSEST trust-anchor must work (if I configure a local
> trust-anchor, it is because I know what I do)
> 
> * The HIGHEST trust-anchor must work (the root trust anchor will
> probably be less stale than local ones).

+1.

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To: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Cc: "W.C.A. Wijngaards" <wouter@NLnetLabs.nl>, Namedroppers Mailing List <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again) 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 25 Jun 2009 07:22:02 MST." <p06240801c66936cdcabd@[10.20.30.249]> 
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 01:55:09 +1000
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In message <p06240801c66936cdcabd@[10.20.30.249]>, Paul Hoffman writes:
> At 2:08 PM +0200 6/25/09, W.C.A. Wijngaards wrote:
> >I oppose the 'try all anchors'. 
> 
> Please pardon me for being blunt, but this is not about what *you* want in yo
> ur system, it is about what would be best for the Internet as a whole. You mi
> ght want "try closest", and the current document says that should be availabl
> e.
> 
> The assumption that you (and BIND) make is that someone has carefully thought
>  out the effects of each individual trust anchor in the root pile. That is cl
> early a wrong assumption when considering the Internet as a whole. The exampl
> e that generated this discussion is still relevant. In time order:
> 
> - Trust anchor for example.sub is added
> - Later, trust anchor for example is added
> - The maintainer for example.sub rolls the key and does the right thing with 
> its parent
> - You and BIND see example.sub go bogus because you didn't remove the "closer
> " trust anchor

	Which is why you don't add trust anchors willy nilly.  You
	add trust anchors for zones that publish trust anchors not
	every zone that is signed.  That way key rollover takes
	into account validators that have the trust anchor configured.

	Note the above senario is the result of the current bottom
	up deployement growth.  Once the root is signed we will see
	more and more top down deployment where you don't need all
	the extra trust anchors.

	One really should mimimise the numbers of trust achors you
	have.
 
> You might want that to happen based on a policy that says you will always cal
> culate the relationships between every trust anchor. Some of us don't want th
> at to be the default on the Internet because we believe that DNS admins will 
> not be so careful, and the effect is that zones go bogus *even though the res
> olver has the right information*.

	And you haven't thought out the other senarios where jumping
	over trust anchors is bad.  There are lots of configurations
	where jumping over a trust anchor is a waste of time.

	You want to make a mis-managed trust anchor not be a problem.

	You want to force implementations that made decisions 10
	years ago to change default policy for no good reason.
	Decisions that are as valid today as they were then.

	There are configurations where you want trust paths from
	higher up to fail because it they succeed there would have
	been a information leak.

	Mark

> --Paul Hoffman, Director
> --VPN Consortium
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
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-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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To: Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com>
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From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 25 Jun 2009 11:06:22 -0400." <20090625150622.GZ1164@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> 
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In message <20090625150622.GZ1164@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com>, Matt Larson 
writes:
> On Thu, 25 Jun 2009, Mark Andrews wrote:
> > The roots don't emit EDNS answers that would be dropped due to
> > fragmentation.
> 
> All of the roots?  Source, please.

It's quite easy to calculate maximum referral sizes to all the TLDs.
None of these is likely to trigger fragmentation today.
 
> > EDNS@512 at the root < 1%.
> 
> All of the roots?  F root?  Something else?  Source, please.

L and F based on the ORG traffic ananlyis pdf from the turning on of DNSSEC
presented at the last NANOG meeting.
 
> > For ORG some of the EDNS@512 will be due to fragmented responses
> > not getting through but again that is < 1%.
> 
> Do you have direct data from .org?  Source, please.

> > Whatever the case 1% is a over estimate.
> 
> You have not shown data to back up this claim.
> 
> Matt
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 16:02:46 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again)
Message-ID: <20090625200246.GK375@shinkuro.com>
References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <a06240800c666a6493471@[10.31.200.183]> <4A4368CA.3090203@nlnetlabs.nl>
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On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 02:08:42PM +0200, W.C.A. Wijngaards wrote:

> closest is the most sensible one, because a higher trust anchor is not
> particularly more trusted.  Probably less trusted, since it has a
> broader scope.

As one of the co-chairs, I'd like to hear from working group
participants feedback on the following questions:

1.  Do you think that the DNSSECbis RFCs, including NSEC3, include
either implicitly or explicitly a notion of "degrees of trust" of
different keys?

    1. a. If so, please indicate the text that you think supports this
    view.

    1. b. If not, suggest why this departure from other security
    protocols is a plausible interpretation.  (If you're one of the
    editors of the docs, saying, "Because we thought it was a good
    idea, and if we wanted degrees of trust we'd have included it
    explicitly," counts.)

2.  Do you think that the DNSSECbis RFCs _should_ include that notion?
If so, why, and if not, why not?

Thanks,

Andrew (not speaking for Olafur).


-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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Date: 25 Jun 2009 21:04:08 +0100
From: Chris Thompson <cet1@cam.ac.uk>
To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
Cc: Namedroppers Mailing List <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Reply-To: cet1@cam.ac.uk
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: Nested trust anchors (again)
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On Jun 25 2009, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:

>Without discussing of the ideal default option, I would like the draft
>to mention other possible policies as well. I can see at least four,
>and IMHO, there is an use case for each of them:
>
>* ANY trust-anchor which works (the current default policy in
>dnssec-bis-updates)
>
>* ALL the trust-anchors must work (highly secure, for the truly
>paranoids)
>
>* The CLOSEST trust-anchor must work (if I configure a local
>trust-anchor, it is because I know what I do)
>
>* The HIGHEST trust-anchor must work (the root trust anchor will
>probably be less stale than local ones).

I am not sure that I understand exactly what these mean, in the
context of securely signed insecure delegations. Suppose HIGHEST
is configured and there is a trust anchor for the root, and that
(say) the delegation from the root to uk is signed, but that from
uk to ac.uk is not. Is a trust anchor for cam.ac.uk to be ignored
in this context, and cam.ac.uk to treated as unsigned regardless?

-- 
Chris Thompson               University of Cambridge Computing Service,
Email: cet1@ucs.cam.ac.uk    New Museums Site, Cambridge CB2 3QH,
Phone: +44 1223 334715       United Kingdom.

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Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 16:17:47 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: Nested trust anchors (again)
Message-ID: <20090625201739.GL375@shinkuro.com>
References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <20090625123013.GA20593@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org>
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[no hat]

On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 02:30:13PM +0200, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:
> * ALL the trust-anchors must work (highly secure, for the truly
> paranoids)

Does this mean, "All the trust anchors I have must work," or, "The set
of my trust anchors and the set of the name server trust anchors must
be equivalent"?  I guess it's obvious that the latter does not allow
adding keys without an outage.  Neither policy would allow an
emergency roll without an outage, I think.

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 20:24:48 +0000
From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again)
Message-ID: <20090625202448.GA12847@vacation.karoshi.com.>
References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <a06240800c666a6493471@[10.31.200.183]> <4A4368CA.3090203@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090625200246.GK375@shinkuro.com>
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 trust is binary
 trustworthy is not.

 the first test is ... is this blob trustworthy?  the criteria
 for determining trustworthiness can be many and varied... (local policy).
 once the trustworthiness has been established, then the simple binary 
 switch kicks in - yes/no.

 thats been my working model for, oh years and years.

--bill


On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 04:02:46PM -0400, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
> On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 02:08:42PM +0200, W.C.A. Wijngaards wrote:
> 
> > closest is the most sensible one, because a higher trust anchor is not
> > particularly more trusted.  Probably less trusted, since it has a
> > broader scope.
> 
> As one of the co-chairs, I'd like to hear from working group
> participants feedback on the following questions:
> 
> 1.  Do you think that the DNSSECbis RFCs, including NSEC3, include
> either implicitly or explicitly a notion of "degrees of trust" of
> different keys?
> 
>     1. a. If so, please indicate the text that you think supports this
>     view.
> 
>     1. b. If not, suggest why this departure from other security
>     protocols is a plausible interpretation.  (If you're one of the
>     editors of the docs, saying, "Because we thought it was a good
>     idea, and if we wanted degrees of trust we'd have included it
>     explicitly," counts.)
> 
> 2.  Do you think that the DNSSECbis RFCs _should_ include that notion?
> If so, why, and if not, why not?
> 
> Thanks,
> 
> Andrew (not speaking for Olafur).
> 
> 
> -- 
> Andrew Sullivan
> ajs@shinkuro.com
> Shinkuro, Inc.
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
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From: bert hubert <bert.hubert@gmail.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 23:34:44 +0200
Message-ID: <3efd34cc0906251434s38548735gb31b1bbf7c9f89b7@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck)
To: Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com>
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On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 5:22 PM, Matt Larson<mlarson@verisign.com> wrote:
> Not so. =A0See slide 22 of
> https://www.dns-oarc.net/files/workshop-2008/larson.pdf: from 24 hours
> of traffic to the .com/.net name servers in September 2008, only
> 28.48% of queriers were EDNS0 capable. =A0Even if we assume that many of
> those were bots and re-calculate the figure based on the number of
> queriers that sent at least ten queries in that 24-hour interval (the
> threshold for our analysis), the percentage is only 50% EDNS0 capable.

So what resolver is not EDNS0 capable, except for the PowerDNS Recursor <3.=
1.8?

Because I don't believe 50% of your queries come from me..

Nominum CNS perhaps? Or Windows? Or Cisco?

I know this is not standards work, but as long as we don't know, any
estimates we make are bound to point us in the wrong direction.

    Bert

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again)
References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <a06240800c666a6493471@[10.31.200.183]> <4A4368CA.3090203@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090625200246.GK375@shinkuro.com> <20090625202448.GA12847@vacation.karoshi.com.>
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Bill and all,

  Yes mine also!  But you know of course that local policies very
greatly and as such problems of both trust and trustworthiness
ensue and than fester.

bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:

>  trust is binary
>  trustworthy is not.
>
>  the first test is ... is this blob trustworthy?  the criteria
>  for determining trustworthiness can be many and varied... (local policy).
>  once the trustworthiness has been established, then the simple binary
>  switch kicks in - yes/no.
>
>  thats been my working model for, oh years and years.
>
> --bill
>
> On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 04:02:46PM -0400, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
> > On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 02:08:42PM +0200, W.C.A. Wijngaards wrote:
> >
> > > closest is the most sensible one, because a higher trust anchor is not
> > > particularly more trusted.  Probably less trusted, since it has a
> > > broader scope.
> >
> > As one of the co-chairs, I'd like to hear from working group
> > participants feedback on the following questions:
> >
> > 1.  Do you think that the DNSSECbis RFCs, including NSEC3, include
> > either implicitly or explicitly a notion of "degrees of trust" of
> > different keys?
> >
> >     1. a. If so, please indicate the text that you think supports this
> >     view.
> >
> >     1. b. If not, suggest why this departure from other security
> >     protocols is a plausible interpretation.  (If you're one of the
> >     editors of the docs, saying, "Because we thought it was a good
> >     idea, and if we wanted degrees of trust we'd have included it
> >     explicitly," counts.)
> >
> > 2.  Do you think that the DNSSECbis RFCs _should_ include that notion?
> > If so, why, and if not, why not?
> >
> > Thanks,
> >
> > Andrew (not speaking for Olafur).
> >
> >
> > --
> > Andrew Sullivan
> > ajs@shinkuro.com
> > Shinkuro, Inc.
> >
> > --
> > to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> > the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> > archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
>
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>

Regards,

Spokesman for INEGroup LLA. - (Over 284k members/stakeholders strong!)
"Obedience of the law is the greatest freedom" -
   Abraham Lincoln
"YES WE CAN!"  Barack ( Berry ) Obama

"Credit should go with the performance of duty and not with what is
very often the accident of glory" - Theodore Roosevelt

"If the probability be called P; the injury, L; and the burden, B;
liability depends upon whether B is less than L multiplied by
P: i.e., whether B is less than PL."
United States v. Carroll Towing  (159 F.2d 169 [2d Cir. 1947]
===============================================================
Updated 1/26/04
CSO/DIR. Internet Network Eng. SR. Eng. Network data security IDNS.
div. of Information Network Eng.  INEG. INC.
ABA member in good standing member ID 01257402 E-Mail
jwkckid1@ix.netcom.com
My Phone: 214-244-4827




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Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 18:13:00 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again)
Message-ID: <20090625221300.GA831@shinkuro.com>
References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <a06240800c666a6493471@[10.31.200.183]> <4A4368CA.3090203@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090625200246.GK375@shinkuro.com>
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Dear colleagues,

On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 04:02:46PM -0400, Andrew Sullivan wrote:

> 1.  Do you think that the DNSSECbis RFCs, including NSEC3, include
> either implicitly or explicitly a notion of "degrees of trust" of
> different keys?

>     1. b. If not, suggest why this departure from other security
>     protocols is a plausible interpretation.  (If you're one of the
>     editors of the docs, saying, "Because we thought it was a good
>     idea, and if we wanted degrees of trust we'd have included it
>     explicitly," counts.)

More than one person has pointed out to me now that there do not seem
to be any _protocols_ that have this notion of fractional trust.
There may be implementations.  I therefore cheerfully revise this
question.

    1.b.  IF not, suggest why you think it it does not include that
    notion even though many people seem to believe that fractional
    trust is a good thing.

Someone also argued to me (off list) that the issue we really have
here is not "fractional trust", but "layered trust".  This seems like
a possibly important distinction, but in the interests of brevity feel
free to read "trust layers" where "degrees of trust" is and see if it
changes your opinion.

Best regards,

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 25 15:26:21 2009
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Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 15:22:31 -0700
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Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck)
From: Matthew Dempsky <matthew@dempsky.org>
To: bert hubert <bert.hubert@gmail.com>
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On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 2:34 PM, bert hubert<bert.hubert@gmail.com> wrote:
> So what resolver is not EDNS0 capable, except for the PowerDNS Recursor <3.1.8?

dnscache does not use EDNS0.

I also just made OpenDNS's caches forward a few queries to my personal
name server, and none of the queries used EDNS0.

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Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck)
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 15:59:05 -0700
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On Jun 25, 2009, at 3:22 PM, Matthew Dempsky wrote:

> On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 2:34 PM, bert hubert<bert.hubert@gmail.com>  
> wrote:
>> So what resolver is not EDNS0 capable, except for the PowerDNS  
>> Recursor <3.1.8?
>
> dnscache does not use EDNS0.
>
> I also just made OpenDNS's caches forward a few queries to my personal
> name server, and none of the queries used EDNS0.

Likewise, the Comcast DNS resolvers don't use EDNS0.



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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 25 16:05:45 2009
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Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 00:02:55 +0100
From: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Reply-To: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
To: bert hubert <bert.hubert@gmail.com>, Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck)
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--On 25 June 2009 23:34:44 +0200 bert hubert <bert.hubert@gmail.com> wrote:

> So what resolver is not EDNS0 capable, except for the PowerDNS Recursor
> <3.1.8?
>
> Because I don't believe 50% of your queries come from me..
>
> Nominum CNS perhaps? Or Windows? Or Cisco?

Guessing here, but $middlebox may contribute to this percentage.

-- 
Alex Bligh

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 25 16:10:14 2009
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References: <823a9ozrkc.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <200906251459.n5PExTFs023425@drugs.dv.isc.org>  <20090625152225.GA1164@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <3efd34cc0906251434s38548735gb31b1bbf7c9f89b7@mail.gmail.com>  <ACEE2F0238CD45232274CBFF@nimrod.local>
From: bert hubert <bert.hubert@gmail.com>
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 01:06:20 +0200
Message-ID: <3efd34cc0906251606l3c7684b9n36f4bdca64c742ad@mail.gmail.com>
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck)
To: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Cc: Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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On Fri, Jun 26, 2009 at 1:02 AM, Alex Bligh<alex@alex.org.uk> wrote:
>> So what resolver is not EDNS0 capable, except for the PowerDNS Recursor
>> <3.1.8?
>>
>> Because I don't believe 50% of your queries come from me..
>>
>> Nominum CNS perhaps? Or Windows? Or Cisco?
>
> Guessing here, but $middlebox may contribute to this percentage.

I've always wondered - what are these famed "middleboxes"? Any large
resolver will not be hiding behind a firewall that interferes, nor
will it be hosted on a network with a captive portal.

Stubs generally don't talk to GTLD servers either.

So what does sit in between?

  Bert

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 25 16:11:10 2009
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References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <a06240800c666a6493471@[10.31.200.183]> <4A4368CA.3090203@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090625200246.GK375@shinkuro.com>
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 16:07:48 -0700
To: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again)
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At 4:02 PM -0400 6/25/09, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
>1.  Do you think that the DNSSECbis RFCs, including NSEC3, include
>either implicitly or explicitly a notion of "degrees of trust" of
>different keys?

No.

>    1.b.  IF not, suggest why you think it it does not include that
>    notion even though many people seem to believe that fractional
>    trust is a good thing.

It's fine that many people seem to think that: however, that does not mean we should promote it by including it in a base document. The documents should allow trust models that include fractional trust, layered trust, and something-that-we-invented-ourselves trust, but should only explicitly talk about the simplest and most common form of trust, full trust.

--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium

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Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck)
Message-ID: <20090625233756.GA14000@vacation.karoshi.com.>
References: <823a9ozrkc.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <200906251459.n5PExTFs023425@drugs.dv.isc.org> <20090625152225.GA1164@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <3efd34cc0906251434s38548735gb31b1bbf7c9f89b7@mail.gmail.com> <ACEE2F0238CD45232274CBFF@nimrod.local> <3efd34cc0906251606l3c7684b9n36f4bdca64c742ad@mail.gmail.com>
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oh the list is long and distinguished.

http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/ssac-documents.htm
look at SAC035


--bill


On Fri, Jun 26, 2009 at 01:06:20AM +0200, bert hubert wrote:
> On Fri, Jun 26, 2009 at 1:02 AM, Alex Bligh<alex@alex.org.uk> wrote:
> >> So what resolver is not EDNS0 capable, except for the PowerDNS Recursor
> >> <3.1.8?
> >>
> >> Because I don't believe 50% of your queries come from me..
> >>
> >> Nominum CNS perhaps? Or Windows? Or Cisco?
> >
> > Guessing here, but $middlebox may contribute to this percentage.
> 
> I've always wondered - what are these famed "middleboxes"? Any large
> resolver will not be hiding behind a firewall that interferes, nor
> will it be hosted on a network with a captive portal.
> 
> Stubs generally don't talk to GTLD servers either.
> 
> So what does sit in between?
> 
>   Bert
> 
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Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck)
Date: Thu, 25 Jun 2009 16:49:10 -0700
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On Jun 25, 2009, at 4:06 PM, bert hubert wrote:

> On Fri, Jun 26, 2009 at 1:02 AM, Alex Bligh<alex@alex.org.uk> wrote:
>>> So what resolver is not EDNS0 capable, except for the PowerDNS  
>>> Recursor
>>> <3.1.8?
>>>
>>> Because I don't believe 50% of your queries come from me..
>>>
>>> Nominum CNS perhaps? Or Windows? Or Cisco?
>>
>> Guessing here, but $middlebox may contribute to this percentage.
>
> I've always wondered - what are these famed "middleboxes"?

A lot of firewalls have DNS modules, as do a lot of NATs, and a lot of  
these may have bugs.  A common one, for example, is assuming that DNS  
packets don't fragment.

> Any large
> resolver will not be hiding behind a firewall that interferes, nor
> will it be hosted on a network with a captive portal.

I agree with the latter, but NOT the former.  I'm working on a  
releasable writeup, but it is shocking the # of resolvers which  
advertise EDNS0 but can't receive a >1800B EDNS-enabled response.

However, the experience on the probing from the end user's connection  
to our server suggests that middleboxes might easily assume that DNS  
is <512B, or that DNS packets don't fragment, but it is the rare rare  
such box that assumes that EDNS0 is invalid and drops it.


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 25 17:24:22 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Glue Caching Misbehaviours
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Sabahattin Gucukoglu wrote:

> All of this sort of nonsense goes away when we stop making assumptions  
> about additional data from parent zones, as we should from the start.

A difference between glue and other additonal data is that, unlike
other additional data, which can be queried separately, glue is
necessary for further queries beyond a refferal.

Glue in a refferal answer to a query may be cached, as long as
the cache is used only for glue of a cached refferal answer to
a query identical to the original query.

Or, the entire refferal should not be cached.

Half hearted caching of NS without glue will make the glued NS
unusable.

							Masataka Ohta



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From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck) 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 25 Jun 2009 16:49:10 MST." <3722FEFB-F4BC-4F1A-989A-C4C4BEE1C629@icsi.berkeley.edu> 
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In message <3722FEFB-F4BC-4F1A-989A-C4C4BEE1C629@icsi.berkeley.edu>, Nicholas W
eaver writes:
> 
> On Jun 25, 2009, at 4:06 PM, bert hubert wrote:
> 
> > On Fri, Jun 26, 2009 at 1:02 AM, Alex Bligh<alex@alex.org.uk> wrote:
> >>> So what resolver is not EDNS0 capable, except for the PowerDNS  
> >>> Recursor
> >>> <3.1.8?
> >>>
> >>> Because I don't believe 50% of your queries come from me..
> >>>
> >>> Nominum CNS perhaps? Or Windows? Or Cisco?
> >>
> >> Guessing here, but $middlebox may contribute to this percentage.
> >
> > I've always wondered - what are these famed "middleboxes"?
> 
> A lot of firewalls have DNS modules, as do a lot of NATs, and a lot of  
> these may have bugs.  A common one, for example, is assuming that DNS  
> packets don't fragment.
> 
> > Any large
> > resolver will not be hiding behind a firewall that interferes, nor
> > will it be hosted on a network with a captive portal.
> 
> I agree with the latter, but NOT the former.  I'm working on a  
> releasable writeup, but it is shocking the # of resolvers which  
> advertise EDNS0 but can't receive a >1800B EDNS-enabled response.
> 
> However, the experience on the probing from the end user's connection  
> to our server suggests that middleboxes might easily assume that DNS  
> is <512B, or that DNS packets don't fragment, but it is the rare rare  
> such box that assumes that EDNS0 is invalid and drops it.

And iterative resolvers work around such breakages because they are
a fact of life on the Internet that just has to be dealt with.  No
authoritative server operator should fear turning on EDNS anymore
though some do.

"but the lookups work with this other nameserver" is enough to get
the problem addressed in most cases.

These boxes fall into "it would be nice to get them all fixed but
it is not critical that it be done" category.  They don't cause the
recovery strategies to be triggered often enough to be a worry.
Vendors should be made aware of the faults so the next generation
of the box doesn't have the same fault.

Mark
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Thu Jun 25 19:03:10 2009
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Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 01:57:04 +0000
From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again)
Message-ID: <20090626015704.GB14770@vacation.karoshi.com.>
References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <a06240800c666a6493471@[10.31.200.183]> <4A4368CA.3090203@nlnetlabs.nl> <20090625200246.GK375@shinkuro.com> <20090625221300.GA831@shinkuro.com>
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On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 06:13:00PM -0400, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
> Dear colleagues,
> 
> On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 04:02:46PM -0400, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
> 
> > 1.  Do you think that the DNSSECbis RFCs, including NSEC3, include
> > either implicitly or explicitly a notion of "degrees of trust" of
> > different keys?
> 
> >     1. b. If not, suggest why this departure from other security
> >     protocols is a plausible interpretation.  (If you're one of the
> >     editors of the docs, saying, "Because we thought it was a good
> >     idea, and if we wanted degrees of trust we'd have included it
> >     explicitly," counts.)
> 
> More than one person has pointed out to me now that there do not seem
> to be any _protocols_ that have this notion of fractional trust.
> There may be implementations.  I therefore cheerfully revise this
> question.


	then perhaps your are listening to the wrong sorts of people..

	Bradley R. Smith and J.J. Garcia-Luna-Aceves  have worked for
	years on "mulit-policy" models - although primarily for routing
	systems.  From Brads web page...

"The goal of my PhD work was to enhance the Internet's current distributed, hop-by-hop routing architecture to support a default multi-policy forwarding model as compared with the traditional default single-policy forwarding model. The concrete implication of this change in assumptions is that the dramatic jump in expected policy-route request rates makes the costs of on-demand, string-style policy-based routing unacceptable. "

	I hijacked some of his ideas earlier this decade in work on 
	the "DISCOVER" opcode, which was rejected by this WG.

	that said, you are likely correct that no current IETF maintained
	protocol supports anything other than "on-demand, string-style,
	policy".


	
> 
>     1.b.  IF not, suggest why you think it it does not include that
>     notion even though many people seem to believe that fractional
>     trust is a good thing.
> 
> Someone also argued to me (off list) that the issue we really have
> here is not "fractional trust", but "layered trust".  This seems like
> a possibly important distinction, but in the interests of brevity feel
> free to read "trust layers" where "degrees of trust" is and see if it
> changes your opinion.
> 
> Best regards,
> 
> A
> 
> -- 
> Andrew Sullivan
> ajs@shinkuro.com
> Shinkuro, Inc.
> 
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Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 08:32:08 +0200
From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Chris Thompson <cet1@cam.ac.uk>
Cc: Namedroppers Mailing List <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: [dnsext] Re: Nested trust anchors (again)
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References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <20090625123013.GA20593@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org> <Prayer.1.3.1.0906252104080.18654@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk>
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On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 09:04:08PM +0100,
 Chris Thompson <cet1@cam.ac.uk> wrote 
 a message of 29 lines which said:

> I am not sure that I understand exactly what these mean, 

Well, if I have time, I will rewrite it in proper I-D style.

> Suppose HIGHEST is configured and there is a trust anchor for the
> root, and that (say) the delegation from the root to uk is signed,
> but that from uk to ac.uk is not. Is a trust anchor for cam.ac.uk to
> be ignored in this context, and cam.ac.uk to treated as unsigned
> regardless?

Not at all. All four policies I listed are in the case where more than
one key (one trust anchor) can be used for validation (for starting a
chain of trust). In the case you mention, the root key cannot be used
(because it stops at ac.uk). So, in your example, only one key is
usable (cam.ac.uk) and this discussion does not apply.

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Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 08:36:39 +0200
From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: [dnsext] Re: Nested trust anchors (again)
Message-ID: <20090626063639.GB25713@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org>
References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <20090625123013.GA20593@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org> <20090625201739.GL375@shinkuro.com>
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On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 04:17:47PM -0400,
 Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com> wrote 
 a message of 23 lines which said:

> Does this mean, "All the trust anchors I have must work," or, "The
> set of my trust anchors and the set of the name server trust anchors
> must be equivalent"?

I don't understand the second. What is "the set of the name server
trust anchors"? The DNSKEY found in the DNS and verified through DS?
If so, I would not call them trust anchors.

> Neither policy would allow an emergency roll without an outage, I
> think.

I did not suggest it to be the default policy. It just seemed to me
that some people may find it useful. My idea was to write something
like "These policies may [lowercase] be useful for some users so a
validating resolver MAY [RFC2119] allow them to be enabled via a
configuration option."

And we could add warnings such as yours.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 01:06:01 2009
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Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 08:58:17 +0100
From: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Reply-To: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
To: bert hubert <bert.hubert@gmail.com>
cc: Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck)
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In-Reply-To: <3efd34cc0906251606l3c7684b9n36f4bdca64c742ad@mail.gmail.com>
References: <823a9ozrkc.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <200906251459.n5PExTFs023425@drugs.dv.isc.org> <20090625152225.GA1164@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <3efd34cc0906251434s38548735gb31b1bbf7c9f89b7@mail.gmail.com> <ACEE2F0238CD45232274CBFF@nimrod.local> <3efd34cc0906251606l3c7684b9n36f4bdca64c742ad@mail.gmail.com>
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--On 26 June 2009 01:06:20 +0200 bert hubert <bert.hubert@gmail.com> wrote:

> On Fri, Jun 26, 2009 at 1:02 AM, Alex Bligh<alex@alex.org.uk> wrote:
>>> So what resolver is not EDNS0 capable, except for the PowerDNS Recursor
>>> <3.1.8?
>>>
>>> Because I don't believe 50% of your queries come from me..
>>>
>>> Nominum CNS perhaps? Or Windows? Or Cisco?
>>
>> Guessing here, but $middlebox may contribute to this percentage.
>
> I've always wondered - what are these famed "middleboxes"?

Perhaps I haven't been following the thread, but I hadn't thought
that figure was just from large resolvers. I was referring to
some of the middleboxen written by those who should have
read draft-ietf-dnsext-dnsproxy first, i.e. either filtering
queries, or acting as a broken forwarder. I would guess this
is mainly consumer/SME CPE, but the world is not short of
broken firewalls for larger organisations either.

-- 
Alex Bligh

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 01:27:03 2009
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck
References: <200906251454.n5PEsRWe023320@drugs.dv.isc.org>
From: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 10:22:25 +0200
In-Reply-To: <200906251454.n5PEsRWe023320@drugs.dv.isc.org> (Mark Andrews's message of "Fri\, 26 Jun 2009 00\:54\:27 +1000")
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* Mark Andrews:

> And the answers the roots produce don't get big enough to trigger
> fragmentation on current links.

The last time I saw a fragmented response from a root server was less
then a year ago. *shrug*

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 01:37:48 2009
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CC: Chris Thompson <cet1@cam.ac.uk>,  Namedroppers Mailing List <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: Nested trust anchors (again)
References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <20090625123013.GA20593@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org> <Prayer.1.3.1.0906252104080.18654@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <20090626063208.GA25713@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org>
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Hi Stephane, Chris,

>> Suppose HIGHEST is configured and there is a trust anchor for the
>> root, and that (say) the delegation from the root to uk is signed,
>> but that from uk to ac.uk is not. Is a trust anchor for cam.ac.uk to
>> be ignored in this context, and cam.ac.uk to treated as unsigned
>> regardless?
>
> Not at all. All four policies I listed are in the case where more than
> one key (one trust anchor) can be used for validation (for starting a
> chain of trust). In the case you mention, the root key cannot be used
> (because it stops at ac.uk). So, in your example, only one key is
> usable (cam.ac.uk) and this discussion does not apply.

I think this needs text in dnssec-bis-updates.  You try all keys, but 
they have to provide a chain of trust that passes the closest 
trustanchor (in a secure state).  This to prevent downgrade.

So, this does full trust for all anchors, but the rule makes sure that 
the anchor actually covers the domain of interest with security.  And 
the original closest trust-anchor, if not used because it is stale, 
becomes a statement that the trust anchor domain name must be signed.

Best regards,
    Wouter

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 01:40:07 2009
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Subject: RE: [dnsext] Re: Nested trust anchors (again)
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 10:38:56 +0200
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Thread-Topic: [dnsext] Re: Nested trust anchors (again)
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From: "Antoin Verschuren" <Antoin.Verschuren@sidn.nl>
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I have an extra argument in favor of the ANY should work policy, and =
that it's unwise to use the ALL or CLOSEST policy in default validators.
I would actually want to expand the ANY policy.

DNS is not static.
Chains of trusts change.
With the ALL or CLOSEST policy, you don't support these changes, and =
validation will fail during certain transactions that do happen in the =
real world.
These changes are completely legitimate.

As explained in a message to the IETF DNSOPS mailinglist on RFC4641bis, =
there is an operational difficulty to maintain trust when a delegation =
changes at a parent because of caching.
I want to expand the ANY policy by mandating that in case a chain of =
trust fails because a cached DNSKEY record cannot validate a newly =
received response for which the DNSKEY record should be validated =
against, that the validator MUST seek a new chain of trust by querying =
the parent to see if the delegation (NS and DS) and therefore chain of =
trust has changed before returning a failure.
If the delegation has changed, the cached DNSKEY record MUST be =
discarded and deleted from the cache.

I don't know if resolver or validation behavior like this can be =
mandated in dnssec-bis-updates or any other document, but if we can, we =
will certainly make life easier for dns-operators without introducing =
too insecure operational practices or abandoning the chain of trust =
model in DNSSEC.

It will also keep the core value of DNS in that it works, instead of "it =
only works when it is static and does not change".

Or have I missed something, and is this already mandated ?

Thinking more deeply, I think ANY should be a default policy, with the =
extra behavior as described.
HIGHEST can be a wise policy, also with the suggested extra behaviour, =
if systems are maintained well when root trust anchors change. (are they =
?)

I don't see any real world deployment for ALL or CLOSEST other than =
paranoid monitoring purposes to inform that chains of trust have changed =
(legitimately) or on private networks for zones that are not officially =
delegated. So there are use cases for that, but not for a resolver on =
the real Internet that is supposed to work when resolving a name the =
same as without DNSSEC.


Antoin Verschuren

Technical Policy Advisor SIDN
Utrechtseweg 310, PO Box 5022, 6802 EA Arnhem, The Netherlands

P: +31 26 3525500  F: +31 26 3525505  M: +31 6 23368970
mailto:antoin.verschuren@sidn.nl  xmpp:antoin@jabber.sidn.nl  =
http://www.sidn.nl/



> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org [mailto:owner-
> namedroppers@ops.ietf.org] On Behalf Of Stephane Bortzmeyer
> Sent: Thursday, June 25, 2009 2:30 PM
> To: Matt Larson
> Cc: Namedroppers Mailing List
> Subject: [dnsext] Re: Nested trust anchors (again)
>=20
> On Tue, Jun 23, 2009 at 10:33:36AM -0400,
>  Matt Larson <mlarson@verisign.com> wrote
>  a message of 149 lines which said:
>=20
> > the latest version of the dnssec-bis-updates draft calls for trying
> > all trust anchors until one succeeds.  The draft also calls for a
> > configurable option to enable favoring the closest trust anchor to
> > the QNAME.
>=20
> Without discussing of the ideal default option, I would like the draft
> to mention other possible policies as well. I can see at least four,
> and IMHO, there is an use case for each of them:
>=20
> * ANY trust-anchor which works (the current default policy in
> dnssec-bis-updates)
>=20
> * ALL the trust-anchors must work (highly secure, for the truly
> paranoids)
>=20
> * The CLOSEST trust-anchor must work (if I configure a local
> trust-anchor, it is because I know what I do)
>=20
> * The HIGHEST trust-anchor must work (the root trust anchor will
> probably be less stale than local ones).
>=20
>=20
>=20
> --
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To: "Antoin Verschuren" <Antoin.Verschuren@sidn.nl>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: Nested trust anchors (again)
References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <20090625123013.GA20593@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org> <850A39016FA57A4887C0AA3C8085F949DD3DEF@KAEVS1.SIDN.local>
From: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 11:05:32 +0200
In-Reply-To: <850A39016FA57A4887C0AA3C8085F949DD3DEF@KAEVS1.SIDN.local> (Antoin Verschuren's message of "Fri\, 26 Jun 2009 10\:38\:56 +0200")
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* Antoin Verschuren:

> DNS is not static.
> Chains of trusts change.

Uhm, since the chain is tied to the name, how is this possible?

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 11:26:40 +0200
From: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
To: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Cc: Antoin Verschuren <Antoin.Verschuren@sidn.nl>, Namedroppers Mailing List <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: [dnsext] Re: Nested trust anchors (again)
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On Fri, Jun 26, 2009 at 11:05:32AM +0200,
 Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de> wrote 
 a message of 17 lines which said:

> > Chains of trusts change.
> 
> Uhm, since the chain is tied to the name, how is this possible?

I believe Antoin referred to scenarios like (for a validation of
www.weimer.example):

1) * The root is signed  and my resolver has a trust anchor for it
   * .example is not signed
   * weimer.example is signed and my resolver has a trust anchor for
     it

2) .example gets signed and the root publishes a DS

Then, a new chain of trust appeared, which was not there before.

Remember that the manager of the root announced a signature in 2009
and the manager of .com a signature in 2011-2012, so this scenario
will be very common.



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To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
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Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck)
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From: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 10:43:07 +0100
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> oh the list is long and distinguished.
> 
> http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/ssac-documents.htm
> look at SAC035

Much as I appreciate the citation, I don't believe it's relevant.

The middleboxes that we tested were consumer level devices, where 
recursive queries from stubs were addressed directly to the DNS proxies 
sat therein and then forwarded to "real" recursive servers upstream.

I'm not aware of any specific problem with higher-grade firewalls 
interfering with the subsequent queries sent between the recursive 
resolvers and authoritative servers.

Ray

--=_alternative 003562D8802575E1_=
Content-Type: text/html; charset="US-ASCII"

<tt><font size=2><br>
&gt; oh the list is long and distinguished.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; </font></tt><a href="http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/ssac-documents.htm"><tt><font size=2>http://www.icann.org/en/committees/security/ssac-documents.htm</font></tt></a><tt><font size=2><br>
&gt; look at SAC035<br>
</font></tt>
<br><tt><font size=2>Much as I appreciate the citation, I don't believe
it's relevant.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>The middleboxes that we tested were consumer level
devices, where recursive queries from stubs were addressed directly to
the DNS proxies sat therein and then forwarded to &quot;real&quot; recursive
servers upstream.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>I'm not aware of any specific problem with higher-grade
firewalls interfering with the subsequent queries sent between the recursive
resolvers and authoritative servers.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>Ray</font></tt>
<br>
--=_alternative 003562D8802575E1_=--

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 03:11:31 2009
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Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 11:06:10 +0100
From: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
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To: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck)
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--On 26 June 2009 10:43:07 +0100 Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk wrote:

> I'm not aware of any specific problem with higher-grade firewalls
> interfering with the subsequent queries sent between the recursive
> resolvers and authoritative servers.

Sometimes the issue is with the configuration rather than the
device. The following is a snippet from a PIX config.

policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map
 parameters
  message-length maximum 512

A google search for "message-length maximum 512" suggests this
is not uncommon, and indeed appears to be splashed over a number
of cisco.com example configs.

-- 
Alex Bligh

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 03:19:41 2009
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References: <823a9ozrkc.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <200906251459.n5PExTFs023425@drugs.dv.isc.org> <20090625152225.GA1164@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <3efd34cc0906251434s38548735gb31b1bbf7c9f89b7@mail.gmail.com> <ACEE2F0238CD45232274CBFF@nimrod.local> <3efd34cc0906251606l3c7684b9n36f4bdca64c742ad@mail.gmail.com> <20090625233756.GA14000@vacation.karoshi.com.> <OF35D5BDD6.B1262D0D-ON802575E1.00349F2F-802575E1.003562DA@nominet.org.uk> <6DEF4FE2680060703ED2D6C3@Ximines.local>
To: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck)
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From: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 11:15:59 +0100
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> Sometimes the issue is with the configuration rather than the
> device. The following is a snippet from a PIX config.
> 
> policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map
>  parameters
>   message-length maximum 512
> 
> A google search for "message-length maximum 512" suggests this
> is not uncommon, and indeed appears to be splashed over a number
> of cisco.com example configs.

ah yes, I've heard of that one, but never seen it in person.

Ray

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<tt><font size=2><br>
&gt; Sometimes the issue is with the configuration rather than the<br>
&gt; device. The following is a snippet from a PIX config.<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map<br>
&gt; &nbsp;parameters<br>
&gt; &nbsp; message-length maximum 512<br>
&gt; <br>
&gt; A google search for &quot;message-length maximum 512&quot; suggests
this<br>
&gt; is not uncommon, and indeed appears to be splashed over a number<br>
&gt; of cisco.com example configs.<br>
</font></tt>
<br><tt><font size=2>ah yes, I've heard of that one, but never seen it
in person.</font></tt>
<br>
<br><tt><font size=2>Ray</font></tt>
<br>
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 04:21:08 2009
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Subject: [dnsext] RE: Nested trust anchors (again)
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 13:16:43 +0200
Message-ID: <850A39016FA57A4887C0AA3C8085F949DD3E03@KAEVS1.SIDN.local>
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Thread-Topic: Nested trust anchors (again)
Thread-Index: Acn2QIUomu0jfqYxRbWo13dkJES0XgAAwPiA
References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <20090625123013.GA20593@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org> <850A39016FA57A4887C0AA3C8085F949DD3DEF@KAEVS1.SIDN.local> <82ocsbl603.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <20090626092640.GA18268@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org>
From: "Antoin Verschuren" <Antoin.Verschuren@sidn.nl>
To: "Namedroppers Mailing List" <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
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Stephane came up with another example of why DNS is not static, but I =
was also thinking:

The chain initially follows the delegation path when the trust anchor is =
above the name queried.
When the delegation path changes, the chain of trust priming changes =
too. (the trust anchor doesn't)

Current caching behavior makes it possible to cache an authoritative =
entry in the current chain of trust (DNSKEY) depending on the current =
delegation path.
When the delegation path changes, the chain of trust changes too, and =
this cached entry might not be in the path anymore.

So, root is signed, I have it's trust anchor in my resolver.

antoin.example. is delegated to ns1.example. with DS1, everything is =
signed.
I cache DNSKEY1, or may even set it up as a trust anchor.

At point x in time, the delegation for antoin.example. changes to =
ns2.example. with DS2 (new zone operator, new KSK, no rollover, new =
chain of trust)
DNSKEY1 is still in my cache, and I may have it as trust anchor, =
validation will fail until DNSKEY1 expires and/or I remove that trust =
anchor, and the resolver fetches DNSKEY2 in the new chain of trust.


Antoin Verschuren

Technical Policy Advisor SIDN
Utrechtseweg 310, PO Box 5022, 6802 EA Arnhem, The Netherlands

P: +31 26 3525500  F: +31 26 3525505  M: +31 6 23368970
mailto:antoin.verschuren@sidn.nl  xmpp:antoin@jabber.sidn.nl  =
http://www.sidn.nl/



> -----Original Message-----
> From: Stephane Bortzmeyer [mailto:bortzmeyer@nic.fr]
> Sent: Friday, June 26, 2009 11:27 AM
> To: Florian Weimer
> Cc: Antoin Verschuren; Namedroppers Mailing List
> Subject: Re: Nested trust anchors (again)
>=20
> On Fri, Jun 26, 2009 at 11:05:32AM +0200,
>  Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de> wrote
>  a message of 17 lines which said:
>=20
> > > Chains of trusts change.
> >
> > Uhm, since the chain is tied to the name, how is this possible?
>=20
> I believe Antoin referred to scenarios like (for a validation of
> www.weimer.example):
>=20
> 1) * The root is signed  and my resolver has a trust anchor for it
>    * .example is not signed
>    * weimer.example is signed and my resolver has a trust anchor for
>      it
>=20
> 2) .example gets signed and the root publishes a DS
>=20
> Then, a new chain of trust appeared, which was not there before.
>=20
> Remember that the manager of the root announced a signature in 2009
> and the manager of .com a signature in 2011-2012, so this scenario
> will be very common.
>=20


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 06:51:53 2009
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Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 09:46:02 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: [dnsext] Re: Nested trust anchors (again)
Message-ID: <20090626134602.GB481@shinkuro.com>
References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <20090625123013.GA20593@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org> <20090625201739.GL375@shinkuro.com> <20090626063639.GB25713@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org>
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On Fri, Jun 26, 2009 at 08:36:39AM +0200, Stephane Bortzmeyer wrote:
> On Thu, Jun 25, 2009 at 04:17:47PM -0400,
>  Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com> wrote 
>  a message of 23 lines which said:
> 
> > Does this mean, "All the trust anchors I have must work," or, "The
> > set of my trust anchors and the set of the name server trust anchors
> > must be equivalent"?
> 
> I don't understand the second. What is "the set of the name server
> trust anchors"? The DNSKEY found in the DNS and verified through DS?
> If so, I would not call them trust anchors.

Yes, sorry for the imprecise language (which is painfully ironic given
I was trying to clarify, but there you go).  I just meant that there
are two ways to read that option.  One is that you have a bunch of
keys locally configured as trust anchors, and every one of them must
be available in the target zone.  The other is that all _and only_
those keys you have locally configured as TAs must be available as
keys in the target zone.  (They don't need to be verified through DS
from the parent at all, of course, and you might have the DNSKEY
record locally instead of the DS, depending on how your implementation
works.  But they have to correspond to your locally-configured keys.)

I think you mean "all must be there" and not "all and only those must
be there", but I wanted to be sure we have this right.

A


-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@shinkuro.com
Shinkuro, Inc.

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To: "Antoin Verschuren" <Antoin.Verschuren@sidn.nl>
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From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] RE: Nested trust anchors (again) 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 26 Jun 2009 13:16:43 +0200." <850A39016FA57A4887C0AA3C8085F949DD3E03@KAEVS1.SIDN.local> 
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In message <850A39016FA57A4887C0AA3C8085F949DD3E03@KAEVS1.SIDN.local>, "Antoin 
Verschuren" writes:
> Stephane came up with another example of why DNS is not static, but I =
> was also thinking:
> 
> The chain initially follows the delegation path when the trust anchor is =
> above the name queried.
> When the delegation path changes, the chain of trust priming changes =
> too. (the trust anchor doesn't)
> 
> Current caching behavior makes it possible to cache an authoritative =
> entry in the current chain of trust (DNSKEY) depending on the current =
> delegation path.
> When the delegation path changes, the chain of trust changes too, and =
> this cached entry might not be in the path anymore.
> 
> So, root is signed, I have it's trust anchor in my resolver.
> 
> antoin.example. is delegated to ns1.example. with DS1, everything is =
> signed.
> I cache DNSKEY1, or may even set it up as a trust anchor.
> 
> At point x in time, the delegation for antoin.example. changes to =
> ns2.example. with DS2 (new zone operator, new KSK, no rollover, new =
> chain of trust)
> DNSKEY1 is still in my cache, and I may have it as trust anchor, =
> validation will fail until DNSKEY1 expires and/or I remove that trust =
> anchor, and the resolver fetches DNSKEY2 in the new chain of trust.

	So someone stuffed the key management on the authoritative
	side or it was an unauthorised change.  There is no way of
	knowing which from the validator's perspective.

	Do you risk accepting potentially bad data or do you stop
	accepting answers for the namespace?  Note there isn't a
	"correct" answer to this question.

	Mark

> Antoin Verschuren
> 
> Technical Policy Advisor SIDN
> Utrechtseweg 310, PO Box 5022, 6802 EA Arnhem, The Netherlands
> 
> P: +31 26 3525500  F: +31 26 3525505  M: +31 6 23368970
> mailto:antoin.verschuren@sidn.nl  xmpp:antoin@jabber.sidn.nl  =
> http://www.sidn.nl/
> 
> 
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: Stephane Bortzmeyer [mailto:bortzmeyer@nic.fr]
> > Sent: Friday, June 26, 2009 11:27 AM
> > To: Florian Weimer
> > Cc: Antoin Verschuren; Namedroppers Mailing List
> > Subject: Re: Nested trust anchors (again)
> >=20
> > On Fri, Jun 26, 2009 at 11:05:32AM +0200,
> >  Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de> wrote
> >  a message of 17 lines which said:
> >=20
> > > > Chains of trusts change.
> > >
> > > Uhm, since the chain is tied to the name, how is this possible?
> >=20
> > I believe Antoin referred to scenarios like (for a validation of
> > www.weimer.example):
> >=20
> > 1) * The root is signed  and my resolver has a trust anchor for it
> >    * .example is not signed
> >    * weimer.example is signed and my resolver has a trust anchor for
> >      it
> >=20
> > 2) .example gets signed and the root publishes a DS
> >=20
> > Then, a new chain of trust appeared, which was not there before.
> >=20
> > Remember that the manager of the root announced a signature in 2009
> > and the manager of .com a signature in 2011-2012, so this scenario
> > will be very common.
> >=20
> 
> 
> --
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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 07:13:18 2009
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To: Stephane Bortzmeyer <bortzmeyer@nic.fr>
Cc: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>, Antoin Verschuren <Antoin.Verschuren@sidn.nl>, Namedroppers Mailing List <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: Nested trust anchors (again) 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 26 Jun 2009 11:26:40 +0200." <20090626092640.GA18268@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org> 
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In message <20090626092640.GA18268@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org>, Stephane Bortzmey
er writes:
> On Fri, Jun 26, 2009 at 11:05:32AM +0200,
>  Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de> wrote 
>  a message of 17 lines which said:
> 
> > > Chains of trusts change.
> > 
> > Uhm, since the chain is tied to the name, how is this possible?
> 
> I believe Antoin referred to scenarios like (for a validation of
> www.weimer.example):
> 
> 1) * The root is signed  and my resolver has a trust anchor for it
>    * .example is not signed
>    * weimer.example is signed and my resolver has a trust anchor for
>      it
> 
> 2) .example gets signed and the root publishes a DS
> 
> Then, a new chain of trust appeared, which was not there before.
> 
> Remember that the manager of the root announced a signature in 2009
> and the manager of .com a signature in 2011-2012, so this scenario
> will be very common.

	And there is still not a secure path from the root to
	weimer.example as there is no DS for weimer.example.

	Even when the DS RRset for weimer.example is added there
	is not a problem.  Presumably weimer.example published keys
	for use in trust anchors and should manage them accordingly
	or published then in a DLV only in which case they shouldn't
	be in a configation file or published them by both methods
	which requires that you meet the management constraints of
	both methods of publishing.

	If you just scrapped keys to add to you configuration then
	you get what you deserve when the zone operator fails to
	take you into account.

	Mark
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 07:25:03 2009
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To: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Cc: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck) 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 26 Jun 2009 11:06:10 +0100." <6DEF4FE2680060703ED2D6C3@Ximines.local> 
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In message <6DEF4FE2680060703ED2D6C3@Ximines.local>, Alex Bligh writes:
> 
> > I'm not aware of any specific problem with higher-grade firewalls
> > interfering with the subsequent queries sent between the recursive
> > resolvers and authoritative servers.
> 
> Sometimes the issue is with the configuration rather than the
> device. The following is a snippet from a PIX config.
> 
> policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map
>  parameters
>   message-length maximum 512
> 
> A google search for "message-length maximum 512" suggests this
> is not uncommon, and indeed appears to be splashed over a number
> of cisco.com example configs.

And you will also see people saying to raise this to 4096.

Mark

-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 07:42:54 2009
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Subject: RE: [dnsext] RE: Nested trust anchors (again) 
Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 16:40:48 +0200
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Thread-Topic: [dnsext] RE: Nested trust anchors (again) 
Thread-Index: Acn2ZcBQQiVLSO5xTOae9B1doz3c5gABHDEA
References: <200906261353.n5QDr0SX038071@drugs.dv.isc.org>
From: "Antoin Verschuren" <Antoin.Verschuren@sidn.nl>
To: <marka@isc.org>
Cc: "Namedroppers Mailing List" <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: marka@isc.org [mailto:marka@isc.org]
> Subject: Re: [dnsext] RE: Nested trust anchors (again)
>=20
>=20
> 	So someone stuffed the key management on the authoritative
> 	side or it was an unauthorised change.  There is no way of
> 	knowing which from the validator's perspective.

The change is authorized.
By the parent.
You rely on your parent for the initial delegation and setting up the =
trust path anyway.
If you don't have a parent, or a parent is not involved in your trust =
path, I agree.
But I'm talking a parent in your trust path.
The trust anchor does not change.
The trust path has changed.
Only the validator doesn't know about it yet because of caching leaf =
data.

> 	Do you risk accepting potentially bad data or do you stop
> 	accepting answers for the namespace?  Note there isn't a
> 	"correct" answer to this question.

You can get the good data by re-walking the trust path from the trust =
anchor down.
That's what I'm saying.
Caches may store keys from the leaf which may not be in the path =
anymore.
That's what I call bad data, and should not stop the DNS from working.


Antoin Verschuren

Technical Policy Advisor SIDN
Utrechtseweg 310, PO Box 5022, 6802 EA Arnhem, The Netherlands

P: +31 26 3525500  F: +31 26 3525505  M: +31 6 23368970
mailto:antoin.verschuren@sidn.nl  xmpp:antoin@jabber.sidn.nl  =
http://www.sidn.nl/

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 08:01:53 2009
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To: "Antoin Verschuren" <Antoin.Verschuren@sidn.nl>
Cc: marka@isc.org, "Namedroppers Mailing List" <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] RE: Nested trust anchors (again) 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 26 Jun 2009 16:40:48 +0200." <850A39016FA57A4887C0AA3C8085F949DD3E11@KAEVS1.SIDN.local> 
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In message <850A39016FA57A4887C0AA3C8085F949DD3E11@KAEVS1.SIDN.local>, "Antoin 
Verschuren" writes:
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: marka@isc.org [mailto:marka@isc.org]
> > Subject: Re: [dnsext] RE: Nested trust anchors (again)
> >=20
> >=20
> > 	So someone stuffed the key management on the authoritative
> > 	side or it was an unauthorised change.  There is no way of
> > 	knowing which from the validator's perspective.
> 
> The change is authorized.
> By the parent.

	There have been cases where parents have been conned.

> You rely on your parent for the initial delegation and setting up the =
> trust path anyway.
> If you don't have a parent, or a parent is not involved in your trust =
> path, I agree.
> But I'm talking a parent in your trust path.
> The trust anchor does not change.
> The trust path has changed.
> Only the validator doesn't know about it yet because of caching leaf =
> data.
> 
> > 	Do you risk accepting potentially bad data or do you stop
> > 	accepting answers for the namespace?  Note there isn't a
> > 	"correct" answer to this question.
> 
> You can get the good data by re-walking the trust path from the trust =
> anchor down.
> That's what I'm saying.
> Caches may store keys from the leaf which may not be in the path =
> anymore.
> That's what I call bad data, and should not stop the DNS from working.

	Zones that are transferred from one set of servers to another
	today stop working due to cached data.  If care is taken
	this doesn't happen.  The same thing applies to with DNSSEC.

	DNSSEC is not a magic bullet.  It won't fix mis-management
	of delegations and changes to delegations.

	It is highlighting the current management problems in these
	areas and if it results in changes then that is a good
	thing.
 
	Mark

> Antoin Verschuren
> 
> Technical Policy Advisor SIDN
> Utrechtseweg 310, PO Box 5022, 6802 EA Arnhem, The Netherlands
> 
> P: +31 26 3525500  F: +31 26 3525505  M: +31 6 23368970
> mailto:antoin.verschuren@sidn.nl  xmpp:antoin@jabber.sidn.nl  =
> http://www.sidn.nl/
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 08:17:59 2009
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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Namedroppers Mailing List <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: Nested trust anchors (again) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 26 Jun 2009 11:26:40 +0200." <20090626092640.GA18268@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org> 
References: <20090623143336.GE20291@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <20090625123013.GA20593@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org> <850A39016FA57A4887C0AA3C8085F949DD3DEF@KAEVS1.SIDN.local> <82ocsbl603.fsf@mid.bfk.de>  <20090626092640.GA18268@laperouse.bortzmeyer.org> 
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dns distributes autonomy.  each zone depends on its ancestor zones for its
existence (NS RRs and possible in-zone glue) but not for its content.  to
decide between ANY or ALL or ANY+CLOSEST or CLOSEST, i recommend posing the
question "are my zone's trust anchors subject to my autonomy?"

if i've imported a key for ietf.org and it's working, and then .org gets
signed but doesn't yet have a key for ietf.org or worse still .org decides
that ietf.org should have to pay USD 1M/year for DS RR placement and so
publishes a deliberately bad key for ietf.org, then should my validator
stop accepting the key i imported?  it all depends on what we mean by zone
autonomy.  to me this is a strong argument against ALL.

or if ietf.org deletes a DNSKEY after a key compromise, but the .org people
are all down at the pub for a long weekend and somehow can't won't reflect
this change by deleting the DS RR associated with that DNSKEY, then there
is no way for any validator operator to manually set a trust anchor for
ietf.org and avoid spoofed data signed with the compromised key.  to me
this is a strong argument against ANY.

DLV's design faced similar decisions.  in the end we decided on strong zone
autonomy such that a DLV RRset at ietf.org.dlv.isc.org would still be
functional even after root and org are signed, or even after org.dlv.isc.org
has a DLV RRset.  this made a few TLD holders unhappy who felt that it was
uniquely up to the TLD whether dnssec worked or not for their subdomains.
i realize that "maximize autonomy" is not a universally held principle but
it's what guided the DLV design and i havn't grown at all unhappy about it.

i would prefer CLOSEST because i believe that the implementation should not
have to second guess its own configuration -- that is, if a validator has a
trust anchor configured then it should assume that the operator knows it is
there and wants it to be the final arbiter of security at/below the anchor.
however, i can live with ANY+CLOSEST because it's fairly simple and it allows
local autonomy in the revocation case without creating really long dependency
chains where absolutely everything (everywhere) has to be right all the time.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 08:29:11 2009
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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 26 Jun 2009 11:15:59 +0100." <OF87735E96.72B330E7-ON802575E1.003856C0-802575E1.00386502@nominet.org.uk> 
References: <823a9ozrkc.fsf@mid.bfk.de> <200906251459.n5PExTFs023425@drugs.dv.isc.org> <20090625152225.GA1164@dul1mcmlarson-l1.labs.vrsn.com> <3efd34cc0906251434s38548735gb31b1bbf7c9f89b7@mail.gmail.com> <ACEE2F0238CD45232274CBFF@nimrod.local> <3efd34cc0906251606l3c7684b9n36f4bdca64c742ad@mail.gmail.com> <20090625233756.GA14000@vacation.karoshi.com.> <OF35D5BDD6.B1262D0D-ON802575E1.00349F2F-802575E1.003562DA@nominet.org.uk> <6DEF4FE2680060703ED2D6C3@Ximines.local>  <OF87735E96.72B330E7-ON802575E1.003856C0-802575E1.00386502@nominet.org.uk> 
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> From: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk
> Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 11:15:59 +0100
> ...
>    >   message-length maximum 512
> ...
>    ah yes, I've heard of that one, but never seen it in person.

i don't have real data on how frequent that is compared to other reasons
why edns often fails, but subjectively now, it's not my worst nightmare.
my worst nightmare is a stateless firewall that does not reassemble ip
datagrams before applying pass/drop rules, and does not remember to pass
following fragments if it passed the initial fragment.  to ip, udp is just
payload, and so the transport headers including source-port and dest-port
are only present in the first ip fragment.

if you use ipfw and you have a rule like this:

	add pass udp from any 53 to any
	add pass udp from any to any 53

then you also need a rule like this:

	add pass udp from any to any frag

note that i am still fixing this in various outlying freebsd firewalls,
a decade after RFC 2671 was published.  i can only imagine how many other
firewalls never bothered allowing frags since udp/53 always fit into a
VAX physmem page (512 bytes) back in the day, and fragmentation just did
not happen.

i suppose that if firewalls and nat and proxies had been first class
citizens of the ip architecture rather than bolt-ons that annoyed purists,
then rules like "if you're going to refuse forwarding for some ip datagrams,
then you should perform ip reassembly before deciding whether to do so, so
that your firewall operates on datagrams, not on packets" would be in force.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 08:30:35 2009
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Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 11:27:44 -0400
To: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>
From: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again)
Cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
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At 16:02 -0400 6/25/09, Andrew Sullivan wrote:

>1.  Do you think that the DNSSECbis RFCs, including NSEC3, include
>either implicitly or explicitly a notion of "degrees of trust" of
>different keys?
>
>     1. a. If so, please indicate the text that you think supports this
>     view.
>
>     1. b. If not, suggest why this departure from other security
>     protocols is a plausible interpretation.  (If you're one of the
>     editors of the docs, saying, "Because we thought it was a good
>     idea, and if we wanted degrees of trust we'd have included it
>     explicitly," counts.)

In RFC 2065 (aka DNSSEC I) and maybe RFC 2535 (aka DNSSEC II) we 
toyed with the notion of key strength as a field in a KEY RR.  We 
thought maybe you could mark a key to be stronger if it was the 
off-line signer of some data in a zone and use another key that was 
weaker as the signer of dynamic updates.  There were a few missing 
links, like, a relying party cannot distinguish between what is 
signed off-line and what was dynamically added.

The kicker was ... if there was a vulnerability exercised to add a 
KEY RR to the set the addition could as easily be a "strong" key as 
much as a "weaker" key.  If it was possible to add any key then 
making a distinction between strong and weak was useless.  Ergo, all 
keys are created equal (and none are "more" equal than others).

Key strength is not in RFC 403[345] (DNSSEC III).

>2.  Do you think that the DNSSECbis RFCs _should_ include that notion?
>If so, why, and if not, why not?

No because it failed before.  In my opinion, no requirements have 
changed such that the reasons it failed back then have gone away.

At 20:24 +0000 6/25/09, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:
>  trust is binary
>  trustworthy is not.
>
>  the first test is ... is this blob trustworthy?  the criteria
>  for determining trustworthiness can be many and varied... (local policy).

Review RFC 2181, section 5.4.1.

On another note:

Somewhere I got the notion that there's a comparison to X.509 to be 
made.  In an architecture, an X.509 certificate and a DNSKEY RR play 
the same role - both associate ancillary data with a public key.  But 
the "competition" stops right there.  There are a lot more fields in 
X.509, these are used to relate the policy regarding the key, 
limitations on its use, the liability, etc.  X.509 is also backed by 
a Certification Processes Statement (CPS, I think that's the 
expansion), a form document that contains details ad nausem about the 
"meaning" of a successful validation resulting from the key in the 
certificate.  That's all "just too much" to lay upon a DNS 
administrator.  The functional requirements governing DNSSEC is a 
small subset of the functional requirements on X.509, resulting in 
the difference in implementations and, to answer the question that 
started this, why (DNS)KEY RR's don't have the same notions as trust 
as other systems like X.509.

-- 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Edward Lewis
NeuStar                    You can leave a voice message at +1-571-434-5468

As with IPv6, the problem with the deployment of frictionless surfaces is
that they're not getting traction.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 08:42:47 2009
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Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 11:34:39 -0400
To: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
From: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Re: Nested trust anchors (again)
Cc: "Antoin Verschuren" <Antoin.Verschuren@sidn.nl>, "Namedroppers Mailing List" <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
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At 11:05 +0200 6/26/09, Florian Weimer wrote:
>* Antoin Verschuren:
>
>>  DNS is not static.
>>  Chains of trusts change.
>
>Uhm, since the chain is tied to the name, how is this possible?

Redelegation - in the sense that a zone cut may be removed but the 
names in the erstwhile child zone are "promoted" to the parent 
somewhere in the chain.

Key effectivitiy periods are not synchronous.

UDP is not reliable.

Etc.

The chain is not exactly tied to the name.  Remember that zones may 
be multi-label deep and there are empty non-terminals.
-- 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Edward Lewis
NeuStar                    You can leave a voice message at +1-571-434-5468

As with IPv6, the problem with the deployment of frictionless surfaces is
that they're not getting traction.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 10:25:15 2009
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Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 17:16:25 +0000
From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Cc: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck)
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On Sat, Jun 27, 2009 at 12:20:05AM +1000, Mark Andrews wrote:
> 
> In message <6DEF4FE2680060703ED2D6C3@Ximines.local>, Alex Bligh writes:
> > 
> > > I'm not aware of any specific problem with higher-grade firewalls
> > > interfering with the subsequent queries sent between the recursive
> > > resolvers and authoritative servers.
> > 
> > Sometimes the issue is with the configuration rather than the
> > device. The following is a snippet from a PIX config.
> > 
> > policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map
> >  parameters
> >   message-length maximum 512
> > 
> > A google search for "message-length maximum 512" suggests this
> > is not uncommon, and indeed appears to be splashed over a number
> > of cisco.com example configs.
> 
> And you will also see people saying to raise this to 4096.
> 
> Mark
> 

	is there any good reason not to?  if, of course, they 
	want to follow the protocol...

--bill

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 10:44:49 2009
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Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 18:40:51 +0100
From: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Reply-To: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
cc: Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck)
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--On 26 June 2009 17:16:25 +0000 bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com wrote:

>> > Sometimes the issue is with the configuration rather than the
>> > device. The following is a snippet from a PIX config.
>> >
>> > policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map
>> >  parameters
>> >   message-length maximum 512
>> >
>> > A google search for "message-length maximum 512" suggests this
>> > is not uncommon, and indeed appears to be splashed over a number
>> > of cisco.com example configs.
>>
>> And you will also see people saying to raise this to 4096.
>>
>> Mark
>>
>
> 	is there any good reason not to?  if, of course, they
> 	want to follow the protocol...

Allegedly the 512 byte limit (which was at one point the
default setting and for all I know may still be) was introduced
to mitigate reflection DDOS attacks.

I'm not trying to pick on Cisco here, just point out that
the idea there will be no interfering middleboxen in front of
corporate connections is probably wrong.

-- 
Alex Bligh

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 12:41:44 2009
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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 26 Jun 2009 18:40:51 +0100." <563EACD0B64DA52B0FC17C2F@Ximines.local> 
References: <6DEF4FE2680060703ED2D6C3@Ximines.local> <200906261420.n5QEK6G7041937@drugs.dv.isc.org> <20090626171625.GA21700@vacation.karoshi.com.>  <563EACD0B64DA52B0FC17C2F@Ximines.local> 
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> Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 18:40:51 +0100
> From: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
> 
> I'm not trying to pick on Cisco here, just point out that the idea there
> will be no interfering middleboxen in front of corporate connections is
> probably wrong.

no doubt every single operator or implementor or businessman who sees udp/53
as the right shim layer to jam in their extra functionality has a reason, but
the end effect is to make any changes to the protocol extremely expensive, and
i still think it'll drive us toward dns-over-https as a way to drive a stake
through this middleism once and finally.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 15:55:37 2009
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To: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
Cc: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>, Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck) 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 26 Jun 2009 17:16:25 GMT." <20090626171625.GA21700@vacation.karoshi.com.> 
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In message <20090626171625.GA21700@vacation.karoshi.com.>, bmanning@vacation.ka
roshi.com writes:
> On Sat, Jun 27, 2009 at 12:20:05AM +1000, Mark Andrews wrote:
> > 
> > In message <6DEF4FE2680060703ED2D6C3@Ximines.local>, Alex Bligh writes:
> > > 
> > > > I'm not aware of any specific problem with higher-grade firewalls
> > > > interfering with the subsequent queries sent between the recursive
> > > > resolvers and authoritative servers.
> > > 
> > > Sometimes the issue is with the configuration rather than the
> > > device. The following is a snippet from a PIX config.
> > > 
> > > policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map
> > >  parameters
> > >   message-length maximum 512
> > > 
> > > A google search for "message-length maximum 512" suggests this
> > > is not uncommon, and indeed appears to be splashed over a number
> > > of cisco.com example configs.
> > 
> > And you will also see people saying to raise this to 4096.
> > 
> > Mark
> > 
> 
> 	is there any good reason not to?  if, of course, they 
> 	want to follow the protocol...

The protocol was extended 10 years ago give or take a couple of
months.  These firewalls were written well after the extension was
published.  Firewall designers need to understand the protocols
they are playing with.  It was not like there were not active
examples around when these were designed.  The designers just didn't
do their home work.

Network Working Group                                            P. Vixie
Request for Comments: 2671                                            ISC
Category: Standards Track                                     August 1999

If they want to live by RFC1034 then they should examine the queries
and return FORMERR on them for having garbage in the additional
section.  This would have made extending the DNS predicable.

Alternatively they should examine the queries and set the allowed
response size based on the EDNS options in the query.  There is no
need for a one size solution.

And for the record there have been larger than 512 bytes responses
over UDP between co-operating machines as long as I've been involved
with DNS and thats over 20 years now.  EDNS just provided a standards
based mechanism for doing so.  We had code to catch and handle
responses from such servers years before EDNS was dreamed of.

Mark

> 
> --bill
> 
> --
> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 16:08:16 2009
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To: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Cc: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again) 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 26 Jun 2009 11:27:44 -0400." <a06240800c66a74e7f69e@[10.31.200.183]> 
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The DNSSEC RFCs describes how you validate a trust relationship
from a given trust-anchor to a set of data and how you configure
zones for this to happen.

The do not however tell you how you choose which trust anchors you
are going to use for which names.  Trust anchors refer to keys but
are not keys themselves.  The rules for keys do not apply.

Try any key does not mean try any trust anchor.

Mark
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 22:56:15 +0000
From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck)
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On Sat, Jun 27, 2009 at 08:50:04AM +1000, Mark Andrews wrote:
> 
> In message <20090626171625.GA21700@vacation.karoshi.com.>, bmanning@vacation.ka
> roshi.com writes:
> > On Sat, Jun 27, 2009 at 12:20:05AM +1000, Mark Andrews wrote:
> > > 
> > > In message <6DEF4FE2680060703ED2D6C3@Ximines.local>, Alex Bligh writes:
> > > > 
> > > > > I'm not aware of any specific problem with higher-grade firewalls
> > > > > interfering with the subsequent queries sent between the recursive
> > > > > resolvers and authoritative servers.
> > > > 
> > > > Sometimes the issue is with the configuration rather than the
> > > > device. The following is a snippet from a PIX config.
> > > > 
> > > > policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map
> > > >  parameters
> > > >   message-length maximum 512
> > > > 
> > > > A google search for "message-length maximum 512" suggests this
> > > > is not uncommon, and indeed appears to be splashed over a number
> > > > of cisco.com example configs.
> > > 
> > > And you will also see people saying to raise this to 4096.
> > > 
> > > Mark
> > > 
> > 
> > 	is there any good reason not to?  if, of course, they 
> > 	want to follow the protocol...
> 
> The protocol was extended 10 years ago give or take a couple of
> months.  These firewalls were written well after the extension was
> published.  Firewall designers need to understand the protocols
> they are playing with.  It was not like there were not active
> examples around when these were designed.  The designers just didn't
> do their home work.

	so there is no good reason to not change the 
	default configuration to comply with the RFC.
	and this advice should be applicable to all
	designers/developers... to follow the RFCs?

--bill

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Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck) 
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References: <6DEF4FE2680060703ED2D6C3@Ximines.local> <200906261420.n5QEK6G7041937@drugs.dv.isc.org> <20090626171625.GA21700@vacation.karoshi.com.>  <563EACD0B64DA52B0FC17C2F@Ximines.local>  <41105.1246045000@nsa.vix.com>
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On Jun 26, 2009, at 12:36 PM, Paul Vixie wrote:

>> Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 18:40:51 +0100
>> From: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
>>
>> I'm not trying to pick on Cisco here, just point out that the idea  
>> there will be no interfering middleboxen in front of corporate  
>> connections is probably wrong.
>
> no doubt every single operator or implementor or businessman who  
> sees udp/53 as the right shim layer to jam in their extra  
> functionality has a reason, but the end effect is to make any  
> changes to the protocol extremely expensive, and i still think it'll  
> drive us toward dns-over-https as a way to drive a stake through  
> this middleism once and finally.

Does that mean DNSSEC will not be thwarting middleboxen that change  
DNS responses?  HTTPS on a large scale is also fairly expensive  
compared to DNS.  TCP connections not in the ESTABLISHED state are  
normally not controllable by applications, and TCP related kernel  
restrictions against applications are often not aimed at assuring its  
availability.

TCP's band-aided vulnerabilities and clumsy buffer processing is not  
really well suited for DNS.  Reliance upon TCP when under attack will  
likely necessitate significantly greater resources and specialized  
defenses.  Many resource related vulnerabilities or DDoS concerns  
could be better addressed using a different transport.   Having an  
available alternative might represent a valuable refuge during times  
of attack.  Instantiating an alternative may also prove to offer  
valuable insurance.

-Doug

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Fri Jun 26 23:53:05 2009
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From: Sabahattin Gucukoglu <mail@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com>
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Subject: [dnsext] ops.ietf.org Blacklisting Complications
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ops.ietf.org is hosted at psg.com, which uses blacklists from the MAPS.

I take no position on either MAPS or the external hosting, but I  
object to the use of RBLs for filtering IETF traffic.  This seems to  
go against the IESG spam policy statement, which makes it quite clear  
that participants should not be disrupted (although not necessarily to  
the extent that it forbids RBL use).
http://www.ietf.org/IESG/STATEMENTS/spam-control-policy.html

My mail to ops.ietf.org itself isn't filtered, but my mail to psg.com  
is.  I am using a Google smarthost with Google Apps.  I do not  
consider myself a spammer and don't reflect my neighbours reputations,  
good or bad, upon myself, in order the better to assist the agenda of  
RBL operators.  I don't know what Google's reputation is, but I am  
using their service because I find it reliable.  There is simply no  
reason to block the legitimate traffic.  But psg.com processes mailing  
list requests for ops.ietf.org, and every time I want to send mail to  
ops.ietf.org I have to carefully rewrite it.

If nothing else, I want people to be aware of the situation.  I would,  
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guidelines.

Cheers,
Sabahattin


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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sat Jun 27 00:10:16 2009
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To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck) 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Sat, 27 Jun 2009 07:20:03 +0100." <2BEF3C0F30F143D18E720A3E36001E1D@localhost> 
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In message <2BEF3C0F30F143D18E720A3E36001E1D@localhost>, "George Barwood" write
s:
> 
> ----- Original Message ----- 
> From: "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>
> To: <bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com>
> Cc: "Mark Andrews" <marka@isc.org>; "Alex Bligh" <alex@alex.org.uk>; <Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk>; <namedroppers@ops.ietf.org>
> Sent: Friday, June 26, 2009 11:50 PM
> Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck) 
> 
> 
> > 
> > In message <20090626171625.GA21700@vacation.karoshi.com.>, bmanning@vacation.ka
> > roshi.com writes:
> >> On Sat, Jun 27, 2009 at 12:20:05AM +1000, Mark Andrews wrote:
> >> > 
> >> > In message <6DEF4FE2680060703ED2D6C3@Ximines.local>, Alex Bligh writes:
> >> > > 
> >> > > > I'm not aware of any specific problem with higher-grade firewalls
> >> > > > interfering with the subsequent queries sent between the recursive
> >> > > > resolvers and authoritative servers.
> >> > > 
> >> > > Sometimes the issue is with the configuration rather than the
> >> > > device. The following is a snippet from a PIX config.
> >> > > 
> >> > > policy-map type inspect dns preset_dns_map
> >> > >  parameters
> >> > >   message-length maximum 512
> >> > > 
> >> > > A google search for "message-length maximum 512" suggests this
> >> > > is not uncommon, and indeed appears to be splashed over a number
> >> > > of cisco.com example configs.
> >> > 
> >> > And you will also see people saying to raise this to 4096.
> >> > 
> >> > Mark
> >> > 
> >> 
> >> is there any good reason not to?  if, of course, they 
> >> want to follow the protocol...
> > 
> > The protocol was extended 10 years ago give or take a couple of
> > months.  These firewalls were written well after the extension was
> > published.  Firewall designers need to understand the protocols
> > they are playing with.  It was not like there were not active
> > examples around when these were designed.  The designers just didn't
> > do their home work.
> 
> Isn't it the firewall configuration, rather than the firewall designer?

It's the designers that added "message-length maximum <value>" to the
firewall's syntax. 

> Regardless, system administrators did follow the existing standard, 
> and I think it is rather the fault of RFC 2671 for breaking an existing
> standard.

RFC 2671 allows the two parties involved to negotiate the use of
additional features.  This is common to lots of protocols.  It is also
all that should be reqired.
 
> I suggest an extension mechanism that allows for DNSSEC messages to be 
> conveyed through the existing deployed transport ( 512 byte UDP packets ) 
> should have been defined, and this can still be done, along the lines of my 
> "EDNS Page Option to handle large responses", 
> http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/namedroppers.2009/msg01278.html

Multiple messages were thought about and rejected.  We still need the MORE
bit for TCP at some point.

> The goal should be to allow DNSSEC to be deployed without reconfiguring
> firewalls or anything other than the DNS software.

Sorry, firewalls should not be a reason to not do something.  That's the
tail wagging the dog.  10 years should have been enough for firewall vendor
to fix their products especially when we complained to most of the over
5 years ago about their in action.  It's the firewalls role to adapt to
changes in the protocols.
 
> > Network Working Group                                            P. Vixie
> > Request for Comments: 2671                                            ISC
> > Category: Standards Track                                     August 1999
> > 
> > If they want to live by RFC1034 then they should examine the queries
> > and return FORMERR on them for having garbage in the additional
> > section.  This would have made extending the DNS predicable.
> 
> No, there is nothing in RFC1034 or RFC 1035 that specifies that 
> an OPT record should cause a FORMERR. In any communications 
> standard there may be reserved areas in the packet format that are 
> not defined, and may be used at some future point to extend the protocol.

FORMERR is the error code to be returned when you don't understand the
query.  That is the point of the error code.

> These can be header bits, code points ( e.g. RR TYPE codes ), 
> or correctly formatted records where the meaning is not defined.
>
> The proper way to process reserved areas is to ignore them.
> Unfortunately many implementations get this wrong, so it would have
> been better if the original standard had been more explicit on this principle.

There are lots of things RFC 103[345] should have done better however it
was reasonable for the time.  The additional section was not a reserved
area in queries.

> > Alternatively they should examine the queries and set the allowed
> > response size based on the EDNS options in the query.  There is no
> > need for a one size solution.
> > 
> > And for the record there have been larger than 512 bytes responses
> > over UDP between co-operating machines as long as I've been involved
> > with DNS and thats over 20 years now.  EDNS just provided a standards
> > based mechanism for doing so.  We had code to catch and handle
> > responses from such servers years before EDNS was dreamed of.
> > 
> > Mark
> > 
> >> 
> >> --bill
> >> 
> >> --
> >> to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> >> the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> >> archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
> > -- 
> > Mark Andrews, ISC
> > 1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
> > PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org
> > 
> > --
> > to unsubscribe send a message to namedroppers-request@ops.ietf.org with
> > the word 'unsubscribe' in a single line as the message text body.
> > archive: <http://ops.ietf.org/lists/namedroppers/>
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sat Jun 27 01:04:49 2009
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From: Paul Vixie <vixie@isc.org>
To: Doug Otis <doug.mtview@gmail.com>
cc: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck) 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 26 Jun 2009 18:07:13 MST." <805D136E-D44C-4A4E-B73E-00C31CB4BEDC@gmail.com> 
References: <6DEF4FE2680060703ED2D6C3@Ximines.local> <200906261420.n5QEK6G7041937@drugs.dv.isc.org> <20090626171625.GA21700@vacation.karoshi.com.> <563EACD0B64DA52B0FC17C2F@Ximines.local> <41105.1246045000@nsa.vix.com>  <805D136E-D44C-4A4E-B73E-00C31CB4BEDC@gmail.com> 
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> From: Doug Otis <doug.mtview@gmail.com>
> Date: Fri, 26 Jun 2009 18:07:13 -0700

> > ..., and i still think it'll drive us toward dns-over-https as a way to
> > drive a stake through this middleism once and finally.
> 
> Does that mean DNSSEC will not be thwarting middleboxen that change DNS
> responses?

no it doesn't mean that.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sat Jun 27 09:50:24 2009
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Date: Sat, 27 Jun 2009 12:40:53 -0400
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
From: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again)
Cc: Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
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>Try any key does not mean try any trust anchor.

When I spent a lot of time analyzing the words in RFC 1034, section 
4.3.2, leading towards the wildcard update document RFC 
45something-or-other, a wise sage, Rob Austein, scolded me when I 
took the words "too literally," saying that the text in RFCs are not 
specifications, not a strawman of instructions, not a flowchart in 
text, not even pseudocode but simply an engineering description of 
the approach to solving the "problem."

DNSSEC has always maintained that local policy rules.  While the RFCs 
contain detailed information on the ways in which bits are 
manipulated to sign and validate data, the information on what a 
positive or negative outcome of a crypto-step is left to local 
interpretation.  The chief concern of the IETF, and that is conveyed 
via the RFCs, is interoperability and not overall "performance." 
I.e., what is specified is what is needed to make elements 
inter-relate and not all they need to do.

Back when I wrote an early validating application in 1998 I made some 
design choices.  I realized then one could write a ruggedized 
resolver that tried to get an answer in the face of a forged reply or 
one could write a lightweight resolver that would give up at the 
moment any irregularity was encountered.  Both approaches met the 
"requirements" of the RFC, both would interoperate, but one served 
it's user better, i.e., was of higher quality in my estimation.

When it comes to statements like "try any key does not mean try any 
trust anchor" I have to say I agree but at the same time, I wouldn't 
accept code that meets such a low bar of quality for my own use. 
E.g., I don't buy the cheapest legal tires for my car because I don't 
like to skid in a light rain - even though that is accepted legally.

Whether "try any key does not mean try any trust anchor" is not a 
point over which consensus matters to me, it's useless breadth to get 
to consensus as this is a matter of quality and not interoperability. 
The question is up to implementers, do they want to produce code that 
gets the job done or just merely meets the minimum acceptable needs 
and interoperates?  The question is, is an implementor trying hard to 
interpret the RFCs for to make code writing easy or trying to 
determine what is the best approach to solving a real world problem?

-- 
-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-
Edward Lewis
NeuStar                    You can leave a voice message at +1-571-434-5468

As with IPv6, the problem with the deployment of frictionless surfaces is
that they're not getting traction.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sat Jun 27 10:49:11 2009
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Date: Sat, 27 Jun 2009 13:43:59 -0400
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>,Edward Lewis <Ed.Lewis@neustar.biz>
From: Michael StJohns <mstjohns@comcast.net>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Nested trust anchors (again) 
Cc: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@shinkuro.com>,namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
In-Reply-To: <200906262256.n5QMuiAY048752@drugs.dv.isc.org>
References: <Your message of "Fri, 26 Jun 2009 11:27:44 -0400." <a06240800c66a74e7f69e@[10.31.200.183]> <200906262256.n5QMuiAY048752@drugs.dv.isc.org>
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At 06:56 PM 6/26/2009, Mark Andrews wrote:
>Trust anchors refer to keys but
>are not keys themselves.  The rules for keys do not apply.

Could you explain your reasoning for BOTH of the above statements please? (e.g. which rules don't apply and why?)

4033 is clear that the trust anchor is "A configured DNSKEY RR or a DS RR hash of a DNSKEY RR".  The first form is obviously a key.  The second form is a key reference that is just shorthand for the key given the way DNSSEC is defined.

 From WIKI - (Yeah, I know -but this is close to the definitions I've seen for PKI trust anchors and others including in the X509 standard) "In cryptography, a Trust Anchor is an authoritative entity represented via a public key and associated data." 

 From X509 "trust anchor: A trust anchor is a set of the following information in addition to the public key: algorithm identifier, public key parameters (if applicable), distinguished name of the holder of the associated private key (i.e., the subject CA) and optionally a validity period. The trust anchor may be provided in the form of a self-signed certificate. A trust anchor is trusted by a certificate using system and used for validating certificates in certification paths. "

All of these say - a trust anchor is a public key with associated data (trust point name, algorithms, conditions etc).

Why do you disagree?

Mike


--=====================_176360187==.ALT
Content-Type: text/html; charset="us-ascii"

<html>
<body>
At 06:56 PM 6/26/2009, Mark Andrews wrote:<br>
<blockquote type=cite class=cite cite="">Trust anchors refer to keys
but<br>
are not keys themselves.&nbsp; The rules for keys do not
apply.</blockquote><br>
Could you explain your reasoning for BOTH of the above statements please?
(e.g. which rules don't apply and why?)<br><br>
4033 is clear that the trust anchor is &quot;A configured DNSKEY RR or a
DS RR hash of a DNSKEY RR&quot;.&nbsp; The first form is obviously a
key.&nbsp; The second form is a key reference that is just shorthand for
the key given the way DNSSEC is defined.<br><br>
 From WIKI - (Yeah, I know -but this is close to the definitions I've
seen for PKI trust anchors and others including in the X509 standard)
&quot;In cryptography, a Trust Anchor is an authoritative entity
represented via a public key and associated data.&quot; <br><br>
 From X509 &quot;<font face="Times New Roman, Times"><b>trust anchor</b>:
A trust anchor is a set of the following information in addition to the
public key: algorithm identifier, public key parameters (if applicable),
distinguished name of the holder of the associated private key (i.e., the
subject CA) and optionally a validity period. The trust anchor may be
provided in the form of a self-signed certificate. A trust anchor is
trusted by a certificate using system and used for validating
certificates in certification paths. &quot;<br><br>
All of these say - a trust anchor is a public key with associated data
(trust point name, algorithms, conditions etc).<br><br>
Why do you disagree?<br><br>
Mike<br>
</font></body>
<br>
</html>

--=====================_176360187==.ALT--


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From firmamentsfe030@serbianhost.com  Sat Jun 27 10:56:34 2009
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&nbsp;
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The results of your email command are provided below. Attached is your
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Acai Berry , Lose wieght feel great.=20
Feel great with Acai Flush.
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=20
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best regards Lurline=20
Broussard

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From cartl747@lastminute.com.hk  Sat Jun 27 10:56:35 2009
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Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck) 
In-Reply-To: <200906262250.n5QMo4J8048639@drugs.dv.isc.org>
Message-ID: <alpine.LSU.2.00.0906290023140.17327@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk>
References: <200906262250.n5QMo4J8048639@drugs.dv.isc.org>
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On Sat, 27 Jun 2009, Mark Andrews wrote:
>
> > > > Sometimes the issue is with the configuration rather than the
> > > > device. The following is a snippet from a PIX config.
>
> The protocol was extended 10 years ago give or take a couple of
> months.  These firewalls were written well after the extension was
> published.

PIXes are much older than that. They are notorious for screwing up many
higher-level protocols.

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
GERMAN BIGHT HUMBER: SOUTHWEST 5 TO 7. MODERATE OR ROUGH. SQUALLY SHOWERS.
MODERATE OR GOOD.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Sun Jun 28 23:08:02 2009
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Date: Mon, 29 Jun 2009 07:00:29 +0100
From: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Reply-To: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
To: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>, Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
cc: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org, Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
Subject: Re: Real data (was Re: [dnsext] Danger of coming unstuck) 
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--On 29 June 2009 00:24:36 +0100 Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> wrote:

>> > > > Sometimes the issue is with the configuration rather than the
>> > > > device. The following is a snippet from a PIX config.
>>
>> The protocol was extended 10 years ago give or take a couple of
>> months.  These firewalls were written well after the extension was
>> published.
>
> PIXes are much older than that. They are notorious for screwing up many
> higher-level protocols.

Indeed, but that particular bit of CLI (and it being a default) is far more
recent, and is in (e.g.) ASA 5500 / 5510 / 5520.

-- 
Alex Bligh

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Mon Jun 29 03:36:31 2009
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Subject: [dnsext] I-D Action:draft-ietf-dnsext-rfc2672bis-dname-16.txt 
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the DNS Extensions Working Group of the IETF.


	Title           : Update to DNAME Redirection in the DNS
	Author(s)       : S. Rose, W. Wijngaards
	Filename        : draft-ietf-dnsext-rfc2672bis-dname-16.txt
	Pages           : 17
	Date            : 2009-06-29

The DNAME record provides redirection for a sub-tree of the domain
name tree in the DNS system.  That is, all names that end with a
particular suffix are redirected to another part of the DNS.  This is
a revision of the original specification in RFC 2672, also aligning
RFC 3363 and RFC 4294 with this revision.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-dnsext-rfc2672bis-dname-16.txt

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Hi,

Scott and I have updated the draft from the last WGLC. The UD bit text
has been removed, based on the little discussion on namedroppers.

I think as it stands the only behaviour change is now the text that
warns against picking DNAMEs out of the cache, for fear of 'Kaminsky'.

Best regards,
  On behalf of the editors,
     Wouter
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	       A preliminary analysis of EDNS behavior

This represents some preliminary analysis from Netalyzr (http://netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu 
) with how EDNS is used and supportable by both end-user connections  
and by recursive resolvers.  To date, over 40,000 distinct IPs have  
run Netalyzr to completion.

Please note that there is bias in terms of the users who have run  
Netalyzr, arising from how users learn about our site and what leads  
them to decide to run the tests.  In particular, we already know that  
an unusually high fraction of IPs are from Comcast (~4900) due to an  
initial slashdot article which mentioned Netalyzr in the context of  
assessing Comcast, and a large number are from t-dialin.net (~1500,  
tied for third in popularity) due to German-language coverage.   
Another likely bias is the popularity of OpenDNS: over 11% of  
Netalyzr's users appear to use OpenDNS as their recursive resolver.

Likewise, there are double-counting issues when viewing data by  
resolver, and packet loss and timeouts may cause some figures to read  
high or low, adding noise to the results.

Additionally, Netalyzr's test suite with regard to EDNS has not been  
static: the tests to determine the root cause of large-payload EDNS  
failures was a recent addition.  Thus, for some of these tests there  
are far fewer data points available.



		       Description of the tests

Netalyzr works by having a Java applet on the user's computer conduct  
tests with servers we control.  In particular, the node providing the  
applet hosts a DNS server, and this DNS server code is also running as  
the authority for .netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu.

The DNS server is a custom Python implementation, and produces both  
standard and deliberately nonstandard responses for various queries.


To determine if a user's resolver is EDNS or DNSSEC capable, the  
addresses has_edns.{x}.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu and wants_dnssec...  
are queried by the Java applet.   These return "true" if the condition  
is true, and false otherwise. (True is encoded by returning the IP of  
the back-end node the user is connected to, false uses a different IP  
address.)  The EDNS0 OPT record, if present, is returned unchanged in  
the response.


To determine the user's resolver's identity, the applet queries for  
server.{x}, which returns the IP address that our DNS authority  
received the query from.  Note that this may cause a single resolver  
to be associated with multiple identities (creating double-counting)  
if that resolver generates requests through multiple IP addresses.


To determine the user's resolver's EDNS MTU, the query edns_mtu...  
encodes the EDNS MTU in the two lower octets of the returned A  
record.  This test is only run if the resolver indicates support for  
EDNS, and can only be captured if the user trusts the applet.

To determine if the user's resolver can receive a large EDNS response,  
the applet queries for edns_large.{x}.  This returns the true IP, but  
has a large number of CNAMES in the additional field, which is  
sufficient to pad the packet to ~1800B.  This response is fragmented  
by the server when it is sent, as this is greater than the Ethernet  
MTU.  Since the CNAMES are effectively garbage, we expect that most  
recursive resolvers will not return these as part of the final  
answer.  This test is only run if the resolver indicates support for  
EDNS.

To determine if the user's resolver can receive a medium sized EDNS  
response, the applet queries for edns_medium.{x}. This returns the  
true IP, but has a large number of CNAMES in the additional field,  
which is sufficient to pad the packet to ~1400B.  This response is NOT  
fragmented by the server when it is sent, as this is less than the  
Ethernet MTU.  It may be fragmented in the network later.  This test  
is only run if the resolver indicates support for EDNS.


To prevent ordering and history issues, the first tests are for EDNS  
and DO support, then EDNS MTU, then for medium-sized EDNS responses  
and then large EDNS responses.  Thus, resolvers that maintain state in  
determining EDNS0 MTU and having a malfunctioning middlebox should, at  
least for the first run, not use a smaller than default EDNS0 MTU.


Finally, the applet does a direct UDP-based DNS request (it tries 5  
times until successful) directly to our server to query for  
edns_large, edns_medium, and edns_small (an EDNS-present response of  
~300B), to check for the direct behavior of any DNS-aware  
middleboxes.  These tests do not validate the response as correct, but  
other tests check for DNS-modifying middleboxes.



		       EDNS and DNSSEC support

If we view based on user IP address, 49% (19968 out of 40476) IP  
addresses use a recursive resolver that used EDNS0 in requests to our  
authority.  46% (18634 out of 40476) have DO enabled, indicating they  
wish to receive DNSSEC records.

Please note a known bias: Comcast's resolvers, although they support  
EDNS0 when tested manually, do not appear to use it by default in most  
requests to our authority.  As this represents 12% of all IP addresses  
which have run Netalyzr, this is a potentially significant undercount.  
Thus, the actual fraction of users behind an EDNS0 and/or DNSSEC using  
resolver may be somewhat higher.

If we instead view based on observed resolver IP, this check covers  
10852 recursive resolvers external addresses.  Of these, 65% (7074 out  
of 10852) have EDNS0 enabled and a MTU > 1200B, with 58% (6286 out of  
10852) having DO set as well.

Please note a known bias: If a recursive resolver uses multiple IP  
addresses to generate queries, we will count it multiple times.  For  
example, this counting method counts OpenDNS as at least 33 separate  
resolvers.



	       EDNS failures and their probable causes

If we view based on IP, 18458 IPs both have a resolver which  
advertises EDNS support and where we captured an advertised EDNS MTU  
greater than 1900B.  Of these, only 87% (16050 out of 18458)  
successfully received the EDNS-large response.

The more sophisticated version, which checks both large and medium,  
has far fewer data points.  Of these, 87% (1946 out of 2232) were able  
to receive the large EDNS response, while 97.2% (2170 out of 2232)  
were able to receive the medium sized EDNS response.

Likewise, if we view based on resolver, 86% (1284 out of 1489) were  
able to receive the large response and 96% (1431 out of 1489) were  
able to receive the medium response.

Systems which can't handle large EDNS responses but can handle the  
medium sized responses are likely due to a middlebox which either  
can't handle DNS fragments, fragmented UDP traffic, or which assumes  
that DNS responses have to be smaller than ~1500B.

Systems that can't handle the large and medium EDNS responses are  
likely due to middleboxes which can't handle DNS responses > 512B.

If the middlebox couldn't handle EDNS, the edns-present query would  
have failed.


The situation is similar for the end user's connection.  On a query  
directly to our server from the applet, bypassing the recursive  
resolver, the EDNS large request is successful 86% of the time (3635  
out of 4211), the medium is successful 95% of the time (4019 out of  
4211), and the small is successful 99% of the time (4179 out of 4211).

This suggests that for the end user there is a significant problem  
with middleboxes.  Many middleboxes either can't NAT UDP fragments or  
do not reassemble fragmented DNS traffic before analysis, but a  
significant number simply assume that DNS packets are smaller than  
1400B.


We did not test the ability for middleboxes to parse DNSSEC responses  
or unknown RRTypes.  This could also be a concern with DNSSEC  
deployments.


			     Conclusions

The natural conclusion is there are significant numbers of "DNS aware"  
middleboxes in the paths for both recursive resolvers and end-users  
that are incorrect: they fail to properly pass large DNS responses. Of  
the failures, the most common failure is that they don't reassemble  
fragments before processing DNS traffic, (or have some other failure
which prevents > 1500B DNS responses from being processed), with an  
inability to handle > 512B responses a second concern.


Among other things, this suggests that DNSSEC-using authorities that  
wish to minimize EDNS failures and/or TCP fallback attempt to,  
whenever possible, ensure that responses fit within the ethernet MTU.



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From:  JINMEI Tatuya / =?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCP0BMQEMjOkgbKEI=?= <jinmei@isc.org>
To:  Sabahattin Gucukoglu <mail@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com>
Cc:  namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Glue Caching Misbehaviours
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At Thu, 25 Jun 2009 12:58:29 +0100,
Sabahattin Gucukoglu <mail@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com> wrote:

> Seems a bit pointless rewriting my problem statement and the  
> followups, so here's the IETF general discussion:
> http://www.mail-archive.com/ietf@ietf.org/msg42037.html

: The problem is this: the authoritative servers for a domain can
: easily never be consulted for DNS data if the resource being looked up
: happens to be available at the parent zone. That is,
: bigbox.example.net's address and the RR's TTL can never be as
: specified by the zone master unless he or she has control over the
: parent zone's delegation to example.net if bigbox.example.net happens
: to be serving for example.net. (Registries give you address control,
: of course, but often they fix on large TTLs.) 

Can you be more specific?  That is, could you provide an existent name
that causes the problem you stated, rather than the imaginary
"bigbox.example.net"?  Please also be more specific about "if the
resource being looked up happens to be available at the parent zone".
Do you mean, for example, something like this?

- A recursive server tries to resolve AAAA for "bigbox.example.net",
  and sends a query to a .net server.
- A .net server returns a referral like this:
  example.net. NS bigbox.example.net. (in the authority section)
  bigbox.example.net. AAAA 2001:db8::1234 (in the additional section)
- The recursive server simply caches the AAAA RR in the additional
  section, and returns that record to the client without following the
  delegation further.
(I know the answer is no, btw, because BIND9 doesn't behave this way)

---
JINMEI, Tatuya
Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.

  

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Cc: Sabahattin Gucukoglu <mail@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Glue Caching Misbehaviours
References: <2F9189CD-58A8-46B1-88C7-AC4D4BA2127F@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com> <m2eit27jmg.wl%jinmei@isc.org>
From: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Date: Tue, 30 Jun 2009 15:17:41 +0000
In-Reply-To: <m2eit27jmg.wl%jinmei@isc.org> ("JINMEI Tatuya / =?utf-8?B?56We5piO6YGU5ZOJIidz?= message of "Mon\, 29 Jun 2009 15\:36\:23 -0700")
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* JINMEI Tatuya / =E7=A5=9E=E6=98=8E=E9=81=94=E5=93=89:

> : The problem is this: the authoritative servers for a domain can
> : easily never be consulted for DNS data if the resource being looked up
> : happens to be available at the parent zone. That is,
> : bigbox.example.net's address and the RR's TTL can never be as
> : specified by the zone master unless he or she has control over the
> : parent zone's delegation to example.net if bigbox.example.net happens
> : to be serving for example.net. (Registries give you address control,
> : of course, but often they fix on large TTLs.)=20
>
> Can you be more specific?  That is, could you provide an existent name
> that causes the problem you stated, rather than the imaginary
> "bigbox.example.net"?

Try NS1.MSFT.NET.

> (I know the answer is no, btw, because BIND9 doesn't behave this way)

Eh, BIND 9.5 considers some non-authorative answers as authoritative,
like the one from Verisign's servers for NS1.MSFT.NET.  Last time I
looked at the code, there was some logic to pull an AA bit out of thin
air.

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=C3=9Fe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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Cc: Sabahattin Gucukoglu <mail@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com>, Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Glue Caching Misbehaviours
References: <2F9189CD-58A8-46B1-88C7-AC4D4BA2127F@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com> <0C56E994-CE14-4811-B3FB-DC2B78E78AAC@icsi.berkeley.edu> <04840579-9922-4435-9C2E-0E2A0B98501A@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com> <4A4413A1.90002@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>
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* Masataka Ohta:

> Glue in a refferal answer to a query may be cached, as long as
> the cache is used only for glue of a cached refferal answer to
> a query identical to the original query.

And all downstream resolvers also follow this rule and don't use the
data in any other way.  Not returning it to clients at all (but using
it to locate name servers in the subtree given by the referral) might
be more advisable.

--=20
Florian Weimer                <fweimer@bfk.de>
BFK edv-consulting GmbH       http://www.bfk.de/
Kriegsstra=DFe 100              tel: +49-721-96201-1
D-76133 Karlsruhe             fax: +49-721-96201-99

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Glue Caching Misbehaviours
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On Jun 30, 2009, at 8:17 AM, Florian Weimer wrote:
>
>
>> (I know the answer is no, btw, because BIND9 doesn't behave this way)
>
> Eh, BIND 9.5 considers some non-authorative answers as authoritative,
> like the one from Verisign's servers for NS1.MSFT.NET.  Last time I
> looked at the code, there was some logic to pull an AA bit out of thin
> air.

You can test for yourself if you are curious.  The only authority  
for .netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu is roland.icir.org.  (Yes, its only  
one nameserver.  But if Roland is down, our front end is down and  
netalyzr is down...)

But it does return alternate ones in the additional/auth field  
depending on query.

One such query: glue_ns_internal.{garbage}. 
{node}.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu returns the address of the node and  
also returns the node's IP as an authoritative nameserver with the  
name return_false.internal.{garbage}.{node}...

However, return_false.{anything}.netalyzr... returns the "false  
IP" (192.150.186.14.  The weird choice of addresses is to allow the  
testing to work within the Java same origin policy: unless the user  
trusts the address, Java returns either the address of the server or a  
security exception when a name is looked up, giving us a boolean test).


Bind's particular behavior seems to be "internal": If the A record is  
anywhere within the hieriarchy.

So a query for www.microsoft.com would have a .com authority return  
the glue records for ns{1-5}.msft.net, which bind will use but will  
not return the A records in response to queries to ns{1-5}.msft.net....

However, a query for www.msft.net will have .net return the glue  
records for ns{1-5}.msft.net, which bind WILL return for subsequent  
direct A record queries for those names, with the TTLs as provided by  
the .net authority, NOT what .msft.net's authorities provide.





The nameserver behavior itself:
; <<>> DiG 9.5.1-P1-RedHat-9.5.1-1.P1.fc10 <<>> +norecurse  
glue_ns_internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu @roland.icir.org
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 35428
;; flags: qr aa; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;glue_ns_internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu.        IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
glue_ns_internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 100 IN A 67.202.37.63

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 100 IN   NS      roland.icir.org.
n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 100 IN   NS       
return_false.internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
roland.icir.org.        100     IN      A       192.150.187.31
return_false.internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 100 IN A  
67.202.37.63


; <<>> DiG 9.5.1-P1-RedHat-9.5.1-1.P1.fc10 <<>> +norecurse  
return_false.internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu @roland.icir.org
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 18084
;; flags: qr aa; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 1, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;return_false.internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. IN        A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
return_false.internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 1 IN A  
192.150.186.14

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 100 IN NS roland.icir.org.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
roland.icir.org.        100     IN      A       192.150.187.31



But if you run through a Bind instance rather than direct to the  
authority.  (I forget what version we use here at ICSI, but the  
recursive resolver is some flavor of Bind):
; <<>> DiG 9.5.1-P1-RedHat-9.5.1-1.P1.fc10 <<>>  
glue_ns_internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu @192.150.186.8
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 35160
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 2

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;glue_ns_internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu.        IN A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
glue_ns_internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 100 IN A 67.202.37.63

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 100 IN   NS       
return_false.internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu.
n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 100 IN   NS      roland.icir.org.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
roland.icir.org.        3600    IN      A       192.150.187.31
return_false.internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 100 IN A  
67.202.37.63


; <<>> DiG 9.5.1-P1-RedHat-9.5.1-1.P1.fc10 <<>>  
return_false.internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu @192.150.186.8
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 62754
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 2, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; QUESTION SECTION:
;return_false.internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. IN        A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
return_false.internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 88 IN A  
67.202.37.63

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 88 IN    NS      roland.icir.org.
n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu. 88 IN    NS       
return_false.internal.n1.netalyzr.icsi.berkeley.edu.

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
roland.icir.org.        3600    IN      A       192.150.187.31


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From:	 JINMEI Tatuya / =?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCP0BMQEMjOkgbKEI=?= <jinmei@isc.org>
To:	 Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
Cc:	 Sabahattin Gucukoglu <mail@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Glue Caching Misbehaviours
In-Reply-To: <82k52t699m.fsf@mid.bfk.de>
References: <2F9189CD-58A8-46B1-88C7-AC4D4BA2127F@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com> <m2eit27jmg.wl%jinmei@isc.org> <82k52t699m.fsf@mid.bfk.de>
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At Tue, 30 Jun 2009 15:17:41 +0000,
Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de> wrote:

> > : The problem is this: the authoritative servers for a domain can
> > : easily never be consulted for DNS data if the resource being looked up
> > : happens to be available at the parent zone. That is,
> > : bigbox.example.net's address and the RR's TTL can never be as
> > : specified by the zone master unless he or she has control over the
> > : parent zone's delegation to example.net if bigbox.example.net happens
> > : to be serving for example.net. (Registries give you address control,
> > : of course, but often they fix on large TTLs.) 
> >
> > Can you be more specific?  That is, could you provide an existent name
> > that causes the problem you stated, rather than the imaginary
> > "bigbox.example.net"?
> 
> Try NS1.MSFT.NET.

I know this problem.  My first guess when I saw the message was
something like this, but it is nothing to do with the additional
section (at least from BIND9's point of view as a recursive server) as
the original problem description claimed:
http://www.mail-archive.com/ietf@ietf.org/msg42037.html

: As far as I can tell, every public recursive server I can reach,
: dnscache and BIND9, and one Microsoft cache and one of whatever
: OpenDNS uses, all do the wrong thing (TM) and never look up true data
: from authoritative name servers. They hang on to additional section
                                        ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
: data from the delegating name server and pass this on as truth, the

I don't know about other 'they', but in the case of BIND9 recursive
server resolving NS1.MSFT.NET, it hangs on to the *answer section* of
a non-authoritative response, not the additional section.  I didn't
know whether the original question was confused or meant something
else, and that's why I requested a precise problem description with a
checkable example.

> > (I know the answer is no, btw, because BIND9 doesn't behave this way)
> 
> Eh, BIND 9.5 considers some non-authorative answers as authoritative,
> like the one from Verisign's servers for NS1.MSFT.NET.  Last time I
> looked at the code, there was some logic to pull an AA bit out of thin
> air.

I know, but it's not the behavior in this context (if we interpret it
most precisely) as I explained above.  Regarding the 'hanging on to
non-authoritative answer section' issue, we'll fix the behavior.
Future versions of BIND9 recursive resolver will follow the delegation
from .net to msft.net ignoring the answer section returned from the
.net server.

---
JINMEI, Tatuya
Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.

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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun 30 10:27:59 2009
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To: Florian Weimer <fweimer@bfk.de>
CC: Sabahattin Gucukoglu <mail@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com>,  Nicholas Weaver <nweaver@ICSI.Berkeley.EDU>, namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Glue Caching Misbehaviours
References: <2F9189CD-58A8-46B1-88C7-AC4D4BA2127F@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com>	<0C56E994-CE14-4811-B3FB-DC2B78E78AAC@icsi.berkeley.edu>	<04840579-9922-4435-9C2E-0E2A0B98501A@sabahattin-gucukoglu.com>	<4A4413A1.90002@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp> <82fxdh693j.fsf@mid.bfk.de>
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Florian Weimer wrote:

>>Glue in a refferal answer to a query may be cached, as long as
>>the cache is used only for glue of a cached refferal answer to
>>a query identical to the original query.

> And all downstream resolvers also follow this rule and don't use the
> data in any other way.

It is merely required that all upstream resolvers of you and all
upstream name servers of your peer follow the rule, which is no
more difficult than deploying DNSSEC between you and your peer.

The resulting security is better than that of DNSSEC.

> Not returning it to clients at all (but using
> it to locate name servers in the subtree given by the referral) might
> be more advisable.

Maybe, though it may increase load on root servers.

						Masataka Ohta



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From owner-namedroppers@ops.ietf.org  Tue Jun 30 12:20:47 2009
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From: "David W. Hankins" <David_Hankins@isc.org>
To: namedroppers@ops.ietf.org
Subject: [dnsext] Re: ops.ietf.org Blacklisting Complications
Message-ID: <20090630191510.GA3283@isc.org>
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On Sat, Jun 27, 2009 at 07:41:10AM +0100, Sabahattin Gucukoglu wrote:
> ops.ietf.org is hosted at psg.com, which uses blacklists from the MAPS.

MAPS RBL does not exist anymore.  You may instead have meant
TrendMicro's ERS ("Email Reputation Service")?

smtp.googlemail.com is frequently listed on Trend's QIL database,
which is a highly fluctuating, short-duration list (part of the 'ERS
Advanced' product line, if I'm not mistaken).

So at least one option is to wait awhile until the listing expires.

--=20
David W. Hankins	"If you don't do it right the first time,
Software Engineer		     you'll just have to do it again."
Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.		-- Jack T. Hankins

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