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From: Douglas Otis <doug.mtview@gmail.com>
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To: John Levine <johnl@taugh.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] [spfbis] Sean Turner's No Objection on draft-ietf-spfbis-4408bis-19: (with COMMENT)
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Dear  John,

See comments inline.
=20
On Sep 12, 2013, at 8:02 AM, John Levine <johnl@taugh.com> wrote:

> I don't see anything about SPF that makes DNS spoofing more of a
> problem than any other DNS application, so I don't see why it needs
> another plug for DNSSEC.

For the record, I would like to strongly disagree with this statement.  =
SPFbis represents a significant change in how DNS and DNSSEC can be =
abused and network amplifications achieved. =20

SPF introduces predefined "mechanisms" in conjunction with "macros" that =
operate on message elements rather than just DNS resources.  These =
"mechanisms" combine with "macros" (if actually implemented by large =
providers) to allow any compromised system to leverage cached Resource =
Records to induce recipients into making more than 222 uniquely directed =
DNS transactions derived from check_host() message elements (111 DNS =
transactions for each of the two SPFbis check_host() message elements).  =
NO MITIGATION of this type of threat is possible without ignoring SPFbis =
records containing "macros".  This mitigation remains practical only by =
email providers (not DNS operators) since only 0.00053 of the domains =
publish records with a "macro" feature. =20

When DNSSEC is used, network amplification calculations change =
dramatically.  For example, the "PTR" or "MX" "mechanism" can be invoked =
10 times where each instance can resolve addresses for 10 RRs.  For the =
PTR mechanism, each invocation is permitted to return any number of PTR =
RRs where the upper bound on the response size could be 8x larger.  =
While SPFbis recommends against their publication, there is no =
recommendation against these "mechanisms" being processed by recipients =
which is where the threat is realized.   The complexity is represented =
by the target modulation permitted by SPFbis "macros".  RFC4033 does not =
offer any mitigation for this type of threat which becomes significantly =
worse when the DNS Message constraint changes from 512 octets and each =
message can then cause 222 massive UDP DNS transactions against two =
likely unrelated names constructed by macro expansion that SPFbis =
recommends be resolved.

> On the other hand, it's not a big deal, if it'll make the discuss go =
away, that's fine.

I don't think any DNS abuse mitigation strategy would be effective =
against SPFbis misuse of DNS.  SPFbis offers unknown entities =
significant access to DNS resources that can not be blocked by BCP38, =
rate limiting, or even be identified by RR Type or naming convention.  =
Sending a 1KB message could result in network amplifications =
significantly greater than that provided by source address spoofing.  =
The reason this is not likely an issue is that providers are not =
processing SPF records that contain macros because they may prefetch SPF =
records as a means of whitelisting which precludes use of "macros".  If =
so, "macros" may introduce significant interchange issues.  Too bad no =
survey was made regarding the publication or the processing of SPFbis =
"macros".=20

Regards,
Douglas Otis


>>>> =
----------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>> COMMENT:
>>>> =
----------------------------------------------------------------------
>>>>=20
>>>> Should s11.3 also provide a mitigation via a reference for the =
spoofed
>>>> DNS?  Right now it just points to the DNS threats RFC.  I guess the
>>>> reader can infer they should use DNSSEC if they're worried but =
adding a
>>>> pointer to the right RFC would be better.  Something as simple as =
adding
>>>> "... and see [RFCXYZ] for a countermeasure" or something like that.
>>>=20
>>> I'll suggest:
>>>=20
>>>   and see RFC 4033 for a countermeasure.
>>>=20
>>> and leave it to the SPFBIS WG to comment on the above.
>>=20
>> That would work for me.
> _______________________________________________
> spfbis mailing list
> spfbis@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/spfbis


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From: Kumar Ashutosh <askuma@microsoft.com>
To: "dnsext@ietf.org Group" <dnsext@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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Date: Thu, 3 Oct 2013 15:59:28 +0000
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Subject: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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Hi=20

In a scenario where,

Server NS1 hosts myzone.com (myzone.com is not DNSSEC signed) with an A rec=
ord at zone apex { myzone.com A 10.0.0.1 }
And=20
COM server hosts NS for myzone.com pointing to NS1

If the Query for A record of type myzone.com goes to  ROOT server from a DN=
SSEC validating resolver

Now as ROOT ( "." ) zone is signed. Root says that COM is signed by replyin=
g with DS record for COM.
A DNSSEC aware resolver with this data will conclude that COM is signed. He=
nce a record under COM should be signed unless it's a delegation NS record =
(at the zone cut).
COM replies with NS record pointing to NS1 without any RRSIG and NSEC3 (as =
DS for myzone.com is absent indicating an insecure delegation), which is ex=
pected.

Next the DNSSEC validating resolver asks NS1 for myzone.com. To this resolv=
er a record under COM MUST have RRSIG.
But NS1 that hosts the myzone.com responds for the A query with an A record=
 without any RRSIG.
The resolver was expecting a signed response for everything under COM, gets=
 an unsigned response and marks them as BOGUS and returns a SERV_FAIL
Some resolvers, do let the response pass but with AD bit set to 0 which a D=
NSSEC aware end client may not accept.

Is there any guidance around this?

Thanks
Ashu




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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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Kumar Ashutosh <askuma@microsoft.com> wrote:
>
> Now as ROOT ( "." ) zone is signed. Root says that COM is signed by
> replying with DS record for COM. A DNSSEC aware resolver with this data
> will conclude that COM is signed. Hence a record under COM should be
> signed unless it's a delegation NS record (at the zone cut).

Records under .com can also be unsigned if they are under a provably
insecure delegation.

> COM replies with NS record pointing to NS1 without any RRSIG and NSEC3
> (as DS for myzone.com is absent indicating an insecure delegation),
> which is expected.

No: if myzone.com is unsigned the referral will include a proof of
insecurity, like this:

; <<>> DiG 9.9.4rc1 <<>> +dnssec +norec myzone.com in a @a.gtld-servers.net
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 42648
;; flags: qr; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 6, ADDITIONAL: 3

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags: do; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;myzone.com.            IN A

;; AUTHORITY SECTION:
myzone.com.             2d IN NS ns1.myzone.com.
myzone.com.             2d IN NS ns2.myzone.com.
CK0POJMG874LJREF7EFN8430QVIT8BSM.com. 1d IN NSEC3 1 1 0 - (
                                CK0RFQAOES8CTVNVNH4G6Q85NOQAQ8I9
                                NS SOA RRSIG DNSKEY NSEC3PARAM )
CK0POJMG874LJREF7EFN8430QVIT8BSM.com. 1d IN RRSIG NSEC3 8 2 86400 (
                                20131009044051 20131002033051 8795 com.
                                JCPiPpefxwjdDLZFWX2Wab+EthcL8zhDJdT7hykL1w0v
                                8PlkE0wqQiCJMp1DG0AZITP9sk9YcNyhCK3cZz6SAjl7
                                DtR/yhqi9zY9Ra/bESrmrLHI7Iw8boG7Us9UPebdMU4o
                                vhe4nNLqwnf6GGJw3lSAzzFpr5UDeIVmS5EdDzs= )
KQ2VMKJAFRRU1S029E7TDJ2ARQAE2DEQ.com. 1d IN NSEC3 1 1 0 - (
                                KQ33P6J6S3E7AUT6M20OD79E277MR85S
                                NS DS RRSIG )
KQ2VMKJAFRRU1S029E7TDJ2ARQAE2DEQ.com. 1d IN RRSIG NSEC3 8 2 86400 (
                                20131008044035 20131001033035 8795 com.
                                jYuq/3PGoVYECWWDT6ZrxBPEbQjEjQa5CmRa1s7mJDz4
                                ULJBCA5gubj3nRTmx93mf/1DoHZoq/5ZIwl9SvzQXCKl
                                Q79NsVRXWuZOU5CuvNefNsf/RVL5nMjp5rLOk8MvaYNR
                                duZj8hJaHz3cP4nLwg0wv7JmjAO0WCiBSLwiF9s= )

;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:
ns1.myzone.com.         2d IN A 204.244.181.149
ns2.myzone.com.         2d IN A 204.244.181.150

;; Query time: 146 msec
;; SERVER: 2001:503:a83e::2:30#53(2001:503:a83e::2:30)
;; WHEN: Thu Oct 03 17:27:34 BST 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 592

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
Forties, Cromarty: East, veering southeast, 4 or 5, occasionally 6 at first.
Rough, becoming slight or moderate. Showers, rain at first. Moderate or good,
occasionally poor at first.

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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Kumar Ashutosh writes:
> The resolver was expecting a signed response for everything under
> COM, gets an unsigned response and marks them as BOGUS and returns a
> SERV_FAIL Some resolvers, do let the response pass but with AD bit
> set to 0 which a DNSSEC aware end client may not accept. 

You've observed these behaviours?  With which nameservers?

From sosain@microsoft.com  Sun Oct  6 09:17:33 2013
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From: Sourav Sain <sosain@microsoft.com>
To: Dave Lawrence <tale@dd.org>, Kumar Ashutosh <askuma@microsoft.com>
Thread-Topic: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
Thread-Index: Ac7ATe9x4lHsizWeS1mIFJsSspLh5AACqA0AAJVIAtA=
Date: Sun, 6 Oct 2013 16:16:35 +0000
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References: <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE4647EAD8D5@SINEX14MBXC405.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <21069.41000.63116.736893@gro.dd.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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Hi Dave

Presented below is a name resolution for "facebook.com, type=3DA". In the f=
irst name resolution against "218.248.240.179" we see that "69.171.239.12#5=
3(a.ns.facebook.com)" ends up returning an A record for QName=3Dfacebook.co=
m. Since COM is signed A record for facebook.com needs to have an RRSIG(A) =
in the response, which, obviously is missing as a.ns.facebook.com cannot re=
turn the signature for A using keys owned by COM. Our concern is, a securit=
y aware validating server, having root or COM's Trust Anchor, will expect a=
n RRSIG in the response for facebook.com, type=3DA, not having which, will =
conclude the response as BOGUS.

Regarding resolvers which lets the response PASS but with AD bit unset, ple=
ase see the 2nd and 3rd name resolutions. In the 2nd name resolution, I hav=
e tried to resolve "QName=3DCOM, QType=3DDS" and I can see that 8.8.8.8 res=
ponds with "flags: qr rd ra ad; Hence the response is Authenticated Data. B=
ut in the third name resolution for facebook.com, type=3DA, asking 8.8.8.8 =
for validated responses, we do get the response but without "ad" in flags. =
Shouldn't there be a Serv Fail in this case (third name resolution for "fac=
ebook.com, type=3DA")?

---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
-------------------------------
c:\dig\dig-files3>.\dig @218.248.240.179 facebook.com A +trace +dnssec

; <<>> DiG 9.3.2 <<>> @218.248.240.179 facebook.com A +trace +dnssec
; (1 server found)
;; global options:  printcmd
.                       438113  IN      NS      j.root-servers.net.
.                       438113  IN      NS      f.root-servers.net.
.                       438113  IN      NS      c.root-servers.net.
.                       438113  IN      NS      a.root-servers.net.
.                       438113  IN      NS      m.root-servers.net.
.                       438113  IN      NS      l.root-servers.net.
.                       438113  IN      NS      i.root-servers.net.
.                       438113  IN      NS      d.root-servers.net.
.                       438113  IN      NS      h.root-servers.net.
.                       438113  IN      NS      g.root-servers.net.
.                       438113  IN      NS      k.root-servers.net.
.                       438113  IN      NS      b.root-servers.net.
.                       438113  IN      NS      e.root-servers.net.
.                       438113  IN      RRSIG   NS 8 0 518400 2013101000000=
0 20131002230000 59085 . J77jB7Y61aBLsNMii8XphtUr1OwjIlzgwVz2W7FFzf1Yh0gKp1=
vyJ7G6 j9
MY3r/1TKEvOup6t/4Gnp4U32P8JP9FS6CzyoJYKOWCE8vSMekgcAr 4zwiBHfhhYndIJKJGpqpa=
F0GwnubiEREyXG7c5n53CCMjRh6ZB5/2FN0 V7E=3D
;; Received 857 bytes from 218.248.240.179#53(218.248.240.179) in 172 ms

com.                    172800  IN      NS      f.gtld-servers.net.
com.                    172800  IN      NS      e.gtld-servers.net.
com.                    172800  IN      NS      g.gtld-servers.net.
com.                    172800  IN      NS      m.gtld-servers.net.
com.                    172800  IN      NS      a.gtld-servers.net.
com.                    172800  IN      NS      c.gtld-servers.net.
com.                    172800  IN      NS      h.gtld-servers.net.
com.                    172800  IN      NS      k.gtld-servers.net.
com.                    172800  IN      NS      b.gtld-servers.net.
com.                    172800  IN      NS      j.gtld-servers.net.
com.                    172800  IN      NS      i.gtld-servers.net.
com.                    172800  IN      NS      l.gtld-servers.net.
com.                    172800  IN      NS      d.gtld-servers.net.
com.                    86400   IN      DS      30909 8 2 E2D3C916F6DEEAC73=
294E8268FB5885044A833FC5459588F4A9184CF C41A5766
com.                    86400   IN      RRSIG   DS 8 1 86400 20131013000000=
 20131005230000 59085 . BWF4iHvXMlOSY8AAhufgQuBOqt2kM7KRC5fnUJ14el+t75BKfas=
67coq luq
MPJFiXb1ON6SidUE+asWVnVFcRU0FU+503+A/bhSvRcvtncKTSAA LOCd/68q6nvw1+mG3P3IDJ=
VxDDEfBS3gpSctqZ73S1Y9dpSLhzjqhuY6 KYM=3D
;; Received 736 bytes from 192.58.128.30#53(j.root-servers.net) in 172 ms

facebook.com.           172800  IN      NS      a.ns.facebook.com.
facebook.com.           172800  IN      NS      b.ns.facebook.com.
CK0POJMG874LJREF7EFN8430QVIT8BSM.com. 86400 IN TYPE50 \# 35 010100000014650=
1B7E9587710CEFEFFBC49036905BE34AD22490007 22000000000290
CK0POJMG874LJREF7EFN8430QVIT8BSM.com. 86400 IN RRSIG TYPE50 8 2 86400 20131=
013044124 20131006033124 8795 com. H3vUWw6JkfKMP0xebYmX3dZBrsFWew3z46qhsGw0=
4P+xTexV/
vlHu2e g8w3WUiPMmE8tf+BZsPp3ssV3Ptoybv1h6atVFmbndBg1KxEpBpEM3ui HbEXeC+tR9f=
oRz9A7LnsTerG7OdEloyRKgHxRN+OkX4DLy3Q8tgj1XWl Fhs=3D
I287JBU8MGU307S65H71L34A9JJD947E.com. 86400 IN TYPE50 \# 34 010100000014909=
129C805FD2BEE60532B8E319B6CDC0D7AF5660006 200000000012
I287JBU8MGU307S65H71L34A9JJD947E.com. 86400 IN RRSIG TYPE50 8 2 86400 20131=
013043923 20131006032923 8795 com. hOj0Qr4RA/BmXNPO0qQsLkg5GFHW8UrLdXctCNFR=
gwYO9wK7O
aSSBmm Zk4SKjqr8gWosPtwHJYKgSzuXacCUHIv/g8LOz3MliRstmMtJwWR2KXG GHk89e8EDO4=
Hd1BjZsqiArXYmq3PZ1gyQjO6omHP1AtGbdJgTI8qC2+Z fWk=3D
;; Received 593 bytes from 192.12.94.30#53(e.gtld-servers.net) in 406 ms

facebook.com.           900     IN      A       173.252.110.27
facebook.com.           172800  IN      NS      a.ns.facebook.com.
facebook.com.           172800  IN      NS      b.ns.facebook.com.
;; Received 124 bytes from 69.171.239.12#53(a.ns.facebook.com) in 641 ms
---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
-------------------------------
c:\dig\dig-files3>.\dig @8.8.8.8 COM DS +dnssec

; <<>> DiG 9.3.2 <<>> @8.8.8.8 COM DS +dnssec
; (1 server found)
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 932
;; flags: qr rd ra ad; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 2, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags: do; udp: 512
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;COM.                           IN      DS

;; ANSWER SECTION:
COM.                    19029   IN      DS      30909 8 2 E2D3C916F6DEEAC73=
294E8268FB5885044A833FC5459588F4A9184CF C41A5766
COM.                    19029   IN      RRSIG   DS 8 1 86400 20131013000000=
 20131005230000 59085 . BWF4iHvXMlOSY8AAhufgQuBOqt2kM7KRC5fnUJ14el+t75BKfas=
67coq luqB
MPJFiXb1ON6SidUE+asWVnVFcRU0FU+503+A/bhSvRcvtncKTSAA LOCd/68q6nvw1+mG3P3IDJ=
VxDDEfBS3gpSctqZ73S1Y9dpSLhzjqhuY6 KYM=3D

;; Query time: 187 msec
;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8)
;; WHEN: Sun Oct 06 19:58:11 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 239
---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
-------------------------------
c:\dig\dig-files3>.\dig @8.8.8.8 facebook.com A +dnssec

; <<>> DiG 9.3.2 <<>> @8.8.8.8 facebook.com A +dnssec
; (1 server found)
;; global options:  printcmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 367
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1

;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags: do; udp: 512
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;facebook.com.                  IN      A

;; ANSWER SECTION:
facebook.com.           834     IN      A       173.252.110.27

;; Query time: 406 msec
;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(8.8.8.8)
;; WHEN: Sun Oct 06 19:58:26 2013
;; MSG SIZE  rcvd: 57

-----Original Message-----
From: Dave Lawrence [mailto:tale@dd.org]=20
Sent: 03 October 2013 22:20
To: Kumar Ashutosh
Cc: dnsext@ietf.org Group; Sourav Sain
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC

Kumar Ashutosh writes:
> The resolver was expecting a signed response for everything under COM,=20
> gets an unsigned response and marks them as BOGUS and returns a=20
> SERV_FAIL Some resolvers, do let the response pass but with AD bit set=20
> to 0 which a DNSSEC aware end client may not accept.

You've observed these behaviours?  With which nameservers?

From jim@rfc1035.com  Mon Oct  7 08:21:36 2013
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From: Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>
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References: <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE4647EAD8D5@SINEX14MBXC405.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <21069.41000.63116.736893@gro.dd.org> <F04702D34F7A2740A330302703120864384C8916@SINEX14MBXC421.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com>
To: Sourav Sain <sosain@microsoft.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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On 6 Oct 2013, at 17:16, Sourav Sain <sosain@microsoft.com> wrote:

> Our concern is, a security aware validating server, having root or =
COM's Trust Anchor, will expect an RRSIG in the response for =
facebook.com, type=3DA, not having which, will conclude the response as =
BOGUS.

Your concern would be valid if that was how DNSSEC works. But it =
doesn't. facebook.com is not signed. The zone has no DNSKEYs or RRSIGs. =
There are no DS records in .com for facebook.com either: hardly =
surprising because facebook.com is not signed and has no key-signing =
keys.

A validating resolver would not expect to find an RRSIG for =
facebook.com's A record RRset. It would not be able to validate that =
RRSIG if it was present because the zone does not have signed =
delegation. [Well, not unless it had some other out of band TA for =
facebook.com.] It would know from the metadata in the .com zone that =
facebook.com was not signed and continue to resolve names in that =
domain, albeit without doing any validation. The answers that validating =
resolver returned to its clients will have the AD (Authentic Data) bit =
set in the DNS header to indicate if the answer had been sucessfully =
validated or not validated at all.


From tale@dd.org  Mon Oct  7 10:33:25 2013
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To: Sourav Sain <sosain@microsoft.com>
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Cc: "dnsext@ietf.org Group" <dnsext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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Sourav Sain writes:
> Presented below is a name resolution for "facebook.com, type=A". In
> the first name resolution against "218.248.240.179" we see that
> "69.171.239.12#53(a.ns.facebook.com)" ends up returning an A record
> for QName=facebook.com. Since COM is signed A record for facebook.com
> needs to have an RRSIG(A) in the response, which, obviously is missing
> as a.ns.facebook.com cannot return the signature for A using keys
> owned by COM. Our concern is, a security aware validating server,
> having root or COM's Trust Anchor, will expect an RRSIG in the
> response for facebook.com, type=A, not having which, will conclude the
> response as BOGUS. 

To expand a little on the answer that Jim Reid gave, it is important
to remember the principle that for records at a zone cut, almost all
records are authoritatively owned by the delegated zone, not the
delegator.  The only exception to this is the DS record.  Therefore
this sentence from above, and the crux of your problem, is not
correct:

> Since COM is signed A record for facebook.com needs to have an
> RRSIG(A) in the response

A properly written, standards-compliant validating resolver will
recognize that when it originally asked the GTLD servers for
facebook.com it got a provably insecure delegation to the facebook.com
nameservers.  Therefore it will know that all records within the zone,
including those at the apex, will not come with signatures.


From paul@nohats.ca  Tue Oct 15 13:21:46 2013
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As discussed, I separated the EDNS TCP keep-alive option from the EDNS
chain-query document, and Joe Abley kindly offered his assistance in
(re)writing this document.

Paul


-------- Original Message --------
From: internet-drafts@ietf.org
To: Paul Wouters <pwouters@redhat.com>, Joe Abley <jabley@dyn.com>
Subject: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt
Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2013 09:39:54 -0700

A new version of I-D, draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt
has been successfully submitted by Paul Wouters and posted to the
IETF repository.

Filename:	 draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive
Revision:	 00
Title:		 The edns-tcp-keepalive EDNS0 Option
Creation date:	 2013-10-15
Group:		 Individual Submission
Number of pages: 9
URL:             http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt
Status:          http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive
Htmlized:        http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00


Abstract:
    DNS messages between clients and servers may be received over either
    UDP or TCP.  UDP transport involves keeping less state on a busy
    server, but can cause truncation and retries over TCP.  Additionally,
    UDP can be exploited for reflection attacks.  Using TCP would reduce
    retransmits and amplification.  However, clients are currently
    limited in their use of the TCP transport as most implementations
    limit the TCP session to a single DNS query and answer, making use of
    TCP only suitable as a fallback protocol for UDP.

    This document defines an EDNS0 option ("edns-tcp-keepalive") that
    allows DNS clients and servers to signal their respective readiness
    to conduct multiple DNS transactions over individual TCP sessions.
    This signalling facilitates a better balance of UDP and TCP transport
    between individual clients and servers, reducing the impact of
    problems associated with UDP transport and allowing the state
    associated with TCP transport to be managed effectively with minimal
    impact on the DNS transaction time.




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From paul@nohats.ca  Tue Oct 15 13:24:37 2013
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This is the 01 version for edns-tcp-chain-query-01

- Moved TCP Keep-alive into a separate document
- Allow edns-tcp-chain-query discovery over UDP
- Clarify CNAME / DNAME 
- Cleanup of text.

Paul


-------- Original Message --------
From: internet-drafts@ietf.org
To: Paul Wouters <pwouters@redhat.com>
Subject: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-01.txt
Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2013 10:21:52 -0700

A new version of I-D, draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-01.txt
has been successfully submitted by Paul Wouters and posted to the
IETF repository.

Filename:	 draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query
Revision:	 01
Title:		 TCP chain query requests in DNS
Creation date:	 2013-10-15
Group:		 Individual Submission
Number of pages: 15
URL:             http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-01.txt
Status:          http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query
Htmlized:        http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-01
Diff:            http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-01

Abstract:
    This document defines an EDNS0 extension that can be used by a DNSSEC
    enabled Recursive Nameserver configured as a forwarder to send a
    single query over TCP requesting to receive a complete validation
    path along with the regular query answer.




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From jay@nzrs.net.nz  Wed Oct 16 02:33:19 2013
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From: Jay Daley <jay@nzrs.net.nz>
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Subject: [dnsext] Extending UPDATE to add/remove zones
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=46rom my previous post on my draft for a new DNS opcode - servezones - =
I think there is reasonable interest in an in-band mechanism that =
instructs a nameserver to etiher start or stop serving one or more =
zones.  The area with less certainty is what that mechanism should be, a =
new Opcode (but it's only a 4 bit space!) or extending UPDATE.

I'm planing to write a draft that shows how UPDATE could be extended to =
do this and then we can compare that with my servezones draft and see =
which is preferred.  To do that I'd like some help in determining the =
algorithm for how the extended UPDATE is processed.=20

Here's my starter for 10.

1.  A new EDNS option code is assigned that changes the behaviour of the =
UPDATE as follows (alternatively this could be signalled with a ZTYPE =
different from SOA)

2.  The ZONE section specifies the zones to be added/removed.  There can =
be any number of zones listed here to add or remove.  For each zone, if =
the CLASS is ANY then the zone is to be removed, whereas if it is ANY =
then the zone is to be added.  This use of CLASS corresponds to the way =
that it is used to determine if an rrset should be added or removed in =
the current UPDATE message.

3.  The pre-requisite section is ignored.

4.  The Update section can only contain Adds and only when zones are to =
be added.  If any records are specified here then that means that the =
zones to be added are masters and these records are all added to those =
zones before serving begin.   None of these records may be fully =
qualified so as to ensure that they apply to all the zones listed.  One =
of these records must be a SOA record with an empty name, which will be =
replaced with the zone name

5.  If there is data in the Additional section then that signifies that =
the zones to be added are slaves.   The records here must be NS records =
that specify the masters for the zones to be added.  There can only be =
records here or in the Update section but not both as zones cannot be =
both masters and slaves.

Is that it? Anything need changing?


BTW we could extend this just a little bit more:

6.  If there is a DNSKEY record in the Additional section then this =
specifies a TSIG key that this server should use for pulling the zone.  =
The name for the DNSKEY record is the name of the key as used by TSIG.  =
This DNSKEY is not added into the zone.


Jay

--=20
Jay Daley
Chief Executive
.nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
desk: +64 4 931 6977
mobile: +64 21 678840
linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jaydaley


From ietf@rozanak.com  Wed Oct 16 02:40:59 2013
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From: "Hosnieh Rafiee" <ietf@rozanak.com>
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>6.  If there is a DNSKEY record in the Additional section then this
specifies a TSIG key that this server should use for pulling the zone.  The
name for the DNSKEY record is the name of the key as used by TSIG.  This
DNSKEY is not added into the zone.


I have a question. What would you do with the other algorithms of TSIG that
only use TSIG as an option and is quite different than original TSIG? Such
as cga-tsig.

Thanks,
Hosnieh


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On 16/10/2013, at 10:40 PM, "Hosnieh Rafiee" <ietf@rozanak.com> wrote:

> I have a question. What would you do with the other algorithms of TSIG =
that
> only use TSIG as an option and is quite different than original TSIG? =
Such
> as cga-tsig.

I'm not sure how that is relevant - perhaps you could explain?  And to =
answer your question - I have no idea at all.

Jay

>=20
> Thanks,
> Hosnieh
>=20


--=20
Jay Daley
Chief Executive
.nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
desk: +64 4 931 6977
mobile: +64 21 678840
linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jaydaley


From gson@araneus.fi  Wed Oct 16 03:30:57 2013
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From: Andreas Gustafsson <gson@araneus.fi>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Extending UPDATE to add/remove zones
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A couple of comments, without taking sides for or against the general
idea:

> For each zone, if the CLASS is ANY then the zone is to be removed,
> whereas if it is ANY then the zone is to be added.

Presumably the latter "is ANY" should read "is not ANY".

>  None of these records may be fully qualified so as to ensure that
>  they apply to all the zones listed.

There is no way to encode that in the DNS protocol.  All names are
fully qualified on the wire; relative names are merely a convenience
notation used in master files and other user interfaces.
-- 
Andreas Gustafsson, gson@araneus.fi

From fanf2@hermes.cam.ac.uk  Wed Oct 16 04:40:34 2013
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From: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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I think it should be made clear that it is fine for clients to use TCP
keepalive without this spec, and servers must support that. (This is
particularly handy for asynchronous bulk DNS lookups with software like
adns which uses at most two sockets.) My understanding is what this spec
is supposed to do is to (1) allow servers to close TCP connections more
aggressively than RFC 1035 says, and (2) signal to clients how long they
can expect idle connections to last. I think (1) should be allowed
regardless of any explicit signalling.

Section 3.2.2: Use by DNS Clients - Receiving Responses

   A DNS client that receives a response using TCP transport that
   includes the edns-tcp-keepalive option MAY keep the existing TCP
   session open.

I would prefer this to say:

   A DNS client that receives a response using TCP transport MAY
   keep the existing TCP session open whether or not the response
   includes the edns-tcp-keepalive option.

   A DNS client that receives a response using TCP transport that
   includes the edns-tcp-keepalive option SHOULD close an idle
   connection within the period given in the TIMEOUT value.

The idea in this second paragraph is to encourage clients to take care of
the connection's FIN-WAIT-2 state.

Section 3.3.2: Use by DNS Servers - Sending Responses

This section is problematic. Absence of a edns-tcp-keepalive option should
not imply that keepalive is not allowed, since that is an incompatible
change to existing requirements. I think it would be better if no
keepalive were signalled with a edns-tcp-keepalive timeout of zero, and
indefinite keepalive by omitting the option (since this is an undefined
timeout not an infinite one, because infinite is impossible).

Even if the timeout is zero this should still be an *idle* timeout, and we
should keep the RFC 1035 requirement that the server "should delay closing
its end of the connection until all outstanding client requests have been
satisfied." Perhaps there is an opportunity to allow servers to kill
active connections: a TIMEOUT value of zero could mean "this is the last
response on this connection; gotta close it. if you were expecting any
more responses they have been discarded, sorry!". But my guess is that
aggressively closing active TCP connections will lead to increased load
because of connection thrashing.

So I suggest deleting the last paragraph of section 3.2.2, which describes
how clients should interpret a zero timeout, and I suggest the following
text to replace the whole of section 3.3.2:

   The existing DNS specifications state that DNS servers MUST support
   multiple DNS transactions on a single TCP connection. They MAY close
   idle connections, but they SHOULD NOT close the connection until all
   client requests have been satisfied.

   DNS servers MAY include the edns-tcp-keepalive option in responses
   sent using UDP transport to indicate to the client the TIMEOUT value
   it might expect if it was to open a TCP session with the server and
   receive a response with the edns-tcp-keepalive option present.

   DNS servers MAY include the edns-tcp-keepalive option in responses
   sent using TCP transport to signal how long they are willing to keep
   idle connections open. Servers MUST specify the TIMEOUT value that is
   currently associated with the TCP session. It is reasonable for this
   value to change according to local resource constraints.  The DNS
   server can set the TIMEOUT value to zero to indicate that it intends to
   close the connection as soon as there are no more outstanding requests.

Section 3.6: Anycast Considerations

This seems excessively pessimistic about the stability of anycast routing.
It works OK for HTTP, so why not DNS over TCP? A short TIMEOUT should be
fine.

Section 4: Security Considerations

This is nonsense! The edns-tcp-keepalive option makes no difference to the
ability of clients to make large numbers of concurrent requests.

I think this section could discuss points like:

* Good: this spec explicitly allows servers to close connections more
aggressively in order to avoid resource exhaustion, which improves the
availability of servers in overload situations.

* Risk: servers and clients must not treat timeout values as strong
commitments - the server is always allowed to close connections early to
reclaim resources.

* Risk: closing connections too early may lead to connection thrashing
which may increase load

* Risk: servers that close connections have to keep a TCP control block in
memory to keep track of the FIN-WAIT-2 period, so it is generally
preferable for the client to close the connection and handle FIN-WAIT-2.
Good: this spec gives clients a clear indication of when they should close
connections.

* Advice: perhaps there should be something about the extra memory
resources used by tcp connection buffers.

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
Forties, Cromarty: East, veering southeast, 4 or 5, occasionally 6 at first.
Rough, becoming slight or moderate. Showers, rain at first. Moderate or good,
occasionally poor at first.

From tale@dd.org  Wed Oct 16 07:19:11 2013
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Andreas Gustafsson writes:
> >  None of these records may be fully qualified so as to ensure that
> >  they apply to all the zones listed.
> 
> There is no way to encode that in the DNS protocol.  All names are
> fully qualified on the wire; relative names are merely a convenience
> notation used in master files and other user interfaces.

Well sure there is, you declare "in this special type of message, all
of the records in the update section are relative to the zones in the
zone section."  I inferred the original intent was to be able to add a
block of zones all with the same template.

Personally I think that's a bad idea, or at the least underspecified
in the original description -- does this concept apply only to owner
names, or names within rdata as well?

It seems like a premature optimization though, and puts too many eggs
in one basket.  Just using separate messages for each zone with
everything fully-qualified does not seem like onerous overhead to me.

From paul@nohats.ca  Wed Oct 16 08:05:54 2013
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From: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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On Wed, 16 Oct 2013, Tony Finch wrote:

> I think it should be made clear that it is fine for clients to use TCP
> keepalive without this spec, and servers must support that. (This is
> particularly handy for asynchronous bulk DNS lookups with software like
> adns which uses at most two sockets.) My understanding is what this spec
> is supposed to do is to (1) allow servers to close TCP connections more
> aggressively than RFC 1035 says, and (2) signal to clients how long they
> can expect idle connections to last. I think (1) should be allowed
> regardless of any explicit signalling.

Historically, DNS transactions over TCP only handle 1 query/answer.

That's not what the specification was supposed to mean, but that's what
it has become in practise. Joe and I therefor thought it would be best
to leave that existing deployment as-is, and use a new option to clearly
unambiguously indicate that yes we will actually allow more than one
query and actively encourage it. That was our number one goal.

So while we don't disagree with you that implementators could fix that,
we thought it would be error prone to change that. It would be
impossible to distinguish between old unpatched DNS software and new
patched DNS software. This new option makes it abundantly clear. It
avoids mismatched expectations between DNS clients and DNS servers.

And while doing so, allows us to warn DNS clients about idle TCP
connections, as we expect that a lot of load balances would interfere
with long outstanding TCP sessions that would require a special signal
to the DNS clients not to linger too long.

We will look at your proposed changes, especially the security section
ones, and merge in what seems appropriate. But unless I hear more people
who would favour making the new option more "optional" I think we should
stick to this more clear cut of the undefined past behaviour.

Paul

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From derek@ihtfp.com  Wed Oct 16 10:24:30 2013
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From: Derek Atkins <derek@ihtfp.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Extending UPDATE to add/remove zones
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Hi,

Jay Daley <jay@nzrs.net.nz> writes:

>>From my previous post on my draft for a new DNS opcode - servezones -
> I think there is reasonable interest in an in-band mechanism that
> instructs a nameserver to etiher start or stop serving one or more
> zones.  The area with less certainty is what that mechanism should be,
> a new Opcode (but it's only a 4 bit space!) or extending UPDATE.
>
> I'm planing to write a draft that shows how UPDATE could be extended
> to do this and then we can compare that with my servezones draft and
> see which is preferred.  To do that I'd like some help in determining
> the algorithm for how the extended UPDATE is processed.
[snip]

I admit I haven't read the whole draft, but my question is how do you
authenticate and, more importantly, authorize the addition or (worse)
deletion of zones?  Imagine an attack vector where someone could get
your domain's DNS servers to stop serving your domain(s)!

I think the security of adding and (more importantly) removing zones
should be carefully documented and discussed.

> Jay

-derek

-- 
       Derek Atkins                 617-623-3745
       derek@ihtfp.com             www.ihtfp.com
       Computer and Internet Security Consultant

From alex@alex.org.uk  Wed Oct 16 11:18:05 2013
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On 16 Oct 2013, at 18:23, Derek Atkins wrote:

> I admit I haven't read the whole draft, but my question is how do you
> authenticate and, more importantly, authorize the addition or (worse)
> deletion of zones?  Imagine an attack vector where someone could get
> your domain's DNS servers to stop serving your domain(s)!
> 
> I think the security of adding and (more importantly) removing zones
> should be carefully documented and discussed.

I'm not sure why this would be different from someone doing an update
to remove the entire content of the zone served. Thus I don't really
see why it should need security any different from the existing
provisions for security.

-- 
Alex Bligh





From jay@nzrs.net.nz  Wed Oct 16 13:27:25 2013
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From: Jay Daley <jay@nzrs.net.nz>
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Thanks to all those that replied.  I've summarised and responded to the =
points below:


1.  The restriction on FQDNs is too complex and there's no problem with =
provisioning multiple zones in multiple packets.

I agree and I'll change it so that only one master can be added per =
update.  I was indeed thinking about zone templating and that's not a =
DNS issue.=20


2.  Clarify what the ZCLASS needs to be set to.

ZCLASS =3D=3D ANY means delete,  ZCLASS !=3D ANY means add.


3.  There is a substantial security risk here that needs to be =
addressed.

I agree.  Both zone transfer and dynamic updates have security added =
over the top through IP address restriction and/or TSIG and I think the =
same approach should be taken here of identifying the security issue and =
recommending over the top security but not requiring any.  It would also =
be useful to state that implementors must support TSIG for this and must =
not turn it on by default.


One more question - do we really need an EDNS option code as we could do =
it all by the ZTYPE + ZCLASS without breaking anything:

	ZTYPE =3D=3D SOA and ZCLASS !=3D ANY means update an existing =
zone
	ZTYPE =3D=3D NS and ZCLASS !=3D ANY means add an existing zone
	ZTYPE =3D=3D NS and ZCLASS =3D ANY means delete an existing zone

Any thoughts?

Jay

--=20
Jay Daley
Chief Executive
.nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
desk: +64 4 931 6977
mobile: +64 21 678840
linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jaydaley


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In message <0A7FCD00-56F0-480F-97BE-4978510534D0@nzrs.net.nz>, Jay Daley writes
:
> Thanks to all those that replied.  I've summarised and responded to the point
> s below:
> 
> 
> 1.  The restriction on FQDNs is too complex and there's no problem with provi
> sioning multiple zones in multiple packets.
> 
> I agree and I'll change it so that only one master can be added per update.  
> I was indeed thinking about zone templating and that's not a DNS issue. 
> 
> 
> 2.  Clarify what the ZCLASS needs to be set to.
> 
> ZCLASS == ANY means delete,  ZCLASS != ANY means add.

If you have example.net/in and example.net/hs which example.net are you
referring to with example.net/any?

Mark
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

From jay@nzrs.net.nz  Wed Oct 16 13:50:58 2013
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On 17/10/2013, at 9:47 AM, Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org> wrote:

>=20
> In message <0A7FCD00-56F0-480F-97BE-4978510534D0@nzrs.net.nz>, Jay =
Daley writes
> :
>> Thanks to all those that replied.  I've summarised and responded to =
the point
>> s below:
>>=20
>>=20
>> 1.  The restriction on FQDNs is too complex and there's no problem =
with provi
>> sioning multiple zones in multiple packets.
>>=20
>> I agree and I'll change it so that only one master can be added per =
update. =20
>> I was indeed thinking about zone templating and that's not a DNS =
issue.=20
>>=20
>>=20
>> 2.  Clarify what the ZCLASS needs to be set to.
>>=20
>> ZCLASS =3D=3D ANY means delete,  ZCLASS !=3D ANY means add.
>=20
> If you have example.net/in and example.net/hs which example.net are =
you
> referring to with example.net/any?

We've already got that problem:

In UPDATE as it currently exists if you have two different RRs  of the =
same type and different class in the same zone then which is being =
referred to with CLASS =3D=3D ANY ?

Jay

>=20
> Mark
> --=20
> Mark Andrews, ISC
> 1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
> PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org


--=20
Jay Daley
Chief Executive
.nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
desk: +64 4 931 6977
mobile: +64 21 678840
linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jaydaley


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Extending UPDATE to add/remove zones
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In message <8275EE16-6026-4FAD-8CD6-702D4B018F81@nzrs.net.nz>, Jay Daley writes
:
>
> On 17/10/2013, at 9:47 AM, Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org> wrote:
>
> >
> > In message <0A7FCD00-56F0-480F-97BE-4978510534D0@nzrs.net.nz>, Jay
> Daley writes
> > :
> >> Thanks to all those that replied.  I've summarised and responded to
> the point
> >> s below:
> >>
> >>
> >> 1.  The restriction on FQDNs is too complex and there's no problem
> with provi
> >> sioning multiple zones in multiple packets.
> >>
> >> I agree and I'll change it so that only one master can be added per
> update.
> >> I was indeed thinking about zone templating and that's not a DNS
> issue.
> >>
> >>
> >> 2.  Clarify what the ZCLASS needs to be set to.
> >>
> >> ZCLASS == ANY means delete,  ZCLASS != ANY means add.
> >
> > If you have example.net/in and example.net/hs which example.net are you
> > referring to with example.net/any?
>
> We've already got that problem:
>
> In UPDATE as it currently exists if you have two different RRs  of the
> same type and different class in the same zone then which is being
> referred to with CLASS == ANY ?

A zone, by definition, only contains records of a single class.  The zone
section specify the class of the zone being operated on.

Zone:  example.net IN SOA
Update: example.net ANY TXT

Says delete all example.net IN TXT records.

> Jay
>
> >
> > Mark
> > --
> > Mark Andrews, ISC
> > 1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
> > PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org
>
>
> --
> Jay Daley
> Chief Executive
> .nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
> desk: +64 4 931 6977
> mobile: +64 21 678840
> linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jaydaley
>

-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

From jay@nzrs.net.nz  Wed Oct 16 14:31:37 2013
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On 17/10/2013, at 10:08 AM, Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org> wrote:

> A zone, by definition, only contains records of a single class.

It's not that I doubt you but can you provide a reference to that so =
that I can if there is any wriggle room there?

And what would your solution be to signifying that a zone is to be =
deleted?  Without one we have to abandon extending UPDATE and burn an =
opcode.

Jay

--=20
Jay Daley
Chief Executive
.nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
desk: +64 4 931 6977
mobile: +64 21 678840
linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jaydaley


From ietf@rozanak.com  Wed Oct 16 14:36:49 2013
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>I'm not sure how that is relevant - perhaps you could explain?  And to
answer your question - I have no idea at all.

Cga-tsig addresses secure authentication during different scenarios such as
FQDN, zone transfer, resolver to client, resolver to authoritative servers,
etc.
It uses cga parameters as a means for this authentication. CGA proves the
address ownership of nodes by finding a binding between the nodes' public
key and its iP address. Cga-tsig adds cga parameters to the otherdata
section of TSIG RDATA. So, it is quite different than TSIG but it will be a
new algorithm in tsig. 
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-rafiee-intarea-cga-tsig-06

- What is the difference between your proposed work with cga-tsig draft and
tsig? What is the overlap between your proposed work and cga-tsig draft?

Thanks,
Best,
Hosnieh





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On 17/10/2013, at 10:35 AM, Hosnieh Rafiee <ietf@rozanak.com> wrote:

>> I'm not sure how that is relevant - perhaps you could explain?  And =
to
> answer your question - I have no idea at all.
>=20
> Cga-tsig addresses secure authentication during different scenarios =
such as
> FQDN, zone transfer, resolver to client, resolver to authoritative =
servers,
> etc.
> It uses cga parameters as a means for this authentication. CGA proves =
the
> address ownership of nodes by finding a binding between the nodes' =
public
> key and its iP address. Cga-tsig adds cga parameters to the otherdata
> section of TSIG RDATA. So, it is quite different than TSIG but it will =
be a
> new algorithm in tsig.=20
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-rafiee-intarea-cga-tsig-06
>=20
> - What is the difference between your proposed work with cga-tsig =
draft and
> tsig? What is the overlap between your proposed work and cga-tsig =
draft?

No Hosnieh I'm not falling for that.  If you think there is any =
overlap/conflict/interaction between my proposed work and the cga-tsig =
draft then please identify it and I will address it. =20

To be clear, since it appears to me that you might not have understood, =
the only idea I am floating around TSIG is that a DNSKEY record is given =
to a nameserver with the intention that is should use to authenticate =
(via TSIG) a zone transfer request for a new zone that it is asked to =
serve as a slave.

Jay


--=20
Jay Daley
Chief Executive
.nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
desk: +64 4 931 6977
mobile: +64 21 678840
linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jaydaley


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From: "Hosnieh Rafiee" <ietf@rozanak.com>
To: "Jay Daley" <jay@nzrs.net.nz>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Extending UPDATE to add/remove zones
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Sorry I forgot to submit it to the list ...

>No Hosnieh I'm not falling for that.  If you think there is any
overlap/conflict/interaction between my proposed work and the cga-tsig draft
then please >identify it and I will address it.  

>To be clear, since it appears to me that you might not have understood, the
only idea I am floating around TSIG is that a DNSKEY record is given to a
>nameserver with the intention that is should use to authenticate (via TSIG)
a zone transfer request for a new zone that it is asked to serve as a slave.

I am attempting to rephrase my question. Correct me if I am wrong... I think
DNSKEY is for DNSSEC and not for TSIG. TSIG uses shared secret and it is
added to DNS configuration file (isn't stored in any record in database) .
dissimilar to a part of DNSSEC it is not public key cryptography. This means
that you cannot add the shared secret in DNSKEY for authentication. Security
problem... TSIG might use TKEY which is different than DNSKEY. 
Secondly, I guess addressing TSIG here does not really make sense as you are
not fully addressing security but you're planning to make the DNS update
more efficient. So, I suggest that you only think about  making the Update
more efficient and let other approaches like other RRs TSIG, cga-tsig secure
your approach. 

Thanks,
Best, 
Hosnieh


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In message <1333FFAC-06F8-4D09-B9F7-70D8830D2A9C@nzrs.net.nz>, Jay Daley writes
:
> 
> On 17/10/2013, at 10:08 AM, Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org> wrote:
> 
> > A zone, by definition, only contains records of a single class.
> 
> It's not that I doubt you but can you provide a reference to that so =
> that I can if there is any wriggle room there?


RFC 1034 4.2. How the database is divided into zones

I won't quote all of this but you can't achieve what is defined there
without zones being a single class.

RFC 1035 5.2. Use of master files to define zones

When a master file is used to load a zone, the operation should be
suppressed if any errors are encountered in the master file.  The
rationale for this is that a single error can have widespread
consequences.  For example, suppose that the RRs defining a delegation
have syntax errors; then the server will return authoritative name
errors for all names in the subzone (except in the case where the
subzone is also present on the server).

Several other validity checks that should be performed in addition to
insuring that the file is syntactically correct:

   1. All RRs in the file should have the same class.

   2. Exactly one SOA RR should be present at the top of the zone.

   3. If delegations are present and glue information is required,
      it should be present.

 
> And what would your solution be to signifying that a zone is to be =
> deleted?  Without one we have to abandon extending UPDATE and burn an =
> opcode.
> 
> Jay
> 
> --=20
> Jay Daley
> Chief Executive
> .nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
> desk: +64 4 931 6977
> mobile: +64 21 678840
> linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jaydaley
> 
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Extending UPDATE to add/remove zones
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On 17/10/2013, at 11:16 AM, Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org> wrote:

>   1. All RRs in the file should have the same class.

Great thanks - so overloading class to signify deletion can't be used at =
the zone level as there is no wriggle room at all.

That still leaves the following question (it was after all you that said =
we should extend UPDATE instead of defining another opcode):

>> And what would your solution be to signifying that a zone is to be =3D
>> deleted?  Without one we have to abandon extending UPDATE and burn an =
=3D
>> opcode.

Jay

--=20
Jay Daley
Chief Executive
.nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
desk: +64 4 931 6977
mobile: +64 21 678840
linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jaydaley


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On 17/10/2013, at 11:12 AM, "Hosnieh Rafiee" <ietf@rozanak.com> wrote:

> Sorry I forgot to submit it to the list ...
>=20
>> No Hosnieh I'm not falling for that.  If you think there is any
> overlap/conflict/interaction between my proposed work and the cga-tsig =
draft
> then please >identify it and I will address it. =20
>=20
>> To be clear, since it appears to me that you might not have =
understood, the
> only idea I am floating around TSIG is that a DNSKEY record is given =
to a
>> nameserver with the intention that is should use to authenticate (via =
TSIG)
> a zone transfer request for a new zone that it is asked to serve as a =
slave.
>=20
> I am attempting to rephrase my question. Correct me if I am wrong... I =
think
> DNSKEY is for DNSSEC and not for TSIG. TSIG uses shared secret and it =
is
> added to DNS configuration file (isn't stored in any record in =
database) .
> dissimilar to a part of DNSSEC it is not public key cryptography. This =
means
> that you cannot add the shared secret in DNSKEY for authentication. =
Security
> problem... TSIG might use TKEY which is different than DNSKEY.=20

Yes it probably ought to be TKEY since this is what it is specifically =
designed for and not a DNSKEY but DNSKEY is so much simpler so I was =
just trying it on ...

> Secondly, I guess addressing TSIG here does not really make sense as =
you are
> not fully addressing security but you're planning to make the DNS =
update
> more efficient. So, I suggest that you only think about  making the =
Update
> more efficient and let other approaches like other RRs TSIG, cga-tsig =
secure
> your approach.=20

You've misunderstood why the TSIG key appears in this message.  I am =
investigating adding new functionality to UPDATE and part of that new =
functionality requires the transmission of a TSIG key as data inside the =
packet, for the receiver to use elsewhere.  This TSIG key is not used in =
this transaction.

Jay =20

--=20
Jay Daley
Chief Executive
.nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
desk: +64 4 931 6977
mobile: +64 21 678840
linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jaydaley


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In message <1333FFAC-06F8-4D09-B9F7-70D8830D2A9C@nzrs.net.nz>, Jay Daley writes
:
> And what would your solution be to signifying that a zone is to be
> deleted?  Without one we have to abandon extending UPDATE and burn an
> opcode.
>
> Jay

Add zone:
Zone: <zname> <class> NS
Update: <aname> <ttl> <class> SOA .....
	<rest of initial zone>
Additional:
master TXT [port=value] [A=value] [AAAA=value] [key=name[:alg:secret]] [name=name]
key TXT [key=name[:algorithm:secret]]
port TXT [port=value]
allow-transfer TXT <TBD>
allow-query TXT <TBD>
allow-update TXT <TBD>

Delete zone:
Zone: <zname> <class> NS
Update: <aname> <ttl> ANY SOA

The use of type NS in the zone section indicates that this is a whole of zone
operation.
 
Mark

> --
> Jay Daley
> Chief Executive
> .nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
> desk: +64 4 931 6977
> mobile: +64 21 678840
> linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jaydaley

-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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On Oct 16, 2013, at 6:31 PM, Jay Daley <jay@nzrs.net.nz> wrote:
> Yes it probably ought to be TKEY since this is what it is specifically =
designed for and not a DNSKEY but DNSKEY is so much simpler so I was =
just trying it on ...

You can use SIG(0) to authenticate DNS updates.   This relies on DNSKEY, =
and is indeed simple.


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In message <752957F6-BA00-4740-ABA3-969670E08D61@nominum.com>, Ted Lemon writes
:
> On Oct 16, 2013, at 6:31 PM, Jay Daley <jay@nzrs.net.nz> wrote:
> > Yes it probably ought to be TKEY since this is what it is specifically desi
> gned for and not a DNSKEY but DNSKEY is so much simpler so I was just trying 
> it on ...
> 
> You can use SIG(0) to authenticate DNS updates.   This relies on DNSKEY, and 
> is indeed simple.

No, it relies on KEY but I agree with you that it is simple.
 
> _______________________________________________
> dnsext mailing list
> dnsext@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsext
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

From jay@nzrs.net.nz  Wed Oct 16 17:46:47 2013
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On 17/10/2013, at 11:33 AM, Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org> wrote:

> Add zone:
> Zone: <zname> <class> NS
> Update: <aname> <ttl> <class> SOA .....
> 	<rest of initial zone>
> Additional:
> master TXT [port=3Dvalue] [A=3Dvalue] [AAAA=3Dvalue] =
[key=3Dname[:alg:secret]] [name=3Dname]
> key TXT [key=3Dname[:algorithm:secret]]
> port TXT [port=3Dvalue]
> allow-transfer TXT <TBD>
> allow-query TXT <TBD>
> allow-update TXT <TBD>

I sympathise with just how easy this would be, especially if the labels =
were prefixed with an underscore to prevent collisions, but I think this =
is a step too far given the variance in implementations and we should =
use NSCP instead.

>=20
> Delete zone:
> Zone: <zname> <class> NS
> Update: <aname> <ttl> ANY SOA

That's excellent thank you.

I'll put together a draft.

Jay

--=20
Jay Daley
Chief Executive
.nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
desk: +64 4 931 6977
mobile: +64 21 678840
linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jaydaley


From marka@isc.org  Wed Oct 16 18:38:06 2013
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Extending UPDATE to add/remove zones
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In message <5DEFA0E6-EFAC-4E40-BD01-FD56D542FA8D@nzrs.net.nz>, Jay Daley writes
:
> 
> On 17/10/2013, at 11:33 AM, Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org> wrote:
> 
> > Add zone:
> > Zone: <zname> <class> NS
> > Update: <aname> <ttl> <class> SOA .....
> > 	<rest of initial zone>
> > Additional:
> > master TXT [port=3Dvalue] [A=3Dvalue] [AAAA=3Dvalue] =
> [key=3Dname[:alg:secret]] [name=3Dname]
> > key TXT [key=3Dname[:algorithm:secret]]
> > port TXT [port=3Dvalue]
> > allow-transfer TXT <TBD>
> > allow-query TXT <TBD>
> > allow-update TXT <TBD>
> 
> I sympathise with just how easy this would be, especially if the labels =
> were prefixed with an underscore to prevent collisions, but I think this =
> is a step too far given the variance in implementations and we should =
> use NSCP instead.

Additional records don't get added to the zone.  They supplemental data just
like OPT TSIG SIG are supplemental data.  That said they could be defined
later.
 
> >=20
> > Delete zone:
> > Zone: <zname> <class> NS
> > Update: <zname> <ttl> ANY SOA
> 
> That's excellent thank you.
> 
> I'll put together a draft.
> 
> Jay
> 
> --=20
> Jay Daley
> Chief Executive
> .nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
> desk: +64 4 931 6977
> mobile: +64 21 678840
> linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jaydaley
> 
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Extending UPDATE to add/remove zones
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On Oct 16, 2013, at 6:33 PM, Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org> wrote:

>=20
> In message <1333FFAC-06F8-4D09-B9F7-70D8830D2A9C@nzrs.net.nz>, Jay =
Daley writes
> :
>> And what would your solution be to signifying that a zone is to be
>> deleted?  Without one we have to abandon extending UPDATE and burn an
>> opcode.
>>=20
>> Jay
>=20
> Add zone:
> Zone: <zname> <class> NS
> Update: <aname> <ttl> <class> SOA .....
> 	<rest of initial zone>
> Additional:
> master TXT [port=3Dvalue] [A=3Dvalue] [AAAA=3Dvalue] =
[key=3Dname[:alg:secret]] [name=3Dname]
> key TXT [key=3Dname[:algorithm:secret]]
> port TXT [port=3Dvalue]
> allow-transfer TXT <TBD>
> allow-query TXT <TBD>
> allow-update TXT <TBD>
>=20
> Delete zone:
> Zone: <zname> <class> NS
> Update: <aname> <ttl> ANY SOA
>=20
> The use of type NS in the zone section indicates that this is a whole =
of zone
> operation.
>=20
Mark  and Jay,=20

why not burn RRTYPES for these commands ?=20

To add a secondary (easier than primary)=20
<name> ADDZONE <class> <master server> <port> <keying>=20

To create a zone on primary
 <name> NEWZONE <class>  <zone_source>         (Zone source exampe : =
file:///var/tmp/newzone/name)=20
<name> ALLOW <transfer><port> <query> <update>   (This is like a TXT =
record but with structure in order and number of fields) =20
<name> GRANT <seeting up update rules>=20

(ALLOW can also be supplied to secondary)

To Remove a zone=20
<zone> DELZONE <class> <empty>=20

We can keep going=20
<zone> ADDFORWARD <forwarders list>=20

<zone> DELFORWARD [empty]=20
<zone> TAADD <new TA>=20
<zone> TADEL <old TA>    (Avoiding using the name "DELTA")


	Olafur



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In message <6642EDCF-DA2E-44B8-97F0-3B9208F170AA@ogud.com>, Olafur Gudmundsson 
writes:
>
> On Oct 16, 2013, at 6:33 PM, Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org> wrote:
>
> >
> > In message <1333FFAC-06F8-4D09-B9F7-70D8830D2A9C@nzrs.net.nz>, Jay
> Daley writes
> > :
> >> And what would your solution be to signifying that a zone is to be
> >> deleted?  Without one we have to abandon extending UPDATE and burn an
> >> opcode.
> >>
> >> Jay
> >
> > Add zone:
> > Zone: <zname> <class> NS
> > Update: <aname> <ttl> <class> SOA .....
> > 	<rest of initial zone>
> > Additional:
> > master TXT [port=value] [A=value] [AAAA=value] [key=name[:alg:secret]]
> [name=name]
> > key TXT [key=name[:algorithm:secret]]
> > port TXT [port=value]
> > allow-transfer TXT <TBD>
> > allow-query TXT <TBD>
> > allow-update TXT <TBD>
> >
> > Delete zone:
> > Zone: <zname> <class> NS
> > Update: <aname> <ttl> ANY SOA
> >
> > The use of type NS in the zone section indicates that this is a whole
> of zone
> > operation.
> >
> Mark  and Jay,
>
> why not burn RRTYPES for these commands ?
>
> To add a secondary (easier than primary)
> <name> ADDZONE <class> <master server> <port> <keying>
>
> To create a zone on primary
>  <name> NEWZONE <class>  <zone_source>         (Zone source exampe :
> file:///var/tmp/newzone/name)
> <name> ALLOW <transfer><port> <query> <update>   (This is like a TXT
> record but with structure in order and number of fields)
> <name> GRANT <seeting up update rules>
>
> (ALLOW can also be supplied to secondary)
>
> To Remove a zone
> <zone> DELZONE <class> <empty>
>
> We can keep going
> <zone> ADDFORWARD <forwarders list>
>
> <zone> DELFORWARD [empty]
> <zone> TAADD <new TA>
> <zone> TADEL <old TA>    (Avoiding using the name "DELTA")
>
> 	Olafur

I don't really care which way we go.  It is the concepts that I
want to nail down first.  We also want the scheme to be extensible.

Class could be used to signal the removal of a field which would
slow the burn rate.

Mark
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2013 10:28:42 +0530
From: Mukund Sivaraman <muks@isc.org>
To: Jay Daley <jay@nzrs.net.nz>
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On Wed, Oct 16, 2013 at 10:33:03PM +1300, Jay Daley wrote:
> 5.  If there is data in the Additional section then that signifies
> that the zones to be added are slaves.  The records here must be NS
> records that specify the masters for the zones to be added.  There can
> only be records here or in the Update section but not both as zones
> cannot be both masters and slaves.

Would glue be allowed here?

		Mukund

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Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2013 10:36:07 +0530
From: Mukund Sivaraman <muks@isc.org>
To: Jay Daley <jay@nzrs.net.nz>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Extending UPDATE to add/remove zones
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On Thu, Oct 17, 2013 at 10:28:42AM +0530, Mukund Sivaraman wrote:
> On Wed, Oct 16, 2013 at 10:33:03PM +1300, Jay Daley wrote:
> > 5.  If there is data in the Additional section then that signifies
> > that the zones to be added are slaves.  The records here must be NS
> > records that specify the masters for the zones to be added.  There can
> > only be records here or in the Update section but not both as zones
> > cannot be both masters and slaves.
>=20
> Would glue be allowed here?

I didn't see Mark's reply earlier, but something like that (to specify
the IP address, port, etc. of the master) would be needed.

		Mukund

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Extending UPDATE to add/remove zones Date: Thu, Oct 1=
7, 2013 at 12:17:44AM -0400 Quoting Olafur Gudmundsson (ogud@ogud.com):
>=20
> why not burn RRTYPES for these commands ?=20

Excellent idea. Nobody is going to request any new RRTYPEs anyway,
since TXT is good enough, so we've got loads of them to burn.

</tangential sarcasm>

I think it might work -- it is not as bad an idea as my sarcasm above might=
 depict it as.=20

OTOH, a part of me ponders the phrase "out of scope" and points to
https://github.com/kirei/dper or similar mechanisms.

I have not decided yet. But am a happy user of dper.=20

--=20
M=C3=A5ns Nilsson     primary/secondary/besserwisser/machina
MN-1334-RIPE                             +46 705 989668
TONY RANDALL!  Is YOUR life a PATIO of FUN??



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References: <B677F769-D8AF-4EC8-9C58-1116B840AA49@nzrs.net.nz> <sjmvc0xnn83.fsf@mocana.ihtfp.org> <0A7FCD00-56F0-480F-97BE-4978510534D0@nzrs.net.nz> <20131016204728.3116B848699@rock.dv.isc.org> <8275EE16-6026-4FAD-8CD6-702D4B018F81@nzrs.net.nz> <20131016210846.604B78489A9@rock.dv.isc.org> <1333FFAC-06F8-4D09-B9F7-70D8830D2A9C@nzrs.net.nz> <20131016223355.7F73A849421@rock.dv.isc.org> <6642EDCF-DA2E-44B8-97F0-3B9208F170AA@ogud.com> <20131017073550.GF29568@besserwisser.org>
Comments: In-reply-to =?utf-8?B?TcOlbnM=?= Nilsson <mansaxel@besserwisser.org> message dated "Thu, 17 Oct 2013 09:35:50 +0200."
Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2013 09:45:27 +0200
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Cc: "dnsext@ietf.org Group" <dnsext@ietf.org>, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Extending UPDATE to add/remove zones
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    OTOH, a part of me ponders the phrase "out of scope" and points to
    https://github.com/kirei/dper or similar mechanisms.
    
I'm not familiar with dper but I too wonder about the tendency to
turn DNS servers into a provision engine as well.

	jaap

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To: Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Extending UPDATE to add/remove zones
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On 17/10/2013, at 5:17 PM, Olafur Gudmundsson <ogud@ogud.com> wrote:

> Mark  and Jay,=20
>=20
> why not burn RRTYPES for these commands ?=20

Perhaps we should ask the Yadifa people to write up their overloading of =
RR types for in-band control as a draft to save us reinventing the =
wheel?

Jay


>=20
> To add a secondary (easier than primary)=20
> <name> ADDZONE <class> <master server> <port> <keying>=20
>=20
> To create a zone on primary
> <name> NEWZONE <class>  <zone_source>         (Zone source exampe : =
file:///var/tmp/newzone/name)=20
> <name> ALLOW <transfer><port> <query> <update>   (This is like a TXT =
record but with structure in order and number of fields) =20
> <name> GRANT <seeting up update rules>=20
>=20
> (ALLOW can also be supplied to secondary)
>=20
> To Remove a zone=20
> <zone> DELZONE <class> <empty>=20
>=20
> We can keep going=20
> <zone> ADDFORWARD <forwarders list>=20
>=20
> <zone> DELFORWARD [empty]=20
> <zone> TAADD <new TA>=20
> <zone> TADEL <old TA>    (Avoiding using the name "DELTA")
>=20
>=20
> 	Olafur
>=20
>=20


--=20
Jay Daley
Chief Executive
.nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
desk: +64 4 931 6977
mobile: +64 21 678840
linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jaydaley


From fanf2@hermes.cam.ac.uk  Thu Oct 17 03:01:01 2013
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From: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
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Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:
>
> Historically, DNS transactions over TCP only handle 1 query/answer.

Really? I was using persistent TCP connections back in the 1990s. They
work really nicely.

Note also that RFC 5966 says that servers MUST support TCP and support
multiple queries per connection. I think edns-tcp-keepalive should be
compatible with that requirement.

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
Forties, Cromarty: East, veering southeast, 4 or 5, occasionally 6 at first.
Rough, becoming slight or moderate. Showers, rain at first. Moderate or good,
occasionally poor at first.

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On 17/10/2013, at 5:58 PM, Mukund Sivaraman <muks@isc.org> wrote:

> On Wed, Oct 16, 2013 at 10:33:03PM +1300, Jay Daley wrote:
>> 5.  If there is data in the Additional section then that signifies
>> that the zones to be added are slaves.  The records here must be NS
>> records that specify the masters for the zones to be added.  There =
can
>> only be records here or in the Update section but not both as zones
>> cannot be both masters and slaves.
>=20
> Would glue be allowed here?

I see what you are getting at and I think that rather than NS + glue the =
records that must be here are either A or AAAA records that are the =
addresses of the servers to contact to pull the zone from.

Jay

>=20
> 		Mukund


--=20
Jay Daley
Chief Executive
.nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
desk: +64 4 931 6977
mobile: +64 21 678840
linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jaydaley


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Date: Thu, 17 Oct 2013 16:47:11 +0530
From: Mukund Sivaraman <muks@isc.org>
To: Jay Daley <jay@nzrs.net.nz>
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On Thu, Oct 17, 2013 at 11:34:06PM +1300, Jay Daley wrote:
>=20
> On 17/10/2013, at 5:58 PM, Mukund Sivaraman <muks@isc.org> wrote:
>=20
> > On Wed, Oct 16, 2013 at 10:33:03PM +1300, Jay Daley wrote:
> >> 5.  If there is data in the Additional section then that signifies
> >> that the zones to be added are slaves.  The records here must be NS
> >> records that specify the masters for the zones to be added.  There can
> >> only be records here or in the Update section but not both as zones
> >> cannot be both masters and slaves.
> >=20
> > Would glue be allowed here?
>=20
> I see what you are getting at and I think that rather than NS + glue
> the records that must be here are either A or AAAA records that are
> the addresses of the servers to contact to pull the zone from.

One more thing:

RFC 1035 calls for durable storage of zone data. This is not a strict
requirement for configured secondaries if you consider that a secondary
can AXFR data from scratch during startup and store it in volatile
memory. There are no updates to zone data made at secondaries -
transfers not being considered as updates to data.

So far, the "catalog" (RFC 1035) is a part of the secondary
implementation's static configuration. The secondary can run without
writing to durable storage.

The case where a secondary crashes, loses its dynamic configuration
should be addressed. Is an admin expected to reconfigure the secondary
on startup each time? Is the secondary expected to save the updated
catalog to durable storage? (The latter may not be agreeable to
everyone, so support for both should be considered.)

		Mukund

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From: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>
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To: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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On 2013-10-17, at 06:00, Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> wrote:

> Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:
>>=20
>> Historically, DNS transactions over TCP only handle 1 query/answer.
>=20
> Really? I was using persistent TCP connections back in the 1990s. They
> work really nicely.

I think the problem is not necessarily that serious authority server =
implementations don't implement TCP; the problem is more that TCP =
support is provided as a fallback mechanism with short server-side =
timeouts and a small capacity for active sessions, and TCP from clients =
is generally treated as the exception rather than the rule (we hope =
they'll use it if we set TC=3D1, but otherwise we don't really expect =
it).

The goal of this option is to define a signalling mechanism whereby a =
client and server can both be confident that the other side has set =
these expectations aside, and instead might well prefer to do TCP over =
UDP. This has implications for both the server and the client with =
respect to the assumptions in the previous paragraph, the most obvious =
of which is for a server to reign in any aggressive =
close-after-response.

The protocol elements in this -00 could surely use improvement. However, =
the basic idea, as described above, is necessary if we want to find a =
way to use pools of TCP connections between busy endpoints as an =
alternative to the usual source-spoofed UDP spray.

> Note also that RFC 5966 says that servers MUST support TCP and support
> multiple queries per connection. I think edns-tcp-keepalive should be
> compatible with that requirement.

No argument there.


Joe


From ajs@anvilwalrusden.com  Thu Oct 17 06:00:53 2013
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From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@anvilwalrusden.com>
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References: <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310151621000.5978@bofh.nohats.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310161054300.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310161055540.5671@bofh.nohats.ca>
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On Wed, Oct 16, 2013 at 11:05:37AM -0400, Paul Wouters wrote:
> it has become in practise. Joe and I therefor thought it would be best
> to leave that existing deployment as-is, and use a new option to clearly
> unambiguously indicate that yes we will actually allow more than one
> query and actively encourage it. That was our number one goal.

I very strongly agree with this, and I like the overall approach this
document takes.  

The problem with the STD13 specification is that neither side of the
connection has any guidance as to how the other side will behave.  The
most prudent thing to do in that case is to use a connection one time
and then tear down as soon as possible, even though that's not by any
means the best thing for either side.

This option gives a way for both sides to co-ordinate their behaviour;
it's a good example of the sort of interoperability enhancement that
we should like to see.  It provides an incentive to keep connections
up.  Clever implementations could even use different timeouts for
different connections, based in part on things like recent rate of
queries, the reputation of the connecting IP, and so on.

I thank Paul and Joe for writing this up.  I think it's something we need.

Best,

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@anvilwalrusden.com

From tale@dd.org  Thu Oct 17 06:51:44 2013
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Paul Wouters writes:
> But unless I hear more people who would favour making the new option
> more "optional" I think we should stick to this more clear cut of
> the undefined past behaviour.

Just for the record, to balance out any comments for changing course,
I support this approach.  I do not speak for my employer, but I expect
that we would implement it in our nameserver.

From fanf2@hermes.cam.ac.uk  Thu Oct 17 10:16:45 2013
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Dave Lawrence <tale@dd.org> wrote:
> Paul Wouters writes:
> > But unless I hear more people who would favour making the new option
> > more "optional" I think we should stick to this more clear cut of
> > the undefined past behaviour.
>
> Just for the record, to balance out any comments for changing course,
> I support this approach.

I am worried that this will make edns-tcp-keepalive clients perform
unnecessarily badly when talking to RFC 5966 servers, so developers are
going to have to add a configuration switch to make the client do
persistent TCP even in the absence of edns-tcp-keepalive. This is ugly: it
should be handled automatically by the protocol not by system integrators
debugging performance problems.

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
Forties, Cromarty: East, veering southeast, 4 or 5, occasionally 6 at first.
Rough, becoming slight or moderate. Showers, rain at first. Moderate or good,
occasionally poor at first.

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From: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>
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To: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
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On 2013-10-17, at 13:16, Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> wrote:

> I am worried that this will make edns-tcp-keepalive clients perform
> unnecessarily badly when talking to RFC 5966 servers,

could you explain how?


Joe


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To: Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca>
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
References: <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310151621000.5978@bofh.nohats.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310161054300.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310161055540.5671@bofh.nohats.ca> <21087.60263.989338.253036@gro.dd.org> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310171808090.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <516321C1-1988-4946-A524-B2529752726F@hopcount.ca>
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 17 Oct 2013 13:30:17 -0400." <516321C1-1988-4946-A524-B2529752726F@hopcount.ca>
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In message <516321C1-1988-4946-A524-B2529752726F@hopcount.ca>, Joe Abley writes
:
> 
> On 2013-10-17, at 13:16, Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> wrote:
> 
> > I am worried that this will make edns-tcp-keepalive clients perform
> > unnecessarily badly when talking to RFC 5966 servers,
> 
> could you explain how?

Yes please explain.

For DNSSEC you just send the requests then look for the responses.
You can even send the multiple requests in one write operation.
Even a RFC 5966 server which has the timers turned down to a couple
of seconds will see the multiple requests.  RFC 5966 servers are
still expected to handle multiple requests over a single TCP
connection.

RFC 5966 changes RFC 1035 by dropping the "two minutes" down to
"a couple of seconds".

Several connection management policies are recommended:

   - The server should not block other activities waiting for TCP
     data.

   - The server should support multiple connections.

   - The server should assume that the client will initiate
     connection closing, and should delay closing its end of the
     connection until all outstanding client requests have been
     satisfied.

   - If the server needs to close a dormant connection to reclaim
     resources, it should wait until the connection has been idle
     for a period on the order of two minutes.  In particular, the
     server should allow the SOA and AXFR request sequence (which
     begins a refresh operation) to be made on a single connection.
     Since the server would be unable to answer queries anyway, a
     unilateral close or reset may be used instead of a graceful
     close.

No where does RFC 5966 say "read a single request then close the socket".
No where does RFC 1035 say "read a single request then close the socket".
No where does RFC 5966 say "read a single request then close the socket
			    unless it is a SOA query".
No where does RFC 1035 say "read a single request then close the socket
			    unless it is a SOA query".

Nameservers that "read a single request then close the socket" with
or without "unless it is a SOA query" are not following RFC 1035.
The forth recommendation is about choosing which socket to close
if you are FORCED to close a socket.  It is not a invitation to
always close the socket if the first request is not a SOA request.

Now I am not saying that telling the server that you intend to send
more requests over this socket is a bad thing but it shouldn't be
necessary to be able to pipeline multiple DNSSEC requests over a
single socket.

A nameserver that does not attempt to read a second request on a
TCP socket is *broken*.  If you are the vendor of such a product
fix it and issue a update notice.

Mark

> Joe
> 
> _______________________________________________
> dnsext mailing list
> dnsext@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsext

-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

From paul@nohats.ca  Thu Oct 17 17:17:57 2013
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From: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
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Cc: DNSEXT Group Working <dnsext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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On Fri, 18 Oct 2013, Mark Andrews wrote:

> A nameserver that does not attempt to read a second request on a
> TCP socket is *broken*.  If you are the vendor of such a product
> fix it and issue a update notice.

Do you still see value in the edns-tcp-keepalive and timeout value,
or do you think dns clients can already assume they can sent multiple
queries and keep the tcp connection open for a reasonably time as per
RFC 5966?

Is there any measurement data out there to see how well multiple queries
over TCP works?

Paul


From marka@isc.org  Thu Oct 17 17:58:05 2013
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References: <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310151621000.5978@bofh.nohats.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310161054300.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310161055540.5671@bofh.nohats.ca> <21087.60263.989338.253036@gro.dd.org> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310171808090.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <516321C1-1988-4946-A524-B2529752726F@hopcount.ca> <20131017223956.1D34B8529A2@rock.dv.isc.org> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310172012550.27671@bofh.nohats.ca>
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 17 Oct 2013 20:17:45 -0400." <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310172012550.27671@bofh.nohats.ca>
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In message <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310172012550.27671@bofh.nohats.ca>, Paul Wouters w
rites:
> On Fri, 18 Oct 2013, Mark Andrews wrote:
> 
> > A nameserver that does not attempt to read a second request on a
> > TCP socket is *broken*.  If you are the vendor of such a product
> > fix it and issue a update notice.
> 
> Do you still see value in the edns-tcp-keepalive and timeout value,
> or do you think dns clients can already assume they can sent multiple
> queries and keep the tcp connection open for a reasonably time as per
> RFC 5966?

It will either work (the server is conformant and not over loaded)
or it won't (the server is over loaded or broken).  Sending multiple
queries over TCP is a optimisation.

If there is more than one broken vendor then writing a RFC saying
this is a common problem may be useful.

> Is there any measurement data out there to see how well multiple queries
> over TCP works?
> 
> Paul
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca> wrote:
> On 2013-10-17, at 13:16, Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> wrote:
>
> > I am worried that this will make edns-tcp-keepalive clients perform
> > unnecessarily badly when talking to RFC 5966 servers,
>
> could you explain how?

An RFC 5966 server supports persistent TCP but does not advertise this
fact. An edns-tcp-keepalive client interprets this lack of advertisement
as lack of support, so it will send only one query per TCP connection.
This increases latency and means it can't make concurrent queries over TCP
without multiple TCP connections, and for high query volumes it risks port
exhaustion from all the FIN-WAIT-2 states. If you run the client in RFC
5966 mode then it will try persistent TCP regardless of what the server
says and avoid these problems.

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
Forties, Cromarty: East, veering southeast, 4 or 5, occasionally 6 at first.
Rough, becoming slight or moderate. Showers, rain at first. Moderate or good,
occasionally poor at first.

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On 18 Oct 2013, at 11:40, Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> wrote:

> An RFC 5966 server supports persistent TCP but does not advertise this
> fact.

It shouldn't have to - every DNS server should already support persistent T=
CP.  Mostly, all that 5966 did was clarify the requirements to support TCP =
*at all* and drop the minimum idle time.

The use of an individual TCP session per query is client habit, and in no w=
ay mandated by anything in the earlier DNS documents.

Ray



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On 2013-10-18, at 06:40, Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> wrote:

> Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca> wrote:
>> On 2013-10-17, at 13:16, Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> wrote:
>>=20
>>> I am worried that this will make edns-tcp-keepalive clients perform
>>> unnecessarily badly when talking to RFC 5966 servers,
>>=20
>> could you explain how?
>=20
> An RFC 5966 server supports persistent TCP but does not advertise this
> fact.

I think we all agree on this.

> An edns-tcp-keepalive client interprets this lack of advertisement
> as lack of support, so it will send only one query per TCP connection.

What we're trying to optimise is

(a) the ability for a server to manage a finite resource (a TCP =
connection pool) in a way that is most likely to result in those sockets =
being well-used;

(b) the ability for a client who desires multiple exchanges over the =
same TCP socket to know what the timeout on the server is, so that it =
knows when to fall back to UDP.

In the case of a busy resolver (Google, OpenDNS, Comcast, whatever) =
sending regular and frequent queries to a busy server (one of the CO.UK =
servers, say) perhaps the "few seconds" timeout on the server is not an =
issue. But if the server has the resources to keep a TCP socket open to =
receive 0.3 queries per second from a particular resolver, the ability =
to use this signalling to extend the timeout on the server side allows =
multiple exchanges where normal behaviour (absent signalling) would not.

In the case of a mobile device sending less frequent queries to a =
resolver, the default TCP timeout on the server might well be a problem. =
A busy resolver might not be able to spare the resources to keep the =
socket open for such a client today, but the idea here is to think ahead =
to a world where TCP is not the exception to the rule and perhaps some =
of the scaling techniques used by web servers that can support orders of =
magnitude more concurrent TCP connections than most DNS servers do =
today.

Keeping the socket open on the server for a relatively low query rate =
from a resolver avoids the overhead of closing and reopening a TCP =
socket, and provides source address validation of the client, protecting =
it from collateral damage that might result from (e.g.) RRL.

I think the potential advantages are non-imaginary.

> This increases latency and means it can't make concurrent queries over =
TCP
> without multiple TCP connections, and for high query volumes it risks =
port
> exhaustion from all the FIN-WAIT-2 states. If you run the client in =
RFC
> 5966 mode then it will try persistent TCP regardless of what the =
server
> says and avoid these problems.

So the key observation here, if I'm reading it correctly, is that =
clients might reasonably try to re-use an open socket even if the =
edns-tcp-keepalive option is not present, anticipating a short (but not =
impossible) timeout on the server side.


Joe=

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References: <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310151621000.5978@bofh.nohats.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310161054300.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310161055540.5671@bofh.nohats.ca> <21087.60263.989338.253036@gro.dd.org> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310171808090.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <516321C1-1988-4946-A524-B2529752726F@hopcount.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310181129500.8147@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk>
Cc: DNSEXT Group Working <dnsext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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Tony Finch writes:
> Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca> wrote:
> > On 2013-10-17, at 13:16, Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> wrote:
> > > I am worried that this will make edns-tcp-keepalive clients perform
> > > unnecessarily badly when talking to RFC 5966 servers,
> >
> > could you explain how?
> 
> An RFC 5966 server supports persistent TCP but does not advertise this
> fact. An edns-tcp-keepalive client interprets this lack of advertisement
> as lack of support, so it will send only one query per TCP connection.

So your concern is about as-yet-unwritten software being written
badly?

This can't be reasonably addressed by references in the proposed RFC
along the lines of "The DNS standard has always been to support
multiple requests over TCP (ref: 1035 and 5966), therefore a client
that does not receive the keepalive option from the server SHOULD
assume that multiple requests are supported until demonstrated
otherwise."

People will still write bad software, but it's not like they weren't
informed.

From paul@nohats.ca  Fri Oct 18 06:28:23 2013
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Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2013 09:27:45 -0400 (EDT)
From: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
To: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
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Cc: DNSEXT Group Working <dnsext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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On Fri, 18 Oct 2013, Tony Finch wrote:

>>> I am worried that this will make edns-tcp-keepalive clients perform
>>> unnecessarily badly when talking to RFC 5966 servers,
>>
>> could you explain how?
>
> An RFC 5966 server supports persistent TCP but does not advertise this
> fact.

I hope to have some measurements done in time for Vancouver to see what
the percentage of queries/servers is where this is a problem. That could
help assess whether or not we still need a special indication via edns
or not.

Paul

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To: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
References: <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310151621000.5978@bofh.nohats.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310161054300.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310161055540.5671@bofh.nohats.ca> <21087.60263.989338.253036@gro.dd.org> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310171808090.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <516321C1-1988-4946-A524-B2529752726F@hopcount.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310181129500.8147@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310180926340.27671@bofh.nohats.ca>
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 18 Oct 2013 09:27:45 -0400." <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310180926340.27671@bofh.nohats.ca>
Date: Sat, 19 Oct 2013 01:11:43 +1100
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Cc: DNSEXT Group Working <dnsext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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In message <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310180926340.27671@bofh.nohats.ca>, Paul Wouters w
rites:
> On Fri, 18 Oct 2013, Tony Finch wrote:
> 
> >>> I am worried that this will make edns-tcp-keepalive clients perform
> >>> unnecessarily badly when talking to RFC 5966 servers,
> >>
> >> could you explain how?
> >
> > An RFC 5966 server supports persistent TCP but does not advertise this
> > fact.
> 
> I hope to have some measurements done in time for Vancouver to see what
> the percentage of queries/servers is where this is a problem. That could
> help assess whether or not we still need a special indication via edns
> or not.

Why?  Clients should be able to handle the connection being closed
unexpectedly and retry any uncompleted queries.

> Paul
> _______________________________________________
> dnsext mailing list
> dnsext@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsext
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

From paul@nohats.ca  Fri Oct 18 07:22:04 2013
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Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2013 10:21:54 -0400 (EDT)
From: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
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Cc: DNSEXT Group Working <dnsext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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On Sat, 19 Oct 2013, Mark Andrews wrote:

>>> An RFC 5966 server supports persistent TCP but does not advertise this
>>> fact.
>>
>> I hope to have some measurements done in time for Vancouver to see what
>> the percentage of queries/servers is where this is a problem. That could
>> help assess whether or not we still need a special indication via edns
>> or not.
>
> Why?  Clients should be able to handle the connection being closed
> unexpectedly and retry any uncompleted queries.

I'm trying to reduce dns(sec) latency, not adding more repeating tcp
failures. If it turns out that most obtained DNS resolvers are useless
for TCP than there is a need to give a clear indication to a client
that a resolver does work well.

The question is how pervasive are rfc 5966 compliant resolvers out
there, and whether there is a need to advertise those who are.

Paul

From Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk  Fri Oct 18 07:31:59 2013
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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On 18 Oct 2013, at 15:21, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:

> The question is how pervasive are rfc 5966 compliant resolvers out
> there, and whether there is a need to advertise those who are.

As the author of RFC 5966, I'm confused by your use of "5966 compliant".

AFAICR (and assuming a server that already supports TCP) the only significa=
nt normative change in RFC 5966 was the recommendation to drop the idle tim=
eout from two minutes down to being "of the order of seconds".

Everything else was just clarification of stuff from previous RFCs that mos=
t people took as read, but wasn't necessarily written down as clearly as it=
 might have been.

Any enterprise grade DNS server that does already support TCP should handle=
 multiple queries over the same socket without complaint.

kind regards,

Ray


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Date: Fri, 18 Oct 2013 18:05:35 +0100
From: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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Dave Lawrence <tale@dd.org> wrote:
> Tony Finch writes:
> >
> > An RFC 5966 server supports persistent TCP but does not advertise this
> > fact. An edns-tcp-keepalive client interprets this lack of advertisement
> > as lack of support, so it will send only one query per TCP connection.
>
> So your concern is about as-yet-unwritten software being written
> badly?

No, the above is what edns-tcp-keepalive specifies. It says:

                 The DNS server MAY omit including the edns-tcp-
   keepalive option if it deems its local resources are too low to
   service more TCP keepalive sessions.

So a correctly written client that follows this spec will interpret the
absence of the option as lack of support for persistent TCP.

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
Forties, Cromarty: East, veering southeast, 4 or 5, occasionally 6 at first.
Rough, becoming slight or moderate. Showers, rain at first. Moderate or good,
occasionally poor at first.

From tim.wicinski@teamaol.com  Fri Oct 18 10:14:48 2013
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Extending UPDATE to add/remove zones
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While this is discussed in dnsext, but there is a lot of good discussion 
on this, I wonder if we should carve out some time during DNSOP to 
discuss this?

tim


On 10/16/13 5:33 AM, Jay Daley wrote:
>  From my previous post on my draft for a new DNS opcode - servezones - I think there is reasonable interest in an in-band mechanism that instructs a nameserver to etiher start or stop serving one or more zones.  The area with less certainty is what that mechanism should be, a new Opcode (but it's only a 4 bit space!) or extending UPDATE.
>
> I'm planing to write a draft that shows how UPDATE could be extended to do this and then we can compare that with my servezones draft and see which is preferred.  To do that I'd like some help in determining the algorithm for how the extended UPDATE is processed.
>
> Here's my starter for 10.
>
> 1.  A new EDNS option code is assigned that changes the behaviour of the UPDATE as follows (alternatively this could be signalled with a ZTYPE different from SOA)
>
> 2.  The ZONE section specifies the zones to be added/removed.  There can be any number of zones listed here to add or remove.  For each zone, if the CLASS is ANY then the zone is to be removed, whereas if it is ANY then the zone is to be added.  This use of CLASS corresponds to the way that it is used to determine if an rrset should be added or removed in the current UPDATE message.
>
> 3.  The pre-requisite section is ignored.
>
> 4.  The Update section can only contain Adds and only when zones are to be added.  If any records are specified here then that means that the zones to be added are masters and these records are all added to those zones before serving begin.   None of these records may be fully qualified so as to ensure that they apply to all the zones listed.  One of these records must be a SOA record with an empty name, which will be replaced with the zone name
>
> 5.  If there is data in the Additional section then that signifies that the zones to be added are slaves.   The records here must be NS records that specify the masters for the zones to be added.  There can only be records here or in the Update section but not both as zones cannot be both masters and slaves.
>
> Is that it? Anything need changing?
>
>
> BTW we could extend this just a little bit more:
>
> 6.  If there is a DNSKEY record in the Additional section then this specifies a TSIG key that this server should use for pulling the zone.  The name for the DNSKEY record is the name of the key as used by TSIG.  This DNSKEY is not added into the zone.
>
>
> Jay
>


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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Joe Abley <jabley@hopcount.ca> wrote:
>
> So the key observation here, if I'm reading it correctly, is that
> clients might reasonably try to re-use an open socket even if the
> edns-tcp-keepalive option is not present, anticipating a short (but not
> impossible) timeout on the server side.

Right.

There are (basically) three kinds of server:

Working edns-tcp-keepalive servers support persistent TCP and advertise
this fact. RFC 5966 clients and edns-tcp-keepalive clients will both use
persistent TCP connections and everyone is happy.

Working RFC 5966 servers support persistent TCP but do not advertise this.
RFC 5966 clients will use persistent TCP connections, but
edns-tcp-keepalive clients will think the server is in overload and will
not use persistent TCP even though they could. Sadface.

Broken servers may or may not advertise support for persistent TCP. An
edns-tcp-keepalive server may be broken because there is a nasty middlebox
in the way, or perhaps it got overloaded without being able to signal this
to the client. So clients have to detect broken servers based on their
ability to keep a TCP connection open to the server, and in any case they
have to be able to recover gracefully from an abruptly closed connection.
I'm a bit doubtful that there is any benefit in an explicit "I'm broken"
signal from the server using the edns-tcp-keepalive option.

I like the aims of the draft and I think it is useful for the server to be
able to say to the client, please use TCP, and please close idle
connections within N seconds. But the current version is a wee bit buggy.

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
Forties, Cromarty: East, veering southeast, 4 or 5, occasionally 6 at first.
Rough, becoming slight or moderate. Showers, rain at first. Moderate or good,
occasionally poor at first.

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References: <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310151621000.5978@bofh.nohats.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310161054300.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310161055540.5671@bofh.nohats.ca> <21087.60263.989338.253036@gro.dd.org> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310171808090.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <516321C1-1988-4946-A524-B2529752726F@hopcount.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310181129500.8147@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <4AF34D3B-CB94-417A-BE05-4021C68AA5CC@hopcount.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310181812290.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk>
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On 2013-10-18, at 13:36, Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> wrote:

> I like the aims of the draft and I think it is useful for the server to be
> able to say to the client, please use TCP, and please close idle
> connections within N seconds. But the current version is a wee bit buggy.

Absolutely. It's a 00. Your bug reports are helpful!


Joe

From ajs@anvilwalrusden.com  Fri Oct 18 10:51:09 2013
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On Fri, Oct 18, 2013 at 01:14:38PM -0400, Tim Wicinski wrote:
> 
> While this is discussed in dnsext, but there is a lot of good
> discussion on this, I wonder if we should carve out some time during
> DNSOP to discuss this?

Well, you certainly couldn't discuss it in the meeting of DNSEXT :)

My personal opinion is that DNS is an application, and that if you
want to make improvements to that application, the right WG to go to
is APPSAWG.  I'm aware that I'm sometimes regarded as an eccentric for
this view.

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@anvilwalrusden.com

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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At Tue, 15 Oct 2013 16:21:34 -0400 (EDT),
Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:

> As discussed, I separated the EDNS TCP keep-alive option from the EDNS
> chain-query document, and Joe Abley kindly offered his assistance in
> (re)writing this document.

I have some comments on the draft.  I've noticed some of them were
covered in the followup discussion in this thread, but I thought it's
more handy to summarize mine in a single message.

Overall, the motivation and approach of the proposal seem to make
sense to me.  I have some comments and questions on details.

- The definition of "timeout" isn't clear to me.  In Section 3.1 it
  only states "a timeout value for the TCP connection".  Section 3.3.2
  explains it as: "the TIMEOUT value that is currently associated with
  the TCP session", which is not really clear to me.  Is that the
  (maximum) duration while the server is waiting for more DNS messages
  from the client (and it would close the connection if there's no
  message during the period)?  Maybe this is obvious for some, but I
  think it's helpful to define it more clearly and specifically.

- In Abstract, it says: "However, clients are currently limited in
  their use of the TCP transport as most implementations limit the TCP
  session to a single DNS query and answer".  Does this
  "implementations" mean clients or servers?  According to the general
  sense of the draft, I guess it means servers, but it's not super
  clear.

  If it means servers, is this true?  And, whether or not it is, I
  think what should matter more is what the deployed servers instances
  do, rather than how many implementations do this out of all existing
  implementations that would include many non-compliant ones.  In that
  sense, IIRC ISC BIND 9, which I believe is still the majority in
  terms of deployment base, supports multiple queries/responses on a
  single TCP connection.

- In my understanding of the draft, clients and servers send this
  option independently, and, in particular, the server may or may not
  send it whether or not the client includes it in the request.  (That
  is, unlike (e.g.) NSID, including this option in a request doesn't
  mean the client requests the server to include it in the response).
  Is this correct?  Maybe obvious, but I think it's helpful to clarify
  that more explicitly.

- I don't understand this part of Section 4:

   The edns-tcp-keep-alive option can potentially be abused to request
   large numbers of sessions in a quick burst.

  Could you (or the next version of the draft) be more specific about
  it?

--
JINMEI, Tatuya

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At Wed, 16 Oct 2013 11:05:37 -0400 (EDT),
Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:

> We will look at your proposed changes, especially the security section
> ones, and merge in what seems appropriate. But unless I hear more people
> who would favour making the new option more "optional" I think we should
> stick to this more clear cut of the undefined past behaviour.

I'm not really sure what 'more "optiona"' specifically means here, but
I think it makes sense to introduce a "timeout" value indicating the
server will close the connection immediately.

--
JINMEI, Tatuya

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On Fri, 18 Oct 2013, $B?@L@C#:H(J wrote:

> I have some comments on the draft.  I've noticed some of them were
> covered in the followup discussion in this thread, but I thought it's
> more handy to summarize mine in a single message.

Thanks for your feedback,

> Overall, the motivation and approach of the proposal seem to make
> sense to me.  I have some comments and questions on details.
>
> - The definition of "timeout" isn't clear to me.  In Section 3.1 it
>  only states "a timeout value for the TCP connection".  Section 3.3.2
>  explains it as: "the TIMEOUT value that is currently associated with
>  the TCP session", which is not really clear to me.  Is that the
>  (maximum) duration while the server is waiting for more DNS messages
>  from the client (and it would close the connection if there's no
>  message during the period)?  Maybe this is obvious for some, but I
>  think it's helpful to define it more clearly and specifically.

We will clarify. What was meant was the timeout value for idle TCP
sessions. servers can use this if they are behind a load balancer which
terminates these connections irrespective of the DNS software
implementation.

> - In Abstract, it says: "However, clients are currently limited in
>  their use of the TCP transport as most implementations limit the TCP
>  session to a single DNS query and answer".  Does this
>  "implementations" mean clients or servers?  According to the general
>  sense of the draft, I guess it means servers, but it's not super
>  clear.

What is a client? If you mean gethostbyname() or getaddrinfo(), those
functions don't really have an API to support more then one query. So
a client in this context is a recursive resolver acting as a forwarder.

>  If it means servers, is this true?  And, whether or not it is, I
>  think what should matter more is what the deployed servers instances
>  do, rather than how many implementations do this out of all existing
>  implementations that would include many non-compliant ones.  In that
>  sense, IIRC ISC BIND 9, which I believe is still the majority in
>  terms of deployment base, supports multiple queries/responses on a
>  single TCP connection.

That's good to know.

> - In my understanding of the draft, clients and servers send this
>  option independently, and, in particular, the server may or may not
>  send it whether or not the client includes it in the request.

no, the server never sends the option to the client if they client did
not ask for it. I see that is unclear in 3.3.2 and will fix the text.

> - I don't understand this part of Section 4:
>
>   The edns-tcp-keep-alive option can potentially be abused to request
>   large numbers of sessions in a quick burst.
>
>  Could you (or the next version of the draft) be more specific about
>  it?

Will do.

What we meant was the client could "stuff" the tcp pipe with query after
query without waiting for any answers with the sole purpose to make the
upstream resolver work really hard and use up all its resources.

This becomes more important if combined with edns-tcp-chain-query

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-01

Paul

From marka@isc.org  Fri Oct 18 13:44:54 2013
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References: <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310151621000.5978@bofh.nohats.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310161054300.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310161055540.5671@bofh.nohats.ca> <21087.60263.989338.253036@gro.dd.org> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310171808090.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <516321C1-1988-4946-A524-B2529752726F@hopcount.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310181129500.8147@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310180926340.27671@bofh.nohats.ca> <20131018141143.344FD85CD4D@rock.dv.isc.org> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310181018480.27671@bofh.nohats.ca>
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 18 Oct 2013 10:21:54 -0400." <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310181018480.27671@bofh.nohats.ca>
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In message <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310181018480.27671@bofh.nohats.ca>, Paul Wouters w
rites:
> On Sat, 19 Oct 2013, Mark Andrews wrote:
> 
> >>> An RFC 5966 server supports persistent TCP but does not advertise this
> >>> fact.
> >>
> >> I hope to have some measurements done in time for Vancouver to see what
> >> the percentage of queries/servers is where this is a problem. That could
> >> help assess whether or not we still need a special indication via edns
> >> or not.
> >
> > Why?  Clients should be able to handle the connection being closed
> > unexpectedly and retry any uncompleted queries.
> 
> I'm trying to reduce dns(sec) latency, not adding more repeating tcp
> failures. If it turns out that most obtained DNS resolvers are useless
> for TCP than there is a need to give a clear indication to a client
> that a resolver does work well.
> 
> The question is how pervasive are rfc 5966 compliant resolvers out
> there, and whether there is a need to advertise those who are.
> 
> Paul

All DNS servers should already handle multiple questions over a TCP
socket.  This is *basic* RFC 1035.  Just send the queries and deal
with the fact that you may have broken servers. 

Adding a new option often the worst thing you can do to fix a failure
to follow specification.  It is definitely not needed to fix this
problem.

Just write a RFC with a title like "Common DNS server errors in
handling queries over TCP" which points out that DNS servers are
expected to handle multiple queries over TCP.  Then a user has a
second clue bat to go beat the vendor over the head with.

Mark
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
References: <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310151621000.5978@bofh.nohats.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310161054300.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310161055540.5671@bofh.nohats.ca> <21087.60263.989338.253036@gro.dd.org> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310171808090.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <516321C1-1988-4946-A524-B2529752726F@hopcount.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310181129500.8147@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310180926340.27671@bofh.nohats.ca> <20131018141143.344FD85CD4D@rock.dv.isc.org> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310181018480.27671@bofh.nohats.ca> <20131018204432.EA89085D2D8@rock.dv.isc.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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In message <20131018204432.EA89085D2D8@rock.dv.isc.org>, Mark Andrews writes:
> 
> In message <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310181018480.27671@bofh.nohats.ca>, Paul Wouters
>  w
> rites:
> > On Sat, 19 Oct 2013, Mark Andrews wrote:
> > 
> > >>> An RFC 5966 server supports persistent TCP but does not advertise this
> > >>> fact.
> > >>
> > >> I hope to have some measurements done in time for Vancouver to see what
> > >> the percentage of queries/servers is where this is a problem. That could
> > >> help assess whether or not we still need a special indication via edns
> > >> or not.
> > >
> > > Why?  Clients should be able to handle the connection being closed
> > > unexpectedly and retry any uncompleted queries.
> > 
> > I'm trying to reduce dns(sec) latency, not adding more repeating tcp
> > failures. If it turns out that most obtained DNS resolvers are useless
> > for TCP than there is a need to give a clear indication to a client
> > that a resolver does work well.
> > 
> > The question is how pervasive are rfc 5966 compliant resolvers out
> > there, and whether there is a need to advertise those who are.
> > 
> > Paul
> 
> All DNS servers should already handle multiple questions over a TCP
> socket.  This is *basic* RFC 1035.  Just send the queries and deal
> with the fact that you may have broken servers. 
> 
> Adding a new option often the worst thing you can do to fix a failure
> to follow specification.  It is definitely not needed to fix this
> problem.
> 
> Just write a RFC with a title like "Common DNS server errors in
> handling queries over TCP" which points out that DNS servers are
> expected to handle multiple queries over TCP.  Then a user has a
> second clue bat to go beat the vendor over the head with.
> 
> Mark
> -- 
> Mark Andrews, ISC
> 1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
> PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org
> _______________________________________________
> dnsext mailing list
> dnsext@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsext

Just so you can have a something to test with I hacked dig to keep
the tcp socket open.  It needs more work to be production quality.

	dig @server +tcp -f querylist

Now I know named handles multiple queries over a socket.
Perhaps others can report what works for them.

Mark

diff --git a/bin/dig/dighost.c b/bin/dig/dighost.c
index 79b11d0..a10742a 100644
--- a/bin/dig/dighost.c
+++ b/bin/dig/dighost.c
@@ -120,7 +120,8 @@ isc_boolean_t
 	usesearch = ISC_FALSE,
 	showsearch = ISC_FALSE,
 	qr = ISC_FALSE,
-	is_dst_up = ISC_FALSE;
+	is_dst_up = ISC_FALSE,
+	keep_open = ISC_TRUE;
 in_port_t port = 53;
 unsigned int timeout = 0;
 unsigned int extrabytes;
@@ -151,6 +152,8 @@ static void		idn_check_result(idn_result_t r, const char *msg);
 int  idnoptions	= 0;
 #endif
 
+isc_socket_t *keep = NULL;
+
 /*%
  * Exit Codes:
  *
@@ -2339,6 +2342,16 @@ send_tcp_connect(dig_query_t *query) {
 	}
 
 	INSIST(query->sock == NULL);
+
+	if (keep != NULL) {
+fprintf(stderr, "REUSING socket\n");
+		sockcount++;
+		isc_socket_attach(keep, &query->sock);
+		query->waiting_connect = ISC_FALSE;
+		launch_next_query(query, ISC_TRUE);
+		goto search;
+	}
+	
 	result = isc_socket_create(socketmgr,
 				   isc_sockaddr_pf(&query->sockaddr),
 				   isc_sockettype_tcp, &query->sock);
@@ -2361,6 +2374,7 @@ send_tcp_connect(dig_query_t *query) {
 	result = isc_socket_connect(query->sock, &query->sockaddr,
 				    global_task, connect_done, query);
 	check_result(result, "isc_socket_connect");
+ search:
 	/*
 	 * If we're at the endgame of a nameserver search, we need to
 	 * immediately bring up all the queries.  Do it here.
@@ -2725,6 +2739,12 @@ connect_done(isc_task_t *task, isc_event_t *event) {
 		UNLOCK_LOOKUP;
 		return;
 	}
+	if (keep_open) {
+fprintf(stderr, "SAVING socket\n");
+		if (keep != NULL)
+			isc_socket_detach(&keep);
+		isc_socket_attach(query->sock, &keep);
+	}
 	launch_next_query(query, ISC_TRUE);
 	isc_event_free(&event);
 	UNLOCK_LOOKUP;
@@ -3541,6 +3561,9 @@ destroy_libs(void) {
 	isc_result_t result;
 #endif
 
+	fprintf(stderr, "CLOSING socket\n");
+	if (keep != 0)
+		isc_socket_detach(&keep);
 	debug("destroy_libs()");
 	if (global_task != NULL) {
 		debug("freeing task");
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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At Fri, 18 Oct 2013 15:20:13 -0400 (EDT),
Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:

> > - The definition of "timeout" isn't clear to me.
>
> We will clarify. What was meant was the timeout value for idle TCP
> sessions. servers can use this if they are behind a load balancer which
> terminates these connections irrespective of the DNS software
> implementation.

Hmm, so, for example, if an administrator uses a load balancer
configured with a "TCP timeout" value would configure the backend name
server so it will include that value for this EDNS option?  I suspect
ordinary readers without much background would need a lot of
imagination to come up with this scenario just from the draft text:-)

> > - In Abstract, it says: "However, clients are currently limited in
> >  their use of the TCP transport as most implementations limit the TCP
> >  session to a single DNS query and answer".  Does this
> >  "implementations" mean clients or servers?  According to the general
> >  sense of the draft, I guess it means servers, but it's not super
> >  clear.
>
> What is a client? If you mean gethostbyname() or getaddrinfo(), those
> functions don't really have an API to support more then one query. So
> a client in this context is a recursive resolver acting as a forwarder.

First off, I didn't think it was a client, but the text wasn't really
clear.  Secondly, if it was really about clients, "what kind of
client" would actually be my next question, as there are different
types of "clients" (stub resolver and recursive server) and it was not
really clear from the draft text.  Thirdly, since you asked, IIRC the
very basic primitive "libresolv" library supports the "stay open"
option flag.  See, e.g. lines 514-517 of
http://svnweb.freebsd.org/base/head/lib/libc/resolv/res_send.c?view=markup&pathrev=255336
although this doesn't matter much in the context of this draft anyway.

> >   The edns-tcp-keep-alive option can potentially be abused to request
> >   large numbers of sessions in a quick burst.
> >
> >  Could you (or the next version of the draft) be more specific about
> >  it?
>
> Will do.
>
> What we meant was the client could "stuff" the tcp pipe with query after
> query without waiting for any answers with the sole purpose to make the
> upstream resolver work really hard and use up all its resources.

Okay, but this doesn't seem to be an abuse of the proposed option, but
just a possible attack on a server that accepts multiple queries on a
single connection in general (I remember it was already pointed out in
the thread).

--
JINMEI, Tatuya

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From: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
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On Sat, 19 Oct 2013, Mark Andrews wrote:

> Just so you can have a something to test with I hacked dig to keep
> the tcp socket open.  It needs more work to be production quality.

Thanks! I've used the patch to test some servers

> Now I know named handles multiple queries over a socket.
> Perhaps others can report what works for them.

I've tested against:
- unbound
- dnsmasq
- powerdns-recursor
- bind9.7

All of these returned pipelined queries that I threw at them (upto a
few hundred)

OpenDNS worked as well.

Google DNS worked but puts a limit of 64 queries on a TCP connection.

I have not yet tested how long these servers and services keep idle
connections open.

Paul

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Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org> wrote:
>
> All DNS servers should already handle multiple questions over a TCP
> socket.  This is *basic* RFC 1035.  Just send the queries and deal
> with the fact that you may have broken servers.
>
> Adding a new option often the worst thing you can do to fix a failure
> to follow specification.  It is definitely not needed to fix this
> problem.

Right.

I have been thinking about what changes this draft implies relative to RFC
5966. There's a general encouragement to use TCP, but that doesn't require
protocol changes.

I don't think it implies any changes to server connection management.
There are quality-of-implementation questions, but they doesn't need
protocol changes.

The only difference it makes to the client is it can close connections
based on the server's idle timeout, instead of keeping them open
indefinitely.

This is beneficial to the server, since it offloads FIN-WAIT-2 to the
client. It is not beneficial to the client since it implies extra timeout
handling and extra bandwidth usage - think radio power.

Perhaps the server should only send the option when its timeout is less
than indefinite, or if it changes in the lifetime of the connection. Then
in most cases the client will not have to bear the extra costs.

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
Forties, Cromarty: East, veering southeast, 4 or 5, occasionally 6 at first.
Rough, becoming slight or moderate. Showers, rain at first. Moderate or good,
occasionally poor at first.

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This feature could be hugely beneficial - see below for some numbers.

I think it is worth being more clear about what is possible without this
draft both in principle and separately in practice.

The first paragraph of section 3 is saying that in practice, validating
resolvers (BIND, Unbound) are not currently optimized to minimize latency.
This ought to be fixed, but it does not imply that you have to suffer many
RTTs without edns-tcp-chain-query.

Editorial suggestions: I think section 1 and section 3 are doing basically
the same job and should be merged into one section. The term "Resolving
Nameserver" is peculiar and isn't defined in the terminology section.

In principle you can send all the queries and get all the responses needed
for validation in one RTT, or two if the answer contains a CNAME chain,
because you need the validation chain for the CNAME targets and you don't
know the targets until you get the response. So I think the key benefit of
edns-tcp-chain-query is not so much latency, but reducing the amount of
data sent and received to get a validation chain. (It turns out to be
difficult to completely eliminate the second RTT in the CNAME case; more
on that below.)

Perhaps it is worth calculating how much data could be saved. Let's use
webmail.hermes.cam.ac.uk as an example since it should make
edns-tcp-chain-query look really good :-) Given an empty cache, to look it
up and get the validation chain, a stub would query for:

webmail.hermes.cam.ac.uk. IN A
webmail.hermes.cam.ac.uk. IN AAAA
webmail.hermes.cam.ac.uk. IN DNSKEY
webmail.hermes.cam.ac.uk. IN DS
        hermes.cam.ac.uk. IN DNSKEY
        hermes.cam.ac.uk. IN DS
               cam.ac.uk. IN DNSKEY
               cam.ac.uk. IN DS
                   ac.uk. IN DNSKEY
                   ac.uk. IN DS
                      uk. IN DNSKEY
                      uk. IN DS
                        . IN DNSKEY

Which is 536 bytes sent in 13 queries. Our campus resolvers return 7826
bytes of UDP response to these queries. My resolver configured for minimal
responses only reduces this to 6568 bytes by omitting the additional
gubbins in the first response. That's about half a second of data at GPRS
speeds.

Those numbers come from the following script. I have patched dig to print
the query size: https://github.com/fanf2/bind-9/commit/b1d6fc85

h=webmail.hermes.cam.ac.uk.
s=127.0.0.1
(	dig +dnssec +noall +qr +stats @$s $h IN A $h IN AAAA;
	while [ "$h" != "" ];
	do	dig +dnssec +noall +qr +stats @$s $h IN DNSKEY $h IN DS;
		h=${h#*.};
	done;
	dig +dnssec +noall +qr +stats @$s . IN DNSKEY
) | grep SIZE

A lot of these are NODATA responses, the 2nd to 6th queries inclusive.
These responses are entirely redundant, since the RRSIG in the A response
indicates there is no AAAA and the nearest enclosing zone cut is cam.ac.uk
below which there are no DNSKEY nor DS records. Leaving those out would
save 2349 bytes, for a total of 4219 bytes of reply.

The remaining redundancy that edns-chain-query would eliminate is the
repetetive headers and OPT RRs. I think (without having checked in detail)
that this saves from the response the same amount of data as all but two
of the queries. (The first two queries still need to be separate; the
client would send one with the chain option and one without.) This saves
another 430 bytes, reducing the total to 3789 bytes.

That is less than half the original.

On the query side, we now only need to send queries for A and AAAA, and
include the edns-chain option in one of them, making 111 bytes which is
about 20% of the original.

Some more suggestions and questions ...

Section 5.2 generating a query:

I think the Last Known Query Name needs to be the First Unknown Query
Name. In the empty cache case, the client only has a root trust anchor so
it needs the root DNSKEY RRset. So when it sends . in the edns-chain-query
option it wants to get everything up to and including the root.

Section 5.3 generating a response:

Why include the NS RRsets? The client is making forwarding queries to an
upstream recursive server, so it doesn't need to know the names or
addreses of the authoritative servers. Those are only useful for direct
iterative resolving.

I think more needs to be said about additional section processing. It
seems sensible to me to do additional section processing only for direct
answers to the client's query, not for the validation chain (i.e. omit the
NS RRsets and their targets). For instance if the client asks for the MX,
include the MX target RRs in the additional section.

What about the MX target validation chain(s)? If I query for example.ac.uk
and they have outsourced mail to example.net, I can put ac.uk in
edns-chain option, but I don't know in advance that the response will have
anything to say about example.net, and I can't tell the server that I
already have example.net in my cache. (There's a similar problem for CNAME
responses.)

So the server has a dilemma: include everything to ensure that the client
doesn't have to make any more queries, which is a waste of bandwidth if
the client's cache is populated, or make the client suffer another round
trip to deal with the targets if the cache isn't populated?

Perhaps it would make sense to send the validation chain for CNAME targets
and additional records only if the client's edns-chain domain is a parent
of the target. The server can then be sure it only sends records the
client does not have. If the targets are not under the client's edns-chain
domain, then the client might have to send a follow-up query.

Section 6.5 anycast considerations:

Again I think this is too pessimistic about the anycast and TCP.

Section 4 option format:

Why use the term FQDN? This is a domain name in wire format, right? (which
will compress nicely since it is a parent of the QNAME)

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
Forties, Cromarty: East, veering southeast, 4 or 5, occasionally 6 at first.
Rough, becoming slight or moderate. Showers, rain at first. Moderate or good,
occasionally poor at first.

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Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at> wrote:

Sorry, there was an error in my calculations.

> A lot of these are NODATA responses, the 2nd to 6th queries inclusive.
> These responses are entirely redundant, since the RRSIG in the A response
> indicates there is no AAAA and the nearest enclosing zone cut is cam.ac.uk
> below which there are no DNSKEY nor DS records. Leaving those out would
> save 2349 bytes, for a total of 4219 bytes of reply.

The RRSIG only proves the nonexistence of the DNSKEY and DS records. We
need the NSEC to prove the nonexistence of the AAAA record. And the A and
AAAA queries have to be separate, so the AAAA response should be a full
NODATA response. So we only save 1872 bytes and the total is 4694 bytes.

> The remaining redundancy that edns-chain-query would eliminate is the
> repetetive headers and OPT RRs. I think (without having checked in detail)
> that this saves from the response the same amount of data as all but two
> of the queries. (The first two queries still need to be separate; the
> client would send one with the chain option and one without.) This saves
> another 430 bytes, reducing the total to 3789 bytes.

Actually 4264 which is 55% of the original.

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
Forties, Cromarty: East, veering southeast, 4 or 5, occasionally 6 at first.
Rough, becoming slight or moderate. Showers, rain at first. Moderate or good,
occasionally poor at first.

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From: Ray Bellis <Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk>
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Thread-Topic: [dnsext] New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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References: <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310151621000.5978@bofh.nohats.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310161054300.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310161055540.5671@bofh.nohats.ca> <21087.60263.989338.253036@gro.dd.org> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310171808090.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <516321C1-1988-4946-A524-B2529752726F@hopcount.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310181129500.8147@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310180926340.27671@bofh.nohats.ca> <20131018141143.344FD85CD4D@rock.dv.isc.org> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310181018480.27671@bofh.nohats.ca> <20131018204432.EA89085D2D8@rock.dv.isc.org>
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Cc: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>, DNSEXT Group Working <dnsext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] New Version Notification for	draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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On 18 Oct 2013, at 21:44, Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org> wrote:

> Just write a RFC with a title like "Common DNS server errors in
> handling queries over TCP" which points out that DNS servers are
> expected to handle multiple queries over TCP.  Then a user has a
> second clue bat to go beat the vendor over the head with.

It's already implicit in 5966, where there's text clarifying that responses=
 on a TCP connection may arrive in a different order to requests.

kind regards,

Ray


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Date: Mon, 21 Oct 2013 19:52:11 +0530
From: Mukund Sivaraman <muks@isc.org>
To: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
Message-ID: <20131021142210.GA10464@totoro.home.mukund.org>
References: <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310161055540.5671@bofh.nohats.ca> <21087.60263.989338.253036@gro.dd.org> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310171808090.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <516321C1-1988-4946-A524-B2529752726F@hopcount.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310181129500.8147@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310180926340.27671@bofh.nohats.ca> <20131018141143.344FD85CD4D@rock.dv.isc.org> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310181018480.27671@bofh.nohats.ca> <20131018204432.EA89085D2D8@rock.dv.isc.org> <20131018212809.4F11585E22E@rock.dv.isc.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepalive-00.txt (fwd)
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On Sat, Oct 19, 2013 at 08:28:09AM +1100, Mark Andrews wrote:
> Just so you can have a something to test with I hacked dig to keep
> the tcp socket open.  It needs more work to be production quality.
>=20
> 	dig @server +tcp -f querylist
>=20
> Now I know named handles multiple queries over a socket.
> Perhaps others can report what works for them.

I remember seeing a config option in the NSD configuration for the
number of queries it's allowed to serve on a TCP connection. So I guess
other DNS servers also implement it.

		Mukund

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To: Ray Bellis <Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk>
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
References: <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310151621000.5978@bofh.nohats.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310161054300.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310161055540.5671@bofh.nohats.ca> <21087.60263.989338.253036@gro.dd.org> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310171808090.3100@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <516321C1-1988-4946-A524-B2529752726F@hopcount.ca> <alpine.LSU.2.00.1310181129500.8147@hermes-2.csi.cam.ac.uk> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310180926340.27671@bofh.nohats.ca> <20131018141143.344FD85CD4D@rock.dv.isc.org> <alpine.LFD.2.10.1310181018480.27671@bofh.nohats.ca> <20131018204432.EA89085D2D8@rock.dv.isc.org> <53F00E5CD8B2E34C81C0C89EB0B4FE732DED83C2@wds-exc1.okna.nominet.org.uk>
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In message <53F00E5CD8B2E34C81C0C89EB0B4FE732DED83C2@wds-exc1.okna.nominet.org.uk>, Ray Bellis writes:
>
> On 18 Oct 2013, at 21:44, Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org> wrote:
>
> > Just write a RFC with a title like "Common DNS server errors in
> > handling queries over TCP" which points out that DNS servers are
> > expected to handle multiple queries over TCP.  Then a user has a
> > second clue bat to go beat the vendor over the head with.
>
> It's already implicit in 5966, where there's text clarifying that
> responses on a TCP connection may arrive in a different order to requests.
>
> kind regards,
>
> Ray

Sometimes it is just better to says things explicitly.
Sometimes it is just better to not mix a correction with
a extension.

Mark
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
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On Sat, 19 Oct 2013, Tony Finch wrote:

> This feature could be hugely beneficial

Great, I think so too :)

> The first paragraph of section 3 is saying that in practice, validating
> resolvers (BIND, Unbound) are not currently optimized to minimize latency.
> This ought to be fixed, but it does not imply that you have to suffer many
> RTTs without edns-tcp-chain-query.

There is not much they can do to fix it if I'm using a phone over 3g
with a validator on the phone.

> Editorial suggestions: I think section 1 and section 3 are doing basically
> the same job and should be merged into one section. The term "Resolving
> Nameserver" is peculiar and isn't defined in the terminology section.

Thanks will look into that.

> In principle you can send all the queries and get all the responses needed
> for validation in one RTT, or two if the answer contains a CNAME chain,
> because you need the validation chain for the CNAME targets and you don't
> know the targets until you get the response. So I think the key benefit of
> edns-tcp-chain-query is not so much latency, but reducing the amount of
> data sent and received to get a validation chain.

I figure when it comes to bytes send/received, if DNS is your issue you
have bigger problems with what's asking the DNS questions. It's nice to
reduce the size if we can, but I don't think there is much impact with
reduced size?

> That's about half a second of data at GPRS speeds.

Well, I guess it you meassure at GPRS speeds.... :)

> Section 5.2 generating a query:
>
> I think the Last Known Query Name needs to be the First Unknown Query
> Name.

I was avoiding that because the client does not know what it doesn't
know. There might not be zone cuts on every dot. Which is why I opted
for it to convey that it did know.

> In the empty cache case, the client only has a root trust anchor so
> it needs the root DNSKEY RRset. So when it sends . in the edns-chain-query
> option it wants to get everything up to and including the root.

Yes. Was this not clear in the draft?

> Section 5.3 generating a response:
>
> Why include the NS RRsets? The client is making forwarding queries to an
> upstream recursive server, so it doesn't need to know the names or
> addreses of the authoritative servers. Those are only useful for direct
> iterative resolving.

Because roaming devices run the risk of changing to a network where they
have to operate without forwarder. In which case it would be really nice
to already have those NS records validated and ready. It seemed like an
optimization that might cause more problems than it solves.

> I think more needs to be said about additional section processing. It
> seems sensible to me to do additional section processing only for direct
> answers to the client's query, not for the validation chain (i.e. omit the
> NS RRsets and their targets). For instance if the client asks for the MX,
> include the MX target RRs in the additional section.

I guess that depends on how the resolver is configured. unbound seems to
be minimal responses, while my old named seems to add it A records to
the additional section. So I think that would be out of scope for this
draft, but perhaps a mention that it would be recommended not to
configure resolvers with minimum responses (unlike authoritative
servers?)

> What about the MX target validation chain(s)? If I query for example.ac.uk
> and they have outsourced mail to example.net, I can put ac.uk in
> edns-chain option, but I don't know in advance that the response will have
> anything to say about example.net, and I can't tell the server that I
> already have example.net in my cache. (There's a similar problem for CNAME
> responses.)

I don't think there is a principle reason why not to add those to the
additional section. In fact, I had thought about a special query that
would signal to the upstream resolver "give me your 1% hot cache
entries with a TTL of more then 5 minutes".

> So the server has a dilemma: include everything to ensure that the client
> doesn't have to make any more queries, which is a waste of bandwidth if
> the client's cache is populated, or make the client suffer another round
> trip to deal with the targets if the cache isn't populated?

right. so we can either make an option, or not optimize here.

I'd say that MX is not that important because it is not very interactive
(but a background process) and that CNAME/DNAME could be avoided if
people cared about the extra 1 RTT for the followup (TCP keepalive) query.

> Perhaps it would make sense to send the validation chain for CNAME targets
> and additional records only if the client's edns-chain domain is a parent
> of the target. The server can then be sure it only sends records the
> client does not have. If the targets are not under the client's edns-chain
> domain, then the client might have to send a follow-up query.

I think that's what Jelte was hinting at too. I think I'll try to write
this up for the next version. It covers a quite common case, and without
the risk of needing to include a whole new hierarchy of which we don't
know if the client knows it or not.

> Section 6.5 anycast considerations:
>
> Again I think this is too pessimistic about the anycast and TCP.

I can tone it down a bit and just state implementors should be careful.

> Section 4 option format:
>
> Why use the term FQDN? This is a domain name in wire format, right? (which
> will compress nicely since it is a parent of the QNAME)

You are right, will fix in next draft.

thanks for the feedback!

Paul

From jay@nzrs.net.nz  Mon Oct 21 19:54:21 2013
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On 18/10/2013, at 12:17 AM, Mukund Sivaraman <muks@isc.org> wrote:

> One more thing:
>=20
> RFC 1035 calls for durable storage of zone data. This is not a strict
> requirement for configured secondaries if you consider that a =
secondary
> can AXFR data from scratch during startup and store it in volatile
> memory. There are no updates to zone data made at secondaries -
> transfers not being considered as updates to data.
>=20
> So far, the "catalog" (RFC 1035) is a part of the secondary
> implementation's static configuration. The secondary can run without
> writing to durable storage.
>=20
> The case where a secondary crashes, loses its dynamic configuration
> should be addressed. Is an admin expected to reconfigure the secondary
> on startup each time? Is the secondary expected to save the updated
> catalog to durable storage? (The latter may not be agreeable to
> everyone, so support for both should be considered.)

I think that is an implementation specific decision that should not be =
hard-coded in the protocol.  i.e. some may choose to require a dynamic =
re-configuration while others may store the configuration persistently.

Jay

>=20
> 		Mukund


--=20
Jay Daley
Chief Executive
.nz Registry Services (New Zealand Domain Name Registry Limited)
desk: +64 4 931 6977
mobile: +64 21 678840
linkedin: www.linkedin.com/in/jaydaley


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From: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
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Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:

> On Sat, 19 Oct 2013, Tony Finch wrote:
>
> > The first paragraph of section 3 is saying that in practice, validating
> > resolvers (BIND, Unbound) are not currently optimized to minimize latency.
> > This ought to be fixed, but it does not imply that you have to suffer many
> > RTTs without edns-tcp-chain-query.
>
> There is not much they can do to fix it if I'm using a phone over 3g
> with a validator on the phone.

If they care about latency they should send all the necessary queries at
once, as in the example I posted. It seems to me that edns-chain-query is
just a more concise way to express this basic strategy. A client that is
adapted to use edns-chain-query can equally well be adapted to make
equivalent concurrent queries.

That is, whenever you would like to send an edns-chain-query, you can get
roughly the same latency if you send the basic query and at the same time
send queries for DS and DNSKEY for every domain name from your QNAME to
its topmost uncached parent domain.

So I think the draft should be more clear about the benefits of this
protocol change, relative to the backwards-compatible concurrent query
strategy. I say "roughly" above since the option might allow you to save
the second round trip for validating out-of-zone CNAME targets.

> > Section 5.2 generating a query:
> >
> > I think the Last Known Query Name needs to be the First Unknown Query
> > Name.
>
> I was avoiding that because the client does not know what it doesn't
> know. There might not be zone cuts on every dot. Which is why I opted
> for it to convey that it did know.

If the client is querying for www.example.com and it knows com, and it
knows it doesn't know example.com, it should put example.com in the
option. It doesn't matter if that is a zone cut or not.

> > In the empty cache case, the client only has a root trust anchor so
> > it needs the root DNSKEY RRset. So when it sends . in the edns-chain-query
> > option it wants to get everything up to and including the root.
>
> Yes. Was this not clear in the draft?

But as currently written, the client will not get the . DNSKEY RRset,
because the option says it knows the root. If it only has a trust anchor,
not the complete . DNSKEY RRset, it won't be able to validate the TLD DS
record. It will have to make a separate query for the . DNSKEY RRset.

If you change it to be the last unknown domain name, then this problem
goes away.

> > Section 5.3 generating a response:
> >
> > Why include the NS RRsets? The client is making forwarding queries to an
> > upstream recursive server, so it doesn't need to know the names or
> > addreses of the authoritative servers. Those are only useful for direct
> > iterative resolving.
>
> Because roaming devices run the risk of changing to a network where they
> have to operate without forwarder. In which case it would be really nice
> to already have those NS records validated and ready. It seemed like an
> optimization that might cause more problems than it solves.

Oh, that makes sense. It would be helpful to have that rationale in the
NS record considerations section of the draft.


And now to additional validation chains outside the client's last known
name...

> I don't think there is a principle reason why not to add those to the
> additional section. In fact, I had thought about a special query that
> would signal to the upstream resolver "give me your 1% hot cache
> entries with a TTL of more then 5 minutes".

Sounds like a self-ddos option to me :-)

> > So the server has a dilemma: include everything to ensure that the client
> > doesn't have to make any more queries, which is a waste of bandwidth if
> > the client's cache is populated, or make the client suffer another round
> > trip to deal with the targets if the cache isn't populated?
>
> right. so we can either make an option, or not optimize here.
>
> I'd say that MX is not that important because it is not very interactive
> (but a background process) and that CNAME/DNAME could be avoided if
> people cared about the extra 1 RTT for the followup (TCP keepalive) query.

Note that (when comparing with clients that don't use this option and just
send all the necessary queries at once) this second RTT for CNAME
validation is the one that the option can eliminate.

> > Perhaps it would make sense to send the validation chain for CNAME targets
> > and additional records only if the client's edns-chain domain is a parent
> > of the target. The server can then be sure it only sends records the
> > client does not have. If the targets are not under the client's edns-chain
> > domain, then the client might have to send a follow-up query.
>
> I think that's what Jelte was hinting at too. I think I'll try to write
> this up for the next version. It covers a quite common case, and without
> the risk of needing to include a whole new hierarchy of which we don't
> know if the client knows it or not.

Cool.

I still have a nagging question if there is a better way to eliminate
more of these follow-up queries.

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
Forties, Cromarty: East, veering southeast, 4 or 5, occasionally 6 at first.
Rough, becoming slight or moderate. Showers, rain at first. Moderate or good,
occasionally poor at first.

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Date: Tue, 22 Oct 2013 10:48:05 -0400 (EDT)
From: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
To: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
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Cc: DNSEXT Group Working <dnsext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-01.txt (fwd)
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On Tue, 22 Oct 2013, Tony Finch wrote:

>> There is not much they can do to fix it if I'm using a phone over 3g
>> with a validator on the phone.
>
> If they care about latency they should send all the necessary queries at
> once, as in the example I posted.

But you mostly cannot know. There is not much quering all possible zone
cuts of a.b.c.d.e.fg.h.i.j.k.l.com if the nameserver of l.com is
ns1.nohats.ca.

Now if l.com's NS records are ns1.nohats.ca, than sure we could add the
relatively small stuff for .ca and nohats.ca. to the additional section
as well. The question is where do you draw the line? I think latency is
a little more important than saving a few bytes, so I'd rather get some
redundant data. Can we leave that decision as a local policy, analogue
to a 'minimal responses' switch ?

> It seems to me that edns-chain-query is
> just a more concise way to express this basic strategy. A client that is
> adapted to use edns-chain-query can equally well be adapted to make
> equivalent concurrent queries.

But when you are hammering all imaginary zone cuts, and you really
needed .ca, that seems overly aggressive to me. The client does not have
a good idea what to ask. The server does have a good idea of what it
should return. Therefor I think the client should simply ask what it
wants to know, and the server should think about sending additional
data to satisfy the original question.

> So I think the draft should be more clear about the benefits of this
> protocol change, relative to the backwards-compatible concurrent query
> strategy.

I'll try and write something up. But I hope the above explanation makes
sense to you?

>>> I think the Last Known Query Name needs to be the First Unknown Query
>>> Name.
>>
>> I was avoiding that because the client does not know what it doesn't
>> know. There might not be zone cuts on every dot. Which is why I opted
>> for it to convey that it did know.
>
> If the client is querying for www.example.com and it knows com, and it
> knows it doesn't know example.com, it should put example.com in the
> option. It doesn't matter if that is a zone cut or not.

What if it does know example.com, just not www.example.com. It puts in
www.example.com? And what is "knowing" with regard to RRtype? It might
not "know" something because it does not exist. I prefer chaining the
question to something we know exists.

>>> In the empty cache case, the client only has a root trust anchor so
>>> it needs the root DNSKEY RRset. So when it sends . in the edns-chain-query
>>> option it wants to get everything up to and including the root.
>>
>> Yes. Was this not clear in the draft?
>
> But as currently written, the client will not get the . DNSKEY RRset,
> because the option says it knows the root. If it only has a trust anchor,
> not the complete . DNSKEY RRset, it won't be able to validate the TLD DS
> record. It will have to make a separate query for the . DNSKEY RRset.
>
> If you change it to be the last unknown domain name, then this problem
> goes away.

I see. That's true. Let me think on this a bit more. I'm not sure if
this one corner case is important enough to matter. Let's see what
others have to say about this?

>>> Section 5.3 generating a response:
>>>
>>> Why include the NS RRsets? The client is making forwarding queries to an
>>> upstream recursive server, so it doesn't need to know the names or
>>> addreses of the authoritative servers. Those are only useful for direct
>>> iterative resolving.
>>
>> Because roaming devices run the risk of changing to a network where they
>> have to operate without forwarder. In which case it would be really nice
>> to already have those NS records validated and ready. It seemed like an
>> optimization that might cause more problems than it solves.
>
> Oh, that makes sense. It would be helpful to have that rationale in the
> NS record considerations section of the draft.

Will do.

>>> Perhaps it would make sense to send the validation chain for CNAME targets
>>> and additional records only if the client's edns-chain domain is a parent
>>> of the target. The server can then be sure it only sends records the
>>> client does not have. If the targets are not under the client's edns-chain
>>> domain, then the client might have to send a follow-up query.
>>
>> I think that's what Jelte was hinting at too. I think I'll try to write
>> this up for the next version. It covers a quite common case, and without
>> the risk of needing to include a whole new hierarchy of which we don't
>> know if the client knows it or not.
>
> Cool.
>
> I still have a nagging question if there is a better way to eliminate
> more of these follow-up queries.

We should probably take a look at some common resolves (on phones) and
see what dns data we currently have. google for instance has straight A
records for gmail.com but CNAMEs for mail.google.com.

Paul

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From: Tony Finch <dot@dotat.at>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-01.txt (fwd)
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Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:
>
> But when you are hammering all imaginary zone cuts, and you really
> needed .ca, that seems overly aggressive to me.

Even though in the majority of cases you'll only make a couple of
redundant queries?

I thought we weren't trying to save bandwidth :-)

> > > > I think the Last Known Query Name needs to be the First Unknown Query
> > > > Name.
> > >
> > > I was avoiding that because the client does not know what it doesn't
> > > know. There might not be zone cuts on every dot. Which is why I opted
> > > for it to convey that it did know.
> >
> > If the client is querying for www.example.com and it knows com, and it
> > knows it doesn't know example.com, it should put example.com in the
> > option. It doesn't matter if that is a zone cut or not.
>
> What if it does know example.com, just not www.example.com. It puts in
> www.example.com?

Right, since www.example.com might be a zone cut. And if it knows
www.example.com there is no need for the option.

> And what is "knowing" with regard to RRtype?

Not my choice of word! And we're concerned with the ability to validate
any RRset at a name, which is independent of the RRtype.

> It might not "know" something because it does not exist.

It will either know nothing since it has nothing in the cache or know it
has a negative cache entry or know it has a cached proof of insecurity.

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
Forties, Cromarty: East, veering southeast, 4 or 5, occasionally 6 at first.
Rough, becoming slight or moderate. Showers, rain at first. Moderate or good,
occasionally poor at first.

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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Hi

Thanks for the responses.=20
We dug a little deeper and we found that the scenario was happening ONLY  f=
or the cases where the zones have a CNAME at the zone apex

In Setup where Parent zone (.com) is Signed and Child zone (contoso.com) is=
 Unsigned. CNAME record is present at apex (.) of Child zone ( contoso.com =
CNAME new_contoso.com) The Resolver responded with SERV_FAIL.
The packet flow is in following order:
	- Query is sent from client for contoso.com of type A to the resolver.
	- Resolver asked the same from .com server.
	- .com server replied back with NS record (for delegation) with name serve=
r as Child Server, NSEC3 record (to prove that DS does not exist) and A/AAA=
A records for Child Server
	- Based on the delegation response above, Resolver asked Child Server for =
contoso.com and got a reply for the same with CNAME pointing to new_contoso=
.com.=20
	- Now Resolver still asks for DS Record of contoso.com (probably because C=
NAME record in the response overwrites everything else present at that node=
) and it could not get response as the zone is unsigned.
	- Resolver replied back to the client with server failure


We have observed the same behaviour with BIND resolvers as well. Is this be=
haviour correct?

Coming back to the original question, the migration from contoso.com to new=
_contoso.com is a fairly common scenario. Are there any guidance on how to =
achieve such a migration. One argument can be that the authoritative server=
 for contoso.com should not keep CNAME records at (.) zone apex. In that ca=
se how is the admin supposed to handle such migrations and still support Na=
ked domain resolutions.

Thanks
Ashu




-----Original Message-----
From: Dave Lawrence [mailto:tale@dd.org]=20
Sent: Monday, October 7, 2013 11:03 PM
To: Sourav Sain
Cc: Kumar Ashutosh; dnsext@ietf.org Group
Subject: RE: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC

Sourav Sain writes:
> Presented below is a name resolution for "facebook.com, type=3DA". In=20
> the first name resolution against "218.248.240.179" we see that=20
> "69.171.239.12#53(a.ns.facebook.com)" ends up returning an A record=20
> for QName=3Dfacebook.com. Since COM is signed A record for facebook.com=20
> needs to have an RRSIG(A) in the response, which, obviously is missing=20
> as a.ns.facebook.com cannot return the signature for A using keys=20
> owned by COM. Our concern is, a security aware validating server,=20
> having root or COM's Trust Anchor, will expect an RRSIG in the=20
> response for facebook.com, type=3DA, not having which, will conclude the=
=20
> response as BOGUS.

To expand a little on the answer that Jim Reid gave, it is important to rem=
ember the principle that for records at a zone cut, almost all records are =
authoritatively owned by the delegated zone, not the delegator.  The only e=
xception to this is the DS record.  Therefore this sentence from above, and=
 the crux of your problem, is not
correct:

> Since COM is signed A record for facebook.com needs to have an
> RRSIG(A) in the response

A properly written, standards-compliant validating resolver will recognize =
that when it originally asked the GTLD servers for facebook.com it got a pr=
ovably insecure delegation to the facebook.com nameservers.  Therefore it w=
ill know that all records within the zone, including those at the apex, wil=
l not come with signatures.


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References: <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE4647EAD8D5@SINEX14MBXC405.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <21069.41000.63116.736893@gro.dd.org> <F04702D34F7A2740A330302703120864384C8916@SINEX14MBXC421.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <21074.61535.976353.482373@gro.dd.org> <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE464B6202F6@SINEX14MBXC415.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com>
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Cc: Thirunadha Reddy <thirunr@microsoft.com>, "dnsext@ietf.org Group" <dnsext@ietf.org>, Sourav Sain <sosain@microsoft.com>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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On Wed, Oct 23, 2013 at 09:00:20AM +0000, Kumar Ashutosh wrote:
> 
> In Setup where Parent zone (.com) is Signed and Child zone (contoso.com) is Unsigned. CNAME record is present at apex (.) of Child zone ( contoso.com CNAME new_contoso.com) The Resolver responded with SERV_FAIL.

It should respond with SERVFAIL in that case.  You have an invalid
zone on the child side.  You can't have a CNAME at the apex of a zone.

Best,

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@anvilwalrusden.com

From marc.lampo.ietf@gmail.com  Wed Oct 23 06:32:11 2013
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From: Marc Lampo <marc.lampo.ietf@gmail.com>
To: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-01.txt (fwd)
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Hello,

excuse me if I am uneasy with this proposed way of working.

I think there are several more aspects that need a more precise description.
Some of the aspects listed hereafter, but I cannot claim completeness.

Hopefully mentioning these points will allow to correct/complete the draft.


First off :
I remember a presentation of Cricket Liu, author of DNS & Bind, Infoblox,
where the overhead of DNSSEC overall is not dramatic.
The very first time, when a cache is emtpy, several queries are needed
of course, but the answers are cached and may not need to be queried for
afterwards (for as long as they live in the cache).

So, probably the first DNS query with tcp-chain saves overhead/bytes/RTT,
but does the gain persist afterwards ?
Staying with the first example, 9.1, Simple query for example.com.

 Suppose this query, for www.example.com.,
 is followed by a second query for the MX record of example.com.

 After the first query, with or without tcp-chain-query, the forwarder
 will have the DNSKEY(s) of example.com. loaded in its cache.
 So :
 with tcp-chain-query, the query for the MX records, would specify
  "example.com." as last known query name.
 without tcp-chain-query, the query for the MX records would not be followed
  by any subsequent query (because the required DNSKEY info is already
there)

I would propose that more examples are provided,
not to focus exclusively on a "first query when the cache is empty".

When calculating the gain, the numbers for a second query should be
considered as well.


With respect to proposal in the draft :
1) In its present version, there are several references about
   a forwarder that sends queries with this tcp-chain-query option,
   a recursive resolver that responds with the tcp-chain-query option.

   But what with a tcp-chain-query to an authoritative name server ?
    (or : a name server authoritative for some, caching for all others)
   What with a tcp-chain-query to a forwarder itself ?

2) Without the tcp-chain-query option, it is hardly possible to
   create a DNS query packet larger than 512 bytes.
   (at least I would not know how :
    header + 1 name to query for (max 256 bytes) + EDNS0
    cannot be larger than 512 bytes, can it ?)

   But with the tcp-chain-query option, this changes.
   As the draft states, in 4 Option Format, that no compression is allowed
   in the Last Known Query Name,
   an attacker could create a query with two max length domain names,
   resulting in a "valid" query, > 512 bytes,
   to name servers that may not be tcp-chain-query aware
   and expecting no queries exceeding 512 bytes.

   I think this is worth mentioning in the security section of the draft.

3) I'm puzzled with the numerous records that can be returned
   and them being in the proper sections
   (no offense meant, Olafur, I just don't see it yet)

   Without tcp-chain-request, a query for www.example.com
   (assuming there is only an A RRset for it)
   will yield :
   Answer section : www.example.com. A RRset
                    www.example.com. RRSIG over A RRset
   A second query is needed for the DNSKEy of example.com.
   It will yield :
   Answer section : example.com. DNSKEY RRset
                    example.com. RRSIG over DNSKEY RRset
   A third query is needed for the DS record of example.com.
   Resulting in :
   Answer section : example.com. DS RRset
                    example.com. RRSIG over DS RRset
   ...

   The first paragraph of 5.3 Generating a Response states :
   "It extends the
   Authority Section for the DNS answer packet with the required DNS
   RRSets resulting in an Authority Section that contains a complete
   chain of DNS RRsets that start with the first chain element below the
   received Last Known Query Name upto and including the NS and DS
   RRsets that represent the zone cut (authoritative servers) of the
   QNAME."

   ? does this mean that all DNSKEY and DS information and there RRSIGs
     are expected in the authority section of the answer ?
     (which is a different section than if queried for separately)

   Perhaps it is only a matter of rephrasing ...

4) The one before last paragraph of 5.3 Generating a Response
   addresses CNAMEs

   Without tcp-chain-request, when a forwarder asks a resolver,
   recursive query, for a name that is turns out to be a CNAME,
   the resolver returns both the CNAME and the address it points at :
$ dig @<-resolver-ip-> www.hotmail.com. +recurse +short
dispatch.kahuna.glbdns2.microsoft.com.
157.55.0.137
157.55.0.139
   So, 1 query, 1 answer that has it all.

   But the one before last paragraph of 5.3 states :
   "It MUST NOT follow the CNAME ..."
   Thus this mean the forwarder will have to ask a second question,
   if using tcp-chain-request ?

   My feeling is this is an important change in the behaviour.
   (but I understand the author is hesitant as well, about this paragraph)

   (no comment of mine on DNAME, I am not qualified for that).

Kind regards,

Marc Lampo



On Tue, Oct 15, 2013 at 10:24 PM, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:

>
> This is the 01 version for edns-tcp-chain-query-01
>
> - Moved TCP Keep-alive into a separate document
> - Allow edns-tcp-chain-query discovery over UDP
> - Clarify CNAME / DNAME - Cleanup of text.
>
> Paul
>
>
> -------- Original Message --------
> From: internet-drafts@ietf.org
> To: Paul Wouters <pwouters@redhat.com>
> Subject: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-**
> query-01.txt
> Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2013 10:21:52 -0700
>
> A new version of I-D, draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-**query-01.txt
> has been successfully submitted by Paul Wouters and posted to the
> IETF repository.
>
> Filename:        draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-**query
> Revision:        01
> Title:           TCP chain query requests in DNS
> Creation date:   2013-10-15
> Group:           Individual Submission
> Number of pages: 15
> URL:             http://www.ietf.org/internet-**
> drafts/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-**chain-query-01.txt<http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-01.txt>
> Status:          http://datatracker.ietf.org/**doc/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-
> **chain-query<http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query>
> Htmlized:        http://tools.ietf.org/html/**
> draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-**query-01<http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-01>
> Diff:            http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?**
> url2=draft-wouters-edns-tcp-**chain-query-01<http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-01>
>
> Abstract:
>    This document defines an EDNS0 extension that can be used by a DNSSEC
>    enabled Recursive Nameserver configured as a forwarder to send a
>    single query over TCP requesting to receive a complete validation
>    path along with the regular query answer.
>
>
>
>
> Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of
> submission
> until the htmlized version and diff are available at tools.ietf.org.
>
> The IETF Secretariat
>
>
> ______________________________**_________________
> dnsext mailing list
> dnsext@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/**listinfo/dnsext<https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsext>
>

--089e0116037ab0699304e9688acd
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: quoted-printable

<div dir=3D"ltr"><div>Hello,<br><br>excuse me if I am uneasy with this prop=
osed way of working.<br><br>I think there are several more aspects that nee=
d a more precise description.<br>Some of the aspects listed hereafter, but =
I cannot claim completeness.<br>
<br>Hopefully mentioning these points will allow to correct/complete the dr=
aft.<br><br><br>First off :<br>I remember a presentation of Cricket Liu, au=
thor of DNS &amp; Bind, Infoblox,<br>where the overhead of DNSSEC overall i=
s not dramatic.<br>
The very first time, when a cache is emtpy, several queries are needed<br>o=
f course, but the answers are cached and may not need to be queried for<br>=
afterwards (for as long as they live in the cache).<br><br>So, probably the=
 first DNS query with tcp-chain saves overhead/bytes/RTT,<br>
but does the gain persist afterwards ?<br>Staying with the first example, 9=
.1, Simple query for <a href=3D"http://example.com">example.com</a>.<br><br=
>=A0Suppose this query, for <a href=3D"http://www.example.com">www.example.=
com</a>.,<br>
=A0is followed by a second query for the MX record of <a href=3D"http://exa=
mple.com">example.com</a>.<br><br>=A0After the first query, with or without=
 tcp-chain-query, the forwarder<br>=A0will have the DNSKEY(s) of <a href=3D=
"http://example.com">example.com</a>. loaded in its cache.<br>
=A0So :<br>=A0with tcp-chain-query, the query for the MX records, would spe=
cify<br>=A0 &quot;<a href=3D"http://example.com">example.com</a>.&quot; as =
last known query name.<br>=A0without tcp-chain-query, the query for the MX =
records would not be followed<br>
=A0 by any subsequent query (because the required DNSKEY info is already th=
ere)<br><br>I would propose that more examples are provided,<br>not to focu=
s exclusively on a &quot;first query when the cache is empty&quot;.<br><br>
When calculating the gain, the numbers for a second query should be<br>cons=
idered as well.<br><br><br>With respect to proposal in the draft :<br>1) In=
 its present version, there are several references about<br>=A0=A0 a forwar=
der that sends queries with this tcp-chain-query option,<br>
=A0=A0 a recursive resolver that responds with the tcp-chain-query option.<=
br><br>=A0=A0 But what with a tcp-chain-query to an authoritative name serv=
er ?<br>=A0=A0=A0 (or : a name server authoritative for some, caching for a=
ll others)<br>
=A0=A0 What with a tcp-chain-query to a forwarder itself ?<br><br>2) Withou=
t the tcp-chain-query option, it is hardly possible to<br>=A0=A0 create a D=
NS query packet larger than 512 bytes.<br>=A0=A0 (at least I would not know=
 how :<br>
=A0=A0=A0 header + 1 name to query for (max 256 bytes) + EDNS0<br>=A0=A0=A0=
 cannot be larger than 512 bytes, can it ?)<br><br>=A0=A0 But with the tcp-=
chain-query option, this changes.<br>=A0=A0 As the draft states, in 4 Optio=
n Format, that no compression is allowed<br>
=A0=A0 in the Last Known Query Name,<br>=A0=A0 an attacker could create a q=
uery with two max length domain names,<br>=A0=A0 resulting in a &quot;valid=
&quot; query, &gt; 512 bytes,<br>=A0=A0 to name servers that may not be tcp=
-chain-query aware<br>
=A0=A0 and expecting no queries exceeding 512 bytes.<br><br>=A0=A0 I think =
this is worth mentioning in the security section of the draft.<br><br>3) I&=
#39;m puzzled with the numerous records that can be returned<br>=A0=A0 and =
them being in the proper sections<br>
=A0=A0 (no offense meant, Olafur, I just don&#39;t see it yet)<br><br>=A0=
=A0 Without tcp-chain-request, a query for <a href=3D"http://www.example.co=
m">www.example.com</a><br>=A0=A0 (assuming there is only an A RRset for it)=
<br>=A0=A0 will yield :<br>
=A0=A0 Answer section : <a href=3D"http://www.example.com">www.example.com<=
/a>. A RRset<br>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 <=
a href=3D"http://www.example.com">www.example.com</a>. RRSIG over A RRset<b=
r>=A0=A0 A second query is needed for the DNSKEy of <a href=3D"http://examp=
le.com">example.com</a>.<br>
=A0=A0 It will yield :<br>=A0=A0 Answer section : <a href=3D"http://example=
.com">example.com</a>. DNSKEY RRset<br>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=
=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 <a href=3D"http://example.com">example.com</a>. RRSIG=
 over DNSKEY RRset<br>=A0=A0 A third query is needed for the DS record of <=
a href=3D"http://example.com">example.com</a>.<br>
=A0=A0 Resulting in :<br>=A0=A0 Answer section : <a href=3D"http://example.=
com">example.com</a>. DS RRset<br>=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=
=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0=A0 <a href=3D"http://example.com">example.com</a>. RRSIG ov=
er DS RRset<br>=A0=A0 ...<br><br>=A0=A0 The first paragraph of 5.3 Generati=
ng a Response states :<br>
=A0=A0 &quot;It extends the<br>=A0=A0 Authority Section for the DNS answer =
packet with the required DNS<br>=A0=A0 RRSets resulting in an Authority Sec=
tion that contains a complete<br>=A0=A0 chain of DNS RRsets that start with=
 the first chain element below the<br>
=A0=A0 received Last Known Query Name upto and including the NS and DS<br>=
=A0=A0 RRsets that represent the zone cut (authoritative servers) of the<br=
>=A0=A0 QNAME.&quot;<br><br>=A0=A0 ? does this mean that all DNSKEY and DS =
information and there RRSIGs<br>
=A0=A0=A0=A0 are expected in the authority section of the answer ?<br>=A0=
=A0=A0=A0 (which is a different section than if queried for separately)<br>=
<br>=A0=A0 Perhaps it is only a matter of rephrasing ...<br><br>4) The one =
before last paragraph of 5.3 Generating a Response<br>
=A0=A0 addresses CNAMEs<br><br>=A0=A0 Without tcp-chain-request, when a for=
warder asks a resolver,<br>=A0=A0 recursive query, for a name that is turns=
 out to be a CNAME,<br>=A0=A0 the resolver returns both the CNAME and the a=
ddress it points at :<br>
$ dig @&lt;-resolver-ip-&gt; <a href=3D"http://www.hotmail.com">www.hotmail=
.com</a>. +recurse +short<br><a href=3D"http://dispatch.kahuna.glbdns2.micr=
osoft.com">dispatch.kahuna.glbdns2.microsoft.com</a>.<br>157.55.0.137<br>15=
7.55.0.139<br>
=A0=A0 So, 1 query, 1 answer that has it all.<br><br>=A0=A0 But the one bef=
ore last paragraph of 5.3 states :<br>=A0=A0 &quot;It MUST NOT follow the C=
NAME ...&quot;<br>=A0=A0 Thus this mean the forwarder will have to ask a se=
cond question,<br>
=A0=A0 if using tcp-chain-request ?<br><br>=A0=A0 My feeling is this is an =
important change in the behaviour.<br>=A0=A0 (but I understand the author i=
s hesitant as well, about this paragraph)<br><br>=A0=A0 (no comment of mine=
 on DNAME, I am not qualified for that).<br>
<br></div>Kind regards,<br><br>Marc Lampo<br><br></div><div class=3D"gmail_=
extra"><br><br><div class=3D"gmail_quote">On Tue, Oct 15, 2013 at 10:24 PM,=
 Paul Wouters <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:paul@nohats.ca" targe=
t=3D"_blank">paul@nohats.ca</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br>
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><br>
This is the 01 version for edns-tcp-chain-query-01<br>
<br>
- Moved TCP Keep-alive into a separate document<br>
- Allow edns-tcp-chain-query discovery over UDP<br>
- Clarify CNAME / DNAME - Cleanup of text.<br>
<br>
Paul<br>
<br>
<br>
-------- Original Message --------<br>
From: <a href=3D"mailto:internet-drafts@ietf.org" target=3D"_blank">interne=
t-drafts@ietf.org</a><br>
To: Paul Wouters &lt;<a href=3D"mailto:pwouters@redhat.com" target=3D"_blan=
k">pwouters@redhat.com</a>&gt;<br>
Subject: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-<u></u>q=
uery-01.txt<br>
Date: Tue, 15 Oct 2013 10:21:52 -0700<br>
<br>
A new version of I-D, draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-<u></u>query-01.txt<br>
has been successfully submitted by Paul Wouters and posted to the<br>
IETF repository.<br>
<br>
Filename: =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-<u></u>query<br>
Revision: =A0 =A0 =A0 =A001<br>
Title: =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 TCP chain query requests in DNS<br>
Creation date: =A0 2013-10-15<br>
Group: =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Individual Submission<br>
Number of pages: 15<br>
URL: =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 <a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts=
/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-01.txt" target=3D"_blank">http://www.ie=
tf.org/internet-<u></u>drafts/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-<u></u>chain-query-01.=
txt</a><br>

Status: =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0<a href=3D"http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft=
-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query" target=3D"_blank">http://datatracker.ietf.or=
g/<u></u>doc/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-<u></u>chain-query</a><br>
Htmlized: =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0<a href=3D"http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wouter=
s-edns-tcp-chain-query-01" target=3D"_blank">http://tools.ietf.org/html/<u>=
</u>draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-<u></u>query-01</a><br>
Diff: =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0<a href=3D"http://www.ietf.org/rfcdiff?url2=3D=
draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-01" target=3D"_blank">http://www.ietf.or=
g/rfcdiff?<u></u>url2=3Ddraft-wouters-edns-tcp-<u></u>chain-query-01</a><br=
>
<br>
Abstract:<br>
=A0 =A0This document defines an EDNS0 extension that can be used by a DNSSE=
C<br>
=A0 =A0enabled Recursive Nameserver configured as a forwarder to send a<br>
=A0 =A0single query over TCP requesting to receive a complete validation<br=
>
=A0 =A0path along with the regular query answer.<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
Please note that it may take a couple of minutes from the time of submissio=
n<br>
until the htmlized version and diff are available at <a href=3D"http://tool=
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From paul@nohats.ca  Wed Oct 23 07:32:44 2013
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Date: Wed, 23 Oct 2013 10:32:18 -0400 (EDT)
From: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
To: Marc Lampo <marc.lampo.ietf@gmail.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-01.txt (fwd)
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On Wed, 23 Oct 2013, Marc Lampo wrote:

> First off :
> I remember a presentation of Cricket Liu, author of DNS & Bind, Infoblox,
> where the overhead of DNSSEC overall is not dramatic.
> The very first time, when a cache is emtpy, several queries are needed
> of course, but the answers are cached and may not need to be queried for
> afterwards (for as long as they live in the cache).

That is true for a dnssec resolver on the internet core, but not for a
dnssec resolver on a handheld device where latency is very high.

Organisation such as google don't like DNSSEC because of two reasons:
1) they dont trust port 53 is clean enough
    (they rolled out Google DNS)
2) Every RTT matters, and DNSSEC adds too many
    (google experiments with dnssec chains in X.509 attributes that come
     into the browser via TLS without extra RTTs)

This draft is attempting to solve 2) by keeping DNS in DNS

> So, probably the first DNS query with tcp-chain saves overhead/bytes/RTT,
> but does the gain persist afterwards ?
> Staying with the first example, 9.1, Simple query for example.com.
> 
>  Suppose this query, for www.example.com.,
>  is followed by a second query for the MX record of example.com.
> 
>  After the first query, with or without tcp-chain-query, the forwarder
>  will have the DNSKEY(s) of example.com. loaded in its cache.
>  So :
>  with tcp-chain-query, the query for the MX records, would specify
>   "example.com." as last known query name.
>  without tcp-chain-query, the query for the MX records would not be followed
>   by any subsequent query (because the required DNSKEY info is already there)

It's not the gain so much for querying multiple records of the same
QNAME. It's a web page with 20 different QNAMEs all using their own set
of NS records, DNSKEY/DS records and A/AAAA records, where often the
A/AAAA records are different from the NS/DS records, requiring a broad
spectrum of queries to resolve.

> I would propose that more examples are provided,
> not to focus exclusively on a "first query when the cache is empty".

Sure. I will look at making the examples section more clear.

> When calculating the gain, the numbers for a second query should be
> considered as well.

I hope I explained above that it is not so much about queries for
different RRtypes of the same QNAME.

> With respect to proposal in the draft :
> 1) In its present version, there are several references about
>    a forwarder that sends queries with this tcp-chain-query option,
>    a recursive resolver that responds with the tcp-chain-query option.
> 
>    But what with a tcp-chain-query to an authoritative name server ?
>     (or : a name server authoritative for some, caching for all others)
>    What with a tcp-chain-query to a forwarder itself ?

Authoritative servers do not contain the information to form query
chains. They are expected to return REFUSED. I will clarify that
in the text.

> 2) Without the tcp-chain-query option, it is hardly possible to
>    create a DNS query packet larger than 512 bytes.

>    (at least I would not know how :
>     header + 1 name to query for (max 256 bytes) + EDNS0
>     cannot be larger than 512 bytes, can it ?)
> 
>    But with the tcp-chain-query option, this changes.
>    As the draft states, in 4 Option Format, that no compression is allowed
>    in the Last Known Query Name,
>    an attacker could create a query with two max length domain names,
>    resulting in a "valid" query, > 512 bytes,
>    to name servers that may not be tcp-chain-query aware
>    and expecting no queries exceeding 512 bytes.
> 
>    I think this is worth mentioning in the security section of the draft.

That's certainly worth mentioning. Perhaps we should state that a chain
query should never exceed a certain length.

> 3) I'm puzzled with the numerous records that can be returned
>    and them being in the proper sections
>    (no offense meant, Olafur, I just don't see it yet)
> 
>    Without tcp-chain-request, a query for www.example.com
>    (assuming there is only an A RRset for it)
>    will yield :
>    Answer section : www.example.com. A RRset
>                     www.example.com. RRSIG over A RRset
>    A second query is needed for the DNSKEy of example.com.
>    It will yield :
>    Answer section : example.com. DNSKEY RRset
>                     example.com. RRSIG over DNSKEY RRset
>    A third query is needed for the DS record of example.com.
>    Resulting in :
>    Answer section : example.com. DS RRset
>                     example.com. RRSIG over DS RRset
>    ...
> 
>    The first paragraph of 5.3 Generating a Response states :
>    "It extends the
>    Authority Section for the DNS answer packet with the required DNS
>    RRSets resulting in an Authority Section that contains a complete
>    chain of DNS RRsets that start with the first chain element below the
>    received Last Known Query Name upto and including the NS and DS
>    RRsets that represent the zone cut (authoritative servers) of the
>    QNAME."
> 
>    ? does this mean that all DNSKEY and DS information and there RRSIGs
>      are expected in the authority section of the answer ?
>      (which is a different section than if queried for separately)

Correct. Like traditional DNS queries, the answer to the QNAME/QTYPE
appears in the Answer Section. Supporting records for that answer go
into the Authority Section. (And possibly CNAME/DNAME following should
go in the Additional Section)

>    Perhaps it is only a matter of rephrasing ...

I will see about clarifying it further.

> 4) The one before last paragraph of 5.3 Generating a Response
>    addresses CNAMEs
> 
>    Without tcp-chain-request, when a forwarder asks a resolver,
>    recursive query, for a name that is turns out to be a CNAME,
>    the resolver returns both the CNAME and the address it points at :
> $ dig @<-resolver-ip-> www.hotmail.com. +recurse +short
> dispatch.kahuna.glbdns2.microsoft.com.
> 157.55.0.137
> 157.55.0.139
>    So, 1 query, 1 answer that has it all.
> 
>    But the one before last paragraph of 5.3 states :
>    "It MUST NOT follow the CNAME ..."
>    Thus this mean the forwarder will have to ask a second question,
>    if using tcp-chain-request ?
> 
>    My feeling is this is an important change in the behaviour.
>    (but I understand the author is hesitant as well, about this paragraph)

See the other thread regarding CNAMEs. We are still discussing what the
best behaviour would be. The issue with returning anything about where
the CNAME points to, is that it could be an entirely different branch in
the DNS hierarchy - the answering server has no "Last Known Query Name"
to know what part of that second chain to return. One suggestion has
been to return it only when it falls within the requested chain.

Regards,

Paul

From tale@dd.org  Wed Oct 23 07:55:49 2013
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From: Dave Lawrence <tale@dd.org>
To: Kumar Ashutosh <askuma@microsoft.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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Kumar Ashutosh writes:
> Coming back to the original question, the migration from contoso.com
> to new_contoso.com is a fairly common scenario. Are there any guidance
> on how to achieve such a migration. One argument can be that the
> authoritative server for contoso.com should not keep CNAME records at
> (.) zone apex. In that case how is the admin supposed to handle such
> migrations and still support Naked domain resolutions. 

Unfortunately the best practice answer here is still to maintain the
two zones in parallel.  "Use DNAME!" should be the answer, but
unfortunately there are a sufficient number of issues with operational
deployment of DNAME that it can't really be relied upon, at least not
during an active migration.  As Andrew Sullivan said, CNAME is right out.

Depending on the hosting server software, there are some easy ways to
keep both zones absolutely in sync.  I realize I'm replying to folks
@microsoft.com right now, and unfortunately my knowledge of MS's auth
DNS service is not current.  However, with other servers (BIND for
example) you can just point two different zone names at the same
master file.  Names in rdata that point within the zone can just be
made to be fully qualified by the destination zone name.


From derek@ihtfp.com  Thu Oct 17 08:23:35 2013
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To: Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Extending UPDATE to add/remove zones
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Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk> writes:

> On 16 Oct 2013, at 18:23, Derek Atkins wrote:
>
>> I admit I haven't read the whole draft, but my question is how do you
>> authenticate and, more importantly, authorize the addition or (worse)
>> deletion of zones?  Imagine an attack vector where someone could get
>> your domain's DNS servers to stop serving your domain(s)!
>> 
>> I think the security of adding and (more importantly) removing zones
>> should be carefully documented and discussed.
>
> I'm not sure why this would be different from someone doing an update
> to remove the entire content of the zone served. Thus I don't really
> see why it should need security any different from the existing
> provisions for security.

Well, if somone can add zones to my server it could be a DoS against my
network provider.  So how do you authorize the addition of new zones?
This is something that's definitely a new feature and isn't effectively
implementable using current UPDATE.

As for deleting zones vs deleting records, you're right that the
authorization required to remove all the records in a zone are
effectively the same as the authZ to remove the zone itself.  I believe,
however, that authZ is usually on a record-by-record basis, generally
providing for individuals to change the A record for their own devices.
At least that's how I think it SHOULD be -- I've never deployed UPDATE.
If that's the case then clearly one could have an AuthZ to remove the
SOA (and thereby the whole zone).

I still think it should be spelled out instead of "left for the reader
to figure out."

-derek
-- 
       Derek Atkins                 617-623-3745
       derek@ihtfp.com             www.ihtfp.com
       Computer and Internet Security Consultant

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Hi Paul

On Tue, Oct 15, 2013 at 04:21:34PM -0400, Paul Wouters wrote:
> As discussed, I separated the EDNS TCP keep-alive option from the EDNS
> chain-query document, and Joe Abley kindly offered his assistance in
> (re)writing this document.
>=20
> URL:             http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-wouters-edns-t=
cp-keepalive-00.txt
> Status:          http://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-k=
eepalive
> Htmlized:        http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-wouters-edns-tcp-keepal=
ive-00

This document does not cite RFC 5966. Have you read and considered
everything in RFC 5966 in full when preparing this draft?

		Mukund

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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Hey,

On Oct 23, 2013, at 10:55, Dave Lawrence <tale@dd.org> wrote:

> Kumar Ashutosh writes:
>> Coming back to the original question, the migration from contoso.com
>> to new_contoso.com is a fairly common scenario. Are there any =
guidance
>> on how to achieve such a migration. One argument can be that the
>> authoritative server for contoso.com should not keep CNAME records at
>> (.) zone apex. In that case how is the admin supposed to handle such
>> migrations and still support Naked domain resolutions.=20
>=20
> Unfortunately the best practice answer here is still to maintain the
> two zones in parallel.  "Use DNAME!" should be the answer, but
> unfortunately there are a sufficient number of issues with operational
> deployment of DNAME that it can't really be relied upon, at least not
> during an active migration.

Geoff Huston and George Michaelson did an experiment on this the other =
week, and their findings were that DNAME support is as near universal as =
they can measure.

A description of the experiment can be found in an appendix to =
draft-jabley-dnsop-as112-dname-01.


Joe


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From: Kumar Ashutosh <askuma@microsoft.com>
To: Dave Lawrence <tale@dd.org>
Thread-Topic: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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Hi=20
Thanks for the quick responses.
The Microsoft authoritative DNS servers prevent adding CNAMEs at the zone a=
pex. But there may be other DNS servers which may be allowing this and the =
validating resolvers are returning Serv_fail, As Andrew suggested.

I agree that CNAME should not be used for such migrations and DNAME may be =
used but *might* have deployment issues. But DNAME has a limitation that if=
 you add DNAME at zone apex then you cannot have any other record in the zo=
ne, except at the zone apex (like NS records).

One more scenario where naked domain issue becomes evident is when the auth=
oritative servers try to point a few of their records at some third party D=
NS hosting services

Contoso.com
{
www 	CNAME 	contoso.dnsprovider.com (owned by a third party)
internal A		1.1.1.1
}

How does it set out to achieve the naked domain resolution. It cannot add C=
NAME at the apex. Also it cannot add DNAME to the loadbalancer.net at the z=
one apex as then it can't host internal records and also resolution for www=
 will point to www.dnsprovider.com

How will such a customer ensure that both www.contoso.com and contoso.com g=
et pointed to contoso.provider.com.

Much appreciated!
Thanks
Ashu



-----Original Message-----
From: Dave Lawrence [mailto:tale@dd.org]=20
Sent: Wednesday, October 23, 2013 8:25 PM
To: Kumar Ashutosh
Cc: Sourav Sain; dnsext@ietf.org Group; Thirunadha Reddy
Subject: RE: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC

Kumar Ashutosh writes:
> Coming back to the original question, the migration from contoso.com=20
> to new_contoso.com is a fairly common scenario. Are there any guidance=20
> on how to achieve such a migration. One argument can be that the=20
> authoritative server for contoso.com should not keep CNAME records at
> (.) zone apex. In that case how is the admin supposed to handle such=20
> migrations and still support Naked domain resolutions.

Unfortunately the best practice answer here is still to maintain the two zo=
nes in parallel.  "Use DNAME!" should be the answer, but unfortunately ther=
e are a sufficient number of issues with operational deployment of DNAME th=
at it can't really be relied upon, at least not during an active migration.=
  As Andrew Sullivan said, CNAME is right out.

Depending on the hosting server software, there are some easy ways to keep =
both zones absolutely in sync.  I realize I'm replying to folks @microsoft.=
com right now, and unfortunately my knowledge of MS's auth DNS service is n=
ot current.  However, with other servers (BIND for
example) you can just point two different zone names at the same master fil=
e.  Names in rdata that point within the zone can just be made to be fully =
qualified by the destination zone name.


From jim@rfc1035.com  Wed Oct 23 11:05:34 2013
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To: Kumar Ashutosh <askuma@microsoft.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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On 23 Oct 2013, at 18:39, Kumar Ashutosh <askuma@microsoft.com> wrote:

> The Microsoft authoritative DNS servers prevent adding CNAMEs at the =
zone apex. But there may be other DNS servers which may be allowing this =
and the validating resolvers are returning Serv_fail, As Andrew =
suggested.

This is how it should be. If a name exists as a CNAME, it cannot exist =
as any other RRtype. Except of course for any RRSIGs and NSEC or NSEC3's =
if the zone is signed. Adding a CNAME at the zone apex fails because =
that name must at by definition already have at least a SOA and some NS =
records.


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From: Kumar Ashutosh <askuma@microsoft.com>
To: Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>
Thread-Topic: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
Thread-Index: Ac7ATe9x4lHsizWeS1mIFJsSspLh5AACqA0AAJVIAtAANWgSgAMPK9eQAA/6YIAAAx4eMAADhJ2AAAC4BQA=
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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Hi Jim
I agree on CNAME behaviour. My concern here is what option does the custome=
r have in case he needs contoso.com and www.contoso.com both to be redirect=
ed to say contoso.dnsprovider.com

Recapturing this from my previous mail
" One more scenario where naked domain issue becomes evident is when the au=
thoritative servers try to point a few of their records at some third party=
 DNS hosting services

Contoso.com
{
www 	CNAME 	contoso.dnsprovider.com (owned by a third party)
internal A		1.1.1.1
}

How does it set out to achieve the naked domain resolution. It cannot add C=
NAME at the apex. Also it cannot add DNAME to the loadbalancer.net at the z=
one apex as then it can't host internal records and also resolution for www=
 will point to www.dnsprovider.com

How will such a customer ensure that both www.contoso.com and contoso.com g=
et pointed to contoso.provider.com."

Thanks
Ashu

-----Original Message-----
From: Jim Reid [mailto:jim@rfc1035.com]=20
Sent: Wednesday, October 23, 2013 11:35 PM
To: Kumar Ashutosh
Cc: Dave Lawrence; Thirunadha Reddy; dnsext@ietf.org Group; Sourav Sain
Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC


On 23 Oct 2013, at 18:39, Kumar Ashutosh <askuma@microsoft.com> wrote:

> The Microsoft authoritative DNS servers prevent adding CNAMEs at the zone=
 apex. But there may be other DNS servers which may be allowing this and th=
e validating resolvers are returning Serv_fail, As Andrew suggested.

This is how it should be. If a name exists as a CNAME, it cannot exist as a=
ny other RRtype. Except of course for any RRSIGs and NSEC or NSEC3's if the=
 zone is signed. Adding a CNAME at the zone apex fails because that name mu=
st at by definition already have at least a SOA and some NS records.


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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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Kumar Ashutosh writes:
> I agree on CNAME behaviour. My concern here is what option does the
> customer have in case he needs contoso.com and www.contoso.com both to
> be redirected to say contoso.dnsprovider.com 

The customer in this case needs special handling by the authoritative
server to hand out address records at the apex instead.  Several DNS
providers handle this in their own software; for example, Akamai has a
feature called "toplevel name redirection" to do it.  DNS Made Easy
has what they call an "ANAME record", described at
http://www.dnsmadeeasy.com/services/aname-records/.  It isn't really
an IETF/IANA acknowledged DNS record, but rather just the way they
describe how to configure it into their system.

This is a fundamental limitation of the DNS protocol.  To achieve the
desired effect you must use some mechanism that is outside the scope
of current DNS standards documents.



From askuma@microsoft.com  Wed Oct 23 12:20:33 2013
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From: Kumar Ashutosh <askuma@microsoft.com>
To: Dave Lawrence <tale@dd.org>
Thread-Topic: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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Thanks Dave!


-----Original Message-----
From: Dave Lawrence [mailto:tale@dd.org]=20
Sent: Thursday, October 24, 2013 12:33 AM
To: Kumar Ashutosh
Cc: Jim Reid; Thirunadha Reddy; dnsext@ietf.org Group; Sourav Sain
Subject: RE: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC

Kumar Ashutosh writes:
> I agree on CNAME behaviour. My concern here is what option does the=20
> customer have in case he needs contoso.com and www.contoso.com both to=20
> be redirected to say contoso.dnsprovider.com

The customer in this case needs special handling by the authoritative serve=
r to hand out address records at the apex instead.  Several DNS providers h=
andle this in their own software; for example, Akamai has a feature called =
"toplevel name redirection" to do it.  DNS Made Easy has what they call an =
"ANAME record", described at http://www.dnsmadeeasy.com/services/aname-reco=
rds/.  It isn't really an IETF/IANA acknowledged DNS record, but rather jus=
t the way they describe how to configure it into their system.

This is a fundamental limitation of the DNS protocol.  To achieve the desir=
ed effect you must use some mechanism that is outside the scope of current =
DNS standards documents.



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Date: 23 Oct 2013 19:54:47 -0000
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From: "John Levine" <johnl@taugh.com>
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>How will such a customer ensure that both www.contoso.com and
>contoso.com get pointed to contoso.provider.com."

I've done it by provisioning.  My DNS management software has a hack
that says that one name has the same A/AAAA as some other name.  Every
few hours a daemon runs down the list, and if the target address has
changed, it updates the local name.

This is a hack, but it's the least bad one I know in this situation.

Note that this also makes it a lot easier handle the fairly common
situation that the web server is hosted one place and the mail is
hosted in another, and the web host has no way to install MX records
that point anywhere other than itself.

R's,
John

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From bdickson@verisign.com  Wed Oct 23 13:27:29 2013
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From: "Dickson, Brian" <bdickson@verisign.com>
To: Kumar Ashutosh <askuma@microsoft.com>
Thread-Topic: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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>Coming back to the original question, the migration from contoso.com to
>new_contoso.com is a fairly common scenario. Are there any guidance on
>how to achieve such a migration.

I think _this_ question is the one that actually needs to be answered.

There are relatively simple ways, which might need a bit more work if
there is a need for DNSSEC signing of the zone in question.

There are actually possibly two elements - moving DNS provider, and
migrating from one domain to another.

If you ignore the moving DNS provider, there is a fairly simple way of
doing this.

First, let's be sure you actually want the result to be:

every query for something.old-name.com
	and for something.new-name.com

must always return the same results. (And at some point in future,
old-name will disappear.)

Here's how you can achieve the desired result:
Run old-name and new-name on the same set of DNS authority servers.
Have the same zone file imported for both zones, with all names relative
to the parent zone name.
In BIND syntax, it would look something like:
zone "new-name.com" {
  type master;
  file "master/db.old-name-new-name.com";
  }
zone "old-name.com" {
  type master;
  file "master/db.old-name-new-name.com";
  }

If you need to do signed zones, it becomes a bit more tricky, in that the
name of the signer (in the RRSIG) would be different, and would also
impact DS and RRSIG(DNSKEY) records.
In this case, you could either have a "merged" zone file (one set of
names, two sets of signatures, with the names in "relative" format), or
you could have two signed zone files.

Automating the signing of the zone files, via some kind of script, would
make it automatic, whenever changes are made to the zone (e.g. it could
also ensure the SOA serial number gets updated, among other things.)

On the other hand, if you also need to move DNS providers, you would need
to augment this with something like:
- set up the above, on both the old DNS provider, and the new DNS provider
- swing things from the old provider to the new provider (by doing changes
on the registrar to update the delegation NS set).
- keep things running in parallel for at least 2 x max-TTL
- shut down the old DNS provider's stuff (and be SURE they remove all
remnants, or anyone using them for resolution might get stale data).

I think this is likely good enough for anyone doing what you are trying to
do, and avoids messing with CNAME or DNAME or anything similar.

Brian


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To: Kumar Ashutosh <askuma@microsoft.com>
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
References: <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE4647EAD8D5@SINEX14MBXC405.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <21069.41000.63116.736893@gro.dd.org> <F04702D34F7A2740A330302703120864384C8916@SINEX14MBXC421.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <21074.61535.976353.482373@gro.dd.org> <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE464B6202F6@SINEX14MBXC415.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <21095.58207.781300.353688@gro.dd.org> <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE464B620758@SINEX14MBXC415.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <C94CB03B-44C8-4792-9097-141D812EC01C@rfc1035.com> <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE464B620972@SINEX14MBXC415.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <21096.7524.908259.719737@gro.dd.org> <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE464B620A63@SINEX14MBXC415.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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This really should be handled by SRV or seperate MX like record.

Unfortunately http server operators, http browser developer and
http proxy developers misused/abused CNAME as it nearly provided
what was needed and never asked a appropriate record to say "this
site is hosted on this server" despite MX records existing to do
exactly this for SMTP.

Mark

In message <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE464B620A63@SINEX14MBXC415.southpacifi
c.corp.microsoft.com>, Kumar Ashutosh writes:
> Thanks Dave!
> 
> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dave Lawrence [mailto:tale@dd.org] 
> Sent: Thursday, October 24, 2013 12:33 AM
> To: Kumar Ashutosh
> Cc: Jim Reid; Thirunadha Reddy; dnsext@ietf.org Group; Sourav Sain
> Subject: RE: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
> 
> Kumar Ashutosh writes:
> > I agree on CNAME behaviour. My concern here is what option does the 
> > customer have in case he needs contoso.com and www.contoso.com both to 
> > be redirected to say contoso.dnsprovider.com
> 
> The customer in this case needs special handling by the authoritative server 
> to hand out address records at the apex instead.  Several DNS providers handl
> e this in their own software; for example, Akamai has a feature called "tople
> vel name redirection" to do it.  DNS Made Easy has what they call an "ANAME r
> ecord", described at http://www.dnsmadeeasy.com/services/aname-records/.  It 
> isn't really an IETF/IANA acknowledged DNS record, but rather just the way th
> ey describe how to configure it into their system.
> 
> This is a fundamental limitation of the DNS protocol.  To achieve the desired
>  effect you must use some mechanism that is outside the scope of current DNS 
> standards documents.
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> dnsext mailing list
> dnsext@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsext
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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From: =?utf-8?B?TcOlbnM=?= Nilsson <mansaxel@besserwisser.org>
To: Kumar Ashutosh <askuma@microsoft.com>
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References: <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE4647EAD8D5@SINEX14MBXC405.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <21069.41000.63116.736893@gro.dd.org> <F04702D34F7A2740A330302703120864384C8916@SINEX14MBXC421.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <21074.61535.976353.482373@gro.dd.org> <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE464B6202F6@SINEX14MBXC415.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <21095.58207.781300.353688@gro.dd.org> <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE464B620758@SINEX14MBXC415.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <C94CB03B-44C8-4792-9097-141D812EC01C@rfc1035.com> <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE464B620972@SINEX14MBXC415.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC Date: Wed, Oct 23=
, 2013 at 06:29:26PM +0000 Quoting Kumar Ashutosh (askuma@microsoft.com):
> Hi Jim
> I agree on CNAME behaviour. My concern here is what option does the custo=
mer have in case he needs contoso.com and www.contoso.com both to be redire=
cted to say contoso.dnsprovider.com

Done out of band is probably the only viable solution; traverse the
DNS to find which IP address is pointed to by "contoso.dnsprovider.com"
and add AAAA and/or A records to suit at the zone apex.

(The following code is ugly and untested but should give an idea.=20
 Please copy and use it if you're brave but don't blame me if it=20
 eats your homework.)

dig www.contoso.com CNAME +short | while read canon ; do=20
	dig $canon A +short
	done | awk '
	{ printf "update add contoso.com. 84600 IN A %s\n\n",=20
		$1;=20
	}' | nsupdate -k verysecretkey.txt

On a related[0]=C2=B8 note, when we've got people from Microsoft here, why =
for
crying out loud does AD require a number of A records at the AD zone
apex pointing to the DC's for the AD? Wouldn't it be better to do that
with a SRV record pointing to the host names of the DC's?

--=20
M=C3=A5ns Nilsson     primary/secondary/besserwisser/machina
MN-1334-RIPE                             +46 705 989668
HELLO, everybody, I'm a HUMAN!!

[0] "related" as in dealing with apex A records in a Microsoft context..=20

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In message <sjmbo2norab.fsf@mocana.ihtfp.org>, Derek Atkins writes:
> Alex Bligh <alex@alex.org.uk> writes:
> 
> > On 16 Oct 2013, at 18:23, Derek Atkins wrote:
> >
> >> I admit I haven't read the whole draft, but my question is how do you
> >> authenticate and, more importantly, authorize the addition or (worse)
> >> deletion of zones?  Imagine an attack vector where someone could get
> >> your domain's DNS servers to stop serving your domain(s)!
> >> 
> >> I think the security of adding and (more importantly) removing zones
> >> should be carefully documented and discussed.
> >
> > I'm not sure why this would be different from someone doing an update
> > to remove the entire content of the zone served. Thus I don't really
> > see why it should need security any different from the existing
> > provisions for security.
> 
> Well, if somone can add zones to my server it could be a DoS against my
> network provider.  So how do you authorize the addition of new zones?

RFC 3007.

> This is something that's definitely a new feature and isn't effectively
> implementable using current UPDATE.
> 
> As for deleting zones vs deleting records, you're right that the
> authorization required to remove all the records in a zone are
> effectively the same as the authZ to remove the zone itself.  I believe,
> however, that authZ is usually on a record-by-record basis, generally
> providing for individuals to change the A record for their own devices.
> At least that's how I think it SHOULD be -- I've never deployed UPDATE.
> If that's the case then clearly one could have an AuthZ to remove the
> SOA (and thereby the whole zone).
> 
> I still think it should be spelled out instead of "left for the reader
> to figure out."
> 
> -derek
> -- 
>        Derek Atkins                 617-623-3745
>        derek@ihtfp.com             www.ihtfp.com
>        Computer and Internet Security Consultant
> _______________________________________________
> dnsext mailing list
> dnsext@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsext
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
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PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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On Wed, Oct 23, 2013 at 06:29:26PM +0000, Kumar Ashutosh wrote:
> Hi Jim
> I agree on CNAME behaviour. My concern here is what option does the customer have in case he needs contoso.com and www.contoso.com both to be redirected to say contoso.dnsprovider.com
> 

You have to maintain the zones in parallel.  There's no getting around this.

DNAME, note, doesn't work because it doesn't redirect the name itself.

Best,

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@anvilwalrusden.com

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To: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Fwd: New Version Notification for draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-01.txt (fwd)
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At Tue, 15 Oct 2013 16:24:26 -0400 (EDT),
Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:

> This is the 01 version for edns-tcp-chain-query-01

I have a couple of minor comments:

- In section 9.1, item #10:
        [...]  If it is a DNSSEC validating
        resolver, it ensures that no unvalidated data or out of baliwick
        data is accepted into the cache without having proper DNSSEC
        validation.
  I'm afraid "out of ba(i)liwick" is a bit unclear in this context
  regarding bailiwick against what.

- very minor nit: I suggest using "DNS message(s)" instead of DNS
  packet(s) throughout the draft, because "message" seems to be the
  more appropriate technical term per RFC 1035, and because "packet"
  can be ambiguous and in the general sense would normally be
  interpreted as individual IP packets.  I don't think such possible
  confusion is critical for the discussion of this draft, but if we
  can avoid it by simply replacing a word with another one, it should
  be worthwhile.

--
JINMEI, Tatuya

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From: "Jiankang Yao" <yaojk@cnnic.cn>
To: "Dave Lawrence" <tale@dd.org>,  "Kumar Ashutosh" <askuma@microsoft.com>
References: <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE4647EAD8D5@SINEX14MBXC405.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <21069.41000.63116.736893@gro.dd.org> <F04702D34F7A2740A330302703120864384C8916@SINEX14MBXC421.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <21074.61535.976353.482373@gro.dd.org> <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE464B6202F6@SINEX14MBXC415.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <21095.58207.781300.353688@gro.dd.org> <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE464B620758@SINEX14MBXC415.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com> <C94CB03B-44C8-4792-9097-141D812EC01C@rfc1035.com> <E66B38BB793BAF439EF374F3E7EBEE464B620972@SINEX14MBXC415.southpacific.corp.microsoft.com>, <21096.7524.908259.719737@gro.dd.org>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOT=
TOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt s=
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ROUND: #efefef; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 8px">
<DIV><B>From:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:tale@dd.org">Dave Lawrence</A></D=
IV>
<DIV><B>Date:</B>&nbsp;2013-10-24&nbsp;03:03</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:askuma@microsoft.com">Kumar=20
Ashutosh</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>CC:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:sosain@microsoft.com">Sourav Sain</=
A>; <A=20
href=3D"mailto:dnsext@ietf.org">dnsext@ietf.org Group</A>; <A=20
href=3D"mailto:thirunr@microsoft.com">Thirunadha Reddy</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B>&nbsp;Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with=20
DNSSEC</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>Kumar&nbsp;Ashutosh&nbsp;writes:</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;I&nbsp;agree&nbsp;on&nbsp;CNAME&nbsp;behaviour.&nbsp;My&nbs=
p;concern&nbsp;here&nbsp;is&nbsp;what&nbsp;option&nbsp;does&nbsp;the</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;customer&nbsp;have&nbsp;in&nbsp;case&nbsp;he&nbsp;needs&nbs=
p;contoso.com&nbsp;and&nbsp;www.contoso.com&nbsp;both&nbsp;to</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;be&nbsp;redirected&nbsp;to&nbsp;say&nbsp;contoso.dnsprovide=
r.com&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>BNAME, which directs both&nbsp;itself and its children,&nbsp;may solv=
e it.=20
the draft about BNAME&nbsp;was discussed 3 years ago.</DIV>
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From ajs@anvilwalrusden.com  Fri Oct 25 02:37:25 2013
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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On Fri, Oct 25, 2013 at 05:25:48PM +0800, Jiankang Yao wrote:
> 
> BNAME, which directs both itself and its children, may solve it. the draft about BNAME was discussed 3 years ago.

> _______________________________________________

Yes, and if it were compatible with DNSSEC, perhaps people would have
pursued it.  But it won't work with DNSSEC.

Best,

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@anvilwalrusden.com

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Subject: Re: [dnsext] Naked domain resolution with DNSSEC
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In message <20131025093648.GB12997@mx1.yitter.info>, Andrew Sullivan writes:
> On Fri, Oct 25, 2013 at 05:25:48PM +0800, Jiankang Yao wrote:
> > 
> > BNAME, which directs both itself and its children, may solve it. the draft 
> about BNAME was discussed 3 years ago.
> 
> > _______________________________________________
> 
> Yes, and if it were compatible with DNSSEC, perhaps people would have
> pursued it.  But it won't work with DNSSEC.

And you know as well as I do that it can be made to work with DNSSEC
the same way as NSEC3 was made to work with DNSSEC.

> Best,
> 
> A
> 
> -- 
> Andrew Sullivan
> ajs@anvilwalrusden.com
> _______________________________________________
> dnsext mailing list
> dnsext@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsext
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

From hallam@gmail.com  Fri Oct 25 11:59:32 2013
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Date: Fri, 25 Oct 2013 14:59:29 -0400
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From: Phillip Hallam-Baker <hallam@gmail.com>
To: "Dickson, Brian" <bdickson@verisign.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] The state of DNS support, was Deprecating SPF
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On Sun, Aug 25, 2013 at 11:36 PM, Dickson, Brian <bdickson@verisign.com>wrote:

> At the risk of ridicule, and in the interest of potentially useful results:
>
> Why not deprecate TXT, or at least abandon the current TXT and introduce
> a new TXT code point? And, as each iteration gets trashed, move on to the
> next one?
>

I suggested allocating a dozen new TXT records for people to play with.
Crickets...


The DNS infrastructure world is far removed from the business world these
days.

-- 
Website: http://hallambaker.com/

--001a11c3fba2a10fc004e995595d
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
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<div dir=3D"ltr">On Sun, Aug 25, 2013 at 11:36 PM, Dickson, Brian <span dir=
=3D"ltr">&lt;<a href=3D"mailto:bdickson@verisign.com" target=3D"_blank">bdi=
ckson@verisign.com</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><div=
 class=3D"gmail_quote">
<blockquote class=3D"gmail_quote" style=3D"margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1p=
x #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">At the risk of ridicule, and in the interest=
 of potentially useful results:<br>
<br>
Why not deprecate TXT, or at least abandon the current TXT and introduce<br=
>
a new TXT code point? And, as each iteration gets trashed, move on to the<b=
r>
next one?<br></blockquote><div><br></div><div>I suggested allocating a doze=
n new TXT records for people to play with. Crickets...</div><div><br></div>=
<div><br></div><div>The DNS infrastructure world is far removed from the bu=
siness world these days.=A0</div>
</div><div><br></div>-- <br>Website: <a href=3D"http://hallambaker.com/">ht=
tp://hallambaker.com/</a><br>
</div></div>

--001a11c3fba2a10fc004e995595d--

From ietf@rozanak.com  Fri Oct 25 16:16:52 2013
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From: "Hosnieh Rafiee" <ietf@rozanak.com>
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Subject: [dnsext] DNS vulnerabilities
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Hello,

I have gathered some vulnerabilities in the current DNS security approaches
such as DNSSEC and etc.  We think it is useful to have a survey of existing
vulnerabilities or any new vulnerabilities so that we can address those
issues in other standard RFC.  This is why we plan to write a new
informational draft.  


There is currently one old RFC that address the DNS vulnerabilities:
http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3833 

So, we welcome any ideas about this work.

Thanks,
Best,
Hosnieh




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are your new collection, DNS vulnerabilities, configuration mistakes, or implementation faults?

/bill



On Sat, Oct 26, 2013 at 01:16:29AM +0200, Hosnieh Rafiee wrote:
> Hello,
> 
> I have gathered some vulnerabilities in the current DNS security approaches
> such as DNSSEC and etc.  We think it is useful to have a survey of existing
> vulnerabilities or any new vulnerabilities so that we can address those
> issues in other standard RFC.  This is why we plan to write a new
> informational draft.  
> 
> 
> There is currently one old RFC that address the DNS vulnerabilities:
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3833 
> 
> So, we welcome any ideas about this work.
> 
> Thanks,
> Best,
> Hosnieh
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> dnsext mailing list
> dnsext@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsext

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From: "Hosnieh Rafiee" <ietf@rozanak.com>
To: <bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com>
References: <008a01ced1d8$41885d40$c49917c0$@rozanak.com> <20131025232103.GA19151@vacation.karoshi.com.>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] DNS vulnerabilities
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Hi Bill,

Thanks for your message.

> are your new collection, DNS vulnerabilities, configuration mistakes, or
> implementation faults?

Currently I collected some information regarding DNS vulnerabilities and
some about configuration mistakes. But I haven't included anything regarding
implementation faults yet. I guess it is also good to have a section about
this. 
Any thought?



-----------smile----------
Hosnieh
. success is a journey, not a destination..
You cannot change your destination overnight, but you can change your
direction ... Focus on the journey






From bmanning@karoshi.com  Fri Oct 25 17:32:44 2013
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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Hosnieh Rafiee <ietf@rozanak.com>
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References: <008a01ced1d8$41885d40$c49917c0$@rozanak.com> <20131025232103.GA19151@vacation.karoshi.com.> <008b01ced1d9$e27463b0$a75d2b10$@rozanak.com>
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Cc: DNSOP@ietf.org, 'Andrew Sullivan' <ajs@crankycanuck.ca>, bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com, dnsext@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] DNS vulnerabilities
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 its hard to distinguish an implementation error and a DNS protocol error, so yes, it might
be a very good idea to triage your failures properly.

/bill


On Sat, Oct 26, 2013 at 01:28:10AM +0200, Hosnieh Rafiee wrote:
> Hi Bill,
> 
> Thanks for your message.
> 
> > are your new collection, DNS vulnerabilities, configuration mistakes, or
> > implementation faults?
> 
> Currently I collected some information regarding DNS vulnerabilities and
> some about configuration mistakes. But I haven't included anything regarding
> implementation faults yet. I guess it is also good to have a section about
> this. 
> Any thought?
> 
> 
> 
> -----------smile----------
> Hosnieh
> . success is a journey, not a destination..
> You cannot change your destination overnight, but you can change your
> direction ... Focus on the journey
> 
> 
> 
> 

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Date: 26 Oct 2013 02:56:14 -0000
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From: "John Levine" <johnl@taugh.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] The state of DNS support, was Deprecating SPF
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>> At the risk of ridicule, and in the interest of potentially useful results:
>>
>> Why not deprecate TXT, or at least abandon the current TXT and introduce
>> a new TXT code point? And, as each iteration gets trashed, move on to the
>> next one?
>>
>
>I suggested allocating a dozen new TXT records for people to play with.
>Crickets...

I believe that solves a problem that doesn't actually exist.

The real problem is that most provisioning software makes it too
painful to support new RR types.  A handful of TXT-like RRs that
people will use insonsistently seems unlikely to fix that.


From ietf@rozanak.com  Sat Oct 26 03:12:33 2013
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From: "Hosnieh Rafiee" <ietf@rozanak.com>
To: <bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com>
References: <008a01ced1d8$41885d40$c49917c0$@rozanak.com>	<20131025232103.GA19151@vacation.karoshi.com.>	<008b01ced1d9$e27463b0$a75d2b10$@rozanak.com> <20131026003236.GA19412@vacation.karoshi.com.>
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Date: Sat, 26 Oct 2013 12:12:11 +0200
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Cc: 'Andrew Sullivan' <ajs@crankycanuck.ca>, DNSOP@ietf.org, dnsext@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] [DNSOP]  DNS vulnerabilities
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Thank you again, Bill. 

>  it's hard to distinguish an implementation error and a DNS protocol
error, so
> yes, it might be a very good idea to triage your failures properly.

Yes I guess it's really a good comment to consider in this work. 

@list: Any other ideas?


-----------smile----------
Hosnieh
. success is a journey, not a destination..
You cannot change your destination overnight, but you can change your
direction ... Focus on the journey






From mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp  Sat Oct 26 05:02:19 2013
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Hosnieh Rafiee wrote:

> I have gathered some vulnerabilities in the current DNS security approaches
> such as DNSSEC and etc.  We think it is useful to have a survey of existing
> vulnerabilities or any new vulnerabilities so that we can address those
> issues in other standard RFC.  This is why we plan to write a new
> informational draft.

As was discussed recently in IETF ML, a serious vulnerability of,
so called, DNSSEC is lack of secure time.

In the discussion, there is no practical solution against it,
though some security novices innocently believed GPS time were
automagically secure.

That is, so far, there is no way to have really secure DNSSEC.

						Masataka Ohta

						
> 
> 
> There is currently one old RFC that address the DNS vulnerabilities:
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3833
> 
> So, we welcome any ideas about this work.
> 
> Thanks,
> Best,
> Hosnieh
> 
> 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> DNSOP mailing list
> DNSOP@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsop
> 
> 


From jim@rfc1035.com  Sat Oct 26 05:11:34 2013
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On 26 Oct 2013, at 12:59, Masataka Ohta =
<mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp> wrote:

> a serious vulnerability of, so called, DNSSEC is lack of secure time.
> some security novices innocently believed GPS time were automagically =
secure.
> That is, so far, there is no way to have really secure DNSSEC.

Rubbish!

If good timekeeping matters so much to DNSSEC, there are plenty of =
sources of reliable time. For most people, NTP will be good enough. The =
paranoid might choose Secure NTP. The really paranoid will have multiple =
time sources other than GPS: eg the radio clocks operated by many =
national standards institutes and/or the EU, Russian and Chinese(?) =
equivalents of GPS. The really, really paranoid will operate their own =
atomic clocks.


From bmanning@karoshi.com  Sat Oct 26 05:40:41 2013
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From: bmanning@vacation.karoshi.com
To: Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>
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On Sat, Oct 26, 2013 at 01:11:26PM +0100, Jim Reid wrote:
> On 26 Oct 2013, at 12:59, Masataka Ohta <mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp> wrote:
> 
> > a serious vulnerability of, so called, DNSSEC is lack of secure time.
> > some security novices innocently believed GPS time were automagically secure.
> > That is, so far, there is no way to have really secure DNSSEC.
> 
> Rubbish!
> 
> If good timekeeping matters so much to DNSSEC, there are plenty of sources of reliable time. For most people, NTP will be good enough. The paranoid might choose Secure NTP. The really paranoid will have multiple time sources other than GPS: eg the radio clocks operated by many national standards institutes and/or the EU, Russian and Chinese(?) equivalents of GPS. The really, really paranoid will operate their own atomic clocks.
> 

	In Ohta-sans world, secure hinges on being idempotent from the silicon,
	the assembler, compiler, binaries and data.  If any of these attributes
	is or can be compromised - its not secure.

	DNSSEC depends on time e.g. not idempotent == not secure.

	What really is happening is that DNSSEC is a risk management tool.
	DNSSEC can measureably reduce the risk of bad data.  It does introduce
	new risk, in the form of timeing attacks, but the tradeoffs generally 
	are presented as acceptable to most folk.

/bill

From Ted.Lemon@nominum.com  Sat Oct 26 08:00:37 2013
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] [DNSOP] timekeeping and DNSSEC
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On Oct 26, 2013, at 8:11 AM, Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com> wrote:
> If good timekeeping matters so much to DNSSEC, there are plenty of source=
s of reliable time. For most people, NTP will be good enough. The paranoid =
might choose Secure NTP. The really paranoid will have multiple time source=
s other than GPS: eg the radio clocks operated by many national standards i=
nstitutes and/or the EU, Russian and Chinese(?) equivalents of GPS. The rea=
lly, really paranoid will operate their own atomic clocks.

While I don't actually disagree with your basic point, I don't think you sh=
ould gloss over the problem of the RTC-less home gateway that can't trust t=
he network, or, similarly, the constrained device with the same issue.


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To: Masataka Ohta <mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>
From: Mark Andrews <marka@isc.org>
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Cc: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@crankycanuck.ca>, DNSOP@ietf.org, dnsext@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] [DNSOP] DNS vulnerabilities
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In message <526BAEAE.6080806@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>, Masataka Ohta writes:
> Hosnieh Rafiee wrote:
> 
> > I have gathered some vulnerabilities in the current DNS security approaches
> > such as DNSSEC and etc.  We think it is useful to have a survey of existing
> > vulnerabilities or any new vulnerabilities so that we can address those
> > issues in other standard RFC.  This is why we plan to write a new
> > informational draft.
> 
> As was discussed recently in IETF ML, a serious vulnerability of,
> so called, DNSSEC is lack of secure time.
> 
> In the discussion, there is no practical solution against it,
> though some security novices innocently believed GPS time were
> automagically secure.
> 
> That is, so far, there is no way to have really secure DNSSEC.
> 
> 						Masataka Ohta

DNSSEC requires everyone to be using roughly the same concept of
the current time.  It doesn't have to be particularly accurately
set.  You don't need to run NTP or anything else to keep it in sync.

Just set the clock on your validating resolver the way you would
your wrist watch once a year/month and as long as it is has a battery
backup you will be fine.

Mark

> > There is currently one old RFC that address the DNS vulnerabilities:
> > http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3833
> > 
> > So, we welcome any ideas about this work.
> > 
> > Thanks,
> > Best,
> > Hosnieh
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > _______________________________________________
> > DNSOP mailing list
> > DNSOP@ietf.org
> > https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsop
> > 
> > 
> 
> _______________________________________________
> dnsext mailing list
> dnsext@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsext
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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Cc: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@crankycanuck.ca>, DNSOP@ietf.org, dnsext@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] timekeeping and DNSSEC
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Jim Reid wrote:

>> a serious vulnerability of, so called, DNSSEC is lack of secure time.
>> some security novices innocently believed GPS time were automagically secure.
>> That is, so far, there is no way to have really secure DNSSEC.
> 
> Rubbish!
> 
> If good timekeeping matters so much to DNSSEC, there are plenty of
> sources of reliable time. For most people, NTP will be good enough.

Very good point.

Then, your problem is that for most people, plain DNS *IS* good
enough and that DNSSEC+NTP does not make it any better.

> The paranoid might choose Secure NTP.

Secure NTP does not solve the operational problem of automatic
key roll over for secure NTP itself.

> The paranoid might choose Secure NTP. The really paranoid will
> have multiple time sources other than GPS: eg the radio clocks
> operated by many national standards institutes and/or the EU,
> Russian and Chinese(?) equivalents of GPS.

The problem is that a quartz clock combined with several
transmiters is good enough to fake GPS data.

> The really, really
> paranoid will operate their own atomic clocks.

While atomic clocks are not very expensive, they don't need
them, because only the really, really, really paranoid use
DNSSEC.

						Masataka Ohta

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From mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp  Sat Oct 26 23:30:51 2013
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Date: Sun, 27 Oct 2013 15:30:36 +0900
From: Masataka Ohta <mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>
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To: Ted Lemon <Ted.Lemon@nominum.com>, Jim Reid <jim@rfc1035.com>
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Cc: "DNSOP@ietf.org" <DNSOP@ietf.org>, "<dnsext@ietf.org> Group" <dnsext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] [DNSOP] timekeeping and DNSSEC
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Ted Lemon wrote:

> While I don't actually disagree with your basic point, I don't
> think you should gloss over the problem of the RTC-less
> home gateway that can't trust the network, or, similarly,
> the constrained device with the same issue.

The constraint is in users. That is, most home users can't
configure there home gateways.

Thus, even if home gateways have their own RTCs, they must
synchronize their RTCs with some factory configured external
clocks, regardless of time differences between the RTCs and
the external clocks.

Otherwise, most home users can do nothing if the difference
is large.

						Masataka Ohta

From ietf@rozanak.com  Sun Oct 27 02:34:20 2013
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From: "Hosnieh Rafiee" <ietf@rozanak.com>
To: "'Masataka Ohta'" <mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>
References: <008a01ced1d8$41885d40$c49917c0$@rozanak.com> <526BAEAE.6080806@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp> <20131026205549.B82668F895D@rock.dv.isc.org>
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Cc: 'Andrew Sullivan' <ajs@crankycanuck.ca>, DNSOP@ietf.org, dnsext@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [dnsext] [DNSOP] DNS vulnerabilities
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> In message <526BAEAE.6080806@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>, Masataka
> Ohta writes:
> > Hosnieh Rafiee wrote:
> >
> > > I have gathered some vulnerabilities in the current DNS security
> > > approaches such as DNSSEC and etc.  We think it is useful to have a
> > > survey of existing vulnerabilities or any new vulnerabilities so
> > > that we can address those issues in other standard RFC.  This is why
> > > we plan to write a new informational draft.
> >
> > As was discussed recently in IETF ML, a serious vulnerability of, so
> > called, DNSSEC is lack of secure time.
> >
> > In the discussion, there is no practical solution against it, though
> > some security novices innocently believed GPS time were automagically
> > secure.
> >
> > That is, so far, there is no way to have really secure DNSSEC.
> >
> > 						Masataka Ohta

I guess this problem is also true for any protocol that uses timestamp in
their signature and not DNSSEC specific.  Because the nodes need to consider
clock skew (for at least a few seconds) and this is actually where the
attacker can attack the node (replay attack.... )



-----------smile----------
Hosnieh
. success is a journey, not a destination..
You cannot change your destination overnight, but you can change your
direction ... Focus on the journey



From mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp  Sun Oct 27 21:07:52 2013
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Hosnieh Rafiee wrote:

> I guess this problem is also true for any protocol that uses timestamp in
> their signature and not DNSSEC specific.

Not necessarily. Some security protocol can safely assume
clocks of related equipments are manually managed by skilled
operators, which is not the case with DNS clients.

Then, plain DNS modified to have 32 (or 64?) bit messages
ID is as secure as DNSSEC.

> Because the nodes need to consider
> clock skew (for at least a few seconds) and this is actually where the
> attacker can attack the node (replay attack.... )

If the skew were few seconds, it is not a security problem
for DNS.

The problem is that, without human intervention by skilled
operators, clocks can be very inaccurate.

Then, a compromised and expired zone key can be used for
arbitrary data of the zone, which is more serious than
replay attack.

							Masataka Ohta


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In message <526DE2FF.3040400@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>, Masataka Ohta writes:
> Hosnieh Rafiee wrote:
> 
> > I guess this problem is also true for any protocol that uses timestamp in
> > their signature and not DNSSEC specific.
> 
> Not necessarily. Some security protocol can safely assume
> clocks of related equipments are manually managed by skilled
> operators, which is not the case with DNS clients.

Most people are capable of setting the clocks on their laptops,
phones and other portable equiment which all should be validating
responses.  Most people are capable of setting clocks on their
desktop machines which should be validating responses.

If the router takes a leap of faith w.r.t. time then it just shouldn't
set AD on its responses though should still validate responses.
This is significantly better than not validating responses and
unless all the DNS responses are being compromised will result in
lots of DNSSEC validation failures on responses.

Downstream validators will not be able to get valid answers for the
forged data (as the forged data will be cached) but will get valid
answers for the unforged data (as this will not be cached but will
be returned with cd=1) with a compromised time.  This makes the
attack visible.

> Then, plain DNS modified to have 32 (or 64?) bit messages
> ID is as secure as DNSSEC.

No it is not as there is well known examples of ISP's and hotspots
poisoning DNS responses.  This is not to say we shouldn't be using
larger id's as they will make it less important to randomise ports.

> > Because the nodes need to consider
> > clock skew (for at least a few seconds) and this is actually where the
> > attacker can attack the node (replay attack.... )
> 
> If the skew were few seconds, it is not a security problem
> for DNS.

Nor even hours if signers set the inception time to more than a
hour in the past.

> The problem is that, without human intervention by skilled
> operators, clocks can be very inaccurate.

And the effects of bad clocks will be seen once stub resolvers
routinely validate responses.

> Then, a compromised and expired zone key can be used for
> arbitrary data of the zone, which is more serious than
> replay attack.
>
> 
> 							Masataka Ohta
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

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On Oct 28, 2013, at 12:07 AM, Masataka Ohta =
<mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp> wrote:
> Then, plain DNS modified to have 32 (or 64?) bit messages
> ID is as secure as DNSSEC.

How does a 32 or 64 bit message ID protect you from on-path =
MITM/injection attacks?

Protecting the communication channel does not equal protecting the data.

Regards,
-drc


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How could a "local time problem" lead to using an "expired (zone) key" for
arbitrary data of the zone ?
~ DNSKEY info itself does not expire - only signatures have expiration date
~ admitting a "local time problem" can allow for replay attacks
   in the sense of : "making a validating resolver believe the RRSIG is
still within validity time".
   Do not overlook the fact that the public key is still required to
perform the validation itself !

So, I think you actually make a case for not letting "no longer used"
DNSKEY information linger in the zone file.


Overall, assuming a DNS reply for www.example.com. with a signed but
expired signature,
would also need
  the no longer used zone signing key
  signed with the key signing key (possibly also expired)
(and things get even more complicated if the key signing key has been
rotated as well)

So, there is still a lot of value in validating DNSSEC responses.



Kind regards,

Marc



On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 5:07 AM, Masataka Ohta <
mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp> wrote:

> (partly removed)
>
> The problem is that, without human intervention by skilled
> operators, clocks can be very inaccurate.
>
> Then, a compromised and expired zone key can be used for
> arbitrary data of the zone, which is more serious than
> replay attack.
>
>                                                         Masataka Ohta
>
> _______________________________________________
> dnsext mailing list
> dnsext@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsext
>

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<div dir=3D"ltr"><div><div><div><div>How could a &quot;local time problem&q=
uot; lead to using an &quot;expired (zone) key&quot; for arbitrary data of =
the zone ?<br></div>~ DNSKEY info itself does not expire - only signatures =
have expiration date<br>
</div>~ admitting a &quot;local time problem&quot; can allow for replay att=
acks<br></div>=A0=A0 in the sense of : &quot;making a validating resolver b=
elieve the RRSIG is still within validity time&quot;.<br></div><div>=A0=A0 =
Do not overlook the fact that the public key is still required to perform t=
he validation itself !<br>
<br></div><div>So, I think you actually make a case for not letting &quot;n=
o longer used&quot; DNSKEY information linger in the zone file.<br><br><br>=
</div><div>Overall, assuming a DNS reply for <a href=3D"http://www.example.=
com">www.example.com</a>. with a signed but expired signature,<br>
would also need<br></div><div>=A0 the no longer used zone signing key<br></=
div><div>=A0 signed with the key signing key (possibly also expired)<br></d=
iv><div>(and things get even more complicated if the key signing key has be=
en rotated as well)<br>
<br></div><div>So, there is still a lot of value in validating DNSSEC respo=
nses.<br><br><br><br></div><div>Kind regards,<br><br>Marc<br></div><div><br=
></div><br><div><div><div><div><div><div><div class=3D"gmail_extra"><br><di=
v class=3D"gmail_quote">
On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 5:07 AM, Masataka Ohta <span dir=3D"ltr">&lt;<a hre=
f=3D"mailto:mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp" target=3D"_blank">mohta@necom=
830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp</a>&gt;</span> wrote:<br><blockquote class=3D"gmail_q=
uote" style=3D"margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,2=
04);padding-left:1ex">
(partly removed)<br><div>
<br>
The problem is that, without human intervention by skilled<br>
operators, clocks can be very inaccurate.<br>
<br>
Then, a compromised and expired zone key can be used for<br>
arbitrary data of the zone, which is more serious than<br>
replay attack.<br>
<span class=3D"HOEnZb"><font color=3D"#888888"><br>
=A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0=
 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 =A0 Masataka Ohta<br>
</font></span><div class=3D"HOEnZb"><div class=3D"h5"><br>
_______________________________________________<br>
dnsext mailing list<br>
<a href=3D"mailto:dnsext@ietf.org">dnsext@ietf.org</a><br>
<a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsext" target=3D"_blank">=
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnsext</a><br>
</div></div></div></blockquote></div><br></div></div></div></div></div></di=
v></div></div>

--089e0116037a48a08504e9cf299b--

From each@isc.org  Mon Oct 28 11:40:41 2013
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] [DNSOP] DNS vulnerabilities
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On Mon, Oct 28, 2013 at 04:57:46PM +0100, Marc Lampo wrote:
> How could a "local time problem" lead to using an "expired (zone) key" for
> arbitrary data of the zone ?

There is a genuine theoretical concern here, but IMHO it's unrealistic. 

Imagine some shadowy omnipotent organization has tapped your connection
to the internet and controls every packet you send and receive.  Your
router box (or other embedded device lacking an RTC battery) boots and
requests the current time via NTP.  The bad guys send a forged response
indicating a time in the past, then they answer all DNS queries by
replaying data that were captured at that time: the answers *used* to
be valid, but they aren't anymore.  Now suppose this no-longer-valid
data includes a TLSA record for a certificate that's been compromised
and revoked since then...?

I can't see this as realistic for several reasons - among them, that
it's easily detectable by anyone who happens to compare the clock on
their router to what it says on their calendar, and I presume a shadowy
omnipotent organization would have a strong preference for undetectability.
I'd prefer "provably impossible" to "insanely impractical" if I had a
choice in the matter, but the truth is, any adversary with the resources to
pull this off would certainly have cheaper alternatives.

-- 
Evan Hunt -- each@isc.org
Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.

From mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp  Mon Oct 28 23:23:30 2013
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Mark Andrews wrote:

>> Not necessarily. Some security protocol can safely assume
>> clocks of related equipments are manually managed by skilled
>> operators, which is not the case with DNS clients.
> 
> Most people are capable of setting the clocks on their laptops,
> phones and other portable equiment which all should be validating
> responses.  Most people are capable of setting clocks on their
> desktop machines which should be validating responses.

Because they have buttons and displays to do so, which is not
the case for a home router as a black box.

					Masataka Ohta

From mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp  Mon Oct 28 23:25:00 2013
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David Conrad wrote:

>> Then, plain DNS modified to have 32 (or 64?) bit messages
>> ID is as secure as DNSSEC.
> 
> How does a 32 or 64 bit message ID protect you from on-path
> MITM/injection attacks?

Tell it to those who are asserting plain NTP were good enough
for DNSSEC.

						Masataka Ohta


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Hosnieh Rafiee wrote:

> I have gathered some vulnerabilities in the current DNS security approaches
> such as DNSSEC and etc.  We think it is useful to have a survey of existing
> vulnerabilities or any new vulnerabilities so that we can address those
> issues in other standard RFC.

Another security problem is caused by a fundamental fallacy
of PKI that CAs were trusted third parties.

If a zone administrator is legally forced to disclose secret
key of the zone or forge a certificate for a child zone of
the zone, the zone is not secure at all.

Thanks to Snowden,I can safely state such enforcement
plausible without being called a paranoia.

The problem can be avoided if we modify DNSSEC require
multiple signatures from multiple organizations in several
countries such as Russia, China etc. at least for root
and TLD zones.

					Masataka Ohta


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Hosnieh Rafiee wrote:

> I have gathered some vulnerabilities in the current DNS security approaches
> such as DNSSEC and etc.  We think it is useful to have a survey of existing
> vulnerabilities or any new vulnerabilities so that we can address those
> issues in other standard RFC.  This is why we plan to write a new
> informational draft.

While this is, in theory, a known vulnerability, it is
still surprising that USG actively used it.

Mocana Purges NSA-Compromised Key-Generation Scheme from Its
Popular Nanocrypto Embedded Security Engine
http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20131016005500/en
SAN FRANCISCO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Mocana, the app security leader,
issued a security advisory and announced an update to its
NanoCryptoâ„¢ embedded security engine software
(www.mocana.com/nanocrypto) that removes the Dual Elliptic
Curve Deterministic Random Bit Generator (Dual_EC_DRBG)
algorithm, an algorithm that was previously promoted as a
cryptographically secure key generation method by the National
Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). Mocanaâ€™s action
is the result of recent Edward Snowden document revelations that
the Dual_EC_DRBG algorithm contains a vulnerability that likely
enables US intelligence agencies to easily decrypt communications
protected with the algorithm. The algorithm was designated as a
standard (SP 800-90A) by NIST in 2006, at least in part because
of endorsement and promotion by the NSA.

						Masataka Ohta

From ietf@rozanak.com  Thu Oct 31 01:59:41 2013
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From: "Hosnieh Rafiee" <ietf@rozanak.com>
To: "'Masataka Ohta'" <mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>, <dnsext@ietf.org>, <DNSOP@ietf.org>
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Hi Masataka,

Thank you for your useful inputs.

=20
> While this is, in theory, a known vulnerability, it is still =
surprising that USG
> actively used it.
>=20
> Mocana Purges NSA-Compromised Key-Generation Scheme from Its Popular
> Nanocrypto Embedded Security Engine
> http://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20131016005500/en
> SAN FRANCISCO--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Mocana, the app security leader, =
issued
> a security advisory and announced an update to its NanoCrypto=E2=84=A2 =
embedded
> security engine software
> (www.mocana.com/nanocrypto) that removes the Dual Elliptic Curve
> Deterministic Random Bit Generator (Dual_EC_DRBG) algorithm, an
> algorithm that was previously promoted as a cryptographically secure =
key
> generation method by the National Institute of Standards and =
Technology
> (NIST). Mocana=E2=80=99s action is the result of recent Edward Snowden =
document
> revelations that the Dual_EC_DRBG algorithm contains a vulnerability =
that
> likely enables US intelligence agencies to easily decrypt =
communications
> protected with the algorithm. The algorithm was designated as a =
standard
> (SP 800-90A) by NIST in 2006, at least in part because of endorsement =
and
> promotion by the NSA.
>=20

Since hash functions are used in DNSSEC (NSEC3), I have a section about =
the evaluation of hash functions (SHA1,...). But I guess what you =
mentioned here is really important. So, do you think it is useful only =
to focus on the algorithms used in DNS or just explain the known/found =
vulnerabilities of all cryptographic algorithms because maybe for =
encryption/decryption they might be used in future/ or are using? Do you =
think it will be relevant to this document or it can be another =
informational document only discuss about the  vulnerabilities of =
cryptographic algorithms?=20

Thanks again

-----------smile----------
Hosnieh
=E2=80=A6 success is a journey, not a destination=E2=80=A6.
You cannot change your destination overnight, but you can change your =
direction ... Focus on the journey






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From: Olaf Kolkman <olaf@NLnetLabs.nl>
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Cc: DNSEXT Group Working <dnsext@ietf.org>
Subject: [dnsext] EDNS exchanges in draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-00.txt
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On 11 sep. 2013, at 03:15, Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca> wrote:

>=20
> Filename:	 draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query
> Revision:	 00
> Title:		 TCP chain query requests in DNS
> Creation date:	 2013-09-10
> Group:		 Individual Submission

Thanks Paul,=20

Hereby a few responses after first review.


In 3.3.2 you specify that you MAY include the ENDS option in responses.

I am not sure if there are clients out there that get all nauseous from =
OPT RRs in the responses and I am also not sure if this would be the =
first EDNS exchange where a server sends back an OPT RR in the =
additional section without first having received an EDNS packet from a =
client.

If conservatism is warranted  I=92d suggest to only send back an OPT RR =
to clients that have shown EDNS support by sending you a query first.


NIT: if you are going to ignore the timeout anyway on the server then a =
SHOULD set to 0 for clients is sufficient. Violating that MUST doesn=92t =
lead to interoperability issues if the server ignores the value anyhow.




=97Olaf

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From: Ray Bellis <Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk>
To: Olaf Kolkman <olaf@NLnetLabs.nl>
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS exchanges in draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-00.txt
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On 31 Oct 2013, at 13:03, Olaf Kolkman <olaf@NLnetLabs.nl> wrote:

> I am not sure if there are clients out there that get all nauseous from O=
PT RRs in the responses=20

There are bound to be - I've certainly seen CPE that get nauseous (FORMERR)=
 with OPT RRs in the request, and I've no reason to believe they wouldn't d=
o just the same for an unsolicited OPT RR in the response.

Ray


From fanf2@hermes.cam.ac.uk  Thu Oct 31 12:37:48 2013
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Masataka Ohta <mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp> wrote:
>
> As was discussed recently in IETF ML, a serious vulnerability of,
> so called, DNSSEC is lack of secure time.

I have the beginnings of a solution to this problem. It is based on using
tlsdate, which gets the time from a server with minimal risk of
interference by a man-in-the-middle. If you get the time from several
diverse servers you can be very sure you have the right time if enough
of them agree. You can choose the size of a quorum according to your
security and robustness requirements. Agreement is determined in a similar
way to NTP's clock select algorithm, which separates falsetickers from
truechimers.

http://fanf.livejournal.com/128861.html
 - introductory article

https://git.csx.cam.ac.uk/x/ucs/u/fanf2/temporum.git
 - rough proof of concept implementation

Tony.
-- 
f.anthony.n.finch  <dot@dotat.at>  http://dotat.at/
Forties, Cromarty: East, veering southeast, 4 or 5, occasionally 6 at first.
Rough, becoming slight or moderate. Showers, rain at first. Moderate or good,
occasionally poor at first.

From marka@isc.org  Thu Oct 31 15:51:03 2013
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Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS exchanges in draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-00.txt
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In message <53F00E5CD8B2E34C81C0C89EB0B4FE7368551C8A@wds-exc2.okna.nominet.org.
uk>, Ray Bellis writes:
> 
> On 31 Oct 2013, at 13:03, Olaf Kolkman <olaf@NLnetLabs.nl> wrote:
> 
> > I am not sure if there are clients out there that get all nauseous from OPT
> >  RRs in the responses 
> 
> There are bound to be - I've certainly seen CPE that get nauseous (FORMERR)
> with OPT RRs in the request, and I've no reason to believe they wouldn't do
> just the same for an unsolicited OPT RR in the response.

And such CPE are not RFC 103[45] compliant as the server can put
anything it wants into a additional section of a query response
that it believes will be useful to the client.

e.g.
     NAPTR -> SRV records in the additional section -> A + AAAA in the
additional section.

Having a OPT record in a request is different as the additional
section was expected to be empty in RFC 103[45] query requests.

You can't draw conclusions on how a response will be treated based
on how a query is treated.

Mark
-- 
Mark Andrews, ISC
1 Seymour St., Dundas Valley, NSW 2117, Australia
PHONE: +61 2 9871 4742                 INTERNET: marka@isc.org

From jabley@hopcount.ca  Thu Oct 31 17:38:49 2013
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Cc: Paul Wouters <paul@nohats.ca>, DNSEXT Group Working <dnsext@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [dnsext] EDNS exchanges in draft-wouters-edns-tcp-chain-query-00.txt
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On Oct 31, 2013, at 9:17, Ray Bellis <Ray.Bellis@nominet.org.uk> wrote:

>
>> On 31 Oct 2013, at 13:03, Olaf Kolkman <olaf@NLnetLabs.nl> wrote:
>>
>> I am not sure if there are clients out there that get all nauseous from OPT RRs in the responses
>
> There are bound to be - I've certainly seen CPE that get nauseous (FORMERR) with OPT RRs in the request, and I've no reason to believe they wouldn't do just the same for an unsolicited OPT RR in the response.

Geoff and George to the courtesy phone!

From mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp  Thu Oct 31 23:26:33 2013
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Tony Finch wrote:

> I have the beginnings of a solution to this problem. It is based on using
> tlsdate, which gets the time from a server with minimal risk of
> interference by a man-in-the-middle.

TLS is another PKI and is inherently insecure as CAs can be
compromised.

As David Conrad wrote in this thread:

> How does a 32 or 64 bit message ID protect you from on-path
> MITM/injection attacks?

we should assume local ISP can be compromised.

Then, as compromising a CA is just as easy as compromising
an ISP, PKIs, including but not limited to DNSSEC and TLS,
are inherently insecure.

Worse, tlsdate has a chicken and egg problem. Without secure
clock, how can you be sure that certificate for tlsdate is
still valid?

> If you get the time from several
> diverse servers you can be very sure you have the right time if enough
> of them agree.

It is not more secure than using multiple NTP servers with
plain NTP.

						Masataka Ohta


From each@isc.org  Thu Oct 31 23:37:11 2013
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To: Masataka Ohta <mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp>
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On Fri, Nov 01, 2013 at 03:29:12PM +0900, Masataka Ohta wrote:
> TLS is another PKI and is inherently insecure as CAs can be
> compromised.

True, but Tony's quorum-based approach could be made exhaustive enough
that the adversary would have to have compromised *every* CA.  If they
can do that, I'm not sure any realistic defense is possible anyway.

-- 
Evan Hunt -- each@isc.org
Internet Systems Consortium, Inc.

From mohta@necom830.hpcl.titech.ac.jp  Thu Oct 31 23:37:17 2013
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Hi, Hosnieh,

> Do you think it will be relevant to this document or it can be
> another informational document only discuss about the
> vulnerabilities of cryptographic algorithms?

As I said, it is a known vulnerability. That is, we don't
need a generic new document very much.

However, Snowden taught us that we must avoid any fancy
cryptography strongly promoted by NIST, including all the
EC related ones, which may be documented somewhere.

						Masataka Ohta
