
From nobody Wed Apr  1 10:16:33 2015
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From: Tom Pusateri <pusateri@bangj.com>
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As promised in the working group meeting, I put together a draft of =
configuration parameters and some deployment advice for the Hybrid =
Proxy.


http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-pusateri-hybridproxy-impl-00


I'd love to get some feedback on this. If you're working on an =
implementation and have come across other necessary or optional =
parameters, let me know.

Thanks,
Tom



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From nobody Thu Apr  2 03:48:45 2015
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From: "Albrecht, Harald" <harald.albrecht@siemens.com>
To: Tom Pusateri <pusateri@bangj.com>, "dnssd@ietf.org" <dnssd@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [dnssd] Hybrid Proxy configuration & deployment draft
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Date: Thu, 2 Apr 2015 10:48:34 +0000
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Helllo Tom,

in section 3.1, list item #2 you mention:

"As an example, this could be foo.example.com where example.com is
the domain name distributed through DHCP or SLAAC and foo is the
assigned subdomain."

While I'm aware of the FQDN options in DHCPv4 and DHCPv6, I'm not aware of =
SLAAC being able to distribute a FQDN or domain name in general. Or am I mi=
ssing something possibly obvious here?

To my limited knowledge I'm aware of the DNS configuration options for ICMP=
v6 Router Advertisements (RAs). One such option is for DNSSL(?), the DNS se=
arch lists. Do you have some idea in mind how to make use of this existing =
DNSSL option which isn't yet spelled out in the draft? Or do you intend to =
define a new RA option that would carry a domain name for completing local =
device names, such as the mDNS device (host) names?

With best regards,
Harald

Siemens AG
Digital Factory Division
Factory Automation
DF FA TIP DH NBG
Gleiwitzer Str. 555
90475 Nuernberg, Germany=20

Siemens Aktiengesellschaft: Chairman of the Supervisory Board: Gerhard Crom=
me; Managing Board: Joe Kaeser, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Off=
icer; Roland Busch, Lisa Davis, Klaus Helmrich, Janina Kugel, Siegfried Rus=
swurm, Ralf P. Thomas; Registered offices: Berlin and Munich, Germany; Comm=
ercial registries: Berlin Charlottenburg, HRB 12300, Munich, HRB 6684; WEEE=
-Reg.-No. DE 23691322



-----Urspr=FCngliche Nachricht-----
Von: dnssd [mailto:dnssd-bounces@ietf.org] Im Auftrag von Tom Pusateri
Gesendet: Mittwoch, 1. April 2015 19:16
An: dnssd@ietf.org
Betreff: [dnssd] Hybrid Proxy configuration & deployment draft

As promised in the working group meeting, I put together a draft of configu=
ration parameters and some deployment advice for the Hybrid Proxy.


http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-pusateri-hybridproxy-impl-00


I'd love to get some feedback on this. If you're working on an implementati=
on and have come across other necessary or optional parameters, let me know=
.

Thanks,
Tom



From nobody Thu Apr  2 05:42:19 2015
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Harald,
	You are correct. I was thinking of the ICMPv6 Router =
Advertisement Options (RFC 6106) and iterating over the search list but =
mistakenly thought that was classified as a part of SLAAC. I will fix =
this.

Thanks,
Tom

> On Apr 2, 2015, at 6:48 AM, Albrecht, Harald =
<harald.albrecht@siemens.com> wrote:
>=20
> Helllo Tom,
>=20
> in section 3.1, list item #2 you mention:
>=20
> "As an example, this could be foo.example.com where example.com is
> the domain name distributed through DHCP or SLAAC and foo is the
> assigned subdomain."
>=20
> While I'm aware of the FQDN options in DHCPv4 and DHCPv6, I'm not =
aware of SLAAC being able to distribute a FQDN or domain name in =
general. Or am I missing something possibly obvious here?
>=20
> To my limited knowledge I'm aware of the DNS configuration options for =
ICMPv6 Router Advertisements (RAs). One such option is for DNSSL(?), the =
DNS search lists. Do you have some idea in mind how to make use of this =
existing DNSSL option which isn't yet spelled out in the draft? Or do =
you intend to define a new RA option that would carry a domain name for =
completing local device names, such as the mDNS device (host) names?
>=20
> With best regards,
> Harald
>=20
> Siemens AG
> Digital Factory Division
> Factory Automation
> DF FA TIP DH NBG
> Gleiwitzer Str. 555
> 90475 Nuernberg, Germany
>=20
> Siemens Aktiengesellschaft: Chairman of the Supervisory Board: Gerhard =
Cromme; Managing Board: Joe Kaeser, Chairman, President and Chief =
Executive Officer; Roland Busch, Lisa Davis, Klaus Helmrich, Janina =
Kugel, Siegfried Russwurm, Ralf P. Thomas; Registered offices: Berlin =
and Munich, Germany; Commercial registries: Berlin Charlottenburg, HRB =
12300, Munich, HRB 6684; WEEE-Reg.-No. DE 23691322
>=20
>=20
>=20
> -----Urspr=FCngliche Nachricht-----
> Von: dnssd [mailto:dnssd-bounces@ietf.org] Im Auftrag von Tom Pusateri
> Gesendet: Mittwoch, 1. April 2015 19:16
> An: dnssd@ietf.org
> Betreff: [dnssd] Hybrid Proxy configuration & deployment draft
>=20
> As promised in the working group meeting, I put together a draft of =
configuration parameters and some deployment advice for the Hybrid =
Proxy.
>=20
>=20
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-pusateri-hybridproxy-impl-00
>=20
>=20
> I'd love to get some feedback on this. If you're working on an =
implementation and have come across other necessary or optional =
parameters, let me know.
>=20
> Thanks,
> Tom
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> dnssd mailing list
> dnssd@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnssd


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From nobody Wed Apr  8 01:49:18 2015
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Subject: Re: [dnssd] Hybrid Proxy configuration & deployment draft
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On 1.4.2015, at 20.16, Tom Pusateri <pusateri@bangj.com> wrote:
>=20
> As promised in the working group meeting, I put together a draft of =
configuration parameters and some deployment advice for the Hybrid =
Proxy.
>=20
>=20
> http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-pusateri-hybridproxy-impl-00
>=20
> I'd love to get some feedback on this. If you=E2=80=99re working on an =
implementation and have come across other necessary or optional =
parameters, let me know.

In section 2, I would also like to see legacy browse ptr option (not =
necessarily for all domains); early on in our hybrid proxy =
implementation experience, we noted that many clients require that to be =
functional (and expecting them all to be fixed is wistful thinking I =
think). Whether that would be option under 2.2, or separate 2.3, I do =
not know.

I think 3.1 #2 was somewhat controversial? At least I vaguely remember =
that from Dallas. Perhaps mentioning something about that would be =
useful.

In section 3.1, how about the new =E2=80=98host subdomain=E2=80=99 <> =
=E2=80=99service subdomain=E2=80=99 that showed up in some later version =
of hybrid draft? (disclaimer: we do not implement the separation.) I =
believe the idea was there to have a zone that had ASCII hostname-ish =
names for A/AAAs, and have the SRV records in potentially UTF-8 zone =
pointing there or something.

BTW, 3.1 #3 is cool idea ;) And in IPv6 case, you can be actually more =
clever if you know the site-wide prefix in use; just use the bits that =
distinguish the local prefix from the delegated prefix the whole site =
has. (I guess same could be done in IPv4 too, given configuration about =
what the local prefix is.)

Section 3.4, #2/#3: Are those actually officially required? (I am not =
sure we do this currently) So not sure they are =E2=80=98minimum=E2=80=99 =
requirements at least.

Section 3.5, UDP port - can that be actually be expressedin a NS record? =
If not, then not really relevant unless colocated or somehow transmitted =
outside DNS (we do this in colocated case to keep our hybrid proxy =
implementation from ever being connected remotely and use local dns =
forwarder to forward requests to it, but it is implementation choice and =
therefore not sure it applies here _in general_)

Section 4.1: Not sure this is relevant. If it is, then we should also =
mention that DNS server address(es) has to be provided to client too =
(using DHCP, DHCPv6 or ICMPv6).

Cheers,

-Markus=


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I thought before a new version was released, I would go ahead and do =
another detailed review of the hybrid proxy draft.

Abstract 2nd paragraph
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
	"Performing DNS-Based Service Discovery using purely Unicast DNS =
is more efficient=E2=80=9D
	I=E2=80=99m sure it is more efficient in some ways and not as =
efficient in other ways. Also, it obviously depends on the underlying =
link layer and the transport protocol and security layers. I don=E2=80=99t=
 think a general statement of unicast being more efficient than =
multicast is possible.

Introduction 3rd paragraph
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D
	Similarly, "since even on a single link multicast traffic is =
expensive=E2=80=9D. Again, it is expensive in some ways and more =
efficient in other ways.

Section 2 3rd paragraph
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
	There is a pointer to [802.5] with no matching reference. Add =
http://xml2rfc.ietf.org/public/rfc/bibxml2/reference.IEEE.802-5.1995.xml

Section 3 1st paragraph
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
	After describing in the previous section what is meant by =E2=80=9C=
on the same link=E2=80=9D, Section 3 says unicast DNS domain names are =
assigned to "each physical link=E2=80=9D. The word physical should be =
removed. Another way to say this may to use =E2=80=9Ceach IP subnet=E2=80=9D=
 which could be included in section 2 as well.

Section 3 2nd paragraph
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
	"This Hybrid Proxy function could be performed by a router on =
that link, or, with appropriate VLAN configuration, a single Hybrid =
Proxy could have a logical presence on, and serve as the Hybrid Proxy =
for, many links=E2=80=9D
	This wording is a little awkward and makes it seem as though =
multiple VLANs are required for a Hybrid Proxy to serve many links.

Section 3.2
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
The acronym LDH (Letter, Digit, Hyphen) is not defined or referenced =
anywhere. A reference to Section 2.2 of RFC 5890 should be included.

Section 3.3 2nd paragraph
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=

The example IP addresses should use documentation IPv4 address ranges as =
specified in RFC 5737.

Section 3.3 4th paragraph
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=

	"(In the Apple "/usr/include/dns_sd.h" APIs, using =
ForceMulticast indicates that the DNSServiceQueryRecord() call should =
perform the query using Multicast DNS.)=E2=80=9D
	The significance of this reference is not apparent.

Section 3.4.1 2nd paragraph
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D
	needs updating for DNS Push Notifications

Section 3.4.2
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
	Since hybrid proxies can never know all of the possible records =
in the subdomain, it is not possible to build NSEC next record =
relations. Therefore, all NSEC records learned over mDNS (typically in =
the Additional Section) should be filtered in unicast DNS responses sent =
by the hybrid proxy.

Section 3.4.3 4th paragraph
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D
	"violations optional=E2=80=9D should be "violations are =
optional"

Section 3.5 2nd paragraph
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=

	needs updating for DNS Push Notifications

Section 3.5.1
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
	If the hybrid proxy implements LLQ or DNS Push, it should =
advertise its own SRV records for LLQ and/or DNS Push through mDNS on =
the shared IP subnet.

Section 3.5 5th paragraph, 2nd bullet
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
	"No LLQ option; at least one answer in cache: Send response =
right away to minimize delay.
	(Reasoning: Given RRSet TTL harmonisation, if the proxy has one =
Multicast DNS answer in its cache, it can reasonably assume that it has =
all of them.)=E2=80=9D
	Because of Probing (section 8.1) and Announcing (section 8.3) in =
RFC 6762, isn=E2=80=99t it possible that a hybrid proxy could have one =
answer in its cache but not all answers?

Section 4.2 2nd paragraph
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=

	needs updating for DNS Push Notifications

Section 4.3
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
	Since stitching together multiple .local domains isn=E2=80=99t =
specified, it seems premature to say it=E2=80=99s not implemented, both =
in the same paragraph.

Section 5 1st paragraph
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
	"For this reason, each physical link may have *two* unrelated =
".local." zones, one for IPv4 and one for IPv6.=E2=80=9D
	The word =E2=80=9Cphysical=E2=80=9D is used again here but I =
would prefer to see IP subnet or just link without the =E2=80=9Cphysical=E2=
=80=9D since you defined what link meant.

Section 5 2nd paragraph
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
	Although this section doesn=E2=80=99t specifically say so, it =
seems to be saying do not use the same subdomain name for IPv4 and IPv6 =
on the same link. Since we want to encourage IPv6 proliferation and yet =
it will be difficult to withdraw IPv4, I would rather say it is assumed =
that if you assign the same subdomain name to both IPv4 and IPv6 subnets =
on the same link, you are assuming that the clients on the link can =
handle this scenario. If you have IPv4-only hosts or IPv6-only hosts, =
then assign different names to prevent learning about services that you =
won=E2=80=99t be able to reach. This leaves the choice up to the =
administrator.

Section 6.1
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
	"If greater security is desired, then the Hybrid Proxy mechanism =
should not be used, and something with stronger security should be used =
instead, such as authenticated secure DNS Update=E2=80=9D
	It would seem that there are other ways to provide greater =
security with the hybrid proxy including DNSSEC record signatures of the =
service records, as an example, and so the hybrid proxy could still be =
used if greater security is desired.

Section 6.2
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
	"The privacy of this information may be protected using =
techniques like firewalls and split-view DNS, as are customarily used =
today to protect the privacy of corporate DNS information.=E2=80=9D
	The hybrid proxy could also only provide sensitive records to =
authenticated users. But this is a general DNS problem and not a problem =
specific to the hybrid proxy. A reference to the work in DPRIVE that =
outlines DNS privacy issues might be appropriate: =
draft-ietf-dprive-problem-statement-04

Section 6.3
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
	"Multicast traffic is expensive=E2=80=9D
	I would like this to either say "Multicast traffic can be =
expensive=E2=80=9D or =E2=80=9CMulticast DNS is expensive=E2=80=9D.
	Multicast traffic is not always expensive.
	Also, since multicast can mean link-layer multicast, link-local =
IP multicast, or routed IP multicast, the document should be more =
specific here and with other uses of multicast.

	"For Wi-Fi links the Multicast DNS subsystem SHOULD NOT	issue =
more than 20 Multicast DNS query packets per second.=E2=80=9D
	On a campus with lots of unicast queries, this number seems =
arbitrary. Is there some justification or maybe a rule of thumb here?

Missing
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
	The hybrid proxy should respond to SOA requests for the =
subdomain in order for LLQ and DNS Push discovery to work correctly.
	However, if there are multiple hybrid proxies providing answers =
for the same IP subnet, only one of them can be the SOA and so a method =
is needed for coordination between the proxies.

	As mentioned above in 3.5.1, multiple hybrid proxies can =
discover each other if they implement LLQ or DNS Push and so the one =
with the lowest IP address could be the SOA or some similar tie-breaking =
mechanism without having to configure a priority that has to be =
exchanged.

Other
=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
	If no DNS server is present (like in a home network), but there =
are multiple IP subnets connected to the home gateway, and only mDNS =
queries are made on each subnet, is this scenario covered by the hybrid =
proxy? Or is this just a form of mDNS translation that is not currently =
documented by any IETF standard?




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> On Apr 8, 2015, at 4:49 AM, Markus Stenberg <markus.stenberg@iki.fi> =
wrote:
>=20
> In section 2, I would also like to see legacy browse ptr option (not =
necessarily for all domains); early on in our hybrid proxy =
implementation experience, we noted that many clients require that to be =
functional (and expecting them all to be fixed is wistful thinking I =
think). Whether that would be option under 2.2, or separate 2.3, I do =
not know.
>=20

Can you recall which clients need this? The hybrid proxy spec recommends =
only a single legacy browse domain PTR record for the parent domain. =
I=E2=80=99ll add this and a single default browse domain.

> I think 3.1 #2 was somewhat controversial? At least I vaguely remember =
that from Dallas. Perhaps mentioning something about that would be =
useful.

Yes, Andrew Sullivan mentioned at the microphone that reverse records =
have fallen out of favor. =46rom the context, I gathered he was =
referring to PTR records for hostnames (the inverse of A and AAAA =
records). This is certainly true for AAAA. But I=E2=80=99m not sure this =
applies to specialized PTR records for infrastructure such as the hybrid =
proxy. This is specified in section 11 of RFC 6763 and is simply a way =
to configure things for a campus all in one place and I don=E2=80=99t =
think the same negative connotation of PTR records applies in all cases. =
Maybe Andrew could chime in and expand?

> In section 3.1, how about the new =E2=80=98host subdomain=E2=80=99 <> =
=E2=80=99service subdomain=E2=80=99 that showed up in some later version =
of hybrid draft? (disclaimer: we do not implement the separation.) I =
believe the idea was there to have a zone that had ASCII hostname-ish =
names for A/AAAs, and have the SRV records in potentially UTF-8 zone =
pointing there or something.

Yes, I forgot about section 3.2 of the hybrid proxy draft. I will add =
this.

> BTW, 3.1 #3 is cool idea ;) And in IPv6 case, you can be actually more =
clever if you know the site-wide prefix in use; just use the bits that =
distinguish the local prefix from the delegated prefix the whole site =
has. (I guess same could be done in IPv4 too, given configuration about =
what the local prefix is.)

There is also the possibility of needing separate subdomain names for =
IPv4 and IPv6 if IPv4-only or IPv6-only hosts exist. I need to add this.

>=20
> Section 3.4, #2/#3: Are those actually officially required? (I am not =
sure we do this currently) So not sure they are =E2=80=98minimum=E2=80=99 =
requirements at least.

I thought they were but after re-reading section 11 of RFC 6763, I=E2=80=99=
m not sure. I=E2=80=99ll have to experiment some more.

>=20
> Section 3.5, UDP port - can that be actually be expressedin a NS =
record? If not, then not really relevant unless colocated or somehow =
transmitted outside DNS (we do this in colocated case to keep our hybrid =
proxy implementation from ever being connected remotely and use local =
dns forwarder to forward requests to it, but it is implementation choice =
and therefore not sure it applies here _in general_)

Yes, you are correct. For a delegated subdomain, UDP and TCP must listen =
on port 53. But I should add optional TLS and DTLS ports. The TLS port =
will probably be the same as the tcp_push_port but DNS Push may not be =
implemented so a direct TLS port without STARTTLS could be specified.

>=20
> Section 4.1: Not sure this is relevant. If it is, then we should also =
mention that DNS server address(es) has to be provided to client too =
(using DHCP, DHCPv6 or ICMPv6).

You are right again. I think I can remove the client configuration info.

Thanks,
Tom



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From: "Albrecht, Harald" <harald.albrecht@siemens.com>
To: "dnssd@ietf.org" <dnssd@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: Multicast DNS (mDNS) Threat Model and Security Consideration
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Hi,

just came across a few minor things in the DNSSD I-D "Multicast DNS (mDNS) =
Threat Model and Security Consideration" -02.

In section 3.2.2, second scenario the term "Time To Leave" for TTL should b=
e "Time To Live" instead (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System#D=
NS_resource_records). Albeit I have to admit that "time to leave" has a ver=
y nice ring :)

In section 3.3.1 you write "[...] these services may automatically announce=
 over mDNS both Universal Local Addresses (ULA) [RFC4193] and Global Unicas=
t Addresses (GUA). Since a GUA address is global, the associated node may b=
ecome accessible over the Internet." I think that the second GUA reference =
should be to ULAs instead, that is, "Since a ULA address is global [...]".

Another thing that strikes me is the use of "GUA address" and "ULA address"=
. The "A" in "GUA" and "ULA" already means address, so "GUA address" basica=
lly means a "global unicast address address". Either a sole "GUA"/"ULA" is =
already sufficient or always spell "global unicast address" in full.

With respect to section 3.7.1 "Storing mDNS names in unicast DNS" I wonder =
if there are attacks possible based on leaking UTF-8 labels into unicast DN=
S and thus upsetting either DNS servers, (stub) resolvers, and IDNA librari=
es?

In section 3.13.4.1 what is the security standpoint rationale to not publis=
h GUAs? For instance, if a site decides to not use ULAs but only GUAs (beli=
eve me, there are such huge sites in IPv4 that run their company intranet o=
n global addresses, not on private ones) then this would not be less secure=
 than using ULAs. Some moments before the draft argues with respect to ULA =
accessibility. The same also applies to GUAs. Not publishing something does=
n't mean it's not reachable - this would be a perfect example of security b=
y obscurity. And security by obscurity is known to not offer any security a=
t all. So, please detail the rationale behind 3.13.4.1 and it focusing on U=
LA only.

Best regards,
Harald Albrecht

Siemens AG
Digital Factory Division
Gleiwitzer Str. 555
90475 Nuernberg, Germany

Siemens Aktiengesellschaft: Chairman of the Supervisory Board: Gerhard Crom=
me; Managing Board: Joe Kaeser, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Off=
icer; Roland Busch, Lisa Davis, Klaus Helmrich, Janina Kugel, Siegfried Rus=
swurm, Ralf P. Thomas; Registered offices: Berlin and Munich, Germany; Comm=
ercial registries: Berlin Charlottenburg, HRB 12300, Munich, HRB 6684; WEEE=
-Reg.-No. DE 23691322




--_000_E36F274013087B4EA05E08EB503750390BF63956DEFTHW99EK5MSXw_
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>
<meta name=3D"Generator" content=3D"Microsoft Exchange Server">
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<body>
<font face=3D"Arial" size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:10pt;">
<div>Hi,</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>just came across a few minor things in the DNSSD I-D &#8220;Multicast =
DNS (mDNS) Threat Model and Security Consideration&#8221; -02.</div>
<div><font face=3D"Calibri" size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;">&nbs=
p;</span></font></div>
<div>In section 3.2.2, second scenario the term &#8220;Time To Leave&#8221;=
 for TTL should be &#8220;Time To Live&#8221; instead (<a href=3D"http://en=
.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System#DNS_resource_records"><font color=3D=
"blue"><u>http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System#DNS_resource_reco=
rds</u></font></a>).
Albeit I have to admit that &#8220;time to leave&#8221; has a very nice rin=
g :)</div>
<div><font face=3D"Calibri" size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;">&nbs=
p;</span></font></div>
<div>In section 3.3.1 you write &#8220;[&#8230;] these services may automat=
ically announce over mDNS both Universal Local Addresses (ULA) [RFC4193] an=
d Global Unicast Addresses (GUA). Since a GUA address is global, the associ=
ated node may become accessible over the Internet.&#8221;
I think that the second GUA reference should be to ULAs instead, that is, &=
#8220;Since a ULA address is global [&#8230;]&#8221;.</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Another thing that strikes me is the use of &#8220;GUA address&#8221; =
and &#8220;ULA address&#8221;. The &#8220;A&#8221; in &#8220;GUA&#8221; and=
 &#8220;ULA&#8221; already means address, so &#8220;GUA address&#8221; basi=
cally means a &#8220;global unicast address address&#8221;. Either a sole &=
#8220;GUA&#8221;/&#8221;ULA&#8221; is already sufficient or always
spell &#8220;global unicast address&#8221; in full.</div>
<div><font face=3D"Calibri" size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;">&nbs=
p;</span></font></div>
<div>With respect to section 3.7.1 &#8220;Storing mDNS names in unicast DNS=
&#8221; I wonder if there are attacks possible based on leaking UTF-8 label=
s into unicast DNS and thus upsetting either DNS servers, (stub) resolvers,=
 and IDNA libraries?</div>
<div><font face=3D"Calibri" size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;">&nbs=
p;</span></font></div>
<div>In section 3.13.4.1 what is the security standpoint rationale to not p=
ublish GUAs? For instance, if a site decides to not use ULAs but only GUAs =
(believe me, there are such huge sites in IPv4 that run their company intra=
net on global addresses, not on
private ones) then this would not be less secure than using ULAs. Some mome=
nts before the draft argues with respect to ULA accessibility. The same als=
o applies to GUAs. Not publishing something doesn&#8217;t mean it&#8217;s n=
ot reachable &#8211; this would be a perfect example
of security by obscurity. And security by obscurity is known to not offer a=
ny security at all. So, please detail the rationale behind 3.13.4.1 and it =
focusing on ULA only.</div>
<div><font face=3D"Calibri" size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;">&nbs=
p;</span></font></div>
<div>Best regards,</div>
<div>Harald Albrecht</div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div>Siemens AG</div>
<div>Digital Factory Division</div>
<div>Gleiwitzer Str. 555</div>
<div>90475 Nuernberg, Germany </div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div><font size=3D"1"><span style=3D"font-size:8pt;">Siemens Aktiengesellsc=
haft: Chairman of the Supervisory Board: Gerhard Cromme; Managing Board: Jo=
e Kaeser, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer; Roland Busch, Li=
sa Davis, Klaus Helmrich, Janina Kugel,
Siegfried Russwurm, Ralf P. Thomas; Registered offices: Berlin and Munich, =
Germany; Commercial registries: Berlin Charlottenburg, HRB 12300, Munich, H=
RB 6684; WEEE-Reg.-No. DE 23691322</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Calibri" size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;">&nbs=
p;</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Calibri" size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;">&nbs=
p;</span></font></div>
<div><font face=3D"Calibri" size=3D"2"><span style=3D"font-size:11pt;">&nbs=
p;</span></font></div>
</span></font>
</body>
</html>

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From nobody Wed Apr 15 13:38:32 2015
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Date: Wed, 15 Apr 2015 16:38:26 -0400
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@anvilwalrusden.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnssd] Hybrid Proxy configuration & deployment draft
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On Fri, Apr 10, 2015 at 09:53:55PM -0400, Tom Pusateri wrote:
> 
> > I think 3.1 #2 was somewhat controversial? At least I vaguely remember that from Dallas. Perhaps mentioning something about that would be useful.
> 
> Yes, Andrew Sullivan mentioned at the microphone that reverse records have fallen out of favor. From the context, I gathered he was referring to PTR records for hostnames (the inverse of A and AAAA records). This is certainly true for AAAA. But I’m not sure this applies to specialized PTR records for infrastructure such as the hybrid proxy. This is specified in section 11 of RFC 6763 and is simply a way to configure things for a campus all in one place and I don’t think the same negative connotation of PTR records applies in all cases. Maybe Andrew could chime in and expand?
> 

I think you're right.  My dim memory (and I'm sorry, by Dallas was a
bit of a whirlwind) tells me that the discussion left me thinking you
were going to be able to do forward-reverse matching in order to get
some kind of assurance of something.  The only point that I was trying
to make is that the reverse tree is not that reliable.  PTR records in
general work just fine, and certainly if you're setting up SD you can
use them and the'll work.

A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@anvilwalrusden.com


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From: "Hosnieh Rafiee" <ietf@rozanak.com>
To: "'Albrecht, Harald'" <harald.albrecht@siemens.com>
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Subject: Re: [dnssd] Multicast DNS (mDNS) Threat Model and Security Consideration
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Hi Harald,

Thanks a lot for your comments and deep review. I will apply them in next
version. 

> 
> Hi,
> 
> just came across a few minor things in the DNSSD I-D "Multicast DNS (mDNS)
> Threat Model and Security Consideration" -02.
> 
> In section 3.2.2, second scenario the term "Time To Leave" for TTL should
be
> "Time To Live" instead
> (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System#DNS_resource_records
> <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domain_Name_System#DNS_resource_records
> > ). Albeit I have to admit that "time to leave" has a very nice ring :)

OMG... it made me smile too... what a funny mistake I did.. :-) .

> 
> In section 3.3.1 you write "[.] these services may automatically announce
> over mDNS both Universal Local Addresses (ULA) [RFC4193] and Global
> Unicast Addresses (GUA). Since a GUA address is global, the associated
node
> may become accessible over the Internet." I think that the second GUA
> reference should be to ULAs instead, that is, "Since a ULA address is
global
> [.]".

True if the router is not configured to not route ULAs by default.
I guess I have a lot of nits in this version... Unique Local addresses...
(you're right universal and global are the same..)

> Another thing that strikes me is the use of "GUA address" and "ULA
address".
> The "A" in "GUA" and "ULA" already means address, so "GUA address"
> basically means a "global unicast address address". Either a sole
"GUA"/"ULA"
> is already sufficient or always spell "global unicast address" in full.

True!

> With respect to section 3.7.1 "Storing mDNS names in unicast DNS" I wonder
if
> there are attacks possible based on leaking UTF-8 labels into unicast DNS
and
> thus upsetting either DNS servers, (stub) resolvers, and IDNA libraries?

I think it is possible to fool a human with different similar characters
(possible phishing) in case a DNS server also accepts non-ASCII chars. But
not sure this can make any problem for a DNS server itself  when the DNS
implementation checks the exact matching of a query name. So, this really
depends on the implementation of a DNS server.

> In section 3.13.4.1 what is the security standpoint rationale to not
publish
> GUAs? For instance, if a site decides to not use ULAs but only GUAs
(believe
> me, there are such huge sites in IPv4 that run their company intranet on
> global addresses, not on private ones) then this would not be less secure
than
> using ULAs. Some moments before the draft argues with respect to ULA
> accessibility. The same also applies to GUAs. Not publishing something
doesn't
> mean it's not reachable - this would be a perfect example of security by
> obscurity. And security by obscurity is known to not offer any security at
all.
> So, please detail the rationale behind 3.13.4.1 and it focusing on ULA
only.
> 

Maybe for a website, it is less critical to separate the local and global.
However, many companies make their high critical resources only available
internally to make the risk lower. I think for services (like printer, fax,
etc.) in the network it is critical to consider a clear scope. The scope can
be also global but might be limited to only a certain range of external IP
addresses. This is, of course, what might not be possible to define in the
service itself, but in the security devices of a network that offers this
service (like a firewall, or even a router to only route certain range of
external IP to a service or not route the service responses to certain range
of IP addresses), this is possible.

This is because there might be high risk, if the range of IPv6 addresses is
already known or there is available method to know which IPv6 address is in
use in a target network. This gives an attacker a possibility to gain access
to , e.g., a fax machine and sends his own faxes with the cost of others! .
Although the fax machine is considered to have an access list but usually
such devices have a low memory and very light OS that might support weak
security. Unfortunately, such devices also might support a web user
interface that even might not support SSL protocol... so attractive for an
attacker!

 When the IP address is local and it is not routed outside of its local
range, then the risk of attacks on a service is lower. Because an attacker
needs to be in the exact local network of this service so that it can abuse
this service.  this is more difficult than when considering the case that an
attacker is located in his own home or a coffeenet close to his home and
tries to find a free fax machine on a internet. 

So what I would like to highlight here is that the definition of scope is
really important. When the scope is smaller the chance of attack is lower.
When ULA are not routable then the attack is limited to only local nodes,
when the service uses GUAs then the chance of attack is higher because it
might allow all over the internet to attack a service in a network. 

I hope I could answer your questions.

Thanks again,
Best,
Hosnieh 


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Thanks for the clarification Harald.

For reference, "on-link" for IPv6 is defined in RFC 4861 Section 2.1 and =
updated by RFC 5942 Section 3.
For IPv4, Section 3.3.1.1 of RFC 1122 calls this a "connected =
network=E2=80=9D.

I think =E2=80=9Con-link=E2=80=9D may be the right term to use. But it =
may have to be defined for IPv4.

Tom

> On Apr 13, 2015, at 4:06 AM, Albrecht, Harald =
<harald.albrecht@siemens.com> wrote:
>=20
> Just a minor note, please see below:
>=20
> -----Urspr=C3=BCngliche Nachricht-----
> Von: dnssd [mailto:dnssd-bounces@ietf.org] Im Auftrag von Tom Pusateri
>=20
> ++++
> Section 3 1st paragraph
> =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> 	After describing in the previous section what is meant by =E2=80=9C=
on the same link=E2=80=9D, Section 3 says unicast DNS domain names are =
assigned to "each physical link=E2=80=9D. The word physical should be =
removed. Another way to say this may to use =E2=80=9Ceach IP subnet=E2=80=9D=
 which could be included in section 2 as well.
> ++++
>=20
> =46rom the IPv6 perspective I would like to point out that on a given =
IPv6 link there are typically many IP subnets simultaneously. In my home =
network connected via broadband to a big TelCo I have four IPv6 subnet =
simulatenously: first, the obvious fe80::/10 link-local subnet; next, my =
own internally stable addresses coming from one of the many fd00::/8 ULA =
subnets; then a global preferred IPv6 subnet; and finally a deprecated =
IPv6 subnet that is due to the overlapping rolling subnet addresses we =
get over here with those "All-IP" broadband access.
>=20
> So in IPv6 territory we often can see multiple IPv6 subnets bound to =
the same IPv6 link. Agreed, "physical" doesn't need to apply, as these =
may be virtual links, such as IEEE 802 VLANs.
>=20
> ++++
> Section 5 1st paragraph
> =3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D=3D
> 	"For this reason, each physical link may have *two* unrelated =
".local." zones, one for IPv4 and one for IPv6.=E2=80=9D
> 	The word =E2=80=9Cphysical=E2=80=9D is used again here but I =
would prefer to see IP subnet or just link without the =E2=80=9Cphysical=E2=
=80=9D since you defined what link meant.
> ++++
>=20
> I would like to ask for "link" (as in "IPv6 link" as we have a =
definition for that term in the RFCs) for the reasons outlined above.
>=20
>=20
> Wit best regards,
> Harald
>=20
> Siemens AG
> Gleiwitzer Str. 555
> 90475 Nuernberg, Germany
>=20
> Siemens Aktiengesellschaft: Chairman of the Supervisory Board: Gerhard =
Cromme; Managing Board: Joe Kaeser, Chairman, President and Chief =
Executive Officer; Roland Busch, Lisa Davis, Klaus Helmrich, Janina =
Kugel, Siegfried Russwurm, Ralf P. Thomas; Registered offices: Berlin =
and Munich, Germany; Commercial registries: Berlin Charlottenburg, HRB =
12300, Munich, HRB 6684; WEEE-Reg.-No. DE 23691322
>=20
>=20
> _______________________________________________
> dnssd mailing list
> dnssd@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/dnssd


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