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From: "Murray S. Kucherawy" <msk@cloudmark.com>
To: "domainrep@ietf.org" <domainrep@ietf.org>
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Thread-Topic: Phishing and domain reputation
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Subject: [domainrep] FW: Phishing and domain reputation
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Of possible interest to people here...

-----Original Message-----
From: asrg-bounces@irtf.org [mailto:asrg-bounces@irtf.org] On Behalf Of Mar=
tijn Grooten
Sent: Wednesday, November 16, 2011 7:18 AM
To: Anti-Spam Research Group - IRTF
Subject: [Asrg] Phishing and domain reputation

The anti-phishing working group (APWG) published a report on phishing in th=
e first half of 2011:

  http://www.apwg.org/reports/APWG_GlobalPhishingSurvey_1H2011.pdf

Lots of statistics on phishing, such as a significant rise in attacks compa=
red to the previous six months, which was largely due to attacks on Chinese=
 organisations and their customers.

One thing I found interesting, and which prompted me to post about it here,=
 is that only 2% of the phishing domains contained the brand name of a vari=
ation thereof (e.g. paypaI dot com) and they've only seen two examples of p=
hishing attacks using IDNs and homographs (e.g. f=E1cebook dot com) in sinc=
e 2007.

Also, only 18% of the domains used (down from 28%) were registered by the p=
hishers themselves; the other domains were hacked or compromised.

It suggests that phishers do care about the reputation of domains as used b=
y email/web filters (does the domain have a history of legitimate content?)=
, but little about reputation among users (does the domain look like the on=
e I expect for this site?).

I'm not sure about their definition of 'phishing'. This could have some inf=
luence on their statistics.

Martijn.



Virus Bulletin Ltd, The Pentagon, Abingdon, OX14 3YP, England.
Company Reg No: 2388295. VAT Reg No: GB 532 5598 33.
_______________________________________________
Asrg mailing list
Asrg@irtf.org
http://www.irtf.org/mailman/listinfo/asrg

From dhc@dcrocker.net  Tue Dec 13 07:33:34 2011
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Cc: domainrep@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [domainrep] Appropriate choice of identity
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Folks,

On 11/13/2011 10:44 AM, David F. Skoll wrote:
> Just a question that may seem strange or naive at this stage, but:
>
> Who decided that a domain name is an appropriate identity for reputation
> with respect to email?


Unless I missed it, there does not seem to be a response to your original 
question.  The thread that ensued was perhaps interesting, but I didn't see it 
answer this.

At the beginning of an activity like the Repute working group, it's often useful 
to explore these sorts of foundational questions.

They can, of course, become distracting, but a bit of exploration by the group 
might help folks develop a better, shared sense of what motivates the group's 
work.  Getting that into the mailing list archive can also be helpful for other 
folks, later.  (One can also imagine the result of such a discussion helping to 
flesh out the Introduction to a background or framework document, such as our 
own -model.)


So... why a domain name?

He's my own effort to prime the pump on the background for this effort...

In terms of the mechanics of fielding exemplar uses, both SPF and Domainkeys 
(Yahoo!) are early examples of various folk deciding to use domain names, with 
quite a bit of the anti-abuse technical community lining up in support of that 
choice as time progressed.  I don't recall seeing any real controversy about the 
choice, within that community.


Problem with existing practice:  IP Addresses
---------------------------------------------

IP Addresses have been the dominant identifier in the anti-abuse game.  It is 
available at connection setup time and it has some degree of validation, by 
virtue of being supplied out of band.  However there are some very serious 
drawbacks in the choice:

    *  Instability -- Since they are linked to network topology rather than 
organizational boundaries; they typically belong to the organization's service 
provider and not the organization, and they get re-assigned.

    *  Ambiguity -- They often cover multiple users/organizations and therefore 
create ambiguity in the reputation analysis.

    *  Obscurity -- IPv6 introduces an additional, looming nightmare for use of 
IP Addresses as reputation identifiers; it massively increased address space 
provides much greater opportunity for bad actors to hide, by using new addresses 
at a high rate.

    *  Spoofing -- Although not common, IP Addresses can be spoofed.



Choosing an Alternative:  Domain Names
--------------------------------------

Now to the theoretical phase of the question, which goes something like "so, why 
use domain names"?

A passive aggressive response is "what other choice is there, given that IP 
Addresses are problematic?"  It leaves the task of proposing and promoting an 
alternative to the questioner.  As a debating technique, that's a useful 
approach, but it's not very helpful for developing a shared understanding of the 
issue.

Domain names are the Internet's universal identifier for organizations. That is, 
their administration and use aligns well with organizational boundaries. 
Operationally, they have demonstrated superb scaling properties.

Email addresses are the universal identifier for individuals and are based on 
domain names. (Even systems such as Facebook and LinkedIn, with their own 
namespace, are starting to support external identifiers, based on domain names, 
such as through OpenID.)

Choosing an organizational scope for anti-abuse identifiers turns out to make 
things dramatically more tractable operationally.  In addition, it seems to line 
up better in terms of distinguishing boundaries of trust and abuse.

Domain names have a rich OA&M base, which provides a very high point of 
departure for a new application, such as reputation work.  Lots of software, 
services and procedures can be re-used.


What have I missed?

d/
-- 

   Dave Crocker
   Brandenburg InternetWorking
   bbiw.net

From dfs@roaringpenguin.com  Tue Dec 13 07:55:50 2011
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From: "David F. Skoll" <dfs@roaringpenguin.com>
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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Appropriate choice of identity
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On Tue, 13 Dec 2011 07:33:24 -0800
Dave CROCKER <dhc@dcrocker.net> wrote:

> He's my own effort to prime the pump on the background for this
> effort...

[... Excellent argument ...]

> Choosing an organizational scope for anti-abuse identifiers turns out
> to make things dramatically more tractable operationally.  In
> addition, it seems to line up better in terms of distinguishing
> boundaries of trust and abuse.

Thanks, that's what I was looking for.  But there's one thing about domain
names that makes them a problem: They are extremely cheap.  So what will
happen in practice is that domain names will end up being lumped into three
reputation classes:

1) A few very good reputation domains (paypal.com, ebay.com,
   big-bank.example.com, etc.) run by large institutions with a vested
   interest in keeping their reputations good and in using
   technologies like DKIM and SPF to reduce the chances of someone
   else successfully spoofing the domain.

2) A few neutral domains (hotmail.com, yahoo.com, gmail.com) that offer
   services to large numbers of users and can't really control what they do.

3) A vast population of domains with unknown reputations.

Now, (1) and (2) are certainly useful, but my feeling is that IP
address reputation will continue to be used extensively because it's
more expensive to obtain an IP address (even an IPv6 block) than a
domain and relatively expensive to change it frequently---you either
have to have money or a botnet.

Also, there's a danger that people will become suspicious of domains
in (3) and start penalizing small/unknown domains without a sound
basis for doing so.

Regards,

David.

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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Appropriate choice of identity
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On 12/13/2011 7:55 AM, David F. Skoll wrote:
>        But there's one thing about domain
> names that makes them a problem: They are extremely cheap.

Interesting point.  In effect, this particular downside is equivalent for domain 
names and IPv6 addresses, in that the namespace is so large a new name could 
plausibly be used with each new message.


> 1) A few very good reputation domains (paypal.com, ebay.com,
>     big-bank.example.com, etc.) run by large institutions with a vested
...
> 2) A few neutral domains (hotmail.com, yahoo.com, gmail.com) that offer
>     services to large numbers of users and can't really control what they do.
>
> 3) A vast population of domains with unknown reputations.

This presumes that the mass of organizations who host their own mail -- or, 
rather, who send mail under their own domain name -- will not develop their own, 
stable reputation.

By way of example, I've sent mail under bbiw.net and dcrocker.net for 
considerably more than a decade.  I'd expect that to have established the 
reputations of the two domains quite solidly, one way or the other.  I don't 
know whether their are thousands or millions of equivalent domains, but I 
suspect my example applies to most such domains.


> Now, (1) and (2) are certainly useful, but my feeling is that IP
> address reputation will continue to be used extensively because it's
> more expensive to obtain an IP address (even an IPv6 block) than a
> domain and relatively expensive to change it frequently---you either
> have to have money or a botnet.

Predicting the future is always a challenge, since there are so many reasonable 
scenarios.  You are offering one; I think it's plausible but not necessarily 
correct.  At a minimum, the line of concern you are raising highlights the need 
for an effort like this to be extremely careful and clear to make the case for 
its value proposition over alternatives.


> Also, there's a danger that people will become suspicious of domains
> in (3) and start penalizing small/unknown domains without a sound
> basis for doing so.

You think the market of mail receivers might act emotionally?  Wow, that never 
happens...

d/

-- 

   Dave Crocker
   Brandenburg InternetWorking
   bbiw.net

From stpeter@stpeter.im  Tue Dec 13 08:49:37 2011
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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Appropriate choice of identity
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On 12/13/11 9:46 AM, Dave CROCKER wrote:
> 
> 
> On 12/13/2011 7:55 AM, David F. Skoll wrote:
>>        But there's one thing about domain
>> names that makes them a problem: They are extremely cheap.
> 
> Interesting point.  In effect, this particular downside is equivalent
> for domain names and IPv6 addresses, in that the namespace is so large a
> new name could plausibly be used with each new message.
> 
> 
>> 1) A few very good reputation domains (paypal.com, ebay.com,
>>     big-bank.example.com, etc.) run by large institutions with a vested
> ...
>> 2) A few neutral domains (hotmail.com, yahoo.com, gmail.com) that offer
>>     services to large numbers of users and can't really control what
>> they do.
>>
>> 3) A vast population of domains with unknown reputations.
> 
> This presumes that the mass of organizations who host their own mail --
> or, rather, who send mail under their own domain name -- will not
> develop their own, stable reputation.
> 
> By way of example, I've sent mail under bbiw.net and dcrocker.net for
> considerably more than a decade.  I'd expect that to have established
> the reputations of the two domains quite solidly, one way or the other. 
> I don't know whether their are thousands or millions of equivalent
> domains, but I suspect my example applies to most such domains.

Agreed. I don't understand why good reputations would adhere only to
large institutions.

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/



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To: "domainrep@ietf.org" <domainrep@ietf.org>
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Thread-Topic: [domainrep] Appropriate choice of identity
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: domainrep-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:domainrep-bounces@ietf.org] On B=
ehalf Of David F. Skoll
> Sent: Tuesday, December 13, 2011 7:56 AM
> To: domainrep@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [domainrep] Appropriate choice of identity
>=20
> > Choosing an organizational scope for anti-abuse identifiers turns out
> > to make things dramatically more tractable operationally.  In
> > addition, it seems to line up better in terms of distinguishing
> > boundaries of trust and abuse.
>=20
> Thanks, that's what I was looking for.  But there's one thing about
> domain names that makes them a problem: They are extremely cheap.  So
> what will happen in practice is that domain names will end up being
> lumped into three reputation classes:
>=20
> 1) A few very good reputation domains (paypal.com, ebay.com,
>    big-bank.example.com, etc.) run by large institutions with a vested
>    interest in keeping their reputations good and in using
>    technologies like DKIM and SPF to reduce the chances of someone
>    else successfully spoofing the domain.
>=20
> 2) A few neutral domains (hotmail.com, yahoo.com, gmail.com) that offer
>    services to large numbers of users and can't really control what
> they do.
>=20
> 3) A vast population of domains with unknown reputations.

In my own experience building a DKIM-based reputation system, there are rea=
lly only two categories:

1) ADMDs that develop and maintain good reputations

2) ADMDs for which one or more of these are true:
a) they don't sign their mail
b) I have little or no information about them
c) their behavior is middle-of-the-road (neutral reputation)
d) their behavior is historically undesirable (bad reputation)

Since as you point out domain names are cheap, attracting a negative reputa=
tion is trivially shed, so I don't go to any real lengths to treat a bad re=
putation differently than a neutral one (though if it's convenient or cheap=
 to do so, I do), which is why that second group is so large.  Rather, I gi=
ve sites that earn and preserve positive reputations more access to "me" (w=
hatever that means in context) than everyone else.

It's not the case, though, that positive reputations are granted only to la=
rge institutions.  If you have a history of sending some signed mail and no=
body complains about it, your reputation is positive, regardless of your si=
ze.

And ADMDs that fall in the second group aren't cut off entirety, but they g=
et no preferential treatment and are lumped in with everyone else in that g=
roup in terms of how they are treated.  You have to distinguish yourself.

In my view, this creates a more meaningful economy: It is in your best inte=
rests to behave if you want access to my inboxes.  That means people will w=
ork hard to earn a good reputation, and work harder to keep it.  That promo=
tes a sanitary ecosystem all around.

-MSK

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To: "domainrep@ietf.org" <domainrep@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, 13 Dec 2011 10:48:44 -0800
Thread-Topic: [domainrep] Appropriate choice of identity
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Some of this thread, by the way, might be ideal fodder for our chartered "d=
os and don'ts of reputation" informational draft.

-MSK

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>In my own experience building a DKIM-based reputation system, there are really only two categories:
>
>1) ADMDs that develop and maintain good reputations
>
>2) ADMDs for which one or more of these are true:
> [ they don't do that ]

I think the assumption has always been that as various sorts of domain
authentication become more widely used, people will be increasingly
sceptical of mail that doesn't have a good rep.

Also, it's pretty clear that IP addresses are going to be a lot harder
to use for reputation.  As IPv4 space runs out, you're going to see a
lot of NAT with multiple customers behing the same IP address,
particularly in Asia, and it'll be hard to have a single useful rep
for shared IPs.  Or they'll move to IPv6, where the addresses are
too cheap and it is, so far, impossible to tell how many bits of
an address you can attribute to a single customer.

R's,
John

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Folks,

At the Taipei wg meeting, it was suggested that the group might want to consider 
use of COAP as a transport.  This was specifically as an alternative to using 
UDP or the DNS. We took an action item to pursue this possibility.

(Let's not review UDP or DNS issues in this thread; I'm mentioning them only to 
establish context.)

Can folks comment on COAP, assuming that most of us have little background? 
Summaries with pointers are dandy.  The first goal should be education.

Also, what makes it better than, for example, using UDP?

What is the state of its software packages, deployment and use?

Personally I'd also be interested in some comparison to using HTTP.

Thanks.

d/
-- 

   Dave Crocker
   Brandenburg InternetWorking
   bbiw.net

From dotis@mail-abuse.org  Tue Dec 13 11:34:07 2011
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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Appropriate choice of identity
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On 12/13/11 7:33 AM, Dave CROCKER wrote:
>  Folks,
>
>  On 11/13/2011 10:44 AM, David F. Skoll wrote:
> > Just a question that may seem strange or naive at this stage, but:
> >
> > Who decided that a domain name is an appropriate identity for
> > reputation with respect to email?
>
>
>  Unless I missed it, there does not seem to be a response to your
>  original question. The thread that ensued was perhaps interesting,
>  but I didn't see it answer this.
>
>  At the beginning of an activity like the Repute working group, it's
>  often useful to explore these sorts of foundational questions.
>
>  They can, of course, become distracting, but a bit of exploration by
>  the group might help folks develop a better, shared sense of what
>  motivates the group's work. Getting that into the mailing list
>  archive can also be helpful for other folks, later. (One can also
>  imagine the result of such a discussion helping to flesh out the
>  Introduction to a background or framework document, such as our own
>  -model.)
>
>  So... why a domain name?
>
>  He's my own effort to prime the pump on the background for this
>  effort...
>
>  In terms of the mechanics of fielding exemplar uses, both SPF and
>  Domainkeys (Yahoo!) are early examples of various folk deciding to
>  use domain names, with quite a bit of the anti-abuse technical
>  community lining up in support of that choice as time progressed. I
>  don't recall seeing any real controversy about the choice, within
>  that community.

The initial desire to include SPF was to mitigate spoofed DSNs.  DKIM 
was to mitigate phishing.  Neither ensures referenced domains were 
accountable for specific messages received.

SPF is equally problematic in conjunction with changing address 
topologies as would reputations directly based on the IP addresses that 
SPF attempts to authorize.  SPF also suffers from different intended 
uses.  Those who felt it could play a role against phishing referenced 
authorization from PRAs.  Unfortunately, the PRA or the MAIL-FROM are 
often invisible in phishing attempts.  When visible, it is not assured 
which message element referenced the SPF authorization and that this is 
also visible.  There is also the situation of shared resources, where 
senders may not ensure possible authorization references are solely 
allocated to that of the sender.  In most cases, no such allocation 
assurances are made.

As a result, SPF permits deceptive messages that might be used in 
conjunction with phishing.  In addition, those publishing SPF may be 
unable to defend against possible exploitation permitted by vague SPF 
references.  From a receiver resource perspective, SPF may demand 111 
subsequent transactions to convey all possible IPv4 and IPv6 addresses 
of the authorizing domain.  SPF's local-part macro capability allows 
receiver's resources to attack any otherwise uninvolved domain that may 
never be seen within any message with 300 to 1 network amplification 
while spamming.   A perfect two factor attack to evade detection and an 
ideal way to DDoS while spamming. :^(

DKIM is also problematic.  DKIM does not confirm intended recipients nor 
actual senders.  Company A invites those interested to subscribe to 
their newsletter.  Company B subscribes and replays Company A's 
newsletter using Bots sending to those who did not to injure company's A 
reputation.  Valid DKIM signatures also permit pre-pended header fields 
that can change the Subject or the From seen by recipients.  Such 
changes may deceive recipients or leverage acceptance based upon Company 
A's remaining and likely dwindling reputation.

For SPF or DKIM, defending reputation remains problematic.   The only 
exception will be for those considered "too big to block".  Basing 
acceptance on the combination of DKIM AND SPF would significantly reduce 
delivery integrity.  Basing acceptance on DKIM OR SPF would permit the 
exploitation of either SPF and DKIM's glaring weaknesses.

>  Problem with existing practice: IP Addresses
>  ---------------------------------------------
>
>  IP Addresses have been the dominant identifier in the anti-abuse
>  game. It is available at connection setup time and it has some
>  degree of validation, by virtue of being supplied out of band.
>  However there are some very serious drawbacks in the choice:
>
>  * Instability -- Since they are linked to network topology rather
>  than organizational boundaries; they typically belong to the
>  organization's service provider and not the organization, and they
>  get re-assigned.
>
>  * Ambiguity -- They often cover multiple users/organizations and
>  therefore create ambiguity in the reputation analysis.

Same would be true for any IP address authorization scheme, such as SPF.

>  * Obscurity -- IPv6 introduces an additional, looming nightmare for
>  use of IP Addresses as reputation identifiers; it massively increased
>  address space provides much greater opportunity for bad actors to
>  hide, by using new addresses at a high rate.

Same would be true for any IP address authorization scheme, such as SPF.

>  * Spoofing -- Although not common, IP Addresses can be spoofed.

DKIM and SPF are still more easily spoofed!

>  Choosing an Alternative: Domain Names
>  --------------------------------------
>
>  Now to the theoretical phase of the question, which goes something
>  like "so, why use domain names"?
>
>  A passive aggressive response is "what other choice is there, given
>  that IP Addresses are problematic?" It leaves the task of proposing
>  and promoting an alternative to the questioner. As a debating
>  technique, that's a useful approach, but it's not very helpful for
>  developing a shared understanding of the issue.
>
>  Domain names are the Internet's universal identifier for
>  organizations. That is, their administration and use aligns well with
>  organizational boundaries. Operationally, they have demonstrated
>  superb scaling properties.
>
>  Email addresses are the universal identifier for individuals and are
>  based on domain names. (Even systems such as Facebook and LinkedIn,
>  with their own namespace, are starting to support external
>  identifiers, based on domain names, such as through OpenID.)

The secure use of a domain with HTTP is normally done in conjunction 
with SSL certs and a CA, or perhaps a DANE RR.  There is no comparable 
session based mechanism available for email unless one were to consider 
S/MIME or Open PGP.  IMHO, a new SMTP Auth option could remedy this 
discrepancy.  And yes, that would then mean reputation would be based 
upon those acting to issue messages stewardship in excluding those who 
are abusive.

>  Choosing an organizational scope for anti-abuse identifiers turns out
>  to make things dramatically more tractable operationally. In
>  addition, it seems to line up better in terms of distinguishing
>  boundaries of trust and abuse.

Only when being held accountable for the actions, those who actually 
acted have been authenticated.  This is not the case for neither DKIM 
nor SPF.

>  Domain names have a rich OA&M base, which provides a very high point
>  of departure for a new application, such as reputation work. Lots of
>  software, services and procedures can be re-used.
>
>  What have I missed?

What it takes to impose a safe and fair reputation scheme that must 
include the principle of basing reputation only on authenticated actors.

The many avenues for exploitation are allowed by either DKIM or SPF can 
turn reputations into being highly disruptive.

-Doug


From dotis@mail-abuse.org  Tue Dec 13 12:06:08 2011
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On 12/13/11 11:30 AM, Dave CROCKER wrote:
> Folks,
>
> At the Taipei wg meeting, it was suggested that the group might want 
> to consider use of COAP as a transport.  This was specifically as an 
> alternative to using UDP or the DNS. We took an action item to pursue 
> this possibility.
CoAP payloads seem like a good fit.  Inverted JSON name space as a 
payload would permit simple string sorting to combine parent and child 
domains. :^)
> (Let's not review UDP or DNS issues in this thread; I'm mentioning 
> them only to establish context.)
>
> Can folks comment on COAP, assuming that most of us have little 
> background? Summaries with pointers are dandy.  The first goal should 
> be education.
http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-core-coap-03
http://tools.ietf.org/wg/core/
> Also, what makes it better than, for example, using UDP?
UDP that is not DNS can be problematic.
> What is the state of its software packages, deployment and use?
Largely for facility automation where bandwidth requirements on low 
power networks requires efficient low chatty restful protocols.
> Personally I'd also be interested in some comparison to using HTTP.
http://tools.ietf.org/id/draft-ietf-core-link-format-09.txt

-Doug

From stpeter@stpeter.im  Tue Dec 13 12:13:02 2011
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On 12/13/11 12:30 PM, Dave CROCKER wrote:
> Folks,
> 
> At the Taipei wg meeting, it was suggested that the group might want to
> consider use of COAP as a transport.  This was specifically as an
> alternative to using UDP or the DNS. We took an action item to pursue
> this possibility.
> 
> (Let's not review UDP or DNS issues in this thread; I'm mentioning them
> only to establish context.)
> 
> Can folks comment on COAP, assuming that most of us have little
> background? Summaries with pointers are dandy.  The first goal should be
> education.
> 
> Also, what makes it better than, for example, using UDP?
> 
> What is the state of its software packages, deployment and use?
> 
> Personally I'd also be interested in some comparison to using HTTP.

I think you really want to post this message to the CORE WG, because
they are the CoAP experts.

As I said in Taipei, I just don't see the fit here. CoAP is designed for
use by constrained devices in limited environments like home area
networks and building automation systems. Using it outside that context
feels inapprpriate to me.

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/



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Date: Tue, 13 Dec 2011 16:05:41 -0500
From: Andrew Sullivan <ajs@anvilwalrusden.com>
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On Tue, Dec 13, 2011 at 01:13:00PM -0700, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:

> As I said in Taipei, I just don't see the fit here. CoAP is designed for
> use by constrained devices in limited environments like home area
> networks and building automation systems. Using it outside that context
> feels inapprpriate to me.

I think if you read RFC 1034, you will find scant evidence that the
DNS was designed to be expanded by underscore labels, much less the
expedient of overloading an address resource record type to carry data
about the reputation of a name.  Yet the DNS undeniably is
successfully used that way by some people.  I'd like to see the
analysis of CoAP.

Best,
A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@anvilwalrusden.com


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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP
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On 12/13/11 2:05 PM, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
> On Tue, Dec 13, 2011 at 01:13:00PM -0700, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:
> 
>> As I said in Taipei, I just don't see the fit here. CoAP is designed for
>> use by constrained devices in limited environments like home area
>> networks and building automation systems. Using it outside that context
>> feels inapprpriate to me.
> 
> I think if you read RFC 1034, you will find scant evidence that the
> DNS was designed to be expanded by underscore labels, much less the
> expedient of overloading an address resource record type to carry data
> about the reputation of a name.  Yet the DNS undeniably is
> successfully used that way by some people.  I'd like to see the
> analysis of CoAP.

Then I suggest that you ask something like this on the CORE WG list:
"over in the REPUTE WG we're thinking about using CoAP to communicate
reputation information over the world-wide about identifiers such as
domain names, IP addresses, and email addresses; do you CoAP experts
think that's an appropriate use of CoAP?"

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/



From dotis@mail-abuse.org  Tue Dec 13 15:05:16 2011
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Subject: [domainrep] Suitability of CoAP in supporting domain reputation queries as an alternative to DNS.
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CoRE WG,

Please note, this message is cross posted with the Repute WG mailing-list.

The Repute WG seeks help in deciding whether CoAP offers a good solution 
for distribution of reputation reports that assess various message 
identities, such as those used within email.

The current state of art uses DNS and "<query>._label.<service-domain>" 
to extend queries appended to the service domain.  Often the extended 
query describes a domain being queried along with possible scopes.  In 
addition, information returned is fairly undefined, although details 
might become rather extensive.  These details might include various 
categories known about the identity, such as involvement with financial 
transactions, relative volume assessments, incident reports, etc.

To get the ball rolling, it seems the restful nature of CoAP will work 
well in conjunction with Akamai like services.  Section 2.3 of 
Constrained Application Protocol CoAP, defines response caching in 
addition to mapping between HTTP and CoAP.  While the message format is 
defined using TLV structures, the payload could include JSON structures 
if desired.  CoAP is bound to UDP and offers a minimum MTU of 1152 bytes 
that compares well against the 512 byte message size limitation often 
imposed on DNS.  CoAP includes UTF-8 encoded strings, opaque byte 
sequences, variable byte non-negative integers, URI-Host, URI-Path, 
URI-Port, Content-Type, etc.  CoAP uses 16 bit Message IDs analogous to 
that of the DNS Transaction ID in addition to a 1 to 8 byte optional 
Token.  CoAP can also be secured using Datagram TLS (DTLS).

-Doug








From tianlinyi@huawei.com  Tue Dec 13 19:20:59 2011
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Hi, All

+1

CoAP is suitable for constrained devices but it doesn't mean it can't be used in non constrained environment. There are already some efforts to use it in mobile phone outside ietf. It would be interesting to investigate how to use CoAP in REPUTE.

Cheers,
Linyi

-----Original Message-----
From: domainrep-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:domainrep-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Andrew Sullivan
Sent: Wednesday, December 14, 2011 5:06 AM
To: domainrep@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP

On Tue, Dec 13, 2011 at 01:13:00PM -0700, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:

> As I said in Taipei, I just don't see the fit here. CoAP is designed for
> use by constrained devices in limited environments like home area
> networks and building automation systems. Using it outside that context
> feels inapprpriate to me.

I think if you read RFC 1034, you will find scant evidence that the
DNS was designed to be expanded by underscore labels, much less the
expedient of overloading an address resource record type to carry data
about the reputation of a name.  Yet the DNS undeniably is
successfully used that way by some people.  I'd like to see the
analysis of CoAP.

Best,
A

-- 
Andrew Sullivan
ajs@anvilwalrusden.com

_______________________________________________
domainrep mailing list
domainrep@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/domainrep

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Hi, All

There are already some debate on "lightweight protocol for all devices" or "protocol only for lightweight(constrained devices". I would think CoAP was originally designed for approach 2 but it doesn't limit people to use it in approach one. As peter mentioned it would be good to get opinions from CoAP folks. As one of them, my opinion is above. 

Cheers,
Linyi

-----Original Message-----
From: domainrep-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:domainrep-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Peter Saint-Andre
Sent: Wednesday, December 14, 2011 5:09 AM
To: Andrew Sullivan
Cc: domainrep@ietf.org
Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP

On 12/13/11 2:05 PM, Andrew Sullivan wrote:
> On Tue, Dec 13, 2011 at 01:13:00PM -0700, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:
> 
>> As I said in Taipei, I just don't see the fit here. CoAP is designed for
>> use by constrained devices in limited environments like home area
>> networks and building automation systems. Using it outside that context
>> feels inapprpriate to me.
> 
> I think if you read RFC 1034, you will find scant evidence that the
> DNS was designed to be expanded by underscore labels, much less the
> expedient of overloading an address resource record type to carry data
> about the reputation of a name.  Yet the DNS undeniably is
> successfully used that way by some people.  I'd like to see the
> analysis of CoAP.

Then I suggest that you ask something like this on the CORE WG list:
"over in the REPUTE WG we're thinking about using CoAP to communicate
reputation information over the world-wide about identifiers such as
domain names, IP addresses, and email addresses; do you CoAP experts
think that's an appropriate use of CoAP?"

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/


_______________________________________________
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From leifj@mnt.se  Wed Dec 14 00:29:40 2011
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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----
Hash: SHA1

On 12/13/2011 09:13 PM, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:
> On 12/13/11 12:30 PM, Dave CROCKER wrote:
>> Folks,
>> 
>> At the Taipei wg meeting, it was suggested that the group might
>> want to consider use of COAP as a transport.  This was
>> specifically as an alternative to using UDP or the DNS. We took
>> an action item to pursue this possibility.
>> 
>> (Let's not review UDP or DNS issues in this thread; I'm
>> mentioning them only to establish context.)
>> 
>> Can folks comment on COAP, assuming that most of us have little 
>> background? Summaries with pointers are dandy.  The first goal
>> should be education.
>> 
>> Also, what makes it better than, for example, using UDP?
>> 
>> What is the state of its software packages, deployment and use?
>> 
>> Personally I'd also be interested in some comparison to using
>> HTTP.
> 
> I think you really want to post this message to the CORE WG,
> because they are the CoAP experts.
> 
> As I said in Taipei, I just don't see the fit here. CoAP is
> designed for use by constrained devices in limited environments
> like home area networks and building automation systems. Using it
> outside that context feels inapprpriate to me.

I agree. I firmly believe we should stick firmly to the mainstream in
this WG and that means REST+JSON today. This doesn't need to be more
complicated than that.

	Cheers Leif

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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Suitability of CoAP in supporting domain reputation queries as an alternative to DNS.
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Hi Doug,

thanks for taking to the mailing list what so far has happened mostly in =
the IETF hallways.

To really answer this question, it would be useful to examine some =
documentation about your objectives ("requirements").
Until that happens, let me offer some observations.

To a first level of approximation, CoAP provides the same service HTTP =
does.
If HTTP could solve your problem (performance considerations aside), and =
the problem is simple enough for the simple-minded protocol that CoAP =
is, then CoAP might be a good match.
In particular, requests are based on URIs, and payloads make use of the =
media type ("MIME type") architecture, so different kinds of resource =
representations can be transferred.

Of course, there are some differences to HTTP.
As you note, CoAP is UDP-based, so it is indeed possible to build CoAP =
servers that are completely stateless (not even keeping anything like =
TCP state).
For resource representations that are larger than the ~1KiB size that =
can meaningfully be transported in one packet, we have the CoAP block =
scheme.  This still stays completely stateless on the server.  =
Fragmentation is never needed.  (CoAP-block is not the optimal solution =
for, say, retrieving a video, but variable-size things where a good part =
of the distribution is inside a KiB work very well, with zero overhead =
for the =E2=89=A4 ~ 1 KiB case.)

On the security front, I have the following observations:

-- we completely rely on lower- or higher-layer security if any is =
needed.  Higher-layer security could be object security (think CMS or =
JOSE).  For lower-layer security (i.e., communication security), our =
mandatory-to-implement scheme is DTLS.  Without knowing your =
requirements on authentication, confidentiality etc., I have to stop =
here.
-- being based on UDP, CoAP has the same kind of amplification =
properties that other protocols like DNS have, so Internet-facing CoAP =
servers must be prepared to be implicated in DoS attacks.  (This is =
mitigated a bit by the ease of building a CoAP server such that it never =
responds with more packets than it gets.)

CoAP supports the same style of caching architecture that HTTP does -- =
again, knowing more about your objectives would help us find out whether =
this is a good match.

We have defined CoAP to support REST on simple-minded nodes and =
networks.  The resulting simplicity is likely to bring some advantages =
outside our space.  We haven't really explored that, though (and as a =
WG, we are chartered to focus on the inside).

Gr=C3=BC=C3=9Fe, Carsten


On Dec 14, 2011, at 00:05, Douglas Otis wrote:

> CoRE WG,
>=20
> Please note, this message is cross posted with the Repute WG =
mailing-list.
>=20
> The Repute WG seeks help in deciding whether CoAP offers a good =
solution for distribution of reputation reports that assess various =
message identities, such as those used within email.
>=20
> The current state of art uses DNS and =
"<query>._label.<service-domain>" to extend queries appended to the =
service domain.  Often the extended query describes a domain being =
queried along with possible scopes.  In addition, information returned =
is fairly undefined, although details might become rather extensive.  =
These details might include various categories known about the identity, =
such as involvement with financial transactions, relative volume =
assessments, incident reports, etc.
>=20
> To get the ball rolling, it seems the restful nature of CoAP will work =
well in conjunction with Akamai like services.  Section 2.3 of =
Constrained Application Protocol CoAP, defines response caching in =
addition to mapping between HTTP and CoAP.  While the message format is =
defined using TLV structures, the payload could include JSON structures =
if desired.  CoAP is bound to UDP and offers a minimum MTU of 1152 bytes =
that compares well against the 512 byte message size limitation often =
imposed on DNS.  CoAP includes UTF-8 encoded strings, opaque byte =
sequences, variable byte non-negative integers, URI-Host, URI-Path, =
URI-Port, Content-Type, etc.  CoAP uses 16 bit Message IDs analogous to =
that of the DNS Transaction ID in addition to a 1 to 8 byte optional =
Token.  CoAP can also be secured using Datagram TLS (DTLS).
>=20
> -Doug
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20
>=20


From dhc@dcrocker.net  Wed Dec 14 05:41:57 2011
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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP
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>> As I said in Taipei, I just don't see the fit here. CoAP is
>> >  designed for
...
> I agree.


I should clarify that my question was not meant as a poll of preferences for or 
against using CoAP, but as an invitation to discuss technical merits.

d/
-- 

   Dave Crocker
   Brandenburg InternetWorking
   bbiw.net

From dhc@dcrocker.net  Wed Dec 14 05:59:16 2011
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David Dagon forwarded a list of relevant links:


Standards, et al:
    http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-shelby-core-coap-01
    http://trac.tools.ietf.org/wg/core/trac/wiki/PlugFest


Papers, studies, blogs:
   http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc/#pro
   http://zachshelby.org/
   http://lucato.it/CoAP


Tools:
   http://sourceforge.net/projects/libcoap/
   http://anonsvn.wireshark.org/wireshark/trunk/epan/dissectors/packet-coap.c


d/
-- 

   Dave Crocker
   Brandenburg InternetWorking
   bbiw.net

From cabo@tzi.org  Wed Dec 14 06:08:17 2011
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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP
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On Dec 14, 2011, at 14:59, Dave CROCKER wrote:

>   http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-shelby-core-coap-01

That is an 18 months old individual draft.
You want to look at the WG document:

	http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-core-coap

On the tools side, Matthias Kovatsch (you already linked to him) has =
some more amazing stuff, including a firefox plugin called "Copper".

	http://people.inf.ethz.ch/mkovatsc/

Gr=FC=DFe, Carsten


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> -----Original Message-----
> From: domainrep-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:domainrep-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Leif Johansson
> Sent: Wednesday, December 14, 2011 12:29 AM
> To: domainrep@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP
>=20
> I agree. I firmly believe we should stick firmly to the mainstream in
> this WG and that means REST+JSON today. This doesn't need to be more
> complicated than that.

Hi Leif,

That reminds me: You had indicated in Taipei that you didn't want authentic=
ation to be done the way that it's currently illustrated in the query-http =
document.  What's there is based on one extant implementation but may not b=
e the best way, and I'm no HTTP expert so I don't (currently) know any bett=
er.  Can you point me to the better solution you had in mind?

-MSK

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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP
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On 12/13/11 8:30 PM, Dave CROCKER wrote:
> Folks,
>
> At the Taipei wg meeting, it was suggested that the group might want 
> to consider use of COAP as a transport.  This was specifically as an 
> alternative to using UDP or the DNS. We took an action item to pursue 
> this possibility.
>
> (Let's not review UDP or DNS issues in this thread; I'm mentioning 
> them only to establish context.)
>
> Can folks comment on COAP, assuming that most of us have little 
> background? Summaries with pointers are dandy.  The first goal should 
> be education.
>
> Also, what makes it better than, for example, using UDP?
>
> What is the state of its software packages, deployment and use?
>
> Personally I'd also be interested in some comparison to using HTTP.

one possible issue with CoAP (compared to the DNS and HTTP transports) 
might be the portnumber (5683 as per 
http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xml). 
Some firewalls/ISPs will block this port and the organization that wants 
to set up a reputation service might not always be in control of the 
firewall settings.

/rolf


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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP
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At 08:25 14-12-2011, Rolf E. Sonneveld wrote:
>one possible issue with CoAP (compared to the DNS and HTTP 
>transports) might be the portnumber (5683 as per 
>http://www.iana.org/assignments/service-names-port-numbers/service-names-port-numbers.xml). 
>Some firewalls/ISPs will block this port and the organization that 
>wants to set up a reputation service might not always be in control 
>of the firewall settings.

I heard this argument before in other working groups.  It is 
generally about short-term deployment considerations.

I suggest reading draft-bormann-coap-misc-10 and 
draft-ietf-core-coap-08.  An interesting point is that "unlike HTTP, 
the cacheability of CoAP responses does not depend on the request 
method, but the Response Code".

It's worth considering CoAP if there is expertise within the working 
group to work with that protocol.  I don't have a strong opinion 
about it currently.

Regards,
-sm


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On 12/14/11 6:41 AM, Dave CROCKER wrote:
> 
> 
> 
>>> As I said in Taipei, I just don't see the fit here. CoAP is
>>> >  designed for
> ...
>> I agree.
> 
> 
> I should clarify that my question was not meant as a poll of preferences
> for or against using CoAP, but as an invitation to discuss technical
> merits.

Technical merits to accomplish what? Are there special requirements of
REPUTE that would compel us to use something other than HTTP?

Peter

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On Wed, 14 Dec 2011 14:08:01 -0700
Peter Saint-Andre <stpeter@stpeter.im> wrote:

> Technical merits to accomplish what? Are there special requirements of
> REPUTE that would compel us to use something other than HTTP?

I think so.  A reputation system may receive many queries and might want
to use a lightweight, completely-stateless mechanism to respond to them.
Traditionally, DNS has been (ab)used for this.

Regards,

David.

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On 12/14/11 2:12 PM, David F. Skoll wrote:
> On Wed, 14 Dec 2011 14:08:01 -0700
> Peter Saint-Andre <stpeter@stpeter.im> wrote:
> 
>> Technical merits to accomplish what? Are there special requirements of
>> REPUTE that would compel us to use something other than HTTP?
> 
> I think so.  A reputation system may receive many queries 

So does Twitter. :)

(Hey, reputation over Twitter...)

> and might want
> to use a lightweight, completely-stateless mechanism to respond to them.

What exactly stateful about a mere HTTP request-response pair?

> Traditionally, DNS has been (ab)used for this.

Indeed. That doesn't mean we can't use HTTP.

Just trying to understand the requirements here...

Peter

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> -----Original Message-----
> From: domainrep-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:domainrep-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of Peter Saint-Andre
> Sent: Wednesday, December 14, 2011 1:08 PM
> To: dcrocker@bbiw.net
> Cc: domainrep@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP
>=20
> Technical merits to accomplish what? Are there special requirements of
> REPUTE that would compel us to use something other than HTTP?

One of the oft-cited applications of reputation that exists today is Spamas=
sassin, which in some configurations can fire off a dozen or more DNSBL que=
ries for a single message.  The idea of initiating that many HTTP queries f=
or each arriving message sounds rather heavyweight to me.  That's why we've=
 always had the idea of supporting a lightweight mechanism that just return=
s a score and has all kinds of implied context established outside the prot=
ocol between the client and the server (as DNSBLs do today), and a heavywei=
ght one that has the capacity to be a lot more explicit about both the ques=
tion and the answer.

Are some of my assumptions about the heavyweight nature of HTTP/XML faulty?

From stpeter@stpeter.im  Wed Dec 14 13:30:33 2011
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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP
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On 12/14/11 2:16 PM, Murray S. Kucherawy wrote:
>> -----Original Message----- From: domainrep-bounces@ietf.org
>> [mailto:domainrep-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of Peter Saint-Andre 
>> Sent: Wednesday, December 14, 2011 1:08 PM To: dcrocker@bbiw.net 
>> Cc: domainrep@ietf.org Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP
>> 
>> Technical merits to accomplish what? Are there special requirements
>> of REPUTE that would compel us to use something other than HTTP?
> 
> One of the oft-cited applications of reputation that exists today is
> Spamassassin, which in some configurations can fire off a dozen or
> more DNSBL queries for a single message.  The idea of initiating that
> many HTTP queries for each arriving message sounds rather heavyweight
> to me.  That's why we've always had the idea of supporting a
> lightweight mechanism that just returns a score and has all kinds of
> implied context established outside the protocol between the client
> and the server (as DNSBLs do today), and a heavyweight one that has
> the capacity to be a lot more explicit about both the question and
> the answer.
> 
> Are some of my assumptions about the heavyweight nature of HTTP/XML
> faulty?

Leif mentioned JSON, not XML. I'm agnostic on that here.

As to HTTP, there's lots of practical experience in making those
deployments scale to large numbers of requests per hour/minute,
spreading the load across multiple servers, caching responses, and all
the rest. I would not assume that HTTP can't do the job.

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/



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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP
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On Wed, 14 Dec 2011 14:15:27 -0700
Peter Saint-Andre <stpeter@stpeter.im> wrote:

> What exactly stateful about a mere HTTP request-response pair?

TCP is stateful.  The end that does the active close has to hang
around in TIME_WAIT state for a while.  For HTTP, the server
usually does the active close and a busy server could be swamped
with TIME_WAIT TCP connections.

Regards,

David.

From dhc@dcrocker.net  Wed Dec 14 13:34:46 2011
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On 12/14/2011 1:08 PM, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:
> On 12/14/11 6:41 AM, Dave CROCKER wrote:
>> I should clarify that my question was not meant as a poll of preferences
>> for or against using CoAP, but as an invitation to discuss technical
>> merits.
>
> Technical merits to accomplish what? Are there special requirements of
> REPUTE that would compel us to use something other than HTTP?


Peter,

You are already getting responses that are in line with the basis for this 
sub-thread, but just to offer the first-person explanation for asking it:

      1.  The group already has the distinction between an http-based transport 
and a "lightweight" transport for smaller query/response exchanges.  The logic 
for that distinction is, ummmm, distinct from the choice of the particular 
lightweight alternative.

      2.  CoAP was offered as an alternative to DNS or UDP based queries. 
Presumably there are technical differences that are interesting, among this set. 
  My above clarification was to solicit the technical information that permits 
comparing CoAP to these other choices.  Just doing straightforward due diligence.

On a personal note, I'll comment that using HTTP as the transport for very large 
numbers of very small query/response exchanges is somewhere between silly and 
offensive, for anyone trying to pay attention to latency and overhead issues. 
To quote that great systems designer, Richard Nixon, "We could do it, but it 
would be wrong".

In the real world, all sorts of 'wrong' things are done and this might turn out 
to be one of them. But it's worth some group time to explore alternatives.

Speaking as chair I'll assure you (and everyone else) that this is not going to 
become a rathole in the short- or long-term...

d/

-- 

   Dave Crocker
   Brandenburg InternetWorking
   bbiw.net

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On Dec 14, 2011, at 22:15, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:

> What exactly stateful about a mere HTTP request-response pair?

=46rom the point of view of a server operator, those TCP connections =
underlying HTTP are state.
In the process of answering an HTTP request the server builds up kernel =
and socket state while engaging in the three-way handshake, then it uses =
that state to respond to the request, and finally it needs to tear down =
the state with the final FIN/ACK, causing TIME_WAIT states depending on =
who does this first.

This kind of state makes both plain scaling and DoS hardening harder.

Gr=FC=DFe, Carsten

[Just answering the question; I have no opinion on whether that is =
relevant with respect to repute's objectives.
E.g., the state can actually be a good thing if it helps =
congestion-controlling multiple requests that occur in a row, as in HTTP =
pipelining.  The usual legacy arguments about HTTP pipelining don't =
apply in the deployment scenarios I can imagine. =20
That is proof by lack of imagination, though.
If your security objectives call for TLS/DTLS, you need to build up some =
state anyway.  The DoS protection may be much better with DTLS, though. =20=

And so on=85 =20
I really need to know more about your objectives.]


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From: SM <sm@resistor.net>
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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP
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At 13:15 14-12-2011, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:
>(Hey, reputation over Twitter...)

+1 :-)

>What exactly stateful about a mere HTTP request-response pair?

HTTP is stateless.  TCP is stateful.

At 13:16 14-12-2011, Murray S. Kucherawy wrote:
>One of the oft-cited applications of reputation that exists today is 
>Spamassassin, which in some configurations can fire off a dozen or 
>more DNSBL queries for a single message.

Yes.

>   The idea of initiating that many HTTP queries for each arriving 
> message sounds rather heavyweight to me.  That's why we've always 
> had the idea of supporting a lightweight mechanism that just 
> returns a score and has all kinds of implied context established 
> outside the protocol between the client and the server (as DNSBLs 
> do today), and a heavyweight one that has the capacity to be a lot 
> more explicit about both the question and the answer.

The use of terms such as heavyweight and lightweight mechanisms does 
not provide much information.  A HTTP mechanism can be 
optimized.  That requires more work than DNS, for example, as the 
optimization is done at more than one layer.

Points of discussion could be:

   (a) round-trip

   (b) payload size

   (c) cacheability

Regards,
-sm 


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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP
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On 12/14/11 2:34 PM, Dave CROCKER wrote:
> 
> 
> On 12/14/2011 1:08 PM, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:
>> On 12/14/11 6:41 AM, Dave CROCKER wrote:
>>> I should clarify that my question was not meant as a poll of preferences
>>> for or against using CoAP, but as an invitation to discuss technical
>>> merits.
>>
>> Technical merits to accomplish what? Are there special requirements of
>> REPUTE that would compel us to use something other than HTTP?
> 
> 
> Peter,
> 
> You are already getting responses that are in line with the basis for
> this sub-thread, but just to offer the first-person explanation for
> asking it:
> 
>      1.  The group already has the distinction between an http-based
> transport and a "lightweight" transport for smaller query/response
> exchanges.  The logic for that distinction is, ummmm, distinct from the
> choice of the particular lightweight alternative.

Agreed.

>      2.  CoAP was offered as an alternative to DNS or UDP based queries.
> Presumably there are technical differences that are interesting, among
> this set.  My above clarification was to solicit the technical
> information that permits comparing CoAP to these other choices.  Just
> doing straightforward due diligence.

Yes, that's good.

> On a personal note, I'll comment that using HTTP as the transport for
> very large numbers of very small query/response exchanges is somewhere
> between silly and offensive, for anyone trying to pay attention to
> latency and overhead issues. 

Probably, but that doesn't stop people from doing stupid and offensive
things.

> To quote that great systems designer,
> Richard Nixon, "We could do it, but it would be wrong".

I thought Al Gore invented the Internet. :)

> In the real world, all sorts of 'wrong' things are done and this might
> turn out to be one of them. But it's worth some group time to explore
> alternatives.

For sure, I think it's a valuable exercise!

> Speaking as chair I'll assure you (and everyone else) that this is not
> going to become a rathole in the short- or long-term...

I don't see any rat-hole here yet, just constructive discussion and
probing questions.

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/



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> -----Original Message-----
> From: domainrep-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:domainrep-bounces@ietf.org] On B=
ehalf Of SM
> Sent: Wednesday, December 14, 2011 1:40 PM
> To: domainrep@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP
>=20
> The use of terms such as heavyweight and lightweight mechanisms does
> not provide much information.

They aren't meant to be completely descriptive, only comparative between th=
emselves.


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On 12/14/2011 1:40 PM, SM wrote:
> Points of discussion could be:
>
>    (a) round-trip
>
>    (b) payload size
>
>    (c) cacheability

A reference like "round-trip" usually refers to a single RT latency.

A separate issue is the /number/ of RTs, or "chattiness".

And, thought it's not required, these two can have inverse correlation:  a 
design environment that expects lower latencies will often produce protocols of 
higher chattiness.

(This is the reason that WAN protocols usually translate well to LAN 
environments, but LAN protocols rarely translate well to WAN environments.)



On 12/14/2011 1:53 PM, Murray S. Kucherawy wrote:
 > Two questions come to mind:
 >
 > 1) Does the same scalability go for clients, or a mail server that's waiting 
on a dozen or more replies?
 >
 > 2) Should we engineer this assuming that all HTTP servers are equipped with 
those optimizations?

It's reasonable to distinguish between per-query overhead, per-message (or the 
like) overhead, and "aggregate" server or client overhead of the type you describe.

Any serious discussion about performance and cost ought to run over all of these 
sorts of issues, to consider what matters and what doesn't.

d/
-- 

   Dave Crocker
   Brandenburg InternetWorking
   bbiw.net

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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP
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Hi Murray,
At 13:54 14-12-2011, Murray S. Kucherawy wrote:
>They aren't meant to be completely descriptive, only comparative 
>between themselves.

I owe you an apology.  I understood what you meant.  I was focusing 
on characteristics and cut down on the explanation.

Regards,
-sm 


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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP
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At 14:14 14-12-2011, Dave CROCKER wrote:
>A reference like "round-trip" usually refers to a single RT latency.
>
>A separate issue is the /number/ of RTs, or "chattiness".

Yes.

>And, thought it's not required, these two can have inverse 
>correlation:  a design environment that expects lower latencies will 
>often produce protocols of higher chattiness.
>
>(This is the reason that WAN protocols usually translate well to LAN 
>environments, but LAN protocols rarely translate well to WAN environments.)

Yes.

At 13:53 14-12-2011, Murray S. Kucherawy wrote:
>2) Should we engineer this assuming that all HTTP servers are 
>equipped with those optimizations?

When we are talking about HTTP servers, I'll assume that it is on the 
server side.  HTTP servers are usually general-purpose.  Some of the 
optimizations come with caveats.  One of them might even be described 
as bordering protocol violation.  Let's assume that anyone running 
such a service has the necessary expertise to do so.

The latency issue is addressed currently by having the cache close to 
the client.  It's not a problem as such at the moment as the 
recursive DNS server also provides that feature.  For HTTP, you'll 
have to install a HTTP proxy nearby.  That may end up increasing the cost.

I used the term round-trip but it is incorrect.  What we are looking 
at is actually response time.  Unless one can afford the expense, a 
classic operation would be dealing with a response time of up to 300 
ms for example.  That would make filtering unworkable.  If you get 
cacheability near or as part of the client, the occasional high 
response time becomes acceptable.

BTW, the above covers "GET" mostly.  If I recall correctly, there was 
also some discussion about "POSTing".

Regards,
-sm 


From dotis@mail-abuse.org  Wed Dec 14 16:41:22 2011
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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Suitability of CoAP in supporting domain reputation queries as an alternative to DNS.
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On 12/14/11 2:43 AM, Carsten Bormann wrote:
> Hi Doug,
>
> thanks for taking to the mailing list what so far has happened mostly in the IETF hallways.
>
> To really answer this question, it would be useful to examine some documentation about your objectives ("requirements").
> Until that happens, let me offer some observations.
>
> To a first level of approximation, CoAP provides the same service HTTP does.
> If HTTP could solve your problem (performance considerations aside), and the problem is simple enough for the simple-minded protocol that CoAP is, then CoAP might be a good match.
> In particular, requests are based on URIs, and payloads make use of the media type ("MIME type") architecture, so different kinds of resource representations can be transferred.
Many have suggested DNS can be (ab)used to provide URI based 
Get/Response exchanges where CoAP provides similar overheads.  In format 
comparison, JSON offers advantages for moderately complex exchanges.  
IMHO, to retain single packet exchanges, XML and HTTP represent a poor 
choice, and this speaks well for CoAP.
> Of course, there are some differences to HTTP.
> As you note, CoAP is UDP-based, so it is indeed possible to build CoAP servers that are completely stateless (not even keeping anything like TCP state).
> For resource representations that are larger than the ~1KiB size that can meaningfully be transported in one packet, we have the CoAP block scheme.  This still stays completely stateless on the server.  Fragmentation is never needed.  (CoAP-block is not the optimal solution for, say, retrieving a video, but variable-size things where a good part of the distribution is inside a KiB work very well, with zero overhead for the ≤ ~ 1 KiB case.)
When large file transfers are required, rsync offers a better solution 
IMHO.  CoAP over UDP should be easier to deploy.  Ease of deployment is 
likely the greatest determining factor.

For mid-range services, network overhead and latency is often the 
greater concern.  When inbound servers become overwhelmed, reputation 
services are intended to mitigate this which represents >90% abuse.  As 
such caching helps which is also supported by CoAP, but unfortunately 
aliases used in abuse to be stealthy offer poor caching 
characteristics.  As such, round trip times related with UDP is 
significantly better than what is offered by TCP.  A better alternative 
would use SCTP data framing for sustained virtual long term sessions, 
but I suspect there is not enough requisite background to support this 
approach.
> On the security front, I have the following observations:
>
> -- we completely rely on lower- or higher-layer security if any is needed.  Higher-layer security could be object security (think CMS or JOSE).  For lower-layer security (i.e., communication security), our mandatory-to-implement scheme is DTLS.  Without knowing your requirements on authentication, confidentiality etc., I have to stop here.
> -- being based on UDP, CoAP has the same kind of amplification properties that other protocols like DNS have, so Internet-facing CoAP servers must be prepared to be implicated in DoS attacks.  (This is mitigated a bit by the ease of building a CoAP server such that it never responds with more packets than it gets.)
>
> CoAP supports the same style of caching architecture that HTTP does -- again, knowing more about your objectives would help us find out whether this is a good match.
Some customers will want the DTLS feature.  In most cases, the Token 
exchange would be fairly ideal for our purposes.  As such, CoAP looks 
rather attractive.
> We have defined CoAP to support REST on simple-minded nodes and networks.  The resulting simplicity is likely to bring some advantages outside our space.  We haven't really explored that, though (and as a WG, we are chartered to focus on the inside).
I would also suspect that 99% of transactions will be Get where other 
transaction types would be limited to authenticated sessions and used 
for maintenance and updates.

-Doug

From clewis+ietf@mustelids.ca  Wed Dec 14 22:22:22 2011
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Subject: Re: [domainrep] Considering COAP
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On 11-12-14 04:30 PM, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:

> As to HTTP, there's lots of practical experience in making those
> deployments scale to large numbers of requests per hour/minute,
> spreading the load across multiple servers, caching responses, and all
> the rest. I would not assume that HTTP can't do the job.

It may not be appreciated how big "large" is.  I believe some of the 
largish DNSBLS are answering thousands of queries per second per server 
[+], and that's even with DNS caching.

I know I've been doing DNSBL type TXT lookups at speeds of 13,000/second 
and more (none cacheable) sustained for 5-20 minutes at a time, and the 
server scarcely noticed.  I think I was limited by the async query 
library I was using.

I wouldn't rule out HTTP at that level, but it's undoubtedly a lot more 
expensive.

[+] I keep thinking I remember comments from DNSBL operators talking 
about query levels one or two levels of magnitude higher than that. 
600K/sec rings a bell somehow.  I should go ask someone who knows.

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On 11-12-14 07:10 PM, SM wrote:

> I used the term round-trip but it is incorrect. What we are looking at
> is actually response time. Unless one can afford the expense, a classic
> operation would be dealing with a response time of up to 300 ms for
> example. That would make filtering unworkable. If you get cacheability
> near or as part of the client, the occasional high response time becomes
> acceptable.

Given how current high-volume filters using reputation services are 
implemented/optimized now, 300ms response times shouldn't be an issue. 
It's probably comparable to SMTP command/response turnaround in many cases.

SpamAssassin, for example, seems to have a nicely efficient asynchronous 
query mechanism that causes all the reputation queries to be launched at 
once, and each returned when they become available.

More specialized filtering systems, such as qpsmtpd and many of the 
commercial big iron implementations are much more optimized than that.

In the qpsmtpd build I did, I set the reputation query timeout to about 
10 seconds (all queries were were in parallel), and left it alone.  We 
had the occasional timeout, but the servers never had any problems 
coping.  This was at a goodly volume - at times, 50 emails/second and 
higher average throughput per server.

Tho, certainly, 300ms might be too high for other services you might 
want to protect with this.

From clewis+ietf@mustelids.ca  Wed Dec 14 22:57:59 2011
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On 11-12-14 04:16 PM, Murray S. Kucherawy wrote:

> That's why we've always had the idea of supporting a lightweight mechanism that just returns a score and has all kinds of
 > implied context established outside the protocol between the client 
and the server (as DNSBLs do today),

Right, thanks for reminding me.

I was asked whether there were examples of existing reputation 
infrastructure that relied on out-of-band context for meaning, because 
he couldn't think of one.  I replied "Lots.  Most DNSBLs do exactly that".

Many of the existing DNSBLs have an implied context that you have to 
find out from their web site.  Even within Spamhaus, the 
recommended/supported meaning/usage of each of their component DNSBLs 
varies. Some DNSBLs recommend you use them in scoring, not one-strike 
blocking.  Etc.

So there's ample precedent for implied context of a reputation service.

This probably isn't a good thing, because there are many times where 
DNSBL users use them in direct contradiction to how the DNSBL operator 
recommends.  It can cause extreme problems when the DNSBL user naively 
or purposefully ignores recommended usage.

I would prefer that "our" lightweight protocol whatever it may be had 
some sort of discovery/automatable context - reduces 
mistakes/misunderstandings at least.  Presumably we can borrow the 
heavyweight stuff for that.


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On 12/14/2011 10:22 PM, Chris Lewis wrote:
> [+] I keep thinking I remember comments from DNSBL operators talking about query
> levels one or two levels of magnitude higher than that. 600K/sec rings a bell
> somehow.  I should go ask someone who knows.


We should probably query some lists with blocklist providers to get their 
estimates of scaling requirement.

d/
-- 

   Dave Crocker
   Brandenburg InternetWorking
   bbiw.net

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On 12/14/2011 10:57 PM, Chris Lewis wrote:
> I would prefer that "our" lightweight protocol whatever it may be had some sort
> of discovery/automatable context - reduces mistakes/misunderstandings at least.
> Presumably we can borrow the heavyweight stuff for that.


When a protocol syntax or semantic is only distinguished by the address being 
used -- that is, tied to the provider.A client must know/do something different 
for every server it contacts and it must know what to do with each through some 
sort of configuration table that is set by hand.  This is the essence of a 
significant scaling limit.

The purpose of protocols is to make these things standardized.  So, yeah, a 
separate discovery protocol or an inline "capabilities" or "features" or 
"tailoring" mechanism are the usual ways to accomplish that.

d/
-- 

   Dave Crocker
   Brandenburg InternetWorking
   bbiw.net

From johnl@iecc.com  Thu Dec 15 07:43:30 2011
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>We should probably query some lists with blocklist providers to get their 
>estimates of scaling requirement.

I can ask a few of them.

R's,
John

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Subject: Re: [domainrep] COAP implementations and cart before horse
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Having looked fairly briefly at some COAP documents, I can't help but
note that it's all drafts.  Is it actually done?  Implemented on the
kinds of computers on which people run mail software?  Are there
client and server libraries for Windows, Linux, and xBSD?  I see
libcoap which is supposed to work on Linux, but I see nothing in the
FreeBSD ports library.

Regardless of how wonderful it may be in theory, I don't think we'd
be doing anyone any favors by specifying a protocol that people
can't use on the computers where they need to use it.

Seems to me that it would be a lot more productive at this point to
agreee that we have placeholders for a query scheme that is relatively
slow but can return large responses, and a query scheme that is fast
but responses have to be smallish.  Maybe they'll be HTTP and DNS,
maybe something else, but we can't really say until we understand what
we want them to do.

R's,
John

From stpeter@stpeter.im  Thu Dec 15 08:40:48 2011
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On 12/15/11 8:52 AM, John Levine wrote:
> Having looked fairly briefly at some COAP documents, I can't help but
> note that it's all drafts.  Is it actually done? 

The CoAP protocol is pretty stable. There's some wrangling over MTI
security mechanisms because of the constrained devices for which it was
designed.

> Implemented 

There are lots of implementations.

> on the
> kinds of computers on which people run mail software? 

We'd need to check.

> Are there
> client and server libraries for Windows, Linux, and xBSD? I see
> libcoap which is supposed to work on Linux, but I see nothing in the
> FreeBSD ports library.

Something to follow up on with implementers.

> Regardless of how wonderful it may be in theory, I don't think we'd
> be doing anyone any favors by specifying a protocol that people
> can't use on the computers where they need to use it.
> 
> Seems to me that it would be a lot more productive at this point to
> agreee that we have placeholders for a query scheme that is relatively
> slow but can return large responses, and a query scheme that is fast
> but responses have to be smallish.  Maybe they'll be HTTP and DNS,
> maybe something else, but we can't really say until we understand what
> we want them to do.

That seems reasonable.

Peter

-- 
Peter Saint-Andre
https://stpeter.im/



From dhc@dcrocker.net  Thu Dec 15 08:51:57 2011
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Subject: Re: [domainrep] COAP implementations and cart before horse
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On 12/15/2011 8:40 AM, Peter Saint-Andre wrote:
>> >  Seems to me that it would be a lot more productive at this point to
>> >  agreee that we have placeholders for a query scheme that is relatively
>> >  slow but can return large responses, and a query scheme that is fast
>> >  but responses have to be smallish.  Maybe they'll be HTTP and DNS,
>> >  maybe something else, but we can't really say until we understand what
>> >  we want them to do.
> That seems reasonable.

+1

d/
-- 

   Dave Crocker
   Brandenburg InternetWorking
   bbiw.net

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To: "domainrep@ietf.org" <domainrep@ietf.org>
Date: Thu, 15 Dec 2011 14:03:25 -0500
Thread-Topic: [domainrep] COAP implementations and cart before horse
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Subject: Re: [domainrep] COAP implementations and cart before horse
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: domainrep-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:domainrep-bounces@ietf.org] On
> Behalf Of John Levine
> Sent: Thursday, December 15, 2011 10:52 AM
> To: domainrep@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: [domainrep] COAP implementations and cart before horse
>=20
>=20
> Seems to me that it would be a lot more productive at this point to
> agreee that we have placeholders for a query scheme that is relatively
> slow but can return large responses, and a query scheme that is fast
> but responses have to be smallish.  Maybe they'll be HTTP and DNS,
> maybe something else, but we can't really say until we understand what
> we want them to do.
>=20
+1

-Sam

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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
--------------000107010605070009020607
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On 12/15/2011 10:52 AM, John Levine wrote:
> Seems to me that it would be a lot more productive at this point to
> agreee that we have placeholders for a query scheme that is relatively
> slow but can return large responses, and a query scheme that is fast
> but responses have to be smallish.  Maybe they'll be HTTP and DNS,
> maybe something else, but we can't really say until we understand what
> we want them to do.

seems reasonable to just mark where a stake in the ground needs to go 
and not worry about the color or length of the stake for now.

+1

     Tony Hansen

--------------000107010605070009020607
Content-Type: text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

<html>
  <head>
    <meta content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
      http-equiv="Content-Type">
  </head>
  <body text="#000000" bgcolor="#FFFFFF">
    <big>On 12/15/2011 10:52 AM, John Levine wrote:</big>
    <blockquote cite="mid:20111215155200.86784.qmail@joyce.lan"
      type="cite">
      <pre wrap=""><big>Seems to me that it would be a lot more productive at this point to
agreee that we have placeholders for a query scheme that is relatively
slow but can return large responses, and a query scheme that is fast
but responses have to be smallish.  Maybe they'll be HTTP and DNS,
maybe something else, but we can't really say until we understand what
we want them to do.
</big></pre>
    </blockquote>
    <br>
    seems reasonable to just mark where a stake in the ground needs to
    go and not worry about the color or length of the stake for now.<br>
    <br>
    +1<br>
    <br>
    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Tony Hansen<br>
  </body>
</html>

--------------000107010605070009020607--

From internet-drafts@ietf.org  Fri Dec 16 11:18:36 2011
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Cc: domainrep@ietf.org
Subject: [domainrep] I-D Action: draft-ietf-repute-email-identifiers-01.txt
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts director=
ies. This draft is a work item of the Reputation Services Working Group of =
the IETF.

	Title           : A Reputation Vocabulary for Email Identifiers
	Author(s)       : Nathaniel Borenstein
                          Murray S. Kucherawy
	Filename        : draft-ietf-repute-email-identifiers-01.txt
	Pages           : 7
	Date            : 2011-12-16

   This document defines a vocabulary for describing email identifiers
   (typically authors or signers) with the application/reputon media
   type.


A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-repute-email-identifiers-01.=
txt

Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/

This Internet-Draft can be retrieved at:
ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-repute-email-identifiers-01.t=
xt


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To: "domainrep@ietf.org" <domainrep@ietf.org>
Date: Fri, 16 Dec 2011 11:25:16 -0800
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: i-d-announce-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:i-d-announce-bounces@ietf.org=
] On Behalf Of internet-drafts@ietf.org
> Sent: Friday, December 16, 2011 11:19 AM
> To: i-d-announce@ietf.org
> Cc: domainrep@ietf.org
> Subject: I-D Action: draft-ietf-repute-email-identifiers-01.txt
>=20
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts
> directories. This draft is a work item of the Reputation Services
> Working Group of the IETF.
>=20
> 	Title           : A Reputation Vocabulary for Email Identifiers
> 	Author(s)       : Nathaniel Borenstein
>                           Murray S. Kucherawy
> 	Filename        : draft-ietf-repute-email-identifiers-01.txt
> 	Pages           : 7
> 	Date            : 2011-12-16
>=20
>    This document defines a vocabulary for describing email identifiers
>    (typically authors or signers) with the application/reputon media
>    type.

You can look at the diffs via the datatracker, but basically this takes int=
o account some of the feedback about the assertions.  For example, things l=
ike "SENDS-SPAM" makes some impossible claims in the DKIM context because D=
KIM doesn't make any assertions about who actually sent the message.  So th=
is has been softened to just "SPAM", and the description means "is associat=
ed with spam".

It also uses the preferred language of "identifiers" in place of "identitie=
s", and improves the definition of what SPF provides.

Updates to the media-type and query-http documents are in the hopper, which=
 are mostly reorganization of information per on-list suggestions.  Those s=
hould come out next week or the week after.

-MSK

From dotis@mail-abuse.org  Fri Dec 16 12:17:48 2011
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From: Douglas Otis <dotis@mail-abuse.org>
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Subject: Re: [domainrep] I-D Action: draft-ietf-repute-email-identifiers-01.txt
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On 12/16/11 11:18 AM, internet-drafts@ietf.org wrote:
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories. This draft is a work item of the Reputation Services Working Group of the IETF.
>
> 	Title           : A Reputation Vocabulary for Email Identifiers
> 	Author(s)       : Nathaniel Borenstein
>                            Murray S. Kucherawy
> 	Filename        : draft-ietf-repute-email-identifiers-01.txt
> 	Pages           : 7
> 	Date            : 2011-12-16
>
>     This document defines a vocabulary for describing email identifiers
>     (typically authors or signers) with the application/reputon media
>     type.
>
>
> A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-repute-email-identifiers-01.txt
>
> Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP at:
> ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/
>
> This Internet-Draft can be retrieved at:
> ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-repute-email-identifiers-01.txt
In the Security Consideration section there should be a list of 
exclusions on use of identifiers used in conjunction with related 
mechanisms that fail to authenticate the claimed actions of Malware, 
Spam, or Invalid Recipients.

For example:

DKIM must be limited to the action of Malware only.  DKIM does not 
authenticate the domain accountable for Invalid Recipients or Spam.  
DKIM signature validity is unrelated to the domain sending messages 
and/or asserting recipient addresses.  DKIM signature validity is also 
unrelated to messages containing misleading pre-pended header fields.  
The misapplication of reputation would represent a disruptive protocol 
enforcement mechanism that will punish domains that failed to anticipate 
invalid formats specifically permitted by SMTP that should have been 
proactively anticipated by the DKIM protocol itself.

SPF in conjunction with RFC5321.MAILFROM or RFC5321.FROM does not 
confirm which possible identifier was intended to reference SPF 
authorizations, and whether these identifiers uniquely relate to SPF 
referenced domains.  Such uncertainty means holding SPF domains 
accountable for any of the listed actions may be open to exploitation.  
Only the RFC5321.Helo in conjunction with SPF offers confirmation of the 
referenced domain's involvement.

A workable and fair reputation system must ensure providers are able to 
defend their reputation.  There is no excuse for not ensuring 
accountability for the purported action.

-Doug

From sm@resistor.net  Sat Dec 17 00:23:12 2011
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Subject: [domainrep] Comments on draft-ietf-repute-email-identifiers-01
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I have a few comments on 
draft-ietf-repute-email-identifiers-01.  BTW, some of the suggested 
text requires fine-tuning.

In the Abstract Section:

   "This document defines a vocabulary for describing email identifiers
    (typically authors or signers) with the application/reputon media
    type."

I suggest copying some text from the Introduction Section:

    This document defines a vocabulary for describing assertions a
    reputation service provider can make about email identifiers.

In Section 1:

   'This memo defines a "vocabulary" for describing reputation of an
    email identifier.  A "vocabulary" in this context is defined in
    [RFCxxxx]'

If the draft defines a vocabulary, the last part of the above does 
not make sense.

I suggest reusing material from the Feedback Report Type Values 
registry instead of the terms in Section 3.1.

  Abuse: The email identifier is associated with unsolicited email
         or some other kind of email abuse

  Fraud: The email identifier is associated with some kind of fraud
         or phishing activity

  Not-spam: The email identifier is associated with an indication about
            messages not considered to be spam

  Virus:    The email identifier is associated with viruses.

  Invalid-Recipients: The email identifier is associated with delivery
                    attempts to nonexistent recipients

Although I do not see how the last one fits in, I left it in.  In the 
above text, emphasis is on association with an email identifier.

Section 3.2 mentions that the "email-id" reputation application 
recognizes the following OPTIONAL extensions to the basic vocabulary 
defined in [RFCxxxx].  The list looks more like email identifiers 
instead of extensions to the vocabulary.  If so, swap this section 
with the previous one and provide a description of email identifiers.

In Section 3.2:

   "A reply that does not contain the IDENTITY or SOURCES extensions is
    making a non-specific statement about how the reputation returned was
    developed.  A client may use or ignore such a reply at its
    discretion."

I suggest moving this to the protocol document.  For now, leave it in 
and add a note.

In Section 4, there is a typo for "registration".

The RFC 2119 and RFC 5598 references should be normative.

Regards,
-sm


From dhc@dcrocker.net  Wed Dec 21 16:06:18 2011
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Subject: [domainrep] Fwd: IETF 83 - Registration Now Open
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-------- Original Message --------
Subject: IETF 83 - Registration Now Open
Date: Wed, 21 Dec 2011 08:55:46 -0800 (PST)
From: IETF Secretariat <ietf-secretariat@ietf.org>
To: IETF Announcement list <ietf-announce@ietf.org>
CC: wgchairs@ietf.org, irsg@irtf.org

83rd IETF Meeting
Paris, France
March 25-30, 2012
Host: TBD

Meeting venue:  Le Palais des Congres de Paris
http://www.viparis.com/Viparis/exhibition-paris/site/Palais-Congres-Paris-Paris/en/4

Register online at: http://www.ietf.org/meetings/83/

1.  Registration
2.  Visas & Letters of Invitation
3.  Accommodations: IMPORTANT: Please read hotel cancellation policies
4.  Companion Program

1. Registration
	A. Early-Bird Registration - USD 650.00 Pay by Friday, 16 March
	2012 1700 PT (UTC -7)
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		19 March 2012 at 1700 PT (UTC -7).
		Cancellations are subject to a 10% (ten percent)
		cancellation fee if requested by that date and time.
	F. Online Registration and Payment ends Friday, 23 March 2012,
	1700 local Paris time.
	G. On-site Registration starting Sunday, 25 March 2012 at 1100
	local Paris time.

2. Visas & Letters of Invitation:
	Information on Visiting France, please visit:
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	After you complete the registration process, can request an electronic IETF 
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link provided in the confirmation email.

	Please note that the IETF Letter of Invitation may not be sufficient for 
obtaining a visa to come to France. We are working with local representatives to 
secure the appropriate letters for those who need them, and will have more 
information after January 1, 2012.

3.  Accommodations
	The IETF is holding blocks of guest rooms at 2 hotels in Paris:
	the Hotel Concorde La Fayette (Headquarter Hotel - connected to meeting
	venue) and the Le Meridien Etoile (directly across the street from the meeting 
venue)

	Room rates include one complimentary daily buffet breakfast and
	complimentary in-room high-speed Internet access. All service fees and
	VAT are included in guest room rates.

	NOTE: Continental Breakfast will NOT be served at the meeting venue.

	Reservations Cut off Date:
	23 January 2012 at the Le Meridien
	09 March 2012 at Hotel Concorde

****Cancellation Policy at Le Meridien****

	Guest Cancellation:
	- There is no charge if room is cancelled prior to March 2012
	 - There is a one night charge for cancellations made between 09 March and 23 
March 2012
	- If the room is cancelled from 23 March 2012 or if the guest is a "no-show" 
then the
	amount of the entire stay will be charged onto the guest's credit card.

	Early Departure Fee: Early departure will be charged for the duration of
	the stay as reserved if changes are made after March 23, 2012.

	Guest Substitution: Guest name substitute may be made by contacting
	Corinne Vissenberg <Corinne.Vissenberg@lemeridien.com>.

****Cancellation Policy at Hotel Concorde***
	
Reservation Deposit and Cancellations:
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- Guests will be be charged 1 night's stay and tax at the time the reservation 
is made.
- 15 days prior to scheduled arrival the guest's credit card shall be charged 
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Guest Cancellation:
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cancellation.

Guest Substitution:
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Early Departure Fee:
- In the event of early departure, the guest will be charged for the remainder 
of their stay. Should the room nights be re-sold, the guest will be refunded for 
the resold room nights.

For additional information on rates and policies, please visit: 
http://www.ietf.org/meeting/83/hotel.html

4.  Companion Program
	If you are traveling with a friend or family member over 18 years
	of age you can register them for the IETF Companion Program for
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	Benefits include:
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	on Sunday, 25 March
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	(not to be used to attend working sessions)
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	to help communicate and make plans with other IETF Companions.

	You can register your companion at any time via the IETF website
	or onsite at the meeting.

	To join the 83 companions mailing list see:
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Only 94 days until the Paris IETF!

_______________________________________________
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-- 

   Dave Crocker
   Brandenburg InternetWorking
   bbiw.net

From msk@cloudmark.com  Sat Dec 24 23:32:01 2011
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Hi SM,

> -----Original Message-----
> From: domainrep-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:domainrep-bounces@ietf.org] On B=
ehalf Of SM
> Sent: Saturday, December 17, 2011 12:05 AM
> To: domainrep@ietf.org
> Subject: [domainrep] Comments on draft-ietf-repute-email-identifiers-01
>=20
> In the Abstract Section:
>=20
>    "This document defines a vocabulary for describing email identifiers
>     (typically authors or signers) with the application/reputon media
>     type."
>=20
> I suggest copying some text from the Introduction Section:
>=20
>     This document defines a vocabulary for describing assertions a
>     reputation service provider can make about email identifiers.

Works for me, except I think it's appropriate to mention the media type bec=
ause otherwise someone reading this abstract has no context.

> In Section 1:
>=20
>    'This memo defines a "vocabulary" for describing reputation of an
>     email identifier.  A "vocabulary" in this context is defined in
>     [RFCxxxx]'
>=20
> If the draft defines a vocabulary, the last part of the above does not
> make sense.

I changed it to "This memo specifies a vocabulary for describing...", remov=
ing the quotes and changing "defines" to "specifies", to make it clear the =
other document is the foundational one.

> I suggest reusing material from the Feedback Report Type Values
> registry instead of the terms in Section 3.1.
>=20
>   Abuse: The email identifier is associated with unsolicited email
>          or some other kind of email abuse

This seems too general to be a useful assertion.

>   Fraud: The email identifier is associated with some kind of fraud
>          or phishing activity

Modified the FRAUD definition to say, 'such as "phishing"'.  I'll probably =
be challenged to define that or refer to a definition of it; I'll try to fi=
nd one.

>   Not-spam: The email identifier is associated with an indication about
>             messages not considered to be spam

Wouldn't you just assert the same thing here as one minus the SPAM score?

>   Virus:    The email identifier is associated with viruses.

This also seems a little too general.  I prefer the current MALWARE definit=
ion.

> Section 3.2 mentions that the "email-id" reputation application
> recognizes the following OPTIONAL extensions to the basic vocabulary
> defined in [RFCxxxx].  The list looks more like email identifiers
> instead of extensions to the vocabulary.  If so, swap this section with
> the previous one and provide a description of email identifiers.

It allows the reputation provider to make a statement about how its score s=
hould be applied.  For example, if you don't specify the context somehow as=
 part of the query (or implicitly based on who you're asking), the provider=
 could tell you "this is the SPAM score for example.com as long as you mean=
 to use it to evaluate DKIM signature domains".

The email-id vocabulary is a set of keywords and extensions to the base voc=
abulary defined in the "model" document.  So I believe it makes sense to pu=
t it where it is.

> In Section 3.2:
>=20
>    "A reply that does not contain the IDENTITY or SOURCES extensions is
>     making a non-specific statement about how the reputation returned was
>     developed.  A client may use or ignore such a reply at its
>     discretion."
>=20
> I suggest moving this to the protocol document.  For now, leave it in
> and add a note.

IDENTITY and SOURCES are email-id extensions, so moving them to either the =
model or media-type document won't make sense.  However, if we feel they ou=
ght to be made mandatory parts of all vocabularies, then that would make se=
nse.

> In Section 4, there is a typo for "registration".
>=20
> The RFC 2119 and RFC 5598 references should be normative.

I agree with 2119, but do you really have to read 5598 to implement this?

Thanks,
-MSK



From clewis+ietf@mustelids.ca  Fri Dec 30 17:47:40 2011
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Date: Fri, 30 Dec 2011 20:47:25 -0500
From: Chris Lewis <clewis+ietf@mustelids.ca>
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Subject: [domainrep] Reputation use cases.
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This is a multi-part message in MIME format.
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[!Chair]

I threw the attachment together to show what current spam filtering 
technology uses in the "reputation area".

It's hoped that it may provide a background and focal point for 
discussions on identifiers, how the results may get used, and 
identifying the sorts of flexibility that a reputation query protocol 
may need.

I suspect it may be turned into an informational/working document of 
some sort, but at this point I thought a simple brain-dump in text 
format would serve for the moment.

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 filename="REPUTEUseCases.txt"

EMail Reputation Use Cases

This is not meant to be 100% exhaustive.  It lists a variety of "reputation-ish"
methodologies that are used in many email environments for spam and malware
filtering.  If I've missed anything substantial, please let me know.

By "reputation-ish", I'm referring to filtering technologies that work
based on "who or what sent it, or on whose behalf".  Where the "who" may
well be entirely unproven.  This is opposed to filtering methodologies
that work on a more generalized view of the email (such as content-based).

I'm specifically going to leave out site-specific manual filtering of
individual identifiers.

Focus is on the medium to large installation, where these measures are
implemented at the server level.  Though, this description applies to
anyone using SpamAssassin or similar, large or small.

While many of the methods return simple "yes" or "no" (or "good"/"bad")
answers, this does not require that the analysis results in the email
being thrown away after a single "bad" answer.  Indeed, SpamAssassin
(one of the most popular packages, and inspirer of many others) asks
a myriad of questions that essentially have only yes/no answers, each
answer is given a score (which can be either negative or positive), and
only when the aggregate score exceeds a set threshold is the email affected.

Since SpamAssassin is quite well known and performs a lot of these tests,
it's a good package to take instruction from.  While many medium to larger
installations do not use SpamAssassin per-se, the individual techniques
SpamAssassin uses are quite common.

There's several purposes to this document:

- show the different identifiers used.
- show that the answers you get from these reputation-ish things
  aren't necessarily "good/bad" answers, sometimes simply external
  information about the identifier, and how to use it is up to the
  consumer of the information.  
- show that even unauthenticated information can be useful
- show that flexibility, such as being able to "wildcard" answers
  is useful.
- Show that filtering systems may well integrate many "reputation-ish"
  results together before coming up with an answer.

I'm not going to say much about SPF/SenderID or DKIM because that
seems already adequately understood within the WG context.  Remember
they are authentication methods.  A successful SPF or DKIM verification
does not necessarily imply anything about whether the email is desirable
or not.  This document outlines methods where you're querying
the "desirability" or information needed to determine "desirability".

All of these identifiers are used within existing list technology
(including DNS-based).  But, depending on the installation, they
could also be local configuration files, databases, or custom protocols.

Note well: this document describes what current systems do in this area.
Any discussion of the rightness or wrongness of individual techniques
is clearly out-of-scope.

1) The first, and most obvious, reputation-ish technique is to look up the
connecting IP address in a database accessed in some fashion.  While
some of these databases (eg: locally generated manual ones) are usually
general purpose catchalls, most of the available databases are derived
from only a few heuristics.  Such as:

    - Known/deliberate spam/malware sender
    - Provider asserts there shouldn't be mail servers at this IP
    - Host infected with email sending malware 
    - The ratio of spam/ham from this IP is unacceptably high
    - This is a "good/well managed" IP (a "whitelist")

Some databases are aggregations of single-heuristic databases.

Some databases contain ranges, some single IP addresses.

What this tends to mean is that usually more than one of these databases is
queried per email.  In the SpamAssassin case, it's well over a dozen -
each answer scored independently.

2) Some of the connecting-IP based databases don't say something inherently
bad or good about an IP.  Instead, they give other information.  Such
as, "this IP is in country XX" or "The ASN for this IP is xxx".  These can
come in useful both for scoring, or absolute blocking (eg: a small site
deciding that there's a vanishingly small possibility that any email coming
from AS<something> is legitimate/wanted).

Such databases could also contain spam/ham ratios, domain age, registrar
name, and so on.

[I've built a DNS-based one that returns a TXT record that has the
allocation CIDR, ASN, domain name, abuse contact address, country and
state.  I use this for logging/metrics, but could also use it for
filtering.]

3) The reverse DNS value is checked.  This can range from the simplistic
"don't accept email from IPs with '.dhcp.' in their rDNS") to the complex.
For an example of the latter, consider "Enemies List" (aka EL) which has
10's of thousands of patterns that try to derive attributes from the string
such as, "broadband", "static", "server", "multi-hosting environment" etc.
The result can be scored, or used in unconditional blocking heuristics.

EL is relatively little known, but it works surprisingly well if you
base your decisioning correctly.  EL is commonly implemented as a local
database, but can support RHSBL-like DNS queries.

Reverse DNS values are sometimes checked against domain- or hostname-based
databases (eg: URIBLs and RHSBLs).

Much like IP-based databases, many of these databases are single-heuristic,
aggregations of single-heuristic, or purely informational.  One example
of "informational" is "is this a recent registration?".  But others are
possible, such as lookups to see who the registrar is, spam/ham ratios,
is it an anonymous registration etc.

The effect of a listing can be positive or negative.

SpamAssassin has various simplistic rDNS rules, and now has EL support.
I'm not sure whether it does DNS-based rDNS lookups per-se.

4) The HELO is checked, potentially much the same way as reverse DNS,
including EL-like methods.  Special rules like "don't helo as my name or
IP", "don't helo as someone it's clear you're not", "at least give me
a RFC5321-legal HELO" are also common.

HELOS are also checked against domain- or hostname-based lookups.

SpamAssassin has various hardcoded HELO checks too.

5) The MAIL FROM is checked, usually either domain- or hostname-based
checking similarly to HELO.  SpamAssassin also has, I believe, queries
to various informational DNSBLs, and can look them up in more classical
RHSBLs or URIBLs.

6) SPF/Senderid analysis can potentially use any of the previous
identifiers (connecting IP, HELO, MAIL FROM especially).

[SpamAssassin does support SPF as well as DKIM.  But without
being able to acquire reputation for the identifiers, they're
of little use.]

7) Headers identifying the sender are often treated to the similar testing
as MAIL FROMs.

8) Received headers are often parsed for previous hand-off IPs and
hostnames.  FYI: this is a hazardous practise with some databases, 
especially given the propensity of some spamware to generate fake
Received headers, but discussing that is out of scope for the WG, other
than to point out that even SpamAssassin had to make some changes
in this area.

9) Sometimes other headers are parsed if present.  For example,
X-Originating-IP is sometimes usefully looked up in some databases
or hard-coded rules.

10) Email payloads are often scanned for useful identifiers.  The most
prevalent is the derivation of hostnames and "registry level" domains
to do domain-based lookups via RHSBL- or URIBL-like databases.  (aka
"SURBL lookups" etc)  IP-based URLs are often looked up too (via URIBL-like
databases, or connection-IP-based DNSBLs).  SpamAssassin has more than
a dozen URL derived lookups by default.  SpamAssassin's SURBL lookups
are constrained to do only N distinct domain lookups in URLs.

SUMMARY:

The following "identifiers" are frequently used in reputation-ish queries:

connecting IP, reverse DNS, HELO value, MAIL FROM (domain at least),
sender headers, and URL hostnames.  Domain names are potentially
queried at both the full hostname or "registry level" domain.

The return values can mean "good" or "bad", but can also simply be
other information to be analyzed as desired.  Or even just logged.

The return values are often scored, rather than "single strike".

Success (as in, the filter blocks what it should, and doesn't block what
it shouldn't) relies on the information provider providing what they
say they are, and the consumer of the information applying it
intelligently.

This extends even to when the identifier isn't "authenticated" in any
significant fashion.  If a particular identifier is known to always
be "bad", anything spoofing that particular identifier is a-priori
"bad" too.  The same is NOT true in the reverse obviously.

Both in IP addresses and in domain names, much of the use implies something
analogous to wildcarding.  Eg: databases containing ranges of IPs, or
reputation providers trying to assert something about a domain and all
subdomains.

The above paragraph generally implies that the provider of the information
has to be able to do pattern matching (eg: range checking or domain
wildcarding).  Which means that you can't hide the identifier from the
provider, otherwise, the provider can't decompose it to coarser grain
entries.

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