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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Tue Jun  1 09:46:56 2004
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From: Mika Kousa <mkousa@cc.hut.fi>
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Subject: [Hipsec] Some mm-02-pre1 comments
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X-Original-Date: Tue, 1 Jun 2004 16:46:06 +0300 (EEST)
Date: Tue, 1 Jun 2004 16:46:06 +0300 (EEST)

In section 7.1 "REA parameter" of draft mm-02-pre1, the description of
P-bit value in the REA TLV does not clearly indicate that the P-bit value
is to be interpreted as a truth value (one might hastily think that it is
a fixed value). Similarly as in the base draft's section 6.2.13 NES the
description of R-bit value: "One if the NES is a reply to another UPDATE,
otherwise zero.".

So, the description of P-bit could be changed to: "Preferred address. One
if the first address in this REA is the new preferred address, otherwise
zero."

Assuming that I understood right that the P-bit is a truth value, I
noticed some issues in the mm-02-pre1. Looks like some sections implicitly
assume that at least some REA TLV in the received packet contains always
P-bit with value of 1. For example, section 6.1 "Initiating the protocol
in UPDATE" says that "The Peer host replies to this with a reply UPDATE
packet, sent to the new preferred address". The error here is that which
address should we choose if the P-bit is not set in the REA in the
received initial UPDATE packet ? The one we got during the base exchange
(but that's not a "new" address) ? Same assumption is found in section
6.2.


Another note: what should we do if there are multiple REA TLVs in the
packet and there are more than one set P-bit ? Drop the packet as
erroneous ?


Third note: section 8.2 "Handling received REAs" bullet point 2 says: "For
each address listed in the REA parameter, check that the address is a
legal unicast or anycast address. That is, the addres MUST NOT be a
broadcast or multicast address." There are no more comments on what to do
if there are these erroneous addresses in the REA. For example, whether to
drop the packet or not. Maybe in the same bullet point there should also
read "If the REA parameter contains broadcast or multicast addresses,
these addresses MUST be ignored". Packet processing can be continued
anyway, because this does not seem to be a fatal situation.


Then there is a typo "addres" in the same bullet point.
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Tue Jun  1 17:10:55 2004
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From: Gonzalo Camarillo <Gonzalo.Camarillo@ericsson.com>
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Folks,

FYI: the official charter page at www.ietf.org has now a link to our 
supplemental web page.

http://www.ietf.org/html.charters/hip-charter.html

This will help newcomers figure out what is going on in the WG more easily.

Regards,

Gonzalo

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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Wed Jun  2 23:33:08 2004
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Subject: RE: [Hipsec] Some mm-02-pre1 comments
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Mika Kousa [mailto:mkousa@cc.hut.fi]
> Sent: Tuesday, June 01, 2004 6:46 AM
> To: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
> Subject: [Hipsec] Some mm-02-pre1 comments
>=20
>=20
> In section 7.1 "REA parameter" of draft mm-02-pre1, the description of
> P-bit value in the REA TLV does not clearly indicate that the=20
> P-bit value
> is to be interpreted as a truth value (one might hastily=20
> think that it is
> a fixed value).=20

Agreed, this needs to be fixed.

> Similarly as in the base draft's section=20
> 6.2.13 NES the
> description of R-bit value: "One if the NES is a reply to=20
> another UPDATE,
> otherwise zero.".

This may be no longer relevant in the next draft.

> Assuming that I understood right that the P-bit is a truth value, I
> noticed some issues in the mm-02-pre1. Looks like some=20
> sections implicitly
> assume that at least some REA TLV in the received packet=20
> contains always
> P-bit with value of 1. For example, section 6.1 "Initiating=20
> the protocol
> in UPDATE" says that "The Peer host replies to this with a=20
> reply UPDATE
> packet, sent to the new preferred address". The error here is=20
> that which
> address should we choose if the P-bit is not set in the REA in the
> received initial UPDATE packet ? The one we got during the=20
> base exchange
> (but that's not a "new" address) ? Same assumption is found in section
> 6.2.

Agreed, this could be reworded "the preferred address" in case the
preferred address is not new.  And base exchange address could
be first preferred address.

>=20
>=20
> Another note: what should we do if there are multiple REA TLVs in the
> packet and there are more than one set P-bit ? Drop the packet as
> erroneous ?
>

This might be candidate for NOTIFY.  Or else each processed REA
(processed in order) could overwrite the preferred address.

>=20
> Third note: section 8.2 "Handling received REAs" bullet point=20
> 2 says: "For
> each address listed in the REA parameter, check that the address is a
> legal unicast or anycast address. That is, the addres MUST NOT be a
> broadcast or multicast address." There are no more comments=20
> on what to do
> if there are these erroneous addresses in the REA. For=20
> example, whether to
> drop the packet or not. Maybe in the same bullet point there=20
> should also
> read "If the REA parameter contains broadcast or multicast addresses,
> these addresses MUST be ignored". Packet processing can be continued
> anyway, because this does not seem to be a fatal situation.
>=20
>=20
> Then there is a typo "addres" in the same bullet point.

these points are noted-- thanks.

Tom
=20
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Fri Jun  4 18:03:17 2004
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From: Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>
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Subject: [Hipsec] Recovery from state loss
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X-Original-Date: Fri, 4 Jun 2004 15:02:23 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Fri, 4 Jun 2004 15:02:23 -0700 (PDT)


I'm reading the HIP spec (hip-09.txt) and I'm trying to figure out 
the assumptions underlying the recovery from state loss (using the birthday 
stuff).

The document talks about this being used when one host has crashed
and lost all state.
But won't hosts end up discarding the ESP SA after some time of
non-use?
In fact, section 11 seems to recommend that the ESP SA be discarded after
15 minutes.
Since both ends don't seem to not coordinate discarding this state, does
it mean that the birthday counter need to be incremented each time
an SA is discarded?

  Erik

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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Sun Jun  6 20:15:32 2004
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Subject: RE: [Hipsec] Recovery from state loss
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From: "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>
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X-Original-Date: Sun, 6 Jun 2004 17:14:48 -0700
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Erik,
responses inline below.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Erik Nordmark [mailto:Erik.Nordmark@sun.com]=20
> Sent: Friday, June 04, 2004 3:02 PM
> To: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
> Cc: erik.nordmark@sun.com
> Subject: [Hipsec] Recovery from state loss
>=20
>=20
>=20
> I'm reading the HIP spec (hip-09.txt) and I'm trying to figure out=20
> the assumptions underlying the recovery from state loss=20
> (using the birthday=20
> stuff).

The birthday text has changed since -09 draft.  Please see section 4.1.3
of the latest working copy:
http://hip4inter.net/documentation/drafts/draft-moskowitz-hip-10-pre3.txt=


In particular, there is now a "R1 generation counter" instead of=20
a birthday count.  The thread of this discussion can be found starting=20
here:
http://honor.trusecure.com/pipermail/hipsec/2004-April/000704.html
and continuing through May.

>=20
> The document talks about this being used when one host has crashed
> and lost all state.
> But won't hosts end up discarding the ESP SA after some time of
> non-use?
> In fact, section 11 seems to recommend that the ESP SA be=20
> discarded after
> 15 minutes.

I believe that is the case, but I think the motivation for the
reboot procedures was to avoid having to wait for things to time
out. I do not know the origin of the recommended 15 minutes. =20

> Since both ends don't seem to not coordinate discarding this=20
> state, does
> it mean that the birthday counter need to be incremented each time
> an SA is discarded?
>=20

Previously, this was the implication, when birthday count was
in use. =20

Presently, the way that it should work is as follows:  suppose=20
host A and B have an association and B reboots.  B starts
up some application that wants again to have a HIP association
with A.  B will send A the I1 packet, and will receive an R1
(A will send R1 even when it is in ESTABLISHED state).  B will
then send an I2.  Now A, in state ESTABLISHED, will process a
I2 and if successful, will drop the existing SAs that it thinks
it has with B in favor of the new ones.  Both sides will then
be back in sync after A sends the R2.

Tom
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Subject: Re: [Hipsec] Recovery from state loss
To: "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>
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>> But won't hosts end up discarding the ESP SA after some time of
>> non-use?  In fact, section 11 seems to recommend that the
>> ESP SA be discarded after 15 minutes.
>
> I believe that is the case, but I think the motivation for the
> reboot procedures was to avoid having to wait for things to time
> out. I do not know the origin of the recommended 15 minutes.

The 15 minutes recommendation was there when I inherited
the documents from Bob M.  I don't know its origin, either.
As a (perhaps-educated) guess, I think that it is more or less
arbitrary, based on no real analysis.

--Pekka

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From: Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>
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Subject: RE: [Hipsec] Recovery from state loss
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X-Original-Date: Sun, 6 Jun 2004 23:22:27 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Sun, 6 Jun 2004 23:22:27 -0700 (PDT)

> The birthday text has changed since -09 draft.  Please see section 4.1.3
> of the latest working copy:
> http://hip4inter.net/documentation/drafts/draft-moskowitz-hip-10-pre3.txt
> 
> In particular, there is now a "R1 generation counter" instead of 
> a birthday count.  The thread of this discussion can be found starting 
> here:
> http://honor.trusecure.com/pipermail/hipsec/2004-April/000704.html
> and continuing through May.

Thanks for the pointers. But I'm still concerned. The above
email makes this assumption, which I don't see discussed in the archive:
 Case iii)
  Data will be sent on an SPI that will be unknown
  to the peer.  In this case, either the peer will
  drop it silently or send the HIP NOTIFY-- in either
  case, the local host will eventually kill off its
  local HIP state, start over, and we are back to
  case i).

Given that either end can (per section 8.9) drop a HIP association
whenever it wants, isn't it likely that case iii (and case ii as well,
but that one is resolved in a more predictable manner) happen quite frequently?
I haven't found anything in the document that describes what makes the local
host eventually kill off its local HIP state (it is just happily sending ESP
packets; perhaps receiving some ICMP parameter problem) hence it has no HIP
timer running.

So what limits how long time case iii) stays around?
Is the intent that the document actually recommend some behavior 
when receiving ICMP pameter problem pointing at the SPI field?

An alternative would be to try to coordinate when the two peers
drop their HIP association state somehow.

  Erik


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Subject: Re: [Hipsec] Recovery from state loss
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> Thanks for the pointers. But I'm still concerned. The above
> email makes this assumption, which I don't see discussed in the 
> archive:
>  Case iii)
>   Data will be sent on an SPI that will be unknown
>   to the peer.  In this case, either the peer will
>   drop it silently or send the HIP NOTIFY-- in either
>   case, the local host will eventually kill off its
>   local HIP state, start over, and we are back to
>   case i).
>
> Given that either end can (per section 8.9) drop a HIP association
> whenever it wants, isn't it likely that case iii (and case ii as well,
> but that one is resolved in a more predictable manner) happen quite 
> frequently?

There was some discussion that in iii) the recipient should
send an ICMP Parameter Problem, the Pointer pointing to the
SPI value.  I don't know if this ended up in the actual
text; I vaguely remember that I prepared a write up, but
maybe I forgot to send it.  (Apparently it did, based on
what you write below.  My memory is just failing these days.)

> I haven't found anything in the document that describes what makes the 
> local
> host eventually kill off its local HIP state (it is just happily 
> sending ESP
> packets; perhaps receiving some ICMP parameter problem) hence it has 
> no HIP
> timer running.

Yes, this is probably missing.

> So what limits how long time case iii) stays around?

I think some text should be added on how to react to
received ICMP Parameter Problem messages.  Unfortunately
I don't have time to write up anything now.

> Is the intent that the document actually recommend some behavior
> when receiving ICMP pameter problem pointing at the SPI field?

Yes, that was my intention, but apparently I failed to do so.
Anyone, please?  A reasonable thing would be to start establishing
a new HIP assoc, by sending I1, but _not_ to drop the existing SAs
yet.  Maybe rate limit them or something, but not drop, as the
ICMP Parameter Problem may be forged.

--Pekka

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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Mon Jun  7 04:04:30 2004
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X-Original-Date: Mon, 07 Jun 2004 10:57:57 +0300
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The pre4 version of the HIP base draft is now available at:

http://hip4inter.net/drafts.php

Changes from pre3-version relate to update/rekeying based on Tom's 
contribution.

/petri

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X-Original-Date: Mon, 07 Jun 2004 10:11:56 +0200
Date: Mon, 07 Jun 2004 10:11:56 +0200

This is a cryptographically signed message in MIME format.

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Hi,

Julien Laganier wrote:
> 
> A pre-version of the rendezvous draft is (finally ;) available at:
> 
> <http://julien.laganier.free.fr/pub/draft-eggert-hip-rendezvous-01pre1.txt>
> <http://julien.laganier.free.fr/pub/draft-eggert-hip-rendezvous-01pre1.html>
> 
> We would greatly appreciate any comments related to that draft.

I have not seen any discussion on this on the list yet. We'd really like 
to receive some initial feedback before the cutoff for San Diego.

Lars
-- 
Lars Eggert                                     NEC Network Laboratories

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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Mon Jun  7 05:26:31 2004
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Subject: Re: [Hipsec] Milestone status
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Lars Eggert wrote:
> Hi,
> 
>>
>> A pre-version of the rendezvous draft is (finally ;) available at:
>>
>> <http://julien.laganier.free.fr/pub/draft-eggert-hip-rendezvous-01pre1.txt> 
>>
>> <http://julien.laganier.free.fr/pub/draft-eggert-hip-rendezvous-01pre1.html> 
>>
> 
> I have not seen any discussion on this on the list yet. We'd really like 
> to receive some initial feedback before the cutoff for San Diego.

My plan is to implement few of the mentioned rendezvous mechanisms before the 
IETF meeting. I will try to give some feedback as the work progresses. The other 
HUT/HIIT hippies could probably do a private demo at the meeting (I will not 
attend).

Question:
Section 7.4: Assuming that the Responder will not create state before receiving 
I2, then why the Initiator sends the EREP1 and EREP2 in I2? The respnoder has no 
means to verify that the response matches the request. The only entity that can 
verify the responses is the RVS, but it is not contacted anymore.


-- 
Kristian Slavov, Researcher
Helsinki Institute for Information Technology
Gsm: +358-40-7220960
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Mon Jun  7 05:54:31 2004
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From: Julien Laganier <Julien.Laganier@Sun.COM>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] Milestone status
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On Monday 07 June 2004 11:25, Kristian Slavov wrote:
>
> Question:
> Section 7.4: Assuming that the Responder will not create state
> before receiving I2, then why the Initiator sends the EREP1 and
> EREP2 in I2? 
>
> The respnoder has no means to verify that the response 
> matches the request. The only entity that can verify the responses
> is the RVS, but it is not contacted anymore.

Hi Kristian,

When the initiator gets an R1 w/ EREQ, it answers blindly with an I2 
w/EREP, because there's no way by which an initiator can distinguish 
between EREQ added by a Responder or a RVS. 

If this EREQ was added by the Responder, then this responder will get 
the corresponding subsequent EREP validating I2; it's fine....

If this EREQ was added by the RVS and the I2 doesn't pass via the RVS, 
then this EREP is useless, but the Initiator doesn't know that....

Hope I'm answering the good question ;)

--julien 
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Subject: RE: [Hipsec] Recovery from state loss
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From: "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Pekka Nikander [mailto:pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com]=20
> Sent: Sunday, June 06, 2004 11:37 PM
> To: Erik Nordmark
> Cc: Henderson, Thomas R; hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
> Subject: Re: [Hipsec] Recovery from state loss
>=20
>=20
> > Thanks for the pointers. But I'm still concerned. The above
> > email makes this assumption, which I don't see discussed in the=20
> > archive:
> >  Case iii)
> >   Data will be sent on an SPI that will be unknown
> >   to the peer.  In this case, either the peer will
> >   drop it silently or send the HIP NOTIFY-- in either
> >   case, the local host will eventually kill off its
> >   local HIP state, start over, and we are back to
> >   case i).
> >
> > Given that either end can (per section 8.9) drop a HIP association
> > whenever it wants, isn't it likely that case iii (and case=20
> ii as well,
> > but that one is resolved in a more predictable manner) happen quite=20
> > frequently?
>=20
> There was some discussion that in iii) the recipient should
> send an ICMP Parameter Problem, the Pointer pointing to the
> SPI value.  I don't know if this ended up in the actual
> text; I vaguely remember that I prepared a write up, but
> maybe I forgot to send it.  (Apparently it did, based on
> what you write below.  My memory is just failing these days.)

Here is the text that is in the current draft that Petri
sent around this morning (from Section 5.3).

   If a system receives an ESP packet for an unknown SPI, it is possible
   that it has lost the state and its peer has not.  It MAY send an ICMP
   packet with the Parameter Problem type, the Pointer pointing to the
   SPI value within the ESP header. Reacting to ESP traffic with unknown
   SPI depends on the implementation and the environment where the
   implementation is used.

>=20
> > I haven't found anything in the document that describes=20
> what makes the=20
> > local
> > host eventually kill off its local HIP state (it is just happily=20
> > sending ESP
> > packets; perhaps receiving some ICMP parameter problem)=20
> hence it has=20
> > no HIP
> > timer running.
>=20
> Yes, this is probably missing.

This has been relegated to the "implementation dependent" category
so far. =20

Another thing that is missing is the ability to explicitly disassociate
or drop a HIP association, or perhaps to suspend one if one
of the hosts goes off line for a while (this latter case could
be part of the mobility/multi-homing work).

I suggest an open issue on handling the removal of HIP state for
ICMP, timeout, or other reasons.

>=20
> > So what limits how long time case iii) stays around?
>=20
> I think some text should be added on how to react to
> received ICMP Parameter Problem messages.  Unfortunately
> I don't have time to write up anything now.
>=20
> > Is the intent that the document actually recommend some behavior
> > when receiving ICMP pameter problem pointing at the SPI field?
>=20
> Yes, that was my intention, but apparently I failed to do so.
> Anyone, please?  A reasonable thing would be to start establishing
> a new HIP assoc, by sending I1, but _not_ to drop the existing SAs
> yet.  Maybe rate limit them or something, but not drop, as the
> ICMP Parameter Problem may be forged.
>=20

How do we avoid that a spoofed ICMP Parameter Problem could trigger
a re-establishment of HIP state?  Perhaps the I2 needs to carry
some indication that the I2 is due to receipt of a Parameter Problem,
and allowing the responder to send something other than R2 to tell
the initiator to keep using the existing SAs?  And then once the
host had detected a spoofed parameter problem, it could be more
cautious about responding to them in the near future.

Tom
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Cc: <hipsec@honor.trusecure.com>, "Erik Nordmark" <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] Recovery from state loss
To: "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>
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> I suggest an open issue on handling the removal of HIP state for
> ICMP, timeout, or other reasons.

Ok for me.  I guess we need some freedom on implementations here.

> How do we avoid that a spoofed ICMP Parameter Problem could trigger
> a re-establishment of HIP state?  Perhaps the I2 needs to carry
> some indication that the I2 is due to receipt of a Parameter Problem,
> and allowing the responder to send something other than R2 to tell
> the initiator to keep using the existing SAs?  And then once the
> host had detected a spoofed parameter problem, it could be more
> cautious about responding to them in the near future.

Well, when you receive the R1, you can double check to see if you've
received any traffic on the existing incoming SA in the meanwhile.
If so, the ICMP was probably spoofed.

Including something on I2 sounds like a good idea, but complicated.
I would leave that for a future extension, just in the name of
simplicity.

--Pekka

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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Tue Jun  8 12:47:42 2004
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To: Lars Eggert <lars.eggert@netlab.nec.de>
Cc: Julien Laganier <Julien.Laganier@Sun.COM>, hipsec@honor.trusecure.com,
        David Ward <dward@bgp.nu>,
        "Pekka Nikander (JO/LMF)" <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>,
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Subject: Re: [Hipsec] Milestone status
References: NEC Network Labs <40C4234C.5040800@netlab.nec.de>
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Lars, Julien,

I have noticed that your draft uses the boilerplate that keeps the IETF 
from creating derivative work:

"This document may not be modified, and derivative works of
    it may not be created, except to publish it as an RFC and to
    translate it into languages other than English."

Could you please explain why did you decide to do so?

Thanks,

Gonzalo

Lars Eggert wrote:

> Hi,
> 
> Julien Laganier wrote:
> 
>>A pre-version of the rendezvous draft is (finally ;) available at:
>>
>>
> 
> <http://julien.laganier.free.fr/pub/draft-eggert-hip-rendezvous-01pre1.t
> xt>
> 
> <http://julien.laganier.free.fr/pub/draft-eggert-hip-rendezvous-01pre1.h
> tml>
> 
>>We would greatly appreciate any comments related to that draft.
> 
> 
> I have not seen any discussion on this on the list yet. We'd really like
> 
> to receive some initial feedback before the cutoff for San Diego.
> 
> Lars

-- 
Gonzalo Camarillo         Phone :  +358  9 299 33 71
Oy L M Ericsson Ab        Mobile:  +358 40 702 35 35
Telecom R&D               Fax   :  +358  9 299 30 52
FIN-02420 Jorvas          Email :  Gonzalo.Camarillo@ericsson.com
Finland                   http://www.hut.fi/~gonzalo

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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Tue Jun  8 20:55:49 2004
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From: "Ahrenholz, Jeffrey M" <jeffrey.m.ahrenholz@boeing.com>
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This seems a bit minor, but I was looking at the ECHO_REQUEST and
ECHO_RESPONSE and wondering why those under the signature (1022, 1024)
are non-critical, while the parameters outside the signature (65281,
65283) have the critical bit set?

-Jeff
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Tue Jun  8 21:47:43 2004
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From: Erik Nordmark <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>
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Subject: RE: [Hipsec] Recovery from state loss
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X-Original-Date: Tue, 8 Jun 2004 18:46:31 -0700 (PDT)
Date: Tue, 8 Jun 2004 18:46:31 -0700 (PDT)

> Another thing that is missing is the ability to explicitly disassociate
> or drop a HIP association, or perhaps to suspend one if one
> of the hosts goes off line for a while (this latter case could
> be part of the mobility/multi-homing work).

I've been looking at doing this for the NOID draft (which has signalling
similar to HIP if you ignore the security part).

Basically it seems to be possible to add a CLOSE and CLOSE-ACK message
plus time based rules (that the association is dropped if no packet
is received on the association in X minutes) and have the result
never end up with an unknown SPI due to one end dropping the association
while the other end retains the association.
This appears robust even if the network doesn't provide reachability
in one or both directions as an endpoint tries to  disassociate.

Would folks be interested in a writeup on something like this?

  Erik

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Subject: Re: [Hipsec] Milestone status
From: Lars.Eggert@netlab.nec.de
To: "Gonzalo Camarillo" <Gonzalo.Camarillo@ericsson.com>
Cc: "Lars Eggert" <lars.eggert@netlab.nec.de>,
        "Julien Laganier" <julien.laganier@sun.com>,
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> Lars, Julien,
>
> I have noticed that your draft uses the boilerplate that keeps the
> IETF
> from creating derivative work:
>
> "This document may not be modified, and derivative works of
>     it may not be created, except to publish it as an RFC and to
>     translate it into languages other than English."
>
> Could you please explain why did you decide to do so?

This is probably left over from my initial draft submission - I always
use "no derivative works" by default. I see no issue in relaxing this
restriction for this particular draft. Julien?

Lars
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Subject: Re: [Hipsec] Milestone status
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X-Original-Date: Wed, 09 Jun 2004 11:22:40 +0200
Date: Wed, 09 Jun 2004 11:22:40 +0200
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On Wednesday 09 June 2004 09:30, Lars.Eggert@netlab.nec.de wrote:
> > Lars, Julien,
> >
> > I have noticed that your draft uses the boilerplate that keeps
> > the IETF
> > from creating derivative work:
> >
> > "This document may not be modified, and derivative works of
> >     it may not be created, except to publish it as an RFC and to
> >     translate it into languages other than English."
> >
> > Could you please explain why did you decide to do so?
>
> This is probably left over from my initial draft submission - I
> always use "no derivative works" by default. I see no issue in
> relaxing this restriction for this particular draft. Julien?

Fine with me too.

--julien
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Fri Jun 11 07:46:01 2004
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X-Original-Date: Fri, 11 Jun 2004 14:39:16 +0300
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I submitted the first HIP WG version of the base draft just few minutes 
ago. There are not many changes to the 10-pre4 version. Changing from 
the old RFC2026 format to RFC3668 format generated most of the changes
and I made few small corrections according to received feedback.

You can find the submitted version (txt, html) and diff from 10-pre4:

http://hip4inter.net/documentation/drafts/draft-ietf-hip-base-00.txt
http://hip4inter.net/documentation/drafts/draft-ietf-hip-base-00.html
http://hip4inter.net/documentation/drafts/diff_10pre4_00.html

BR, Petri

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Host Identity Protocol Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Host Identity Protocol
	Author(s)	: R. Moskowitz, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-hip-base-00.txt
	Pages		: 98
	Date		: 2004-6-11
	
This memo specifies the details of the Host Identity Protocol (HIP).
   The overall description of protocol and the underlying architectural
   thinking is available in the separate HIP architecture specification.
   The Host Identity Protocol is used to establish a rapid
   authentication between two hosts and to provide continuity of
   communications between those hosts independent of the networking
   layer.


   The various forms of the Host Identity, Host Identity Tag (HIT) and
   Local Scope Identifier (LSI), are covered in detail.  It is described
   how they are used to support authentication and the establishment of
   keying material, which is then used by IPsec Encapsulated Security
   payload (ESP) to establish a two-way secured communication channel
   between the hosts.  The basic state machine for HIP provides a HIP
   compliant host with the resiliency to avoid many denial-of-service
   (DoS)attacks.  The basic HIP exchange for two public hosts shows the
   actual packet flow.  Other HIP exchanges, including those that work
   across NATs are covered elsewhere.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Tue Jun 15 11:19:25 2004
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From: Mika Kousa <mkousa@cc.hut.fi>
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Subject: Re: [Hipsec] Some mm-02-pre1 comments
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X-Original-Date: Tue, 15 Jun 2004 18:17:59 +0300 (EEST)
Date: Tue, 15 Jun 2004 18:17:59 +0300 (EEST)

More comments:

How can we inform the peer on multiple usable inbound SPIs ?

After the base exchange we have one SA with inbound SPI (let's say SPI_1),
associated with some IPv6 address A_1, similarly as in Figure 1 in chapter
5.1 of mm-02. Then we would like to add another network interface, so we
send an UPDATE packet which contains the addresses belonging to this
interface. When building this packet we create a new inbound SA with
SPI_2, add a REA parameter to the packet with SPI field set to SPI_2.

After adding REA we have to add the NES parameter. The New SPI field in
this NES is simple, it is set to SPI_2 (right ?). But what should we put
into the Old SPI field ? If we set it to SPI_1, then the SA corresponding
to SPI_1 is deleted when the reply UPDATE is received, therefore resulting
in a situation where we have only one inbound SA and not two separate
inbound SAs as should have been the case. Also, we can't just set Old SPI
to some fixed value, because 0-255 are reserved SPI values and the
remaining values can not be used because the SPI should be random anyway.
Third note is that I guess the Old SPI must match to some SPI which has
been in use before (if not, the received UPDATE packet is erroneous and
must be dropped).

Do we need a new parameter (or modify NES) for indicating that the old SAs
should not be deleted ? I read and re-read the draft several times but I
couldn't figure out how the simultaneous SPI/address associations can be
accomplished as in Figure 2 of chapter 5.1. Or have have just
misunderstood something..
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Mika Kousa [mailto:mkousa@cc.hut.fi]
> Sent: Tuesday, June 15, 2004 8:18 AM
> To: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
> Subject: Re: [Hipsec] Some mm-02-pre1 comments
>=20
>=20
> Do we need a new parameter (or modify NES) for indicating=20
> that the old SAs
> should not be deleted ? I read and re-read the draft several=20
> times but I
> couldn't figure out how the simultaneous SPI/address=20
> associations can be
> accomplished as in Figure 2 of chapter 5.1. Or have have just
> misunderstood something..

mm-02-pre1 doesn't deal with that issue explicitly.  I have
thought about setting old SPI =3D new SPI to indicate the
case for which the new SPI was not replacing anything.

Tom
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Wed Jun 16 08:37:09 2004
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Subject: [Hipsec] DNS draft and HI-locator relationship
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X-Original-Date: Wed, 16 Jun 2004 14:16:49 +0300 (EEST)
Date: Wed, 16 Jun 2004 14:16:49 +0300 (EEST)

The DNS draft does not explicitly mention about the relationship between a
HI and the associated locators, or perphaps I just missed it. The RR
records corresponding to an FQDN are "flat" and it is impossible to
associate a specific HI to a spefic locator. The ascii graphics below
hopefully illustrate my point:

     +---- FQDN ---+----+               FQDN
    /    /   \      \    \              /  \
  HI1   HI2   IP1    IP2  IP3          HI1  HI2
                                       / \    \
                                     IP1 IP2  IP3

In the left, the "flatness" of the RRs is shown. Implicitly, each HI is
associated with all of the locators. One the right, the "ideal"
association tree is shown, where it is possible to associate a specific HI
with only certain IP addresses.

Maybe this should be mentioned in the draft explicitly?

-- 
Miika Komu              miika@iki.fi          http://www.iki.fi/miika/
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To: Julien Laganier <Julien.Laganier@Sun.COM>
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Subject: Re: [Hipsec] Milestone status
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X-Original-Date: Wed, 16 Jun 2004 11:50:05 +0300 (EEST)
Date: Wed, 16 Jun 2004 11:50:05 +0300 (EEST)

On Wed, 19 May 2004, Julien Laganier wrote:

> Last but not least, a preliminary version of the DNS draft is
> available at:
>
> <http://julien.laganier.free.fr/pub/draft-nikander-hip-dns-00pre1.txt>
> <http://julien.laganier.free.fr/pub/draft-nikander-hip-dns-00pre1.html>
>
> We welcome any comments on this proposal. Note that, however, as I'll
> be in vacation until June, 1st, I won't be able to process comments
> until then.

1 Intro
- Perhaps it could be explicitly mentioned that (non-HAA) HITs and HIs
  without the FQDN cannot be resolved to anything for the time being. Or
  maybe you want to leave some space here.

3 Usage Scenarios
- may prevent him -> may prevent it
- A HIP responder use a Rendezvous Server -> uses
- Maybe something could be said about non-HIP nodes as well, such as
  "Non-HIP nodes should not use the HIP RR extensions for anything else
  than diagnostic purposes". Or maybe this just too obvious.

4.4 Providing multiple IP addresses
5.1.4 RDATA format public key
- text coming up in the next version?

Other than that, good work!

-- 
Miika Komu              miika@iki.fi          http://www.iki.fi/miika/
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Wed Jun 16 09:55:31 2004
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Subject: [Hipsec] draft-moskowitz-hip-arch expired
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X-Original-Date: Wed, 16 Jun 2004 15:53:50 +0200
Date: Wed, 16 Jun 2004 15:53:50 +0200

This is a cryptographically signed message in MIME format.

--------------ms060904030105010400050003
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Hi,

just realized that draft-moskowitz-hip-arch-05 has expired. Is there an 
update forthcoming?

Thanks,
Lars
-- 
Lars Eggert                                     NEC Network Laboratories

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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Thu Jun 17 08:05:40 2004
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From: Mika Kousa <mkousa@cc.hut.fi>
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Subject: Re: [Hipsec] Some mm-02-pre1 comments
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X-Original-Date: Thu, 17 Jun 2004 15:04:06 +0300 (EEST)
Date: Thu, 17 Jun 2004 15:04:06 +0300 (EEST)

There is a conflict in parameter type values: draft-ietf-hip-base-00
specifies SPI parameter as Type 1 and mm-02-pre1 draft specifies also that
REA parameter has Type 1. This should be fixed when final version of mm-02
is released.
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Fri Jun 18 09:45:46 2004
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Subject: [Hipsec] Comments on draft-eggert-hip-rendezvous-01pre1
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Hi,

Is there a problem (for example) in 7.2.3: Once the responder receives I1 with 
FROM parameter from the RVS, it sends the R1 straight to the Initiator.
The R1, that is sent, needs to have REA and VIA_RVS parameters added. The 
VIA_RVS is not covered by the signature, so it is not a problem. However, the 
REA parameter is. It effectively hinders us to use precreated R1s.
Now a trivial DoS attack would be to send I1s with FROM field and force the 
responder to create a lots of R1s.
The responder can have some intelligence, like checking that the I1 with FROM 
parameter originates from a certain IP address(es) but that is easily forged.


An another question related to the soft-HA (or RVA) creation:
When is the correct time to create the RVA? The HIP base draft says that the 
responder should transition to ESTABLISHED state no sooner than it has received 
ESP data for that connection or some time has passed.


Currently I've solved the above issues like this:

1) When an R1 is received and is discovered to be valid, its source IPv6 address 
is saved to the address list of the HIP Host Association in question. The rest 
of the base exchange uses this new address. This way we can use the precreated R1s.

2) As soon as the I2 is deemed to be valid and the R2 created, we create the 
RVA. We are in R2-SENT state at that time.

-- 
Kristian Slavov, Researcher
Helsinki Institute for Information Technology
Gsm: +358-40-7220960
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Subject: RE: [Hipsec] Milestone status
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From: <hannu.flinck@nokia.com>
To: <Julien.Laganier@Sun.COM>
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Hello Julien

I also read the draft. I have one question that might have an obvious =
answer, but it is not explicit in the draft.

Why is it that the section 4.1 "Different types of HITs" defines the =
HITs based on IPv6 addressing (i.e. to avoid the most commonly occurring =
IPv6 addresses). Is it because of the transition period mentioned in 4.2 =
only? Or is there some more fundamental reason?
What ever the reason could be it would be nice to have mentioned it.


- Hannu

> -----Original Message-----
> From: hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com
> [mailto:hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com]On Behalf Of ext Miika Komu
> Sent: 16 June, 2004 11:50
> To: Julien Laganier
> Cc: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
> Subject: Re: [Hipsec] Milestone status
>=20
>=20
> On Wed, 19 May 2004, Julien Laganier wrote:
>=20
> > Last but not least, a preliminary version of the DNS draft is
> > available at:
> >
> >=20
> <http://julien.laganier.free.fr/pub/draft-nikander-hip-dns-00pre1.txt>
> >=20
> <http://julien.laganier.free.fr/pub/draft-nikander-hip-dns-00p
re1.html>
>
> We welcome any comments on this proposal. Note that, however, as I'll
> be in vacation until June, 1st, I won't be able to process comments
> until then.

1 Intro
- Perhaps it could be explicitly mentioned that (non-HAA) HITs and HIs
  without the FQDN cannot be resolved to anything for the time being. Or
  maybe you want to leave some space here.

3 Usage Scenarios
- may prevent him -> may prevent it
- A HIP responder use a Rendezvous Server -> uses
- Maybe something could be said about non-HIP nodes as well, such as
  "Non-HIP nodes should not use the HIP RR extensions for anything else
  than diagnostic purposes". Or maybe this just too obvious.

4.4 Providing multiple IP addresses
5.1.4 RDATA format public key
- text coming up in the next version?

Other than that, good work!

--=20
Miika Komu              miika@iki.fi          http://www.iki.fi/miika/
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Fri Jun 18 15:07:49 2004
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From: Tim Shepard <shep@alum.mit.edu>
To: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
Cc: Jake Beal <jakebeal@MIT.EDU>
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Subject: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism
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X-Original-Date: Fri, 18 Jun 2004 15:07:10 -0400
Date: Fri, 18 Jun 2004 15:07:10 -0400



Jake Beal (CC: above) and I have been thinking about the puzzle
mechanisms and how to implement a server in a way that allows it to
defend itself against attack.  (We are working on a paper.)

We believe there are a few minor things about the way the puzzle
mechanism is described in draft-ietf-hip-base-00.txt that need to be
improved to allow for robust implementation of the puzzle mechanism.


Use elapsed time, not number of solutions tried
-----------------------------------------------

In section 4.1.1 HIP Cookie Mechanism, it says the client SHOULD
give up after trying 2^(K+2) different numbers for J.  Appendix C
describes the probabilities for finding a solution given a number of
tries.

Since different clients may have widely differing processing speeds,
we believe it would be better if the client should try for a given
amount of time before giving up.  Otherwise, allowing sufficient
time for slow clients to submit solutions impedes the servers
deprecation of old puzzles.

Note that giving up and retrying with a new puzzle does not increase
the total expected time (or cycles) spent finding a valid puzzle
solution. (For example, 50 tries with one puzzle and 50 tries with
another puzzle is just as likely to produce a solution as 100 tries
with one puzzle.)

What a client needs to know is not how many tries it should make,
but rather for how long in the future will a solution to this puzzle
be accepted by the server.

So either the protocol should deliver a number of seconds with a
puzzle to tell the client how much time it may spend trying to solve
this puzzle, or a fixed amount of time (one minute?, two minutes?)
should be specified in the protocol.

Note that this could obviate the need for the R1 counter mechanism,
and we believe that a time-remaining mechanism is simpler and more
reliable than a counter mechanism.  (Note that a time-remaining
mechanism is significantly less demanding than the timestamp
mechanism considered earlier.)

Note this still will leave many options for the server.  The server
could continue to issue or accept the same puzzle far beyond the
explicit or implicit timeout implied by delivering the puzzle in any
particular R1 packet.  A client that that tried to solve a puzzle
and ran out of time will perform a new I1-R1 exchange, and then
continue to search for a puzzle solution with whatever puzzle
arrives in the new R1.  The server may have reissued the same
puzzle, in which case the client should make sure that it will not
retry the same set of J values that failed to find a solution last
time.  (A little randomness here would suffice.)

So if you like our proposal to use elapsed time instead of number of
J values tried, we need to decide whether how long the puzzle should
be valid is carried explicitly in the R1 packet or is simply written
into the protocol specification (and carried implicitly by the
delivery of a puzzle in an R1 packet).

Appendix C should be revised (or perhaps removed?) if this proposal
is adopted.


Dropping I2s to shed load
-------------------------

Servers need to be able to shed load.  Even with the puzzle
mechanism, it is possible for a server to be overwhelmed with valid
I2s and some of those I2s will need to be dropped (as they overflow
the queue for processing of the DH exponentiation).

How the server should tune the puzzle difficulty remains an
interesting research question.  No matter what mechanism is used to
tune the difficulty of the puzzle, we believe there will still be
scenarios where the arrival rate of I2s exceeds the server's capacity
to process them (e.g. flash crowds).

It must not be the case that aggressive retransmission of puzzle
solutions improves the chances of an attacker's puzzle solutions being
serviced.  Therefore the server will need to remember (with perhaps a
Bloom filter) what legitimate puzzle solutions have already been
submitted, so that they can be persistantly dropped.

When the server sheds load by choosing to persisitantly drop the
puzzle solution presented in an I2, we need a mechanism to say to the
client:

   Your puzzle solution was recevied by the server and was valid.
   However, the server is suffering under some kind of overload and
   has chosen to shed load by rejecting your request.  You may retry
   if you wish, however you MUST find another (different) puzzle
   solution for any such retries.  Note that you may need to obtain a
   new puzzle with a new I1/R1 exchange (e.g. if there is not
   sufficient time left or if the puzzle and/or puzzle difficulty has
   been changed).

It seems like a new NOTIFY parameter (e.g. SERVER_BUSY_PLEASE_RETRY)
would satisfy this need.   


Acknowledge I2s before sending R2s?
-----------------------------------

When the server's queue for processing I2s is long, and the network
path has a significant drop rate, then there is no good way for the
client to set the timer for retransmission of the I2 packet.  If there
was some way to separate the communication delay from the server's
queueing and processing delay, then the client could set the
retransmission timer for the I2 more appropriately.

So should receipt of a valid I2 be acknowledged, perhaps optionally
depending upon the anticipated delay before the server can produce
an R2?

If there should be this acknowledgement mechanism, should it also be
done with a NOTIFY paramater?



	-Tim Shepard
	 shep@alum.mit.edu


         Jacob Beal
         jakebeal@mit.edu
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Sat Jun 19 05:13:50 2004
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X-Original-Date: Sat, 19 Jun 2004 12:12:48 +0300 (EEST)
Date: Sat, 19 Jun 2004 12:12:48 +0300 (EEST)

On Fri, 18 Jun 2004 hannu.flinck@nokia.com wrote:

> Why is it that the section 4.1 "Different types of HITs" defines the
> HITs based on IPv6 addressing (i.e. to avoid the most commonly occurring
> IPv6 addresses). Is it because of the transition period mentioned in 4.2
> only?

One practical reason is related to the implementations. The "legacy HIP
API" for the applications is a kludge because the main concern in it is to
trigger HIP base exchange from the application layer. The HITs are
contained in sockaddr_in6 socket address structure in an application, with
the family set to AF_INET6 (at least in our implementation). The "HIP
module" catches these HITs that are disguised as IPv6 addresses and can
tell the difference between an IPv6 address and a HIT by the upper bits in
the address.

I am going to propose a cleaner alternative to this later this month. The
proposal includes a new family, PF_HIP, which dimishes the need for the
upper bits of HIT for comparing with IPv6 addresses.

-- 
Miika Komu              miika@iki.fi          http://www.iki.fi/miika/
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From: Tim Shepard <shep@alum.mit.edu>
To: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
Cc: Jake Beal <jakebeal@MIT.EDU>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism 
In-reply-to: Your message of Fri, 18 Jun 2004 15:07:10 -0400.
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> Note that this could obviate the need for the R1 counter mechanism,
> and we believe that a time-remaining mechanism is simpler and more
> reliable than a counter mechanism.  (Note that a time-remaining
> mechanism is significantly less demanding than the timestamp
> mechanism considered earlier.)

Well, we weren't thinking of the replay protection that the R1 counter
mechanism is supposed to provide when we said that.

So ignore that paragraph.

Our motivation for the time-remaining mechanism is to replace the
2^(K+2) tries since there is no good way to tune for how long
solutions to a given puzzle should be accepted if the clients have
widely varrying processing speeds.

Man in the middle attacks aimed at denial of service are difficult
(impossible?) to defend against with end-to-end protocols.   So I'm
not sure that there is any effective mechanism for defending against a
MITM attack which wants to reply old R1 packets.

			-Tim Shepard
			 shep@alum.mit.edu
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Mon Jun 21 04:44:05 2004
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From: Julien Laganier <Julien.Laganier@Sun.COM>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] Comments on draft-eggert-hip-rendezvous-01pre1
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X-Original-Date: Mon, 21 Jun 2004 10:42:54 +0200
Date: Mon, 21 Jun 2004 10:42:54 +0200
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On Friday 18 June 2004 15:44, Kristian Slavov wrote:
> Hi,
>
> Is there a problem (for example) in 7.2.3: Once the responder
> receives I1 with FROM parameter from the RVS, it sends the R1
> straight to the Initiator. The R1, that is sent, needs to have REA
> and VIA_RVS parameters added. The VIA_RVS is not covered by the
> signature, so it is not a problem. However, the REA parameter is.
> It effectively hinders us to use precreated R1s. 

The REA parameter contain the _responder_'s IP addess, which is not 
supposed to change with each initiator attempting to associate. So we 
can precompute a pool of R1 per responder's IP address.

> Now a trivial DoS 
> attack would be to send I1s with FROM field and force the responder
> to create a lots of R1s.
> The responder can have some intelligence, like checking that the I1
> with FROM parameter originates from a certain IP address(es) but
> that is easily forged.

I don't think this applies.

> An another question related to the soft-HA (or RVA) creation:
> When is the correct time to create the RVA? The HIP base draft says
> that the responder should transition to ESTABLISHED state no sooner
> than it has received ESP data for that connection or some time has
> passed.

While creating a RVA, I believe that the responder (i.e., the RVS) 
should  transition to ESTABLISHED state  no sooner than it has 
received incoming R1s to be relayed, or some time has passed. That 
way we are consistent with the HA state model.  

> Currently I've solved the above issues like this:
>
> 1) When an R1 is received and is discovered to be valid, its source
> IPv6 address is saved to the address list of the HIP Host
> Association in question. The rest of the base exchange uses this
> new address. This way we can use the precreated R1s.
>
> 2) As soon as the I2 is deemed to be valid and the R2 created, we
> create the RVA. We are in R2-SENT state at that time.

This is equivalent to the HA state model with a time limit of zero. 
What do people think of this issue? 

Thanks,

--julien
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From: Julien Laganier <Julien.Laganier@Sun.COM>
Subject: [Hipsec] DNS draft (Was: Milestone status)
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On Wednesday 16 June 2004 10:50, Miika Komu wrote:
>
> 1 Intro
> - Perhaps it could be explicitly mentioned that (non-HAA) HITs and
> HIs without the FQDN cannot be resolved to anything for the time
> being. Or maybe you want to leave some space here.

Yes it was intentionnal, because I believe some folks are working on a 
DHT-based lookup on HIs.

> 3 Usage Scenarios
> - may prevent him -> may prevent it
> - A HIP responder use a Rendezvous Server -> uses
> - Maybe something could be said about non-HIP nodes as well, such
> as "Non-HIP nodes should not use the HIP RR extensions for anything
> else than diagnostic purposes". Or maybe this just too obvious.

Perhaps adding the following sentence: "Note that, storing HIP RR 
informations in the DNS at a FQDN which is assigned to a non-HIP 
node, might have very bad effects on its reachability by HIP nodes"

> 4.4 Providing multiple IP addresses
> 5.1.4 RDATA format public key
> - text coming up in the next version?

Yes.

> Other than that, good work!

Thanks!

--julien
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From: Julien Laganier <Julien.Laganier@Sun.COM>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] DNS draft and HI-locator relationship
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On Wednesday 16 June 2004 13:16, Miika Komu wrote:
> The DNS draft does not explicitly mention about the relationship
> between a HI and the associated locators, or perphaps I just missed
> it. The RR records corresponding to an FQDN are "flat" and it is
> impossible to associate a specific HI to a spefic locator. The
> ascii graphics below hopefully illustrate my point:
>
>      +---- FQDN ---+----+               FQDN
>     /    /   \      \    \              /  \
>   HI1   HI2   IP1    IP2  IP3          HI1  HI2
>                                        / \    \
>                                      IP1 IP2  IP3
>
> In the left, the "flatness" of the RRs is shown. Implicitly, each
> HI is associated with all of the locators. One the right, the
> "ideal" association tree is shown, where it is possible to
> associate a specific HI with only certain IP addresses.

I like the 'ideal' model, because it might be very useful for doing 
load balancing on a single FQDN which map to multiple hosts, with 
their own HI, and their own set of IP addresses. 

> Maybe this should be mentioned in the draft explicitly?

True, but at the time I wrote I wasn't able to design something good 
enough allowing the 'ideal' model, so I choose to keep this question 
out of the draft for the time being....

About the ideal model, where a HI has a certain pool of IP addresses, 
this means that, either:

o you are able to resolve an HI into a set of IP address, but at this 
time we don't have yet a proper way to implement this lookup (DHT 
might be one solution)

o you store IP addresses in the DNS within a new HIP RR, said HIPLOC, 
along with either the HI or an index to it (or perhaps the HIT), 
allowing to map between several HI and  IP addresses. 

At this point I'm not sure which of the options above makes the most 
sense. Perhaps other HIPpies have an opinion on that topic?

Thanks,

--julien
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From: Julien Laganier <Julien.Laganier@Sun.COM>
Subject: [Hipsec] DNS draft (Was: Milestone status)
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On Friday 18 June 2004 15:46, hannu.flinck@nokia.com wrote:
> Hello Julien

Hi Hannu,

> I also read the draft. I have one question that might have an
> obvious answer, but it is not explicit in the draft.
>
> Why is it that the section 4.1 "Different types of HITs" defines
> the HITs based on IPv6 addressing (i.e. to avoid the most commonly
> occurring IPv6 addresses). Is it because of the transition period
> mentioned in 4.2 only? Or is there some more fundamental reason?

The main reason, as Miika explained, is to be able to use the legacy 
IPv6 API (socket w/ AF_INET6) with HITs in place of IP addresses. 
That way it's easier to distinhuish between a HIT or an IPv6 address.

I can remember, also, that at some point there was both pure-HITs and 
IPv6-compatible HITs, the latter being basically the same with the 
two first bits rewritten to avoid commom IPv6 address... 

IMHO, the true question is, do we need more than 126 bits for fighting 
against collision attacks on HITs? If so, would 128 bits be 
sufficient?

AFAICT, 126 bits are enough, and it nicely allows to mix IPv6 
addresses and HITs in the APIs, so I would prefer sticking to 126...

> What ever the reason could be it would be nice to have mentioned
> it.

I'll add some text.

Thanks,

--julien
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Subject: RE: [Hipsec] DNS draft (Was: Milestone status)
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Thank you Miika and Julien

I can see the reasoning for this. However, if I gather correct HITs are =
not used for routing and do not appear on wire in the IPv6 header, thus =
blending them might not be the most best approach. As it appears to me =
now, the IPv6 address space is used to guide the HIP layer. But if this =
is not a local activity (is it?) and you may not need to use globally =
routable addresses for this.=20

Regards Hannu

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Julien.Laganier@sun.com [mailto:Julien.Laganier@sun.com]
> Sent: 21 June, 2004 12:41
> To: Flinck Hannu (Nokia-NRC/Helsinki)
> Cc: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
> Subject: [Hipsec] DNS draft (Was: Milestone status)
>=20
>=20
> On Friday 18 June 2004 15:46, hannu.flinck@nokia.com wrote:
> > Hello Julien
>=20
> Hi Hannu,
>=20
> > I also read the draft. I have one question that might have an
> > obvious answer, but it is not explicit in the draft.
> >
> > Why is it that the section 4.1 "Different types of HITs" defines
> > the HITs based on IPv6 addressing (i.e. to avoid the most commonly
> > occurring IPv6 addresses). Is it because of the transition period
> > mentioned in 4.2 only? Or is there some more fundamental reason?
>=20
> The main reason, as Miika explained, is to be able to use the legacy=20
> IPv6 API (socket w/ AF_INET6) with HITs in place of IP addresses.=20
> That way it's easier to distinhuish between a HIT or an IPv6 address.
>=20
> I can remember, also, that at some point there was both pure-HITs and=20
> IPv6-compatible HITs, the latter being basically the same with the=20
> two first bits rewritten to avoid commom IPv6 address...=20
>=20
> IMHO, the true question is, do we need more than 126 bits for=20
> fighting=20
> against collision attacks on HITs? If so, would 128 bits be=20
> sufficient?
>=20
> AFAICT, 126 bits are enough, and it nicely allows to mix IPv6=20
> addresses and HITs in the APIs, so I would prefer sticking to 126...
>=20
> > What ever the reason could be it would be nice to have mentioned
> > it.
>=20
> I'll add some text.
>=20
> Thanks,
>=20
> --julien
>=20
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From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] DNS draft (Was: Milestone status)
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Thanks, Julien, for a very nice first version.

Some specific comments, in no particular order:

>  The Host Identity  Protocol[10] allows two HIP nodes to establish two 
> pairs of bidirectional IPsec Security Association.

The above statement is not quite right.  IPsec SAs are always
unidirectional.  And there aren't two pairs of them, just one
pair of them.  Hence, please reword.

>  Hence the desire
-> Hence, there is a desire
(otherwise it would be an incomplete sentence)

> it first needs to perform an HIP base exchange to  set-up a HIP 
> association between themselves.

s/between themselves/towards its peer/   or something like that.
Currently it is not clear what is "them".

>  There are two types of HITs.

-> There are _currently_ two types of HITs defined.

I agree with Hannu's and others' comments on the HIT format
on Section 4.1, and I am looking forward on alternatives.
On thing that we may need to do is to separate the format
of HITs are used in the protocol and the format of HITs
used in the legacy IPv6 API.

I am unsure about the language "SHOULD be able to store",
and its meaning.  Usually RFC2119 terms are used to
define protocol practices, not operational practices.

Section 5.1.1:

> 1 A 128-bit HAA is present
Seems like there is a bug or two in the above.

--Pekka


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From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism 
To: Tim Shepard <shep@alum.mit.edu>
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Tim,

> Our motivation for the time-remaining mechanism is to replace the
> 2^(K+2) tries since there is no good way to tune for how long
> solutions to a given puzzle should be accepted if the clients have
> widely varrying processing speeds.

I think that (at least) this part of your proposal is very
worth of adopting.  (I haven't had time to really think about
the rest.)

Do you have a any preference whether to use a global value or
add an option to the base protocol now?   Remember that such
an option could always be added later, now that we have this
extensible protocol.

--Pekka

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From: Andrew McGregor <andrew@indranet.co.nz>
To: hannu.flinck@nokia.com, hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
Subject: RE: [Hipsec] DNS draft (Was: Milestone status)
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As I recall, we (Tim, Pekka and myself, and perhaps some others I have 
forgotten, sorry) had a long discussion about the required size of HITs 
embedded in IPv6 space during the San Francisco IETF, and came to the 
conclusion that even 112 bits would be fine (i.e. /16).  Basically, we need 
to double the number to gain a substantial security benefit, which is 
impossible within an IPv6 address, therefore a conservative allocation of 
IPv6 space for the purpose is fine.

We never expected that these would be routable; on the contrary.  However, 
they do need to be distinguishable from routable addresses in the legacy 
IPv6 API (in effect, we route them into the HIP stack).

Andrew

--On Monday, 21 June 2004 12:54 p.m. +0300 hannu.flinck@nokia.com wrote:

>
> Thank you Miika and Julien
>
> I can see the reasoning for this. However, if I gather correct HITs are
> not used for routing and do not appear on wire in the IPv6 header, thus
> blending them might not be the most best approach. As it appears to me
> now, the IPv6 address space is used to guide the HIP layer. But if this
> is not a local activity (is it?) and you may not need to use globally
> routable addresses for this.
>
> Regards Hannu
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: Julien.Laganier@sun.com [mailto:Julien.Laganier@sun.com]
>> Sent: 21 June, 2004 12:41
>> To: Flinck Hannu (Nokia-NRC/Helsinki)
>> Cc: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
>> Subject: [Hipsec] DNS draft (Was: Milestone status)
>>
>>
>> On Friday 18 June 2004 15:46, hannu.flinck@nokia.com wrote:
>> > Hello Julien
>>
>> Hi Hannu,
>>
>> > I also read the draft. I have one question that might have an
>> > obvious answer, but it is not explicit in the draft.
>> >
>> > Why is it that the section 4.1 "Different types of HITs" defines
>> > the HITs based on IPv6 addressing (i.e. to avoid the most commonly
>> > occurring IPv6 addresses). Is it because of the transition period
>> > mentioned in 4.2 only? Or is there some more fundamental reason?
>>
>> The main reason, as Miika explained, is to be able to use the legacy
>> IPv6 API (socket w/ AF_INET6) with HITs in place of IP addresses.
>> That way it's easier to distinhuish between a HIT or an IPv6 address.
>>
>> I can remember, also, that at some point there was both pure-HITs and
>> IPv6-compatible HITs, the latter being basically the same with the
>> two first bits rewritten to avoid commom IPv6 address...
>>
>> IMHO, the true question is, do we need more than 126 bits for
>> fighting
>> against collision attacks on HITs? If so, would 128 bits be
>> sufficient?
>>
>> AFAICT, 126 bits are enough, and it nicely allows to mix IPv6
>> addresses and HITs in the APIs, so I would prefer sticking to 126...
>>
>> > What ever the reason could be it would be nice to have mentioned
>> > it.
>>
>> I'll add some text.
>>
>> Thanks,
>>
>> --julien
>>
> _______________________________________________
> Hipsec mailing list
> Hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
> http://honor.trusecure.com/mailman/listinfo/hipsec
>
>



---------
Andrew McGregor
Director, Scientific Advisor
IndraNet Technologies Ltd
http://www.indranet-technologies.com/

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X-Original-Date: Mon, 21 Jun 2004 13:08:34 +0300 (EEST)
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On Mon, 21 Jun 2004, Julien Laganier wrote:

> > 3 Usage Scenarios
> > ...
> > - Maybe something could be said about non-HIP nodes as well, such
> > as "Non-HIP nodes should not use the HIP RR extensions for anything
> > else than diagnostic purposes". Or maybe this just too obvious.
>
> Perhaps adding the following sentence: "Note that, storing HIP RR
> informations in the DNS at a FQDN which is assigned to a non-HIP
> node, might have very bad effects on its reachability by HIP nodes"

Ok.

-- 
Miika Komu              miika@iki.fi          http://www.iki.fi/miika/
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X-Original-Date: Mon, 21 Jun 2004 13:29:38 +0300 (EEST)
Date: Mon, 21 Jun 2004 13:29:38 +0300 (EEST)

On Mon, 21 Jun 2004, Julien Laganier wrote:

> About the ideal model, where a HI has a certain pool of IP addresses,
> this means that, either:
>
> o you are able to resolve an HI into a set of IP address, but at this
> time we don't have yet a proper way to implement this lookup (DHT
> might be one solution)
>
> o you store IP addresses in the DNS within a new HIP RR, said HIPLOC,
> along with either the HI or an index to it (or perhaps the HIT),
> allowing to map between several HI and  IP addresses.
>
> At this point I'm not sure which of the options above makes the most
> sense. Perhaps other HIPpies have an opinion on that topic?

IMHO, the DHT approach is more elegant than the HIPLOC. Still, the HIPLOC
seems more practical because we don't know if we will ever have the DHT
stuff anyway.

-- 
Miika Komu              miika@iki.fi          http://www.iki.fi/miika/
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Hi,

On Monday 21 June 2004 12:59, Pekka Nikander wrote:
>
> > Our motivation for the time-remaining mechanism is to replace the
> > 2^(K+2) tries since there is no good way to tune for how long
> > solutions to a given puzzle should be accepted if the clients have
> > widely varrying processing speeds.
>
> I think that (at least) this part of your proposal is very
> worth of adopting.  (I haven't had time to really think about
> the rest.)
>
> Do you have a any preference whether to use a global value or
> add an option to the base protocol now?   Remember that such
> an option could always be added later, now that we have this
> extensible protocol.

I think that this should be optional TLV in the R1 and if present one should 
not try to solve the puzzle longer than the time-remaining indicates or 
2^(K+2) times.

What do others think?

> > Dropping I2s to shed load

If we would have a server busy notification wouldn't that be a way for the 
attacker to know that she has succeeded, if she is trying to just overload 
the server?

> > Acknowledge I2s before sending R2s?

I don't think this is really necessary nor wise. I think this just adds 
complexity that really is not needed. What would the initiator do when he 
receives this notification? Double the timer for waiting R2? Would these 
notifications be sent periodically until the R2 is sent?

   Regards,
	Jan
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Mon Jun 21 08:14:07 2004
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From: Julien Laganier <Julien.Laganier@Sun.COM>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism
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On Sunday 20 June 2004 19:14, Tim Shepard wrote:
> > Note that this could obviate the need for the R1 counter
> > mechanism, and we believe that a time-remaining mechanism is
> > simpler and more reliable than a counter mechanism.  (Note that a
> > time-remaining mechanism is significantly less demanding than the
> > timestamp mechanism considered earlier.)
>
> Well, we weren't thinking of the replay protection that the R1
> counter mechanism is supposed to provide when we said that.
>
> So ignore that paragraph.
>
> Our motivation for the time-remaining mechanism is to replace the
> 2^(K+2) tries since there is no good way to tune for how long
> solutions to a given puzzle should be accepted if the clients have
> widely varrying processing speeds.

I agree with the proposed changes... Indeed, my implementation gave up 
after 10 seconds of failed attempts to solve the puzzle.

Tnx,

--julien
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Julien Laganier wrote:
> On Friday 18 June 2004 15:44, Kristian Slavov wrote:
> 
>>Hi,
>>
>>Is there a problem (for example) in 7.2.3: Once the responder
>>receives I1 with FROM parameter from the RVS, it sends the R1
>>straight to the Initiator. The R1, that is sent, needs to have REA
>>and VIA_RVS parameters added. The VIA_RVS is not covered by the
>>signature, so it is not a problem. However, the REA parameter is.
>>It effectively hinders us to use precreated R1s. 
> 
> 
> The REA parameter contain the _responder_'s IP addess, which is not 
> supposed to change with each initiator attempting to associate. So we 
> can precompute a pool of R1 per responder's IP address.

The pool aproach might be inefficient in long run. We would have
a situation where there are 4 variables in R1: DH group, puzzle K, HI and the
responder's IPv6 address. Now, say we have 2 different values for each
of the variables. That means 2^4 different R1s and we probably will want
to have more than one of each R1 (say 10). So, we will need to create
160 R1s.

However, I don't have anything better to suggest right now.

-- 
Kristian Slavov, Researcher
Helsinki Institute for Information Technology
Gsm: +358-40-7220960
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Subject: RE: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jan Mikael Melen [mailto:Jan.Melen@nomadiclab.com]=20
> Sent: Monday, June 21, 2004 5:11 AM
> To: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
> Cc: Pekka Nikander; Tim Shepard; Jake Beal
> Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to=20
> puzzle mechanism
>=20
>=20
> Hi,
>=20
> On Monday 21 June 2004 12:59, Pekka Nikander wrote:
> >
> > > Our motivation for the time-remaining mechanism is to replace the
> > > 2^(K+2) tries since there is no good way to tune for how long
> > > solutions to a given puzzle should be accepted if the clients have
> > > widely varrying processing speeds.
> >
> > I think that (at least) this part of your proposal is very
> > worth of adopting.  (I haven't had time to really think about
> > the rest.)
> >
> > Do you have a any preference whether to use a global value or
> > add an option to the base protocol now?   Remember that such
> > an option could always be added later, now that we have this
> > extensible protocol.
>=20
> I think that this should be optional TLV in the R1 and if=20
> present one should=20
> not try to solve the puzzle longer than the time-remaining=20
> indicates or=20
> 2^(K+2) times.
>=20
> What do others think?

Basically, this amounts to a mechanism to allow for faster
puzzle rotation in the presence of slow clients.  The tradeoff
is that it may require multiple I1/R1 exchanges for a slow
client to get a solution.  An alternative would be to allow
for a slow host to figure this out on its own when its puzzle
solutions are rejected as being solutions to stale puzzles
(but I see that we presently do not have a NOTIFY code for
"expired puzzle").

If we explicitly signal the puzzle lifetime, we could also=20
redefine the Puzzle parameter to include a TTL, either by taking=20
a byte from "Opaque" or by putting optional bytes at the end=20
of the parameter. =20

>=20
> > > Dropping I2s to shed load
>=20
> If we would have a server busy notification wouldn't that be=20
> a way for the=20
> attacker to know that she has succeeded, if she is trying to=20
> just overload=20
> the server?

In the absence of an explicit overload notification, do you=20
think that an attacker would be discouraged from attacking? =20

>=20
> > > Acknowledge I2s before sending R2s?
>=20

Perhaps instead the optional TLV (or another optional TLV, or
the Puzzle) in the R1 has a recommended "server load" time to=20
add to the normal I2 retransmission time? =20

Tom
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Mon Jun 21 11:11:09 2004
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Folks,

We have now a separate mailing list for the to-be HIP RG.
I've mass subscribed those that previously indicated that
they are willing to act as founding members for the RG.
Others are free to subscribe.  I expect Vern to put up
the RG charter page shortly, as it has been pending on this
mailing list issue.

More info and subscription instructions can be found at
http://honor.trusecure.com/mailman/listinfo/hipsec-rg

--Pekka

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Hi Pekka,

On Monday 21 June 2004 11:55, Pekka Nikander wrote:
> Thanks, Julien, for a very nice first version.
>
> Some specific comments, in no particular order:
> >  The Host Identity  Protocol[10] allows two HIP nodes to
> > establish two pairs of bidirectional IPsec Security Association.
>
> The above statement is not quite right.  IPsec SAs are always
> unidirectional.  And there aren't two pairs of them, just one
> pair of them.  Hence, please reword.

Ok, I was counting on the two hosts... :)

> >  Hence the desire
>
> -> Hence, there is a desire
> (otherwise it would be an incomplete sentence)

Ok.

> > it first needs to perform an HIP base exchange to  set-up a HIP
> > association between themselves.
>
> s/between themselves/towards its peer/   or something like that.
> Currently it is not clear what is "them".
>
> >  There are two types of HITs.
>
> -> There are _currently_ two types of HITs defined.
>
> I agree with Hannu's and others' comments on the HIT format
> on Section 4.1, and I am looking forward on alternatives.
> On thing that we may need to do is to separate the format
> of HITs are used in the protocol and the format of HITs
> used in the legacy IPv6 API.

I'll try to insert a little summary of the discussion on this topic, 
as well as alternatives to the current situation. 

BTW, I agree that we might need to differentiate between HITs (those 
used in the protocol) and HITs representation (used in legacy API), 
but in the meanti 

> I am unsure about the language "SHOULD be able to store",
> and its meaning.  Usually RFC2119 terms are used to
> define protocol practices, not operational practices.

Ok.

> Section 5.1.1:
> > 1 A 128-bit HAA is present
>
> Seems like there is a bug or two in the above.

Right, also the public key RDATA is missing. I'll fix these bugs 
before submitting.

> --Pekka

Thanks for the comments,

--julien
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Tue Jun 22 07:42:13 2004
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From: Jan Mikael Melen <Jan.Melen@nomadiclab.com>
To: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism
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X-Original-Date: Tue, 22 Jun 2004 14:40:50 +0300
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Hi,

Solving puzzles issue and I2 retransmission timeout issue:

In R1 we need two timer values TTL for a puzzle and I2 processing delay. Also 
there is a question about adding a NOTIFY.

One byte should be more than enough for puzzle TTL. In the absence of this TTL 
value the puzzle is considered to be valid for next 256 seconds (as it would 
if TTL field would be 0xff+1, same as setting the byte to zero, absence is 
indicated by zero value in this field).

For I2 server delay we would probably need 16 bit value that would indicate 
the value to be added in to normal I2 retransmission time in milliseconds 
which would mean that the range is from 0...65535ms that should be enough?

Now where do we put these?

Proposal: 
- Puzzle TTL in to the puzzle TLV by reducing the size of opaque field with 
one byte. New TLV would be: 1 byte k, 1 byte TTL, 2 bytes Opaque and 8 bytes 
random I.

- Modify the text in section 4.1.1 stating that client should try find a 
solution for a given amount of time before giving up or if time has not been 
specified for 256s. Remove Appendix C completely.

- Add a new NOTIFY SERVER_BUSY_PLEASE_RETRY which the server MAY send to the 
Initiator in case it is under severe load. Not mandatory in which case the 
Initiator would act as if the I2 would have been dropped by the network.

- Add a new optional TLV in R1 for the I2 retransmission timeout called 
I2_PROCESSING_DELAY. This TLV would contain 2 bytes reserved and 2 bytes 
indicating processing delay on the server end.

Is this okay?

On Monday 21 June 2004 18:09, Henderson, Thomas R wrote:
>
> Basically, this amounts to a mechanism to allow for faster
> puzzle rotation in the presence of slow clients.  The tradeoff
> is that it may require multiple I1/R1 exchanges for a slow
> client to get a solution.  An alternative would be to allow
> for a slow host to figure this out on its own when its puzzle
> solutions are rejected as being solutions to stale puzzles
> (but I see that we presently do not have a NOTIFY code for
> "expired puzzle").
>
> If we explicitly signal the puzzle lifetime, we could also
> redefine the Puzzle parameter to include a TTL, either by taking
> a byte from "Opaque" or by putting optional bytes at the end
> of the parameter.

	Jan
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Tue Jun 22 08:08:11 2004
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From: Tim Shepard <shep@alum.mit.edu>
To: Jan Mikael Melen <Jan.Melen@nomadiclab.com>
Cc: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com,
        "Henderson,     Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism 
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X-Original-Date: Tue, 22 Jun 2004 08:06:28 -0400
Date: Tue, 22 Jun 2004 08:06:28 -0400


It is not so much the I2 processing delay that we were worried about,
but rather the delay that the proccessing of the I2 will see because a
queue has (perhaps suddenly) built up on the server.  I could imagine
scenarios where the time spent in this queue is many 10s of seconds,
while the round trip time is only 100 ms or less.  When a client is in
this situation, but is behind a lossy link (which, for example, is
dropping 20% of the packets), you leave the client in a situation
where it would have to wait many 10s of seconds to conclude that a
packet had been dropped, if there is no acknowledgement of the I2.

So I do not think that telling the client what delay to expect in the
processing of its I2 is useful.

TCP retransmits SYN packets much more aggressively than that.


Note that a lost I2, if not recovered via a quick retransmission, may
cause a solved puzzle to soon become useless, causing the client
(perhaps an energy-limited client) to have to start over and solve a
new puzzle.  That seems to be a severe penalty for a single dropped
packet.

			-Tim Shepard
			 shep@alum.mit.edu
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Tue Jun 22 09:18:11 2004
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From: Jan Mikael Melen <Jan.Melen@nomadiclab.com>
To: Tim Shepard <shep@alum.mit.edu>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism
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X-Original-Date: Tue, 22 Jun 2004 16:16:48 +0300
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Hi,

Tim, yes you have a point of not introducing the processing delay of the 
server. But let's imagine the following situation:

Initiator has already sent a I2 and received acknowledment for it. 

Now the user behind the computer is beginning to be frustrated as nothing is 
happening after a few seconds. He is already starting to bang the keyboard. 
What should the HIP daemon do?

A) Retransmit the I2 and ignore that it got an acknowledgment from the 
previous I2? This same as if the responder had not sent the acknowledgement 
in the first place.

B) Just sit wait for R2 as the user bangs the keyboard? The R2 might as well 
be lost due lossy link and still the Initiator just waits due to fact that it 
has gotten acknowledgement from the responder. R2 message has no timeout 
mechanism that would ensure it's retransmission.

These just might be stupid questions...

  Regards,
	Jan

On Tuesday 22 June 2004 15:06, Tim Shepard wrote:
> It is not so much the I2 processing delay that we were worried about,
> but rather the delay that the proccessing of the I2 will see because a
> queue has (perhaps suddenly) built up on the server.  I could imagine
> scenarios where the time spent in this queue is many 10s of seconds,
> while the round trip time is only 100 ms or less.  When a client is in
> this situation, but is behind a lossy link (which, for example, is
> dropping 20% of the packets), you leave the client in a situation
> where it would have to wait many 10s of seconds to conclude that a
> packet had been dropped, if there is no acknowledgement of the I2.
>
> So I do not think that telling the client what delay to expect in the
> processing of its I2 is useful.
>
> TCP retransmits SYN packets much more aggressively than that.
>
>
> Note that a lost I2, if not recovered via a quick retransmission, may
> cause a solved puzzle to soon become useless, causing the client
> (perhaps an energy-limited client) to have to start over and solve a
> new puzzle.  That seems to be a severe penalty for a single dropped
> packet.
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Tue Jun 22 09:33:11 2004
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        "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism 
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> A) Retransmit the I2 and ignore that it got an acknowledgment from the 
> previous I2? This same as if the responder had not sent the acknowledgement 
> in the first place.
> 
> B) Just sit wait for R2 as the user bangs the keyboard? The R2 might as well 
> be lost due lossy link and still the Initiator just waits due to fact that it 
> has gotten acknowledgement from the responder. R2 message has no timeout 
> mechanism that would ensure it's retransmission.
> 
> These just might be stupid questions...

No, those are very good questions.

It makes me think now that if I2s need a seperate acknowledgement,
then R2s also need them.

Here's an idea, if the responder sends an acknowledgement in response
to an I2, it could at that time give a fairly good estimate of how
many seconds it should be until the R2 is sent.

Another piece of an idea: if the initiator is to be the one with a
timer running to cover the case of an R2 being dropped by the network,
then retransmitting the same I2 seems completely reasonable.  The
server should be able to tell that the I2 corresponds to an already
established HIP association (assuming that it has managed to process
the first I2 by the time the second I2 arrives).  This retransmitted
I2 may need to bypass the puzzle solution checking mechanism because
the puzzle may have been deprecated.  Is that a problem?  Does it make
sense to have the check for whether the I2 corresponds to an
already-established HIP association occur before checking the puzzle?
Maybe the I2 should also be checked to see if it corresponds with an
already admitted-for-processing I2 that is still waiting in the queue
for the DH exponentiation before checking to see if the puzzle
solution is valid.


			-Tim Shepard
			 shep@alum.mit.edu
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Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism
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A quick reaction to some details; still thinking
about the more complete thing in the background.

> One byte should be more than enough for puzzle TTL. In the absence of 
> this TTL
> value the puzzle is considered to be valid for next 256 seconds (as it 
> would
> if TTL field would be 0xff+1, same as setting the byte to zero, 
> absence is
> indicated by zero value in this field).

I would use exponential interpretation of the value.  I.e.
TTL = 2^(value - 32).  That would allow one to express the
TTL as 2^-32, 2^-31, ..., 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 8, ... 2^223 seconds.
(2^-32 seconds = 0.2 ns, 2^223 seconds = 10^59 years).

Or maybe not use 2 as the base, but e.g. sqrt(2), to get finer 
granularity
and smaller range.

> - Modify the text in section 4.1.1 stating that client should try find 
> a
> solution for a given amount of time before giving up or if time has 
> not been
> specified for 256s. Remove Appendix C completely.

I would still leave App C in some form.  It is useful info.

> - Add a new NOTIFY SERVER_BUSY_PLEASE_RETRY which the server MAY send 
> to the
> Initiator in case it is under severe load. Not mandatory in which case 
> the
> Initiator would act as if the I2 would have been dropped by the 
> network.

I don't think it is useful to send NOTIFY before the server has
verified the puzzle.

--Pekka

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To: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism
From: Jake Beal <jakebeal@MIT.EDU>
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X-Original-Date: Tue, 22 Jun 2004 21:05:49 -0400
Date: Tue, 22 Jun 2004 21:05:49 -0400

Pekka writes:

>> - Add a new NOTIFY SERVER_BUSY_PLEASE_RETRY which the server MAY
>> send to the Initiator in case it is under severe load. Not mandatory
>> in which case the Initiator would act as if the I2 would have been
>> dropped by the network.
>
>I don't think it is useful to send NOTIFY before the server has
>verified the puzzle.

That's correct. The reason we want to add the new NOTIFY message is
so the server can tell a verified, deserving client that it has
lost this time, and should try again.

Correct puzzle solutions are essentially lottery tickets. If the
server is not overloaded doing work for verified clients, everybody wins. 
If the server is overloaded by verified clients, then some lottery
tickets lose. SERVER_BUSY_PLEASE_RETRY means you need to purchase
a new ticket (solve a new puzzle) because your old one has lost
(is being persistently dropped).

Thanks,
-Jake

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From: Tim Shepard <shep@alum.mit.edu>
To: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Cc: Jan Mikael Melen <Jan.Melen@nomadiclab.com>, hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism 
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> > - Add a new NOTIFY SERVER_BUSY_PLEASE_RETRY which the server MAY send 
> > to the
> > Initiator in case it is under severe load. Not mandatory in which case 
> > the
> > Initiator would act as if the I2 would have been dropped by the 
> > network.
> 
> I don't think it is useful to send NOTIFY before the server has
> verified the puzzle.
> 
> --Pekka

Of course.  If the puzzle does not verify, then there is a silent
drop.  This notification though is needed to handle the case when the
server is dropping the I2 because it is overloaded *and* is
implementing some sort of persistant dropping mechanism to ensure that
an attacker cannot increase the likelyhood of the attacker's puzzle
solutions getting themselves a spot in the queue by retransmitting
them aggressively.  If you are a legit client and you got dropped, you
need to learn this fact so that you know to start finding another
puzzle solution. The puzzle solution you previously submitted will
always be dropped no matter how many times you retransmit it, even if
it still has plenty of lifetime left.

As I said in the original message, this would mean:

> When the server sheds load by choosing to persisitantly drop the
> puzzle solution presented in an I2, we need a mechanism to say to the
> client:
> 
>    Your puzzle solution was recevied by the server and was valid.
>    However, the server is suffering under some kind of overload and
>    has chosen to shed load by rejecting your request.  You may retry
>    if you wish, however you MUST find another (different) puzzle
>    solution for any such retries.  Note that you may need to obtain a
>    new puzzle with a new I1/R1 exchange (e.g. if there is not
>    sufficient time left or if the puzzle and/or puzzle difficulty has
>    been changed).
> 
> It seems like a new NOTIFY parameter (e.g. SERVER_BUSY_PLEASE_RETRY)
> would satisfy this need.   


			-Tim Shepard
			 shep@alum.mit.edu

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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Wed Jun 23 07:38:30 2004
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        "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism
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Hi,

Tim Shepard wrote:
> 
> Here's an idea, if the responder sends an acknowledgement in response
> to an I2, it could at that time give a fairly good estimate of how
> many seconds it should be until the R2 is sent.

Since these acknowledgements need to be light-weight in terms of CPU processing, 
they cannot contain any cryptographic material. An attacker could easily
modify the packet and raise the estimate (or even lower to cause more load for 
the server).
On the other hand, if the attacker has means to intercept packets he could do
a MITM attack as well, so in that sense this is not a problem.


> Another piece of an idea: if the initiator is to be the one with a
> timer running to cover the case of an R2 being dropped by the network,
> then retransmitting the same I2 seems completely reasonable.  The
> server should be able to tell that the I2 corresponds to an already
> established HIP association (assuming that it has managed to process
> the first I2 by the time the second I2 arrives).  This retransmitted
> I2 may need to bypass the puzzle solution checking mechanism because
> the puzzle may have been deprecated.  Is that a problem?  Does it make
> sense to have the check for whether the I2 corresponds to an
> already-established HIP association occur before checking the puzzle?

I think this is already covered in the base-00 draft:
Section 8.7 Processing incoming I2 packets

3. If the system is in the R2-SENT state, it MAY check if the newly received I2 
is similar to the one that triggered moving to R2-SENT. If so, it MAY retransmit 
a previously sent R2, reset the R2-SENT timer, and stay in R2-SENT.



-- 
Kristian Slavov, Researcher
Helsinki Institute for Information Technology
Gsm: +358-40-7220960
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Wed Jun 23 08:16:18 2004
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From: Mika Kousa <mkousa@cc.hut.fi>
To: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
Subject: RE: [Hipsec] Some mm-02-pre1 comments
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X-Original-Date: Wed, 23 Jun 2004 15:14:57 +0300 (EEST)
Date: Wed, 23 Jun 2004 15:14:57 +0300 (EEST)

On Tue, 15 Jun 2004, Henderson, Thomas R wrote:

-> > -----Original Message-----
-> > From: Mika Kousa [mailto:mkousa@cc.hut.fi]
-> > Sent: Tuesday, June 15, 2004 8:18 AM
-> > To: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
-> > Subject: Re: [Hipsec] Some mm-02-pre1 comments
-> >
-> >
-> > Do we need a new parameter (or modify NES) for indicating
-> > that the old SAs
-> > should not be deleted ? I read and re-read the draft several
-> > times but I
-> > couldn't figure out how the simultaneous SPI/address
-> > associations can be
-> > accomplished as in Figure 2 of chapter 5.1. Or have have just
-> > misunderstood something..
->
-> mm-02-pre1 doesn't deal with that issue explicitly.  I have
-> thought about setting old SPI = new SPI to indicate the
-> case for which the new SPI was not replacing anything.

All right, that could be one option.

If we use this scheme where Old SPI and New SPI fields in the NES
parameter are the same, then this means that we do not need to create any
new SAs. Because of this the Keymat Index field should be just ignored
(maybe it should be set to zero).

Anyway, we need to acknowledge the initial UPDATE containing the addresses
belonging to the current SPI. This kind of an UPDATE packet might need
some alternative processing rules. When a host receives an initial UPDATE
with Old SPI=New SPI, should the peer host follow the same convention ?
That is, both hosts do not create any new SAs, so we need some kind of a
reply UPDATE packet which just tells the peer "I got your address list
belonging to the previous SPI you have been using". In this case the "wait
for data on new SA" phase can be skipped. If the sender of the reply
UPDATE would like to create new SAs, it sends an another UPDATE after
sending the reply UPDATE, just as in the current draft says.

I haven't looked so closely at the latest base draft
(draft-ietf-hip-base-00) yet, but looks like a simple reply UPDATE packet
containing just the ACK parameter and no SEQ parameter would act as an
acknowledgement.


One more thing in this scenario: if there is not need for rekeying, should
we move into REKEYING state anyway or stay at ESTABLISHED ?
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Thu Jun 24 03:55:29 2004
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Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism
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X-Original-Date: Thu, 24 Jun 2004 10:54:13 +0300
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Jan Mikael Melen wrote:
> Hi,
> 
> On Monday 21 June 2004 12:59, Pekka Nikander wrote:
> 
>>>Our motivation for the time-remaining mechanism is to replace the
>>>2^(K+2) tries since there is no good way to tune for how long
>>>solutions to a given puzzle should be accepted if the clients have
>>>widely varrying processing speeds.
>>
>>I think that (at least) this part of your proposal is very
>>worth of adopting.  (I haven't had time to really think about
>>the rest.)
>>
>>Do you have a any preference whether to use a global value or
>>add an option to the base protocol now?   Remember that such
>>an option could always be added later, now that we have this
>>extensible protocol.
> 
> 
> I think that this should be optional TLV in the R1 and if present one should 
> not try to solve the puzzle longer than the time-remaining indicates or 
> 2^(K+2) times.
> 
> What do others think?

The time-remaining parameter sounds reasonbale.
I think the 2^(K+2) limit is a bit artificial. I don't think that the 
probability of succeeding to solve the puzzle increases if we have to fetch
another cookie. Also, it should be impossible to create a puzzle that has no
correct solution.
The initiator wants to make the connection, so he is willing to do some work.
I think it is in the best interest of the initiator to solve the puzzle as fast 
as possible, regardless of the tries required to solve a single puzzle.


>>>Acknowledge I2s before sending R2s?
> 
> 
> I don't think this is really necessary nor wise. I think this just adds 
> complexity that really is not needed. What would the initiator do when he 
> receives this notification? Double the timer for waiting R2? Would these 
> notifications be sent periodically until the R2 is sent?

What if an attacker sends many of these notifications that double the timer?

Perhaps it would be better (or at least more simple) to just drop the I2s, if 
there is too much load and have the initiator employ some kind of backoff 
algorithm when resending I2s.

-- 
Kristian Slavov, Researcher
Helsinki Institute for Information Technology
Gsm: +358-40-7220960
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Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism
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On Tuesday 22 June 2004 21:45, Pekka Nikander wrote:
> A quick reaction to some details; still thinking
> about the more complete thing in the background.
>
> > One byte should be more than enough for puzzle TTL. In the absence of
> > this TTL
> > value the puzzle is considered to be valid for next 256 seconds (as it
> > would
> > if TTL field would be 0xff+1, same as setting the byte to zero,
> > absence is
> > indicated by zero value in this field).
>
> I would use exponential interpretation of the value.  I.e.
> TTL = 2^(value - 32).  That would allow one to express the
> TTL as 2^-32, 2^-31, ..., 1/8, 1/4, 1/2, 1, 2, 4, 8, ... 2^223 seconds.
> (2^-32 seconds = 0.2 ns, 2^223 seconds = 10^59 years).

This sounds good! 

Is okay for others as well that we take one byte from opaque and dedicate it 
for puzzle TTL?

> Or maybe not use 2 as the base, but e.g. sqrt(2), to get finer
> granularity
> and smaller range.
>
> > - Modify the text in section 4.1.1 stating that client should try find
> > a
> > solution for a given amount of time before giving up or if time has
> > not been
> > specified for 256s. Remove Appendix C completely.
>
> I would still leave App C in some form.  It is useful info.

Okay let's leave as informational...

  regards,
	Jan
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Subject: RE: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism 
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From: "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>
To: "Tim Shepard" <shep@alum.mit.edu>,
        "Jan Mikael Melen" <Jan.Melen@nomadiclab.com>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Tim Shepard [mailto:shep@alum.mit.edu]
> Sent: Tuesday, June 22, 2004 5:06 AM
> To: Jan Mikael Melen
> Cc: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com; Henderson, Thomas R
> Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle
> mechanism=20
>=20
> So I do not think that telling the client what delay to expect in the
> processing of its I2 is useful.
>=20
> TCP retransmits SYN packets much more aggressively than that.

Even in the case of a NOTIFY that "acks" the I2, TCP is still going=20
to be retransmitting waiting for the SYN to be acked (and these SYNs=20
will pile up internally in the local buffer or be dropped).  This is=20
unless HIP implementation has some cross-layer ability to reach into=20
TCP and adjust its RTO.

>=20
>=20
> Note that a lost I2, if not recovered via a quick retransmission, may
> cause a solved puzzle to soon become useless, causing the client
> (perhaps an energy-limited client) to have to start over and solve a
> new puzzle.  That seems to be a severe penalty for a single dropped
> packet.
>

This might be why a NOTIFY (I2-ACK) with expected R2 sending time--=20
after puzzle verification-- might be more useful than a delay parameter=20
in the R1, since if you suppress the retransmission of I2, you do not=20
know whether the first I2 actually arrived (or whether R2 was lost).

Tom
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From: Tim Shepard <shep@alum.mit.edu>
To: "Henderson, Thomas R" <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>
Cc: "Jan Mikael Melen" <Jan.Melen@nomadiclab.com>, hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism 
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> > So I do not think that telling the client what delay to expect in the
> > processing of its I2 is useful.
> >
> > TCP retransmits SYN packets much more aggressively than that.
> 
> Even in the case of a NOTIFY that "acks" the I2, TCP is still going=20
> to be retransmitting waiting for the SYN to be acked (and these SYNs=20
> will pile up internally in the local buffer or be dropped).  This is=20
> unless HIP implementation has some cross-layer ability to reach into=20
> TCP and adjust its RTO.

Yes.   I believe some cross layer ability would be a good thing here.

> > Note that a lost I2, if not recovered via a quick retransmission, may
> > cause a solved puzzle to soon become useless, causing the client
> > (perhaps an energy-limited client) to have to start over and solve a
> > new puzzle.  That seems to be a severe penalty for a single dropped
> > packet.
> >
> 
> This might be why a NOTIFY (I2-ACK) with expected R2 sending time--=20
> after puzzle verification-- might be more useful than a delay parameter=20
> in the R1, since if you suppress the retransmission of I2, you do not=20
> know whether the first I2 actually arrived (or whether R2 was lost).

I agree.  The delay paramter in an R1 would not be useful.
If we imlement an I2-ACK NOTIFY of some sort, then it seems it would
be useful to include the expected delay in sending the R2.   Perhaps
just a number of seconds after receipt of the I2-ACK NOTIFY that the
initiator should retransmit the I2 if it has not yet received an R2.

Now for the hard part, what (if any) new denial of service attacks
would such a mechanism open up that weren't there before?   We'll have
to think about that.

			-Tim Shepard
			 shep@alum.mit.edu
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Fri Jun 25 06:12:30 2004
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From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism 
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As a summary of the discussion so far, how about

- Using one byte of the puzzle opaque field to denote
   the puzzle lifetime, in exponential seconds notification.
   I think the time denoted should be the time that the
   puzzle is valid, at minimum, after it has been sent, i.e.
   the time it is still accepted while a new puzzle is
   being distributed.  Consequently, the actual lifetime
   of the puzzle is typically in the range <TTL>..<2*TTL>,
   but may, of course, be longer than <2*TTL>.

   Zero defines the default lifetime, that needs to be
   decided and documented.  How about 128 seconds by default?

- Adding an OPTIONAL I2-ACK packet that a Responder MAY
   send once it has verified the puzzle solution.  That
   packet contains a payload that indicates how long
   the Initiator SHOULD wait before resending I2.  Note that
   since this packet is not crypto-protected, it can be
   potentially forged.  To require that the potential
   attacker can't send such packets without being able
   to eavesdrop the corresponding I2, the packet should
   reflect pack some part of the I2 being acked, e.g.,
   the puzzle solution payload.

To me, the above mechanism seems simple enough, but still
potentially helps in some situations.  IMHO, we should not
go for anything that is much more complex; if someone thinks
about something simpler, the better.  We still don't know
now usual these kinds of congestion situations will be, and
therefore need to get some experience.

Alternative mechanisms would be good, just to get experience
that allows the mechanisms to be compared against each other.

--Pekka

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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Fri Jun 25 08:49:31 2004
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From: Tim Shepard <shep@alum.mit.edu>
To: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Cc: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com,
        Thomas R Henderson <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>,
        Jan Mikael Melen <Jan.Melen@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism 
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Pekka,

Thanks for trying to summarize.

Missing from your summery is any mention of what we identified as a
need for a mechanism for the responder to tell an initiator that even
though it has solved the puzzle, it's puzzle solution has been dropped
as part of a load shedding at the server.  

Jake Beal and I found that the responder, in order to defend itself
against DOS attacks, will need to implement some sort of persistent
dropping mechanism when it needs to shed load by dropping I2s.
Otherwise, an attacker (who has control of some zombies which are
solving puzzles as fast as they can and pretending to have as many
identities as they can) will be motivated to retransmit their puzzle
solutions aggressively in an attempt to give their puzzle solutions a
better chance of occupying a spot in the server's queue than the
legitimate clients.

So, when a responder has decided to drop a valid puzzle solution,
should we have a mechanism to let the initiator know that this has
happened to them?  (And can we have such a mechanism without creating
yet another DOS vulnerability?)

I'm not sure if you deliberately or accidently omitted that mechanism
from your summary.

			-Tim Shepard
			 shep@alum.mit.edu

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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Sat Jun 26 06:52:39 2004
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From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism 
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> Missing from your summery is any mention of what we identified as a
> need for a mechanism for the responder to tell an initiator that even
> though it has solved the puzzle, it's puzzle solution has been dropped
> as part of a load shedding at the server.

I see, but see below.

> I'm not sure if you deliberately or accidently omitted that mechanism
> from your summary.

Well, it definitely wasn't deliberate in the sense that I would
have considered that case; I'm sorry that I forgot this aspect.

> Jake Beal and I found that the responder, in order to defend itself
> against DOS attacks, will need to implement some sort of persistent
> dropping mechanism when it needs to shed load by dropping I2s.

While I agree with this, I am not sure if it is wise to solve
puzzles and *then* drop packets.  To me, it seems better to drop
packets as early as possible, long before the puzzle solution
gets checked.  It might be a good idea to allow rate limited
ICMP messages to be generated if packets need to be dropped.

> Otherwise, an attacker (who has control of some zombies which are
> solving puzzles as fast as they can and pretending to have as many
> identities as they can) will be motivated to retransmit their puzzle
> solutions aggressively in an attempt to give their puzzle solutions a
> better chance of occupying a spot in the server's queue than the
> legitimate clients.

We still have the Appendix D recommendation, which should limit
the zombies' possibility to select multiple identities, as the
local function f is supposed to be secret and randomly changing.

What comes to retransmitting valid puzzle solutions, AFAIK there
is no way to initially make a difference between valid clients
and zombies who behave like valid clients and generate valid I2.

My current gut feeling is that we will need to give a complete
revisit to the puzzle mechanism anyway before trying to go to
Proposed Standard (if we ever get there).  Hence, I am reluctant
to device too complex mechanisms at this point of time, before we
have any deployment experience.  Adding text, especially appendices,
to the text  is good and fine.  But not to complex behaviour.
Actually, I would prefer either conference papers or IRTF drafts
in this area, preferably with simulations, formal models, or
clearly spelled out analysis.

--Pekka


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From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] draft-moskowitz-hip-arch expired
To: Lars Eggert <lars.eggert@netlab.nec.de>
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> just realized that draft-moskowitz-hip-arch-05 has expired.
> Is there an update forthcoming?

I submitted a new version, currently also available at
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/HIP/draft-moskowitz-hip-arch-06.txt
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/HIP/draft-moskowitz-hip-arch-06.html

--Pekka

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        Jan Mikael Melen <Jan.Melen@nomadiclab.com>,
        Jake Beal <jakebeal@mit.edu>, hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism
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Pekka Nikander wrote:
> My current gut feeling is that we will need to give a complete
> revisit to the puzzle mechanism anyway before trying to go to
> Proposed Standard (if we ever get there).  Hence, I am reluctant
> to device too complex mechanisms at this point of time, before we
> have any deployment experience.  Adding text, especially appendices,
> to the text  is good and fine.  But not to complex behaviour.
> Actually, I would prefer either conference papers or IRTF drafts
> in this area, preferably with simulations, formal models, or
> clearly spelled out analysis.


Some comments from a lurker's point of view:

- The initial observation of different clients having different processing
speed have led others to search for work functions which are more egalitarian
For example, some memory-bound computations as per:

   http://www.isoc.org/isoc/conferences/ndss/03/proceedings/papers/2.pdf

- Whatever mechanism is chosen, these "proofs of work" are not currently
well-enough understood, it seems (implementors may have other comments here).

- The cookie puzzle mechanism may have IPR implications. Anybody know? Based on the
original publication in NDSS'99 it seems probable. At any rate, this might be
an issue for basic HIP.

Because of the above, would it be out of the question to simply jettison the
cookie puzzle mechanism out of basic HIP and pursue it (and any variants
thereof) instead in the research group? The HIP WG could perhaps work on a
simpler IKEv2-style DoS protection mechanism.


-gabriel
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From hipsec-admin@honor.trusecure.com  Mon Jun 28 14:29:59 2004
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        Thomas R Henderson <thomas.r.henderson@boeing.com>
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism
To: gabriel montenegro <gab@sun.com>
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> Some comments from a lurker's point of view:

Thanks, Gab, for your comments:

> - The initial observation of different clients having different=20
> processing
> speed have led others to search for work functions which are more=20
> egalitarian
> For example, some memory-bound computations as per:
>
>   =
http://www.isoc.org/isoc/conferences/ndss/03/proceedings/papers/2.pdf

We discussed the memory bound functions briefly after NDSS, but back
at that time decided to stick to hash based things.  There are also
newer results in the queue, to be published somewhere sometime.
(Not my papers but papers that I've seen for some reason before
publication, and most probably others that I haven't seen.)

> - Whatever mechanism is chosen, these "proofs of work" are not=20
> currently
> well-enough understood, it seems (implementors may have other comments=20=

> here).

 =46rom an operational point of view, I do agree.

> - The cookie puzzle mechanism may have IPR implications. Anybody know?=20=

> Based on the
> original publication in NDSS'99 it seems probable. At any rate, this=20=

> might be
> an issue for basic HIP.

Good point.  However, at least

C. Dwork and M. Naor. Pricing via processing or combatting junk mail.
In Ernest F. Brickell, editor, CRYPTO =9292, pages 139=96147. Springer-
Verlag, 1992.

exists, and that may represent prior art.

> Because of the above, would it be out of the question to simply=20
> jettison the
> cookie puzzle mechanism out of basic HIP and pursue it (and any=20
> variants
> thereof) instead in the research group? The HIP WG could perhaps work=20=

> on a
> simpler IKEv2-style DoS protection mechanism.

I think the current cookie mechanism is pretty well thought,=20
simultaneously
fairly simple and fairly flexible.  IMHO, getting some operational=20
experience
would be quite important at this point of time.

--Pekka

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From: Jan Mikael Melen <Jan.Melen@nomadiclab.com>
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Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism
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Hi,

Here is proposed text in a form of context diff (Comments?):

diff -c draft-ietf-hip-base-00.xml draft-ietf-hip-base-01-pre1.xml
*** draft-ietf-hip-base-00.xml	Wed Jun 30 10:17:48 2004
--- draft-ietf-hip-base-01-pre1.xml	Wed Jun 30 10:17:48 2004
***************
*** 607,615 ****
            <t>
              To generate a proper number J, the Initiator will have to
              generate a number of Js until one produces the hash target
!             of zero.  The Initiator SHOULD give up after trying 2^(K+2)
!             times, and start over the exchange.  (See <xref
!             target="cookie-probability" />.)  The Responder needs to
              re-create the concatenation of I, the HITs, and the provided
              J, and compute the hash once to prove that the Initiator did
              its assigned task.
--- 607,614 ----
            <t>
              To generate a proper number J, the Initiator will have to
              generate a number of Js until one produces the hash target
!             of zero.  The Initiator SHOULD give up after exceeding the
!             puzzle lifetime received in PUZZLE TLV.  The Responder needs to
              re-create the concatenation of I, the HITs, and the provided
              J, and compute the hash once to prove that the Initiator did
              its assigned task.
***************
*** 1945,1951 ****
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |             Type              |             Length            |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
!    | K, 1 byte     | Opaque, 3 bytes                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     | Random # I, 8 bytes                                           |
     |                                                               |
--- 1944,1950 ----
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |             Type              |             Length            |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
!    | K, 1 byte     |    Lifetime   |        Opaque, 2 bytes        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     | Random # I, 8 bytes                                           |
     |                                                               |
***************
*** 1954,1974 ****
     Type           5
     Length         12
     K              K is the number of verified bits
     Opaque         Data set by the Responder, indexing the puzzle
     Random #I      random number
  
              </artwork>
            </figure>
            <t>
!             Random #I is represented as 64-bit integer, K as 8-bit
!             integer, all in network byte order.
            </t>
            <t>
              The PUZZLE parameter contains the puzzle difficulty K and an
!             64-bit puzzle random integer #I.  A puzzle MAY be augmented
!             by including an ECHO_REQUEST parameter to an R1.  The
!             contents of the ECHO_REQUEST are then echoed back in
!             ECHO_RESPONSE, allowing the Responder to use the included
              information as a part of puzzle processing.
            </t>
  
--- 1953,1978 ----
     Type           5
     Length         12
     K              K is the number of verified bits
+    Lifetime       Puzzle lifetime 2^(value-32) seconds
     Opaque         Data set by the Responder, indexing the puzzle
     Random #I      random number
  
              </artwork>
            </figure>
            <t>
!             Random #I is represented as 64-bit integer, K and Lifetime 
!             as 8-bit integer, all in network byte order.
            </t>
            <t>
              The PUZZLE parameter contains the puzzle difficulty K and an
!             64-bit puzzle random integer #I.  Puzzle Lifetime indicates 
!             the time during which the puzzle solution is valid and 
!             sets a time limit for initiator which it should not exceed 
!             while trying to solve the puzzle.  The lifetime is indicated 
!             as power of 2 using formula 2^(lifetime-32) seconds.  A puzzle 
!             MAY be augmented by including an ECHO_REQUEST parameter to an
!             R1.  The contents of the ECHO_REQUEST are then echoed back in 
!             ECHO_RESPONSE, allowing the Responder to use the included 
              information as a part of puzzle processing.
            </t>
  
***************
*** 1986,1992 ****
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |             Type              |             Length            |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
!    | K, 1 byte     | Opaque, 3 bytes                               |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     | Random #I, 8 bytes                                            |
     |                                                               |
--- 1990,1996 ----
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     |             Type              |             Length            |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
!    | K, 1 byte     |   Reserved    |        Opaque, 2 bytes        |
     +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
     | Random #I, 8 bytes                                            |
     |                                                               |
***************
*** 1998,2003 ****
--- 2002,2008 ----
     Type           7
     Length         20
     K              K is the number of verified bits
+    Reserved       zero when sent, ignored when received
     Opaque         Copied unmodified from the received PUZZLE TLV
     Random #I      random number
     Puzzle solution
***************
*** 2735,2740 ****
--- 2740,2762 ----
        for some policy reason (e.g. received HIT is NULL 
        and policy does not allow opportunistic mode).
        
+    SERVER_BUSY_PLEASE_RETRY                  44
+ 
+       The resonder is unwilling to set up an association
+       as it is suffering under some kind of overload and
+       has chosen to shed load by rejecting your request.
+       You may retry if you wish, however you MUST find 
+       another (different) puzzle solution for any such 
+       retries. Note that you need to obtain a new puzzle 
+       with a new I1/R1 exchange.
+ 
+    I2_ACKNOWLEDGEMENT                        46
+ 
+       The responder has received your I2 but had to queue 
+       the I2 for processing. The puzzle was correctly solved
+       and the responder is willing to set up an association 
+       but has currently a number of I2s in processing queue.
+       R2 will be sent after the I2 has been processed.
  
  
     NOTIFY MESSAGES - STATUS TYPES           Value


On Friday 25 June 2004 13:11, Pekka Nikander wrote:
> As a summary of the discussion so far, how about
>
> - Using one byte of the puzzle opaque field to denote
>    the puzzle lifetime, in exponential seconds notification.
>    I think the time denoted should be the time that the
>    puzzle is valid, at minimum, after it has been sent, i.e.
>    the time it is still accepted while a new puzzle is
>    being distributed.  Consequently, the actual lifetime
>    of the puzzle is typically in the range <TTL>..<2*TTL>,
>    but may, of course, be longer than <2*TTL>.
>
>    Zero defines the default lifetime, that needs to be
>    decided and documented.  How about 128 seconds by default?
>
> - Adding an OPTIONAL I2-ACK packet that a Responder MAY
>    send once it has verified the puzzle solution.  That
>    packet contains a payload that indicates how long
>    the Initiator SHOULD wait before resending I2.  Note that
>    since this packet is not crypto-protected, it can be
>    potentially forged.  To require that the potential
>    attacker can't send such packets without being able
>    to eavesdrop the corresponding I2, the packet should
>    reflect pack some part of the I2 being acked, e.g.,
>    the puzzle solution payload.
>
> To me, the above mechanism seems simple enough, but still
> potentially helps in some situations.  IMHO, we should not
> go for anything that is much more complex; if someone thinks
> about something simpler, the better.  We still don't know
> now usual these kinds of congestion situations will be, and
> therefore need to get some experience.
>
> Alternative mechanisms would be good, just to get experience
> that allows the mechanisms to be compared against each other.
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To: Jan Mikael Melen <Jan.Melen@nomadiclab.com>
Cc: hipsec@honor.trusecure.com
Subject: Re: [Hipsec] proposal for a few small changes to puzzle mechanism
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Wed, 30 Jun 2004 10:27:47 +0300."
             <200406301027.47373.Jan.Melen@nomadiclab.com> 
From: Jake Beal <jakebeal@MIT.EDU>
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X-Original-Date: Wed, 30 Jun 2004 07:51:48 -0400
Date: Wed, 30 Jun 2004 07:51:48 -0400

I only see one small problem, in the definition of the
SERVER_BUSY_PLEASE_RETRY message:

+    SERVER_BUSY_PLEASE_RETRY                  44
...
+       retries. Note that you need to obtain a new puzzle 
+       with a new I1/R1 exchange.

A new I1/R1 exchance is only necessary if the puzzle's timelimit
has expired. Otherwise, the initiator can simply continue searching
for more solutions to the current puzzle. 

I would propose changing the language to:
+       retries. Note that you may need to obtain a new puzzle 
+       with a new I1/R1 exchange.

Thanks,
-Jake
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