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Stas, others,

* General: The document should specify that the implementation MUST have
  rate limitations in unauthenticated mode (to avoid that we end up with
  the same discussion as the requirements doc).

* Page 4, 2nd drawing. Why is the fetch_client sitting in the sending
  box.  I'd think that results are typically requested by a machine
  outside the pair sender and receiver.

* Section 5.1. Server Greeting: Why does one send 12 unused octets
  in the server greeting first?

* Page 10: I cannot find the definition of MBZ anywhere.

* 5.4. First sentence:  this is not correct, the receiver only knows
  that packets were sent _if_ it knows that sending machine did send
  what it was supposed to send.  The receiver cannot tell from the
  measurements if the sending machine stopped sending or all packets
  were lost.

  Same paragraph: are 0 and 1: poisson and periodic the only values
  that can be used here, or is this a point for future extension?

* Page 16: 'The server should start ...'.
  Suppose the start time is specified as t=0 with a rate of 100 packets.
  For some reason, the server takes more time to start, so the first
  packet cannot be sent before t=1.  What should be done with the 100
  packets that had to be sent between t=0 and t=1?

   - Send as fast as possible?  Possibly overloading the network,
     with the risk of making a complete run invalid.
   - Send with a (minimum) gap?
   - Skip

* Page 18-19: 'if a receiver ... invalidated'
  Doesn't this mean that if the server crashes near the end, all results
  are suddenly invalid, even though they are perfectly good measurements?
  (We typically run measurements for weeks, and the chances that they
  are terminated by an outside source are pretty close to 1)

* Page 21: the test session data.  Typically, the error estimates and
  time stamp will be in 4 variables in the code:

    Send-error-estimate    16 bits
    Receive time stamp     32 bits (seconds), 32 bits (microseconds)
    Receive error estimate 16 bits

  To store this in the  format described here one has to:

   - Multiply the SEE by 2^16
   - Take the seconds word of the RTS and split it into 2 16 bit words
   - Divide the top half by 2^16 and add to the SEE
   - Multiply the bottom half by 2^16, store
   - Take the microsecond word, split in two times 16 bits
   - Divide the top half by 2^16 and add to the bottom half of the RTS
   - Multiply the bottom half by 2^16 and add to the REE.

  Then do exactly the opposite on the receiving side.  Wouldn't it make
  more sense to use the first 2 word for the timestamp, then the
  next one for the EE.  That way, most of this will be a straight copy,
  one only has to manipulate the SEE bits.

* Page 23: Is there a technical reason to start sequence numbers with
  0 and not 1?

* Page 23: I've made this comment before, but I think this way to
  express the EE introduces a lot of complexity at a point where one
  wants to use the minimum number of CPU cycles.

  When timestamping a packet, one wants to extract a timestamp just before
  the packet is sent, insert it in the packet, then write the packet to
  the socket.  Any CPU cycle between reading the time stamp and writing
  the packet means introducing a delay and making the measurement less
  accurate.  Using this method, one has to do a lot of calculations to
  file the word, if we'd use RFC 1305 timestamps for everything, the
  operation would be reduced to a simple copy.

  Also, implementations of the metrics where the ethernet card inserts
  the timestamp have been suggested.  In this case, it is impossible to
  use this method for inserting errors.


Henk

------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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Subject: [ippm] OWAMP implementation
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Dear Jeff,

We have been carrying out conformance tests between our=20
OWAMP implementation and yours. Fortunately for us :)=20
almost all the tests were successful. We still have the=20
following problems:

1. Definition of Timestamp.=20
The date received and decoded in our system doesn?t match=20
with what we are expecting (it represents a date in the=20
past - year 1938 - when we are in year 2004). Maybe there=20
is a problem with the function we are using to decode the=20
time value in the timestamp received (below we send our=20
function). In this function we presume to receive the time=20
value in timestamp format, with the first 32 bits=20
representing the unsigned integer number of seconds=20
elapsed since 0h on 1 January 1900, and the next 32 bits=20
representing the fractional part of a second that has=20
elapsed since then (as it seems the specification in=20
RFC1305).

Also we didn?t understand quite well your implementation.=20
Can you explain us what does the function=20
OWPTimespecToNum64? (How it converts the time received=20
with function ?gettimeofday? to Timestamp format?)
We also didn?t understand why you use this part of code in=20
it:
 =20
while(nsec >=3D BILLION){
		sec++;
		nsec -=3D BILLION;
	}
 =20
2. Another problem that we have with our implementation is=20
how to compute the estimate for error and synchronization.=20
We don?t know how to calculate and use the fields of the=20
Error Estimate format used in OWAMP. Can you help us on=20
it?

Sorry for bother you with all these issues.
Best regards.

Teresa Pinho
H=E9lder Veiga
Jos=E9 Luis Oliveira
Rui Valadas


***  Our Function ***
/**
  * This is a constructor of class Timestamp. It receives=20
a time in milliseconds since 0h 1   =20
  * Jan 1970 and creates a variable of class Timestamp.
  * NTP2UNIX =3D (70 * 365 + 17) * 86400 Seconds between=20
1900-01-01 and 1970-01-01
  * @param secondsSince0h1Jan1970 long
  */
    public Timestamp(long milliSecondsSince0h1Jan1970){
      long milliSecondsSince0h1Jan1900 =3D=20
milliSecondsSince0h1Jan1970 + NTP2UNIX*1000;
      integerPartOfSeconds =3D=20
(int)(milliSecondsSince0h1Jan1900/1000);
      fractionalPartOfSeconds =3D=20
(int)(((milliSecondsSince0h1Jan1900)%1000)*1000);   //=20
Resolution to microsecond
    }

    /**
     * This method returns the time in milliseconds since=20
0h 1 Jan 1970
     * @param time Timestamp - time in milliseconds since=20
0h 1 Jan 1900
     * @return long - time in milliseconds since 0h 1 Jan=20
1970
     */
    public long timeInMillisecondsSince1970(Timestamp=20
time){
      return ((long)(((long)time.integerPartOfSeconds*1000=20
)+(long)time.fractionalPartOfSeconds/1000) -=20
NTP2UNIX*1000);
    }



***  Your Function ***

/*
  * Function:	OWPTimespecToNum64
  *
  * Description:=09
  *
  * 	Convert a time value in timespec representation to an=20
OWPNum64
  * 	representation. These are "relative" time values.=20
(Not absolutes - i.e.
  * 	they are not relative to some "epoch".) OWPNum64=20
values are
  * 	unsigned 64 integral types with the Most Significant=20
32 of those
  * 	64 bits representing seconds. The Least Significant=20
32 bits
  * 	represent fractional seconds at a resolution of 32=20
bits.
  *
  * In Args:=09
  *
  * Out Args:=09
  *
  * Scope:=09
  * Returns:=09
  * Side Effect:=09
  */
void
OWPTimespecToNum64(
	OWPNum64	*to,
	struct timespec	*from
	)
{
	u_int32_t	sec =3D from->tv_sec;
	u_int32_t	nsec =3D from->tv_nsec;

	*to =3D 0;

	/*
	 * Ensure nsec's is only fractional.
	 */
	while(nsec >=3D BILLION){
		sec++;
		nsec -=3D BILLION;
	}

	/*
	 * Place seconds in MS 32 bits.
	 */
	*to =3D (u_int64_t)MASK32(sec) << 32;
	/*
	 * Normalize nsecs to 32bit fraction, then set that to LS=20
32 bits.
	 */
	*to |=3D MASK32(((u_int64_t)nsec << 32)/BILLION);

	return;
}

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Subject: [ippm] Re: OWAMP implementation
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H=E9lder Veiga e Teresa Pinho wrote:
> 1. Definition of Timestamp.
> The date received and decoded in our system doesn?t match
> with what we are expecting (it represents a date in the
> past - year 1938 - when we are in year 2004). Maybe there
> is a problem with the function we are using to decode the
> time value in the timestamp received (below we send our
> function). In this function we presume to receive the time
> value in timestamp format, with the first 32 bits
> representing the unsigned integer number of seconds
> elapsed since 0h on 1 January 1900, and the next 32 bits
> representing the fractional part of a second that has
> elapsed since then (as it seems the specification in
> RFC1305).

You say unsigned here, but in your implementation you cast to (int) in a =
number
of places. This is highly suspect...

> Also we didn?t understand quite well your implementation.
> Can you explain us what does the function
> OWPTimespecToNum64? (How it converts the time received
> with function ?gettimeofday? to Timestamp format?)
> We also didn?t understand why you use this part of code in
> it:
>=20
> while(nsec >=3D BILLION){
>                 sec++;
>                 nsec -=3D BILLION;
>         }

The function you pulled out is not used to create a true timestamp. It is=
 used
to create a relative time value. There are places in the implementation w=
here I
do arithmetic on time values. Sometimes I do that with timespec structure=
s. If I
add two timespec structures - it could be possible to get more than 1 bil=
lion
nsec's in the tv_nsec portion of the structure. This would represent more=
 than
one second. This loop ensures that the nsec variable holds less than 1 bi=
llion
nsecs and therefore less than one second. This ensures I can compute the
fractional part of the timestamp without overflowing.

> 2. Another problem that we have with our implementation is
> how to compute the estimate for error and synchronization.
> We don?t know how to calculate and use the fields of the
> Error Estimate format used in OWAMP. Can you help us on
> it?

Those fields are only useful if you are synchronizing your clock with an
external standard for time. Say UTC. If you are not synchronizing the tim=
e, then
set the S bit to 0. I'm not sure how I could help you on it more than jus=
t
pointing you at the sample implementation. There are functions in there t=
hat
convert from a floating point double representation of the error to the f=
ormat
in the timestamp and back. If you have specific questions about them, I c=
ould
answer them.

> ***  Our Function ***
> /**
>   * This is a constructor of class Timestamp. It receives
> a time in milliseconds since 0h 1
>   * Jan 1970 and creates a variable of class Timestamp.
>   * NTP2UNIX =3D (70 * 365 + 17) * 86400 Seconds between
> 1900-01-01 and 1970-01-01
>   * @param secondsSince0h1Jan1970 long
>   */
>     public Timestamp(long milliSecondsSince0h1Jan1970){
>       long milliSecondsSince0h1Jan1900 =3D
> milliSecondsSince0h1Jan1970 + NTP2UNIX*1000;

You certainly overflow right here. It takes an unsigned 32 bit integer to=
 hold
the number of SECONDS since Jan1900. If you are counting seconds, a signe=
d 32
bit integer can only go ~68 years. An unsigned can go ~136 years. (So, my=
 code
will need something more by the year 2036 - but I hope to be retired by t=
hen, or
at least working on something else. ;) )

If you are counting the number of MSEC, it would be far less than 68 year=
s -
I'll let you do the math. In other words, you are not going to be able to=
 hold
the number of MSEC since 1900 in a 32 bit integer. There may be other ove=
rflow
errors in this code... I stopped here because you already have no hope of=
 this
working.

jeff

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Subject: [ippm] Re: OWAMP implementation
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[Trimmed co-authors in the CC line.]

The answer to your first question is being researched.

"H=E9lder Veiga e Teresa Pinho" <simon@av.it.pt> writes:

> 2. Another problem that we have with our implementation is how to
> compute the estimate for error and synchronization.  We don't know
> how to calculate and use the fields of the Error Estimate format
> used in OWAMP.  Can you help us on it?

Where do you get the time?  From the rest of your message it seems
apparent that you call gettimeofday() to read the system clock to
produce timestamps.  This is fine, but where does the system time come
from?  One approach is to use NTP.  NTP, if configured properly (with
at least four servers) will tell you if a clock is synchronized and
what it thinks the error estimate is.  If you're assuming that NTP
will be used, you could propagate these values from NTP (after
suitable format conversion).

If you do not use NTP, the time still has to come from somewhere.  The
semantics of the error estimate field are defined in the specification
as follows:

#   The Error Estimate specifies the estimate of the error and
#   synchronization.  It has the following format:
#
#         0                   1
#         0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5
#        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
#        |S|Z|   Scale   |   Multiplier  |
#        +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
#
#   The first bit S SHOULD be set if the party generating the timestamp
#   has a clock that is synchronized to UTC using an external source
#   (e.g., the bit should be set if GPS hardware is used and it indicates
#   that it has acquired current position and time or if NTP is used and
#   it indicates that it has synchronized to an external source, which
#   includes stratum 0 source, etc.); if there is no notion of external
#   synchronization for the time source, the bit SHOULD NOT be set.  The
#   next bit has the same semantics as MBZ fields elsewhere: it MUST be
#   set to zero by the sender and ignored by everyone else.  The next six
#   bits Scale form an unsigned integer; Multiplier is an unsigned
#   integer as well.  They are interpreted as follows: the error estimate
#   is equal to Multiplier*2^(-32)*2^Scale (in seconds).  [Notation
#   clarification: 2^Scale is two to the power of Scale.]  Multiplier
#   MUST NOT be set to zero.  If Multiplier is zero, the packet SHOULD be
#   considered corrupt and discarded.

So, if you read the system clock on a system with a clock untrained by
NTP or anything else, the S bit SHOULD NOT be set.  The Z bit is
always set to zero and ignored by all data consumers.  Scale and
Multiplier form a number that has units of seconds and presents your
best conservative guess of clock precision.  If the clock is
untrained, this should probably be some huge number that should,
perhaps, come from configuration.

--=20
Stanislav Shalunov		http://www.internet2.edu/~shalunov/

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Subject: Re: [ippm] Re: OWAMP implementation
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	<Pine.LNX.4.58.0406091031510.13903@x49.ripe.net>
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"Henk Uijterwaal (RIPE NCC)" <henk@ripe.net> writes:

> Then, NTP can also be used to sync the machine to a hardware device
> connected to the machine running OWAMP.  In that case, there is even an
> advantage in configuring NTP with just that peer.

While it's not on topic for IPPM, it turns out you need at least four
NTP servers to get meaningful error estimates.  If you have a local
stratum 0 source, that's what would normally be used because of
stratum selection.  (If you configure one server---wherever it is and
whatever its stratum---you'll get an unrealistically low error
estimate.)

-- 
Stanislav Shalunov		http://www.internet2.edu/~shalunov/

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Subject: Re: [ippm] Re: OWAMP implementation
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On Tue, 8 Jun 2004, Jeff W. Boote wrote:

> > ***  Our Function ***
> > /**
> >   * This is a constructor of class Timestamp. It receives
> > a time in milliseconds since 0h 1
> >   * Jan 1970 and creates a variable of class Timestamp.
> >   * NTP2UNIX = (70 * 365 + 17) * 86400 Seconds between
> > 1900-01-01 and 1970-01-01
> >   * @param secondsSince0h1Jan1970 long
> >   */
> >     public Timestamp(long milliSecondsSince0h1Jan1970){
> >       long milliSecondsSince0h1Jan1900 =
> > milliSecondsSince0h1Jan1970 + NTP2UNIX*1000;
>
> You certainly overflow right here. It takes an unsigned 32 bit integer
> to hold the number of SECONDS since Jan1900. If you are counting
> seconds, a signed 32 bit integer can only go ~68 years. An unsigned can
> go ~136 years. (So, my code will need something more by the year 2036 -
> but I hope to be retired by then, or at least working on something else.
> ;) )

(Speaking as a potential implementor): Is there any particular reason why
we start on 1-1-1900 and not 1-1-1970? (as NTP does).  I'd hate to do a
calculation every time I read a timestamp.

Henk


------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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"Henk Uijterwaal (RIPE NCC)" wrote:
> (Speaking as a potential implementor): Is there any particular reason why
> we start on 1-1-1900 and not 1-1-1970? (as NTP does).

We use exactly what RFC 1305 (NTP) specifies. NTP does not use 1970.

In fact, it was very useful to be able to download the ntp source code and look
at the time conversion functions it uses...

jeff

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Subject: Re: [ippm] Re: OWAMP implementation
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On Tue, 8 Jun 2004, stanislav shalunov wrote:

> [Trimmed co-authors in the CC line.]
>
> The answer to your first question is being researched.
>
> "H=E9lder Veiga e Teresa Pinho" <simon@av.it.pt> writes:
>
> > 2. Another problem that we have with our implementation is how to
> > compute the estimate for error and synchronization.  We don't know
> > how to calculate and use the fields of the Error Estimate format
> > used in OWAMP.  Can you help us on it?
>
> Where do you get the time?  From the rest of your message it seems
> apparent that you call gettimeofday() to read the system clock to
> produce timestamps.  This is fine, but where does the system time come
> from?  One approach is to use NTP.  NTP, if configured properly (with
> at least four servers) will tell you if a clock is synchronized and
> what it thinks the error estimate is.

This is not entirely correct.  Not only the number of peers matters, their
location is important as well.  One NTP peer on the same network segment
will give better results than 4 peers farther away.  In fact, NTP might
not even use those peers (except as a backup).

Then, NTP can also be used to sync the machine to a hardware device
connected to the machine running OWAMP.  In that case, there is even an
advantage in configuring NTP with just that peer.

Henk

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Subject: Re: [ippm] Re: OWAMP implementation
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On Wed, 9 Jun 2004, Jeff W. Boote wrote:

> "Henk Uijterwaal (RIPE NCC)" wrote:
> > (Speaking as a potential implementor): Is there any particular reason why
> > we start on 1-1-1900 and not 1-1-1970? (as NTP does).
>
> We use exactly what RFC 1305 (NTP) specifies. NTP does not use 1970.
>
> In fact, it was very useful to be able to download the ntp source code and look
> at the time conversion functions it uses...

Oops, you're right, forget it,

Henk



>
> jeff
>
> _______________________________________________
> ippm mailing list
> ippm@ietf.org
> https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ippm
>

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To: Roman Lapacz <romradz@man.poznan.pl>
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[ippm@ietf.org added to CC]

Roman Lapacz <romradz@man.poznan.pl> writes:

> very soon I will deploy OWAMP implementation in PSNC (there was the
> discussion about this with Eric Boyd during Terena 2004 Conference) but
> before that I would like to have a solid knowledge about OWAMP protocol
> (and furthermore its implementation on the C code level).
> 
> I've read the draft of the protocol and I have few questions. First, the
> process of establishing an encrypted and authenticated connection is
> rather unclear for me. I know MD5 and AES, what is for and how it works
> generally, but according to the draft I can't understand exactly the use
> (step-by-step) of Username, Token and Client-IV fields.

Roman,

I presume you're talking about the instructions in section 5.1 of
draft-ietf-ippm-owdp-08.txt.  Which part do you have difficulty
interpreting?

It would be helpful if you asked more specific questions.

Username is a string, 16-octet long, used to refer to a particular
shared secret.  The server might be prepared to conduct encrypted
sessions with more than one client.  The Username tells the server
which key to use.

Token is described in the paragraph starting with ``Otherwise,
[...]''.  It is necessary to know what Cipher Block Chaining means.
This has the standard meaning, i.e., the plain text of second block is
XORed with the cipher text of the first block before the former is
encrypted.

It might help to take a look at a cryptography book to refresh the
terminology.  For example, the _Handbook of Applied Cryptography_ is
immediately available for free in electronic format at
http://www.cacr.math.uwaterloo.ca/hac/, but Bruce Schneier's _Applied
Cryptography_ might be a better source.

If you have more specific questions, please do not hesitate to ask
them: if you have difficulty understanding something, there will be,
no doubt, someone else with the same difficulty.  But to make the text
better and more understandable, it must be known what is the exact
part that causes problems.

-- 
Stanislav Shalunov		http://www.internet2.edu/~shalunov/

Sex is the mathematics urge sublimated.                 -- M. C. Reed.

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From: Roman Lapacz <romradz@man.poznan.pl>
To: stanislav shalunov <shalunov@internet2.edu>
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Subject: [ippm] Re: owamp protocol
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On Wed, 2004-06-30 at 00:45, stanislav shalunov wrote:

> Roman,
> 
> I presume you're talking about the instructions in section 5.1 of
> draft-ietf-ippm-owdp-08.txt.
>   Which part do you have difficulty
> interpreting?
> 
> It would be helpful if you asked more specific questions.
> 
> Username is a string, 16-octet long, used to refer to a particular
> shared secret.  The server might be prepared to conduct encrypted
> sessions with more than one client.  The Username tells the server
> which key to use.

Stanislav,

finally, I understand section 5.1 (it took me a while :). I think (maybe
I'm wrong) there should be exact information in the text that there are
the same bindings 'username-secret_key' stored on both sides (client ad
server) before the protocol starts. Maybe this could clarify the
description of secured session establishing.

Roman




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