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From: "Mohan Parthasarathy" <mohanp@sbcglobal.net>
To: "MOBIKE Mailing List" <mobike@machshav.com>
Date: Sun, 2 Oct 2005 18:27:10 -0700
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Subject: [Mobike] Comments on draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-03.txt
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A few comments/questions...

 - Section 4.4

           The initiator receives a NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP notification
           that does not match the previous UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES response (see
           Section 4.7 for a more detailed description).
     
      This does not work reliably when IKE rekeying happens which changes the IKE SPIs.
       The initiator is behind NAT, creates the IKE SA and notes the down the
       NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP notification value (hash of SPI,
       IP address and port). If rekeying happens sometime later but never received
       a NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP or received one before rekeying happened,
       then the hash may differ because the NAT rebooted causing ports to change OR SPIs
       changed because of rekeying. How do you tell the difference between the two ?
       According to section 4.7, the sender SHOULD send UPDATE_SA message. Though
       there is no harm in sending one, this case should be explained somewhere..

             If the IPsec SAs were updated in the previous step: If NAT
             Traversal is not enabled, and the responder supports NAT Traversal
             (as indicated by NAT detection payloads in the IKE_SA_INIT
             exchange), and the initiator either suspects or knows that a NAT
             is likely to be present, enables NAT Traversal.

       I did not understand this step at all. If the IPsec SAs were updated, then the
       RR check won't be done. What is that got to do with NAT traversal ?

            If there are outstanding IKEv2 requests (requests for which the
             initiator has not yet received a reply), continues retransmitting
             them using the addresses in the IKE_SA (the new addresses).

        This does not have a corresponding section in what the responder. Though, trivial
        would make sense to include them.

- Section 4.5
           - What is the use of "NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS" notification ? At least i did not
               see any description/hint of how one would use it. 

           -   What is the use in adding NO_NATS_ALLOWED along with ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS
                 notification ?  The receiver of ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS takes it from the notification payload
                 and not from the IP header.  Is it just that you want to include NO_NATS_ALLOWED with
                 all possible notifications ? But section 4.8 allows only with IKE_SA_INIT and UPDATE_SA
                 _ADDRESS and ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS. In the IKE_SA_INIT and UPDATE_SA, you
                take from the IP header and hence it makes sense. Why do we need it for ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS ?

            - The VPN gateway may have a single address but the client may have multiple addresses.
               In that case it is okay if it does not send ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS notification but
                it needs to process one from the client. The last paragraph states something different.

- Section 4.7

             If the initiator is behind NAT, and if he suspects that the peer is *dead*, he can send a DPD message
             with UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES to recover faster. This was discussed in the mailing list sometime
             back. But i don't see this suggestion. Why do we have to know that the NAT mapping has changed
             explicitly ? If the path still does not work with UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES, then probably the
             path has failed.

- Section 4.9
            Can we show the DPD exchange here with possible payloads ?

- Section 6.1
     
       The last paragraph talks about NO_NATS_ALLOWED. The attack of modifying the header
       to cause DoS attack is only possible if the attacker knows that NO_NATS_ALLOWED is
       carried within the payload. As payloads are encrypted, it may not be that easy always. It is
       easy if it is the IKE_SA_INIT message.It might be worth stating when the attack is possible.

- Section 6.3

        Normally such attacks would expire in a short time frame due to the
        lack of responses (such as transport layer acknowledgements) from the
        victim.  However, as described in [Aura02], malicious participants
        would typically be able to spoof such acknowledgements and maintain
        the traffic flow for an extended period of time. 
 
   This attack is possible because the victim does not have a valid SA for the incoming
    ESP traffic and never reaches the TCP layer and hence no TCP RSTs. Might be worth
    mentioning here.

-mohan

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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Mon Oct 03 05:51:51 2005
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Comments on draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-03.txt
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Hi Mohan, and thanks a lot for your
comments!

Pasi, can you register this as an issue?
Or break down per section, Mohan's
issues are quite separate below.

Inline:

>A few comments/questions...
>
> - Section 4.4
>
>           The initiator receives a NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP notification
>           that does not match the previous UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES response (see
>           Section 4.7 for a more detailed description).
>     
>      This does not work reliably when IKE rekeying happens which changes the IKE SPIs.
>       The initiator is behind NAT, creates the IKE SA and notes the down the
>       NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP notification value (hash of SPI,
>       IP address and port). If rekeying happens sometime later but never received
>       a NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP or received one before rekeying happened,
>       then the hash may differ because the NAT rebooted causing ports to change OR SPIs
>       changed because of rekeying. How do you tell the difference between the two ?
>       According to section 4.7, the sender SHOULD send UPDATE_SA message. Though
>       there is no harm in sending one, this case should be explained somewhere..
>  
>
I think you are correct. I agree though that this does not cause
a serious problem.

>             If the IPsec SAs were updated in the previous step: If NAT
>             Traversal is not enabled, and the responder supports NAT Traversal
>             (as indicated by NAT detection payloads in the IKE_SA_INIT
>             exchange), and the initiator either suspects or knows that a NAT
>             is likely to be present, enables NAT Traversal.
>
>       I did not understand this step at all. If the IPsec SAs were updated, then the
>       RR check won't be done. What is that got to do with NAT traversal ?
>  
>
Good question. I don't they have much to do with each other.
It seems that the actions in this step should be done in any
case.

Also, "enables NAT traversal" is a bit vague. Presumably we
are sending payloads and making specific actions on the results
of seeing payloads come back.

>            If there are outstanding IKEv2 requests (requests for which the
>             initiator has not yet received a reply), continues retransmitting
>             them using the addresses in the IKE_SA (the new addresses).
>
>        This does not have a corresponding section in what the responder. Though, trivial
>        would make sense to include them.
>  
>
Yes.

>- Section 4.5
>           - What is the use of "NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS" notification ? At least i did not
>               see any description/hint of how one would use it. 
>  
>
Missing text, I think. Section 4.5 or 5.3 should
include something along the following lines:

   The ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notification MUST be used
   when there's more than one address to be communicated
   to the peer. The NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification
   MUST be used when there is only one address, and the peer
   was previously informed of multiple addresses. As a result,
   NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification is not needed
   in the initial IKEv2 exchange, and the ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESSES
   notification is needed in the the initial exchange only if there
   is more than one address.

>           -   What is the use in adding NO_NATS_ALLOWED along with ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS
>                 notification ?  The receiver of ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS takes it from the notification payload
>                 and not from the IP header.  Is it just that you want to include NO_NATS_ALLOWED with
>                 all possible notifications ? But section 4.8 allows only with IKE_SA_INIT and UPDATE_SA
>                 _ADDRESS and ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS. In the IKE_SA_INIT and UPDATE_SA, you
>                take from the IP header and hence it makes sense. Why do we need it for ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS ?
>  
>
I can't answer this. Pasi?

>            - The VPN gateway may have a single address but the client may have multiple addresses.
>               In that case it is okay if it does not send ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS notification but
>                it needs to process one from the client. The last paragraph states something different.
>  
>
Agreed, this is an issue. I think we wanted to say that
clients that do not intend to use more than one address
do not have to send ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.
But they still need to be able to handle them. This is a part
of the basic mobike protocol that devices supporting this rfc-to-be
should support.

>- Section 4.7
>
>             If the initiator is behind NAT, and if he suspects that the peer is *dead*, he can send a DPD message
>             with UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES to recover faster. This was discussed in the mailing list sometime
>             back. But i don't see this suggestion. Why do we have to know that the NAT mapping has changed
>             explicitly ? If the path still does not work with UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES, then probably the
>             path has failed.
>  
>
Tero, Pasi, can you say something about this?

>- Section 4.9
>            Can we show the DPD exchange here with possible payloads ?
>  
>
We have an example in Section 3.2. Would that be sufficient,
or do you want more?

>- Section 6.1
>     
>       The last paragraph talks about NO_NATS_ALLOWED. The attack of modifying the header
>       to cause DoS attack is only possible if the attacker knows that NO_NATS_ALLOWED is
>       carried within the payload. As payloads are encrypted, it may not be that easy always. It is
>       easy if it is the IKE_SA_INIT message.It might be worth stating when the attack is possible.
>  
>
Right. Thanks for spotting this!

>- Section 6.3
>
>        Normally such attacks would expire in a short time frame due to the
>        lack of responses (such as transport layer acknowledgements) from the
>        victim.  However, as described in [Aura02], malicious participants
>        would typically be able to spoof such acknowledgements and maintain
>        the traffic flow for an extended period of time. 
> 
>   This attack is possible because the victim does not have a valid SA for the incoming
>    ESP traffic and never reaches the TCP layer and hence no TCP RSTs. Might be worth
>    mentioning here.
>  
>
Ok.

--Jari

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I have now marked all the issues on the issue list as closed.  
If we re-visit any of the topics later (which hopefully we don't),
they will get new issue numbers.

A couple of pleas for help from the issue list maintainer:

- If you have many comments, please send them in several
  messages; this makes it much easier to track their status!  
  Of course, not every typo needs a separate message, but if 
  you have more than, say, 50 lines of comments, please split
  them.

- Be constructive: just pointing out problems or saying "I didn't
  understand Section X.Y" is not forbidden, but it's much better
  to say what you would like to see changed in the document.  Do
  you want a technical change in the protocol, or just rewording
  the description? Adding new functionality to the protocol?
  Or perhaps you don't want any changes, but are just asking a 
  question about the protocol? (sometimes it's not easy to tell 
  these apart)

Best regards,
Pasi
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Jari Arkko wrote:

> Hi Mohan, and thanks a lot for your comments!
> 
> Pasi, can you register this as an issue?  Or break down per 
> section, Mohan's issues are quite separate below.

I'm breaking this to a couple of issues...

> Inline:
> 
> >A few comments/questions...
> >
> > - Section 4.4
> >
> >           The initiator receives a NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP
> >           notification that does not match the previous
> >           UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES response (see Section 4.7 for a more
> >           detailed description).
> >     
> >      This does not work reliably when IKE rekeying happens which
> >      changes the IKE SPIs.  The initiator is behind NAT, creates
> >      the IKE SA and notes the down the
> >      NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP notification value (hash of SPI,
> >      IP address and port). If rekeying happens sometime later but
> >      never received a NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP or received one
> >      before rekeying happened, then the hash may differ because
> >      the NAT rebooted causing ports to change OR SPIs changed
> >      because of rekeying. How do you tell the difference between
> >      the two ?  According to section 4.7, the sender SHOULD send
> >      UPDATE_SA message. Though there is no harm in sending one,
> >      this case should be explained somewhere..
> 
> I think you are correct. I agree though that this does not cause
> a serious problem.

Hm... yes, this is true. Any suggestions what to do about this?
Would just mentioning this be sufficient? (It doesn't seem
to be a serious problem, especially since IKE_SA rekeying is
not done very frequently.)

Best regards,
Pasi

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> >- Section 6.1
> >     
> >       The last paragraph talks about NO_NATS_ALLOWED. The attack
> >       of modifying the header to cause DoS attack is only possible
> >       if the attacker knows that NO_NATS_ALLOWED is carried within
> >       the payload. As payloads are encrypted, it may not be that
> >       easy always. It is easy if it is the IKE_SA_INIT message. It
> >       might be worth stating when the attack is possible.
> 
> Right. Thanks for spotting this!

Er.. since the last paragraph of Section 6.1 doesn't talk about
DoS attacks, what exactly should be changed there?

Causing DoS by modifying a packet containing NO_NATS_ALLOWED
is mentioned in Section 4.8, but the attacker doesn't need to know
which packets contain NO_NATS_ALLOWED: it's probably easier to
modify all of them. (And the attacker could also make a pretty 
good guess just by looking at the unencrypted parts of the 
message: e.g. exchange type and message length).

> >- Section 6.3
> >
> >        Normally such attacks would expire in a short time frame
> >        due to the lack of responses (such as transport layer
> >        acknowledgements) from the victim.  However, as described
> >        in [Aura02], malicious participants would typically be able
> >        to spoof such acknowledgements and maintain the traffic
> >        flow for an extended period of time.
>
> >   This attack is possible because the victim does not have a valid
> >   SA for the incoming ESP traffic and never reaches the TCP layer
> >   and hence no TCP RSTs. Might be worth mentioning here.
> 
> Ok.

Probably the packets would not even reach the TCP layer, since
their destination IP address was not correct. So TCP RSTs would
not happen anyway.

Jari, do you have any text to suggest?

Best regards,
Pasi
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> >- Section 4.5
> >        - What is the use of "NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS" 
> >          notification ? At least i did not see any 
> >          description/hint of how one would use it. 
>
> Missing text, I think. Section 4.5 or 5.3 should
> include something along the following lines:
> 
>    The ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notification MUST be used
>    when there's more than one address to be communicated
>    to the peer. The NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification
>    MUST be used when there is only one address, and the peer
>    was previously informed of multiple addresses. As a result,
>    NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification is not needed
>    in the initial IKEv2 exchange, and the ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESSES
>    notification is needed in the the initial exchange only if there
>    is more than one address.

This is already described in Section 5.3, but I agree, the text
perhaps needs some clarification..

> >       - What is the use in adding NO_NATS_ALLOWED along with
> >       ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS notification ?  The receiver of
> >       ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS takes it from the notification payload
> >       and not from the IP header.  Is it just that you want to
> >       include NO_NATS_ALLOWED with all possible notifications ?
> >       But section 4.8 allows only with IKE_SA_INIT and UPDATE_SA
> >       _ADDRESS and ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS. In the IKE_SA_INIT and
> >       UPDATE_SA, you take from the IP header and hence it makes
> >       sense. Why do we need it for ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS ?
>
> I can't answer this. Pasi?

Because just like in the IKE_SA_INIT case, the notifications
contain addresses _in_addition_ to the one used in the IP header.
So we need NO_NATS_ALLOWED to protect the one in the IP header.

(We could change it so that all the addresses were in
ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications, but this way it's more 
uniform treatment IKE_SA_INIT vs. INFORMATIONAL, and NAT-T 
vs. NAT prohibition.)

> >       - The VPN gateway may have a single address but the client
> >       may have multiple addresses.  In that case it is okay if it
> >       does not send ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS notification but it needs
> >       to process one from the client. The last paragraph states
> >       something different.
>
> Agreed, this is an issue. I think we wanted to say that clients that
> do not intend to use more than one address do not have to send
> ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.  But they still need to be able
> to handle them. This is a part of the basic mobike protocol that
> devices supporting this rfc-to-be should support.

The text actually says that

  "a simple "VPN gateway" that has only a single address, and is
  not going to change it, does not need to send or understand
  ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.

This is correct: the responder in this case does not have to
understand ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications because the only time 
it would use the information is when its own address changes.  Or
in other words, even if it did understand them, it would not make 
any difference since the information would not be used for anything.

Best regards,
Pasi
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue 46: Questions about additional addresses (was:
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

>>>- Section 4.5
>>>       - What is the use of "NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS" 
>>>         notification ? At least i did not see any 
>>>         description/hint of how one would use it. 
>>>      
>>>
>>Missing text, I think. Section 4.5 or 5.3 should
>>include something along the following lines:
>>
>>   The ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notification MUST be used
>>   when there's more than one address to be communicated
>>   to the peer. The NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification
>>   MUST be used when there is only one address, and the peer
>>   was previously informed of multiple addresses. As a result,
>>   NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification is not needed
>>   in the initial IKEv2 exchange, and the ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESSES
>>   notification is needed in the the initial exchange only if there
>>   is more than one address.
>>    
>>
>
>This is already described in Section 5.3, but I agree, the text
>perhaps needs some clarification..
>  
>
Ok. Use your judgment to edit this in. But I think
the current text on this point is vague.

>>>      - What is the use in adding NO_NATS_ALLOWED along with
>>>      ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS notification ?  The receiver of
>>>      ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS takes it from the notification payload
>>>      and not from the IP header.  Is it just that you want to
>>>      include NO_NATS_ALLOWED with all possible notifications ?
>>>      But section 4.8 allows only with IKE_SA_INIT and UPDATE_SA
>>>      _ADDRESS and ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS. In the IKE_SA_INIT and
>>>      UPDATE_SA, you take from the IP header and hence it makes
>>>      sense. Why do we need it for ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS ?
>>>      
>>>
>>I can't answer this. Pasi?
>>    
>>
>
>Because just like in the IKE_SA_INIT case, the notifications
>contain addresses _in_addition_ to the one used in the IP header.
>So we need NO_NATS_ALLOWED to protect the one in the IP header.
>  
>
Hmm. Is that address used for something, beyond
responding to the request?

>>>      - The VPN gateway may have a single address but the client
>>>      may have multiple addresses.  In that case it is okay if it
>>>      does not send ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS notification but it needs
>>>      to process one from the client. The last paragraph states
>>>      something different.
>>>      
>>>
>>Agreed, this is an issue. I think we wanted to say that clients that
>>do not intend to use more than one address do not have to send
>>ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.  But they still need to be able
>>to handle them. This is a part of the basic mobike protocol that
>>devices supporting this rfc-to-be should support.
>>    
>>
>
>The text actually says that
>
>  "a simple "VPN gateway" that has only a single address, and is
>  not going to change it, does not need to send or understand
>  ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.
>
>This is correct: the responder in this case does not have to
>understand ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications because the only time 
>it would use the information is when its own address changes.  Or
>in other words, even if it did understand them, it would not make 
>any difference since the information would not be used for anything
>  
>
Ok. Now I understand. But you still had the other
part in the text that said:

   A minimal "mobile client" could have a policy
   that says that only the responder's address specified in local
   configuration is acceptable.

I can see that such a policy is possible.  But I'm not sure
I see the same initiator-decides effect here than was
present in the gateway side. Since the client is responsible
for address selection in both, it seems that a client
that does not implement gateway ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS
payloads does not implement the full protocol. We can of
course choose what our mandatory-to-implement requirements
are. Does the text above mean that a minimal mobile
client can choose not to implement this part of the protocol,
or only that its legal to configure it so that expects a single
address from the other side? I'd rather see the latter...

--Jari

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  > > >A few comments/questions...
> > >
> > > - Section 4.4
> > >
> > >           The initiator receives a NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP
> > >           notification that does not match the previous
> > >           UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES response (see Section 4.7 for a more
> > >           detailed description).
> > >     
> > >      This does not work reliably when IKE rekeying happens which
> > >      changes the IKE SPIs.  The initiator is behind NAT, creates
> > >      the IKE SA and notes the down the
> > >      NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP notification value (hash of SPI,
> > >      IP address and port). If rekeying happens sometime later but
> > >      never received a NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP or received one
> > >      before rekeying happened, then the hash may differ because
> > >      the NAT rebooted causing ports to change OR SPIs changed
> > >      because of rekeying. How do you tell the difference between
> > >      the two ?  According to section 4.7, the sender SHOULD send
> > >      UPDATE_SA message. Though there is no harm in sending one,
> > >      this case should be explained somewhere..
> > 
> > I think you are correct. I agree though that this does not cause
> > a serious problem.
> 
> Hm... yes, this is true. Any suggestions what to do about this?
> Would just mentioning this be sufficient? (It doesn't seem
> to be a serious problem, especially since IKE_SA rekeying is
> not done very frequently.)
> 
Do we really need this functionality ? Why does the initiator need to know explicitly
that the NAT mapping has changed ? The initiator behind NAT sends the DPD always
with UPDATE_SA_ADDRESS. It should fix it automatically. If it does not, then the
PATH is broken. Wouldn't that work ?

-mohan

> Best regards,
> Pasi
> 
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Mon Oct 03 23:10:38 2005
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue 45: Clarifications to security
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 > > >
> > >       The last paragraph talks about NO_NATS_ALLOWED. The attack
> > >       of modifying the header to cause DoS attack is only possible
> > >       if the attacker knows that NO_NATS_ALLOWED is carried within
> > >       the payload. As payloads are encrypted, it may not be that
> > >       easy always. It is easy if it is the IKE_SA_INIT message. It
> > >       might be worth stating when the attack is possible.
> >
> > Right. Thanks for spotting this!
>
> Er.. since the last paragraph of Section 6.1 doesn't talk about
> DoS attacks, what exactly should be changed there?
>
> Causing DoS by modifying a packet containing NO_NATS_ALLOWED
> is mentioned in Section 4.8, but the attacker doesn't need to know
> which packets contain NO_NATS_ALLOWED: it's probably easier to
> modify all of them. (And the attacker could also make a pretty
> good guess just by looking at the unencrypted parts of the
> message: e.g. exchange type and message length).

If you read the previous paragraph :

   This attack can only be launched by on-path attackers that are
   capable of modifying IKEv2 messages carrying NAT detection payloads
   (such as Dead Peer Detection messages).  By modifying the IP header
   of these packets, the attackers can lead the peers believe a new NAT
   or a changed NAT binding exists between them.  The attack can
   continue as long as the attacker is on the path, modifying the IKEv2
   messages.  If this is no longer the case, IKEv2 and MOBIKE mechanisms
   designed to detect NAT mapping changes will eventually recognize that
   the intended traffic is not getting through, and update the addresses
   appropriately.It says when and how the attack can be launched. I just thought it wouldmake sense to do the same for
NO_NATS_ALLOWED. > > > >- Section 6.3> > >> > >        Normally such attacks would expire in a short time frame> > >        due to
the lack of responses (such as transport layer> > >        acknowledgements) from the victim.  However, as described> > >        in
[Aura02], malicious participants would typically be able> > >        to spoof such acknowledgements and maintain the traffic> > >
flow for an extended period of time.> >> > >   This attack is possible because the victim does not have a valid> > >   SA for the
incoming ESP traffic and never reaches the TCP layer> > >   and hence no TCP RSTs. Might be worth mentioning here.> > > > Ok.> >
Probably the packets would not even reach the TCP layer, since> their destination IP address was not correct. So TCP RSTs would> not
happen anyway.> I thought this attack is where you establish a TCP connection, redirectto a victim, and keep sending
acknowledgements ?-mohan> Jari, do you have any text to suggest?> > Best regards,> Pasi>
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue 46: Questions about additional addresses
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> 
> > >- Section 4.5
> > >        - What is the use of "NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS" 
> > >          notification ? At least i did not see any 
> > >          description/hint of how one would use it. 
> >
> > Missing text, I think. Section 4.5 or 5.3 should
> > include something along the following lines:
> > 
> >    The ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notification MUST be used
> >    when there's more than one address to be communicated
> >    to the peer. The NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification
> >    MUST be used when there is only one address, and the peer
> >    was previously informed of multiple addresses. As a result,
> >    NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification is not needed
> >    in the initial IKEv2 exchange, and the ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESSES
> >    notification is needed in the the initial exchange only if there
> >    is more than one address.
> 
> This is already described in Section 5.3, but I agree, the text
> perhaps needs some clarification..
> 
So, if i informed the peer about 5 addresses, and two of my addresses
became invalid,  what do i do then ? Why is returning to one valid
address case special ?


> > >       - What is the use in adding NO_NATS_ALLOWED along with
> > >       ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS notification ?  The receiver of
> > >       ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS takes it from the notification payload
> > >       and not from the IP header.  Is it just that you want to
> > >       include NO_NATS_ALLOWED with all possible notifications ?
> > >       But section 4.8 allows only with IKE_SA_INIT and UPDATE_SA
> > >       _ADDRESS and ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS. In the IKE_SA_INIT and
> > >       UPDATE_SA, you take from the IP header and hence it makes
> > >       sense. Why do we need it for ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS ?
> >
> > I can't answer this. Pasi?
> 
> Because just like in the IKE_SA_INIT case, the notifications
> contain addresses _in_addition_ to the one used in the IP header.
> So we need NO_NATS_ALLOWED to protect the one in the IP header.
> 
Then, i should be able to use NO_NATS_ALLOWED in any message
to protect the IP header. Sorry, i still can't understand.

> (We could change it so that all the addresses were in
> ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications, but this way it's more 
> uniform treatment IKE_SA_INIT vs. INFORMATIONAL, and NAT-T 
> vs. NAT prohibition.)
> 
> > >       - The VPN gateway may have a single address but the client
> > >       may have multiple addresses.  In that case it is okay if it
> > >       does not send ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS notification but it needs
> > >       to process one from the client. The last paragraph states
> > >       something different.
> >
> > Agreed, this is an issue. I think we wanted to say that clients that
> > do not intend to use more than one address do not have to send
> > ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.  But they still need to be able
> > to handle them. This is a part of the basic mobike protocol that
> > devices supporting this rfc-to-be should support.
> 
> The text actually says that
> 
>   "a simple "VPN gateway" that has only a single address, and is
>   not going to change it, does not need to send or understand
>   ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.
> 
> This is correct: the responder in this case does not have to
> understand ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications because the only time 
> it would use the information is when its own address changes.  Or
> in other words, even if it did understand them, it would not make 
> any difference since the information would not be used for anything.
> 
Hmm.. but it can still change the peer's address given in the ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS.
I understand that it does not have to change. But if the client has multiple
addresses and there is some connectivity problem, it can try a different address, right ?

-mohan


-mohan

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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Mon Oct 03 23:34:26 2005
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It looks like my previous response got garbled up..so retyping it here..

> > >- Section 6.1
> > >     
> > >       The last paragraph talks about NO_NATS_ALLOWED. The attack
> > >       of modifying the header to cause DoS attack is only possible
> > >       if the attacker knows that NO_NATS_ALLOWED is carried within
> > >       the payload. As payloads are encrypted, it may not be that
> > >       easy always. It is easy if it is the IKE_SA_INIT message. It
> > >       might be worth stating when the attack is possible.
> > 
> > Right. Thanks for spotting this!
> 
> Er.. since the last paragraph of Section 6.1 doesn't talk about
> DoS attacks, what exactly should be changed there?
> 
> Causing DoS by modifying a packet containing NO_NATS_ALLOWED
> is mentioned in Section 4.8, but the attacker doesn't need to know
> which packets contain NO_NATS_ALLOWED: it's probably easier to
> modify all of them. (And the attacker could also make a pretty 
> good guess just by looking at the unencrypted parts of the 
> message: e.g. exchange type and message length).
> 
Hmm.. section 6.1 contains:

   However, just like with normal IKEv2, the actual IP addresses in the
   IP header are not covered by the integrity protection.  This means
   that a NAT between the parties (or an attacker acting as a NAT) can
   modify the addresses and cause incorrect tunnel header (outer) IP
   addresses to be used for IPsec SAs.  The scope of this attack is
   limited mainly to denial-of-service, since all traffic is protected
   using IPsec.        ^

It talks about DoS attack here...

   This attack can only be launched by on-path attackers that are
   capable of modifying IKEv2 messages carrying NAT detection payloads
   (such as Dead Peer Detection messages).  By modifying the IP header
   of these packets, the attackers can lead the peers believe a new NAT
   or a changed NAT binding exists between them.  The attack can
   continue as long as the attacker is on the path, modifying the IKEv2
   messages.  If this is no longer the case, IKEv2 and MOBIKE mechanisms
   designed to detect NAT mapping changes will eventually recognize that
   the intended traffic is not getting through, and update the addresses
   appropriately.

Here, it talks about how/why an attacker can launch attacks packets that
carries NAT-D payloads. So, it might make sense to explain the same for
NO_NATS_ALLOWED also. One can modify all ESP packets (without
knowing whether NAT-D payload is included or not) to launch  the attack
described in the previous paragraph, but similar things can be done things
outside of MOBIKE also and hence not very interesting..

> > >- Section 6.3
> > >
> > >        Normally such attacks would expire in a short time frame
> > >        due to the lack of responses (such as transport layer
> > >        acknowledgements) from the victim.  However, as described
> > >        in [Aura02], malicious participants would typically be able
> > >        to spoof such acknowledgements and maintain the traffic
> > >        flow for an extended period of time.
> >
> > >   This attack is possible because the victim does not have a valid
> > >   SA for the incoming ESP traffic and never reaches the TCP layer
> > >   and hence no TCP RSTs. Might be worth mentioning here.
> > 
> > Ok.
> 
> Probably the packets would not even reach the TCP layer, since
> their destination IP address was not correct. So TCP RSTs would
> not happen anyway.
> 
My understanding of this attack is the client establishes the TCP connection,
redirects the stream to a victim and sends false acknowledgements ? (Similar
attack exists in MIP6 and packets get discarded because of Home address
option at the IP layer).

-mohan

> Jari, do you have any text to suggest?
> 
> Best regards,
> Pasi
> _______________________________________________
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OK.

The fact that we are only discussing tunnel mode is not explicitly
mentioned until section 3.4 in this document.  There is one place in the
introduction that mentions it, but only in passing.  Everywhere else, it
is inferred and/or assumed.  Although it is said explicitly in section
3.4, but that is after we have read a lot of text without knowing this.
Also, it is called limitations, rather than scope.  I suggest that you
move this 3.4 to section 2. and call it scope.  

Here is suggested text:

2. Scope

The scope of this document is limited to tunnel mode as the base version
of the MOBIKE protocol.

---------------------------------------------------------------
Some nits:

MOBIKE allows both parties to have several addresses, and there are
   up to N*M pairs of IP addresses that could potentially be used.  The
   decision of which of these pairs to use has to take into account
   several factors.  First, the parties have may preferences about which
   interface should be used, due to performance and cost reasons, for
   instance.  Second, the decision is constrained by the fact that some
   of the pairs may not work at all due to incompatible IP versions,
   outages somewhere in the network, problems at the local link at
   either end, and so on.

How about changed text indicated by *:

MOBIKE allows both parties to have *multiple points of attachment each
represented by an IP address*, and there are
   up to N*M pairs of IP addresses that could potentially be used *for
the tunnel endpoints*.  The
   decision of which of these pairs to use has to take into account
   several factors.  First, the parties have *many* preferences about
which
   interface should be used, due to performance and cost reasons, for
   instance.  Second, the decision is constrained by the fact that some
   of the pairs may not work at all due to incompatible IP versions,
   outages *delete somewhere* in the network, problems at the local link
at
   either end, and so on.

-- Maureen





-----Original Message-----
From: mobike-bounces@machshav.com [mailto:mobike-bounces@machshav.com] 
Sent: Monday, October 03, 2005 10:21 AM
To: mobike@machshav.com
Subject: [Mobike] Issue list status & plea for help

I have now marked all the issues on the issue list as closed.  
If we re-visit any of the topics later (which hopefully we don't),
they will get new issue numbers.

A couple of pleas for help from the issue list maintainer:

- If you have many comments, please send them in several
  messages; this makes it much easier to track their status!  
  Of course, not every typo needs a separate message, but if 
  you have more than, say, 50 lines of comments, please split
  them.

- Be constructive: just pointing out problems or saying "I didn't
  understand Section X.Y" is not forbidden, but it's much better
  to say what you would like to see changed in the document.  Do
  you want a technical change in the protocol, or just rewording
  the description? Adding new functionality to the protocol?
  Or perhaps you don't want any changes, but are just asking a 
  question about the protocol? (sometimes it's not easy to tell 
  these apart)

Best regards,
Pasi
_______________________________________________
Mobike mailing list
Mobike@machshav.com
https://www.machshav.com/mailman/listinfo.cgi/mobike
_______________________________________________
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Tue Oct 04 09:11:36 2005
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From: <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>
To: <jari.arkko@piuha.net>, <mohanp@sbcglobal.net>
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue 47: More comments from Mohan (was: Comments on
	draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-03.txt)
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Jari Arkko wrote:

> >             If the IPsec SAs were updated in the previous step:
> >             If NAT Traversal is not enabled, and the responder
> >             supports NAT Traversal (as indicated by NAT detection
> >             payloads in the IKE_SA_INIT exchange), and the
> >             initiator either suspects or knows that a NAT is
> >             likely to be present, enables NAT Traversal.
> >
> >       I did not understand this step at all. If the IPsec SAs were
> >       updated, then the RR check won't be done. What is that got
> >       to do with NAT traversal ?
> 
> Good question. I don't they have much to do with each other.
> It seems that the actions in this step should be done in any
> case.
> 
> Also, "enables NAT traversal" is a bit vague. Presumably we
> are sending payloads and making specific actions on the results
> of seeing payloads come back.

The reasoning is that updating the addresses in IPsec SAs and
enabling/disabling NAT Traversal go together: if you don't do RR
check, you do both immediately; but if you wait for the RR check to
finish, you also don't toggle NAT-T before you've updated the
addresses in the SA.

"Enabling NAT traversal" here means starting UDP encapsulating
outgoing ESP packets and sending NAT-Keepalive packets (i.e., 
it doesn't involve sending any IKEv2 payloads, other than those
already explicitly specified in that section). 

How about adding "(i.e., enables UDP encapsulation of outgoing ESP 
packets and sending of NAT-Keepalive packets)" there?

> >            If there are outstanding IKEv2 requests (requests for
> >            which the initiator has not yet received a reply),
> >            continues retransmitting them using the addresses in
> >            the IKE_SA (the new addresses).
> >
> >        This does not have a corresponding section in what the
> >        responder. Though, trivial would make sense to include
> >        them.
>
> Yes.

The responder processes the requests as usual: if the request
was CREATE_CHILD_SA, creates the new SA or something, etc. 
Note that the responder's part start with this text:

   When processing an INFORMATIONAL request containing the
   UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES notification, the responder:

so I'm not sure what should be added here?

> >- Section 4.7
> >
> >             If the initiator is behind NAT, and if he suspects
> >             that the peer is *dead*, he can send a DPD message
> >             with UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES to recover faster.  This was
> >             discussed in the mailing list sometime back. But i
> >             don't see this suggestion. Why do we have to know that
> >             the NAT mapping has changed explicitly ? If the path
> >             still does not work with UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES, then
> >             probably the path has failed.
>
> Tero, Pasi, can you say something about this?

Knowing that the NAT mapping has changed might be useful, since 
it allows you to adjust the keepalive interval. But the initiator 
could also send the UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES immediately.

How about adding "The initiator MAY also omit the separate
exchange to detect the change in NAT mappings, and instead send
UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES immediately when doing dead peer detection."
to 3rd paragraph of Section 4.7?

> >- Section 4.9
> >            Can we show the DPD exchange here with possible 
> >            payloads ?
>
> We have an example in Section 3.2. Would that be sufficient,
> or do you want more?

There is no "DPD exchange" in IKEv2; any INFORMATIONAL exchange
confirms the peer is alive (and thus it can include whatever
payloads any other INFORMATIONAL exchange includes).

Best regards,
Pasi
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Tue Oct 04 11:35:13 2005
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Maureen,

Yes, I noticed this as well.

I'd suggest including it even earlier, in the abstract:

    ...MOBIKE allows hostst to update the (outer) IP addresses associated 
with IKEv2 and **tunnel mode** IPsec Security Associations...

            jak

----- Original Message ----- 
From: <Maureen.Stillman@nokia.com>
To: <mobike@machshav.com>
Sent: Monday, October 03, 2005 10:23 PM
Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue list status & plea for help


> OK.
>
> The fact that we are only discussing tunnel mode is not explicitly
> mentioned until section 3.4 in this document.  There is one place in the
> introduction that mentions it, but only in passing.  Everywhere else, it
> is inferred and/or assumed.  Although it is said explicitly in section
> 3.4, but that is after we have read a lot of text without knowing this.
> Also, it is called limitations, rather than scope.  I suggest that you
> move this 3.4 to section 2. and call it scope.
>
> Here is suggested text:
>
> 2. Scope
>
> The scope of this document is limited to tunnel mode as the base version
> of the MOBIKE protocol.
>
> ---------------------------------------------------------------
> Some nits:
>
> MOBIKE allows both parties to have several addresses, and there are
>   up to N*M pairs of IP addresses that could potentially be used.  The
>   decision of which of these pairs to use has to take into account
>   several factors.  First, the parties have may preferences about which
>   interface should be used, due to performance and cost reasons, for
>   instance.  Second, the decision is constrained by the fact that some
>   of the pairs may not work at all due to incompatible IP versions,
>   outages somewhere in the network, problems at the local link at
>   either end, and so on.
>
> How about changed text indicated by *:
>
> MOBIKE allows both parties to have *multiple points of attachment each
> represented by an IP address*, and there are
>   up to N*M pairs of IP addresses that could potentially be used *for
> the tunnel endpoints*.  The
>   decision of which of these pairs to use has to take into account
>   several factors.  First, the parties have *many* preferences about
> which
>   interface should be used, due to performance and cost reasons, for
>   instance.  Second, the decision is constrained by the fact that some
>   of the pairs may not work at all due to incompatible IP versions,
>   outages *delete somewhere* in the network, problems at the local link
> at
>   either end, and so on.
>
> -- Maureen
>
>
>
>
>
> -----Original Message-----
> From: mobike-bounces@machshav.com [mailto:mobike-bounces@machshav.com]
> Sent: Monday, October 03, 2005 10:21 AM
> To: mobike@machshav.com
> Subject: [Mobike] Issue list status & plea for help
>
> I have now marked all the issues on the issue list as closed.
> If we re-visit any of the topics later (which hopefully we don't),
> they will get new issue numbers.
>
> A couple of pleas for help from the issue list maintainer:
>
> - If you have many comments, please send them in several
>  messages; this makes it much easier to track their status!
>  Of course, not every typo needs a separate message, but if
>  you have more than, say, 50 lines of comments, please split
>  them.
>
> - Be constructive: just pointing out problems or saying "I didn't
>  understand Section X.Y" is not forbidden, but it's much better
>  to say what you would like to see changed in the document.  Do
>  you want a technical change in the protocol, or just rewording
>  the description? Adding new functionality to the protocol?
>  Or perhaps you don't want any changes, but are just asking a
>  question about the protocol? (sometimes it's not easy to tell
>  these apart)
>
> Best regards,
> Pasi
> _______________________________________________
> Mobike mailing list
> Mobike@machshav.com
> https://www.machshav.com/mailman/listinfo.cgi/mobike
> _______________________________________________
> Mobike mailing list
> Mobike@machshav.com
> https://www.machshav.com/mailman/listinfo.cgi/mobike 


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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Wed Oct 05 22:03:48 2005
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Cc: MOBIKE Mailing List <mobike@machshav.com>, jari.arkko@piuha.net
Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue 47: More comments from Mohan (was: Comments
	ondraft-ietf-mobike-protocol-03.txt)
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 > > The reasoning is that updating the addresses in IPsec SAs and
> > enabling/disabling NAT Traversal go together: if you don't do RR
> > check, you do both immediately; but if you wait for the RR check to
> > finish, you also don't toggle NAT-T before you've updated the
> > addresses in the SA.
> > 
Ah! that makes sense.

> > "Enabling NAT traversal" here means starting UDP encapsulating
> > outgoing ESP packets and sending NAT-Keepalive packets (i.e., 
> > it doesn't involve sending any IKEv2 payloads, other than those
> > already explicitly specified in that section). 
> > 
> > How about adding "(i.e., enables UDP encapsulation of outgoing ESP 
> > packets and sending of NAT-Keepalive packets)" there?
> > 
Perhaps, instead of adding, just replace "enabling NAT traversal" with explicit
text like what you suggest above. At the end of the same section, there is
similar text "enable/disable NAT traversal". Perhaps, that also should say
the same thing.  

> > > >            If there are outstanding IKEv2 requests (requests for
> > > >            which the initiator has not yet received a reply),
> > > >            continues retransmitting them using the addresses in
> > > >            the IKE_SA (the new addresses).
> > > >
> > > >        This does not have a corresponding section in what the
> > > >        responder. Though, trivial would make sense to include
> > > >        them.
> > >
> > > Yes.
> > 
> > The responder processes the requests as usual: if the request
> > was CREATE_CHILD_SA, creates the new SA or something, etc. 
> > Note that the responder's part start with this text:
> > 
> >    When processing an INFORMATIONAL request containing the
> >    UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES notification, the responder:
> > 
> > so I'm not sure what should be added here?
> > 
But this does not cover the above case. When the window is closed,
you are retransmitting requests/responses that does not contain
the UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES. So, it has to be included somewhere
to say that "when the responder sees packets coming in with new
addresses, it should not update the SA if MOBIKE is enabled".
According to the IKEv2 base spec, the IKE SA will be updated
if a NAT was detected earlier.

> > > >- Section 4.7
> > > >
> > > >             If the initiator is behind NAT, and if he suspects
> > > >             that the peer is *dead*, he can send a DPD message
> > > >             with UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES to recover faster.  This was
> > > >             discussed in the mailing list sometime back. But i
> > > >             don't see this suggestion. Why do we have to know that
> > > >             the NAT mapping has changed explicitly ? If the path
> > > >             still does not work with UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES, then
> > > >             probably the path has failed.
> > >
> > > Tero, Pasi, can you say something about this?
> > 
> > Knowing that the NAT mapping has changed might be useful, since 
> > it allows you to adjust the keepalive interval. But the initiator 
> > could also send the UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES immediately.
> > 
> > How about adding "The initiator MAY also omit the separate
> > exchange to detect the change in NAT mappings, and instead send
> > UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES immediately when doing dead peer detection."
> > to 3rd paragraph of Section 4.7?
> > 
But we still have a problem with the current approach right ? How are we
going to fix that ? My experience with NAT keepalives has lead to a
very conservative approach :-) If it is 45 seconds,  your timer should
be around 40 seconds or less to be completely sure that it works always.


> > > >- Section 4.9
> > > >            Can we show the DPD exchange here with possible 
> > > >            payloads ?
> > >
> > > We have an example in Section 3.2. Would that be sufficient,
> > > or do you want more?
> > 
> > There is no "DPD exchange" in IKEv2; any INFORMATIONAL exchange
> > confirms the peer is alive (and thus it can include whatever
> > payloads any other INFORMATIONAL exchange includes).
> > 
But i saw some exchange earlier in the draft. My only intent is to show
the possible payloads that can be sent along with this from the MOBIKE
perspective.

-mohan

> > Best regards,
> > Pasi
> > _______________________________________________
> > Mobike mailing list
> > Mobike@machshav.com
> > https://www.machshav.com/mailman/listinfo.cgi/mobike
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Tuomas Aura wrote:

>The security considerations section covers well the important issues. However, I have the following comments and questions.
>
>Comment 1:  
>
>As explained in the security considerations section 6.1, an attacker can spoof the source address of UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES and, thus, cause the responder to record the wrong address for the initiator. Essentially, the attacker behaves as a NAT for selected messages. I'd like to add the following observations:
>
>- Mobike hosts are more vulnerable to this attack than non-Mobike hosts that are behind a NAT and use IKE NAT-T negotiation (e.g., VPN clients at a home LAN). This is because a mobile host is more likely to visits untrusted access networks and to be exposed to attackers at its local link. 
>
>- The sender-authentication of the address updates in Mobike is weaker than it is in other mobility protocols like Mobile IPv6 or HIP where the mobile's new address is included in the authenticated part of the location update. This may be surprising because Mobike uses the strong authentication provided by IKE.
>
>-  As a possible defense mechanism, the initiator local policy can be configured to send NO_NATS_ALLOWED if and only if the initiator address at the local link is private or link-local. This does not require any changes to the specification. 
>
>- As another defense mechanism, the responder could reject address updates where the initiator moves between two addresses on the same local link. This would prevent attacks by the most likely type of attacker that is on the same local link as the initiator and uses its own address as the spoofed source address. In IPv6, it is obvious which addresses are on the same local link. It should probably be the initiator that makes the decision about such a policy, in the same way as the initiator can decide whether to use NO_NAT_ALLOWED. In IPv4, the address mask would need to be communicated to the responder. I haven't considered the details.
>
>Comment 2:  
>
>If the initiator does not support NAT traversal, is it required to send the NO_NATS_ALLOWED payload? Looks like this would make sense but I cannot find it anywhere in the spec. Or does it make sense for an initiator to behave otherwise. 
>
>Comment 3: 
>
>Does the SA recover from the attack of comment 1 if NAT traversal is not in use?
>
>Consider an initiator and responder at least one of which does not support NAT traversal, or an initiator that sends NO_NATS_ALLOWED. The attacker is located on the route between the initiator and the responder, for example, at the initiator's local link. The attacker intercepts the UPDATE_IP_ADDRESS notification, modifies its source address to be the attacker's address, and forwards the packet to the responder. The attacker receives the response and forwards it to the initiator. That is, the attacker behaves like a NAT for this one address pair. The result is that the responder has records the wrong address for the initiator. Moreover, the result of the NAT traversal negotiation is that NAT traversal will not be used between these two end hosts. The attacker now stops interfering with packets and leaves the network. Can the SA recover? 
>
>The security considerations section 6.1 refers to "IKEv2 and Mobile mechanisms designed to detect NAT mapping changes" as the recovery mechanism. But these mechanisms will not kick in after the above attack because NAT traversal is not in use. It looks like the SA won't recover from this attack. Or is there some other recovery mechanism that I have missed?
>
>Comment 4: 
>
>IPsec SAs are identified by the <destination IP address, SPI> pair. Normally, these identifiers are unique for inbound SAs destination host is responsible for allocating the SPIs and for outbound SAs because the destination address identifies a unique host. In Mobike, the latter is no longer true. That is, identifier collisions may occur for outbound SAs at the responder.
>
>Consider the following example of an accidental collision: I1 and I2 are honest initiators that both have an SA with the same honest responder R. The outbound SAs from R happen, by change, to have the same SPI. (This is ok because the destination IP addresses differ.) I1 is first located at the address A1 and I2 is located at the address A2. Thus, tunnel-mode ESP packets from R to I1 have A1 as the outer destination address and I1 as the inner destination address; tunnel-mode ESP packets from R to I2 have A2 as the outer destination address and I2 as the inner destination address. Now, I2 becomes disconnected from the network and I1 moves to its old address A2. I1 sends the UPDATE_IP_ADDRESS notification to R. R updates the outbound SA to point to A2. It now has two outbound SAs with the same identifier <A2,SPI>. Can Mobike implementations cope with this? (Consider also a situation where both SAs were created from the same SPD entry with the destination addresses populated f
 rom packets.)
> 
>One policy for dealing with accidental collisions of <dst IP, SPI> is to evict either the unchanged or the changed SA from SAD. Unfortunately, both policies enable a DoS attacks. If the unchanged SA is evicted, an attacker that sees a packet from R to I1 and learns the SPI can intentionally create another SA with the same SPI and then cause the collision. If the changed SA is evicted, the attacker can squat the <dst IP,SPI> pair if it knows the address to which the initiator will next move. In both cases, the result is the loss of the target SA. Both attacks require the attacker to be either at the initiator's local link or on the route between the initiator and the responder. 
>
>While these attacks do not appear very serious, it is better to manage outbound SAs at the responder in such a way that <dst IP, SPI> collisions can be tolerated. Some implementations probably work like this already. 
>
>Tuomas
>
>
>  
>


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These comments are all editorial.

4.7 Changes in NAT Mappings

In MOBIKE, these messages can also be used to detect if NAT mappings
   have changed (for example, if the keepalive internal is too long, or
   the NAT box is rebooted).  

I think you meant to say keepalive interval not keepalive internal.

-------------------------------------------------------

5. Payload formats

5.1 MOBIKE_SUPPORTED Notify Payload

I think these headers and text should more closely match what is in
IKEv2.  Also these messages should be split between what is an error,
5.5 and 5.8, and what is a status message all the rest.  This is also
how the split is done in IKEv2.  See the template and text below which I
stole from IKEv2.  

Here is the new suggested text:

5. Notify Payload

The Notify Payload, denoted N in this document, is used to transmit
informational data, such as error conditions and state transitions, to
an IKE peer. A Notify Payload may appear in a response message (usually
specifying why a request was rejected), in an INFORMATIONAL Exchange (to
report an error not in an IKE request), or in any other message to
indicate sender capabilities or to modify the meaning of the request.
MOBIKE protocol message exchanges use the IKEv2 notify payload as
specified below.


5.1 Notify Message Types

Notify Messages - Status Types           Value
----------------------------------------------
MOBIKE_SUPPORTED

ADDITIONAL_IPv4/6_ADDRESS

Etc.


Notify Messages - Error Types            Value
----------------------------------------------

UNACCEPTABLE ADDRESSES

UNEXPECTED_NAT_DETECTED

-----------------------------------------------------------------------

In addition, you might want to put in the format of the Notify payload.
Again, this is taken directly from the IKEv2 document.  If you decide to
do this, it would be placed at the end of the section 5. but directly
preceding 5.1.

The Notify Payload is defined as follows:

                           1                   2                   3
       0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      ! Next Payload  !C!  RESERVED   !         Payload Length        !
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      !  Protocol ID  !   SPI Size    !      Notify Message Type      !
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      !                                                               !
      ~                Security Parameter Index (SPI)                 ~
      !                                                               !
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+
      !                                                               !
      ~                       Notification Data                       ~
      !                                                               !
      +-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+-+

               Figure 16:  Notification Payload Format

   o  Protocol ID (1 octet) - If this notification concerns
      an existing SA, this field indicates the type of that SA.
      For IKE_SA notifications, this field MUST be one (1). For
      notifications concerning IPsec SAs this field MUST contain
      either (2) to indicate AH or (3) to indicate ESP. For
      notifications which do not relate to an existing SA, this
      field MUST be sent as zero and MUST be ignored on receipt.
      All other values for this field are reserved to IANA for future
      assignment.

   o  SPI Size (1 octet) - Length in octets of the SPI as defined by
      the IPsec protocol ID or zero if no SPI is applicable.  For a
      notification concerning the IKE_SA, the SPI Size MUST be zero.

   o  Notify Message Type (2 octets) - Specifies the type of
      notification message.

   o  SPI (variable length) - Security Parameter Index.

   o  Notification Data (variable length) - Informational or error data
      transmitted in addition to the Notify Message Type. Values for
      this field are type specific (see below).

------------------------------------------------------------------------
----

The suggestion to put in the notify payload format is optional.  The
other suggestions I think are more relevant.

-- Maureen
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the IKEv2 Mobility and Multihoming Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: IKEv2 Mobility and Multihoming Protocol (MOBIKE)
	Author(s)	: P. Eronen
	Filename	: draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-04.txt
	Pages		: 30
	Date		: 2005-10-7
	
This document describes the MOBIKE protocol, a mobility and
   multihoming extension to Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2).  MOBIKE
   allows hosts to update the (outer) IP addresses associated with IKEv2
   and IPsec Security Associations.  A mobile VPN client could use
   MOBIKE to keep the connection with the VPN gateway active while
   moving from one address to another.  Similarly, a multihomed host
   could use MOBIKE to move the traffic to a different interface if, for
   instance, the one currently being used stops working.

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We are now starting the official Working Group Last Call
on the protocol document:

  http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-04.txt

The last call will end on Wednesday, October 19th, 2005*. If
you have not already started reading and verifying that the
specification is as you want it to be, please start doing so NOW.
This is your FINAL opportunity to comment on this protocol.

Jari & Paul

*) As announced earlier we are cutting the last call period a few
days short in order to give Pasi some time to edit and submit before
the October 24th I-D deadline. Note that since -04 revision consists
entirely of RFC Editor's copy editing changes, the technical content
has been available for review already since the publication of the -03
draft, and indeed we've already received a number of good review
comments. Keep the coming!

_______________________________________________
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This is our meeting slot in the current plan
(subject to change):

WEDNESDAY, November 9, 2005

1300-1500 Afternoon Session I
APP  geopriv    Geographic Location/Privacy WG
APP  sieve      Sieve Mail Filtering Language WG
INT  nemo       Network Mobility WG
INT  trill      Transparent Interconnection of Lots of Links WG
RTG  l1vpn      Layer 1 Virtual Private Networks WG
SEC  inch       Extended Incident Handling WG
SEC  mobike     IKEv2 Mobility and Multihoming WG
TSV  sipping    Session Initiation Protocol Investigation WG


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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Sat Oct 08 06:57:27 2005
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   We are now starting the official Working Group Last Call
   on the protocol document:
   
     http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-04.txt
   
=> is the delta between 03 and 04 available and small?

   The last call will end on Wednesday, October 19th, 2005*. If
   you have not already started reading and verifying that the
   specification is as you want it to be, please start doing so NOW.
   This is your FINAL opportunity to comment on this protocol.
   
=> it is not FINAL as the IESG and the IETF at large have other
opportunities...

Thanks

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Sat Oct 08 07:33:41 2005
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Francis Dupont wrote:

>=> is the delta between 03 and 04 available and small?
>  
>
Small and editorial as far as I can see. Here's the diff:

http://ietf.levkowetz.com/tools/rfcdiff/rfcdiff.pyht?url1=http://www.arkko.com/publications/mobike/draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-03.txt&url2=http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-04.txt

(The URL may be handy for other purposes too. Another
great tool from the tools team!)

>   The last call will end on Wednesday, October 19th, 2005*. If
>   you have not already started reading and verifying that the
>   specification is as you want it to be, please start doing so NOW.
>   This is your FINAL opportunity to comment on this protocol.
>   
>=> it is not FINAL as the IESG and the IETF at large have other
>opportunities...
>  
>
Well, its YOUR final chance in the WG :-) but then the AD,
IESG and the rest of the IETF still have their say, that's true...

--Jari

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on 2005-10-08 13:33 Jari Arkko said the following:
> Francis Dupont wrote:
> 
>>=> is the delta between 03 and 04 available and small?
>>  
>>
> Small and editorial as far as I can see. Here's the diff:
> 
> http://ietf.levkowetz.com/tools/rfcdiff/rfcdiff.pyht?url1=http://www.arkko.com/publications/mobike/draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-03.txt&url2=http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-04.txt
> 
> (The URL may be handy for other purposes too. Another
> great tool from the tools team!)

:-)

Diffs are also available from the draft status page on tools.ietf.org
as soon as a new version of a draft is available from the draft
repository; check out

  http://tools.ietf.org/wg/mobike/draft-ietf-mobike-protocol/

which has a diff between the -03 and -04 of this draft at 

  http://tools.ietf.org/wg/mobike/draft-ietf-mobike-protocol/draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-04-from-03.diff.html


Regards,

	Henrik
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Subject: [Mobike] FW: Tuomas Aura's review of draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-03
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>Comment 1:  
>
>As explained in the security considerations section 6.1, an
>attacker can spoof the source address of UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES and,
>thus, cause the responder to record the wrong address for the
>initiator. Essentially, the attacker behaves as a NAT for selected
>messages. I'd like to add the following observations: 
>
>- Mobike hosts are more vulnerable to this attack than non-Mobike
>hosts that are behind a NAT and use IKE NAT-T negotiation (e.g.,
>VPN clients at a home LAN). This is because a mobile host is more
>likely to visits untrusted access networks and to be exposed to
>attackers at its local link.
>
>- The sender-authentication of the address updates in Mobike is
>weaker than it is in other mobility protocols like Mobile IPv6 or
>HIP where the mobile's new address is included in the authenticated
>part of the location update. This may be surprising because Mobike
>uses the strong authentication provided by IKE.

Yes, this is because of support for NAT-T. If you do not want to
support NAT-T you will use NO_NATS_ALLOWED and that will provide
stronger authentication.

>- As a possible defense mechanism, the initiator local policy can
>be configured to send NO_NATS_ALLOWED if and only if the initiator
>address at the local link is private or link-local. This does not
>require any changes to the specification.

I assume you meant to say, that allow NAT-T only for private or
link-local addresses, and use NO_NATS_ALLOWED if initiator have global
routable ip-addresses?

>- As another defense mechanism, the responder could reject address
>updates where the initiator moves between two addresses on the same
>local link. This would prevent attacks by the most likely type of
>attacker that is on the same local link as the initiator and uses
>its own address as the spoofed source address. In IPv6, it is
>obvious which addresses are on the same local link. It should
>probably be the initiator that makes the decision about such a
>policy, in the same way as the initiator can decide whether to use
>NO_NAT_ALLOWED. In IPv4, the address mask would need to be
>communicated to the responder. I haven't considered the details.

The problem there is to know which one to reject. If you select wrong
one, you block all updates from the real client, not the attacker.
There is not really way to detect which one is correct client. If the
client is not behind NAT, then using NO_NAT_ALLOWED will fix the
situation, and tell the other end which updates to reject.

>Comment 2:  
>
>If the initiator does not support NAT traversal, is it required to
>send the NO_NATS_ALLOWED payload? Looks like this would make sense
>but I cannot find it anywhere in the spec. Or does it make sense
>for an initiator to behave otherwise.

-04 says that all if NAT-T is not enabled, then messages which can
update address MUST include NO_NATS_ALLOWED.

>Comment 3: 
>
>Does the SA recover from the attack of comment 1 if NAT traversal
>is not in use?

If NAT traverseal is not in use (i.e. disabled), then that situation
cannot happen, as NO_NAT_ALLOWED will be used, and they will block all
updates by the attacker.

>Consider an initiator and responder at least one of which does not
>support NAT traversal, or an initiator that sends NO_NATS_ALLOWED.
>The attacker is located on the route between the initiator and the
>responder, for example, at the initiator's local link. The attacker
>intercepts the UPDATE_IP_ADDRESS notification, modifies its source
>address to be the attacker's address, and forwards the packet to
>the responder.

Responder will reject that packet because the NO_NATS_ALLOWED contents
do not match, and it will return error UNEXPTECTED_NAT_DETECTED. No
update happens. 

> The attacker receives the response and forwards it
>to the initiator. That is, the attacker behaves like a NAT for this
>one address pair. The result is that the responder has records the
>wrong address for the initiator. Moreover, the result of the NAT
>traversal negotiation is that NAT traversal will not be used
>between these two end hosts. The attacker now stops interfering
>with packets and leaves the network. Can the SA recover?

As no changes to SA happened, there is nothing to recover from. 

>The security considerations section 6.1 refers to "IKEv2 and Mobile
>mechanisms designed to detect NAT mapping changes" as the recovery
>mechanism. But these mechanisms will not kick in after the above
>attack because NAT traversal is not in use. It looks like the SA
>won't recover from this attack. Or is there some other recovery
>mechanism that I have missed?

You either have NO_NATS_ALLOWED or NAT_DETECTION_*_IP payaloads in the
updates, so either it enables NAT-T on that attack, or disallows NAT,
thus that should take care of that attack. 

>Comment 4: 
>
>IPsec SAs are identified by the <destination IP address, SPI> pair.
>Normally, these identifiers are unique for inbound SAs destination
>host is responsible for allocating the SPIs and for outbound SAs
>because the destination address identifies a unique host. In
>Mobike, the latter is no longer true. That is, identifier
>collisions may occur for outbound SAs at the responder.

ESPv3 the IPsec SA is identified by the SPI alone for the unicast SAs.
There is no destination IP address threre anymore. Implementations are
allowed to use SPI and IPsec protocol type also.
(draft-ietf-ipsec-esp-v3-10.txt section 2.1).

>Consider the following example of an accidental collision: I1 and
>I2 are honest initiators that both have an SA with the same honest
>responder R. The outbound SAs from R happen, by change, to have the
>same SPI. (This is ok because the destination IP addresses differ.)

This is not ok with the mobike, as it requires IKEv2, which requires
RFC2401bis, which requires ESPv3...
-- 
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Tero,

> >Comment 4: 
> >
> >IPsec SAs are identified by the <destination IP address, SPI> pair.
> >Normally, these identifiers are unique for inbound SAs destination
> >host is responsible for allocating the SPIs and for outbound SAs
> >because the destination address identifies a unique host. In
> >Mobike, the latter is no longer true. That is, identifier
> >collisions may occur for outbound SAs at the responder.
> 
> ESPv3 the IPsec SA is identified by the SPI alone for the unicast SAs.
> There is no destination IP address threre anymore. Implementations are
> allowed to use SPI and IPsec protocol type also.
> (draft-ietf-ipsec-esp-v3-10.txt section 2.1).
> 
Yes, but that concerns inbound processing. Here we are talking about outbound
processing i thought.

> >Consider the following example of an accidental collision: I1 and
> >I2 are honest initiators that both have an SA with the same honest
> >responder R. The outbound SAs from R happen, by change, to have the
> >same SPI. (This is ok because the destination IP addresses differ.)
> 
> This is not ok with the mobike, as it requires IKEv2, which requires
> RFC2401bis, which requires ESPv3...
>
Are you saying that this problem cannot happen ? The I1 and I2 are two
different hosts and they *can* choose the same SPI. When R is sending
packets to I1 or I2, it does not use the SPI for lookup. It uses the selectors
from the packet to lookup the SA. The selectors are unique (they are still I1
plus whatever the policy requires) even after I1 moves to A2. But this leads
to two SAs with the same SPI. This should not cause any problem (in theory)
because you never lookup this SA directly. You always lookup the SPD which
points to the SA. But there are implementations (e.g. Linux) where this can cause
problems if you update an SA that will result in the same values (dest address, SPI,
protocol) as another SA. So, can you clarify ?

-mohan

> -- 
> kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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Subject: [Mobike] SPI collision Re: FW: Tuomas Aura's review
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Mohan Parthasarathy writes:
> Tero,
> 
> > >Comment 4: 
> > >
> > >IPsec SAs are identified by the <destination IP address, SPI> pair.
> > >Normally, these identifiers are unique for inbound SAs destination
> > >host is responsible for allocating the SPIs and for outbound SAs
> > >because the destination address identifies a unique host. In
> > >Mobike, the latter is no longer true. That is, identifier
> > >collisions may occur for outbound SAs at the responder.
> > 
> > ESPv3 the IPsec SA is identified by the SPI alone for the unicast SAs.
> > There is no destination IP address threre anymore. Implementations are
> > allowed to use SPI and IPsec protocol type also.
> > (draft-ietf-ipsec-esp-v3-10.txt section 2.1).
> > 
> Yes, but that concerns inbound processing. Here we are talking about outbound
> processing i thought.

Ups, I seem to have read the question too quickly.

> Are you saying that this problem cannot happen ? The I1 and I2 are
> two different hosts and they *can* choose the same SPI. When R is
> sending packets to I1 or I2, it does not use the SPI for lookup. It
> uses the selectors from the packet to lookup the SA. The selectors
> are unique (they are still I1 plus whatever the policy requires)
> even after I1 moves to A2. But this leads to two SAs with the same
> SPI.

Same outbond SPI, so that is not a problem.

> This should not cause any problem (in theory) because you never
> lookup this SA directly. You always lookup the SPD which points to
> the SA. But there are implementations (e.g. Linux) where this can
> cause problems if you update an SA that will result in the same
> values (dest address, SPI, protocol) as another SA. So, can you
> clarify ?

When you are sending packets outbound you do lookup from SPD-S based
on the selectors (I1 or I2) and you get SA based on that. Then in the
SA there is the SPI and destination IP to be used for the other end.
Then you simply make tunnel encapsulation and send the packet along. I
do not really see what is the problem there?

So we have case where we have I1 and I2 using addresses A1 and A2
talking to the R and both have selected same SPI for the IPsec SA. Now
if I2 disappears i.e. does not send IKE SA delete to destroy the IKE
SA and the IPsec SA. If the I1 happens to get the same IP-address A2
in the local link, and sends UPDATE_IP_ADDRESSES to the R, we can have
that situation. Note, that this I1 must get A2 before DPD notices that
I2 is dead to this happen. As R uses selectors I1 and I2 to search
from the SPD-S and the SPD-S will then point to the SA, there should
be no problem for the R to send packets out.

The I1 will discard those packets R sends which have keying material
for the I2, and after a while R will start DPD for the I2 IKE SA and
delete it as it does not see any traffic for it.

When finding the SA based on the selectors we match those selectors
against SPD-S, which have the exact selectors based on the SPD and the
PFP flags (populate from packet), so there should not be problem even
when they are using same PFP SPD rule.

The case where we have multiple IKE SAs with the same IP address is
already happening without MOBIKE, in case of NAT-T.

The 4.4.2 of the RFC2401bis says:
...
   For outbound processing, each SAD entry is pointed to by entries
   in the SPD-S part of the SPD cache.
...

The section 4.4.1 describes the SPD-S:
...
       - SPD-S: For traffic that is to be protected using IPsec, the
         entry consists of the values of the selectors that apply to the
         traffic to be protected via AH or ESP, controls on how to
         create SAs based on these selectors, and the parameters needed
         to effect this protection (e.g., algorithms, modes, etc.). Note
         that an SPD-S entry also contains information such as "populate
         from packet" (PFP) flag (see paragraphs below on "How To Derive
         the Values for an SAD entry") and bits indicating whether the
         SA lookup makes use of the local and remote IP addresses in
         addition to the SPI (see AH [Ken05b] or ESP [Ken05a]
         specifications).
...

Does that (correctly) answer the (correct) question?
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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 > 
> > So we have case where we have I1 and I2 using
> addresses A1 and A2
> talking to the R and both have selected same SPI for
> the IPsec SA. Now
> if I2 disappears i.e. does not send IKE SA delete to
> destroy the IKE
> SA and the IPsec SA. If the I1 happens to get the
> same IP-address A2
> in the local link, and sends UPDATE_IP_ADDRESSES to
> the R, we can have
> that situation. Note, that this I1 must get A2
> before DPD notices that
> I2 is dead to this happen. As R uses selectors I1
> and I2 to search
> from the SPD-S and the SPD-S will then point to the
> SA, there should
> be no problem for the R to send packets out.
> 
Yes, this is the case. Now, when R receives the
UPDATE_IP_ADDRESSES, it need to update the information
in SA about where the packets should be tunneled out.
How do you locate the SA to update its peer address ?
If you locate the SA based on peer SPI, destination
address and protocol (it does not matter how the peer
chose the SPI i.e it can be unique for the whole
system etc.), some implementation might have wrongly
assumed that it will be unique. As you point out
below, it does not work for NAT-T. So, you need a
different way to lookup the SA. I am merely *guessing*
that the original question was based on this. 

> The I1 will discard those packets R sends which have
> keying material
> for the I2, and after a while R will start DPD for
> the I2 IKE SA and
> delete it as it does not see any traffic for it.
> 
Yes, this is not an issue.
> When finding the SA based on the selectors we match
> those selectors
> against SPD-S, which have the exact selectors based
> on the SPD and the
> PFP flags (populate from packet), so there should
> not be problem even
> when they are using same PFP SPD rule.
> 
> The case where we have multiple IKE SAs with the
> same IP address is
> already happening without MOBIKE, in case of NAT-T.
> 
Agreed. This happens when there are two hosts (I1 and
I2) behind the SAME NAT establishing the SA with a
responder (R). If I1 and I2 picks the same SPI, then
the destination address (public address), SPI and
protocol as seen by the responder R will not be
unique.


> The 4.4.2 of the RFC2401bis says:
> ...
>    For outbound processing, each SAD entry is
> pointed to by entries
>    in the SPD-S part of the SPD cache.
> ...
> 
> The section 4.4.1 describes the SPD-S:
> ...
>        - SPD-S: For traffic that is to be protected
> using IPsec, the
>          entry consists of the values of the
> selectors that apply to the
>          traffic to be protected via AH or ESP,
> controls on how to
>          create SAs based on these selectors, and
> the parameters needed
>          to effect this protection (e.g.,
> algorithms, modes, etc.). Note
>          that an SPD-S entry also contains
> information such as "populate
>          from packet" (PFP) flag (see paragraphs
> below on "How To Derive
>          the Values for an SAD entry") and bits
> indicating whether the
>          SA lookup makes use of the local and remote
> IP addresses in
>          addition to the SPI (see AH [Ken05b] or ESP
> [Ken05a]
>          specifications).
> ...
> 
> Does that (correctly) answer the (correct) question
?

Yes.

-mohan

> -- 
> kivinen@safenet-inc.com
> 

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Pete McCann's review was posted to the list, but
hit the non-subscriber filter. Thanks Pete for the
review! Forwarding contents:

Pete McCann wrote:

>Overall this draft is in good shape and it looks almost done.  I have
>only one technical comment and the rest are editorial.
>  
>
and attachment:

Section 1 Introduction

   For
   instance, a user could start from fixed Ethernet in the office, and
   then disconnect the laptop and move to office wireless LAN. 
SHOULD BE:
   For
   instance, a user could start from fixed Ethernet in the office and
   then disconnect the laptop and move to the office's wireless LAN. 

   When
   leaving the office the laptop could start using GPRS, and switch to a
   different wireless LAN when the user arrives home.
SHOULD BE:
   When
   leaving the office, the laptop could start using GPRS.  When the
   user arrives home, the laptop could switch to a
   home wireless LAN.

   MOBIKE updates
   only the outer (tunnel header) addresses of IPsec SAs, and the
   addresses and others traffic selectors used inside the tunnel stay
   unchanged. 
SHOULD BE:
   MOBIKE updates
   only the outer (tunnel header) addresses of IPsec SAs, and the
   addresses and other traffic selectors used inside the tunnel stay
   unchanged. 


Section 2 Terminology and Notation

   In some cases, the diagrams also show what
   payloads defined in [IKEv2] would be typically included in, for
   instance, the IKE_AUTH exchange. 
SHOULD BE:
   To provide context, some diagrams also show the existing
   IKEv2 payloads in existing exchanges: for example, the IKE_AUTH
   exchange contains an encrypted AUTH payload.

Throughout the document: don't use references like ``[IKEv2]'' as nouns in
the sentence.  A reference should augment the existing text [like so],
not serve as a subject or object.


Section 3.1  Basic Operation

   First, the parties have may preferences about which
   interface should be used, due to performance and cost reasons, for
   instance.
SHOULD BE:
   First, the parties may have preferences about which interface
   should be used due to performance and/or cost differences.

   (the "client" in remote access VPN scenario)
SHOULD BE:
   (the "client" in a remote access VPN scenario)

   is responsible for deciding which address pair is used for
   the IPsec SAs, and collecting the information
SHOULD BE:
   is responsible for deciding which address pair is used for
   the IPsec SAs and for collecting the information

   (the "gateway" in remote access VPN scenario)
SHOULD BE:
   (the "gateway" in a remote access VPN scenario)

   simply tells the initiator what addresses it has, but does not update
SHOULD BE:
   simply tells the initiator what addresses it has but does not update

   and when a decision needs to be
   changed, are largely beyond the scope of MOBIKE.
SHOULD BE:
   and when a decision needs to be
   changed are largely beyond the scope of MOBIKE.

   For
   instance, link layer and IP layer mechanisms can be used to track the
   status of connectivity within the local link [RFC2461], movement
   detection is being specified in for both IPv4 and IPv6 [DNA4] [DNA6],
   and so on.
SHOULD BE:
   For
   instance, link layer and IP layer mechanisms can be used to track the
   status of connectivity within the local link [RFC2461], movement
   detection is being specified for both IPv4 and IPv6 [DNA4] [DNA6],
   and so on.



Section 3.2 Example Protocol Runs

   (Initiator gets information from lower layers that its attachment
   point and address has changed.)
SHOULD BE:
   (Initiator gets information from lower layers that its attachment
   point and address have changed.)

   In step 3, the initiator
   notices a change in its own address, and informs the responder about
   this.  At this point, it also starts to use the new address as a
   source address in its own outgoing ESP traffic.  The responder
   records the new address, and if so required by policy, performs a
   return routability check of the address.  When this check completes,
   the responder starts to use the new address as the destination for
   its outgoing ESP traffic.
Perhaps add some verbiage here about the essential mechanism used to
update the SA.  It isn't quite clear how this happens to the un-initated
reader.  Something like the following might help:
   In step 3, the initiator notices a change in its own address, and
   informs the responder about this by sending the UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES
   payload within an IKEv2 packet that uses the new IP address pair
   but that has the same initiator and responder SPIs.  At this point,
   the initiator also starts to use the new address as a source
   address in its own outgoing ESP traffic.  Upon receiving and
   validating the integrity of the UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES payload, the
   responder records the new address from the header of the containing
   packet, and if so required by policy, performs a return routability
   check of the address in step 4.  When this check completes, the
   responder starts to use the new address as the destination for its
   outgoing ESP traffic.

   Another protocol run in multihoming scenario is illustrated below.
SHOULD BE:
   Another protocol run in a multihoming scenario is illustrated below.


Section 4.7  Changes in NAT Mappings

  have changed (for example, if the keepalive internal is too long, or
SHOULD BE:
  have changed (for example, if the keepalive interval is too long, or


Section 6 Security Considerations

   The main goals of this specification are to not reduce the security
   offered by usual IKEv2 procedures and to counter mobility related
   threats in an appropriate manner. 
SHOULD BE:
   The main goals of this specification are to maintain the security
   offered by usual IKEv2 procedures and to counter mobility related
   threats in an appropriate manner while allowing updates to the
   IP addresses of the IKE_SA and CHILD_SAs. 

   See [IKEv2] for
   security considerations for IKEv2 in general.
SHOULD BE:
   See IKEv2 [IKEv2] for
   security considerations for IKEv2 in general.


Section 6.1  Traffic Redirection and Hijacking

   However, just like with normal IKEv2,
SHOULD BE:
   However, as with normal IKEv2,


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Mohan Parthasarathy writes:
> Yes, this is the case. Now, when R receives the
> UPDATE_IP_ADDRESSES, it need to update the information
> in SA about where the packets should be tunneled out.
> How do you locate the SA to update its peer address ?

The UPDATE_IP_ADDRESSES is IKE SA operation, that is done on the IKE
SA, and each IPsec SA is tied to the IKE SA, thus all IPsec SAs
affected can be found by finding the IPsec SAs created by this IKE SA
(similarly what you do when the IKE SA is deleted, and you need to
find all IPsec SAs created by IKE SA so you can delete them). 
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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1)

In section 3.2. the second example should probably clarify that the
exchange in step 3 is successful, i.e. the responder do respond to
that in this example protocol run (as can be seen from the return
packet sent by the responder, but the text below it gives feeling that
it failed ("initiator gives up")).

Perhaps there should also be example where that exchange is not
successful.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
2)

In section 4.2 we should always take the IP-addresses from the
IKE_AUTH request, as there might be multiple IKE_SA_INIT request, and
some of those might not create state at all (cookie,
invalid_ke_payload). I think it would be simplier to say that the
IP-addresses are always taken from the IP header of the IKE_AUTH
packet having SA payload (regardless of the NAT-T or no NAT-T).

In normal IKEv2 this does not matter, as if no NAT-T is used then the IP
address must stay same, and if NAT-T is used then we take the last
packet seen and use the IP-addresses from there. In Mobike we do need
to define the exact time what IP-address is used, and I think the
packet having the ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESSES would be the most logical
choise (i.e. the IKE_AUTH packet having the SA payload).
----------------------------------------------------------------------
3)

I think that section 4.5 should clarify you use either
ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESSES or NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES, not both (but you
always have either exactly one NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES or one or more
ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESSES), and also explain more when to use
NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES.

The actual usage of the NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES is not really
explained anywhere (though it is quite obvious from the name if people
understand that the ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESSES are only used for the
ADDITIONAL addresses beside the ones in the IP header of the exchange
packet). Actually, I think even that text is missing, i.e. text saying
that the ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESSES are used in addition to the IP address
of the current exchange packet.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
4)

The last sentence in the section 4.5 should say

	Similarly, a simple "VPN gateway" that has only a single
	address, and is not going to change it, does not need to send
	or process ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.

It needs to understand them so much it can ignore them.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
5)

In section 4.6 the paragraph:

   Any INFORMATIONAL exchange can be used for return routability
   purposes, with one exception: when a valid response is received, we
   know the other party can receive packets at the claimed address.

should probably tell what is the one exception... Or more exactly what
that paragraph is trying to tell us?
----------------------------------------------------------------------
6)

Perhaps the section 4.7 should also mention that DPD packets can also
include UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES in case the initiator suspects that the
NAT mapping has changed, and that will save one round trip.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
7)

The section 4.8 says that NO_NATS_ALLOWED should be put to the
IKE_SA_INIT (among other things), but we do want to keep IKE_SA_INIT
as small as possible, so I think IKE_AUTH is much better place for
that notify. That would also be in sync with my proposed change to the
4.2 where I proposed to say that use the IKE_AUTH packet having SA
payload to get the IP address tobe used. NO_NATS_ALLOWED is not needed
in the IKE_SA_INIT like NAT_DETECTION_*_IP notifies are, as they do
not cause changing of the port numbers for the IKE_AUTH.

Also moving that NOFITY to the encrypted IKE_AUTH packet will prevent
passive attackers of getting the information about the IP addresses
and ports used in case host behind NAT is configured to try first with
NO_NATS_ALLOWED before falling back and enabling NAT-T. It will also
make the attacker acting as a NAT between two hosts bit harder, as if
it is sent inside the IKE_SA_INIT, attacker can simply flip a bit
inside the NO_NATS_ALLOWED payload to cause DoS, otherwise he need to
flip bit in the IP-address or ports, which requires it to catch the
return packet and forward it to the original requestor to cause
attack. It is not much, but offers again a bit more protection against
attacks.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
8)

Perhaps the section 5.1 should say "There is no data associated with
this Notify type, and the when processing Notify received from the
other end the notify data MUST be ignored." Then we can later add some
data there and old version will ignore it. That will allow us
possibility to extend this payload later. With the current text
implementations can simply fail the whole IKE SA negotiation if there
is data in the this notify. (or if you consider this to be too close
to the already covered no-version-numbers case, then feel free to
ignore this comment).
----------------------------------------------------------------------
9)

I agree with the previous proposal that we should split those notifies
to error and status notifies, and have separate section for each of
those.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
10)

The section 5.7 of the NO_NATS_ALLOWED could have a bit more text
explaining the exact data put in, i.e. something like

	  Data = src-ip (4 or 16 bytes) | src-port (2 bytes) |
	         dst-ip (4 or 16 bytes) | dst-port (2 bytes)

	All data is stored in the network byte order without any
	padding. The lenght of the data is 12 bytes for IPv4, and 36
	bytes for the IPv6.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
11)

The section 6.1 should probably also mention that NO_NATS_ALLOWED
might be used with IPv6 in general, where NATs are not (yet) used.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
12)

The section 6.5 should mention that those information is generally
available only for the other peer, not to the passive listeners (it is
encrypted). There is two (or one if we move the NO_NATS_ALLOWED)
exceptions to the rule: NAT_DETECTION_*_IP packets of the IKE_SA_INIT
and the NO_NATS_ALLOWED (if sent inside the IKE_SA_INIT). Those
payloads having IP-address information is sent in clear.
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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I'm forwarding Marcelo's review of the MOBIKE protocol
draft -04. Thank you very much for the review, Marcelo!

Folks, please see his comments below:

------

Below you can find the review of the draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-04.txt 
that you requested.

Please note that i have not been following the work of mobike neither 
the comments received in the last call, so probably some of these 
comments may have been raised before or may simple be the consequence of 
the lack of in-depth understanding of the protocol design.

First of all, i think that the document is in very good shape, and it 
covers all the aspects that i needed to follow it.
In addition, i have the following comments/questions:

1. I think that in the Introduction, a comment about what is the 
difference between mobike and what can be achieved with MIP is. I mean, 
after reading the spec, the difference is clear, but stating it in the 
introduction would make things easier to understand, especially since 
the mobility scenario is described there. In particular, stating the it 
is not a goal of mobike to make changes in the IP address transparent to 
the upper layers (as stated in the charter for instance) would be useful.

2. As i understand it, as currently defined, mobike does not supports 
multiple address pairs simultaneously in a given SA, right? Moreover, as 
i read it, all the IPSec SAs created with the same IKE SA have the same 
address pair right? If any of these are so, IMHO this should be 
explicitly noted in the document, since it would imho have two immediate 
consequences:
2.1 No load sharing, load balancing, traffic engineering or 
policing/preference setting would be supported, like distributing 
different traffics through different address pairs/links, which should 
be noted imho
2.2 No unidirectional paths are supported i.e. if a address pair is 
working in one direction and another address pair is working in the 
other direction, this cannot work, which should be noted explicitly too 
in the spec imho.

3. The previous point brings me to this point, which is about ingress 
filtering compatibility. There is no mention to ingress filtering 
comaptibility here. As you know, when multiple addresses are available, 
packets may be dropped by incompatibility between ingress filters and 
the selected source address. This document does not considers this as a 
problem. Becuase of ingress filters, many unidirectional paths may 
result (packets are dropped when flowing in one direction). However, as 
i understand it, mobike does not supports unidirectional paths (since 
the same address pair is used in both directions). So, my point is that 
in a case where no ingress filtering compatibility mechanism is provided 
and because no unidirectional paths are supported, the mobike protocol 
is likely to perform poorly in this scenario. I guess that at least you 
should mention this, if not fix it.

4. Establishment of the initial IKE session. No reference is made about 
how the initial contact between the two parties is made. I mean, in case 
that both have multiple addresses, and that some of them are not 
working, the initial contact may not be trivial. Maybe this is out of 
the scope of mobike, but current specs don't support this scenario, so 
maybe it would be worth noting it.

5. In the document, it seems that an important design choice that was 
made was that (section 3.1)

   MOBIKE solves this problem by taking a simple approach: the party
   that initiated the IKE_SA (the "client" in a remote access VPN
   scenario) is responsible for deciding which address pair is used for
   the IPsec SAs, and for collecting the information it needs to make
   this decision (such as determining which address pairs work or do not
   work).  The other party (the "gateway" in a remote access VPN
   scenario) simply tells the initiator what addresses it has, but does
   not update the IPsec SAs until it receives a message from the
   initiator to do so.

Now what i would like to understand is what parts of the mobike protocol 
would not support the more general scenario, where both parties can 
change the address pair used for the communication.

As i see it, this was a constraint to simplify the protocol to a case 
like the VPN which was useful. My question at this point is how much of 
the resulting protocol actually relies on this constraint?
As i read it, this resulted in the following constraints:
- Tunnel mode only is supported
- Only the initiator can be behind a nat
- no simultaneous movement is supported

Now, i can see that supporting those may increase the complexity of the 
protocol
However, in addition, it seems that the protocol artificially imposes that
- failure detection, path exploration and path selection can only be 
performed by the initiator (client)
- it includes a couple of corner cases where the responder can change 
its address for dealing with specific cases.
Wouldn't it be simpler to define a symmetric operation of the protocol 
(without corner cases) and simply stating the three constraints above? 
Or are there other constraints imposed by this model that i am missing?

Next, some more text-specific comments:

6. In section 3.2. it would make clearer to me if the messages and 
extensions introduced by mobike (i.e. the actual mobike protocol) where 
highlighted somehow in the examples (so that it can be distinguished 
from general IKE exchange)

7. In section 3.3 it is stated that:

   For simplicity, MOBIKE does not attempt to handle all possible NAT-
   related scenarios.  Instead, MOBIKE assumes that if NATs are present,
   the initiator is the party "behind" the NAT, and does not fully
   support the case where the responder's addresses change.

But later on, in section 4.3. it is stated that

   Note that if some of the initiator's interfaces are behind a NAT
   (from the responder's point of view), the addresses received by the
   responder will be incorrect.  This means the procedure for changing
   responder addresses described in Section 4.5 does not fully work when
   the initiator is behind a NAT.  For the same reason, the peers also
   SHOULD NOT use this information for any other purposes than what is
   explicitly described in this document.

So from the first paragraph it seems that the configuration where the 
initiator is behind a nat is supported, while in the second paragraph 
seems that it isn't. This is quite confusing to me...

8. I think that many other constraints should be listed in the 
Limitations section 3.4

For instance, that the protocol doesn't fully supports the case that the 
responder is behind the nat (i know it is mentioned before, but this is 
a limitation too)
That no simultaneous movement is supported
That no unidirectional paths are supported. (and that in presece of 
ingress filtering this may imply that the protocol will perform poorly)
That only local failures are repaired (and that other more distant 
failures may not be repaired by the protocol)
That a single address pair is supported in all the SAs created through a 
single IKE_SA
That the protocol may not be able to establish a communication if a 
failure has occurred before initial contact

9. In section 4.4 i think that the Dead Path Detection indication should 
be mentioned as one of the events that should lead to an address change 
(perhaps a reference to section 4.9 would be useful too) along with


   o  An IKEv2 request has been re-transmitted several times, but no
      valid reply has been received.  This suggests the current path is
      no longer working.

   o  An INFORMATIONAL request containing ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS
      notifications is received.  This means the peer's addresses may
      have changed.

   o  An UNACCEPTABLE_ADDRESSES notification is received as a response
      to address update request (described below).

   o  The initiator receives a NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP notification
      that does not match the previous UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES response (see
      Section 4.7 for a more detailed description).

(included just to point out which part of the doc i was talking about)

10. In section 4.4, it is stated that:

  o  It updates the IPsec SAs associated with this IKE_SA with the new
      addresses (unless this was already done before sending the
      request).

As i understand it, the reason for updating the addresses here is 
because the reply plays the role of a return routability check, right?
It would make sense to state so, for instance adding something like

  o  It updates the IPsec SAs associated with this IKE_SA with the new
      addresses (unless this was already done before sending the
      request i.e. no return routability check was required, see 4.6).

11. In section 4.5. the NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification is 
presented. As i understand it, this is the only way to delete addresses 
from the address set, right?
This is kind of twisted, i think. I mean, if a node wants to delete one 
address because is no longer available it, must:
- delete all the addresses using a NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification 
message
- add other addresses with a ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification
is this so?
If yes, i think this should be clearly stated imho (at least that the 
NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification serves to delete addresses)

12. In section 4.6 it is stated that:

   By default, the return routability check SHOULD be done before
   updating the IPsec SAs.  In environments where the peer is expected
   to be well-behaved (many corporate VPNs, for instance), or the
   address can be verified by some other means (e.g., the address is
   included in the peer's certificate), the return routability check MAY
   be omitted or postponed until after the IPsec SAs have been updated.

I am not sure that the example of the certificate is a good example... 
what if the certificate is self signed? (i don't know if those are 
supported) but in any case, i don't know how simple is that certificates 
can prove address ownership (this depends of the checks performed by the 
CA about address ownership)

13. Later on, in this section 6.3 it is stated that:

   It should also be noted, as shown in [Bombing], that without ingress
   filtering in the attacker's network, such attacks are already
   possible simply by sending spoofed packets from the attacker to the
   victim directly.

But the whole point of this attack is to achieve amplification, right? I 
mean, the story that an attacker using a 56kbps starts a download from a 
heavy server and the redirects it towards a victim flooding it. The 
point is that the attacker could only send 56kbps, while in this attack, 
it could redirect the whole server flow through the victim. So, i don't 
agree with this comment i would suggest to remove it.

14. In section 6.4 it is stated that:

   Attackers may spoof various indications from lower layers and the
   network in an effort to confuse the peers about which addresses are
   or are not working.  For example, attackers may spoof link-layer
   error messages in an effort to cause the parties to move their
   traffic elsewhere or even to disconnect.  Attackers may also spoof
   information related to network attachments, router discovery, and
   address assignments in an effort to make the parties believe they
   have Internet connectivity when, in reality, they do not.

   This may cause use of non-preferred addresses or even denial-of-
   service.

As i understand this, all non verifiable indications should be used 
merely as hints. When such a hint is received, the node should perform a 
Dead Peer Detection, verifying securely, that the path is no longer 
working.

I don't see that these attacks could actually cause dos attacks, but 
just added DPD traffic.

Well, i hope you find some of this stuff useful,

_______________________________________________
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Subject: [Mobike]  FW: Marcelo's review of mobike protocol
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Jari Arkko writes:
> 2. As i understand it, as currently defined, mobike does not supports 
> multiple address pairs simultaneously in a given SA, right? Moreover, as 
> i read it, all the IPSec SAs created with the same IKE SA have the same 
> address pair right? If any of these are so, IMHO this should be 
> explicitly noted in the document, since it would imho have two immediate 
> consequences:
> 2.1 No load sharing, load balancing, traffic engineering or 
> policing/preference setting would be supported, like distributing 
> different traffics through different address pairs/links, which should 
> be noted imho
> 2.2 No unidirectional paths are supported i.e. if a address pair is 
> working in one direction and another address pair is working in the 
> other direction, this cannot work, which should be noted explicitly too 
> in the spec imho.

Most of those things should be covered by the design document, but
short mention in the introduction could be good thing. 

> 3. The previous point brings me to this point, which is about ingress 
> filtering compatibility. There is no mention to ingress filtering 
> comaptibility here. As you know, when multiple addresses are available, 
> packets may be dropped by incompatibility between ingress filters and 
> the selected source address. This document does not considers this as a 
> problem. Becuase of ingress filters, many unidirectional paths may 
> result (packets are dropped when flowing in one direction). However, as 
> i understand it, mobike does not supports unidirectional paths (since 
> the same address pair is used in both directions). So, my point is that 
> in a case where no ingress filtering compatibility mechanism is provided 
> and because no unidirectional paths are supported, the mobike protocol 
> is likely to perform poorly in this scenario. I guess that at least you 
> should mention this, if not fix it.

There should not be problems with the ingress filters, as we always
use the source address associated to the given interface when sending
packets out. I.e. if we have two interfaces A and B, having IPa and
IPb,  when we send packets out using IPa we always select interface A.
The network connected to the interface should allow IPa to pass
through it as it is IP address given by the network to the host for
that interface. Implementations might need to do specific things to
bypass routing of those packets (using default route or similar) to
make use they are really sent out from the host using proper
interface. 

> 4. Establishment of the initial IKE session. No reference is made about 
> how the initial contact between the two parties is made. I mean, in case 
> that both have multiple addresses, and that some of them are not 
> working, the initial contact may not be trivial. Maybe this is out of 
> the scope of mobike, but current specs don't support this scenario, so 
> maybe it would be worth noting it.

I think the assumption is that the initiator knows the IP address (or
IP-addresses) of the other peer before the connection is even
initiated, thus MOBIKE will simply try the different addresses trying
to find working one.

> 
> 5. In the document, it seems that an important design choice that was 
> made was that (section 3.1)
... [about the initiator selects approach]

That discussion about why that approach was selected and what it
causes does not belong to the protocol document. It should be
something that is in the design document. 

> 11. In section 4.5. the NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification is 
> presented. As i understand it, this is the only way to delete addresses 
> from the address set, right?
> This is kind of twisted, i think. I mean, if a node wants to delete one 
> address because is no longer available it, must:
> - delete all the addresses using a NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification 
> message
> - add other addresses with a ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification
> is this so?
> If yes, i think this should be clearly stated imho (at least that the 
> NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification serves to delete addresses)

No, I have not understood that section that way. I assumed that the
new list of addresses (ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES) always overwrites the
whole previous list. I.e. it is not incremental update, but it is full
list every time. In some cases where you have only one IP-address, the
ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notify would not be there, and you need to have
some way to tell that there is no other addresses than the one that is
used in the IP-headers of this packet. 

> 12. In section 4.6 it is stated that:
> 
>    By default, the return routability check SHOULD be done before
>    updating the IPsec SAs.  In environments where the peer is expected
>    to be well-behaved (many corporate VPNs, for instance), or the
>    address can be verified by some other means (e.g., the address is
>    included in the peer's certificate), the return routability check MAY
>    be omitted or postponed until after the IPsec SAs have been updated.
> 
> I am not sure that the example of the certificate is a good example... 
> what if the certificate is self signed? (i don't know if those are 
> supported) but in any case, i don't know how simple is that certificates 
> can prove address ownership (this depends of the checks performed by the 
> CA about address ownership)

If the certificate is self signed, and it is trusted by the recipient
there is no problem. The basic idea is that in the VPN case where
multiple sites are connected together with VPN gateways each having
one or two addresses, each VPN gateway can have certificate which
lists the IP-addresses they have. The VPN gateways are not going to
get new address on the fly, thus they can use IP-addresses from the
certificates. Also the most common case of road warrior will probably
be that the gateway is authenticated with certificate and the client
is authenticated with some EAP method. In that case it would be
useless for clients to do return routability to the server's second
address, when the first address happen to go down. 
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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El 13/10/2005, a las 14:27, Tero Kivinen escribi=F3:

> Jari Arkko writes:
>> 2. As i understand it, as currently defined, mobike does not supports
>> multiple address pairs simultaneously in a given SA, right? Moreover, =

>> as
>> i read it, all the IPSec SAs created with the same IKE SA have the =

>> same
>> address pair right? If any of these are so, IMHO this should be
>> explicitly noted in the document, since it would imho have two =

>> immediate
>> consequences:
>> 2.1 No load sharing, load balancing, traffic engineering or
>> policing/preference setting would be supported, like distributing
>> different traffics through different address pairs/links, which should
>> be noted imho
>> 2.2 No unidirectional paths are supported i.e. if a address pair is
>> working in one direction and another address pair is working in the
>> other direction, this cannot work, which should be noted explicitly =

>> too
>> in the spec imho.
>
> Most of those things should be covered by the design document, but
> short mention in the introduction could be good thing.
>
>> 3. The previous point brings me to this point, which is about ingress
>> filtering compatibility. There is no mention to ingress filtering
>> comaptibility here. As you know, when multiple addresses are =

>> available,
>> packets may be dropped by incompatibility between ingress filters and
>> the selected source address. This document does not considers this as =

>> a
>> problem. Becuase of ingress filters, many unidirectional paths may
>> result (packets are dropped when flowing in one direction). However, =

>> as
>> i understand it, mobike does not supports unidirectional paths (since
>> the same address pair is used in both directions). So, my point is =

>> that
>> in a case where no ingress filtering compatibility mechanism is =

>> provided
>> and because no unidirectional paths are supported, the mobike protocol
>> is likely to perform poorly in this scenario. I guess that at least =

>> you
>> should mention this, if not fix it.
>
> There should not be problems with the ingress filters, as we always
> use the source address associated to the given interface when sending
> packets out. I.e. if we have two interfaces A and B, having IPa and
> IPb,  when we send packets out using IPa we always select interface A.
> The network connected to the interface should allow IPa to pass
> through it as it is IP address given by the network to the host for
> that interface. Implementations might need to do specific things to
> bypass routing of those packets (using default route or similar) to
> make use they are really sent out from the host using proper
> interface.
>

yes in this case there shouldn't be problems with ingress filters. =

However, as i understand it, it is expected that a common multihoming =

scenario is that multiple PA address blocks are assigned to a =

multihomed site (one per isp serving the site), so that there will be =

multiple global addresses assigned to each interface connected to the =

multihomed site.
In this case, selecting the egress interface doesn't help you selecting =

among the multiple addresses assigned to that interface.
However, you still may have problem with ingress filters because each =

address has been assigned by a different ISP, implying that if ingress =

filters are in place, each isp will only route those packets that =

contain the prefix delegated by the particular isp in the source =

address of the packet. hence, we may have ingress filters =

incompatibility issues, so unidirectional paths may be quite frequent =

if no ingress filters compatibility mechanisms are in place (for more =

about this check draft-huitema-shim6-ingress-filtering-00.txt


>> 4. Establishment of the initial IKE session. No reference is made =

>> about
>> how the initial contact between the two parties is made. I mean, in =

>> case
>> that both have multiple addresses, and that some of them are not
>> working, the initial contact may not be trivial. Maybe this is out of
>> the scope of mobike, but current specs don't support this scenario, so
>> maybe it would be worth noting it.
>
> I think the assumption is that the initiator knows the IP address (or
> IP-addresses) of the other peer before the connection is even
> initiated, thus MOBIKE will simply try the different addresses trying
> to find working one.
>

i guess that this at least needs to be specified i.e. that mobike will =

try with different addresses.... question: is mobike going to retry =

using only different destination addresses or it will also try with =

different source addresses? i guess it makes sense to try with =

different source addresses as well, in particular, with all the =

possible combinations src and dst addresses available.
However, while it may be quite common that a node retires with =

different dest addresses (hey, rfc3484 says that a node SHOULD do it) =

currently, it is not usual AFAIK retrials with different source =

addresses, hence why mobike should explicitly mention it if you want =

this imho

>>
>> 5. In the document, it seems that an important design choice that was
>> made was that (section 3.1)
> ... [about the initiator selects approach]
>
> That discussion about why that approach was selected and what it
> causes does not belong to the protocol document. It should be
> something that is in the design document.
>

right
however, my intention was somehow different than the rationale for this =

choice is included in the doc.

my point was that:
- as i understand it, when designing the protocol, the wg decided to =

assume this asymetrical roles, where the initiator is kind of =

responsible for selecting addresses and so on.
- based on this choice, the protocol was designed.
- now, once that protocol is ready, the assumption is still there.

My point was to identify how this asumption really affects the =

resulting protocol and see if it is still needed.

As i see it, the protocol is quite symetrical and there only a few =

corner cases where this assumption is needed. In particular, for
- simultaneous movement
- responder behind a nat.

OTOH, there are a couple of special cases described in the protocol, in =

order to allow the responder to change addresses to deal with some =

situations.

So my question is:
wouldn't it be easier/simpler to define a symetrical protocol stating =

that simultaneous movement and both aprties behind nat situations are =

not supported.
If this can be done, the protocol would be more general and there =

wouldn't be needed those special situations where one of the parties =

need to do special operations (responder changing addresses)

>> 11. In section 4.5. the NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification is
>> presented. As i understand it, this is the only way to delete =

>> addresses
>> from the address set, right?
>> This is kind of twisted, i think. I mean, if a node wants to delete =

>> one
>> address because is no longer available it, must:
>> - delete all the addresses using a NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES =

>> notification
>> message
>> - add other addresses with a ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification
>> is this so?
>> If yes, i think this should be clearly stated imho (at least that the
>> NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification serves to delete addresses)
>
> No, I have not understood that section that way. I assumed that the
> new list of addresses (ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES) always overwrites the
> whole previous list. I.e. it is not incremental update, but it is full
> list every time. In some cases where you have only one IP-address, the
> ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notify would not be there, and you need to have
> some way to tell that there is no other addresses than the one that is
> used in the IP-headers of this packet.
>

ok, i think we have identified an important element here: my reading of =

this was that additional addresses are incremental to the set already =

available.

I think that it would be very important to explictly state whether the =

addresses in the additional address is a complete set or an incremental =

update.

>> 12. In section 4.6 it is stated that:
>>
>>    By default, the return routability check SHOULD be done before
>>    updating the IPsec SAs.  In environments where the peer is expected
>>    to be well-behaved (many corporate VPNs, for instance), or the
>>    address can be verified by some other means (e.g., the address is
>>    included in the peer's certificate), the return routability check =

>> MAY
>>    be omitted or postponed until after the IPsec SAs have been =

>> updated.
>>
>> I am not sure that the example of the certificate is a good example...
>> what if the certificate is self signed? (i don't know if those are
>> supported) but in any case, i don't know how simple is that =

>> certificates
>> can prove address ownership (this depends of the checks performed by =

>> the
>> CA about address ownership)
>
> If the certificate is self signed, and it is trusted by the recipient
> there is no problem. The basic idea is that in the VPN case where
> multiple sites are connected together with VPN gateways each having
> one or two addresses, each VPN gateway can have certificate which
> lists the IP-addresses they have. The VPN gateways are not going to
> get new address on the fly, thus they can use IP-addresses from the
> certificates. Also the most common case of road warrior will probably
> be that the gateway is authenticated with certificate and the client
> is authenticated with some EAP method. In that case it would be
> useless for clients to do return routability to the server's second
> address, when the first address happen to go down.
>

ok

regards, marcelo

> -- =

> kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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> Mobike@machshav.com
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Sun Oct 16 12:03:37 2005
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Subject: [Mobike] review of draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-04.txt
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Here is my review of draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-04.txt.
I've seen some comments in the list but had not enough time to
really read them, so I apologize if I point some already known problems...

- in 1 page 3

   IKEv2 is used for performing mutual authentication and establishing
   and maintaining IPsec Security Associations (SAs).

=> too many "and"s

- in 3.1 page 5

   Making the decision at the initiator is consistent with how normal
   IKEv2 works: the initiator decides which addresses it uses when
   contacting the responder.  It also makes sense, especially when the
   initiator is the mobile node: it is in a better position to decide
   which of its network interfaces should be used for both upstream and
   downstream traffic.

=> as this has some limitations IMHO there should be a pointer to
the section 3.4 "Limitations".

- in 3.2 page 6 and others

      Initiator                  Responder
     -----------                -----------
   1) HDR, SAi1, KEi, Ni,
           N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP)  -->

                            <--  HDR, SAr1, KEr, Nr,
                                      N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP)
   ...

=> I believe the illustration needs the IP addresses and ports from
IP and UDP headers. If someone finds a good way to add them, the whole
stuff will become far more readable.

- in 4.3 page 10

   Note that if some of the initiator's interfaces are behind a NAT
   (from the responder's point of view), the addresses received by the
   responder will be incorrect.  This means the procedure for changing
   responder addresses described in Section 4.5 does not fully work when
   the initiator is behind a NAT.  For the same reason, the peers also
   SHOULD NOT use this information for any other purposes than what is
   explicitly described in this document.

=> I have a problem with "this document". I propose to relax it in
"MOBIKE documents".

- in 4.4 page 11

   The reasons why the initiator wishes to change the addresses are
   largely beyond the scope of MOBIKE.  Typically, triggers include
   information received from lower layers, such as changes in IP
   addresses or link-down indications.  Some of this information can be
   unreliable: for instance, ICMP messages could be spoofed by an
   attacker.  Unreliable information itself MUST NOT be used to conclude
   than an update is needed: instead, the initiator SHOULD trigger dead
   peer detection (that is, send an INFORMATIONAL request).

=> this at the first read seems to conflict with path testing (4.9).
IMHO some clarification is needed, I propose something like (after
"an update is needed") "because the current path seems to be no more
usable"...

- about 4.4: if/when we'd like to extend the mechanism, two things
seem to be interesting:
 - the capability to move to another addresses (than the addresses in
   the IP header of the message), for instance for network controlled
   mobility.
 - the capability to limit the update to a SA set (i.e., partial update).
Both will be easier with a payload...

- in 4.5 page 14

   As described in Section 4.3, both the initiator and responder can
   send a list of additional addresses in the IKE_AUTH exchange.  This
   information can be updated by sending an INFORMATIONAL exchange
   request message that contains either one or more ADDITIONAL_IP4/
   6_ADDRESS notifications or the NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification.

=> there is no explanation about NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES: 4.3 can't help
because it doesn't use it. I propose to move or copy some text from
5.3 where the notification is described.

- in 4.6 page 15

   To ensure that the peer cannot generate the correct INFORMATIONAL
   response without seeing the request, a new payload is added to
   INFORMATIONAL messages.  The sender of an INFORMATIONAL request MAY
   include a COOKIE2 notification, and if included, the recipient of an
   INFORMATIONAL request MUST copy the notification as-is to the
   response.  When processing the response, the original sender MUST
   verify that the value is the same one as sent.  If the values do not
   match, the IKE_SA MUST be closed.

=> there is no explanation about COOKIE2, I propose an explicit pointer
to section 5.6.

- in 4.9 page 17

   IKEv2 Dead Peer Detection allows the peers to detect if the currently
   used path has stopped working.  However, if either of the peers has
   several addresses, Dead Peer Detection alone does not tell which of
   the other paths might work.

=> this text is fine but perhaps a bit late in the document (i.e.,
path testing should be in the overview too)?

- in 5

=> I believe "notification" is better English than "notify" but
as the IKEv2 document uses "notify payloads"...

- in 5.3 page 18

   The NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification can be included in an
   INFORMATIONAL exchange request message to indicate that the exchange
   initiator does not have addresses beyond the one used in the exchange
   (see Section 4.5 for more detailed description).

=> in fact in the *current* document there is no description at all
of NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES...

- in 6.1 page 20

   MOBIKE introduces the NO_NATS_ALLOWED notification that is used to
   detect modification, by outsiders, of the addresses in the IP header.
   When this notification is used, communication through NATs and other
   address translators is impossible, so it is sent only when not doing
   NAT Traversal.  This feature is mainly intended for site-to-site VPN
   cases, where the administrators may know beforehand that valid NATs
   are not present, and thus any modification to the packet can be
   considered an attack.

=> IPv6 environments are other obvious candidates for NO_NATS_ALLOWED!

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr
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marcelo bagnulo braun writes:
> > There should not be problems with the ingress filters, as we always
> > use the source address associated to the given interface when sending
> > packets out. I.e. if we have two interfaces A and B, having IPa and
> > IPb,  when we send packets out using IPa we always select interface A.
> > The network connected to the interface should allow IPa to pass
> > through it as it is IP address given by the network to the host for
> > that interface. Implementations might need to do specific things to
> > bypass routing of those packets (using default route or similar) to
> > make use they are really sent out from the host using proper
> > interface.
> >
> 
> yes in this case there shouldn't be problems with ingress filters. 
> However, as i understand it, it is expected that a common multihoming 
> scenario is that multiple PA address blocks are assigned to a 
> multihomed site (one per isp serving the site), so that there will be 
> multiple global addresses assigned to each interface connected to the 
> multihomed site.

I do not think that will be the case of the roaming laptop case, i.e.
the GPRS, WLAN and fixed ethernet links all give out exctly one
IP-address to the connected interface, and you are only supposed to
use that IP-address through that interface to which it was given to.

> In this case, selecting the egress interface doesn't help you selecting 
> among the multiple addresses assigned to that interface.
> However, you still may have problem with ingress filters because each 
> address has been assigned by a different ISP, implying that if ingress 
> filters are in place, each isp will only route those packets that 
> contain the prefix delegated by the particular isp in the source 
> address of the packet. hence, we may have ingress filters 
> incompatibility issues, so unidirectional paths may be quite frequent 
> if no ingress filters compatibility mechanisms are in place (for more 
> about this check draft-huitema-shim6-ingress-filtering-00.txt

This could be the case in the multihomed VPN case. Note, that MOBIKE
should still work perfect, if that unidirectional path does not work
(i.e. packets does not get back when IP-addresses are reversed), then
that address pair is not used, and we finally end up selecting address
pair which does not have that problem with ingress filters.

> i guess that this at least needs to be specified i.e. that mobike will 
> try with different addresses.... question: is mobike going to retry 
> using only different destination addresses or it will also try with 
> different source addresses? i guess it makes sense to try with 
> different source addresses as well, in particular, with all the 
> possible combinations src and dst addresses available.

If it has multiple IP addresses associated to the IKE SA (even before
it is created) then it should try all combinations of them through the
normal IKE SA retransmission policy.

> However, while it may be quite common that a node retires with 
> different dest addresses (hey, rfc3484 says that a node SHOULD do it) 
> currently, it is not usual AFAIK retrials with different source 
> addresses, hence why mobike should explicitly mention it if you want 
> this imho

Yes, might be good idea explicitly mention this anyways.

> So my question is:
> wouldn't it be easier/simpler to define a symetrical protocol stating 
> that simultaneous movement and both aprties behind nat situations are 
> not supported.

With fully symmetric protocol we cannot really support NAT-T at all.
Neither for initiator or responder, as with symmetric protocol there
is no difference in that.

The end host which is behind NAT must take asymmetric action and fix
the situation which its addresses change, as the other end cannot send
packets to the new address before host behind NAT has done so. This
means that the protocol will always be asymmetric if NAT-T is desired.

> If this can be done, the protocol would be more general and there 
> wouldn't be needed those special situations where one of the parties 
> need to do special operations (responder changing addresses)

This was quite extensively discussed on the list and meetings before
the selection of the "initiator decices" was done. We did try few
protocols that tried to be symmetric, but they did get much more
complicated immediately when NAT-T was added. Actually my initial
protocol was one of those symmetric ones but it didn't support any
NAT traversal.

I still think all the discussion about this belongs to the design
draft. 

> 
> ok, i think we have identified an important element here: my reading of 
> this was that additional addresses are incremental to the set already 
> available.
> 
> I think that it would be very important to explictly state whether the 
> addresses in the additional address is a complete set or an incremental 
> update.

Agree on that. (and it is complete set).
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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Tero Kivinen wrote:

>marcelo bagnulo braun writes:
>  
>
>>>There should not be problems with the ingress filters, as we always
>>>use the source address associated to the given interface when sending
>>>packets out. I.e. if we have two interfaces A and B, having IPa and
>>>IPb,  when we send packets out using IPa we always select interface A.
>>>The network connected to the interface should allow IPa to pass
>>>through it as it is IP address given by the network to the host for
>>>that interface. Implementations might need to do specific things to
>>>bypass routing of those packets (using default route or similar) to
>>>make use they are really sent out from the host using proper
>>>interface.
>>>
>>>      
>>>
>>yes in this case there shouldn't be problems with ingress filters. 
>>However, as i understand it, it is expected that a common multihoming 
>>scenario is that multiple PA address blocks are assigned to a 
>>multihomed site (one per isp serving the site), so that there will be 
>>multiple global addresses assigned to each interface connected to the 
>>multihomed site.
>>    
>>
>
>I do not think that will be the case of the roaming laptop case, i.e.
>the GPRS, WLAN and fixed ethernet links all give out exctly one
>IP-address to the connected interface, and you are only supposed to
>use that IP-address through that interface to which it was given to.
>  
>
In IPv6 it is indeed possible that you have multiple
addresses and prefixes on a single interface. Then the
issues that Marcelo refers to become possible. But
from what I understand we can deal with that in an
orthogonal way, i.e., this is an issue in MOBIKE usage,
in SHIM6 usage, and even when no multihoming protocol
is used at all.

--Jari

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Francis Dupont writes:
> - in 3.2 page 6 and others
> 
>       Initiator                  Responder
>      -----------                -----------
>    1) HDR, SAi1, KEi, Ni,
>            N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP)  -->
> 
>                             <--  HDR, SAr1, KEr, Nr,
>                                       N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP)
>    ...
> 
> => I believe the illustration needs the IP addresses and ports from
> IP and UDP headers. If someone finds a good way to add them, the whole
> stuff will become far more readable.

Yes. Perhaps something like HDR(IP1:500,IP2:500) would be readable
enough? 
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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From: marcelo bagnulo braun <marcelo@it.uc3m.es>
Date: Mon, 17 Oct 2005 18:14:30 +0200
To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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El 17/10/2005, a las 12:44, Jari Arkko escribi=F3:

> Tero Kivinen wrote:
>
>> marcelo bagnulo braun writes:
>>
>>>> There should not be problems with the ingress filters, as we always
>>>> use the source address associated to the given interface when =

>>>> sending
>>>> packets out. I.e. if we have two interfaces A and B, having IPa and
>>>> IPb,  when we send packets out using IPa we always select interface =

>>>> A.
>>>> The network connected to the interface should allow IPa to pass
>>>> through it as it is IP address given by the network to the host for
>>>> that interface. Implementations might need to do specific things to
>>>> bypass routing of those packets (using default route or similar) to
>>>> make use they are really sent out from the host using proper
>>>> interface.
>>>>
>>>>
>>> yes in this case there shouldn't be problems with ingress filters. =

>>> However, as i understand it, it is expected that a common =

>>> multihoming scenario is that multiple PA address blocks are assigned =

>>> to a multihomed site (one per isp serving the site), so that there =

>>> will be multiple global addresses assigned to each interface =

>>> connected to the multihomed site.
>>>
>>
>> I do not think that will be the case of the roaming laptop case, i.e.
>> the GPRS, WLAN and fixed ethernet links all give out exctly one
>> IP-address to the connected interface, and you are only supposed to
>> use that IP-address through that interface to which it was given to.
>>
> In IPv6 it is indeed possible that you have multiple
> addresses and prefixes on a single interface. Then the
> issues that Marcelo refers to become possible. But
> from what I understand we can deal with that in an
> orthogonal way, i.e., this is an issue in MOBIKE usage,
> in SHIM6 usage, and even when no multihoming protocol
> is used at all.
>

right, but supporting unidirectional paths in the protocol makes the =

protocol to perform better in such scenarios
I mean, as i see it, or you assume that there is something that will =

take care of ingress filtering compatibility, in which case, supporting =

unidirectional connectivity support doesn't brings you much, or you =

don't assume some ingress filtering compatibility mechanism and then =

supporting unidirectional paths does buy you some extra performance. =

but the mobike protocol doesn't seems to do none of them afaict (or at =

least it doesn't state anything about this)
regards, marcelo


> --Jari
>

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From: marcelo bagnulo braun <marcelo@it.uc3m.es>
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El 17/10/2005, a las 12:37, Tero Kivinen escribi=F3:

> marcelo bagnulo braun writes:
>>> There should not be problems with the ingress filters, as we always
>>> use the source address associated to the given interface when sending
>>> packets out. I.e. if we have two interfaces A and B, having IPa and
>>> IPb,  when we send packets out using IPa we always select interface =

>>> A.
>>> The network connected to the interface should allow IPa to pass
>>> through it as it is IP address given by the network to the host for
>>> that interface. Implementations might need to do specific things to
>>> bypass routing of those packets (using default route or similar) to
>>> make use they are really sent out from the host using proper
>>> interface.
>>>
>>
>> yes in this case there shouldn't be problems with ingress filters.
>> However, as i understand it, it is expected that a common multihoming
>> scenario is that multiple PA address blocks are assigned to a
>> multihomed site (one per isp serving the site), so that there will be
>> multiple global addresses assigned to each interface connected to the
>> multihomed site.
>
> I do not think that will be the case of the roaming laptop case, i.e.
> the GPRS, WLAN and fixed ethernet links all give out exctly one
> IP-address to the connected interface, and you are only supposed to
> use that IP-address through that interface to which it was given to.
>
>> In this case, selecting the egress interface doesn't help you =

>> selecting
>> among the multiple addresses assigned to that interface.
>> However, you still may have problem with ingress filters because each
>> address has been assigned by a different ISP, implying that if ingress
>> filters are in place, each isp will only route those packets that
>> contain the prefix delegated by the particular isp in the source
>> address of the packet. hence, we may have ingress filters
>> incompatibility issues, so unidirectional paths may be quite frequent
>> if no ingress filters compatibility mechanisms are in place (for more
>> about this check draft-huitema-shim6-ingress-filtering-00.txt
>
> This could be the case in the multihomed VPN case. Note, that MOBIKE
> should still work perfect, if that unidirectional path does not work
> (i.e. packets does not get back when IP-addresses are reversed), then
> that address pair is not used, and we finally end up selecting address
> pair which does not have that problem with ingress filters.
>

right, if such path exists
It maybe the case, that only disjunct unidirectional paths exists, =

because of ingress filters.
In this case, mobike protocol wouldn't achieve to communicate, even if =

a path exists, and it would be possible to communicate if the mobike =

protocol supported different addresses in the different peers of the =

communication

>> i guess that this at least needs to be specified i.e. that mobike will
>> try with different addresses.... question: is mobike going to retry
>> using only different destination addresses or it will also try with
>> different source addresses? i guess it makes sense to try with
>> different source addresses as well, in particular, with all the
>> possible combinations src and dst addresses available.
>
> If it has multiple IP addresses associated to the IKE SA (even before
> it is created) then it should try all combinations of them through the
> normal IKE SA retransmission policy.

does the IKE SA retransmission policy tries different source addresses?

regards, marcelo

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Subject: Re: [Mobike] FW: Marcelo's review of mobike protocol
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marcelo bagnulo braun wrote:

> right, but supporting unidirectional paths in the protocol makes the 
> protocol to perform better in such scenarios

That's right. But such support is hard (as we have found
out in shim6... which only supports this partially). Perhaps
more importantly, MOBIKE had a discussion about the unidirectional
paths some months ago and made a decision in the WG that
we're not doing it. Reasons behind this included toughness
of supporting it with NAT traversal, among others. I'd rather
not re-open that discussion unless we find a serious problem.
We are already aware that we can't support some scenarios due to
this - that's fine.

--Jari

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Subject: [Mobike] Stephane Beaulieu's comments on
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Section 3.
"MOBIKE allows both parties to have several addresses, and there are
   up to N*M pairs of IP addresses that could potentially be used."

- Do we not also allow a party to temporarily have 0 addresses?  While I
walk from the office to Starbucks across the street, I may loose all
wireless for a few minutes.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Section 3.2 (2nd example)
"(The initiator gives up on the current address pair, and tests the
   other available address pair.)"

- Can the initiator test multiple address pairs simultaneously?
(assuming he has the window space to do so).
- If not, how many retries and how many seconds between each retry on a
single address pair before we move on to the next?  Are there
recommendations for this, or is this purely implementation detail?

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Section 3.2
- Is there a way to remove an address? (ex. Pull out my wireless
adapter).  

Tero mentioned in another thread that he assumed that sending a new
ADDITIONAL_X_ADDRESS notify overwrote all past addresses, but this isn't
clear to me from the text.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Section 3.3

IMO, there should be text in this section that explains that Mobike
tries to detect sporadic NAT mapping changes by adding NATD payloads in
the DPD msgs.  I know this is explained later, but I would expect to
hear something about this in this section, since this is the "NAT"
section.

++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

Section 4.2

I don't understand why we need to switch to port 4500 even if there is
no NAT in the path.  Can someone explain this to me?  Or better yet,
explain it in the draft?


Thanks,
Stephane.
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] FW: Marcelo's review of mobike protocol
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marcelo bagnulo braun writes:
> right, if such path exists

Yes. We do assume there is working IP-pair that allows us to get
packets in both direction. This does not really matter if this
consists of two unidirectional paths, as long as it is routers who
take care of that (i.e. not MOBIKE).

> It maybe the case, that only disjunct unidirectional paths exists, 
> because of ingress filters.
> In this case, mobike protocol wouldn't achieve to communicate, even if 
> a path exists, and it would be possible to communicate if the mobike 
> protocol supported different addresses in the different peers of the 
> communication

If I understand correctly TCP would not work in that case too (i.e.
TCP also assumes you can send and receive packets using same IP-pair
in both ends, just reverse the IP-addresses). Both TCP or MOBIKE can
be made so that they do not really cares which interface was used to
send packet out and from which interface it was received, but that is
operating system issue, not protocol issue. MOBIKE does not try to
work in cases where you need to use different IP-address pair in one
direction and another pair to the other direction.

> > If it has multiple IP addresses associated to the IKE SA (even before
> > it is created) then it should try all combinations of them through the
> > normal IKE SA retransmission policy.
> 
> does the IKE SA retransmission policy tries different source addresses?

MOBIKE section 4.4. tells what to do if IKEv2 request has been
re-transmited several times with no reply, and when initiator decides
new address, he should go through all possible address combinations
before giving up.
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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Stephane Beaulieu (stephane) writes:
> 
> Section 3.
> "MOBIKE allows both parties to have several addresses, and there are
>    up to N*M pairs of IP addresses that could potentially be used."
> 
> - Do we not also allow a party to temporarily have 0 addresses?  While I
> walk from the office to Starbucks across the street, I may loose all
> wireless for a few minutes.

No we do not allow zero addresses. See issue 5 in the issue list. Also
the current protocol implictly always have the IP-address in headers
in the address set, so there is no way to express that in the
protocol. 

> Section 3.2 (2nd example)
> "(The initiator gives up on the current address pair, and tests the
>    other available address pair.)"
> 
> - Can the initiator test multiple address pairs simultaneously?
> (assuming he has the window space to do so).

As he is using the single message to test all addresse pairs he would
not need window to test multiple address pairs, but on the other hand
in the issue 14 we decided that we want to test them sequentially and
using exponential back-off procedure (to make sure we do not make the
congestion worse). 

> - If not, how many retries and how many seconds between each retry on a
> single address pair before we move on to the next?  Are there
> recommendations for this, or is this purely implementation detail?

Implementation datails. My guess is that as the most of those IKE
packets are very fast to respond to, we should mostly count only the
round trip time (unless the message we are trying to send has some
expensive calculations like Diffie-Helmman). I.e. the first
retransmission can happen after 2 * RTT, and next for example 1.4 *
from that, and after 2-3 tries with one IP pair you can move to the
next one, keeping the retries to use same exponential timer up to
certain max limit.

So if you have IPa1 and IPa2 in your end and IPb1 and IPb2 for the
other end, you end up following retransmissions:

Time		Cumulative Time	   Src-IP	Dst-IP
from prev	from start
---------	----------	   ------	------
0.000		0.000		   IPa1		IPb1
0.400   	0.400		   IPa1		IPb1
0.560   	0.960		   IPa1		IPb1
0.784   	1.744		   IPa1		IPb2
1.098   	2.842		   IPa1		IPb2
1.537   	4.378		   IPa1		IPb2
2.151   	6.530		   IPa2		IPb2
3.012   	9.541		   IPa2		IPb2
4.217   	13.758		   IPa2		IPb2
5.903   	19.661		   IPa2		IPb1
8.264   	27.925		   IPa2		IPb1
11.570  	39.496		   IPa2		IPb1

After that it has tried all addresses, and none of them work, so he
might want to start testing them rapidly, to see if one of them is
going to get fixed during the rest of time (and stop slowing the
retransmission after 30 seconds):

16.198          55.694		   IPa1		IPb1
22.678          78.371		   IPa1		IPb2
30.000          108.371		   IPa2		IPb2
30.000          138.371		   IPa2		IPb1
30.000          168.371		   IPa1		IPb1
30.000          198.371		   IPa1		IPb2
30.000          228.371		   IPa2		IPb2

And finally give up after 4 minutes of trying.

The exact value of exponent, the initial retransmission timer, number
of tries per IP and the max limit for the timer etc are all of course
implementation and scenario dependent.

For example in the GRPS network you might want to use initial timer of
2 seconds, use exponent of 2, try each IP-address only twice, and have
a max limit of 10 seconds.

> Section 4.2
> 
> I don't understand why we need to switch to port 4500 even if there is
> no NAT in the path.  Can someone explain this to me?  Or better yet,
> explain it in the draft?

I raised this question also earlier, and the answer was: In case we
later move to the path that has a NAT box between, and we need to
enable NAT-T, then we must be on the port 4500 before we enable NAT-T.
To avoid hassle to do the changing of the port at that time, we do it
in the beginning. It does not hurt at all to move to port 4500
immediately, if both ends support NAT-T, and it will make enabling
NAT-T very simple when we later in the UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES notice
there is NAT between us.
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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Thread-Topic: [Mobike] Stephane Beaulieu's comments
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From: "Stephane Beaulieu (stephane)" <stephane@cisco.com>
To: "Tero Kivinen" <kivinen@iki.fi>
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Stephane Beaulieu's comments
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Inline [SB]

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Tero Kivinen [mailto:kivinen@iki.fi] 
> Sent: Tuesday, October 18, 2005 4:20 AM
> To: Stephane Beaulieu (stephane)
> Cc: mobike@machshav.com
> Subject: [Mobike] Stephane Beaulieu's comments 
> ondraft-mobike-protocol-04.txt
> 
> Stephane Beaulieu (stephane) writes:
> > 
> > Section 3.
> > "MOBIKE allows both parties to have several addresses, and there are
> >    up to N*M pairs of IP addresses that could potentially be used."
> > 
> > - Do we not also allow a party to temporarily have 0 
> addresses?  While 
> > I walk from the office to Starbucks across the street, I 
> may loose all 
> > wireless for a few minutes.
> 
> No we do not allow zero addresses. See issue 5 in the issue 
> list. Also the current protocol implictly always have the 
> IP-address in headers in the address set, so there is no way 
> to express that in the protocol. 

[SB] Thanks.  Went back and re-read the notes on issue #5, and I see the
reasoning behind it.


> 
> > Section 3.2 (2nd example)
> > "(The initiator gives up on the current address pair, and tests the
> >    other available address pair.)"
> > 
> > - Can the initiator test multiple address pairs simultaneously?
> > (assuming he has the window space to do so).
> 
> As he is using the single message to test all addresse pairs 
> he would not need window to test multiple address pairs, but 
> on the other hand in the issue 14 we decided that we want to 
> test them sequentially and using exponential back-off 
> procedure (to make sure we do not make the congestion worse). 

[SB] OK.  Some text to that effect would be helpful.


> 
> > - If not, how many retries and how many seconds between 
> each retry on 
> > a single address pair before we move on to the next?  Are there 
> > recommendations for this, or is this purely implementation detail?
> 
> Implementation datails. My guess is that as the most of those 
> IKE packets are very fast to respond to, we should mostly 
> count only the round trip time (unless the message we are 
> trying to send has some expensive calculations like 
> Diffie-Helmman). I.e. the first retransmission can happen 
> after 2 * RTT, and next for example 1.4 * from that, and 
> after 2-3 tries with one IP pair you can move to the next 
> one, keeping the retries to use same exponential timer up to 
> certain max limit.

[SB] OK.  This is fine with me.

> 
> So if you have IPa1 and IPa2 in your end and IPb1 and IPb2 
> for the other end, you end up following retransmissions:
> 
> Time		Cumulative Time	   Src-IP	Dst-IP
> from prev	from start
> ---------	----------	   ------	------
> 0.000		0.000		   IPa1		IPb1
> 0.400   	0.400		   IPa1		IPb1
> 0.560   	0.960		   IPa1		IPb1
> 0.784   	1.744		   IPa1		IPb2
> 1.098   	2.842		   IPa1		IPb2
> 1.537   	4.378		   IPa1		IPb2
> 2.151   	6.530		   IPa2		IPb2
> 3.012   	9.541		   IPa2		IPb2
> 4.217   	13.758		   IPa2		IPb2
> 5.903   	19.661		   IPa2		IPb1
> 8.264   	27.925		   IPa2		IPb1
> 11.570  	39.496		   IPa2		IPb1
> 
> After that it has tried all addresses, and none of them work, 
> so he might want to start testing them rapidly, to see if one 
> of them is going to get fixed during the rest of time (and 
> stop slowing the retransmission after 30 seconds):
> 
> 16.198          55.694		   IPa1		IPb1
> 22.678          78.371		   IPa1		IPb2
> 30.000          108.371		   IPa2		IPb2
> 30.000          138.371		   IPa2		IPb1
> 30.000          168.371		   IPa1		IPb1
> 30.000          198.371		   IPa1		IPb2
> 30.000          228.371		   IPa2		IPb2
> 
> And finally give up after 4 minutes of trying.
> 
> The exact value of exponent, the initial retransmission 
> timer, number of tries per IP and the max limit for the timer 
> etc are all of course implementation and scenario dependent.
> 
> For example in the GRPS network you might want to use initial timer of
> 2 seconds, use exponent of 2, try each IP-address only twice, 
> and have a max limit of 10 seconds.
> 
> > Section 4.2
> > 
> > I don't understand why we need to switch to port 4500 even 
> if there is 
> > no NAT in the path.  Can someone explain this to me?  Or 
> better yet, 
> > explain it in the draft?
> 
> I raised this question also earlier, and the answer was: In 
> case we later move to the path that has a NAT box between, 
> and we need to enable NAT-T, then we must be on the port 4500 
> before we enable NAT-T.
> To avoid hassle to do the changing of the port at that time, 
> we do it in the beginning. It does not hurt at all to move to 
> port 4500 immediately, if both ends support NAT-T, and it 
> will make enabling NAT-T very simple when we later in the 
> UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES notice there is NAT between us.

[SB] Ah.  That makes sense.  Perhaps the reasoning here should be
documented as well.

> --
> kivinen@safenet-inc.com
> 
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Subject: [Mobike] REMINDER: WGLC on MOBIKE protocol ends today
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This is a reminder that the last call ends today. Please
review and comment if you haven't already done so!

>We are now starting the official Working Group Last Call
>on the protocol document:
>
>  http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-04.txt
>
>The last call will end on Wednesday, October 19th, 2005*. If
>you have not already started reading and verifying that the
>specification is as you want it to be, please start doing so NOW.
>This is your FINAL opportunity to comment on this protocol.
>
>Jari & Paul
>
>*) As announced earlier we are cutting the last call period a few
>days short in order to give Pasi some time to edit and submit before
>the October 24th I-D deadline. Note that since -04 revision consists
>entirely of RFC Editor's copy editing changes, the technical content
>has been available for review already since the publication of the -03
>draft, and indeed we've already received a number of good review
>comments. Keep the coming!
>
>_______________________________________________
>Mobike mailing list
>Mobike@machshav.com
>https://www.machshav.com/mailman/listinfo.cgi/mobike
>
>
>  
>

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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Wed Oct 19 08:39:25 2005
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Tero Kivinen wrote:
> When you are sending packets outbound you do lookup from SPD-S
> based on the selectors (I1 or I2) and you get SA based on
> that. Then in the SA there is the SPI and destination IP to be
> used for the other end.  Then you simply make tunnel
> encapsulation and send the packet along. I do not really see
> what is the problem there?

<snip>

> The 4.4.2 of the RFC2401bis says:
> ...
>    For outbound processing, each SAD entry is pointed to by 
>    entries in the SPD-S part of the SPD cache.

It seems the issue is about how exactly this "pointing" is
implemented. I think Tuomas was saying that storing the (remote
tunnel header IP, remote SPI) pair is not a right way to implement
this pointing, since it does not always uniquely identify an 
outbound SA.

And as you pointed out, this is not new to MOBIKE: it obviously
happens with NAT Traversal, but can happen without NAT-T too (one
peer goes away without deleting the SAs; another peer comes in,
gets the same address, and creates new SAs with that).

I'm not sure what, if anything, the spec should say about this.
2401bis itself is quite clear that it's describing a nominal
model, and is not intended to match any real implementations.
Clearly there are several ways to implement the pointer, depending 
on e.g. how exactly the required information is stored (there's no
requirement that an implementation has two different data
structures, one called SAD and another called SPD), and what
programming language is used. But the details of C pointers, 
Java references, Prolog clauses, or LISP expressions are really 
beyond the scope of 2401bis (and MOBIKE).

So, my gut feeling would be that if something needs to be said
about this, the best place would be 2401bis, since the issue
is not specific to MOBIKE. Also, it's an implementation detail,
so there's no need to specify one single way to do it.

However... I think some IPsec implementations have actually got
this wrong.  Mohan mentioned Linux, and based on a quick look, 
yes, it seems the 2.6 kernel IPsec uses (remote tunnel header IP, 
remote SPI, protocol) as the outbound SA lookup key. So maybe
it would be worthwhile to mention this, perhaps in a non-normative
"implementation considerations" appendix?

Best regards,
Pasi
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Here are my LC comments. Overall, I'm quite happy with
specification as it is. Some technical and editorial issues
are listed below, however.

I have added names for technical issues to
assist in keeping track of what issues we have.

Technical:

*imprecise explanation of what nat cases are not supported*

>   "Does not fully support" means that no special effort is made to
>   support this functionality.  However, if the alternative is losing
>   connectivity completely, the responder can still attempt to proceed
>   with the change, and depending on, e.g., the exact type of NAT, it
>   may succeed.  However, analyzing the exact circumstances when this
>   will or will not work is not done in this document.
>  
>
I'm OK with the text being vague about the type of
scenarios supported beyond the basic client-inside-NAT
case. However, the above text appears to say that the
responder is capable of detecting such situations,
which I don't think is at least always true.

*certain vs. possible changed address info*

>   o  An INFORMATIONAL request containing ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS
>      notifications is received.  This means the peer's addresses may
>      have changed.
>  
>
I think we have two cases: the list (and source) either
contains the addresses that we currently know of and
use, or they don't. In the former case addresses may
have changed, but in the latter case they surely have.
For instance, if the peer sends us a message saying
that its now in address B instead of A, we really need
to take that into account, rather than continuing to
use A.

Suggestion: explain this in the bullet item, or split the
item in two.

*minimal conformance requirements*

>   Note that both peers can have their own policies about what addresses
>   are acceptable to use.  A minimal "mobile client" could have a policy
>   that says that only the responder's address specified in local
>   configuration is acceptable.  This kind of client does not have to
>   send or process ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.  Similarly, a
>   simple "VPN gateway" that has only a single address, and is not going
>   to change it, does not need to send or understand
>   ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.
>  
>
I think we discussed this previously (and I have not
yet checked what the result of that discussion was).
However, the above client text sounds a bit too flexible
in my opinion.

*RR requirements according to earlier decisions*

>   Both parties can optionally verify that the other party can actually
>   receive packets at the claimed address.  This "return routability
>   check" can be done before updating the IPsec SAs, immediately after
>   updating them, or continuously during the connection.
>
>   By default, the return routability check SHOULD be done before
>   updating the IPsec SAs.  In environments where the peer is expected
>   to be well-behaved (many corporate VPNs, for instance), or the
>   address can be verified by some other means (e.g., the address is
>   included in the peer's certificate), the return routability check MAY
>   be omitted or postponed until after the IPsec SAs have been updated.
>  
>
I think we decided earlier that the RR checks are by default
on, and that they are by default done before updating the
SAs. The above text seems to omit the former default. Suggested
fix:

   Both parties can optionally verify that the other party can actually
   receive packets at the claimed address.  By default, this "return
   routability check" SHOULD be performed. In environments where the
   peer is expected to be well-behaved (many corporate VPNs, for instance),
   or the address can be verified by some other means (e.g., the address is
   included in the peer's certificate), the return routability check MAY
   be omitted.

   The check can be done before updating the IPsec SAs, immediately after
   updating them, or continuously during the connection. By default, the
   return routability check SHOULD be done before updating the IPsec 
   SAs, but in some environments it MAY be postponed until after the
   IPsec SAs have been updated.

*meta issue about specification completeness*

Pasi, as you have edited ikev2-clarifications, what kind of
issues have you seen that have caused so many clarifications
needed? If you have a list of these issue types, can we go
over our spec to ensure that we don't introduce the same
unclarities?

I'm asking because the specification style is close to what
we had in IKEv2. Do we need add tables of what attributes
are possible in what messages, state machines, or spend
more effort in detailed processing algorithms?

(But I did not see anything on my review that would
be obviously prone for interpretation.)

Editorial:

>In the current
>   specifications, the IPsec and IKE SAs are created implicitly between
>   the IP addresses that are used when the IKE_SA is established.
>
s/current specifications/base IKEv2 protocol/

>   user interaction for authentication (entering a code from a token
>   card, for instance).
>
.... authentication, such as entering ...

>3.1.  Basic Operation
>
2nd para: it would be useful to state early that ike exchange
initiator decides the addresses to use for that exchange. Right
now you only talk about IPsec addresses. I know this is part of
ikev2, but the reader may not have the background to understand
this.

>3.2.  Example Protocol Runs
>
2nd example, Step 3 needs to show that the response is lost.

The 2nd example should also explain better why COOKIE2
is needed in Step 4.

>3.4.  Limitations
>  
>
Probably worthwhile to explain this earlier, maybe as Section
1.1.

>4.8.  NAT Prohibition
>
This section would benefit from a message flow example.

>   The attackers in this threat can be either outsiders or even one of
>   the IKEv2 peers.  In usual VPN usage scenarios, attacks by the peers
>   can be easily dealt with if the authentication performed in the
>   initial IKEv2 negotiation can be traced to persons who can be held
>   responsible for the attack.  This may not be the case in all
>   scenarios, particularly with opportunistic approaches to security.
>  
>
s/persons/persons or devices/?

--Jari

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Tero,

>Perhaps the section 5.1 should say "There is no data associated with
>this Notify type, and the when processing Notify received from the
>other end the notify data MUST be ignored." Then we can later add some
>data there and old version will ignore it. That will allow us
>possibility to extend this payload later. With the current text
>implementations can simply fail the whole IKE SA negotiation if there
>is data in the this notify. (or if you consider this to be too close
>to the already covered no-version-numbers case, then feel free to
>ignore this comment).
>  
>
I don't want to re-open the old issue. But this approach
to specifying processing of payloads is in general
what I want to see in any payload, its simply makes
sense from an extensibility point of view.

So I'd like to see Tero's proposal adopted.

--Jari

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The consensus seems to be that the text in
question needs to be clarified to say that the
new list overwrites the old.

(Note: I think we decided a long time ago that
we're not doing incremental updates but rather
entire new lists. We're not reopening that
discussion. However, our reviewers indicate that
the text isn't clear.)


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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Wed Oct 19 17:40:47 2005
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I don't think it would hurt to point this out. For
folks that are using Linux, they can know immediately
that MOBIKE does not work and it might get fixed soon
:-)

-mohan


--- Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

> Tero Kivinen wrote:
> > When you are sending packets outbound you do
> lookup from SPD-S
> > based on the selectors (I1 or I2) and you get SA
> based on
> > that. Then in the SA there is the SPI and
> destination IP to be
> > used for the other end.  Then you simply make
> tunnel
> > encapsulation and send the packet along. I do not
> really see
> > what is the problem there?
> 
> <snip>
> 
> > The 4.4.2 of the RFC2401bis says:
> > ...
> >    For outbound processing, each SAD entry is
> pointed to by 
> >    entries in the SPD-S part of the SPD cache.
> 
> It seems the issue is about how exactly this
> "pointing" is
> implemented. I think Tuomas was saying that storing
> the (remote
> tunnel header IP, remote SPI) pair is not a right
> way to implement
> this pointing, since it does not always uniquely
> identify an 
> outbound SA.
> 
> And as you pointed out, this is not new to MOBIKE:
> it obviously
> happens with NAT Traversal, but can happen without
> NAT-T too (one
> peer goes away without deleting the SAs; another
> peer comes in,
> gets the same address, and creates new SAs with
> that).
> 
> I'm not sure what, if anything, the spec should say
> about this.
> 2401bis itself is quite clear that it's describing a
> nominal
> model, and is not intended to match any real
> implementations.
> Clearly there are several ways to implement the
> pointer, depending 
> on e.g. how exactly the required information is
> stored (there's no
> requirement that an implementation has two different
> data
> structures, one called SAD and another called SPD),
> and what
> programming language is used. But the details of C
> pointers, 
> Java references, Prolog clauses, or LISP expressions
> are really 
> beyond the scope of 2401bis (and MOBIKE).
> 
> So, my gut feeling would be that if something needs
> to be said
> about this, the best place would be 2401bis, since
> the issue
> is not specific to MOBIKE. Also, it's an
> implementation detail,
> so there's no need to specify one single way to do
> it.
> 
> However... I think some IPsec implementations have
> actually got
> this wrong.  Mohan mentioned Linux, and based on a
> quick look, 
> yes, it seems the 2.6 kernel IPsec uses (remote
> tunnel header IP, 
> remote SPI, protocol) as the outbound SA lookup key.
> So maybe
> it would be worthwhile to mention this, perhaps in a
> non-normative
> "implementation considerations" appendix?
> 
> Best regards,
> Pasi
> _______________________________________________
> Mobike mailing list
> Mobike@machshav.com
> https://www.machshav.com/mailman/listinfo.cgi/mobike
> 

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Jari Arkko wrote:
> Tero,
> 
> >Perhaps the section 5.1 should say "There is no data associated
> >with this Notify type, and the when processing Notify received from
> >the other end the notify data MUST be ignored." Then we can later
> >add some data there and old version will ignore it. That will allow
> >us possibility to extend this payload later. With the current text
> >implementations can simply fail the whole IKE SA negotiation if
> >there is data in the this notify. (or if you consider this to be
> >too close to the already covered no-version-numbers case, then feel
> >free to ignore this comment).
>
> I don't want to re-open the old issue. But this approach to
> specifying processing of payloads is in general what I want to see
> in any payload, its simply makes sense from an extensibility point
> of view.
> 
> So I'd like to see Tero's proposal adopted.

Exactly this was proposed also earlier, during the discussion on
issue 35. But this is so small change that maybe we could do it.
How about replacing this text in Section 5.1

   The Notify Message Type for MOBIKE_SUPPORTED is TBD-BY-IANA1.  The
   Protocol ID and SPI Size fields are set to zero.  There is no data
   associated with this Notify type.

with this?

   The Notify Message Type for MOBIKE_SUPPORTED is TBD-BY-IANA1.  The
   Protocol ID and SPI Size fields are set to zero.  The notification
   data field MUST be left empty (zero-length) when sending, and its
   contents (if any) MUST be ignored when this notification is
   received. This allows the field to be used by future versions of
   this protocol.

Best regards,
Pasi
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Tero Kivinen wrote:

> 2)
>
> In section 4.2 we should always take the IP-addresses from the
> IKE_AUTH request, as there might be multiple IKE_SA_INIT request,
> and some of those might not create state at all (cookie,
> invalid_ke_payload). I think it would be simplier to say that the
> IP-addresses are always taken from the IP header of the IKE_AUTH
> packet having SA payload (regardless of the NAT-T or no NAT-T).
>
> In normal IKEv2 this does not matter, as if no NAT-T is used then
> the IP address must stay same, and if NAT-T is used then we take the
> last packet seen and use the IP-addresses from there. In Mobike we
> do need to define the exact time what IP-address is used, and I
> think the packet having the ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESSES would be the most
> logical choise (i.e. the IKE_AUTH packet having the SA payload).

There's a reason why I wrote it that way: when not doing NAT-T, 
the address should be taken from the same packet which contains
NO_NATS_ALLOWED. And it seems that putting NO_NATS_ALLOWED in
IKE_SA_INIT is simpler than IKE_AUTH; see below on this...

> The section 4.8 says that NO_NATS_ALLOWED should be put to the
> IKE_SA_INIT (among other things), but we do want to keep IKE_SA_INIT
> as small as possible, so I think IKE_AUTH is much better place for
> that notify. That would also be in sync with my proposed change to
> the 4.2 where I proposed to say that use the IKE_AUTH packet having
> SA payload to get the IP address tobe used. NO_NATS_ALLOWED is not
> needed in the IKE_SA_INIT like NAT_DETECTION_*_IP notifies are, as
> they do not cause changing of the port numbers for the IKE_AUTH.

NO_NATS_ALLOWED takes less space than NAT_DETECTION_*_IP payloads,
so IMHO it's not unreasonable to put it in IKE_SA_INIT.

The real reason to put NO_NATS_ALLOWED in IKE_SA_INIT is that it's
much simpler to retry the request if we get UNEXPECTED_NAT_DETECTED
error back. In particular, this text from Section 4.8 would need major
revision if we take the address from IKE_AUTH:

   More specifically, when NAT Traversal is not enabled, all messages
   that can update the addresses associated with the IKE_SA and/or IPsec
   SAs (the IKE_SA_INIT request and all INFORMATIONAL requests that
   contain UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES and/or ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS
   notifications) MUST also include a NO_NATS_ALLOWED notification.  The
   exchange responder MUST verify that the contents of the
   NO_NATS_ALLOWED notification match the addresses in the IP header.
   If they do not match, a response containing an
   UNEXPECTED_NAT_DETECTED notification is sent (and in the case of the
   IKE_SA_INIT exchange, no state is created at the responder).  The
   response message is sent to the address and port that the
   corresponding request came from, not to the address contained in the
   NO_NATS_ALLOWED notification.

   If the exchange initiator receives an UNEXPECTED_NAT_DETECTION
   notification in response to its request, it SHOULD retry the
   operation several times using new IKE_SA_INIT/INFORMATIONAL requests.
   This ensures that an attacker who is able to modify only a single
   packet does not unnecessarily cause a path to remain unused.

> Also moving that NOFITY to the encrypted IKE_AUTH packet will
> prevent passive attackers of getting the information about the IP
> addresses and ports used in case host behind NAT is configured to
> try first with NO_NATS_ALLOWED before falling back and enabling
> NAT-T. It will also make the attacker acting as a NAT between two
> hosts bit harder, as if it is sent inside the IKE_SA_INIT, attacker
> can simply flip a bit inside the NO_NATS_ALLOWED payload to cause
> DoS, otherwise he need to flip bit in the IP-address or ports, which
> requires it to catch the return packet and forward it to the
> original requestor to cause attack. It is not much, but offers again
> a bit more protection against attacks.

A host that is worried about an attack as obscure as this is IMHO
unlikely to have a policy "first try without NAT-T; but if there's 
a NAT, enable NAT-T".

Furthermore, moving the payload doesn't actually prevent anything.
If there's no NAT, the addresses are visible in the IP header.
If there is a NAT, and the host behind NAT falls back to NAT-T, 
the eavesdropper can get the addresses anyway with a quite trivial 
amount of computation (as is already pointed out in the IKEv2 spec,
hashing does not prevent NAT detection payloads from leaking the 
internal addresses).

Best regards,
Pasi
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I've gone through the comments posted on the mailing list so 
far, and filed them as 21 separate issues in the issue list:
http://www.vpnc.org/ietf-mobike/issues.html

(It also seems that my instructions on how the comments should be 
sent were quite poorly written, since almost everyone understood 
them exactly the opposite way I had intended... :-)

Most of the issues seem to be mainly editorial, suggesting that 
the existing text should be clarified in some places. This hopefully 
means the protocol itself is in a good shape. We also received
several reviews from outside the WG, another good thing.

Some reviewers also sent general observations (suggesting neither
editorial nor technical changes) or questions asking how the protocol
works or why it was designed this way.  I have stored these comments
in the issue list along with the others. However, we should try to
identify these kind of comments and marked the as "closed" soon -- at
this phase, the issue list should IMHO contain only things that may
need to be changed in the document before sending it to IETF last
call.

Best regards,
Pasi
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Tero Kivinen wrote:
> 1)
> 
> In section 3.2. the second example should probably clarify that
> the exchange in step 3 is successful, i.e. the responder do
> respond to that in this example protocol run (as can be seen from
> the return packet sent by the responder, but the text below it
> gives feeling that it failed ("initiator gives up")).
>
> Perhaps there should also be example where that exchange is not
> successful.

Hmm... the example was written by Jari, but I suspect the intention
was that step 3 is not successful (the initiator doesn't receive a
reply -- but then step 4 is wrong, as the initiator has to continue
retransmitting the first request).

Jari, could you clarify?

<snip>

> 4)
> 
> The last sentence in the section 4.5 should say
> 
>     Similarly, a simple "VPN gateway" that has only a single
>     address, and is not going to change it, does not need to send
>     or process ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.
> 
> It needs to understand them so much it can ignore them.

Yes, but that's already required by IKEv2 ("Notify payloads 
with status types ... MUST be ignored if not recognized.").

<snip>

> 5)
> 
> In section 4.6 the paragraph:
> 
>    Any INFORMATIONAL exchange can be used for return routability
>    purposes, with one exception: when a valid response is
>    received, we know the other party can receive packets at the
>    claimed address.
>
> should probably tell what is the one exception... Or more exactly 
> what that paragraph is trying to tell us?

OK, I'll try to clarify that the exception here refers to
the last paragraph of 4.6.

> 6)
> 
> Perhaps the section 4.7 should also mention that DPD packets can
> also include UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES in case the initiator suspects
> that the NAT mapping has changed, and that will save one round
> trip.

Hmm, yes, I had intended to include that already in -03, but
somehow that was forgotten. How about adding this to the 3rd
paragraph?

   If the initiator suspects that the NAT mapping has changed,  
   it MAY also skip the detection step and send UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES 
   immediately. This saves one roundtrip if the NAT mapping 
   has indeed changed.   

<snip>

> 9) 
>
> I agree with the previous proposal that we should split those
> notifies to error and status notifies, and have separate section
> for each of those.

I'm wondering why?  To me it seems the only reader of this spec who
needs to know about the error/status distinction is IANA (and that's
already covered in the IANA considerations section)...

(But if there's a good reason to do it, maybe we could re-arrange
the subsections in Section 5 to, say, list those notifications
whose number comes from the status type range first.)

> 10)
> 
> The section 5.7 of the NO_NATS_ALLOWED could have a bit more 
> text explaining the exact data put in, i.e. something like
>
>	     Data = src-ip (4 or 16 bytes) | src-port (2 bytes) |
>	            dst-ip (4 or 16 bytes) | dst-port (2 bytes)
>
>      All data is stored in the network byte order without any
>      padding. The lenght of the data is 12 bytes for IPv4, and 36
>      bytes for the IPv6.

Ok, will be clarified with something along those lines.

> 11)
> 
> The section 6.1 should probably also mention that NO_NATS_ALLOWED
> might be used with IPv6 in general, where NATs are not (yet) used.

I think IPv6 implementations will often need to support NAT
traversal anyway, because UDP is more likely to get through
stateful firewalls than plain ESP... 

But yes, perhaps IPv6 could be mentioned there anyway.  How 
about rephrasing that to "This feature is mainly intendeed for 
IPv6 and site-to-site VPN cases, where..."?

> 12)
> 
> The section 6.5 should mention that those information is
> generally available only for the other peer, not to the passive
> listeners (it is encrypted). There is two (or one if we move the
> NO_NATS_ALLOWED) exceptions to the rule: NAT_DETECTION_*_IP
> packets of the IKE_SA_INIT and the NO_NATS_ALLOWED (if sent
> inside the IKE_SA_INIT). Those payloads having IP-address
> information is sent in clear.

How about adding this to the end of the 5th paragraph of 6.5:

  Furthermore, the ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS notifications are sent
  encrypted, so the addresses are not visible to eavesdroppers
  (unless, of course, they are later used for sending IKEv2/IPsec
  traffic).

NO_NATS_ALLOWED is a bit different: since it's used only when we 
know beforehand that there are no NATs, so it contains the same 
address as the IP header -- so encrypting it does not provide
anything extra...

Best regards,
Pasi
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
>    The Notify Message Type for MOBIKE_SUPPORTED is TBD-BY-IANA1.  The
>    Protocol ID and SPI Size fields are set to zero.  The notification
>    data field MUST be left empty (zero-length) when sending, and its
>    contents (if any) MUST be ignored when this notification is
>    received. This allows the field to be used by future versions of
>    this protocol.

Perfect for me.

Actually I would like that to be the default case for most of the
notify payloads, if we could change the IKEv2 draft I think we should
put that to the generic notify payload processing, but for that I am
too late... 
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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From: Tero Kivinen <kivinen@iki.fi>
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue 60: Addresses in IKE_SA_INIT/AUTH (was: Comments
	of draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-04.txt)
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
> Tero Kivinen wrote:
> 
> > 2)
> >
> > In section 4.2 we should always take the IP-addresses from the
> > IKE_AUTH request, as there might be multiple IKE_SA_INIT request,
> > and some of those might not create state at all (cookie,
> > invalid_ke_payload). I think it would be simplier to say that the
> > IP-addresses are always taken from the IP header of the IKE_AUTH
> > packet having SA payload (regardless of the NAT-T or no NAT-T).
> >
> > In normal IKEv2 this does not matter, as if no NAT-T is used then
> > the IP address must stay same, and if NAT-T is used then we take the
> > last packet seen and use the IP-addresses from there. In Mobike we
> > do need to define the exact time what IP-address is used, and I
> > think the packet having the ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESSES would be the most
> > logical choise (i.e. the IKE_AUTH packet having the SA payload).
> 
> There's a reason why I wrote it that way: when not doing NAT-T, 
> the address should be taken from the same packet which contains
> NO_NATS_ALLOWED. And it seems that putting NO_NATS_ALLOWED in
> IKE_SA_INIT is simpler than IKE_AUTH; see below on this...

That reason is not explained anywhere, thus it is very hard to
understand why it is done that way (i.e. why do we have more
complicated processing here). 

> 
> > The section 4.8 says that NO_NATS_ALLOWED should be put to the
> > IKE_SA_INIT (among other things), but we do want to keep IKE_SA_INIT
> > as small as possible, so I think IKE_AUTH is much better place for
> > that notify. That would also be in sync with my proposed change to
> > the 4.2 where I proposed to say that use the IKE_AUTH packet having
> > SA payload to get the IP address tobe used. NO_NATS_ALLOWED is not
> > needed in the IKE_SA_INIT like NAT_DETECTION_*_IP notifies are, as
> > they do not cause changing of the port numbers for the IKE_AUTH.
> 
> NO_NATS_ALLOWED takes less space than NAT_DETECTION_*_IP payloads,
> so IMHO it's not unreasonable to put it in IKE_SA_INIT.

True, not unreasonable, but I still unnecessary to put them there.

> The real reason to put NO_NATS_ALLOWED in IKE_SA_INIT is that it's
> much simpler to retry the request if we get UNEXPECTED_NAT_DETECTED
> error back. In particular, this text from Section 4.8 would need major
> revision if we take the address from IKE_AUTH:

I do not think there is any difference in the complexity of the retry
even if the NO_NATS_ALLOWED is in the IKE_AUTH, you simply delete half
created IKE SA and start over (from the IKE_SA_INIT) when you get
error in both cases. There will be performance penalty, as we need to
do Diffie-Hellman again, but on the other hand we do not need to add
another test matrix case to test the checking that we take the IP
addresses in IKE_AUTH for NAT-T and from IKE_SA_INIT for non-NAT-T
case. 

The question simply is whether this is felt like being important
enough to have performance optimizations when trying to revert this
attack, and costing more in the code complexity and testing time.
Note, that the whole idea of retrying is something that does not
really make attack that much harder especially in the initial contact
step. If someone can modify one packet he can usually modify all the
packets. Also moving them to IKE_AUTH does make the attack a bit
harder, as now the attacker must be able to get the return packets and
forward them to the real destination.

If we know there was no NAT between us in the first place, then it is
quite safe to assume that such thing does not appear on the path
suddenly, thus retrying is ok for the existing IKE SA (i.e. for the
INFORMATIONAL exchanges).

If the initial contact seems to have NAT between, then it is must
likely going to be real NAT, thus retrying by protocol is not really
useful. We could simply say that the IKE SA initiation fails in that
case, and then when the next trigger packets comes in (or user retries
by pressing "connect" again) we retry the exchange from the beginning
again.

>    If the exchange initiator receives an UNEXPECTED_NAT_DETECTION
>    notification in response to its request, it SHOULD retry the
>    operation several times using new IKE_SA_INIT/INFORMATIONAL requests.
>    This ensures that an attacker who is able to modify only a single
>    packet does not unnecessarily cause a path to remain unused.

The change needed would be something like:

    If the exchange initiator receives an UNEXPECTED_NAT_DETECTION
    notification in response to its INFORMATIONAL request, it SHOULD
    retry the operation several times using new INFORMATIONAL
    requests. This ensures that an attacker who is able to modify only
    a single packet does not unnecessarily cause a path to remain
    unused. If initiator receives UNEXPECTED_NAT_DETECTION during IKE
    SA creation (i.e. in IKE_AUTH state), then it should abort the IKE
    SA creation, and retry it later when it gets next trigger for that
    connection.

>From the code point of view, that retry does not need any new code,
simply fail the IKE SA and other parts of the code will already take
care of the retry.

Actually sending UNEXPECTED_NAT_DETECTION during IKE SA creation is
quite useless, as it cannot be authenticated, and also if the
initiator wants to ignore those error notifications and continue
retrying regardless of them. So why do we send those notifies in the
first place? Only benefit they will give is to inform the initiator
that there was attacker between him and the responder. There is
really nothing initiator can do for that, except retry. If his policy
does not allow NATs between, then he will not enable NAT-T even when
there would be NAT between, thus he will be just out of connectivity.

> > Also moving that NOFITY to the encrypted IKE_AUTH packet will
> > prevent passive attackers of getting the information about the IP
> > addresses and ports used in case host behind NAT is configured to
> > try first with NO_NATS_ALLOWED before falling back and enabling
> > NAT-T. It will also make the attacker acting as a NAT between two
> > hosts bit harder, as if it is sent inside the IKE_SA_INIT, attacker
> > can simply flip a bit inside the NO_NATS_ALLOWED payload to cause
> > DoS, otherwise he need to flip bit in the IP-address or ports, which
> > requires it to catch the return packet and forward it to the
> > original requestor to cause attack. It is not much, but offers again
> > a bit more protection against attacks.
> 
> A host that is worried about an attack as obscure as this is IMHO
> unlikely to have a policy "first try without NAT-T; but if there's 
> a NAT, enable NAT-T".

I agree that the revealing of the IP addresses is not very serious
case, but there are people who consider that unacceptable (that is why
the NAT-T uses hashes, as people did consider leaking the IP-addresses
a problem). If we leak them again here, there needs to be at least
security considerations section explaining the issue, and also explain
why we require them to be sent in clear when they could also be sent
as encrypted (i.e. hidden from passive attackers).

> Furthermore, moving the payload doesn't actually prevent anything.
> If there's no NAT, the addresses are visible in the IP header.
> If there is a NAT, and the host behind NAT falls back to NAT-T, 
> the eavesdropper can get the addresses anyway with a quite trivial 
> amount of computation (as is already pointed out in the IKEv2 spec,
> hashing does not prevent NAT detection payloads from leaking the 
> internal addresses).

True, that is mentioned in the IKEv2 spec, and its implications are
explained there. We are now adding another case, so we need to explain
it in the security considerations section. There is nothing about
NO_NATS_ALLOWED in the security considerations now.

Hmm... I got completely new idea, dont know if it is good or bad, but
how about adding the flag in the IKE generic header flags field to tell
that include IP-addresses and ports to the MAC. Then we wouldn't need
to send those IP-addresses/ports at all, and the responder would
simply ignore all packets having wrong MAC (i.e. modified IP-addresses
or ports).

Either end could put that bit in case they want to make sure the
IP-addresses are protected (i.e when they would send NO_NATS_ALLOWED).
Hmm.. the problem with that is that it is not backward compatible,
i.e. if the other end does not support MOBIKE, then he do not know
about flag, thus will not be able to calculate the MAC correctly.

So ignore that suggestion (this would probably have been the way to do
it if we would still be modifying IKEv2 draft).
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
> (It also seems that my instructions on how the comments should be 
> sent were quite poorly written, since almost everyone understood 
> them exactly the opposite way I had intended... :-)

I did try to separate each comment to separate section, but didn't
want to start sending dozen of separate emails to the list. 
-- 
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
> > 5)
> > 
> > In section 4.6 the paragraph:
> > 
> >    Any INFORMATIONAL exchange can be used for return routability
> >    purposes, with one exception: when a valid response is
> >    received, we know the other party can receive packets at the
> >    claimed address.
> >
> > should probably tell what is the one exception... Or more exactly 
> > what that paragraph is trying to tell us?
> 
> OK, I'll try to clarify that the exception here refers to
> the last paragraph of 4.6.

Ok, now I know what the exception is... I didn't know what the
exception was before, that was why I asked it there...
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[trying to now answer via separate emails]

Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
> > 4)
> > 
> > The last sentence in the section 4.5 should say
> > 
> >     Similarly, a simple "VPN gateway" that has only a single
> >     address, and is not going to change it, does not need to send
> >     or process ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.
> > 
> > It needs to understand them so much it can ignore them.
> 
> Yes, but that's already required by IKEv2 ("Notify payloads 
> with status types ... MUST be ignored if not recognized.").

Yes, but as we are working over IKEv2, we can also change some of the
requirements, just wanted to make sure that we are not going to lower
that restriction specified in the IKEv2 document here.  
-- 
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
> > 6)
> > 
> > Perhaps the section 4.7 should also mention that DPD packets can
> > also include UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES in case the initiator suspects
> > that the NAT mapping has changed, and that will save one round
> > trip.
> 
> Hmm, yes, I had intended to include that already in -03, but
> somehow that was forgotten. How about adding this to the 3rd
> paragraph?
> 
>    If the initiator suspects that the NAT mapping has changed,  
>    it MAY also skip the detection step and send UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES 
>    immediately. This saves one roundtrip if the NAT mapping 
>    has indeed changed.   

Sounds good. 
-- 
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
> > 9) 
> >
> > I agree with the previous proposal that we should split those
> > notifies to error and status notifies, and have separate section
> > for each of those.
> 
> I'm wondering why?  To me it seems the only reader of this spec who
> needs to know about the error/status distinction is IANA (and that's
> already covered in the IANA considerations section)...
> 
> (But if there's a good reason to do it, maybe we could re-arrange
> the subsections in Section 5 to, say, list those notifications
> whose number comes from the status type range first.)

Because as you said in the earlier, unknown status notifications are
ignored, and unknown error notifications cause request to fail
entirely. So there is difference for them in the processing point of
view too. Thats why it might be good idea to also keep them separate
in the documentation too.
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
> > 11)
> > 
> > The section 6.1 should probably also mention that NO_NATS_ALLOWED
> > might be used with IPv6 in general, where NATs are not (yet) used.
> 
> I think IPv6 implementations will often need to support NAT
> traversal anyway, because UDP is more likely to get through
> stateful firewalls than plain ESP... 
> 
> But yes, perhaps IPv6 could be mentioned there anyway.  How 
> about rephrasing that to "This feature is mainly intendeed for 
> IPv6 and site-to-site VPN cases, where..."?

That would be enough for me.
-- 
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
> NO_NATS_ALLOWED is a bit different: since it's used only when we 
> know beforehand that there are no NATs, so it contains the same 
> address as the IP header -- so encrypting it does not provide
> anything extra...

I disagree with that. How can we know there is no NAT between
beforehand? We have not tested the path or anything, so we do not know
if there is NAT or not. We can hope there is no NAT, as if there is
one, then we cannot establish connection, but we cannot know anything
about presense of NATs.

Even if our configurations says there must not be NATs between us, it
does not mean that this is necessarely true, and it does not mean that
we can reveal the IP-addresses to the listeners.
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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Tero Kivinen wrote:
> 
> Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
> > NO_NATS_ALLOWED is a bit different: since it's used only when we 
> > know beforehand that there are no NATs, so it contains the same 
> > address as the IP header -- so encrypting it does not provide
> > anything extra...
> 
> I disagree with that. How can we know there is no NAT between
> beforehand? We have not tested the path or anything, so we do not know
> if there is NAT or not. We can hope there is no NAT, as if there is
> one, then we cannot establish connection, but we cannot know anything
> about presense of NATs.
> 
> Even if our configurations says there must not be NATs between us, it
> does not mean that this is necessarely true, and it does not mean that
> we can reveal the IP-addresses to the listeners.

NO_NATS_ALLOWED means that your policy is not to use the link if it
contains a NAT. IMHO this policy implies that you're not especially
concerned about revealing your IP address.

(And like I already mentioned in the mail about issue 60, NAT Traversal
reveals the addresses, too, as is clearly said in the IKEv2 spec.)

Best regards,
Pasi
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From: Tero Kivinen <kivinen@iki.fi>
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue 59: Editorial comments from Tero (was:
	Commentsof draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-04.txt)
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
> Tero Kivinen wrote:
> > 
> > Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
> > > NO_NATS_ALLOWED is a bit different: since it's used only when we 
> > > know beforehand that there are no NATs, so it contains the same 
> > > address as the IP header -- so encrypting it does not provide
> > > anything extra...
> > 
> > I disagree with that. How can we know there is no NAT between
> > beforehand? We have not tested the path or anything, so we do not know
> > if there is NAT or not. We can hope there is no NAT, as if there is
> > one, then we cannot establish connection, but we cannot know anything
> > about presense of NATs.
> > 
> > Even if our configurations says there must not be NATs between us, it
> > does not mean that this is necessarely true, and it does not mean that
> > we can reveal the IP-addresses to the listeners.
> 
> NO_NATS_ALLOWED means that your policy is not to use the link if it
> contains a NAT. IMHO this policy implies that you're not especially
> concerned about revealing your IP address.

I might not be that much concerned, but the network I am using might
be concerned. I personally think that the internal IP-address space
used in any network do not have any security implications, so we can
freely tell it to the world. Some people do not feel that way, and
they might not like that misconfigured machines will tell the internal
IP-addresses out.

I mean if the employee actually goes and actively posts all the
ip-address information to the public web-page he can be fired because
he violated the company policy. If the employee has misconfigured
IPsec client for that environment (but completely valid configuration
in other environments) he really cannot be fired because of that...

If there is anybody who feel that IP-addresses needs to be proteced,
the same person will also want them to be protected even in case the
user using his network has a configuration error in his machine. 

> (And like I already mentioned in the mail about issue 60, NAT Traversal
> reveals the addresses, too, as is clearly said in the IKEv2 spec.)

Digging out the IP-addresses from IKEv2 packets is a bit more work
than simply getting reading them from the net. I mean it is actually
much cheaper to act as a man in the middle in the exchange and check
out the ID payload, than to dig out the IP-addresses used in the
NAT-T. On the other hand storing all the NO_NATS_ALLOWED packets going
past you in the net is again much cheaper than either one of those two.
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue 59: Editorial comments from Tero
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Tero Kivinen:
> Because as you said in the earlier, unknown status notifications are
> ignored, and unknown error notifications cause request to fail
> entirely. So there is difference for them in the processing point of
> view too. Thats why it might be good idea to also keep them separate
> in the documentation too.

That processing applies to _unknown_ notifications: anyone implementing
this spec will process them as described in this spec, and he/she
doesn't have to know which type they are.

But OK, I'll add something to the beginning of Section 5 to make
this distinction...

BR,
Pasi
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Francis Dupont wrote:
> - in 1 page 3
> 
>    IKEv2 is used for performing mutual authentication and establishing
>    and maintaining IPsec Security Associations (SAs).
> 
> => too many "and"s

Ok, I'll rephrase that.

> - in 3.1 page 5
> 
>   Making the decision at the initiator is consistent with how normal
>   IKEv2 works: the initiator decides which addresses it uses when
>   contacting the responder.  It also makes sense, especially when the
>   initiator is the mobile node: it is in a better position to decide
>   which of its network interfaces should be used for both upstream and
>   downstream traffic.
>
> => as this has some limitations IMHO there should be a pointer to
> the section 3.4 "Limitations".

Earlier I've received comments that the document has too many pointers
back and forth, so I've tried to avoid them (unless the paragraph will
be difficult to understand with them).  Here section 3.4 just provides
some additional information the reader doesn't yet need at this point,
and she/he will get to that section eventually :)

> - in 3.2 page 6 and others
>
>      Initiator                  Responder
>     -----------                -----------
>   1) HDR, SAi1, KEi, Ni,
>           N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP)  -->
>
>                            <--  HDR, SAr1, KEr, Nr,
>                                      N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP)
>   ...
>
> => I believe the illustration needs the IP addresses and ports from
> IP and UDP headers. If someone finds a good way to add them, the 
> whole stuff will become far more readable.

Yes, that's a good suggestion. How about something like this:

   1) (IP_I1:500 -> IP_R1:500) 
      HDR, SAi1, KEi, Ni,
           N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP)  -->

                            <--  (IP_R1:500 -> IP_I1:500)
                                 HDR, SAr1, KEr, Nr,
                                      N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP)
   <snip>

   3) (IP_I2:500 -> IP_R1:500)
      HDR, SK { N(UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES),
                N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP) }  -->

That is, use IP_I1,IP_I2,,.. for initiator addresses and IP_R1,IP_R2,...
for responder addresses...?

> - in 4.3 page 10
> 
>    Note that if some of the initiator's interfaces are behind a
>    NAT (from the responder's point of view), the addresses
>    received by the responder will be incorrect.  This means the
>    procedure for changing responder addresses described in
>    Section 4.5 does not fully work when the initiator is behind a
>    NAT.  For the same reason, the peers also SHOULD NOT use this
>    information for any other purposes than what is explicitly
>    described in this document.
> 
> => I have a problem with "this document". I propose to relax it in
> "MOBIKE documents".

How about rephrasing that to "...for any other purpose than what is
explicitly described either in this document or a future specification
updating it" ?

> - in 4.4 page 11
>
>   The reasons why the initiator wishes to change the addresses
>   are largely beyond the scope of MOBIKE.  Typically, triggers
>   include information received from lower layers, such as changes
>   in IP addresses or link-down indications.  Some of this
>   information can be unreliable: for instance, ICMP messages
>   could be spoofed by an attacker.  Unreliable information itself
>   MUST NOT be used to conclude than an update is needed: instead,
>   the initiator SHOULD trigger dead peer detection (that is, send
>   an INFORMATIONAL request).  
>
> => this at the first read seems to conflict with path testing
> (4.9).  IMHO some clarification is needed, I propose something
> like (after "an update is needed") "because the current path
> seems to be no more usable"...

Hmm, yes, the paragraph needs some clarification. In some sense, 
most of the information available to the host is to some degree 
unreliable, and there's no way to avoid using some of that.

How about rewriting the last sentence as follows?

   "Unreliable information SHOULD be treated only as a hint that there
   might be a problem, and the initiator SHOULD trigger dead peer
   detection (that is, send an INFORMATIONAL request) to determine if
   the current path is still usable."

<snip>

> - in 4.6 page 15
>
>   To ensure that the peer cannot generate the correct
>   INFORMATIONAL response without seeing the request, a new
>   payload is added to INFORMATIONAL messages.  The sender of an
>   INFORMATIONAL request MAY include a COOKIE2 notification, and
>   if included, the recipient of an INFORMATIONAL request MUST
>   copy the notification as-is to the response.  When processing
>   the response, the original sender MUST verify that the value is
>   the same one as sent.  If the values do not match, the IKE_SA
>   MUST be closed.
>
> => there is no explanation about COOKIE2, I propose an explicit
> pointer to section 5.6.

Ok, will be added.

> - in 4.9 page 17

>   IKEv2 Dead Peer Detection allows the peers to detect if the
>   currently used path has stopped working.  However, if either of
>   the peers has several addresses, Dead Peer Detection alone does
>   not tell which of the other paths might work.
>
> => this text is fine but perhaps a bit late in the document
> (i.e., path testing should be in the overview too)?

Since this is not really new to MOBIKE, but just explains that
the existing Informational exchange works, I'm not sure
if adding more forward pointers would make any difference
to the reader?

> - in 5
>
> => I believe "notification" is better English than "notify" but
> as the IKEv2 document uses "notify payloads"...

I've tried to make this reasonably consistent with the IKEv2 spec
(but yes, IKEv2 could have been more consistent itself :-).

<snip>

> - in 6.1 page 20
>
>   MOBIKE introduces the NO_NATS_ALLOWED notification that is used
>   to detect modification, by outsiders, of the addresses in the
>   IP header.  When this notification is used, communication
>   through NATs and other address translators is impossible, so it
>   is sent only when not doing NAT Traversal.  This feature is
>   mainly intended for site-to-site VPN cases, where the
>   administrators may know beforehand that valid NATs are not
>   present, and thus any modification to the packet can be
>   considered an attack.
>
> => IPv6 environments are other obvious candidates for
> NO_NATS_ALLOWED!

Yes, Tero also pointed this out (see issue 59 for my proposal
for text).

Best regards,
Pasi
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In-reply-to: Your message of Fri, 21 Oct 2005 15:06:54 +0300.
	<B356D8F434D20B40A8CEDAEC305A1F2401A71F11@esebe105.NOE.Nokia.com> 
Date: Fri, 21 Oct 2005 18:09:35 +0200
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue 62: Editorial comments from Francis (was: review
	of draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-04.txt)
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   > => as this has some limitations IMHO there should be a pointer to
   > the section 3.4 "Limitations".
   
   Earlier I've received comments that the document has too many pointers
   back and forth, so I've tried to avoid them (unless the paragraph will
   be difficult to understand with them).
   
=> this is a matter of taste: with pointers you have to turn pages when
you read the document, without pointers you have to read it twice to
catch the whole thing... I don't know what is the best for everybody,
for me it is the first (pointers).

   > => I believe the illustration needs the IP addresses and ports from
   > IP and UDP headers. If someone finds a good way to add them, the 
   > whole stuff will become far more readable.
   
   Yes, that's a good suggestion. How about something like this:
   
      1) (IP_I1:500 -> IP_R1:500) 
         HDR, SAi1, KEi, Ni,
              N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP)  -->
   
                               <--  (IP_R1:500 -> IP_I1:500)
                                    HDR, SAr1, KEr, Nr,
                                         N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP)
      <snip>
   
      3) (IP_I2:500 -> IP_R1:500)
         HDR, SK { N(UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES),
                   N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP) }  -->
   
   That is, use IP_I1,IP_I2,,.. for initiator addresses and IP_R1,IP_R2,...
   for responder addresses...?
   
=> this seems fine, thanks!

   > - in 4.3 page 10
   > 
   >    Note that if some of the initiator's interfaces are behind a
   >    NAT (from the responder's point of view), the addresses
   >    received by the responder will be incorrect.  This means the
   >    procedure for changing responder addresses described in
   >    Section 4.5 does not fully work when the initiator is behind a
   >    NAT.  For the same reason, the peers also SHOULD NOT use this
   >    information for any other purposes than what is explicitly
   >    described in this document.
   > 
   > => I have a problem with "this document". I propose to relax it in
   > "MOBIKE documents".
   
   How about rephrasing that to "...for any other purpose than what is
   explicitly described either in this document or a future specification
   updating it" ?
   
=> in the documents I thought about the "transport mode" one which uses
the additional addresses but can't be qualified as "updating".
I believe my proposal is better (and simpler/shorter).

   Hmm, yes, the paragraph needs some clarification. In some sense, 
   most of the information available to the host is to some degree 
   unreliable, and there's no way to avoid using some of that.
   
   How about rewriting the last sentence as follows?
   
      "Unreliable information SHOULD be treated only as a hint that there
      might be a problem, and the initiator SHOULD trigger dead peer
      detection (that is, send an INFORMATIONAL request) to determine if
      the current path is still usable."
   
   <snip>
   
=> fine.

   > - in 4.9 page 17
   
   >   IKEv2 Dead Peer Detection allows the peers to detect if the
   >   currently used path has stopped working.  However, if either of
   >   the peers has several addresses, Dead Peer Detection alone does
   >   not tell which of the other paths might work.
   >
   > => this text is fine but perhaps a bit late in the document
   > (i.e., path testing should be in the overview too)?
   
   Since this is not really new to MOBIKE, but just explains that
   the existing Informational exchange works, I'm not sure
   if adding more forward pointers would make any difference
   to the reader?
   
=> it was just a suggession.

   > => IPv6 environments are other obvious candidates for
   > NO_NATS_ALLOWED!
   
   Yes, Tero also pointed this out (see issue 59 for my proposal
   for text).
   
=> I'll try to reread all the other comments in time.

Thanks

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the IKEv2 Mobility and Multihoming Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Design of the MOBIKE Protocol
	Author(s)	: T. Kivinen, H. Tschofenig
	Filename	: draft-ietf-mobike-design-04.txt
	Pages		: 35
	Date		: 2005-10-21
	
The MOBIKE (IKEv2 Mobility and Multihoming) working group is
   developing extensions for the Internet Key Exchange Protocol version
   2 (IKEv2).  These extensions should enable an efficient management of
   IKE and IPsec Security Associations when a host possesses multiple IP
   addresses and/or where IP addresses of an IPsec host change over time
   (for example, due to mobility).

   This document discusses the involved network entities, and the
   relationship between IKEv2 signaling and information provided by
   other protocols.  Design decisions for the MOBIKE protocol,
   background information and discussions within the working group are
   recorded.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-mobike-design-04.txt

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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Sat Oct 22 02:59:24 2005
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Internet-Drafts@ietf.org writes:
> A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
> This draft is a work item of the IKEv2 Mobility and Multihoming Working Group of the IETF.
> 
> 	Title		: Design of the MOBIKE Protocol
> 	Author(s)	: T. Kivinen, H. Tschofenig
> 	Filename	: draft-ietf-mobike-design-04.txt
> 	Pages		: 35
> 	Date		: 2005-10-21
> 	
> The MOBIKE (IKEv2 Mobility and Multihoming) working group is
>    developing extensions for the Internet Key Exchange Protocol version
>    2 (IKEv2).  These extensions should enable an efficient management of
>    IKE and IPsec Security Associations when a host possesses multiple IP
>    addresses and/or where IP addresses of an IPsec host change over time
>    (for example, due to mobility).
> 
>    This document discusses the involved network entities, and the
>    relationship between IKEv2 signaling and information provided by
>    other protocols.  Design decisions for the MOBIKE protocol,
>    background information and discussions within the working group are
>    recorded.

In this new version of the design draft, there is some mostly
rewritten sections about the choosing addresses and about NAT
traversal, some of the other parts are reorganized, and quite a lot of
text was also removed. So when reading this through, better keep that
in mind, i.e. even when you remember that the old version had
something about issue X later, do not assume so, but check it if you
think the issue X needs to be in the draft.

One change that I didn't yet do for this version was to check out the
terminology, and the need for that. There was a suggestion that we do
not need that section at all, but removing that would have required
rewriting the scenarios and scope sections also, so I decided not to
do it on this version.

This document is trying to give some background and design information
why we ended up using certaing method in the actual protocol document.
I.e. the protocol document should say we do X, and this document is
trying to tell why we ended up doing X, and what were the other
options, and why they were not selected.
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Sat Oct 22 13:04:15 2005
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue 59: Editorial comments from Tero (was: Comments
 of draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-04.txt)
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

>>In section 3.2. the second example should probably clarify that
>>the exchange in step 3 is successful, i.e. the responder do
>>respond to that in this example protocol run (as can be seen from
>>the return packet sent by the responder, but the text below it
>>gives feeling that it failed ("initiator gives up")).
>>
>>Perhaps there should also be example where that exchange is not
>>successful.
>>    
>>
>
>Hmm... the example was written by Jari, but I suspect the intention
>was that step 3 is not successful (the initiator doesn't receive a
>reply -- but then step 4 is wrong, as the initiator has to continue
>retransmitting the first request).
>
>Jari, could you clarify?
>  
>
It was indeed intention that the return packet in step 3
would be lost. We forgot to draw this in the flow, however.
I have used something like

                                            REQ
                  ------------------------------------------------>
                                            RESP
                                 /----------------------------------

elsewhere. But the real question is I guess step 4
correctness. Yes, I actually thought that we could
switch to another request, but as you point out,
this is incorrect. Hmm... this means that we can't
piggyback the RR test/cookie2 all of a sudden. Oh
well, that means another roundtrip in this case.
Retransmit the step 3 packet to a different address,
then do an RR test separately.

--Jari

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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Sat Oct 22 13:33:25 2005
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The following is my understanding of what the issue
situation is. We need to work hard until I-D submission
deadline on monday to get all these resolved with
detailed text changes. Please comment on the issues
and continue the discussion where necessary. Most
importantly, post text.

Also, let me know if the classification below is incorrect
for some issue(s).

---

Technical issues without solution and discussion hasn't ended:

  68 - minimal conformance requirements
  63 - extensibility and payload
  60 - addresses in ike sa_init/auth

Technical issues without proposed text but discussion
has converged (or is uncontroversial)

  67 - certain vs. possible changed address info
  66 - imprecise explanation of what nat cases are not supported
  61 - version number, again
  57 - question about initiator decides
         (we're not reversing an earlier decision. but is
         there a specific text change needed? I did not
         see it, but...)
  55 - mobike scope and limitations
  52 - security of address updates
  51 - spi collisions
  45 - clarifications on security considerations
         (I will propose the remaining text)
  44 - nat changes and ike rekey
         (we just need to note the limitation, nothing else we
         can do)

Technical issues that have proposed text and discussion
has converged
 
  69 - rr requirements
         (aligning text to prior agreement on issues)
  56 - ingress filtering
         (we've already decided that unidirectional is not
         supported -- even with impacts to some ingress filtering
         cases)
  47 - more comments from mohan
         (or is some part still being discussed?)

Editorial comments without proposed text

  65 - jari's editorial issues
         (I will propose text)
  64 - stephane's editorial issues
  59 - tero's editorial comments
         (some text exists, not all)
  58 - deleting an address
         (note: we are not reopening the discussion
         on diff/overwrite semantics. but there may be
         a clarification needed.)
  54 - marcelo's editorial comments

Editorial comments with proposed text

  62 - editorial comments from francis
  53 - editorial comments from pete
  50 - more editorial comments from maureen
  49 - editorial comments from maureen
  48 - editorial comments from james
         (mostly has text, but is some part missing?)
  46 - question about additional addresses
         (has proposed text. note that there's a link to
         one of parts of issue 68)

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From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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>>   Note that both peers can have their own policies about what addresses
>>   are acceptable to use.  A minimal "mobile client" could have a policy
>>   that says that only the responder's address specified in local
>>   configuration is acceptable.  This kind of client does not have to
>>   send or process ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.  Similarly, a
>>   simple "VPN gateway" that has only a single address, and is not going
>>   to change it, does not need to send or understand
>>   ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.
>>  
>>
>I think we discussed this previously (and I have not
>yet checked what the result of that discussion was).
>However, the above client text sounds a bit too flexible
>in my opinion.
>
I checked issue #46 where we discussed this before.
The conclusion appeared to be that for the gateway the
current text is OK. On the client part I don't think we
decided anything.

However, when thinking about this it seems that even
the gateway part is suspect. It is true that you don't
need the additional addresses on a gateway that is
a responder. However, if this gateway is working in
gateway-to-gateway mode and is an initiator towards
the peer gateway which has multiple addresses, then
we need it.

We could try to describe all this, but I think the cost
of that is greater than simply saying that nodes that
conform to this specification need to be able to understand
the additional addresses. It is another matter what needs
to be sent.

Here's a proposed text change:

   Note that both peers can have their own policies about what addresses
   are acceptable to use.  A minimal "mobile client" could have a policy
   that says that only the responder's address specified in local
   configuration is acceptable.  This kind of client does not have to
   send or process ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.  Similarly, a
   simple "VPN gateway" that has only a single address, and is not going
   to change it, does not need to send or understand
   ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.

=>

   Note that a node that has only a single address at any given time
   does not need to send ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications, but
   all nodes that support this specification must understand the reception
   of such notifications. However, nodes MAY have their own policies
   about what addresses are acceptable to use.

--Jari

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To: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
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Subject: [Mobike] 63 - extensibility and payload
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>
>
>- about 4.4: if/when we'd like to extend the mechanism, two things
>seem to be interesting:
> - the capability to move to another addresses (than the addresses in
>   the IP header of the message), for instance for network controlled
>   mobility.
> - the capability to limit the update to a SA set (i.e., partial update).
>Both will be easier with a payload...
>  
>

I agree that there are potentially interesting extensions,
such as some kind of network control or limiting the SA
set. As we have decided earlier, these are indeed future
extensions and not a part of the initial base RFC.

But lets talk about what design is best to accommodate for
such future extensions. In both cases that you mention,
it seems that the addition of a payload (with appropriate
previous capability negotiation) does the job. For instance,
if we would like to design a "limited SA set update" feature,
then in the IKE init phase we can find out if both peers support
that. Then, if this particular movement is a limited update,
we can include a new payload to that effect in the IKE
exchange that tells the peer about the move.

Creating such payload now, however, would change the
design quite a bit and would imho make it hard to support
NATs.

So, I would suggest that there are no text changes needed
for the current document.

--Jari

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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Sun Oct 23 06:26:48 2005
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	<17239.28734.827449.444182@fireball.kivinen.iki.fi>
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Cc: mobike@machshav.com, Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com
Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue 60: Addresses in IKE_SA_INIT/AUTH (was: Comments
 of draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-04.txt)
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Tero Kivinen wrote:

>I agree that the revealing of the IP addresses is not very serious
>case, but there are people who consider that unacceptable (that is why
>the NAT-T uses hashes, as people did consider leaking the IP-addresses
>a problem). If we leak them again here, there needs to be at least
>security considerations section explaining the issue, and also explain
>why we require them to be sent in clear when they could also be sent
>as encrypted (i.e. hidden from passive attackers).
>  
>
We probably need the security considerations text
in any case, because we have ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS.

--Jari

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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Sun Oct 23 06:47:21 2005
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] 68 - minimal conformance requirements
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Jari Arkko wrote:

>Here's a proposed text change:
>
>   Note that both peers can have their own policies about what addresses
>   are acceptable to use.  A minimal "mobile client" could have a policy
>   that says that only the responder's address specified in local
>   configuration is acceptable.  This kind of client does not have to
>   send or process ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.  Similarly, a
>   simple "VPN gateway" that has only a single address, and is not going
>   to change it, does not need to send or understand
>   ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.
>
>=>
>
>   Note that a node that has only a single address at any given time
>   does not need to send ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications, but
>   all nodes that support this specification must understand the reception
>   of such notifications. However, nodes MAY have their own policies
>   about what addresses are acceptable to used.
>  
>
I noticed that Section 6.5 also has some text on this.
Aligning the above proposal with that:

   Note that a node that has only a single address at any given time
   does not need to send ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications, but
   all nodes that support this specification must understand the reception
   of such notifications. However, nodes MAY have their own policies
   about what local or peer addresses are acceptable. One possible
   policy on a client is that it refuses to talk to other gateway
   addresses than the configured one. This policy would imply that
   it should ignore peer's additional addresses, and, since it is
   the initiator, it does not need to send its own additional addresses
   as it will be in charge of all address changes in any case.

--Jari


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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue 60: Addresses in IKE_SA_INIT/AUTH (was: Comments
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Having read through this thread, I tend to agree with
Pasi on this, i.e., take the addresses from where they
are currently taken from and use NO_NATS_ALLOWED
where its currently in.

I do not think the leakage of addresses is an issue, and
if it is, we are already doing it in ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS.
The rest of the issue is really a debate about aesthetics
and complexity of variant 1 or variant 2; personally I think
what's in the document right now seems better.

Here's a suggested addition to the Security Considerations,
Section 6.5, after the fourth paragraph:

The use of NO_NATS_ALLOWED will also disclose the
internal address to the peer, in case NAT was in the path.
However, this has relevance only if the node is configured to first
try with NO_NATS_ALLOWED and only then fallback to
the use of NAT traversal if that fails.

--Jari

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Subject: [Mobike] 67 - certain vs. possible changed address info
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>
>
>>   o  An INFORMATIONAL request containing ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS
>>      notifications is received.  This means the peer's addresses may
>>      have changed.
>>  
>>
>I think we have two cases: the list (and source) either
>contains the addresses that we currently know of and
>use, or they don't. In the former case addresses may
>have changed, but in the latter case they surely have.
>For instance, if the peer sends us a message saying
>that its now in address B instead of A, we really need
>to take that into account, rather than continuing to
>use A.
>
>Suggestion: explain this in the bullet item, or split the
>item in two.
>

Here's some suggested text:

   o  An INFORMATIONAL request containing ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS
      notifications is received.  This means the peer's addresses may
      have changed.

=>

   o  An INFORMATIONAL request containing ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS
       or NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notifications is received.  This means
       the peer's addresses may have changed. This is particularly important
       if the currently used address for peer is no longer in the announced
       set of addresses.

--Jari

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To: MOBIKE Mailing List <mobike@machshav.com>
Subject: [Mobike] 66 - imprecise explanation of what nat cases are not
	supported
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>
>
>>   "Does not fully support" means that no special effort is made to
>>   support this functionality.  However, if the alternative is losing
>>   connectivity completely, the responder can still attempt to proceed
>>   with the change, and depending on, e.g., the exact type of NAT, it
>>   may succeed.  However, analyzing the exact circumstances when this
>>   will or will not work is not done in this document.
>>  
>>
>I'm OK with the text being vague about the type of
>scenarios supported beyond the basic client-inside-NAT
>case. However, the above text appears to say that the
>responder is capable of detecting such situations,
>which I don't think is at least always true.
>

Here's some proposed text:

   "Does not fully support" means that no special effort is made to
   support this functionality.  However, if the alternative is losing
   connectivity completely, the responder can still attempt to proceed
   with the change, and depending on, e.g., the exact type of NAT, it
   may succeed.  However, analyzing the exact circumstances when this
   will or will not work is not done in this document.

=>

   "Does not fully support" means that no special effort is made to
   support this functionality.  Responders may also be unaware of
   NATs or specific types of NATs they are behind. However, when
   a change has occurred that will cause a loss of connectivity,
   MOBIKE responders will still attempt to inform the initiator of the
   change. Depending on, e.g., the exact type of NAT, it may or may
   not succeed.  However, analyzing the exact circumstances when
   this will or will not work is not done in this document.

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	<17239.23735.97798.48217@fireball.kivinen.iki.fi>
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue 61
	(was:	Comments	ofdraft-ietf-mobike-protocol-04.txt)
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Tero Kivinen wrote:

>Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
>  
>
>>   The Notify Message Type for MOBIKE_SUPPORTED is TBD-BY-IANA1.  The
>>   Protocol ID and SPI Size fields are set to zero.  The notification
>>   data field MUST be left empty (zero-length) when sending, and its
>>   contents (if any) MUST be ignored when this notification is
>>   received. This allows the field to be used by future versions of
>>   this protocol.
>>    
>>
>
>Perfect for me.
>  
>
Works for me too.

--Jari

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Subject: Re: [Mobike] 63 - extensibility and payload
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   So, I would suggest that there are no text changes needed
   for the current document.
   
=> my comment was about future (if/when...).

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Sun Oct 23 09:39:04 2005
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Subject: [Mobike] issue 45 - clarifications to security considerations
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Looking at this again...

>- Section 6.1 
>
>The last paragraph talks about NO_NATS_ALLOWED. The attack of
>modifying the header to cause DoS attack is only possible if the
>attacker knows that NO_NATS_ALLOWED is carried within the payload. As
>payloads are encrypted, it may not be that easy always. It is easy if
>it is the IKE_SA_INIT message.It might be worth stating when the
>attack is possible.
>  
>
I think the only thing that Mohan wanted to do was to
explain the condition of the attack that NO_NATS_ALLOWED
protects against. Here's the simple text modification:

   MOBIKE introduces the NO_NATS_ALLOWED notification that is used to
   detect modification, by outsiders, of the addresses in the IP header.
   ...

=>

   MOBIKE introduces the NO_NATS_ALLOWED notification that is used to
   detect modification, by outsiders, of the addresses in the IP header.
   Such modifications can only be performed by attackers who are on
   the path and capable of modifying the IKEv2 and IPsec packets.
   ...

>- Section 6.3
>
>   Normally such attacks would expire in a short time frame due to the
>   lack of responses (such as transport layer acknowledgements) from the
>   victim.  However, as described in [Aura02], malicious participants
>   would typically be able to spoof such acknowledgements and maintain
>   the traffic flow for an extended period of time.
>
>This attack is possible because the victim does not have a valid SA
>for the incoming ESP traffic and never reaches the TCP layer and hence
>no TCP RSTs. Might be worth mentioning here.
>  
>
Add the following text to the end of this paragraph:

  ... Such an attack could also be defeated by use of
  negative acknowledgements, such as TCP RST and ICMP
  errors. However, too eager reliance on such acknowledgements
  has some denial-of-service issues itself. Also, many networks
  filter ICMP messages, and in our case the lack of a valid SA
  in the victim prevents TCP processing of incoming ESP packets.

--Jari

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Right.

Francis Dupont wrote:

> In your previous mail you wrote:
>
>   So, I would suggest that there are no text changes needed
>   for the current document.
>   
>=> my comment was about future (if/when...).
>
>Regards
>
>Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr
>
>
>  
>

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Text proposal:

Section 4.4

     The initiator receives a NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP
     notification that does not match the previous UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES
     response (see Section 4.7 for a more detailed description).

=>

     The initiator receives a NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP
     notification with a value that does not match the value in a
     previous UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES response (see Section 4.7
     for a more detailed description).

     Note that this may cause an extra address update when
     IKE rekeying is in progress, because the NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP
     notification only contains a hash of the address and some
     other values such as the SPIs which change upon IKE rekey.
     Such an extra address update is harmless, however.

--Jari


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Proposed text:

>>In the current
>>   specifications, the IPsec and IKE SAs are created implicitly between
>>   the IP addresses that are used when the IKE_SA is established.
>>
>s/current specifications/base IKEv2 protocol/
>  
>
See above.

>>   user interaction for authentication (entering a code from a token
>>   card, for instance).
>>
>.... authentication, such as entering ...
>  
>
See above.

>>3.1.  Basic Operation
>>
>2nd para: it would be useful to state early that ike exchange
>initiator decides the addresses to use for that exchange. Right
>now you only talk about IPsec addresses. I know this is part of
>ikev2, but the reader may not have the background to understand
>this.
>  
>
   MOBIKE solves this problem by taking a simple approach: the party
   that initiated the IKE_SA ...

=>

   MOBIKE solves this problem by taking a simple approach
   Firstly, for every IKE exchange, the initiator of that exchange
   decides which addresses to use for IKE itself. Secondly, the
   party that initiated the IKE_SA ...

>>3.2.  Example Protocol Runs
>>
>2nd example, Step 3 needs to show that the response is lost.
>
>The 2nd example should also explain better why COOKIE2
>is needed in Step 4.
>  
>
This was already discussed in the context of issue 59 so
I won't add the text here.

>>3.4.  Limitations
>>  
>>
>Probably worthwhile to explain this earlier, maybe as Section
>1.1.
>  
>
Just move it there.

>>4.8.  NAT Prohibition
>>
>This section would benefit from a message flow example.
>
>>   The attackers in this threat can be either outsiders or even one of
>>   the IKEv2 peers.  In usual VPN usage scenarios, attacks by the peers
>>   can be easily dealt with if the authentication performed in the
>>   initial IKEv2 negotiation can be traced to persons who can be held
>>   responsible for the attack.  This may not be the case in all
>>   scenarios, particularly with opportunistic approaches to security.
>>  
>>
>s/persons/persons or devices/?
>
See above.

--Jari

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Thanks again Marcelo for your comments. This is
very useful. There was really a number of subissues:

1) Are multiple address pairs allowed?
2) Are unidirectional address pairs allowed?
3) Multihoming for the establishment phase v.s only later?
3b) If MOBIKE retries in establishment phase, does it vary source address?
4) Initiator vs. responder behind NAT limitations and ADDITIONAL_*_ADDR
5) Is simultaneous movement supported?
6) Are only local failures supported?

I think the consensus has been that we don't want to go
too much in to the reasons of why something is the way
it is in this document (that's the job of the design document).
However, we do need to describe the limitations.

I'll first go through Marcelo's items from above and try
to explain what I think the situation is. At the end I'll
have suggested text for a new limitations section.

1) Are multiple address pairs allowed?

   Yes. Multiple pairs are allowed. Their simultaneous use for
   payload traffic is, however, outside the scope of the document,
   and would probably need extra mechanisms (e.g. ensure its different
   TCP streams) to work well.

2) Are unidirectional address pairs allowed?

   No. Explicit design decision to make things easy.

3) Multihoming for the establishment phase v.s only later?

   MOBIKE is for later phases only, but we can provide some
   guidance on what (limited) things can be done in the
   establishment phase.

3b) If MOBIKE retries in establishment phase, does it vary source address?

  It should. I'm a bit scared here to step on the area that your
  future enhanced RFC 3484 version will say, though. Technically,
  these are components; when 3484bis is available things sudddenly
  start working better.

  But I'll suggest something vague about this.

4) Initiator vs. responder behind NAT limitations and ADDITIONAL_*_ADDR

  This isn't an issue, really, but rather a misunderstanding of
  the text. There's no problem when the initiator (behind NAT) decides 
to use
  new addresses. The problem is when the responder moves; some
  NAT types don't allow this, and it may even be that the addresses
  provided for this emergency in ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS are
  internal, and not reachable by peer.

  I'd say no text changes.

5) Is simultaneous movement supported?

  No. Needs to be documented.

6) Are only local failures supported?

  No. MOBIKE, like SHIM6, supports both lower layers telling
  you that the link went away as well as experienced failures
  in IP communication (IKE DPD vs. SHIM6 reachability packets
  not getting through).

Ok. So here's an attempt at some new text for Section 1.1,
what used to be 3.4 Limitations:

1.1 Limitations

   This document focuses on the main scenario outlined above, and
   supports only tunnel mode.

   The mobility support in MOBIKE allows either party to move,
   but not both at the same time. This implies that MOBIKE is best
   suited for client - gateway or gateway - gateway applications. Two
   mobile clients would find it hard to use MOBIKE directly between
   themselves, and for such applications a gateway is recommended
   between the communicating clients.

   The multihoming support in MOBIKE allows either party to have
   multiple addresses. This specification does not guarantee that
   more than pair of such addresses can be used for payload traffic
   at any one time, however. This implies that load-balancing applications
   are out of scope in the base protocol. Similarly, due to the nature
   of the IKEv2 protocol and NAT considerations, MOBIKE is only guaranteed
   to work correctly over bidirectionally operational address pairs.
   That is, the same pair of addresses is used in both directions. Indeed,
   the protocol mechanisms used to determine reachability of the
   peer ensure that such a pair is in use.

   The MOBIKE protocol can only be used once the IKE SAs have
   been established. This implies that movements or additional
   addresses for the peer can not be discovered until a working
   connection to the peer has been established. This implies that
   the IKE SA establishment phase has limitations with regards to
   initial discovery of alternative addresses, unless those addresses
   are known in the configuration and/or DNS. For details, see
   Section 4.0.

   NATs introduce additional limitations beyond those listed above.
   For details, refer to Section 3.3.

   The base version of the MOBIKE protocol may also not cover all potential
   future use scenarios, such as transport mode, application to securing
   SCTP, or optimizations desirable in specific circumstances.  Future
   extensions may be defined later to support additional requirements.

And a new Section 4.0 between 4. and 4.1:

   4.0 Addresses for the Initial IKE Exchange

   The initiator is responsible for finding a working pair of
   addresses so that the initial IKE exchange can be carried
   out. Any information from MOBIKE extensions will only be
   available later, when the exchange has progressed far enough.

   IKE initiator may retrieve the peer address(es) from various
   sources, such as the outgoing packet that triggered the
   IKE exchange, configuration, or DNS. Similarly, the initiator
   knows its own address(es).
 
   If multiple peer addresses are known, the initiator SHOULD
   vary the destination address in retranmissions, in case the
   address used in the first attempt is inoperational. Similarly,
   if these addresses do not appear to respond, the initiator
   MAY vary the source address it uses for itself, in case there
   is a problem in a particular address prefix or the failure is
   due to an ingress filtering problem.

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Updated list:

Technical issues with proposed text but some discussion may
still be needed:

   68 - minimal conformance requirements
   60 - addresses in ike sa_init/auth

Technical issues without proposed text but discussion
has converged (or is uncontroversial)

   57 - question about initiator decides
          (we're not reversing an earlier decision. but is
          there a specific text change needed? I did not
          see it, but...)
   52 - security of address updates
   51 - spi collisions

Technical issues that have proposed text and discussion
has converged

   69 - rr requirements
          (aligning text to prior agreement on issues)
   67 - certain vs. possible changed address info
   66 - imprecise explanation of what nat cases are not supported
   63 - extensibility and payload
        (no changes needed)
   61 - version number, again
   56 - ingress filtering
          (we've already decided that unidirectional is not
          supported -- even with impacts to some ingress filtering
          cases)
   55 - mobike scope and limitations
   47 - more comments from mohan
          (or is some part still being discussed?)
   45 - clarifications on security considerations
   44 - nat changes and ike rekey

Editorial comments without proposed text

   64 - stephane's editorial issues
   59 - tero's editorial comments
          (some text exists, not all)
   58 - deleting an address
          (note: we are not reopening the discussion
          on diff/overwrite semantics. but there may be
          a clarification needed.)
   54 - marcelo's editorial comments

Editorial comments with proposed text

   65 - jari's editorial issues
        (but make sure 59 is solved too)
   62 - editorial comments from francis
   53 - editorial comments from pete
   50 - more editorial comments from maureen
   49 - editorial comments from maureen
   48 - editorial comments from james
          (mostly has text, but is some part missing?)
   46 - question about additional addresses
          (has proposed text. note that there's a link to
          one of parts of issue 68)

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Jari Arkko writes:
> Here's a proposed text change:
> 
>    Note that both peers can have their own policies about what addresses
>    are acceptable to use.  A minimal "mobile client" could have a policy
>    that says that only the responder's address specified in local
>    configuration is acceptable.  This kind of client does not have to
>    send or process ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.  Similarly, a
>    simple "VPN gateway" that has only a single address, and is not going
>    to change it, does not need to send or understand
>    ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.
> 
> =>
> 
>    Note that a node that has only a single address at any given time
>    does not need to send ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications, but
>    all nodes that support this specification must understand the reception
>    of such notifications. However, nodes MAY have their own policies
>    about what addresses are acceptable to use.

That is ok for me.
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Jari Arkko writes:
> Having read through this thread, I tend to agree with
> Pasi on this, i.e., take the addresses from where they
> are currently taken from and use NO_NATS_ALLOWED
> where its currently in.
> 
> I do not think the leakage of addresses is an issue, and
> if it is, we are already doing it in ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS.
> The rest of the issue is really a debate about aesthetics
> and complexity of variant 1 or variant 2; personally I think
> what's in the document right now seems better.

I have really started to hate different variations in the protocol. It
causes lots of different new tests to be done. In the last interop we
already did around 50 different tests to get through the  basic
exchanges. That didn't include testing different ciphers or macs, only
different variations of the IKE protocol (auth methods, rekeying,
cookies, invalid ke notify, liveness, basic NAT). The more versions of
protocol we have for mobike, the more complex test matrix we need to
generate for it too. 

> Here's a suggested addition to the Security Considerations,
> Section 6.5, after the fourth paragraph:
> 
> The use of NO_NATS_ALLOWED will also disclose the
> internal address to the peer, in case NAT was in the path.
> However, this has relevance only if the node is configured to first
> try with NO_NATS_ALLOWED and only then fallback to
> the use of NAT traversal if that fails.

NO_NATS_ALLOWED discloses the internal address to the WORLD, not to
the peer.

It relevant in case NO_NATS_ALLOWED is ever configured, and that node
is ever behind NAT whose IP-addresses adminstrators are not willing to
disclose. The fallback case is not the only case it is also about
misconfigurations.
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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Jari Arkko writes:
> Thanks again Marcelo for your comments. This is
> very useful. There was really a number of subissues:
> 
> 1) Are multiple address pairs allowed?
> 2) Are unidirectional address pairs allowed?
> 3) Multihoming for the establishment phase v.s only later?
> 3b) If MOBIKE retries in establishment phase, does it vary source address?
> 4) Initiator vs. responder behind NAT limitations and ADDITIONAL_*_ADDR
> 5) Is simultaneous movement supported?
> 6) Are only local failures supported?

I think these are mostly questions for the design draft. I tried to
check that at least some of those are answered by the new version of
design draft, but you might want to check that I didn't miss something
(I was a bit hurry when making that draft to get it out before
deadline). 

> 1.1 Limitations
> 
>    This document focuses on the main scenario outlined above, and
>    supports only tunnel mode.
> 
>    The mobility support in MOBIKE allows either party to move,
>    but not both at the same time. This implies that MOBIKE is best
>    suited for client - gateway or gateway - gateway applications. Two
>    mobile clients would find it hard to use MOBIKE directly between
>    themselves, and for such applications a gateway is recommended
>    between the communicating clients.
> 
>    The multihoming support in MOBIKE allows either party to have
>    multiple addresses. This specification does not guarantee that
>    more than pair of such addresses can be used for payload traffic
>    at any one time, however. This implies that load-balancing applications
>    are out of scope in the base protocol. Similarly, due to the nature
>    of the IKEv2 protocol and NAT considerations, MOBIKE is only guaranteed
>    to work correctly over bidirectionally operational address pairs.
>    That is, the same pair of addresses is used in both directions. Indeed,
>    the protocol mechanisms used to determine reachability of the
>    peer ensure that such a pair is in use.
> 
>    The MOBIKE protocol can only be used once the IKE SAs have
>    been established. This implies that movements or additional
>    addresses for the peer can not be discovered until a working
>    connection to the peer has been established. This implies that
>    the IKE SA establishment phase has limitations with regards to
>    initial discovery of alternative addresses, unless those addresses
>    are known in the configuration and/or DNS. For details, see
>    Section 4.0.
> 
>    NATs introduce additional limitations beyond those listed above.
>    For details, refer to Section 3.3.
> 
>    The base version of the MOBIKE protocol may also not cover all potential
>    future use scenarios, such as transport mode, application to securing
>    SCTP, or optimizations desirable in specific circumstances.  Future
>    extensions may be defined later to support additional requirements.

Perhaps add pointer to the design draft also (to the point where it
explains more about these issues, i.e. section 5.1 for choosing
addresses, multihoming, unidirectional paths etc, and section 5.2. for
NAT, at least).

But that text is good summary of the limitations.

> And a new Section 4.0 between 4. and 4.1:
> 
>    4.0 Addresses for the Initial IKE Exchange
> 
>    The initiator is responsible for finding a working pair of
>    addresses so that the initial IKE exchange can be carried
>    out. Any information from MOBIKE extensions will only be
>    available later, when the exchange has progressed far enough.
> 
>    IKE initiator may retrieve the peer address(es) from various
>    sources, such as the outgoing packet that triggered the
>    IKE exchange, configuration, or DNS. Similarly, the initiator
>    knows its own address(es).
>  
>    If multiple peer addresses are known, the initiator SHOULD
>    vary the destination address in retranmissions, in case the
>    address used in the first attempt is inoperational. Similarly,
>    if these addresses do not appear to respond, the initiator
>    MAY vary the source address it uses for itself, in case there
>    is a problem in a particular address prefix or the failure is
>    due to an ingress filtering problem.

That is also good section to be added. 
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Mon Oct 24 04:32:31 2005
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There seems to be six issues:

1) Noting that mobike hosts are more vulnerable to various
    attacks than static hosts, due to the variety of links they visit

    We can do this. Add this to Section 6, first paragraph, between
    the first and second paragraphs: "Mobile nodes are also more
    likely to encounter malicious environments, given the many
    networks that they travel in."

2) The lack of address authentication

    This is due to NATs, and there's little we can do about
    it. NO_NATS_ALLOWED, however, fixes this (where it
    can be used is another matter).

3) Defense 1: use NO_NATS_ALLOWED if on a public address

    This would be good to have as an option. Here's some
    suggested text:

    Insert to 4.8, at the end of the 2nd paragraph:
   
    An initiator may also have a policy that if it
    has an address that is know to be a public address,
    it employs NO_NATS_ALLOWED. This prevents the
    vulnerability to address changing attacks when
    the node has an obviously public address. (However,
    some firewalls may require UDP encapsulation
    to be used even in such cases.)

4) Defense 2: disallow movements on the same link

    I would rather not do this.  This would make RFC 3041 harder,
    and I'm not sure we can reliably detect when two addresses
    "are on the same link".

5) Is NO_NATS_ALLOWED mandatory if NAT-T is not supported

    It is. See 4.8 in -04.

6) Can the protocol recover from an attack when NO_NATS_ALLOWED
     is in use.

     I think it can. As part of some other issues we've inserted
     text that talks about retrying rather than giving immediately
     upon when an address appears to have changed.

--Jari

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Tero Kivinen wrote:

>Perhaps add pointer to the design draft also 
>  
>
Yes.

--Jari



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To: Tero Kivinen <kivinen@iki.fi>
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue 60: Addresses in IKE_SA_INIT/AUTH
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Tero Kivinen wrote:

>I have really started to hate different variations in the protocol.
>  
>
I hate that too, but is there something we can do in this
specific issue about that? Are you saying that your option
would not create a new variant?

>>Here's a suggested addition to the Security Considerations,
>>Section 6.5, after the fourth paragraph:
>>
>>The use of NO_NATS_ALLOWED will also disclose the
>>internal address to the peer, in case NAT was in the path.
>>However, this has relevance only if the node is configured to first
>>try with NO_NATS_ALLOWED and only then fallback to
>>the use of NAT traversal if that fails.
>>    
>>
>
>NO_NATS_ALLOWED discloses the internal address to the WORLD, not to
>the peer.
>  
>
Hm. I missed this. Why does it reveal the address to the world?
Because its sent in a too early IKE message that is not yet
encrypted?

--Jari

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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Mon Oct 24 05:49:10 2005
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To: MOBIKE Mailing List <mobike@machshav.com>,
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Subject: [Mobike] 57 - question about initiator decides
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It seems that discussion about this particular
design choice belongs to the design document.

So no text changes to protocol-04.

FWIW, I'm at least personally quite happy about
this decision. You have good questions, Marcelo,
and I hope this will improve our design document!
Some further discussion below:

>Now what i would like to understand is what parts of the mobike protocol 
>would not support the more general scenario, where both parties can 
>change the address pair used for the communication.
>  
>
We need to separate the ability to use different addresses
and the protocol's internal process at arriving a decision
from each other. Now, just because initiator decides in
MOBIKE, it doesn't mean that responder's addresses could
not change, or that the responder's input is not taken into
account.

In other words, its not a constraint that only X can do
something, but an arrangement where X gets information
and is the party responsible for final decisions and
coordination. An analogy may be a distributed system
where one of the nodes is elected to be a leader.

We found that the arrangement simplifies the operation
of the protocol.

>As i see it, this was a constraint to simplify the protocol to a case 
>like the VPN which was useful. My question at this point is how much of 
>the resulting protocol actually relies on this constraint?
>As i read it, this resulted in the following constraints:
>- Tunnel mode only is supported
>  
>
I don't think this is a result of the initiator-decides design.
Transport mode has fundamentally different issues,
including survivability of transport sessions.

>- Only the initiator can be behind a nat
>  
>
There are limited cases where the responder can also be
behind a nat. However, the question is whether limitations
in responder's location are due to design of if they are
fundamental limitations caused by NATs. I think the latter.

>- no simultaneous movement is supported
>  
>
Not sure how well initiator-decides affected this, but
at least there's another fundamental issue at the bottom:
without a home-agent or DNS or DHT like schemes we
can not implement simultaneous movements. (Same applies
to SHIM6 too, btw.)

>Now, i can see that supporting those may increase the complexity of the 
>protocol
>However, in addition, it seems that the protocol artificially imposes that
>- failure detection, path exploration and path selection can only be 
>performed by the initiator (client)
>  
>
Well, it only means that the final decision is done by one
party - not that the other party would be unable to be
a part of an exploration process. Having said that, the
exploration process in MOBIKE is very simple compared
to some other cases, because we assumed bidirectional
connectivity.

>- it includes a couple of corner cases where the responder can change 
>its address for dealing with specific cases.
>Wouldn't it be simpler to define a symmetric operation of the protocol 
>(without corner cases) and simply stating the three constraints above? 
>  
>
I think we tried, but it didn't appear to be simpler.

--jari

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Updated list:

Technical issues with proposed text but some discussion may
still be needed:

    60 - addresses in ike sa_init/auth

Technical issues without proposed text but discussion
has converged (or is uncontroversial)

    52 - security of address updates
    51 - spi collisions

Technical issues that have proposed text and discussion
has converged

    69 - rr requirements
           (aligning text to prior agreement on issues)
    68 - minimal conformance requirements
    67 - certain vs. possible changed address info
    66 - imprecise explanation of what nat cases are not supported
    63 - extensibility and payload
         (no changes needed)
    61 - version number, again
    57 - question about initiator decides
         (no text changes but input for design document)
    56 - ingress filtering
           (we've already decided that unidirectional is not
           supported -- even with impacts to some ingress filtering
           cases)
    55 - mobike scope and limitations
    47 - more comments from mohan
           (or is some part still being discussed?)
    45 - clarifications on security considerations
    44 - nat changes and ike rekey

Editorial comments without proposed text

    64 - stephane's editorial issues
    59 - tero's editorial comments
           (some text exists, not all)
    58 - deleting an address
           (note: we are not reopening the discussion
           on diff/overwrite semantics. but there may be
           a clarification needed.)
    54 - marcelo's editorial comments

Editorial comments with proposed text

    65 - jari's editorial issues
         (but make sure 59 is solved too)
    62 - editorial comments from francis
    53 - editorial comments from pete
    50 - more editorial comments from maureen
    49 - editorial comments from maureen
    48 - editorial comments from james
           (mostly has text, but is some part missing?)
    46 - question about additional addresses
           (has proposed text. note that there's a link to
           one of parts of issue 68)

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From: <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>
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Jari Arkko wrote:

> I checked issue #46 where we discussed this before.
> The conclusion appeared to be that for the gateway the
> current text is OK. On the client part I don't think we
> decided anything.
> 
> However, when thinking about this it seems that even
> the gateway part is suspect. It is true that you don't
> need the additional addresses on a gateway that is
> a responder. However, if this gateway is working in
> gateway-to-gateway mode and is an initiator towards
> the peer gateway which has multiple addresses, then
> we need it.
> 
> We could try to describe all this, but I think the cost
> of that is greater than simply saying that nodes that
> conform to this specification need to be able to understand
> the additional addresses. It is another matter what needs
> to be sent.

I think the problem can be fixed simply by changing "client"
to "initiator" and "gateway" to "responder".

> Here's a proposed text change:
> 
>    Note that both peers can have their own policies about what
>    addresses are acceptable to use.  A minimal "mobile client"
>    could have a policy that says that only the responder's
>    address specified in local configuration is acceptable.  This
>    kind of client does not have to send or process
>    ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.  Similarly, a simple "VPN
>    gateway" that has only a single address, and is not going to
>    change it, does not need to send or understand
>    ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.
> 
> =>
> 
>    Note that a node that has only a single address at any given
>    time does not need to send ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS
>    notifications, but all nodes that support this specification
>    must understand the reception of such notifications. However,
>    nodes MAY have their own policies about what addresses are
>    acceptable to use.

IMHO this is even more confusing than the original text...  Having
a single address at any given time doesn't really have much to do
with this paragraph. Even if a node has several addresses, it does
not need to send ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications if either

(1) it doesn't want to use those addresses for IPsec traffic, or
(2) the node is the initiator, and it does not want to use
any other responder addresses.

Furthermore, the responder does not have to understand
ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications (beyond treating them like any
other unrecognized status notification; that is, ignoring them) 
if it's not going to change its address.

How about rephrasing this as follows?

    Note that both peers can have their own policies about what
    addresses are acceptable to use, and certain types of policies
    may simplify implementation. For instance, if the responder
    has a single fixed address, it does need to process
    ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications it receives (beyond
    ignoring unrecognized status notifications as already required
    in [IKEv2]). Furthermore, if the initiator has a policy saying
    that only the responder address specified in local
    configuration is acceptable, it does not have to send its own
    additional addresses to the responder (since the responder
    does not need them except when changing its own address).

Best regards,
Pasi
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Cc: mobike@machshav.com
Subject: Re: [Mobike] 68 - minimal conformance requirements
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

>IMHO this is even more confusing than the original text...  Having
>a single address at any given time doesn't really have much to do
>with this paragraph. Even if a node has several addresses, it does
>not need to send ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications if either
>
>(1) it doesn't want to use those addresses for IPsec traffic, or
>(2) the node is the initiator, and it does not want to use
>any other responder addresses.
>  
>
Yes.

>Furthermore, the responder does not have to understand
>ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications (beyond treating them like any
>other unrecognized status notification; that is, ignoring them) 
>if it's not going to change its address.
>  
>
Yes -- as long as we are talking about a "responder"
and not a "gateway".

>How about rephrasing this as follows?
>
>    Note that both peers can have their own policies about what
>    addresses are acceptable to use, and certain types of policies
>    may simplify implementation. For instance, if the responder
>    has a single fixed address, it does need to process
>    ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications it receives (beyond
>    ignoring unrecognized status notifications as already required
>    in [IKEv2]). Furthermore, if the initiator has a policy saying
>    that only the responder address specified in local
>    configuration is acceptable, it does not have to send its own
>    additional addresses to the responder (since the responder
>    does not need them except when changing its own address).
>  
>
Works for me. Thanks.

--Jari


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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Mon Oct 24 06:11:11 2005
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From: Tero Kivinen <kivinen@iki.fi>
To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue 60: Addresses in IKE_SA_INIT/AUTH
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Jari Arkko writes:
> Tero Kivinen wrote:
> 
> >I have really started to hate different variations in the protocol.
> >  
> >
> I hate that too, but is there something we can do in this
> specific issue about that? Are you saying that your option
> would not create a new variant?

At least we take the IP-addresses from the same place regardless if
there is NAT-T enabled or not. Testing whether the MOBIKE will take
the IP-addresses from the correct packet is going to be painfull
anyways (i.e. requires changing the IP-addresses during the exchange
itself and so on). Not sure how big the real impact will be, but still
would avoid it if possible.

> >>Here's a suggested addition to the Security Considerations,
> >>Section 6.5, after the fourth paragraph:
> >>
> >>The use of NO_NATS_ALLOWED will also disclose the
> >>internal address to the peer, in case NAT was in the path.
> >>However, this has relevance only if the node is configured to first
> >>try with NO_NATS_ALLOWED and only then fallback to
> >>the use of NAT traversal if that fails.
> >>    
> >>
> >
> >NO_NATS_ALLOWED discloses the internal address to the WORLD, not to
> >the peer.
> >  
> >
> Hm. I missed this. Why does it reveal the address to the world?
> Because its sent in a too early IKE message that is not yet
> encrypted?

Yes, it is sent in the IKE_SA_INIT thus it is not encrypted nor
authenticated. It will be authenticated at the end of IKE_AUTH phase,
but not before that. It will not be encrypted at all, thus everybody
along the path can see it.

Moving it to the IKE_AUTH will get it encrypted, thus reading it
requires man in the middle attack, and also changes the protocol so we
can always take the IP address from the IKE_AUTH packet (no need to
separate processing for NAT-T allowed or no NAT-T allowed). 
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Mon Oct 24 06:15:51 2005
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue 60: Addresses in IKE_SA_INIT/AUTH
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Tero,

>Moving it to the IKE_AUTH will get it encrypted, thus reading it
>requires man in the middle attack, and also changes the protocol so we
>can always take the IP address from the IKE_AUTH packet (no need to
>separate processing for NAT-T allowed or no NAT-T allowed). 
>  
>
Hmm... OK, now I'm starting to like this better. Pasi?

--Jari

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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Mon Oct 24 06:22:54 2005
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Jari Arkko wrote:

> >>3.1.  Basic Operation
> >>
> >2nd para: it would be useful to state early that ike exchange
> >initiator decides the addresses to use for that exchange. Right
> >now you only talk about IPsec addresses. I know this is part of
> >ikev2, but the reader may not have the background to understand
> >this.
> >  
> >
>    MOBIKE solves this problem by taking a simple approach: the party
>    that initiated the IKE_SA ...
> 
> =>
> 
>    MOBIKE solves this problem by taking a simple approach
>    Firstly, for every IKE exchange, the initiator of that exchange
>    decides which addresses to use for IKE itself. Secondly, the
>    party that initiated the IKE_SA ...

How about just adding "This approach applies to the addresses 
in the IPsec SAs; in the IKE_SA case, the exchange initiator can 
decide  which addresses are used." to the end of that paragraph?

> >>4.8.  NAT Prohibition
> >>
> >This section would benefit from a message flow example.
> >
> >>   The attackers in this threat can be either outsiders or 
> >>   even one of
> >>   the IKEv2 peers.  In usual VPN usage scenarios, attacks 
> >>   by the peers
> >>   can be easily dealt with if the authentication performed in the
> >>   initial IKEv2 negotiation can be traced to persons who 
> >>   can be held
> >>   responsible for the attack.  This may not be the case in all
> >>   scenarios, particularly with opportunistic approaches to 
> >>    security.
> >>  
> >>
> >s/persons/persons or devices/?

Hmm... IMHO "held responsible" is something that mostly applies
to people, and using it with devices doesn't sound too good to me..

BR,
Pasi

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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Mon Oct 24 06:42:07 2005
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

>>   MOBIKE solves this problem by taking a simple approach: the party
>>   that initiated the IKE_SA ...
>>
>>=>
>>
>>   MOBIKE solves this problem by taking a simple approach
>>   Firstly, for every IKE exchange, the initiator of that exchange
>>   decides which addresses to use for IKE itself. Secondly, the
>>   party that initiated the IKE_SA ...
>>    
>>
>
>How about just adding "This approach applies to the addresses 
>in the IPsec SAs; in the IKE_SA case, the exchange initiator can 
>decide  which addresses are used." to the end of that paragraph?
>  
>
Sure.

>>>>4.8.  NAT Prohibition
>>>>
>>>>        
>>>>
>>>This section would benefit from a message flow example.
>>>
>>>      
>>>
>>>>  The attackers in this threat can be either outsiders or 
>>>>  even one of
>>>>  the IKEv2 peers.  In usual VPN usage scenarios, attacks 
>>>>  by the peers
>>>>  can be easily dealt with if the authentication performed in the
>>>>  initial IKEv2 negotiation can be traced to persons who 
>>>>  can be held
>>>>  responsible for the attack.  This may not be the case in all
>>>>  scenarios, particularly with opportunistic approaches to 
>>>>   security.
>>>> 
>>>>
>>>>        
>>>>
>>>s/persons/persons or devices/?
>>>      
>>>
>
>Hmm... IMHO "held responsible" is something that mostly applies
>to people, and using it with devices doesn't sound too good to me..
>  
>
True. OTOH, the most likely case is that the person
isn't really responsible, but his device has some
malware. I'm not sure I have a better text suggestion
for you. Let it be.

--Jari

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It seems that we now have the same understanding of
this issue. I asked Tero to write some text for an
implementation note. Here goes:

Add to the end of Section 4.4 an indented implementation
note as follows:

    Implementation note: In MOBIKE (and also in IKEv2) it is possible
    to have cases where the SPI, protocol and destination address
    may not be uniquely distinguish SA to be used for outgoing
    traffic. In those cases implementations need to have a direct
    pointer from the matched traffic selectors of the outgoing traffic
    to the outbound SA to be used. That is, it is not enough to store SPI,
    protocol, and destination address to the SPD-S, but some kind of
    unique identifier is also needed. 

--Jari

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Maureen Stillman wrote:
> These comments are all editorial.
> 
> 4.7 Changes in NAT Mappings
> 
>    In MOBIKE, these messages can also be used to detect if NAT
mappings
>    have changed (for example, if the keepalive internal is 
>    too long, or the NAT box is rebooted).  
> 
> I think you meant to say keepalive interval not keepalive internal.

Yes, that's right...

> 5. Payload formats
> 
> 5.1 MOBIKE_SUPPORTED Notify Payload
> 
> I think these headers and text should more closely match what is in
> IKEv2.  Also these messages should be split between what is an error,
> 5.5 and 5.8, and what is a status message all the rest.  This is also
> how the split is done in IKEv2.  See the template and text 
> below which I
> stole from IKEv2.  
> 
> Here is the new suggested text:

<snip>

Hmm.. the Notify payload itself is defined in the IKEv2 spec, and IMHO
we don't need to copy its definition here.  Copying it might even be
confusing, since it could give the impression we're defining a new
payload.

But I'll add some text to the beginning of section 5 to clarify
this (including the error/status types distinction).

Best regards,
Pasi
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Updated list:

Technical issues that are open:

     60 - addresses in ike sa_init/auth

Technical issues without proposed text but discussion
has converged (or is uncontroversial)

     -

Technical issues that have proposed text and discussion
has converged

     69 - rr requirements
            (aligning text to prior agreement on issues)
     68 - minimal conformance requirements
     67 - certain vs. possible changed address info
     66 - imprecise explanation of what nat cases are not supported
     63 - extensibility and payload
            (no changes needed)
     61 - version number, again
     57 - question about initiator decides
            (no text changes but input for design document)
     56 - ingress filtering
            (we've already decided that unidirectional is not
            supported -- even with impacts to some ingress filtering
            cases)
     55 - mobike scope and limitations
     52 - security of address updates
     51 - spi collisions
     47 - more comments from mohan
            (or is some part still being discussed?)
     45 - clarifications on security considerations
     44 - nat changes and ike rekey

Editorial comments without proposed text

     64 - stephane's editorial issues
     59 - tero's editorial comments
            (some text exists, not all)
     58 - deleting an address
            (note: we are not reopening the discussion
            on diff/overwrite semantics. but there may be
            a clarification needed.)
     54 - marcelo's editorial comments

Editorial comments with proposed text

     65 - jari's editorial issues
          (but make sure 59 is solved too)
     62 - editorial comments from francis
     53 - editorial comments from pete
     50 - more editorial comments from maureen
     49 - editorial comments from maureen
     48 - editorial comments from james
            (mostly has text, but is some part missing?)
     46 - question about additional addresses
            (has proposed text. note that there's a link to
            one of parts of issue 68)

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>the Notify payload itself is defined in the IKEv2 spec, and IMHO
>we don't need to copy its definition here.  Copying it might even be
>confusing, since it could give the impression we're defining a new
>payload.
>  
>
Yes.

--Jari


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Jari Arkko wrote: 
>
> I think the only thing that Mohan wanted to do was to
> explain the condition of the attack that NO_NATS_ALLOWED
> protects against. Here's the simple text modification:
> 
>    MOBIKE introduces the NO_NATS_ALLOWED notification that is used to
>    detect modification, by outsiders, of the addresses in the 
>    IP header.
>    ...
> 
> =>
> 
>    MOBIKE introduces the NO_NATS_ALLOWED notification that is used to
>    detect modification, by outsiders, of the addresses in the 
>    IP header.
>    Such modifications can only be performed by attackers who are on
>    the path and capable of modifying the IKEv2 and IPsec packets.

This sounds redundant to me: it basically says that modifications
can be performed only by attackers who can modify the packets...??

(And attacks by the IKE peer are discussed in section 6.3, not here)

> Add the following text to the end of this paragraph:
> 
>   ... Such an attack could also be defeated by use of
>   negative acknowledgements, such as TCP RST and ICMP
>   errors. However, too eager reliance on such acknowledgements
>   has some denial-of-service issues itself. Also, many networks
>   filter ICMP messages, and in our case the lack of a valid SA
>   in the victim prevents TCP processing of incoming ESP packets.

No, this is misleading: the victim sees only a bunch of ESP
packets it cannot decrypt, and it doesn't even know who
the real sender (e.g., TCP endpoint) is. And if you don't know 
that, where do you send the TCP RSTs or other negative acks?

BR,
Pasi
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The basic idea in the text seems to be right, but IMHO we need
much longer explanation than that (at least if we want people
who didn't read the mailing list discussion to understand what
the note says).

I can try to write something (but not today)...

BR,
Pasi

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@piuha.net] 
> Sent: 24 October, 2005 13:43
> To: Tuomas Aura; Tero Kivinen; Eronen Pasi 
> (Nokia-NRC/Helsinki); Parthasarathy Mohan (Nokia-NET/MtView)
> Cc: MOBIKE Mailing List
> Subject: 51 - spi collisions
> 
> 
> It seems that we now have the same understanding of
> this issue. I asked Tero to write some text for an
> implementation note. Here goes:
> 
> Add to the end of Section 4.4 an indented implementation
> note as follows:
> 
>     Implementation note: In MOBIKE (and also in IKEv2) it is possible
>     to have cases where the SPI, protocol and destination address
>     may not be uniquely distinguish SA to be used for outgoing
>     traffic. In those cases implementations need to have a direct
>     pointer from the matched traffic selectors of the outgoing traffic
>     to the outbound SA to be used. That is, it is not enough 
>     to store SPI, protocol, and destination address to the SPD-S, 
>     but some kind of unique identifier is also needed. 
> 
> --Jari
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] 51 - spi collisions
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

>The basic idea in the text seems to be right, but IMHO we need
>much longer explanation than that (at least if we want people
>who didn't read the mailing list discussion to understand what
>the note says).
>
>I can try to write something (but not today)...
>  
>

Would this text + a pointer to design draft be sufficient?

--Jari

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From: <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>
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Jari Arkko wrote:
> There seems to be six issues:
> 
> 1) Noting that mobike hosts are more vulnerable to various
>     attacks than static hosts, due to the variety of links they visit
> 
>     We can do this. Add this to Section 6, first paragraph, between
>     the first and second paragraphs: "Mobile nodes are also more
>     likely to encounter malicious environments, given the many
>     networks that they travel in."

This text is confusing "mobile node" and "node implementing MOBIKE".
E.g. my laptop is already a "mobile node", and visits malicious 
environments. Adding MOBIKE would make it less cumbersome for me 
(no need to find my SecurID token etc.), but it does not change
the environment...

<snip>
    can be used is another matter).
> 
> 3) Defense 1: use NO_NATS_ALLOWED if on a public address
> 
>     This would be good to have as an option. Here's some
>     suggested text:
> 
>     Insert to 4.8, at the end of the 2nd paragraph:
>    
>     An initiator may also have a policy that if it
>     has an address that is know to be a public address,
>     it employs NO_NATS_ALLOWED. This prevents the
>     vulnerability to address changing attacks when
>     the node has an obviously public address. (However,
>     some firewalls may require UDP encapsulation
>     to be used even in such cases.)

IMHO the leap from "public address" to "no NAT" is not correct.
IKEv2 NAT-T does the right thing, and does not try to hard-code
lists of addresses which are NATted: it's much better to just
detect that. 

BR,
Pasi
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Mon Oct 24 07:21:38 2005
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] issue 45 - clarifications to security considerations
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

>This sounds redundant to me:
>  
>
Ok, lets not add anything here then.

>>Add the following text to the end of this paragraph:
>>
>>  ... Such an attack could also be defeated by use of
>>  negative acknowledgements, such as TCP RST and ICMP
>>  errors. However, too eager reliance on such acknowledgements
>>  has some denial-of-service issues itself. Also, many networks
>>  filter ICMP messages, and in our case the lack of a valid SA
>>  in the victim prevents TCP processing of incoming ESP packets.
>>    
>>
>
>No, this is misleading: the victim sees only a bunch of ESP
>packets it cannot decrypt, and it doesn't even know who
>the real sender (e.g., TCP endpoint) is. And if you don't know 
>that, where do you send the TCP RSTs or other negative acks?
>  
>
Here's another attempt:

  Such an attack could also be defeated by use of
  negative acknowledgements, such as TCP RST and ICMP
  errors. However, in our case the victim lacks a valid SA
  and, as a result, is incapable providing any other
  negative acknowledgements than ICMP errors. Such
  errors may be filtered in many networks, and has
  some denial-of-service issues itself.



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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Mon Oct 24 07:27:50 2005
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] 52 - security of address updates
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The first text appears to be correct (its the mobility,
not MOBIKE support that makes you more likely
to hit bad environments).

But maybe that's a moot point if your opinion is
that the heuristic for deciding about possible
existence of NATs is too weak and likely to cause
errors. It certainly can fail in the case of certain
firewalls where it would be better to run NAT-T.

I have some sympathy for this argument. This
would mean not adding anything about this
defensive policy to the document. What
do others think?

--Jari

Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

>Jari Arkko wrote:
>  
>
>>There seems to be six issues:
>>
>>1) Noting that mobike hosts are more vulnerable to various
>>    attacks than static hosts, due to the variety of links they visit
>>
>>    We can do this. Add this to Section 6, first paragraph, between
>>    the first and second paragraphs: "Mobile nodes are also more
>>    likely to encounter malicious environments, given the many
>>    networks that they travel in."
>>    
>>
>
>This text is confusing "mobile node" and "node implementing MOBIKE".
>E.g. my laptop is already a "mobile node", and visits malicious 
>environments. Adding MOBIKE would make it less cumbersome for me 
>(no need to find my SecurID token etc.), but it does not change
>the environment...
>
><snip>
>    can be used is another matter).
>  
>
>>3) Defense 1: use NO_NATS_ALLOWED if on a public address
>>
>>    This would be good to have as an option. Here's some
>>    suggested text:
>>
>>    Insert to 4.8, at the end of the 2nd paragraph:
>>   
>>    An initiator may also have a policy that if it
>>    has an address that is know to be a public address,
>>    it employs NO_NATS_ALLOWED. This prevents the
>>    vulnerability to address changing attacks when
>>    the node has an obviously public address. (However,
>>    some firewalls may require UDP encapsulation
>>    to be used even in such cases.)
>>    
>>
>
>IMHO the leap from "public address" to "no NAT" is not correct.
>IKEv2 NAT-T does the right thing, and does not try to hard-code
>lists of addresses which are NATted: it's much better to just
>detect that. 
>
>BR,
>Pasi
>
>
>  
>

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James Kempf wrote:Subject: Re: [Mobike] Issue list status & plea for
help
> 
> Maureen,
> 
> Yes, I noticed this as well.
> 
> I'd suggest including it even earlier, in the abstract:
> 
>     ...MOBIKE allows hostst to update the (outer) IP 
> addresses associated with IKEv2 and **tunnel mode** IPsec 
> Security Associations...

Ok with me (although the fact we're dealing with tunnel
mode is already mentioned in Section 1: transport mode SAs
don't have "outer (tunnel header)" addresses).

BR,
Pasi
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Mon Oct 24 07:37:16 2005
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
> The basic idea in the text seems to be right, but IMHO we need
> much longer explanation than that (at least if we want people
> who didn't read the mailing list discussion to understand what
> the note says).

As this is only implementation hint and the same problem is already in
the IKEv2 (i.e. the issue is not created by MOBIKE, it just might make
it more common), I do not think we need too much text about that. 
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] 55 - scope and limitations (marcelo's issue)
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Here's a "slightly" edited version of the text. Does it look ok?

--

1.2.  Scope and Limitations

   This document focuses on the main scenario outlined above, and
   supports only tunnel mode IPsec SAs.

   The mobility support in MOBIKE allows both parties to move, but does
   not provide a "rendezvous" mechanism that would allow simultaneous
   movement of both parties, or discovering the addresses when the
   IKE_SA is first established.  This implies that MOBIKE is best suited
   for situations where the address of at least one endpoint is
   relatively stable, and can be discovered using existing mechanisms
   such as DNS (see Section 3.1).

   MOBIKE allows both parties to be multihomed; however, only one pair
   of addresses is used for an SA at a time.  In particular, load
   balancing is beyond the scope of this specification.

   MOBIKE follows the IKEv2 practice where a response message is sent to
   the same address and port from which the request was received.  This
   implies that MOBIKE does not work over unidirectional paths.

   NATs introduce additional limitations beyond those listed above.  For
   details, refer to Section 2.3.

   The base version of the MOBIKE protocol does not cover all potential
   future use scenarios, such as transport mode, application to securing
   SCTP, or optimizations desirable in specific circumstances.  Future
   extensions may be defined later to support additional requirements.

   Readers are encouraged to consult the MOBIKE design document [Design]
   for further information and rationale behind these limitations.

--

3.1.  Initial IKE Exchange

   The initiator is responsible for finding a working pair of addresses
   so that the initial IKE exchange can be carried out.  Any information
   from MOBIKE extensions will only be available later, when the
   exchange has progressed far enough.  Exactly how the addresses used
   for the initial exchange are discovered is beyond the scope of this
   specification; typical sources of information include local
   configuration and DNS.

   If either or both of the peers have multiple addresses, some
   combinations may not work.  Thus, the initiator SHOULD try various
   source and destination address combinations when retransmitting the
   IKE_SA_INIT request.

---

BR,
Pasi
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Mon Oct 24 08:25:28 2005
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Thread-Topic: [Mobike] 67 - certain vs. possible changed address info
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From: <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>
To: <jari.arkko@piuha.net>, <mobike@machshav.com>
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Jari Arkko wrote:

> Here's some suggested text:
> 
>    o  An INFORMATIONAL request containing ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS
>       notifications is received.  This means the peer's addresses may
>       have changed.
> 
> =>
> 
>    o  An INFORMATIONAL request containing ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS
>       or NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notifications is received.  
>       This means
>       the peer's addresses may have changed. This is 
>       particularly important
>       if the currently used address for peer is no longer in 
>       the announced set of addresses.

Looks good, I rephrased it slightly to this:

   o  An INFORMATIONAL request containing ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS or
      NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESS notifications is received.  This means the
      peer's addresses may have changed.  This is particularly important
      if the announced set of address no longer contains the currently
      used address.


BR,
Pasi
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Mon Oct 24 08:25:36 2005
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] 55 - scope and limitations (marcelo's issue)
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Looks good to me.

--Jari

Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

>Here's a "slightly" edited version of the text. Does it look ok?
>
>--
>
>1.2.  Scope and Limitations
>
>   This document focuses on the main scenario outlined above, and
>   supports only tunnel mode IPsec SAs.
>
>   The mobility support in MOBIKE allows both parties to move, but does
>   not provide a "rendezvous" mechanism that would allow simultaneous
>   movement of both parties, or discovering the addresses when the
>   IKE_SA is first established.  This implies that MOBIKE is best suited
>   for situations where the address of at least one endpoint is
>   relatively stable, and can be discovered using existing mechanisms
>   such as DNS (see Section 3.1).
>
>   MOBIKE allows both parties to be multihomed; however, only one pair
>   of addresses is used for an SA at a time.  In particular, load
>   balancing is beyond the scope of this specification.
>
>   MOBIKE follows the IKEv2 practice where a response message is sent to
>   the same address and port from which the request was received.  This
>   implies that MOBIKE does not work over unidirectional paths.
>
>   NATs introduce additional limitations beyond those listed above.  For
>   details, refer to Section 2.3.
>
>   The base version of the MOBIKE protocol does not cover all potential
>   future use scenarios, such as transport mode, application to securing
>   SCTP, or optimizations desirable in specific circumstances.  Future
>   extensions may be defined later to support additional requirements.
>
>   Readers are encouraged to consult the MOBIKE design document [Design]
>   for further information and rationale behind these limitations.
>
>--
>
>3.1.  Initial IKE Exchange
>
>   The initiator is responsible for finding a working pair of addresses
>   so that the initial IKE exchange can be carried out.  Any information
>   from MOBIKE extensions will only be available later, when the
>   exchange has progressed far enough.  Exactly how the addresses used
>   for the initial exchange are discovered is beyond the scope of this
>   specification; typical sources of information include local
>   configuration and DNS.
>
>   If either or both of the peers have multiple addresses, some
>   combinations may not work.  Thus, the initiator SHOULD try various
>   source and destination address combinations when retransmitting the
>   IKE_SA_INIT request.
>
>---
>
>BR,
>Pasi
>
>
>  
>

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Jari Arkko wrote:
> Here's some proposed text:
> 
>    "Does not fully support" means that no special effort is made to
>    support this functionality.  However, if the alternative is losing
>    connectivity completely, the responder can still attempt to proceed
>    with the change, and depending on, e.g., the exact type of NAT, it
>    may succeed.  However, analyzing the exact circumstances when this
>    will or will not work is not done in this document.
> 
> =>
> 
>    "Does not fully support" means that no special effort is made to
>    support this functionality.  Responders may also be unaware of
>    NATs or specific types of NATs they are behind. However, when
>    a change has occurred that will cause a loss of connectivity,
>    MOBIKE responders will still attempt to inform the initiator of the
>    change. Depending on, e.g., the exact type of NAT, it may or may
>    not succeed.  However, analyzing the exact circumstances when
>    this will or will not work is not done in this document.

Works for me.

BR,
Pasi
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From: <Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com>
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Jari Arkko wrote:
> Text proposal:
> 
> Section 4.4
> 
>      The initiator receives a NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP
>      notification that does not match the previous UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES
>      response (see Section 4.7 for a more detailed description).
> 
> =>
> 
>      The initiator receives a NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP
>      notification with a value that does not match the value in a
>      previous UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES response (see Section 4.7
>      for a more detailed description).
> 
>      Note that this may cause an extra address update when
>      IKE rekeying is in progress, because the 
>      NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP
>      notification only contains a hash of the address and some
>      other values such as the SPIs which change upon IKE rekey.
>      Such an extra address update is harmless, however.

Probably the "Changes in NAT Mappings" section is a better place
for this text than 4.4. I rephrased it slightly as follows:

   Note that this approach to detecting NAT mapping changes may cause an
   extra address update when the IKE_SA is rekeyed.  This is because the
   NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP hash also includes the IKE SPIs, which
   change when performing rekeying.  This unnecessary update is
   harmless, however.

Best regards,
Pasi
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Jari Arkko wrote:

> It was indeed intention that the return packet in step 3
> would be lost. We forgot to draw this in the flow, however.
> I have used something like
> 
>                                             REQ
>                   ------------------------------------------------>
>                                             RESP
>                                  /----------------------------------
> 
> elsewhere. But the real question is I guess step 4
> correctness. Yes, I actually thought that we could
> switch to another request, but as you point out,
> this is incorrect. Hmm... this means that we can't
> piggyback the RR test/cookie2 all of a sudden. Oh
> well, that means another roundtrip in this case.
> Retransmit the step 3 packet to a different address,
> then do an RR test separately.

I edited it like this:

   (The initiator suspects a problem in the currently used address pair,
   and probes its liveness.)

   3) (IP_I1:500 -> IP_R1:500)
      HDR, SK { N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP) }  -->

      (IP_I1:500 -> IP_R1:500)
      HDR, SK { N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP) }  -->

      ...

   (Eventually, the initiator gives up on the current address pair, and
   tests the other available address pair.)

   4) (IP_I1:500 -> IP_R2:500)
      HDR, SK { N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP) }

                            <--  (IP_R2:500 -> IP_I1:500)
                                 HDR, SK { N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP) }

   (This worked, and the initiator requests the peer to switch to new
   addresses.)

   5) (IP_I1:500 -> IP_R2:500)
      HDR, SK { N(UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES),
                N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP),
                N(COOKIE2) }  -->

                            <--  (IP_R2:500 -> IP_I1:500)
                                 HDR, SK { N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP),
                                           N(COOKIE2) }

Does this look right?

Best regards,
Pasi
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Mon Oct 24 09:18:13 2005
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I've submitted an update to the protocol document.
Until it appears in the I-D directory, a temporary copy
and a diff is available from here:

http://people.nokia.net/~pasi/draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-05.txt

http://people.nokia.net/~pasi/draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-05-from-04.html

Note that this version does not address all the issues we have
(see issue list for current status).

Best regards,
Pasi
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] 44 - nat changes and ike rekey
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

>Probably the "Changes in NAT Mappings" section is a better place
>for this text than 4.4. I rephrased it slightly as follows:
>
>   Note that this approach to detecting NAT mapping changes may cause an
>   extra address update when the IKE_SA is rekeyed.  This is because the
>   NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP hash also includes the IKE SPIs, which
>   change when performing rekeying.  This unnecessary update is
>   harmless, however.
>  
>
Ok.

--Jari

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Yes. Thanks.

--Jari

Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:

>Jari Arkko wrote:
>
>  
>
>>It was indeed intention that the return packet in step 3
>>would be lost. We forgot to draw this in the flow, however.
>>I have used something like
>>
>>                                            REQ
>>                  ------------------------------------------------>
>>                                            RESP
>>                                 /----------------------------------
>>
>>elsewhere. But the real question is I guess step 4
>>correctness. Yes, I actually thought that we could
>>switch to another request, but as you point out,
>>this is incorrect. Hmm... this means that we can't
>>piggyback the RR test/cookie2 all of a sudden. Oh
>>well, that means another roundtrip in this case.
>>Retransmit the step 3 packet to a different address,
>>then do an RR test separately.
>>    
>>
>
>I edited it like this:
>
>   (The initiator suspects a problem in the currently used address pair,
>   and probes its liveness.)
>
>   3) (IP_I1:500 -> IP_R1:500)
>      HDR, SK { N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP) }  -->
>
>      (IP_I1:500 -> IP_R1:500)
>      HDR, SK { N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP) }  -->
>
>      ...
>
>   (Eventually, the initiator gives up on the current address pair, and
>   tests the other available address pair.)
>
>   4) (IP_I1:500 -> IP_R2:500)
>      HDR, SK { N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP) }
>
>                            <--  (IP_R2:500 -> IP_I1:500)
>                                 HDR, SK { N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP) }
>
>   (This worked, and the initiator requests the peer to switch to new
>   addresses.)
>
>   5) (IP_I1:500 -> IP_R2:500)
>      HDR, SK { N(UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES),
>                N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP),
>                N(COOKIE2) }  -->
>
>                            <--  (IP_R2:500 -> IP_I1:500)
>                                 HDR, SK { N(NAT_DETECTION_*_IP),
>                                           N(COOKIE2) }
>
>Does this look right?
>
>Best regards,
>Pasi
>
>
>  
>

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Subject: Re: [Mobike] 63 - extensibility and payload
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> >
> >
> >- about 4.4: if/when we'd like to extend the mechanism, two things
> >seem to be interesting:
> > - the capability to move to another addresses (than the addresses in
> >   the IP header of the message), for instance for network controlled
> >   mobility.
> > - the capability to limit the update to a SA set (i.e., partial update).
> >Both will be easier with a payload...
> >  
> >
> 
> I agree that there are potentially interesting extensions,
> such as some kind of network control or limiting the SA
> set. As we have decided earlier, these are indeed future
> extensions and not a part of the initial base RFC.
> 
> But lets talk about what design is best to accommodate for
> such future extensions. In both cases that you mention,
> it seems that the addition of a payload (with appropriate
> previous capability negotiation) does the job. For instance,
> if we would like to design a "limited SA set update" feature,
> then in the IKE init phase we can find out if both peers support
> that. Then, if this particular movement is a limited update,
> we can include a new payload to that effect in the IKE
> exchange that tells the peer about the move.
> 
I agree that the new payload is the way to go. 

-mohan

> Creating such payload now, however, would change the
> design quite a bit and would imho make it hard to support
> NATs.
> 
> So, I would suggest that there are no text changes needed
> for the current document.
> 
> --Jari
> 
> _______________________________________________
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> Jari Arkko wrote:
> > Text proposal:
> > 
> > Section 4.4
> > 
> >      The initiator receives a NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP
> >      notification that does not match the previous UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES
> >      response (see Section 4.7 for a more detailed description).
> > 
> > =>
> > 
> >      The initiator receives a NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP
> >      notification with a value that does not match the value in a
> >      previous UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES response (see Section 4.7
> >      for a more detailed description).
> > 
> >      Note that this may cause an extra address update when
> >      IKE rekeying is in progress, because the 
> >      NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP
> >      notification only contains a hash of the address and some
> >      other values such as the SPIs which change upon IKE rekey.
> >      Such an extra address update is harmless, however.
> 
> Probably the "Changes in NAT Mappings" section is a better place
> for this text than 4.4. I rephrased it slightly as follows:
> 
>    Note that this approach to detecting NAT mapping changes may cause an
>    extra address update when the IKE_SA is rekeyed.  This is because the
>    NAT_DETECTION_DESTINATION_IP hash also includes the IKE SPIs, which
>    change when performing rekeying.  This unnecessary update is
>    harmless, however.
> 
I am okay with this. 

Note we are talking about "Changes in NAT mappings". Is it okay for an implementation 
to implement just one of the two schemes

 1) send NAT-D payloads in DPD messages, compare the response with the previou
     UPDATE_SA_ADDRESS response
2)  send NAT-D payloads in DPD messages with UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES

-mohan



> Best regards,
> Pasi
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 > 
> > I checked issue #46 where we discussed this before.
> > The conclusion appeared to be that for the gateway the
> > current text is OK. On the client part I don't think we
> > decided anything.
> > 
> > However, when thinking about this it seems that even
> > the gateway part is suspect. It is true that you don't
> > need the additional addresses on a gateway that is
> > a responder. However, if this gateway is working in
> > gateway-to-gateway mode and is an initiator towards
> > the peer gateway which has multiple addresses, then
> > we need it.
> > 
> > We could try to describe all this, but I think the cost
> > of that is greater than simply saying that nodes that
> > conform to this specification need to be able to understand
> > the additional addresses. It is another matter what needs
> > to be sent.
> 
> I think the problem can be fixed simply by changing "client"
> to "initiator" and "gateway" to "responder".
> 
> > Here's a proposed text change:
> > 
> >    Note that both peers can have their own policies about what
> >    addresses are acceptable to use.  A minimal "mobile client"
> >    could have a policy that says that only the responder's
> >    address specified in local configuration is acceptable.  This
> >    kind of client does not have to send or process
> >    ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.  Similarly, a simple "VPN
> >    gateway" that has only a single address, and is not going to
> >    change it, does not need to send or understand
> >    ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications.
> > 
> > =>
> > 
> >    Note that a node that has only a single address at any given
> >    time does not need to send ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS
> >    notifications, but all nodes that support this specification
> >    must understand the reception of such notifications. However,
> >    nodes MAY have their own policies about what addresses are
> >    acceptable to use.
> 
> IMHO this is even more confusing than the original text...  Having
> a single address at any given time doesn't really have much to do
> with this paragraph. Even if a node has several addresses, it does
> not need to send ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications if either
> 
> (1) it doesn't want to use those addresses for IPsec traffic, or
> (2) the node is the initiator, and it does not want to use
> any other responder addresses.
> 
> Furthermore, the responder does not have to understand
> ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications (beyond treating them like any
> other unrecognized status notification; that is, ignoring them) 
> if it's not going to change its address.
> 
> How about rephrasing this as follows?
> 
>     Note that both peers can have their own policies about what
>     addresses are acceptable to use, and certain types of policies
>     may simplify implementation. For instance, if the responder
>     has a single fixed address, it does need to process
>     ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications it receives (beyond
>     ignoring unrecognized status notifications as already required
>     in [IKEv2]). Furthermore, if the initiator has a policy saying

In section 4.5, it talks about how a responder can try a different
address for its peer. The responder itself has only one address
but it can try different peer addresses. Or Are you saying that
the policy says don't try different peer addresses ?

>     that only the responder address specified in local
>     configuration is acceptable, it does not have to send its own
>     additional addresses to the responder (since the responder
>     does not need them except when changing its own address).
> 
This is still confusing to me :-)

-mohan

> Best regards,
> Pasi
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> Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com wrote:
> 
> >The basic idea in the text seems to be right, but IMHO we need
> >much longer explanation than that (at least if we want people
> >who didn't read the mailing list discussion to understand what
> >the note says).
> >
> >I can try to write something (but not today)...
> >  
> >
> 
> Would this text + a pointer to design draft be sufficient?
> 
The text is too simple to help the readers understand the issue. At least
providing an example (like the one given in Thomas mail) as a background
before the suggested text might help read it better. 

-mohan

> --Jari
> 
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From: marcelo bagnulo braun <marcelo@it.uc3m.es>
Date: Tue, 25 Oct 2005 17:09:35 +0200
To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Hi Jari,

i think that the proposed text looks good.

just a couple of clarifications, not really expecting to change the =

text, but just to explain some points...

El 23/10/2005, a las 17:51, Jari Arkko escribi=F3:

>
> Thanks again Marcelo for your comments. This is
> very useful. There was really a number of subissues:
>
> 1) Are multiple address pairs allowed?
> 2) Are unidirectional address pairs allowed?
> 3) Multihoming for the establishment phase v.s only later?
> 3b) If MOBIKE retries in establishment phase, does it vary source =

> address?
> 4) Initiator vs. responder behind NAT limitations and ADDITIONAL_*_ADDR
> 5) Is simultaneous movement supported?
> 6) Are only local failures supported?
>
> I think the consensus has been that we don't want to go
> too much in to the reasons of why something is the way
> it is in this document (that's the job of the design document).
> However, we do need to describe the limitations.
>
> I'll first go through Marcelo's items from above and try
> to explain what I think the situation is. At the end I'll
> have suggested text for a new limitations section.
>
> 1) Are multiple address pairs allowed?
>
>   Yes. Multiple pairs are allowed. Their simultaneous use for
>   payload traffic is, however, outside the scope of the document,
>   and would probably need extra mechanisms (e.g. ensure its different
>   TCP streams) to work well.
>
> 2) Are unidirectional address pairs allowed?
>
>   No. Explicit design decision to make things easy.
>
> 3) Multihoming for the establishment phase v.s only later?
>
>   MOBIKE is for later phases only, but we can provide some
>   guidance on what (limited) things can be done in the
>   establishment phase.
>
> 3b) If MOBIKE retries in establishment phase, does it vary source =

> address?
>
>  It should. I'm a bit scared here to step on the area that your
>  future enhanced RFC 3484 version will say, though. Technically,
>  these are components; when 3484bis is available things sudddenly
>  start working better.
>
>  But I'll suggest something vague about this.
>
> 4) Initiator vs. responder behind NAT limitations and ADDITIONAL_*_ADDR
>
>  This isn't an issue, really, but rather a misunderstanding of
>  the text. There's no problem when the initiator (behind NAT) decides =

> to use
>  new addresses. The problem is when the responder moves; some
>  NAT types don't allow this, and it may even be that the addresses
>  provided for this emergency in ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS are
>  internal, and not reachable by peer.
>
>  I'd say no text changes.
>
> 5) Is simultaneous movement supported?
>
>  No. Needs to be documented.
>
> 6) Are only local failures supported?
>
>  No. MOBIKE, like SHIM6, supports both lower layers telling
>  you that the link went away as well as experienced failures
>  in IP communication (IKE DPD vs. SHIM6 reachability packets
>  not getting through).
>

my point here is that the only tool that seems to be available to =

mobike is to change the address used for the communication.
This is clearly enough to address local failures but it is not clear =

that this is good enough to deal with other failure modes.
In shim, changing the source address is assumed to result in exploring =

different exit paths (from the multihomed site)
this is the case when the source address affects somehow the exit path, =

which is coherent with the existance of some form of ingress filtering =

capability in the multihomed site.
So, either you  assume some form of source address dependent routing so =

that changing the source address result in different exit paths or the =

host don't really have the capability of forcing the exit path, so it =

is probably that it won't be able to cope with remote failures in =

general (in particular in failures in the egress paths)

> Ok. So here's an attempt at some new text for Section 1.1,
> what used to be 3.4 Limitations:
>

this text looks good

> 1.1 Limitations
>
>   This document focuses on the main scenario outlined above, and
>   supports only tunnel mode.
>
>   The mobility support in MOBIKE allows either party to move,
>   but not both at the same time. This implies that MOBIKE is best
>   suited for client - gateway or gateway - gateway applications. Two
>   mobile clients would find it hard to use MOBIKE directly between
>   themselves, and for such applications a gateway is recommended
>   between the communicating clients.
>
>   The multihoming support in MOBIKE allows either party to have
>   multiple addresses. This specification does not guarantee that
>   more than pair of such addresses can be used for payload traffic
>   at any one time, however. This implies that load-balancing =

> applications
>   are out of scope in the base protocol. Similarly, due to the nature
>   of the IKEv2 protocol and NAT considerations, MOBIKE is only =

> guaranteed
>   to work correctly over bidirectionally operational address pairs.
>   That is, the same pair of addresses is used in both directions. =

> Indeed,
>   the protocol mechanisms used to determine reachability of the
>   peer ensure that such a pair is in use.
>
>   The MOBIKE protocol can only be used once the IKE SAs have
>   been established. This implies that movements or additional
>   addresses for the peer can not be discovered until a working
>   connection to the peer has been established. This implies that
>   the IKE SA establishment phase has limitations with regards to
>   initial discovery of alternative addresses, unless those addresses
>   are known in the configuration and/or DNS. For details, see
>   Section 4.0.
>
>   NATs introduce additional limitations beyond those listed above.
>   For details, refer to Section 3.3.
>
>   The base version of the MOBIKE protocol may also not cover all =

> potential
>   future use scenarios, such as transport mode, application to securing
>   SCTP, or optimizations desirable in specific circumstances.  Future
>   extensions may be defined later to support additional requirements.
>
> And a new Section 4.0 between 4. and 4.1:
>
>   4.0 Addresses for the Initial IKE Exchange
>
>   The initiator is responsible for finding a working pair of
>   addresses so that the initial IKE exchange can be carried
>   out. Any information from MOBIKE extensions will only be
>   available later, when the exchange has progressed far enough.
>
>   IKE initiator may retrieve the peer address(es) from various
>   sources, such as the outgoing packet that triggered the
>   IKE exchange, configuration, or DNS. Similarly, the initiator
>   knows its own address(es).
>   If multiple peer addresses are known, the initiator SHOULD
>   vary the destination address in retranmissions, in case the
>   address used in the first attempt is inoperational. Similarly,
>   if these addresses do not appear to respond, the initiator
>   MAY vary the source address it uses for itself, in case there

i would suggest a SHOULD here

regards, marcelo


>   is a problem in a particular address prefix or the failure is
>   due to an ingress filtering problem.
>

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IETF-64 MOBIKE WG Agenda

Time:
  WEDNESDAY, November 9, 2005
  1300-1500 Afternoon Session I
  1510-1610 Afternoon Session II

Chairs:
  Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
  Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>

PRELIMINARIES (10 minutes)

 Bluesheets
 Agenda Bash
 Document Status
 Open Issue Summary:
 http://www.vpnc.org/ietf-mobike/issues.html
 Presentations and agenda online at:
 https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/meeting_materials.cgi?meeting_num=64

Base Protocol (Pasi Eronen)
  http://www.vpnc.org/ietf-org/draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-06.txt (to appear)
  - Discussion of remaining last call issue resolutions, if any
  - We intend to close everything before Vancouver and once the
    document submission re-opens, submit and send the draft to the
    ADs

Design Draft (Tero Kivinen)
  http://www.vpnc.org/ietf-org/draft-ietf-mobike-design-04.txt (to appear)
  - Discussion of remaining issues
  - Note: this is NOT for rehashing the decisions to change the protocol.
    This is about documenting the decisions and their rationale.

Extensions and New Work

  (Please submit agenda requests. Transport, SCTP, API, etc?)

Discussion of next steps (chairs)


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	<435F3240.8030904@piuha.net> 
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   Extensions and New Work
   
     (Please submit agenda requests. Transport, SCTP, API, etc?)
   
=> I don't believe it is very useful to discuss about the
transport mode/Mobike I-D (according to comments about it in
the list, BTW the I-D does not address issue #7).

For SCTP it is clear there is something to do but not so clear what...
BTW is the RFC 3554 supported? (if it is we should get the feedback
from an implementor)

For multi-homing in general I believe we should reconsider
the issues #8 and #20. Of course the issue #63 could apply.
(who should present this? IMHO we mainly need a discussion)

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

PS: http://www.vpnc.org/ietf-mobike/issues.html
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Francis Dupont wrote:

>=> I don't believe it is very useful to discuss about the
>transport mode/Mobike I-D (according to comments about it in
>the list, BTW the I-D does not address issue #7).
>
>For SCTP it is clear there is something to do but not so clear what...
>BTW is the RFC 3554 supported? (if it is we should get the feedback
>from an implementor)
>
>For multi-homing in general I believe we should reconsider
>the issues #8 and #20. Of course the issue #63 could apply.
>(who should present this? IMHO we mainly need a discussion)
>  
>
The transport draft does not have too many details.
We do not have a written proposal on the table for
SCTP support nor issue #8 extension of MOBIKE*.

However, as we are progressing with the base protocol
we now have some possibilities to discuss future things.
I think we should use this opportunity now, and if you
think some of the above issues are important, I would
recommend reserving a slot to talk about it. It may
require some preparation from you, however, such
as figuring out what the SCTP implementation situation
is or what issues are in providing additional IPsec/MOBIKE
support for SCTP.

Obviously, drafts and details are going to be needed at
some point, but what we actually wanted to talk about in
the meeting, I think, is more about the requirements more
than the bits. What do we want to achieve? Who would use
that, and would it fall within our job or somewhere else?
Details would also be useful in order to get an
understanding of what functionality X would mean in
terms of the bits, but they are not an absolute requirement.

--Jari

*) I don't think #8 extension needs #20, and personally
I'd rather not see #20 changed.

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IETF-64 MOBIKE WG Agenda

Time:
   WEDNESDAY, November 9, 2005
   1300-1500 Afternoon Session I
   1510-1610 Afternoon Session II

Chairs:
   Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
   Paul Hoffman <paul.hoffman@vpnc.org>

PRELIMINARIES (10 minutes)

  Bluesheets
  Agenda Bash
  Document Status
  Open Issue Summary:
  http://www.vpnc.org/ietf-mobike/issues.html
  Presentations and agenda online at:
  https://datatracker.ietf.org/public/meeting_materials.cgi?meeting_num=64

Base Protocol (Pasi Eronen)
   http://www.vpnc.org/ietf-org/draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-06.txt (to appear)
   - Discussion of remaining last call issue resolutions, if any
   - We intend to close everything before Vancouver and once the
     document submission re-opens, submit and send the draft to the
     ADs

Design Draft (Tero Kivinen)
   http://www.vpnc.org/ietf-org/draft-ietf-mobike-design-04.txt (to appear)
   - Discussion of remaining issues
   - Note: this is NOT for rehashing the decisions to change the protocol.
     This is about documenting the decisions and their rationale.

Extensions and New Work

   Goal of this part of the meeting is to gain an understanding
   of what additional functionality is proposed, who does this benefit,
   and discuss whether the group feels the work is warranted. A brief
   technical summary of the approach should be included, but most
   of the time should be spent on the issue of whether this work is
   needed, and why/why not.

   MOBIKE Extensions for PF_KEY (Hannes Tschofenig)
   http://www.tschofenig.com/drafts/draft-schilcher-mobike-pfkey-extension-01.txt

   Application Programming Interface to a Trigger Database for
   MOBIKE (Hannes Tschofenig)
   http://www.tschofenig.com/drafts/draft-schilcher-mobike-trigger-api-02.txt

   (Please submit additional agenda requests, if any)

Discussion of next steps (chairs)

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We now have a new draft version 05 available (see links [1]
and [2]). Pasi worked hard on the edits, and there was good
discussion on the list. But we did not quite get all issues
resolved in time for the I-D deadline. Therefore, the plan
is to produce version 06 just before IETF and submit it
for AD review and IESG either during or right after the
meeting.

At this time I'd like to call some issues closed and
invite (a) further discussion on the remaining issues
so that we can get them resolved and (b) review that
your issues have been correctly resolved in -05. We
are very close to getting everything agreed on, so
we're setting a new deadline on Wednesday 2nd Nov
(next week) to complete all discussion about the
resolutions of issues raised in WGLC.

The issue list is at [3]. The issues that I believe still
need further discussion are

     68 - minimal conformance requirements
     60 - addresses in ike sa_init/auth
     56 - ingress filtering
     51 - spi collisions
     46 - question about additional addresses
     45 - clarifications on security considerations

These also need editing:

     64 - stephane's editorial issues (just needs editing?)
     58 - deleting an address (just needs editing, we're not reopening old issue)
     54 - marcelo's editorial comments
     52 - security of address updates

The closed issues are as follows. (Of course, these would
benefit from their submitters checking correct
implementation in -05.)

     69 - rr requirements
     67 - certain vs. possible changed address info
     66 - imprecise explanation of what nat cases are not supported
     65 - jari's editorial issues
     63 - extensibility and payload
     62 - editorial comments from francis
     61 - version number, again
     59 - tero's editorial comments (Tero - please check -05)
     57 - question about initiator decides (I think the feeling
          was that nothing will be added to the protocol document,
          but Pasi's list marked this as open. Pasi?)
     55 - mobike scope and limitations (Everyone - please check -05;
          Pasi I think you mark this as closed because people were 
          agreeing to the text)
     53 - editorial comments from pete
     50 - more editorial comments from maureen
     47 - more comments from mohan (Mohan - please check -05)
     49 - editorial comments from maureen
     48 - editorial comments from james
     44 - nat changes and ike rekey (Pasi I think people were
          agreeing to the text)

Let us know if something was misclassified above...

Pointers:

[1] http://people.nokia.net/~pasi/draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-05.txt
[2] http://people.nokia.net/~pasi/draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-05-from-04.html
[3] http://www.vpnc.org/ietf-mobike/issues.html 
<http://www.vpnc.org/ietf-mobike/issues.html>

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In-reply-to: Your message of Wed, 26 Oct 2005 14:34:11 +0300.
	<435F69B3.3010800@piuha.net> 
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   >=> I don't believe it is very useful to discuss about the
   >transport mode/Mobike I-D (according to comments about it in
   >the list, BTW the I-D does not address issue #7).
   >
   >For SCTP it is clear there is something to do but not so clear what...
   >BTW is the RFC 3554 supported? (if it is we should get the feedback
   >from an implementor)
   >
   >For multi-homing in general I believe we should reconsider
   >the issues #8 and #20. Of course the issue #63 could apply.
   >(who should present this? IMHO we mainly need a discussion)

   The transport draft does not have too many details.

=> it doesn't need to get more details (:-). What do you want
which is not in issue #7?

   We do not have a written proposal on the table for
   SCTP support nor issue #8 extension of MOBIKE*.
   
=> for SCTP we have to know what is really need.
For the issue #8 the proposal is to simply add the list
of IKE and IPsec SAs to update with a simpler form which
updates every SAs (as we already have).

   However, as we are progressing with the base protocol
   we now have some possibilities to discuss future things.
   I think we should use this opportunity now, and if you
   think some of the above issues are important, I would
   recommend reserving a slot to talk about it.

=> I believe this was implied by my answer to the agenda call?

   It may
   require some preparation from you, however, such
   as figuring out what the SCTP implementation situation
   is or what issues are in providing additional IPsec/MOBIKE
   support for SCTP.
   
=> I prefer we get first feedback for RFC 3554 implementors:
IMHO if nobody has implemented it and nobody cares, it is the
sign the RFC 3554 way is wrong.

   Obviously, drafts and details are going to be needed at
   some point, but what we actually wanted to talk about in
   the meeting, I think, is more about the requirements more
   than the bits.

=> this is why I've begun with old issues which are about design
choice, i.e., requirements.

   What do we want to achieve? Who would use
   that, and would it fall within our job or somewhere else?
   Details would also be useful in order to get an
   understanding of what functionality X would mean in
   terms of the bits, but they are not an absolute requirement.
   
=> I agree: it depends on the case.
   
   *) I don't think #8 extension needs #20, and personally
   I'd rather not see #20 changed.
   
=> the "initiator decides" is very bad for multi-homing and
full freedom can become too easily full mess. My idea is to
split between initial and update:
 - initial IKE SA addresses are the addresses used in initial
   exchanges (IKE_SA_INIT and IKE_AUTH)
 - initial IPsec SA addresses are the addresses of the
   IKE SA which creates it at the creation time
 - updates can change any IKE SA or IPsec SA pair addresses
   (the new remote one has to be in the set declared by the peer).
 etc.
IMHO this setup then move is enough and simple enough to be
well understood.

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr
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--- Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net> wrote:

> Francis Dupont wrote:
> 
> >=> I don't believe it is very useful to discuss
> about the
> >transport mode/Mobike I-D (according to comments
> about it in
> >the list, BTW the I-D does not address issue #7).
> >
> >For SCTP it is clear there is something to do but
> not so clear what...
> >BTW is the RFC 3554 supported? (if it is we should
> get the feedback
> >from an implementor)
> >
> >For multi-homing in general I believe we should
> reconsider
> >the issues #8 and #20. Of course the issue #63
> could apply.
> >(who should present this? IMHO we mainly need a
> discussion)
> >  
> >
> The transport draft does not have too many details.
> We do not have a written proposal on the table for
> SCTP support nor issue #8 extension of MOBIKE*.
> 
>From what i can remember reading the transport draft
last time, it is not clear to me what it was trying to
address. It talked about how MOBIKE can be used for
MIPv6 BU protection and SCTP which are both transport
mode. Today, it already works with IKEv1/IKEv2. So,
why do we need MOBIKE ? 

Another *possibility* for transport mode MOBIKE is the
following. Today NAT-T works for transport mode SAs
also. This means if you establish a TCP connection
across a NAT to the server on a public address, and
the NAT changes the mapping and the TCP connection
would still work. TCP connection on the server is
still bound to the old NAT public address but IPsec
has updated itself to the new address. Now i don't
know how many implementations really work for this
case. (Perhaps it works only for L2TP, GRE over IPsec
like tunnels). With MOBIKE, one can still change
the address and send an UPDATE to the peer. The
transport connection should work without a change.
I have not thought out all the details. Is this an
interesting case to be solved by MOBIKE ?

-mohan

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At 3:39 PM +0300 10/26/05, Jari Arkko wrote:
>Therefore, the plan
>is to produce version 06 just before IETF and submit it
>for AD review and IESG either during or right after the
>meeting.

Just to be clear, the order of the coming steps are:

1) The editor produces -06.

2) The WG chairs ask the WG for a sanity check (no need to do another 
formal WG last call).

3) The WG chairs pass the draft to the AD with a statement about the consensus.

4) The AD considers the document. If he has concerns, he brings them 
back to the WG, and the WG either answers his concerns in a message 
or the editors fix the concerns with a new draft. Loop back to step 3.

5) The AD asks for an IETF-wide last call, which lasts two weeks.

6) If the IETF-wide last call brings up issues, the WG deals with 
them, and possibly a new draft is issued.

7) The IESG starts its review.


--Paul Hoffman, Director
--VPN Consortium
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Wed Oct 26 13:28:03 2005
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From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
To: Mohan Parthasarathy <mohanp@sbcglobal.net>
In-reply-to: Your message of Wed, 26 Oct 2005 09:59:10 PDT.
	<20051026165910.28787.qmail@web80606.mail.yahoo.com> 
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   From what i can remember reading the transport draft
   last time, it is not clear to me what it was trying to
   address. It talked about how MOBIKE can be used for
   MIPv6 BU protection and SCTP which are both transport
   mode. Today, it already works with IKEv1/IKEv2. So,
   why do we need MOBIKE ? 
   
=> MIPv6 BU protection and SCTP have an authorization issue
(remember the zillion of messages in the mip WG mailing list
about this). The address management provided my MOBIKE
is a clean and simple solution to this issue.
So MOBIKE is not needed but simplifies the world.
(you should reread the draft, even you are one of the few
persons I know they have read it :-).

   Another *possibility* for transport mode MOBIKE is the
   following. Today NAT-T works for transport mode SAs
   also.

=> not in the IKEv2 framework (i.e., NAT-T support for
transport mode is an extension).

   This means if you establish a TCP connection
   across a NAT to the server on a public address, and
   the NAT changes the mapping and the TCP connection
   would still work. TCP connection on the server is
   still bound to the old NAT public address but IPsec
   has updated itself to the new address. Now i don't
   know how many implementations really work for this
   case.

=> only a little number because the IPsec marker is VPN,
i.e., tunnel mode only.

   (Perhaps it works only for L2TP, GRE over IPsec
   like tunnels). With MOBIKE, one can still change
   the address and send an UPDATE to the peer.

=> note with transport mode you don't change the endpoint
addresses but the traffic selectors.

   The transport connection should work without a change.
   I have not thought out all the details. Is this an
   interesting case to be solved by MOBIKE ?
   
=> this is the issue #7 and I explicitely didn't propose
to reopen it (you can but please don't mix this with my
transport mode/MOBIKE draft).

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr
   
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To: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
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--- Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
wrote:

>  In your previous mail you wrote:
> 
>    From what i can remember reading the transport
> draft
>    last time, it is not clear to me what it was
> trying to
>    address. It talked about how MOBIKE can be used
> for
>    MIPv6 BU protection and SCTP which are both
> transport
>    mode. Today, it already works with IKEv1/IKEv2.
> So,
>    why do we need MOBIKE ? 
>    
> => MIPv6 BU protection and SCTP have an
> authorization issue
> (remember the zillion of messages in the mip WG
> mailing list
> about this). The address management provided my
> MOBIKE
> is a clean and simple solution to this issue.
> So MOBIKE is not needed but simplifies the world.
> (you should reread the draft, even you are one of
> the few
> persons I know they have read it :-).
> 
In the case of MIP6 it might make sense because
MN-HA MUST use IPsec to protect BUs and MOBIKE
provides the RR check for the CoA. But SCTP has to
solve the authorization issue anyway because you
may not use IPsec with SCTP always.

>    Another *possibility* for transport mode MOBIKE
> is the
>    following. Today NAT-T works for transport mode
> SAs
>    also.
> 
> => not in the IKEv2 framework (i.e., NAT-T support
> for
> transport mode is an extension).
> 
I am not sure i understand this.
Can you point me to a section in IKEv2 draft which
states this ? 

>    This means if you establish a TCP connection
>    across a NAT to the server on a public address,
> and
>    the NAT changes the mapping and the TCP
> connection
>    would still work. TCP connection on the server is
>    still bound to the old NAT public address but
> IPsec
>    has updated itself to the new address. Now i
> don't
>    know how many implementations really work for
> this
>    case.
> 
> => only a little number because the IPsec marker is
> VPN,
> i.e., tunnel mode only.
> 
Agreed.

>    (Perhaps it works only for L2TP, GRE over IPsec
>    like tunnels). With MOBIKE, one can still change
>    the address and send an UPDATE to the peer.
> 
> => note with transport mode you don't change the
> endpoint
> addresses but the traffic selectors.
> 
Not in this case. In this case the traffic selectors
don't change across mobility. I just realised that
this has the same problems as the "spi collisions"
issue. The transport connection is still bound to the
original address which can be reused by some other
node. But should be less of an issue with "IP-IP"
transport mode like tunnels i guess.

>    The transport connection should work without a
> change.
>    I have not thought out all the details. Is this
> an
>    interesting case to be solved by MOBIKE ?
>    
> => this is the issue #7 and I explicitely didn't
> propose
> to reopen it (you can but please don't mix this with
> my
> transport mode/MOBIKE draft).
> 
Issue 7 is about transport mode. You have to reopen
it for your draft too :-)

-mohan

> Regards
> 
> Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr
>    
> _______________________________________________
> Mobike mailing list
> Mobike@machshav.com
> https://www.machshav.com/mailman/listinfo.cgi/mobike
> 

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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Wed Oct 26 17:08:13 2005
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   > => MIPv6 BU protection and SCTP have an
   > authorization issue
   > (remember the zillion of messages in the mip WG
   > mailing list
   > about this). The address management provided my
   > MOBIKE
   > is a clean and simple solution to this issue.
   > So MOBIKE is not needed but simplifies the world.
   > (you should reread the draft, even you are one of
   > the few
   > persons I know they have read it :-).

   In the case of MIP6 it might make sense because
   MN-HA MUST use IPsec to protect BUs and MOBIKE
   provides the RR check for the CoA.

=> hum, it seems we are in complete misunderstanding...
In MIPv6 the MN-HA IKE is run over the CoA but the IPsec SA
pair in transport mode must be established with the HoA.
So IKE has to check if the MN has the authorization to use
this particular HoA. In place to have a dedicated code for MIPv6
in IKE I simply propose to use the MOBIKE framework to add the
HoA as an additional address and to check (not using RR please :-)
if it is authorized.

   But SCTP has to
   solve the authorization issue anyway because you
   may not use IPsec with SCTP always.
   
=> I am talking about authorization of additional peer addresses
in IKE/IPsec.

   > => not in the IKEv2 framework (i.e., NAT-T support
   > for transport mode is an extension).

   I am not sure i understand this.
   Can you point me to a section in IKEv2 draft which
   states this ? 
   
=> I believed there was no NAT-T support for transport mode because
there is no NAT-OA but you are right:

      The original source and destination IP address required for the
      transport mode TCP and UDP packet checksum fixup (see [Hutt04])
      are obtained from the Traffic Selectors associated with the
      exchange.

Note this makes more complex to path the Traffic Selectors (:-).

   But should be less of an issue with "IP-IP"
   transport mode like tunnels i guess.

=> yes, the IP-IP transport mode is clearly a special case.
(there is a comment by Joe Touch about this in issue #7)
   
   Issue 7 is about transport mode. You have to reopen
   it for your draft too :-)
   
=> the issue #7 question is a bit ambiguous but as it is from
a comment of mine, the real issue is about peer address change
for transport mode SAs (so not addressed by my draft)
So can we agree that to reopen the issue #7 is to look at
if/how to update transport mode SAs?

BTW my opinion is the complexity is too high and the current
solution (reestablish SAs with new addresses) is enough
in the general case.
   
Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

PS: for the tunnel special case (the traffic is selected by it is
in the tunnel, i.e., a particular interface and protocol) we have
two choices:
 - write a specific document
 - add it in the transport document (I can provide the current
   version in xml2rfc to a co-author who shall write the text).
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--- Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
wrote:

>  In your previous mail you wrote:
> 
>    > => MIPv6 BU protection and SCTP have an
>    > authorization issue
>    > (remember the zillion of messages in the mip WG
>    > mailing list
>    > about this). The address management provided my
>    > MOBIKE
>    > is a clean and simple solution to this issue.
>    > So MOBIKE is not needed but simplifies the
> world.
>    > (you should reread the draft, even you are one
> of
>    > the few
>    > persons I know they have read it :-).
> 
>    In the case of MIP6 it might make sense because
>    MN-HA MUST use IPsec to protect BUs and MOBIKE
>    provides the RR check for the CoA.
> 
> => hum, it seems we are in complete
> misunderstanding...
>
hmm.. i am not sure whether there were zillions of
mail
on this case :-)

> In MIPv6 the MN-HA IKE is run over the CoA but the
> IPsec SA
> pair in transport mode must be established with the
> HoA.
> So IKE has to check if the MN has the authorization
> to use
> this particular HoA. In place to have a dedicated
> code for MIPv6
> in IKE I simply propose to use the MOBIKE framework
> to add the
> HoA as an additional address and to check (not using
> RR please :-)
> if it is authorized.
> 
So, the authorization still happens the same way as
defined in RFC 3776.  It is just that you are using
a different mechanism to convey the home address i.e
instead of ID/Traffic selectors i.e you are using
MOBIKE mechanism. Am i understanding this right ? 

>    But SCTP has to
>    solve the authorization issue anyway because you
>    may not use IPsec with SCTP always.
>    
> => I am talking about authorization of additional
> peer addresses
> in IKE/IPsec.
> 
>    > => not in the IKEv2 framework (i.e., NAT-T
> support
>    > for transport mode is an extension).
 
> 
>    But should be less of an issue with "IP-IP"
>    transport mode like tunnels i guess.
> 
> => yes, the IP-IP transport mode is clearly a
> special case.
> (there is a comment by Joe Touch about this in issue
> #7)
>    
>    Issue 7 is about transport mode. You have to
> reopen
>    it for your draft too :-)
>    
> => the issue #7 question is a bit ambiguous but as
> it is from
> a comment of mine, the real issue is about peer
> address change
> for transport mode SAs (so not addressed by my
> draft)
> So can we agree that to reopen the issue #7 is to
> look at
> if/how to update transport mode SAs?
> 
At least that was my understanding :-)

> BTW my opinion is the complexity is too high and the
> current
> solution (reestablish SAs with new addresses) is
> enough
> in the general case.
>    
I am not sure i agree on why this is more complex.

-mohan

> Regards
> 
> Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr
> 
> PS: for the tunnel special case (the traffic is
> selected by it is
> in the tunnel, i.e., a particular interface and
> protocol) we have
> two choices:
>  - write a specific document
>  - add it in the transport document (I can provide
> the current
>    version in xml2rfc to a co-author who shall write
> the text).
> 

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In-reply-to: Your message of Wed, 26 Oct 2005 14:54:56 PDT.
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   So, the authorization still happens the same way as
   defined in RFC 3776.

=> yes, the authorization is still needed.

   It is just that you are using
   a different mechanism to convey the home address i.e
   instead of ID/Traffic selectors i.e you are using
   MOBIKE mechanism.

=> I still use the traffic selectors but never the ID.

   Am i understanding this right ? 

=> more but perhaps not yet the whole idea. How to do express
the authorization in your favorite IKE implementation?
Does it work well with a dynamic HoA? With MOBIKE there is no
problem, or if your prefer, MOBIKE has the problems and
MIPv6 relies on the solutions used for MOBIKE.
   
   > So can we agree that to reopen the issue #7 is to
   > look at if/how to update transport mode SAs?

   At least that was my understanding :-)
   
   > BTW my opinion is the complexity is too high and the...

   I am not sure i agree on why this is more complex.
   
=> I have done many times the code for MIPv6 (updating tunnel endpoints
in IPsec SAs, SPDs, IKE) so I know it is not so difficult. I don't know
how to do for general transport mode, i.e, updating traffic selectors.
So I prefer to avoid a specification which is too hard to implement
(so won't be implemented) without a proof of a real need.
   
Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr
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Hi Mohan,

>>From what i can remember reading the transport draft
>last time, it is not clear to me what it was trying to
>address. It talked about how MOBIKE can be used for
>MIPv6 BU protection and SCTP which are both transport
>mode. Today, it already works with IKEv1/IKEv2. So,
>why do we need MOBIKE ? 
>  
>
And Francis wrote:

>So MOBIKE is not needed but simplifies the world.
>
These are precisely the type of questions we'd
have to figure out before starting work.

>Another *possibility* for transport mode MOBIKE is the
>following. Today NAT-T works for transport mode SAs
>also. This means if you establish a TCP connection
>across a NAT to the server on a public address, and
>the NAT changes the mapping and the TCP connection
>would still work. TCP connection on the server is
>still bound to the old NAT public address but IPsec
>has updated itself to the new address. Now i don't
>know how many implementations really work for this
>case. (Perhaps it works only for L2TP, GRE over IPsec
>like tunnels). With MOBIKE, one can still change
>the address and send an UPDATE to the peer. The
>transport connection should work without a change.
>I have not thought out all the details. Is this an
>interesting case to be solved by MOBIKE ?
>  
>
Possibly. What I'd like to see before taking
on any new work is a rationale why some
function is needed and a scenario where this
is used. I can see what you are saying technically,
but we'd have to figure out who would use
it. Where is transport mode IPsec used today,
and would it benefit from MOBIKE support?
Would potential users adopt it?

--jari

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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the IKEv2 Mobility and Multihoming Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: IKEv2 Mobility and Multihoming Protocol (MOBIKE)
	Author(s)	: P. Eronen
	Filename	: draft-ietf-mobike-protocol-05.txt
	Pages		: 33
	Date		: 2005-10-27
	
This document describes the MOBIKE protocol, a mobility and
   multihoming extension to Internet Key Exchange (IKEv2).  MOBIKE
   allows hosts to update the (outer) IP addresses associated with IKEv2
   and tunnel mode IPsec Security Associations.  A mobile VPN client
   could use MOBIKE to keep the connection with the VPN gateway active
   while moving from one address to another.  Similarly, a multihomed
   host could use MOBIKE to move the traffic to a different interface
   if, for instance, the one currently being used stops working.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
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 > Possibly. What I'd like to see before taking
> on any new work is a rationale why some
> function is needed and a scenario where this
> is used. I can see what you are saying technically,
> but we'd have to figure out who would use
> it. Where is transport mode IPsec used today,
> and would it benefit from MOBIKE support?
> Would potential users adopt it?
> 
Completely agreed.

-mohan

> --jari
> 
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Fri Oct 28 03:54:22 2005
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From: Tero Kivinen <kivinen@iki.fi>
To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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Subject: [Mobike] Issue 59 (was: protocol draft status and moving forward)
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Jari Arkko writes:
>      59 - tero's editorial comments (Tero - please check -05)

Checking...

Hmm... 1, 4, 5, 6 seems to be in the draft.

9 is missing, and 10 is missing the picture.

11 and 12 seems also be missing.

Here is actual changes needed to be made to 05:

Change
----------------------------------------------------------------------
   4.  Payload Formats  . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     4.1.  MOBIKE_SUPPORTED Notify Payload  . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     4.2.  ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS Notify Payloads . . . . . . . . . 20
     4.3.  NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES Notify Payload . . . . . . . . . . 20
     4.4.  UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES Notify Payload . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
     4.5.  UNACCEPTABLE_ADDRESSES Notify Payload  . . . . . . . . . . 21
     4.6.  COOKIE2 Notify Payload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
     4.7.  NO_NATS_ALLOWED Notify Payload . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
     4.8.  UNEXPECTED_NAT_DETECTED Notify Payload . . . . . . . . . . 21
----------------------------------------------------------------------
to
----------------------------------------------------------------------
   4.  Payload Formats
     4.1   Notify messages - Error types
       4.1.1  UNACCEPTABLE_ADDRESSES Notify Payload
       4.1.2  UNEXPECTED_NAT_DETECTED Notify Payload
     4.2  Notify messages - Status types
       4.2.1.  MOBIKE_SUPPORTED Notify Payload
       4.2.2.  ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS Notify Payloads
       4.2.3.  NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES Notify Payload
       4.2.4.  UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES Notify Payload
       4.2.5.  COOKIE2 Notify Payload
       4.2.6.  NO_NATS_ALLOWED Notify Payload
----------------------------------------------------------------------


And change the section
----------------------------------------------------------------------
4.  Payload Formats

   This specification defines several new IKEv2 Notify payload types.
   The UNACCEPTABLE_ADDRESSES and UNEXPECTED_NAT_DETECTED notifications
   are "error types"; the other notifications are "status types".  See
   [IKEv2] Section 3.10 for a general description of the Notify payload.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
to:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
4.  Payload Formats

   This specification defines several new IKEv2 Notify payload types.
   See [IKEv2] Section 3.10 for a general description of the Notify
   payload.

4.1  Notify messages - Error types

4.1.1  UNACCEPTABLE_ADDRESSES Notify Payload

...

4.2  Notify messages - Status types

...
----------------------------------------------------------------------


Also change the section 6. IANA Considerations from:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
      Notify Message               Value
      ---------------------------  -----
      MOBIKE_SUPPORTED             TBD-BY-IANA1 (16396..40959)
      ADDITIONAL_IP4_ADDRESS       TBD-BY-IANA2 (16396..40959)
      ADDITIONAL_IP6_ADDRESS       TBD-BY-IANA3 (16396..40959)
      NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES      TBD-BY-IANA4 (16396..40959)
      UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES          TBD-BY-IANA5 (16396..40959)
      UNACCEPTABLE_ADDRESSES       TBD-BY-IANA6 (40..8191)
      COOKIE2                      TBD-BY-IANA7 (16396..40959)
      NO_NATS_ALLOWED              TBD-BY-IANA8 (16396..40959)
      UNEXPECTED_NAT_DETECTED      TBD-BY-IANA9 (40..8191)
----------------------------------------------------------------------

to

----------------------------------------------------------------------
      NOTIFY MESSAGES - ERROR TYPES      Value
      ------------------------------     -----
      UNACCEPTABLE_ADDRESSES       	 TBD-BY-IANA6 (40..8191)
      UNEXPECTED_NAT_DETECTED      	 TBD-BY-IANA9 (40..8191)

      NOTIFY MESSAGES - STATUS TYPES     Value
      ------------------------------     -----
      MOBIKE_SUPPORTED             	 TBD-BY-IANA1 (16396..40959)
      ADDITIONAL_IP4_ADDRESS       	 TBD-BY-IANA2 (16396..40959)
      ADDITIONAL_IP6_ADDRESS       	 TBD-BY-IANA3 (16396..40959)
      NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES      	 TBD-BY-IANA4 (16396..40959)
      UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES          	 TBD-BY-IANA5 (16396..40959)
      COOKIE2                      	 TBD-BY-IANA7 (16396..40959)
      NO_NATS_ALLOWED              	 TBD-BY-IANA8 (16396..40959)
----------------------------------------------------------------------

Just to align with the format used in the IKEv2.


For 10 change:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
4.7.  NO_NATS_ALLOWED Notify Payload

   See Section 3.9 for a description of this notification.

   The data field of this notification contains the following
   information: the IP address from which the packet was sent (4 or 16
   bytes), the port from which the packet was sent (2 bytes, network
   byte order), the IP addresss to which the packet was sent (4 or 16
   bytes), and the port to which the packet was sent (2 bytes, network
   byte order).  The total length of the data field is thus 12 bytes for
   IPv4 and 36 bytes for IPv6.  The Notify Message Type for this message
   is TBD-BY-IANA8.  The Protocol ID and SPI Size fields are set to
   zero.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

to (just added the picture)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
4.7.  NO_NATS_ALLOWED Notify Payload

   See Section 3.9 for a description of this notification.

   The data field of this notification contains the following
   information: the IP address from which the packet was sent (4 or 16
   bytes), the port from which the packet was sent (2 bytes, network
   byte order), the IP addresss to which the packet was sent (4 or 16
   bytes), and the port to which the packet was sent (2 bytes, network
   byte order).  The total length of the data field is thus 12 bytes for
   IPv4 and 36 bytes for IPv6.

	Data = src-ip (4 or 16 bytes) | src-port (2 bytes) |
	       dst-ip (4 or 16 bytes) | dst-port (2 bytes)

   The Notify Message Type for this message is TBD-BY-IANA8. The
   Protocol ID and SPI Size fields are set to zero.
----------------------------------------------------------------------


For 11 change: (there is also some half-written sentence there that I
fixed at the same time)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
   MOBIKE introduces the NO_NATS_ALLOWED notification that is used to
   detect modification, by outsiders, of the addresses in the IP header.
   Such modifications can only be performed by attackers who are on the
   path and capable of modifying the When this notification is used,
   communication through NATs and other address translators is
   impossible, so it is sent only when not doing NAT Traversal.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

to

----------------------------------------------------------------------
   MOBIKE introduces the NO_NATS_ALLOWED notification that is used to
   detect modification, by outsiders, of the addresses in the IP
   header. When this notification is used, communication through NATs
   and other address translators is impossible, so it is sent only
   when not doing NAT Traversal. One of the main uses for this feature
   is the IPv6 networks.
----------------------------------------------------------------------


For 12 change:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
   MOBIKE address updates and ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS notifications
   reveal information about which networks the peers are connected to.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

to

----------------------------------------------------------------------
   MOBIKE address updates and ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS notifications
   reveal information about which networks the peers are connected to.
   Note, that this information is only available to the other peers,
   not to the passive listeners of the traffic.
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Fri Oct 28 04:45:02 2005
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] MOBIKE WG Agenda for IETF-64, take 1
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Francis Dupont writes:
>    It may
>    require some preparation from you, however, such
>    as figuring out what the SCTP implementation situation
>    is or what issues are in providing additional IPsec/MOBIKE
>    support for SCTP.
>    
> => I prefer we get first feedback for RFC 3554 implementors:
> IMHO if nobody has implemented it and nobody cares, it is the
> sign the RFC 3554 way is wrong.

We have rfc3554 implemented, but I do not think any of our customers
actually uses it. Or at least none of the customers have ever
complained or questioned anything about it from our support people,
and that usually means that they are not using it at all.

Note also that RFC3554 had this wierd text that indicated that you
could actually use ID_LIST in the Phase 1 IDs too, and that is not
possible in the IKEv2. The ID payload of the IKEv2 is always single
identity, not a list. The traffic selectors used in the IPsec SAs are
lists so there should not be problem to use those in the SCTP.

The IKEv2 traffic selectors sent by the initiator must of course be
such that the responder can narrow the TSr to be his own set of
IP-addresses, i.e. the initiator sends TSi list with his own
addresses, and sends 0.0.0.0.-255.255.255.255 and
::-FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF:FFFF ip-adderess as TSr, so
responder can then narrow it down to his own set of IP-addresses.

I have not followed SCTP documents, but RFC3554 says that there
currently is no way to modify the addresses when they are in use. Does
anybody know if that has already changed, i.e. does the SCTP now
support changing the addresses while it is in use? At least there are
no RFCs yet about that.

Also the current SCTP model seems to be that it uses only the one
IP-address pair at time, and only uses the others when the primary
address pair is not working. This actually means that supporting that
in IKEv2/MOBIKE is quite simple, and only requires basic MOBIKE
abilities (i.e. the things we have in the draft now).
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Fri Oct 28 05:02:38 2005
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Cc: MOBIKE Mailing List <mobike@machshav.com>,
        Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
Subject: [Mobike] SCTP (Was: Re:  MOBIKE WG Agenda for IETF-64, take 1)
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Tero Kivinen wrote:

>I have not followed SCTP documents, but RFC3554 says that there
>currently is no way to modify the addresses when they are in use. Does
>anybody know if that has already changed, i.e. does the SCTP now
>support changing the addresses while it is in use? At least there are
>no RFCs yet about that.
>  
>
Real experts should be answering this, but
draft-ietf-tsvwg-addip-sctp-12.txt appears to be
able to do that. Tracker says the draft is "active",
which does not tell me much.

--Jari

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Jari Arkko writes:
> The issue list is at [3]. The issues that I believe still
> need further discussion are
>      56 - ingress filtering

Actually I think the design draft should have enough text about this
(see section 5.1.2. Connectivity).

I do not think we need more than what is now in the protocol draft
already i.e:

----------------------------------------------------------------------
   MOBIKE follows the IKEv2 practice where a response message is sent to
   the same address and port from which the request was received.  This
   implies that MOBIKE does not work over unidirectional paths.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

but I would change that to:

----------------------------------------------------------------------
   MOBIKE follows the IKEv2 practice where a response message is sent to
   the same address and port from which the request was received.  This
   implies that MOBIKE does not work over unidirectional address
   pairs.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

i.e change "unidirectional paths" to "unidirectional address pairs",
as we do not really care about paths but address pairs.

MOBIKE will work perfectly if even if there is 2 unidirectional paths
(if we use the definition of path that includes the route of the
packet), which form one bidirectional address pair for MOBIKE to
use...
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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Jari Arkko writes:
> The issue list is at [3]. The issues that I believe still
> need further discussion are
> 
>      46 - question about additional addresses

There are some changes still missing from the 05 for this.

The beginning of the 3.6 would need to be changed, i.e. change

----------------------------------------------------------------------
   As described in Section 3.4, both the initiator and responder can
   send a list of additional addresses in the IKE_AUTH exchange.  This
   information can be updated by sending an INFORMATIONAL exchange
   request message that contains either one or more ADDITIONAL_IP4/
   6_ADDRESS notifications or the NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification.
   The message exchange will look as follows:
----------------------------------------------------------------------

to

----------------------------------------------------------------------
   As described in Section 3.4, both the initiator and responder can
   send a list of additional addresses in the IKE_AUTH exchange.  This
   information can be updated by sending an INFORMATIONAL exchange
   request message that contains either one or more ADDITIONAL_IP4/
   6_ADDRESS notifications or the NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES
   notification. The NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notify is used to
   indicate that there are no additional addresses besides the address
   used in the IP-headers. The ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS are used to
   give complete list of additional addresses (in addition to the one
   in the IP-header). The new address list will completely overwrite
   the previous list.

   The message exchange will look as follows:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Fri Oct 28 05:33:05 2005
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

   > => I prefer we get first feedback for RFC 3554 implementors:
   > IMHO if nobody has implemented it and nobody cares, it is the
   > sign the RFC 3554 way is wrong.
   
   We have rfc3554 implemented

=> fine! It seems we have found the right person to launch the
discussion.

Regards

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr
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 In your previous mail you wrote:

      MOBIKE follows the IKEv2 practice where a response message is sent to

=> in fact this is more a requirement than a practice...

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr

PS: I am okay for the proposed change.
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Mohan Parthasarathy wrote:
>
> I am okay with this. 
> 
> Note we are talking about "Changes in NAT mappings". Is it 
> okay for an implementation to implement just one of the 
> two schemes
> 
> 1) send NAT-D payloads in DPD messages, compare the response 
>     with the previou UPDATE_SA_ADDRESS response
> 2) send NAT-D payloads in DPD messages with UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES

The spec allows the initiator to decide which way it wants to do, 
but doesn't require any particular method of choosing. Hardcoding
is obviously one valid way (but so are a configuration option
and dynamic selection based on some heuristic).

The responder will support both anyway (but doesn't really need 
additional code, since it cannot know whether a message is 
"DPD message" or something else).

Best regards,
Pasi
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Mohan Parthasarathy wrote:
> > How about rephrasing this as follows?
> > 
> >     Note that both peers can have their own policies about what
> >     addresses are acceptable to use, and certain types of policies
> >     may simplify implementation. For instance, if the responder
> >     has a single fixed address, it does need to process
> >     ADDITIONAL_*_ADDRESS notifications it receives (beyond
> >     ignoring unrecognized status notifications as already required
> >     in [IKEv2]). Furthermore, if the initiator has a policy saying
> 
> In section 4.5, it talks about how a responder can try a different
> address for its peer. The responder itself has only one address
> but it can try different peer addresses. Or Are you saying that
> the policy says don't try different peer addresses ?

That part of Section 4.5 (in -04; Section 3.6 in -05) talks about 
what is done when the responder's address changes.  The text about
having a "single _fixed_ address" was trying to say that the
address doesn't change, so that part of Section 4.5 doesn't apply.

Best regards,
Pasi
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Fri Oct 28 08:02:11 2005
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	forward)
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Tero Kivinen wrote:
> Checking...
> 
> Hmm... 1, 4, 5, 6 seems to be in the draft.
> 9 is missing, and 10 is missing the picture.
> 11 and 12 seems also be missing.
> 
> Here is actual changes needed to be made to 05:
>
<snip>
> Just to align with the format used in the IKEv2.

The need for a fifty-page clarifications document suggests that 
on editorial issues, we probably shouldn't align with IKEv2 
too closely :-)

But OK, I'll make this change so we get this issue closed...

> For 10 change:
<snip>
> to (just added the picture)
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> 4.7.  NO_NATS_ALLOWED Notify Payload
> 
>    See Section 3.9 for a description of this notification.
> 
>    The data field of this notification contains the following
>    information: the IP address from which the packet was sent (4 or 16
>    bytes), the port from which the packet was sent (2 bytes, network
>    byte order), the IP addresss to which the packet was sent (4 or 16
>    bytes), and the port to which the packet was sent (2 bytes, network
>    byte order).  The total length of the data field is thus 
>    12 bytes for IPv4 and 36 bytes for IPv6.
> 
> 	Data = src-ip (4 or 16 bytes) | src-port (2 bytes) |
> 	       dst-ip (4 or 16 bytes) | dst-port (2 bytes)
> 
>    The Notify Message Type for this message is TBD-BY-IANA8. The
>    Protocol ID and SPI Size fields are set to zero.
> ----------------------------------------------------------------------

IMHO we shouldn't repeat exactly the same information twice.  Do you
think there's a danger than an implementors would misunderstand the
current text and get interop problems? (if yes, we should rewrite 
the text; if not, it's good enough and doesn't need polishing)

> For 11 change: (there is also some half-written sentence there 
> that I fixed at the same time)
<snip>
> to
>    MOBIKE introduces the NO_NATS_ALLOWED notification that is used to
>    detect modification, by outsiders, of the addresses in the IP
>    header. When this notification is used, communication through NATs
>    and other address translators is impossible, so it is sent only
>    when not doing NAT Traversal. One of the main uses for this feature
>    is the IPv6 networks.

For sub-issue 11, I already added a mention of IPv6 elsewhere.
E.g.  Section 3.9 says "This feature is mainly intended for IPv6 
and site-to-site VPN cases..."

Is mentioning IPv6 some more helpful for the reader..?

> For 12 change:
<snip>
>    Note, that this information is only available to the other peers,
>    not to the passive listeners of the traffic.

For sub-isuse 12, I already added this later in the same section:

   Furthermore, the ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS notifications are sent
   encrypted, so the addresses are not visible to eavesdroppers
   (unless, of course, they are later used for sending IKEv2/IPsec
   traffic).

Is that sufficient?

Best regards,
Pasi
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Pasi.Eronen@nokia.com writes:
> The need for a fifty-page clarifications document suggests that 
> on editorial issues, we probably shouldn't align with IKEv2 
> too closely :-)

True, but thats why I do want to add the text in this document, not on
the mobike-clarifications document. Thus lets put all the text here
please, and do not try to condence things that you think are not
needed (as we later will notice that people will misunderstand those
and we need clarifications document). 

> > ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> > 4.7.  NO_NATS_ALLOWED Notify Payload
> > 
> >    See Section 3.9 for a description of this notification.
> > 
> >    The data field of this notification contains the following
> >    information: the IP address from which the packet was sent (4 or 16
> >    bytes), the port from which the packet was sent (2 bytes, network
> >    byte order), the IP addresss to which the packet was sent (4 or 16
> >    bytes), and the port to which the packet was sent (2 bytes, network
> >    byte order).  The total length of the data field is thus 
> >    12 bytes for IPv4 and 36 bytes for IPv6.
> > 
> > 	Data = src-ip (4 or 16 bytes) | src-port (2 bytes) |
> > 	       dst-ip (4 or 16 bytes) | dst-port (2 bytes)
> > 
> >    The Notify Message Type for this message is TBD-BY-IANA8. The
> >    Protocol ID and SPI Size fields are set to zero.
> > ----------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> IMHO we shouldn't repeat exactly the same information twice.  Do you
> think there's a danger than an implementors would misunderstand the
> current text and get interop problems? (if yes, we should rewrite 
> the text; if not, it's good enough and doesn't need polishing)

Yes. People WILL misunderstand any text you put there.

If you do not want to add the text twice, then add the picture, not
the text. Text is hard to parse when you are trying to implement
things, and then you end up interpreting every hidden meaning before
each word used.

There was several missinterpretations of the IKEv2 section 2.15 which
do not have picture what is signed in the auth payload, but just text
explaining that. This was clarified in the section 3.1 of the
clarifiation draft. 

> > For 11 change: (there is also some half-written sentence there 
> > that I fixed at the same time)
> <snip>
> > to
> >    MOBIKE introduces the NO_NATS_ALLOWED notification that is used to
> >    detect modification, by outsiders, of the addresses in the IP
> >    header. When this notification is used, communication through NATs
> >    and other address translators is impossible, so it is sent only
> >    when not doing NAT Traversal. One of the main uses for this feature
> >    is the IPv6 networks.
> 
> For sub-issue 11, I already added a mention of IPv6 elsewhere.
> E.g.  Section 3.9 says "This feature is mainly intended for IPv6 
> and site-to-site VPN cases..."
> 
> Is mentioning IPv6 some more helpful for the reader..?

Yes. I think it should be repeated also in the security considerations
section, just to tell where this protection can be used. 

> > For 12 change:
> <snip>
> >    Note, that this information is only available to the other peers,
> >    not to the passive listeners of the traffic.
> 
> For sub-isuse 12, I already added this later in the same section:
> 
>    Furthermore, the ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS notifications are sent
>    encrypted, so the addresses are not visible to eavesdroppers
>    (unless, of course, they are later used for sending IKEv2/IPsec
>    traffic).
> 
> Is that sufficient?

Hmm.... I would like it to be mentioned in the first paragraph, as it
will clearly identify the problem to the reader immediately, so he can
skip the whole section if that does not apply to him, but I think it
could be enough to have it there where it is now.
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Fri Oct 28 09:26:03 2005
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I think the section 3.5 should change the text:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
   o  If the response contains an UNACCEPTABLE_ADDRESSES notification,
      the initiator MAY select another addresses and retry the exchange,
      keep on using the current addresses, or disconnect.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

to

----------------------------------------------------------------------
   o  If the response contains an UNACCEPTABLE_ADDRESSES notification,
      the initiator MAY select another addresses and retry the exchange,
      keep on using the previously used addresses, or disconnect.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

as we have already updated the current used addresses of the IKE SA
when we stared the process (i.e. in step 1 of section 3.5)

Actually it might good to use numbered list of the steps, so it would
be easier to point in to that list...
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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From mobike-bounces@machshav.com Fri Oct 28 09:50:22 2005
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Subject: [Mobike] Do we need text about failing RR
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The current document is missing text what happens if the return
routability check fails.

Should we add some text about that?

If there it is genuine attack then we of course want to tear down the
IKE SA (i.e. we do not get any reply back for the RR at all).

The problem is that this might cause IKE SA to teared down even when
there is no attack in case the selected link goes down before the RR
but after the update.

I.e the case is like this:

  Initiator				Responder
  ---------				---------

  Currently using IP_I1 and IP_R1
  for traffic

  Send address update
  (IP_I2:500 -> IP_R1:500)
  HDR, SK { N(UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES) } -->

					Responder processes the
					request and send ACK.
				    <-- (IP_R1:500 -> IP_I2:500)
					HDR, SK { }

  Initiator updates the IPsec SAs
  to IP_I2, IP_R1.

			Link between IP_I2 and
			IP_R1 breaks down.

					Responder starts DPD
			lost	    <-- (IP_R1:500 -> IP_I2:500)
					HDR, SK { N(COOKIE2) }

			lost	    <-- (IP_R1:500 -> IP_I2:500)
					HDR, SK { N(COOKIE2) }

			lost	    <-- (IP_R1:500 -> IP_I2:500)
					HDR, SK { N(COOKIE2) }

  The inititor will not
  see those return routability
  packets.
					The IPsec traffic is still
					going through from responder
					to initiator, as it uses old
					IP_R1 and IP_I1 addresses
					(they are not yet updated as
					the RR has not finished yet).

				    <-- (IP_R1 -> IP_I1)
					ESP packet

  Data from initiator to the
  responder does not go through
  as he is using new IP addresses

  (IP_I2 -> IP_R1)
  ESP packet -->	lost

				    <-- (IP_R1 -> IP_I1)
					ESP packet

  Initiator will still see packets
  coming from the responder but
  to the old address.

Now the Initiator needs to understand that even if he is getting
packets in, he should start DPD in case those packets are coming from
the different address than where they should be coming. This is not
mentioned in the document now. If initiator does that, this will fix
the situation.

					Responder is still doing RR.
			lost	    <-- (IP_R1:500 -> IP_I2:500)
					HDR, SK { N(COOKIE2) }

  Initiator notices that is not
  getting any trafic to the address
  pair where he is sending traffic,
  and decides to start DPD.

  (IP_I2:500 -> IP_R1:500)
  HDR, SK { } -->	lost

  (IP_I2:500 -> IP_R1:500)
  HDR, SK { } -->	lost

  (IP_I2:500 -> IP_R1:500)
  HDR, SK { } -->	lost

  Initiator notices it is not getting
  data back, thus tries other addresses

  (IP_I1:500 -> IP_R1:500)
  HDR, SK { } --> 
					Responder will get get that
					and reply to it.
				    <-- (IP_R1:500 -> IP_I1:500)
					HDR, SK { }

  Initiator detects that IP_I2,
  IP_R1 address pair is not working
  and switches to the working IP_I1,
  IP_R1 address pair.

  (IP_I1:500 -> IP_R1:500)
  HDR, SK { N(UPDATE_SA_ADDRESSES) } -->

					Responder processes the
					request and send ACK.
				    <-- (IP_R1:500 -> IP_I2:500)
					HDR, SK { }

					Responder retransmits the old
					ongoing RR to the new updated
					address.
				    <-- (IP_R1:500 -> IP_I1:500)
					HDR, SK { N(COOKIE2) }
  Initiator respondeds to RR.
  (IP_I1:500 -> IP_R1:500)
  HDR, SK { N(COOKIE2) } -->
					Responder gets ack to RR, but
					notices that address has
					changed since it was started,
					so he need to restart the RR

				    <-- (IP_R1:500 -> IP_I1:500)
					HDR, SK { N(COOKIE2') }

  Initiator respondeds to new RR.
  (IP_I1:500 -> IP_R1:500)
  HDR, SK { N(COOKIE2') } -->

					Responder is now happy, and
					will update the IPsec SAs to
					the IP_R1, IP_I2 address pair
					(or actually they are already
					there, as it never got them
					changed, but they might have
					moved to some new address).

So we probably want to say something about this, as it do require the
initiator to understand that even when it is getting ESP packets in it
might need to start DPD in case the IP addresses of the ESP packets
are different from what he thinks they should be.
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Do we need text about failing RR
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Tero Kivinen wrote:

>So we probably want to say something about this, as it do require the
>initiator to understand that even when it is getting ESP packets in it
>might need to start DPD in case the IP addresses of the ESP packets
>are different from what he thinks they should be.
>  
>
Isn't that already stated somewhere? Seems like its a
part of the NAT behaviour...

Anyway, I believe we do need to say something about
the case that you mentioned. It is indeed possible that
an update fails in any of its stages, including RR. What
I would suggest is that if you don't complete the update
then you continue operating as if it didn't happen, and
be prepared to accept/initiate another address update.

--Jari

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To: Tero Kivinen <kivinen@iki.fi>, Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@piuha.net>
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	forward)
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 > > The issue list is at [3]. The issues that I
> believe still
> > need further discussion are
> > 
> >      46 - question about additional addresses
> 
> There are some changes still missing from the 05 for
> this.
> 
> The beginning of the 3.6 would need to be changed,
> i.e. change
> 
>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
>    As described in Section 3.4, both the initiator
> and responder can
>    send a list of additional addresses in the
> IKE_AUTH exchange.  This
>    information can be updated by sending an
> INFORMATIONAL exchange
>    request message that contains either one or more
> ADDITIONAL_IP4/
>    6_ADDRESS notifications or the
> NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notification.
>    The message exchange will look as follows:
>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
> 
> to
> 
>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
>    As described in Section 3.4, both the initiator
> and responder can
>    send a list of additional addresses in the
> IKE_AUTH exchange.  This
>    information can be updated by sending an
> INFORMATIONAL exchange
>    request message that contains either one or more
> ADDITIONAL_IP4/
>    6_ADDRESS notifications or the
> NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES
>    notification. The NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notify
> is used to
>    indicate that there are no additional addresses
> besides the address
>    used in the IP-headers. The

Why does one have to indicate that they have
NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES ? If i don't send
ADDITIONAL_IP* notification then you just have one
address to operate with. What is the use of explicitly
indicating this ? Also, ADDITIONAL_IP with zero
address can do the same i guess i.e ADDITIONAL_IP*
replaces the previous list with zero or more
addresses.

-thanks
mohan

> ADDITIONAL_IP4/6_ADDRESS are used to
>    give complete list of additional addresses (in
> addition to the one
>    in the IP-header). The new address list will
> completely overwrite
>    the previous list.
> 
>    The message exchange will look as follows:
>
----------------------------------------------------------------------
> -- 
> kivinen@safenet-inc.com
> _______________________________________________
> Mobike mailing list
> Mobike@machshav.com
> https://www.machshav.com/mailman/listinfo.cgi/mobike
> 

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Subject: Re: [Mobike] Do we need text about failing RR
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Jari Arkko writes:
> >So we probably want to say something about this, as it do require the
> >initiator to understand that even when it is getting ESP packets in it
> >might need to start DPD in case the IP addresses of the ESP packets
> >are different from what he thinks they should be.
> >  
> >
> Isn't that already stated somewhere? Seems like its a
> part of the NAT behaviour...

At least it is not mentioned in the NAT-T drafts and I do not think it
is mentioned in the IKEv2 draft either. Protocol draft says:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
   IKEv2 performs Dead Peer Detection (DPD) if there has recently been
   only outgoing traffic on all of the SAs associated with the IKE_SA.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

and that is under NAT-T. IKEv2 draft says:
----------------------------------------------------------------------
   ...     If there has only been outgoing traffic on all of
   the SAs associated with an IKE_SA, it is essential to confirm
   liveness of the other endpoint to avoid black holes. If no
   cryptographically protected messages have been received on an IKE_SA
   or any of its CHILD_SAs recently, the system needs to perform a
   liveness check in order to prevent sending messages to a dead peer.
   Receipt of a fresh cryptographically protected message on an IKE_SA
   or any of its CHILD_SAs assures liveness of the IKE_SA and all of its
   CHILD_SAs. Note that this places requirements on the failure modes of
   an IKE endpoint. An implementation MUST NOT continue sending on any
   SA if some failure prevents it from receiving on all of the
   associated SAs. If CHILD_SAs can fail independently from one another
   without the associated IKE_SA being able to send a delete message,
   then they MUST be negotiated by separate IKE_SAs.
----------------------------------------------------------------------

So that does not say anything about the IP-addresses.

I think we need some paragraph about that to the mobike draft. 

> Anyway, I believe we do need to say something about
> the case that you mentioned. It is indeed possible that
> an update fails in any of its stages, including RR. What
> I would suggest is that if you don't complete the update
> then you continue operating as if it didn't happen, and
> be prepared to accept/initiate another address update.

The problem in the failing in the RR step is that it is negotiatiation
initiated by the responder, thus it cannot fall back to other
addresses. It is also normal IKEv2 message, which means it must get
reply back or otherwise the whole IKE SA is deleted. So we cannot fail
that RR, we must finish it, and we can only finish it with the help of
initiator noticing that the path does not work, and falling back to
some other path. 
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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Mohan Parthasarathy writes:
> Why does one have to indicate that they have
> NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES ? If i don't send
> ADDITIONAL_IP* notification then you just have one
> address to operate with. What is the use of explicitly
> indicating this ? Also, ADDITIONAL_IP with zero
> address can do the same i guess i.e ADDITIONAL_IP*
> replaces the previous list with zero or more
> addresses.

Ok, lets add explination about that too:

    The NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES notify is needed, as otherwise it
    would not be possible to distinguish empty DPD message from
    address update message that does not have any additional
    addresses. Now we can distinguish them, as DPD is empty
    INFORMATIONAL exchange and address update with no extra addresses
    is INFORMATIONAL exchange having only N(NO_ADDITIONAL_ADDRESSES).
    Both of them can have other additional payloads like N(COOKIE2)
    etc.  
-- 
kivinen@safenet-inc.com
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