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From: zhangyunfei <zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com>
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Subject: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83
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<DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FON=
T=20
face=3DCalibri>Hi all,</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FON=
T=20
face=3DCalibri>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;=20
I&nbsp;have&nbsp;summarized&nbsp;an&nbsp;initial&nbsp;tickets&nbsp;list&nb=
sp;for&nbsp;IETF&nbsp;83&nbsp;meeting.=20
Please review it and actions on these tickets are expected.=20
Thanks.</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FON=
T=20
face=3DCalibri></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FON=
T=20
face=3DCalibri>BR</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FON=
T=20
face=3DCalibri>Yunfei &amp;Stefano</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FON=
T=20
face=3DCalibri>-----------------------------------------------------------=
------------------------------------------------</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FON=
T=20
face=3DCalibri>Peer protocol:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FON=
T=20
style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000" color=3D#000001 face=3DCalibri>Ticket #1</FONT></=
SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: =CB=CE=CC=E5; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso=
-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso=
-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: =CB=CE=CC=E5; mso-ha=
nsi-font-family: Calibri">=A3=BA</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US><FONT face=3DCalibri>Post and discuss the alternative proposa=
l besides=20
MHT in peer protocol (Proposal 10+13), list intervals (Tradeoff among comp=
lexity=20
/ overhead / efficiency / implementation) and check gaps.=20
[Martin</FONT></SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: =CB=CE=CC=E5; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso=
-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso=
-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: =CB=CE=CC=E5; mso-ha=
nsi-font-family: Calibri">=A3=AC</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US><FONT face=3DCalibri> Yunfei, Fabio, Lichun]</FONT></SPAN></P=
>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US></SP=
AN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US><FONT face=3DCalibri>This ticket is partly solved. Simple nat=
ure number=20
addressing and ranged expression on chunk availability. The analysis and=20
comparison is ongoing.<SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FONT face=3DCalibri>&nbsp;I'd su=
ggest to=20
have a deadline for the resolution&nbsp;time after discussing with Stefano=
,=20
i.e., &nbsp;<SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">May 26th </SPAN>from now on to =
make the=20
decision in the WG level.</FONT></SPAN></P></FONT></SPAN>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FON=
T=20
face=3DCalibri></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FON=
T=20
style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000" color=3D#000001 face=3DCalibri>Ticket #2</FONT></=
SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: =CB=CE=CC=E5; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso=
-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso=
-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: =CB=CE=CC=E5; mso-ha=
nsi-font-family: Calibri">=A3=BA</SPAN><FONT=20
face=3DCalibri><SPAN lang=3DEN-US>Discuss the possible =A1=B0</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 9.5pt" lang=3DEN-US>"state-building&nbsp;attacks"</SPA=
N><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US> attack on peers.[Martin](related Proposal 26)</SPAN></FONT><=
/P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DCalibri><S=
PAN=20
lang=3DEN-US>Martin, Do you still have concerns on this? If nobody shows u=
p, we=20
propose to <SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">close this=20
ticket.</SPAN></SPAN></FONT></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DCalibri><S=
PAN=20
lang=3DEN-US></SPAN></FONT>&nbsp;</P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><FONT face=3DCalibri><S=
PAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000" lang=3DEN-US>Ticket </SPAN></FONT><SPAN lang=3DEN=
-US><FONT=20
face=3DCalibri><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">#3:</SPAN> Discuss the Membe=
rship=20
certificates impact on the tracker=A1=AFs workload.[Fabio](related to Prop=
osal=20
17+20)</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FON=
T=20
face=3DCalibri></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FON=
T=20
face=3DCalibri>Tracker protocol:</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FON=
T=20
face=3DCalibri><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">Ticket#4:</SPAN> Specify the=
 FIND use=20
case and reduce the overhead to the tracker.[Martin,Yunfei</FONT></SPAN><S=
PAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: =CB=CE=CC=E5; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso=
-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso=
-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: =CB=CE=CC=E5; mso-ha=
nsi-font-family: Calibri">=A3=AC</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US><FONT face=3DCalibri>Fabio</FONT></SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: =CB=CE=CC=E5; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso=
-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso=
-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: =CB=CE=CC=E5; mso-ha=
nsi-font-family: Calibri">=A3=AC</SPAN><SPAN=20
lang=3DEN-US><FONT face=3DCalibri>Richardo]</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FON=
T=20
face=3DCalibri><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">Ticket#5:</SPAN> Discuss con=
crete use=20
cases of additional messages if there are(e.g.,reconnect and rejoin) , and=
=20
conclude the basic messages and optional ones in tracker protocol. [Mark,=20
Fabio]</FONT></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt" lang=3DEN-US>&nbsp;We=20
propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;tracker&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;authors&nbsp;to&n=
bsp;address&nbsp;their&nbsp;tickets&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;splitting&nbsp;o=
f&nbsp;their&nbsp;proposal:</P>
<DIV style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">.&nbsp;base&nbsp;sp=
ec</DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt">.&nbsp;additional&nbsp;o=
ptions.</DIV></SPAN>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FON=
T=20
face=3DCalibri></FONT></SPAN>&nbsp;</P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN lang=3DEN-US><FON=
T=20
face=3DCalibri>Survey</FONT></SPAN></P><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt; mso-ascii=
-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi=
-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: =CB=CE=CC=E5; mso-bidi-=
font-size: 11.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme=
-font: minor-bidi; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-language: ZH-CN; =
mso-bidi-language: AR-SA"=20
lang=3DEN-US><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">Ticket#6</SPAN>: Call for revi=
ewers for=20
survey draft, and maybe P2P streaming providers=A1=AF contribution on upda=
ting the=20
draft.&nbsp;<SPAN style=3D"mso-spacerun: yes">&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><!--EndF=
ragment--><FONT size=3D3=20
face=3D=CB=CE=CC=E5> </FONT></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<HR style=3D"WIDTH: 210px; HEIGHT: 1px" align=3Dleft color=3D#b5c4df SIZE=
=3D1>

<DIV><SPAN>zhangyunfei</SPAN></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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From: Zongning <zongning@huawei.com>
To: "arno@cs.vu.nl" <arno@cs.vu.nl>, ppsp <ppsp@ietf.org>
Thread-Topic: [ppsp] New issues derived from PPSP requirements...
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Date: Fri, 4 May 2012 08:37:32 +0000
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Subject: Re: [ppsp] New issues derived from PPSP requirements...
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Subject: [ppsp] One more ticket for Peer protocol security requirement issues
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<DIV>Hi all,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Arno proposed some=20
new&nbsp;issues&nbsp;derived&nbsp;from&nbsp;PPSP&nbsp;requirements as belo=
w. It=20
would be great that some experts would look at the=20
mail&nbsp;and&nbsp;say&nbsp;if&nbsp;you&nbsp;agree&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp=
;changes&nbsp;
<DIV>Arno=20
wants&nbsp;to&nbsp;make&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;peer&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;text=
.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ticket #4=EF=BC=9AReview the following proposals a=
nd say if you=20
agree with the changes.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;If&nbsp;nobody&nbsp;expressed&nbs=
p;any&nbsp;concern&nbsp;or&nbsp;alternative&nbsp;proposal=20
regarding security issues (with the same deadline as ticket #1=EF=BC=8C Ma=
y=20
26th=EF=BC=89,&nbsp;we propose to&nbsp;move&nbsp;on&nbsp;and&nbsp;would=20
ask&nbsp;Arno&nbsp;to&nbsp;proceeds&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;changes&nbsp;i=
n&nbsp;the&nbsp;peer&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;draft.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>BR</DIV>
<DIV>Yunfei</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<HR style=3D"WIDTH: 210px; HEIGHT: 1px" align=3Dleft color=3D#b5c4df SIZE=
=3D1>

<DIV><SPAN>zhangyunfei</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOT=
TOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt s=
olid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<DIV=20
style=3D"PADDING-BOTTOM: 8px; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 8px; BACKG=
ROUND: #efefef; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 8px">
<DIV><B>From:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl">Arno Bakker</A></D=
IV>
<DIV><B>Date:</B>&nbsp;2012-02-14&nbsp;21:24</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B>&nbsp;[ppsp] New issues derived from PPSP=20
requirements...</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>Hi</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I've&nbsp;gone&nbsp;over&nbsp;the&nbsp;requirements&nbsp;list&nbsp;in=
&nbsp;draft-ietf-ppsp-reqs-05</DIV>
<DIV>and&nbsp;identified&nbsp;some&nbsp;issues&nbsp;(mostly&nbsp;security&=
nbsp;related)&nbsp;that&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>discussed&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;WG:</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;*&nbsp;"PPSP.REQ-8:&nbsp;The&nbsp;tracker&nbsp;and&nbsp;pee=
r&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;together&nbsp;MUST&nbsp;facilitate</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;acceptable&nbsp;QoS&nbsp;(e.g.&nbsp;low&nbsp;st=
artup&nbsp;delay,&nbsp;low&nbsp;channel/content&nbsp;switching</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;time&nbsp;and&nbsp;minimal&nbsp;end-to-end&nbsp=
;delay)&nbsp;for&nbsp;both&nbsp;on-demand&nbsp;and&nbsp;live</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streaming,&nbsp;even&nbsp;for&nbsp;very&nbsp;po=
pular&nbsp;content.&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;tracker&nbsp;and&nbsp;peer</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;do&nbsp;not&nbsp;include&nbsp;the=
&nbsp;algorithm&nbsp;required&nbsp;for&nbsp;scalable</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streaming.&nbsp;&nbsp;However,&nbsp;the&nbsp;tr=
acker&nbsp;and&nbsp;peer&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;SHALL&nbsp;NOT&nbsp;restrict</=
DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or&nbsp;place&nbsp;limits&nbsp;on&nbsp;any&nbsp=
;such&nbsp;algorithm.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There&nbsp;are&nbsp;basic&nbsp;QoS&nbsp;require=
ments&nbsp;for&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;system.&nbsp;&nbsp;Setup&nbsp;time&nbsp=
;to</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;receive&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;cha=
nnel&nbsp;or&nbsp;to&nbsp;switch&nbsp;between&nbsp;channels&nbsp;should</D=
IV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be&nbsp;reasonable&nbsp;small.&nbsp;&nbsp;End&n=
bsp;to&nbsp;end&nbsp;delay&nbsp;(time&nbsp;between&nbsp;content</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;generation,&nbsp;e.g.&nbsp;camera&nbsp;and&nbsp=
;content&nbsp;consumption,&nbsp;e.g.&nbsp;user&nbsp;side</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;monitor)&nbsp;will&nbsp;become&nbsp;critical&nb=
sp;in&nbsp;case&nbsp;of&nbsp;live&nbsp;streaming.&nbsp;&nbsp;Especially</D=
IV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in&nbsp;provisioning&nbsp;of&nbsp;sports&nbsp;e=
vents,&nbsp;end&nbsp;to&nbsp;end&nbsp;delay&nbsp;of&nbsp;1&nbsp;minute&nbs=
p;and</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;more&nbsp;are&nbsp;not&nbsp;acceptable.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;instance,&nbsp;the&nbsp;tracker&nbsp;a=
nd&nbsp;peer&nbsp;protocols&nbsp;can&nbsp;support&nbsp;carrying&nbsp;QoS</=
DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;related&nbsp;parameters&nbsp;(e.g.&nbsp;video&n=
bsp;quality,&nbsp;delay&nbsp;requirements)&nbsp;together</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;priorities&nbsp;of&nbsp;thes=
e&nbsp;parameters,&nbsp;and&nbsp;QoS&nbsp;situation&nbsp;(e.g.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;performance,&nbsp;available&nbsp;uplink&nbsp;ba=
ndwidth)&nbsp;of&nbsp;content&nbsp;providing&nbsp;peers.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There&nbsp;are&nbsp;also&nbsp;some&nbsp;other&n=
bsp;possible&nbsp;mechanisms,&nbsp;e.g.&nbsp;addition&nbsp;of&nbsp;super</=
DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;peers,&nbsp;in-network&nbsp;storage,&nbsp;reque=
st&nbsp;of&nbsp;alternative&nbsp;peer&nbsp;addresses,&nbsp;and</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;usage&nbsp;of&nbsp;QoS&nbsp;informatio=
n&nbsp;for&nbsp;an&nbsp;advanced&nbsp;peer&nbsp;selection."</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>The&nbsp;current&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;has&nbsp;been&nbsp;designed&nbsp;=
for&nbsp;short-time-till-playback,</DIV>
<DIV>unless&nbsp;limited&nbsp;by&nbsp;security&nbsp;considerations&nbsp;(c=
f.&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#26&nbsp;security&nbsp;of</DIV>
<DIV>handshakes).&nbsp;Otherwise&nbsp;it&nbsp;operates&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp=
;best&nbsp;effort&nbsp;mode.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>But&nbsp;perhaps&nbsp;more&nbsp;is&nbsp;needed,&nbsp;as&nbsp;indicate=
d&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;description.&nbsp;Also</DIV>
<DIV>relevant&nbsp;is&nbsp;issue&nbsp;12&nbsp;(=3DSupport&nbsp;for&nbsp;UN=
HINT),&nbsp;as&nbsp;that&nbsp;helps&nbsp;in&nbsp;making</DIV>
<DIV>requesting&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;from&nbsp;multiple&nbsp;peers&nbsp;at&nbs=
p;the&nbsp;same&nbsp;time&nbsp;efficient,</DIV>
<DIV>as&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;cancel&nbsp;the&nbsp;duplicates&nbsp;when&n=
bsp;you&nbsp;receive&nbsp;an&nbsp;answer.</DIV>
<DIV>You&nbsp;may&nbsp;need&nbsp;double&nbsp;requests&nbsp;when&nbsp;some&=
nbsp;peers&nbsp;are&nbsp;slow&nbsp;and&nbsp;strong&nbsp;QoS</DIV>
<DIV>is&nbsp;needed.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;this&nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#3=
5.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.PP.REQ-3:&nbsp;The&nbsp;streaming&n=
bsp;content&nbsp;availability&nbsp;request&nbsp;message</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SHOULD&nbsp;allow&nbsp;the&nbsp;peer&nbsp=
;to&nbsp;solicit&nbsp;an&nbsp;additional&nbsp;list&nbsp;of&nbsp;peers&nbsp=
;to&nbsp;that</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;received&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;tracker&=
nbsp;-&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;same&nbsp;swarm&nbsp;ID.&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbs=
p;reply</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;message&nbsp;MUST&nbsp;contain&nbsp;swarm=
-membership&nbsp;information&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;peers&nbsp;that</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have&nbsp;explicitly&nbsp;indicated&nbsp;=
they&nbsp;are&nbsp;part&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;swarm,&nbsp;verifiable&nbsp;=
by</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;receiver.&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;a=
dditional&nbsp;list&nbsp;of&nbsp;peers&nbsp;MUST&nbsp;only&nbsp;contain&nb=
sp;peers</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;which&nbsp;have&nbsp;been&nbsp;checked&nb=
sp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;valid&nbsp;and&nbsp;online&nbsp;recently&nbsp;(e.g.&nbs=
p;prevent</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hearsay&nbsp;and&nbsp;DoS).</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It&nbsp;is&nbsp;possible&nbsp;that&nbsp;a=
&nbsp;peer&nbsp;may&nbsp;need&nbsp;additional&nbsp;peers&nbsp;for&nbsp;cer=
tain</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;content.&nbsp;&nbsp;Theref=
ore,&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;allowed&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;peer</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;communicates&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;peer=
s&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;current&nbsp;peer&nbsp;list&nbsp;to&nbsp;obtain&nb=
sp;an</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;additional&nbsp;list&nbsp;of&nbsp;peers&n=
bsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;same&nbsp;swarm.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>The&nbsp;draft&nbsp;uses&nbsp;PEX_*&nbsp;messages&nbsp;for&nbsp;this,=
&nbsp;hence&nbsp;I&nbsp;propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;rephrase&nbsp;this&nbsp;</DIV=
>
<DIV>requirement,&nbsp;or&nbsp;declare&nbsp;PEX&nbsp;as&nbsp;sufficient&nb=
sp;to&nbsp;satisfy&nbsp;this&nbsp;requirement.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.PP.REQ-6:&nbsp;The&nbsp;peer&=
nbsp;status&nbsp;report/update&nbsp;SHOULD&nbsp;be&nbsp;advertised</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;among&nbsp;the&nbsp;peers&nbsp;to&nbsp;re=
flect&nbsp;the&nbsp;status&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;peer.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Peer&nbsp;status&nbsp;information&nbsp;sh=
ould&nbsp;be&nbsp;advertised&nbsp;among&nbsp;the&nbsp;peers&nbsp;via&nbsp;=
the</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;peer&nbsp;status&nbsp;report/update&nbsp;=
message.&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;example,&nbsp;peer&nbsp;status&nbsp;can&nbsp;=
be</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;online&nbsp;time,&nbsp;physical&nbsp;link=
&nbsp;status&nbsp;including&nbsp;DSL/WIFI/etc,&nbsp;battery</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;status,&nbsp;processing&nbsp;capability,&=
nbsp;and&nbsp;other&nbsp;capabilities&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;peer.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With&nbsp;this&nbsp;information,&nbsp;a&n=
bsp;peer&nbsp;can&nbsp;select&nbsp;more&nbsp;appropriate&nbsp;peers&nbsp;f=
or</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streaming.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;this&nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#3=
6.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.SEC.REQ-1:&nbsp;PPSP&nbsp;MUS=
T&nbsp;support&nbsp;closed&nbsp;swarms,&nbsp;where&nbsp;the&nbsp;peers&nbs=
p;are</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;authenticated.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;ensures&nbsp;that&nbsp;only&nbs=
p;the&nbsp;authenticated&nbsp;users&nbsp;can&nbsp;access&nbsp;the</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;original&nbsp;media&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp=
;P2P&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;system.&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;ach=
ieved&nbsp;by</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;security&nbsp;mechanisms&nbsp;such&nbsp;a=
s&nbsp;user&nbsp;authentication&nbsp;and/or&nbsp;key&nbsp;management</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;scheme.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;this&nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#3=
7.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>In&nbsp;addition,&nbsp;I&nbsp;propose&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;so=
lution:&nbsp;The&nbsp;Closed&nbsp;Swarms&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>[CLOSED]&nbsp;and&nbsp;Enchanced&nbsp;Closed&nbsp;Swarms&nbsp;[ENHCLO=
SED]&nbsp;mechanisms&nbsp;developed&nbsp;in&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>the&nbsp;P2P-Next&nbsp;project&nbsp;provide&nbsp;swarm-level&nbsp;acc=
ess&nbsp;control.</DIV>
<DIV>The&nbsp;basic&nbsp;idea&nbsp;is&nbsp;that&nbsp;a&nbsp;peer&nbsp;cann=
ot&nbsp;download&nbsp;from&nbsp;another&nbsp;peer&nbsp;unless&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>it&nbsp;shows&nbsp;a&nbsp;Proof-of-Access.&nbsp;Enhanced&nbsp;Closed&=
nbsp;Swarms&nbsp;improve&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>original&nbsp;Closed&nbsp;Swarms&nbsp;by&nbsp;adding&nbsp;on-the-wire=
&nbsp;encryption&nbsp;against&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>man-in-the-middle&nbsp;attacks&nbsp;and&nbsp;more&nbsp;flexible&nbsp;=
access&nbsp;control&nbsp;rules.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I&nbsp;propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;describe&nbsp;Enhanced&nbsp;Closed&nbsp;S=
warms&nbsp;as&nbsp;one&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;mechanisms&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>(please&nbsp;put&nbsp;forward&nbsp;others&nbsp;if&nbsp;you&nbsp;know&=
nbsp;about&nbsp;them)&nbsp;to&nbsp;satisfy&nbsp;the&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>requirement&nbsp;and&nbsp;include&nbsp;it&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;Section=
&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;WG&nbsp;draft.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.SEC.REQ-2:&nbsp;Confidentiality&nbs=
p;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;content&nbsp;in&nbsp;PPSP</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SHOULD&nbsp;be&nbsp;supported&nbsp;and&nb=
sp;the&nbsp;corresponding&nbsp;key&nbsp;management&nbsp;scheme</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SHOULD&nbsp;scale&nbsp;well&nbsp;in&nbsp;=
P2P&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;system.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>No&nbsp;extra&nbsp;mechanism&nbsp;is&nbsp;needed&nbsp;in&nbsp;to&nbsp=
;support&nbsp;confidentiality&nbsp;in&nbsp;PPSPP.&nbsp;A</DIV>
<DIV>content&nbsp;publisher&nbsp;wishing&nbsp;confidentiality&nbsp;should&=
nbsp;just&nbsp;distribute&nbsp;content&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>in&nbsp;cyphertext&nbsp;/&nbsp;DRM-ed&nbsp;format.&nbsp;I&nbsp;assume=
&nbsp;a&nbsp;higher&nbsp;layer&nbsp;handles&nbsp;key&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>management&nbsp;out-of-band.&nbsp;Alternatively,&nbsp;the&nbsp;swarm&=
nbsp;access&nbsp;control&nbsp;will&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>point-to-point&nbsp;encrypt&nbsp;content.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;this&nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#3=
8,&nbsp;and&nbsp;propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;add&nbsp;a&nbsp;paragraph&nbsp;to</D=
IV>
<DIV>Section&nbsp;7&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;draft&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;ex=
planation&nbsp;I&nbsp;just&nbsp;gave.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.SEC.REQ-3:&nbsp;PPSP&nbsp;MUST&nbsp=
;provide&nbsp;an&nbsp;option&nbsp;to&nbsp;encrypt&nbsp;the&nbsp;data</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;exchange&nbsp;among&nbsp;the&nbsp;PPSP&nb=
sp;entities.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>If&nbsp;this&nbsp;requirement&nbsp;means&nbsp;that&nbsp;all&nbsp;PPSP=
P&nbsp;messages&nbsp;should&nbsp;be&nbsp;encrypted&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>(as&nbsp;opposed&nbsp;to&nbsp;just&nbsp;content&nbsp;in&nbsp;SEC.REQ-=
2),&nbsp;IPsec&nbsp;or&nbsp;DTLS&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;obvious&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>solution.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;this&nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#3=
9,&nbsp;and&nbsp;propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;add&nbsp;a&nbsp;paragraph&nbsp;to</D=
IV>
<DIV>Section&nbsp;7&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;draft&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;ex=
planation&nbsp;I&nbsp;just&nbsp;gave.&nbsp;Furthermore,</DIV>
<DIV>a&nbsp;key&nbsp;distribution&nbsp;scheme&nbsp;would&nbsp;have&nbsp;to=
&nbsp;be&nbsp;added.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.SEC.REQ-4:&nbsp;PPSP&nbsp;MUS=
T&nbsp;have&nbsp;mechanisms&nbsp;to&nbsp;limit&nbsp;potential&nbsp;damage<=
/DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;caused&nbsp;by&nbsp;malfunctioning&nbsp;a=
nd&nbsp;badly&nbsp;behaving&nbsp;peers&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;P2P</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;system.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Such&nbsp;an&nbsp;attack&nbsp;will&nbsp;d=
egrade&nbsp;the&nbsp;quality&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;rendered&nbsp;media&nbs=
p;at&nbsp;the</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;receiver.&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;example,&nb=
sp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;P2P&nbsp;live&nbsp;video&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;system&nbsp=
;a</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;polluter&nbsp;can&nbsp;introduce&nbsp;cor=
rupted&nbsp;chunks.&nbsp;&nbsp;Each&nbsp;receiver&nbsp;integrates</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;into&nbsp;its&nbsp;playback&nbsp;stream&n=
bsp;the&nbsp;polluted&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;it&nbsp;receives&nbsp;from&nbsp;its=
</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;other&nbsp;neighbors.&nbsp;&nbsp;Since&nb=
sp;the&nbsp;peers&nbsp;forwards&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;to&nbsp;other&nbsp;peers,=
&nbsp;the</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;polluted&nbsp;content&nbsp;can&nbsp;poten=
tially&nbsp;spread&nbsp;through&nbsp;much&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;P2P</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;network.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Content&nbsp;integrity&nbsp;protection&nbsp;helps&nbsp;here.&nbsp;I'd=
&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;this&nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>#40&nbsp;and&nbsp;will&nbsp;provide&nbsp;a&nbsp;per-message&nbsp;anal=
ysis&nbsp;of&nbsp;issues&nbsp;later.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.SEC.REQ-5:&nbsp;PPSP&nbsp;SHO=
ULD&nbsp;support&nbsp;identifying&nbsp;badly&nbsp;behaving&nbsp;peers,</DI=
V>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and&nbsp;exclude&nbsp;or&nbsp;reject&nbsp=
;them&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;P2P&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;system.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Quoting&nbsp;WG&nbsp;draft&nbsp;6.3.2.3:&nbsp;"The&nbsp;Merkle&nbsp;t=
ree&nbsp;hashing&nbsp;scheme&nbsp;allows&nbsp;a&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>receiving&nbsp;peer&nbsp;to&nbsp;detect&nbsp;a&nbsp;malicious&nbsp;or=
&nbsp;faulty&nbsp;sender,&nbsp;which&nbsp;it&nbsp;can&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>subsequently&nbsp;ignore.&nbsp;Spreading&nbsp;this&nbsp;knowledge&nbs=
p;to&nbsp;other&nbsp;peers&nbsp;such&nbsp;that&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>they&nbsp;know&nbsp;about&nbsp;this&nbsp;bad&nbsp;behavior&nbsp;is&nb=
sp;hearsay."</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>So&nbsp;we&nbsp;can&nbsp;provide&nbsp;protection,&nbsp;but&nbsp;to&nb=
sp;actually&nbsp;oust&nbsp;bad&nbsp;peers&nbsp;permanently&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>from&nbsp;the&nbsp;system,&nbsp;access&nbsp;control&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&n=
bsp;reliable&nbsp;accusation&nbsp;system&nbsp;is&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>needed&nbsp;that&nbsp;is&nbsp;itself&nbsp;protected&nbsp;against&nbsp=
;malicious&nbsp;peers&nbsp;reporting&nbsp;about&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>good&nbsp;peers.&nbsp;Such&nbsp;a&nbsp;system&nbsp;is&nbsp;complex.</=
DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV>I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;this&nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#4=
1,&nbsp;and&nbsp;propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;add&nbsp;a&nbsp;paragraph&nbsp;to</D=
IV>
<DIV>Section&nbsp;7&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;draft&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;ex=
planation&nbsp;I&nbsp;just&nbsp;gave.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.SEC.REQ-6:&nbsp;PPSP&nbsp;MUST&nbsp=
;prevent&nbsp;peers&nbsp;from&nbsp;DoS&nbsp;attacks&nbsp;which&nbsp;will</=
DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;exhaust&nbsp;the&nbsp;P2P&nbsp;streaming&=
nbsp;system's&nbsp;available&nbsp;resource.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Given&nbsp;the&nbsp;prevalence&nbsp;of&nb=
sp;DoS&nbsp;attacks&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Internet,&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;i=
mportant</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to&nbsp;realize&nbsp;that&nbsp;a&nbsp;sim=
ilar&nbsp;threat&nbsp;could&nbsp;exist&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;large-scale</DI=
V>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;system&nbsp;where&nbsp;att=
ackers&nbsp;are&nbsp;capable&nbsp;of&nbsp;consuming&nbsp;a&nbsp;lot&nbsp;o=
f</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;resources&nbsp;with&nbsp;just&nbsp;a&nbsp=
;small&nbsp;amount&nbsp;of&nbsp;effort.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Quoting&nbsp;WG&nbsp;draft&nbsp;6.3.2.3:&nbsp;"A&nbsp;risk&nbsp;in&nb=
sp;peer-to-peer&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;systems&nbsp;is&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>that&nbsp;malicious&nbsp;peers&nbsp;launch&nbsp;an&nbsp;Eclipse&nbsp;=
[ECLIPSE]&nbsp;attack&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;initial</DIV>
<DIV>injectors&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;content&nbsp;(in&nbsp;particular&nbsp=
;in&nbsp;live&nbsp;streaming).&nbsp;The&nbsp;attack</DIV>
<DIV>tries&nbsp;to&nbsp;let&nbsp;the&nbsp;injector&nbsp;upload&nbsp;to&nbs=
p;just&nbsp;malicious&nbsp;peers&nbsp;which&nbsp;then&nbsp;do</DIV>
<DIV>not&nbsp;forward&nbsp;the&nbsp;content&nbsp;to&nbsp;others,&nbsp;thus=
&nbsp;stopping&nbsp;the&nbsp;distribution.&nbsp;An</DIV>
<DIV>Eclipse&nbsp;attack&nbsp;could&nbsp;also&nbsp;be&nbsp;launched&nbsp;o=
n&nbsp;an&nbsp;individual&nbsp;peer.&nbsp;Letting</DIV>
<DIV>these&nbsp;injectors&nbsp;only&nbsp;use&nbsp;trusted&nbsp;trackers&nb=
sp;that&nbsp;provide&nbsp;true&nbsp;random</DIV>
<DIV>samples&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;population&nbsp;or&nbsp;using&nbsp;a&nb=
sp;secure&nbsp;peer&nbsp;sampling&nbsp;service</DIV>
<DIV>[PUPPETCAST]&nbsp;can&nbsp;help&nbsp;negate&nbsp;such&nbsp;an&nbsp;at=
tack."</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>So&nbsp;we&nbsp;need&nbsp;PEX&nbsp;protection&nbsp;as&nbsp;discussed&=
nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;mail&nbsp;"Proposal&nbsp;to&nbsp;resolve&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Issue&nbsp;17+20..."&nbsp;of&nbsp;Feb&nbsp;14th.&nbsp;In&nbsp;additio=
n,&nbsp;a&nbsp;peer&nbsp;A&nbsp;must&nbsp;not</DIV>
<DIV>let&nbsp;other&nbsp;peers&nbsp;T1..TN&nbsp;fill&nbsp;all&nbsp;its&nbs=
p;available&nbsp;connection&nbsp;slots,&nbsp;i.e.,</DIV>
<DIV>A&nbsp;must&nbsp;initiate&nbsp;connections&nbsp;itself&nbsp;too,&nbsp=
;to&nbsp;prevent&nbsp;isolation.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Furthermore,&nbsp;to&nbsp;prevent&nbsp;malicious&nbsp;peers&nbsp;cons=
uming&nbsp;all&nbsp;upload&nbsp;bandwidth&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>of&nbsp;a&nbsp;peer,&nbsp;there&nbsp;should&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;limit=
&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;upload&nbsp;capacity&nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;peer</=
DIV>
<DIV>can&nbsp;consume,&nbsp;e.g.&nbsp;via&nbsp;a&nbsp;limit&nbsp;on&nbsp;t=
he&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;requests&nbsp;as&nbsp;in&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>SecureStream&nbsp;[SECSTREAM].&nbsp;A&nbsp;natural&nbsp;upper&nbsp;li=
mit&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;upload&nbsp;quotum&nbsp;is&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>the&nbsp;bitrate&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;content.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Protection&nbsp;against&nbsp;amplifcation&nbsp;attacks&nbsp;such&nbsp=
;as&nbsp;mentioned&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;mail&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>"Proposal&nbsp;to&nbsp;solve&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#26"&nbsp;of&nbsp;Jan&nb=
sp;25th&nbsp;also&nbsp;help&nbsp;to&nbsp;satisfy&nbsp;this&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>requirement.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>If&nbsp;you&nbsp;know&nbsp;any&nbsp;other&nbsp;resource&nbsp;exhausti=
on&nbsp;attacks&nbsp;possible,&nbsp;please&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>submit&nbsp;them&nbsp;with&nbsp;proposals&nbsp;on&nbsp;how&nbsp;to&nb=
sp;solve&nbsp;them.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;this&nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#4=
2,&nbsp;and&nbsp;propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;add&nbsp;paragraphs&nbsp;to</DIV>
<DIV>Section&nbsp;7&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;draft&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;ex=
planation&nbsp;I&nbsp;just&nbsp;gave.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.SEC.REQ-7:&nbsp;PPSP&nbsp;SHO=
ULD&nbsp;be&nbsp;robust,&nbsp;i.e.,&nbsp;when&nbsp;centralized&nbsp;tracke=
r</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fails&nbsp;the&nbsp;P2P&nbsp;streaming&nb=
sp;system&nbsp;SHOULD&nbsp;still&nbsp;work&nbsp;by&nbsp;supporting</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;distributed&nbsp;trackers.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>We&nbsp;need&nbsp;PEX&nbsp;protection&nbsp;as&nbsp;discussed&nbsp;in&=
nbsp;the&nbsp;mail&nbsp;"Proposal&nbsp;to&nbsp;resolve&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Issue&nbsp;17+20..."&nbsp;of&nbsp;Feb&nbsp;14th.&nbsp;I&nbsp;propose&=
nbsp;to&nbsp;update&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;20&nbsp;to&nbsp;indicate&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>that&nbsp;this&nbsp;requirement&nbsp;is&nbsp;related.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.SEC.REQ-9:&nbsp;Integrity&nbs=
p;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;content&nbsp;in&nbsp;PPSP&nbsp;MUST&nbsp=
;be</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;supported&nbsp;to&nbsp;provide&nbsp;a&nbs=
p;peer&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;possibility&nbsp;to&nbsp;identify</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;inauthentic&nbsp;media&nbsp;content&nbsp;=
(undesirable&nbsp;modified&nbsp;by&nbsp;other&nbsp;entities</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rather&nbsp;than&nbsp;its&nbsp;genuine&nb=
sp;source).&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;corresponding&nbsp;checksum</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;distribution&nbsp;and&nbsp;verification&n=
bsp;scheme&nbsp;SHOULD&nbsp;scale&nbsp;well&nbsp;in&nbsp;P2P</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;system&nbsp;and&nbsp;be&nb=
sp;robust&nbsp;against&nbsp;distrustful&nbsp;trackers/peers.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>The&nbsp;Merkle&nbsp;hash&nbsp;trees&nbsp;mechanism&nbsp;provides&nbs=
p;content&nbsp;integrity&nbsp;protection</DIV>
<DIV>and&nbsp;is&nbsp;already&nbsp;explained&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;draft.&=
nbsp;Merkle&nbsp;hash&nbsp;trees&nbsp;can&nbsp;also&nbsp;be&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>used&nbsp;for&nbsp;live&nbsp;streaming.&nbsp;In&nbsp;that&nbsp;contex=
t&nbsp;we&nbsp;should&nbsp;quote&nbsp;[DIGSIGFLOW],&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>the&nbsp;signature&nbsp;amortization&nbsp;scheme&nbsp;that&nbsp;also&=
nbsp;uses&nbsp;Merkle&nbsp;trees.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;adding&nbsp;the&nbsp;reference&=
nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#43.&nbsp;Support&nbsp;for&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>multiple&nbsp;content&nbsp;integrity&nbsp;schemes&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&n=
bsp;added&nbsp;when&nbsp;we&nbsp;reach&nbsp;concensus&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>on&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#10+13&nbsp;(see&nbsp;my&nbsp;mail&nbsp;dd.&nbsp;J=
an&nbsp;18th).</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>What&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;think?</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>CU,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Arno</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>References</DIV>
<DIV>----------</DIV>
<DIV>[CLOSED]&nbsp;N.&nbsp;Borch,&nbsp;K.&nbsp;Michell,&nbsp;I.&nbsp;Arntz=
en,&nbsp;and&nbsp;D.&nbsp;Gabrijelcic:&nbsp;"Access</DIV>
<DIV>control&nbsp;to&nbsp;BitTorrent&nbsp;swarms&nbsp;using&nbsp;closed&nb=
sp;swarms".&nbsp;In&nbsp;Proceedings</DIV>
<DIV>of&nbsp;the&nbsp;2010&nbsp;ACM&nbsp;workshop&nbsp;on&nbsp;Advanced&nb=
sp;video&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;techniques</DIV>
<DIV>for&nbsp;peer-to-peer&nbsp;networks&nbsp;and&nbsp;social&nbsp;network=
ing&nbsp;(AVSTP2P&nbsp;'10).</DIV>
<DIV>ACM,&nbsp;New&nbsp;York,&nbsp;NY,&nbsp;USA,&nbsp;25-30.</DIV>
<DIV>http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1877891.1877898</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>[ENHCLOSED]&nbsp;V.&nbsp;Jovanovikj,&nbsp;D.&nbsp;Gabrijel=C4=8Di=C4=
=8D&nbsp;and&nbsp;T.&nbsp;Klobu=C4=8Dar.&nbsp;"Access&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Control&nbsp;in&nbsp;BitTorrent&nbsp;P2P&nbsp;Networks&nbsp;Using&nbs=
p;the&nbsp;Enhanced&nbsp;Closed&nbsp;Swarms</DIV>
<DIV>Protocol".&nbsp;In&nbsp;Proceedings&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Fifth&nbsp;=
International&nbsp;Conference&nbsp;on&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Emerging&nbsp;Security&nbsp;Information,&nbsp;Systems&nbsp;and&nbsp;T=
echnologies&nbsp;(SECURWARE</DIV>
<DIV>2011),&nbsp;pp.&nbsp;97-102,&nbsp;Nice,&nbsp;France,&nbsp;August&nbsp=
;2011.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>[SECSTREAM]&nbsp;Maya&nbsp;Haridasan&nbsp;and&nbsp;Robbert&nbsp;van&n=
bsp;Renesse.&nbsp;"SecureStream:&nbsp;An&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Intrusion-Tolerant&nbsp;Protocol&nbsp;for&nbsp;Live-Streaming&nbsp;Di=
ssemination".&nbsp;The&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Journal&nbsp;of&nbsp;Computer&nbsp;Communication's&nbsp;Special&nbsp;=
issue&nbsp;on&nbsp;Foundation&nbsp;of&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Peer-to-Peer&nbsp;Computing.&nbsp;Volume&nbsp;31&nbsp;Number&nbsp;2,&=
nbsp;Elsevier,&nbsp;2008.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>[DIGSIGFLOW]&nbsp;Chung&nbsp;Kei&nbsp;Wong&nbsp;and&nbsp;Simon&nbsp;S=
.&nbsp;Lam.&nbsp;"Digital&nbsp;Signatures&nbsp;for&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Flows&nbsp;and&nbsp;Multicasts".&nbsp;IEEE/ACM&nbsp;Transactions&nbsp=
;on&nbsp;Networking,</DIV>
<DIV>Volume&nbsp;7,&nbsp;&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;4,&nbsp;pp.&nbsp;502-513,&nbsp;A=
ug&nbsp;1999.</DIV>
<DIV>http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/90.793005</DIV>
<DIV>_______________________________________________</DIV>
<DIV>ppsp&nbsp;mailing&nbsp;list</DIV>
<DIV>ppsp@ietf.org</DIV>
<DIV>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ppsp</DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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Subject: Re: [ppsp] One more ticket for Peer protocol security requirement issues
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Thanks Yunfei and Arno,

I'd like to stress the fact that Arno's proposal has been sent out=20
on february this year so it's time for the WG to close the issue=20
reasonably soon.

thanks.
s.

On May 4, 2012, at 10:59 AM, zhangyunfei wrote:
> Hi all,
>     Arno proposed some new issues derived from PPSP requirements as =
below. It would be great that some experts would look at the mail and =
say if you agree with the changes=20
> Arno wants to make to the peer protocol text.
>     Ticket #4=EF=BC=9AReview the following proposals and say if you =
agree with the changes.
>       If nobody expressed any concern or alternative proposal =
regarding security issues (with the same deadline as ticket #1=EF=BC=8C =
May 26th=EF=BC=89, we propose to move on and would ask Arno to proceeds =
with the changes in the peer protocol draft.
> =20
> BR
> Yunfei
>   =20
> =20
> =20
> zhangyunfei
> =20
> From: Arno Bakker
> Date: 2012-02-14 21:24
> To: ppsp
> Subject: [ppsp] New issues derived from PPSP requirements...
> Hi
> =20
> I've gone over the requirements list in draft-ietf-ppsp-reqs-05
> and identified some issues (mostly security related) that need to be=20=

> discussed in the WG:
> =20
> > * "PPSP.REQ-8: The tracker and peer protocol together MUST =
facilitate
> >   acceptable QoS (e.g. low startup delay, low channel/content =
switching
> >   time and minimal end-to-end delay) for both on-demand and live
> >   streaming, even for very popular content.  The tracker and peer
> >   protocol do not include the algorithm required for scalable
> >   streaming.  However, the tracker and peer protocol SHALL NOT =
restrict
> >   or place limits on any such algorithm.
> >
> >   There are basic QoS requirements for streaming system.  Setup time =
to
> >   receive a new streaming channel or to switch between channels =
should
> >   be reasonable small.  End to end delay (time between content
> >   generation, e.g. camera and content consumption, e.g. user side
> >   monitor) will become critical in case of live streaming.  =
Especially
> >   in provisioning of sports events, end to end delay of 1 minute and
> >   more are not acceptable.
> >
> >   For instance, the tracker and peer protocols can support carrying =
QoS
> >   related parameters (e.g. video quality, delay requirements) =
together
> >   with the priorities of these parameters, and QoS situation (e.g.
> >   performance, available uplink bandwidth) of content providing =
peers.
> >
> >   There are also some other possible mechanisms, e.g. addition of =
super
> >   peers, in-network storage, request of alternative peer addresses, =
and
> >   the usage of QoS information for an advanced peer selection."
> =20
> The current protocol has been designed for short-time-till-playback,
> unless limited by security considerations (cf. Issue #26 security of
> handshakes). Otherwise it operates in a best effort mode.
> =20
> But perhaps more is needed, as indicated in the description. Also
> relevant is issue 12 (=3DSupport for UNHINT), as that helps in making
> requesting chunks from multiple peers at the same time efficient,
> as you can cancel the duplicates when you receive an answer.
> You may need double requests when some peers are slow and strong QoS
> is needed.
> =20
> I'd like to raise this as Issue #35.
> =20
> =20
> >   * PPSP.PP.REQ-3: The streaming content availability request =
message
> >    SHOULD allow the peer to solicit an additional list of peers to =
that
> >    received from the tracker - with the same swarm ID.  The reply
> >    message MUST contain swarm-membership information of the peers =
that
> >    have explicitly indicated they are part of the swarm, verifiable =
by
> >    the receiver.  This additional list of peers MUST only contain =
peers
> >    which have been checked to be valid and online recently (e.g. =
prevent
> >    hearsay and DoS).
> >
> >    It is possible that a peer may need additional peers for certain
> >    streaming content.  Therefore, it is allowed that the peer
> >    communicates with the peers in the current peer list to obtain an
> >    additional list of peers in the same swarm.
> =20
> The draft uses PEX_* messages for this, hence I propose to rephrase =
this=20
> requirement, or declare PEX as sufficient to satisfy this requirement.
> =20
> =20
> >    * PPSP.PP.REQ-6: The peer status report/update SHOULD be =
advertised
> >    among the peers to reflect the status of the peer.
> >
> >    Peer status information should be advertised among the peers via =
the
> >    peer status report/update message.  For example, peer status can =
be
> >    online time, physical link status including DSL/WIFI/etc, battery
> >    status, processing capability, and other capabilities of the =
peer.
> >    With this information, a peer can select more appropriate peers =
for
> >    streaming.
> =20
> I'd like to raise this as Issue #36.
> =20
> =20
> >    * PPSP.SEC.REQ-1: PPSP MUST support closed swarms, where the =
peers are
> >    authenticated.
> >
> >    This ensures that only the authenticated users can access the
> >    original media in the P2P streaming system.  This can be achieved =
by
> >    security mechanisms such as user authentication and/or key =
management
> >    scheme.
> =20
> I'd like to raise this as Issue #37.
> =20
> In addition, I propose the following solution: The Closed Swarms=20
> [CLOSED] and Enchanced Closed Swarms [ENHCLOSED] mechanisms developed =
in=20
> the P2P-Next project provide swarm-level access control.
> The basic idea is that a peer cannot download from another peer unless=20=

> it shows a Proof-of-Access. Enhanced Closed Swarms improve on the=20
> original Closed Swarms by adding on-the-wire encryption against=20
> man-in-the-middle attacks and more flexible access control rules.
> =20
> I propose to describe Enhanced Closed Swarms as one of the mechanisms=20=

> (please put forward others if you know about them) to satisfy the=20
> requirement and include it as a Section in the WG draft.
> =20
> =20
> >   * PPSP.SEC.REQ-2: Confidentiality of the streaming content in PPSP
> >    SHOULD be supported and the corresponding key management scheme
> >    SHOULD scale well in P2P streaming system.
> >
> =20
> No extra mechanism is needed in to support confidentiality in PPSPP. A
> content publisher wishing confidentiality should just distribute =
content=20
> in cyphertext / DRM-ed format. I assume a higher layer handles key=20
> management out-of-band. Alternatively, the swarm access control will=20=

> point-to-point encrypt content.
> =20
> I'd like to raise this as Issue #38, and propose to add a paragraph to
> Section 7 of the draft with the explanation I just gave.
> =20
> =20
> >   * PPSP.SEC.REQ-3: PPSP MUST provide an option to encrypt the data
> >    exchange among the PPSP entities.
> >
> =20
> If this requirement means that all PPSPP messages should be encrypted=20=

> (as opposed to just content in SEC.REQ-2), IPsec or DTLS is the =
obvious=20
> solution.
> =20
> I'd like to raise this as Issue #39, and propose to add a paragraph to
> Section 7 of the draft with the explanation I just gave. Furthermore,
> a key distribution scheme would have to be added.
> =20
> =20
> >    * PPSP.SEC.REQ-4: PPSP MUST have mechanisms to limit potential =
damage
> >    caused by malfunctioning and badly behaving peers in the P2P
> >    streaming system.
> >
> >    Such an attack will degrade the quality of the rendered media at =
the
> >    receiver.  For example, in a P2P live video streaming system a
> >    polluter can introduce corrupted chunks.  Each receiver =
integrates
> >    into its playback stream the polluted chunks it receives from its
> >    other neighbors.  Since the peers forwards chunks to other peers, =
the
> >    polluted content can potentially spread through much of the P2P
> >    streaming network.
> =20
> Content integrity protection helps here. I'd like to raise this as =
Issue=20
> #40 and will provide a per-message analysis of issues later.
> =20
> =20
> >    * PPSP.SEC.REQ-5: PPSP SHOULD support identifying badly behaving =
peers,
> >    and exclude or reject them from the P2P streaming system.
> =20
> Quoting WG draft 6.3.2.3: "The Merkle tree hashing scheme allows a=20
> receiving peer to detect a malicious or faulty sender, which it can=20
> subsequently ignore. Spreading this knowledge to other peers such that=20=

> they know about this bad behavior is hearsay."
> =20
> So we can provide protection, but to actually oust bad peers =
permanently=20
> from the system, access control and a reliable accusation system is=20
> needed that is itself protected against malicious peers reporting =
about=20
> good peers. Such a system is complex.
> I'd like to raise this as Issue #41, and propose to add a paragraph to
> Section 7 of the draft with the explanation I just gave.
> =20
> =20
> >   * PPSP.SEC.REQ-6: PPSP MUST prevent peers from DoS attacks which =
will
> >    exhaust the P2P streaming system's available resource.
> >
> >    Given the prevalence of DoS attacks in the Internet, it is =
important
> >    to realize that a similar threat could exist in a large-scale
> >    streaming system where attackers are capable of consuming a lot =
of
> >    resources with just a small amount of effort.
> =20
> Quoting WG draft 6.3.2.3: "A risk in peer-to-peer streaming systems is=20=

> that malicious peers launch an Eclipse [ECLIPSE] attack on the initial
> injectors of the content (in particular in live streaming). The attack
> tries to let the injector upload to just malicious peers which then do
> not forward the content to others, thus stopping the distribution. An
> Eclipse attack could also be launched on an individual peer. Letting
> these injectors only use trusted trackers that provide true random
> samples of the population or using a secure peer sampling service
> [PUPPETCAST] can help negate such an attack."
> =20
> So we need PEX protection as discussed in the mail "Proposal to =
resolve=20
> Issue 17+20..." of Feb 14th. In addition, a peer A must not
> let other peers T1..TN fill all its available connection slots, i.e.,
> A must initiate connections itself too, to prevent isolation.
> =20
> Furthermore, to prevent malicious peers consuming all upload bandwidth=20=

> of a peer, there should be a limit on the upload capacity a single =
peer
> can consume, e.g. via a limit on the number of requests as in=20
> SecureStream [SECSTREAM]. A natural upper limit of this upload quotum =
is=20
> the bitrate of the content.
> =20
> Protection against amplifcation attacks such as mentioned in the mail=20=

> "Proposal to solve Issue #26" of Jan 25th also help to satisfy this=20
> requirement.
> =20
> If you know any other resource exhaustion attacks possible, please=20
> submit them with proposals on how to solve them.
> =20
> I'd like to raise this as Issue #42, and propose to add paragraphs to
> Section 7 of the draft with the explanation I just gave.
> =20
> =20
> >    * PPSP.SEC.REQ-7: PPSP SHOULD be robust, i.e., when centralized =
tracker
> >    fails the P2P streaming system SHOULD still work by supporting
> >    distributed trackers.
> =20
> We need PEX protection as discussed in the mail "Proposal to resolve=20=

> Issue 17+20..." of Feb 14th. I propose to update Issue 20 to indicate=20=

> that this requirement is related.
> =20
> =20
> >    * PPSP.SEC.REQ-9: Integrity of the streaming content in PPSP MUST =
be
> >    supported to provide a peer with the possibility to identify
> >    inauthentic media content (undesirable modified by other entities
> >    rather than its genuine source).  The corresponding checksum
> >    distribution and verification scheme SHOULD scale well in P2P
> >    streaming system and be robust against distrustful =
trackers/peers.
> =20
> The Merkle hash trees mechanism provides content integrity protection
> and is already explained in the draft. Merkle hash trees can also be=20=

> used for live streaming. In that context we should quote [DIGSIGFLOW],=20=

> the signature amortization scheme that also uses Merkle trees.
> =20
> I'd like to raise adding the reference as Issue #43. Support for=20
> multiple content integrity schemes will be added when we reach =
concensus=20
> on Issue #10+13 (see my mail dd. Jan 18th).
> =20
> =20
> What do you think?
> =20
> CU,
>      Arno
> =20
> =20
> =20
> References
> ----------
> [CLOSED] N. Borch, K. Michell, I. Arntzen, and D. Gabrijelcic: "Access
> control to BitTorrent swarms using closed swarms". In Proceedings
> of the 2010 ACM workshop on Advanced video streaming techniques
> for peer-to-peer networks and social networking (AVSTP2P '10).
> ACM, New York, NY, USA, 25-30.
> http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1877891.1877898
> =20
> [ENHCLOSED] V. Jovanovikj, D. Gabrijel=C4=8Di=C4=8D and T. Klobu=C4=8Dar=
. "Access=20
> Control in BitTorrent P2P Networks Using the Enhanced Closed Swarms
> Protocol". In Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on=20
> Emerging Security Information, Systems and Technologies (SECURWARE
> 2011), pp. 97-102, Nice, France, August 2011.
> =20
> [SECSTREAM] Maya Haridasan and Robbert van Renesse. "SecureStream: An=20=

> Intrusion-Tolerant Protocol for Live-Streaming Dissemination". The=20
> Journal of Computer Communication's Special issue on Foundation of=20
> Peer-to-Peer Computing. Volume 31 Number 2, Elsevier, 2008.
> =20
> [DIGSIGFLOW] Chung Kei Wong and Simon S. Lam. "Digital Signatures for=20=

> Flows and Multicasts". IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking,
> Volume 7,  Issue 4, pp. 502-513, Aug 1999.
> http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/90.793005
> _______________________________________________
> ppsp mailing list
> ppsp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ppsp


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<DIV>Hi Arno and all,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp; Pls see inline for the comments.&nbsp; Because I am not =
a=20
security expert, more expertise are expected.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>BR</DIV>
<DIV>Yunfei</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<HR style=3D"WIDTH: 210px; HEIGHT: 1px" align=3Dleft color=3D#b5c4df SIZE=
=3D1>

<DIV><SPAN>zhangyunfei</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOT=
TOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt s=
olid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<DIV=20
style=3D"PADDING-BOTTOM: 8px; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 8px; BACKG=
ROUND: #efefef; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 8px">
<DIV><B>From:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl">Arno Bakker</A></D=
IV>
<DIV><B>Date:</B>&nbsp;2012-02-14&nbsp;21:24</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B>&nbsp;[ppsp] New issues derived from PPSP=20
requirements...</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>Hi</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I've&nbsp;gone&nbsp;over&nbsp;the&nbsp;requirements&nbsp;list&nbsp;in=
&nbsp;draft-ietf-ppsp-reqs-05</DIV>
<DIV>and&nbsp;identified&nbsp;some&nbsp;issues&nbsp;(mostly&nbsp;security&=
nbsp;related)&nbsp;that&nbsp;need&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>discussed&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;WG:</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;*&nbsp;"PPSP.REQ-8:&nbsp;The&nbsp;tracker&nbsp;and&nbsp;pee=
r&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;together&nbsp;MUST&nbsp;facilitate</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;acceptable&nbsp;QoS&nbsp;(e.g.&nbsp;low&nbsp;st=
artup&nbsp;delay,&nbsp;low&nbsp;channel/content&nbsp;switching</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;time&nbsp;and&nbsp;minimal&nbsp;end-to-end&nbsp=
;delay)&nbsp;for&nbsp;both&nbsp;on-demand&nbsp;and&nbsp;live</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streaming,&nbsp;even&nbsp;for&nbsp;very&nbsp;po=
pular&nbsp;content.&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;tracker&nbsp;and&nbsp;peer</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;do&nbsp;not&nbsp;include&nbsp;the=
&nbsp;algorithm&nbsp;required&nbsp;for&nbsp;scalable</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streaming.&nbsp;&nbsp;However,&nbsp;the&nbsp;tr=
acker&nbsp;and&nbsp;peer&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;SHALL&nbsp;NOT&nbsp;restrict</=
DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;or&nbsp;place&nbsp;limits&nbsp;on&nbsp;any&nbsp=
;such&nbsp;algorithm.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There&nbsp;are&nbsp;basic&nbsp;QoS&nbsp;require=
ments&nbsp;for&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;system.&nbsp;&nbsp;Setup&nbsp;time&nbsp=
;to</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;receive&nbsp;a&nbsp;new&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;cha=
nnel&nbsp;or&nbsp;to&nbsp;switch&nbsp;between&nbsp;channels&nbsp;should</D=
IV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;be&nbsp;reasonable&nbsp;small.&nbsp;&nbsp;End&n=
bsp;to&nbsp;end&nbsp;delay&nbsp;(time&nbsp;between&nbsp;content</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;generation,&nbsp;e.g.&nbsp;camera&nbsp;and&nbsp=
;content&nbsp;consumption,&nbsp;e.g.&nbsp;user&nbsp;side</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;monitor)&nbsp;will&nbsp;become&nbsp;critical&nb=
sp;in&nbsp;case&nbsp;of&nbsp;live&nbsp;streaming.&nbsp;&nbsp;Especially</D=
IV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;in&nbsp;provisioning&nbsp;of&nbsp;sports&nbsp;e=
vents,&nbsp;end&nbsp;to&nbsp;end&nbsp;delay&nbsp;of&nbsp;1&nbsp;minute&nbs=
p;and</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;more&nbsp;are&nbsp;not&nbsp;acceptable.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;instance,&nbsp;the&nbsp;tracker&nbsp;a=
nd&nbsp;peer&nbsp;protocols&nbsp;can&nbsp;support&nbsp;carrying&nbsp;QoS</=
DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;related&nbsp;parameters&nbsp;(e.g.&nbsp;video&n=
bsp;quality,&nbsp;delay&nbsp;requirements)&nbsp;together</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;priorities&nbsp;of&nbsp;thes=
e&nbsp;parameters,&nbsp;and&nbsp;QoS&nbsp;situation&nbsp;(e.g.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;performance,&nbsp;available&nbsp;uplink&nbsp;ba=
ndwidth)&nbsp;of&nbsp;content&nbsp;providing&nbsp;peers.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;There&nbsp;are&nbsp;also&nbsp;some&nbsp;other&n=
bsp;possible&nbsp;mechanisms,&nbsp;e.g.&nbsp;addition&nbsp;of&nbsp;super</=
DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;peers,&nbsp;in-network&nbsp;storage,&nbsp;reque=
st&nbsp;of&nbsp;alternative&nbsp;peer&nbsp;addresses,&nbsp;and</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;usage&nbsp;of&nbsp;QoS&nbsp;informatio=
n&nbsp;for&nbsp;an&nbsp;advanced&nbsp;peer&nbsp;selection."</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>The&nbsp;current&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;has&nbsp;been&nbsp;designed&nbsp;=
for&nbsp;short-time-till-playback,</DIV>
<DIV>unless&nbsp;limited&nbsp;by&nbsp;security&nbsp;considerations&nbsp;(c=
f.&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#26&nbsp;security&nbsp;of</DIV>
<DIV>handshakes).&nbsp;Otherwise&nbsp;it&nbsp;operates&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp=
;best&nbsp;effort&nbsp;mode.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>But&nbsp;perhaps&nbsp;more&nbsp;is&nbsp;needed,&nbsp;as&nbsp;indicate=
d&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;description.&nbsp;Also</DIV>
<DIV>relevant&nbsp;is&nbsp;issue&nbsp;12&nbsp;(=3DSupport&nbsp;for&nbsp;UN=
HINT),&nbsp;as&nbsp;that&nbsp;helps&nbsp;in&nbsp;making</DIV>
<DIV>requesting&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;from&nbsp;multiple&nbsp;peers&nbsp;at&nbs=
p;the&nbsp;same&nbsp;time&nbsp;efficient,</DIV>
<DIV>as&nbsp;you&nbsp;can&nbsp;cancel&nbsp;the&nbsp;duplicates&nbsp;when&n=
bsp;you&nbsp;receive&nbsp;an&nbsp;answer.</DIV>
<DIV>You&nbsp;may&nbsp;need&nbsp;double&nbsp;requests&nbsp;when&nbsp;some&=
nbsp;peers&nbsp;are&nbsp;slow&nbsp;and&nbsp;strong&nbsp;QoS</DIV>
<DIV>is&nbsp;needed.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;this&nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#3=
5.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">[Yunfei] I think this is a feasible mechanis=
m in the=20
protocol.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.PP.REQ-3:&nbsp;The&nbsp;streaming&n=
bsp;content&nbsp;availability&nbsp;request&nbsp;message</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SHOULD&nbsp;allow&nbsp;the&nbsp;peer&nbsp=
;to&nbsp;solicit&nbsp;an&nbsp;additional&nbsp;list&nbsp;of&nbsp;peers&nbsp=
;to&nbsp;that</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;received&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;tracker&=
nbsp;-&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;same&nbsp;swarm&nbsp;ID.&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbs=
p;reply</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;message&nbsp;MUST&nbsp;contain&nbsp;swarm=
-membership&nbsp;information&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;peers&nbsp;that</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;have&nbsp;explicitly&nbsp;indicated&nbsp;=
they&nbsp;are&nbsp;part&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;swarm,&nbsp;verifiable&nbsp;=
by</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;the&nbsp;receiver.&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;a=
dditional&nbsp;list&nbsp;of&nbsp;peers&nbsp;MUST&nbsp;only&nbsp;contain&nb=
sp;peers</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;which&nbsp;have&nbsp;been&nbsp;checked&nb=
sp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;valid&nbsp;and&nbsp;online&nbsp;recently&nbsp;(e.g.&nbs=
p;prevent</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;hearsay&nbsp;and&nbsp;DoS).</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;It&nbsp;is&nbsp;possible&nbsp;that&nbsp;a=
&nbsp;peer&nbsp;may&nbsp;need&nbsp;additional&nbsp;peers&nbsp;for&nbsp;cer=
tain</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;content.&nbsp;&nbsp;Theref=
ore,&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;allowed&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;peer</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;communicates&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;peer=
s&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;current&nbsp;peer&nbsp;list&nbsp;to&nbsp;obtain&nb=
sp;an</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;additional&nbsp;list&nbsp;of&nbsp;peers&n=
bsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;same&nbsp;swarm.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>The&nbsp;draft&nbsp;uses&nbsp;PEX_*&nbsp;messages&nbsp;for&nbsp;this,=
&nbsp;hence&nbsp;I&nbsp;propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;rephrase&nbsp;this&nbsp;</DIV=
>
<DIV>requirement,&nbsp;or&nbsp;declare&nbsp;PEX&nbsp;as&nbsp;sufficient&nb=
sp;to&nbsp;satisfy&nbsp;this&nbsp;requirement.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">[Yunfei] Do you mean to rephrase this requir=
ement in=20
which document? Peer protocol or merged requirements draft?</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">I am okay to see the declaration in the peer=
=20
protocol.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.PP.REQ-6:&nbsp;The&nbsp;peer&=
nbsp;status&nbsp;report/update&nbsp;SHOULD&nbsp;be&nbsp;advertised</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;among&nbsp;the&nbsp;peers&nbsp;to&nbsp;re=
flect&nbsp;the&nbsp;status&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;peer.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Peer&nbsp;status&nbsp;information&nbsp;sh=
ould&nbsp;be&nbsp;advertised&nbsp;among&nbsp;the&nbsp;peers&nbsp;via&nbsp;=
the</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;peer&nbsp;status&nbsp;report/update&nbsp;=
message.&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;example,&nbsp;peer&nbsp;status&nbsp;can&nbsp;=
be</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;online&nbsp;time,&nbsp;physical&nbsp;link=
&nbsp;status&nbsp;including&nbsp;DSL/WIFI/etc,&nbsp;battery</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;status,&nbsp;processing&nbsp;capability,&=
nbsp;and&nbsp;other&nbsp;capabilities&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;peer.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;With&nbsp;this&nbsp;information,&nbsp;a&n=
bsp;peer&nbsp;can&nbsp;select&nbsp;more&nbsp;appropriate&nbsp;peers&nbsp;f=
or</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streaming.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;this&nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#3=
6.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.SEC.REQ-1:&nbsp;PPSP&nbsp;MUS=
T&nbsp;support&nbsp;closed&nbsp;swarms,&nbsp;where&nbsp;the&nbsp;peers&nbs=
p;are</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;authenticated.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;ensures&nbsp;that&nbsp;only&nbs=
p;the&nbsp;authenticated&nbsp;users&nbsp;can&nbsp;access&nbsp;the</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;original&nbsp;media&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp=
;P2P&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;system.&nbsp;&nbsp;This&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;ach=
ieved&nbsp;by</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;security&nbsp;mechanisms&nbsp;such&nbsp;a=
s&nbsp;user&nbsp;authentication&nbsp;and/or&nbsp;key&nbsp;management</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;scheme.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;this&nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#3=
7.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>In&nbsp;addition,&nbsp;I&nbsp;propose&nbsp;the&nbsp;following&nbsp;so=
lution:&nbsp;The&nbsp;Closed&nbsp;Swarms&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>[CLOSED]&nbsp;and&nbsp;Enchanced&nbsp;Closed&nbsp;Swarms&nbsp;[ENHCLO=
SED]&nbsp;mechanisms&nbsp;developed&nbsp;in&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>the&nbsp;P2P-Next&nbsp;project&nbsp;provide&nbsp;swarm-level&nbsp;acc=
ess&nbsp;control.</DIV>
<DIV>The&nbsp;basic&nbsp;idea&nbsp;is&nbsp;that&nbsp;a&nbsp;peer&nbsp;cann=
ot&nbsp;download&nbsp;from&nbsp;another&nbsp;peer&nbsp;unless&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>it&nbsp;shows&nbsp;a&nbsp;Proof-of-Access.&nbsp;Enhanced&nbsp;Closed&=
nbsp;Swarms&nbsp;improve&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>original&nbsp;Closed&nbsp;Swarms&nbsp;by&nbsp;adding&nbsp;on-the-wire=
&nbsp;encryption&nbsp;against&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>man-in-the-middle&nbsp;attacks&nbsp;and&nbsp;more&nbsp;flexible&nbsp;=
access&nbsp;control&nbsp;rules.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I&nbsp;propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;describe&nbsp;Enhanced&nbsp;Closed&nbsp;S=
warms&nbsp;as&nbsp;one&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;mechanisms&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>(please&nbsp;put&nbsp;forward&nbsp;others&nbsp;if&nbsp;you&nbsp;know&=
nbsp;about&nbsp;them)&nbsp;to&nbsp;satisfy&nbsp;the&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>requirement&nbsp;and&nbsp;include&nbsp;it&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;Section=
&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;WG&nbsp;draft.</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">[Yunfei] Same question as above. In the peer=
=20
protocol draft? If so, I think it's okay.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.SEC.REQ-2:&nbsp;Confidentiality&nbs=
p;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;content&nbsp;in&nbsp;PPSP</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SHOULD&nbsp;be&nbsp;supported&nbsp;and&nb=
sp;the&nbsp;corresponding&nbsp;key&nbsp;management&nbsp;scheme</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;SHOULD&nbsp;scale&nbsp;well&nbsp;in&nbsp;=
P2P&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;system.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>No&nbsp;extra&nbsp;mechanism&nbsp;is&nbsp;needed&nbsp;in&nbsp;to&nbsp=
;support&nbsp;confidentiality&nbsp;in&nbsp;PPSPP.&nbsp;A</DIV>
<DIV>content&nbsp;publisher&nbsp;wishing&nbsp;confidentiality&nbsp;should&=
nbsp;just&nbsp;distribute&nbsp;content&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>in&nbsp;cyphertext&nbsp;/&nbsp;DRM-ed&nbsp;format.&nbsp;I&nbsp;assume=
&nbsp;a&nbsp;higher&nbsp;layer&nbsp;handles&nbsp;key&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>management&nbsp;out-of-band.&nbsp;Alternatively,&nbsp;the&nbsp;swarm&=
nbsp;access&nbsp;control&nbsp;will&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>point-to-point&nbsp;encrypt&nbsp;content.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;this&nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#3=
8,&nbsp;and&nbsp;propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;add&nbsp;a&nbsp;paragraph&nbsp;to</D=
IV>
<DIV>Section&nbsp;7&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;draft&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;ex=
planation&nbsp;I&nbsp;just&nbsp;gave.</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">[Yunfei] I am fine with this.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.SEC.REQ-3:&nbsp;PPSP&nbsp;MUST&nbsp=
;provide&nbsp;an&nbsp;option&nbsp;to&nbsp;encrypt&nbsp;the&nbsp;data</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;exchange&nbsp;among&nbsp;the&nbsp;PPSP&nb=
sp;entities.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>If&nbsp;this&nbsp;requirement&nbsp;means&nbsp;that&nbsp;all&nbsp;PPSP=
P&nbsp;messages&nbsp;should&nbsp;be&nbsp;encrypted&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>(as&nbsp;opposed&nbsp;to&nbsp;just&nbsp;content&nbsp;in&nbsp;SEC.REQ-=
2),&nbsp;IPsec&nbsp;or&nbsp;DTLS&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;obvious&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>solution.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;this&nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#3=
9,&nbsp;and&nbsp;propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;add&nbsp;a&nbsp;paragraph&nbsp;to</D=
IV>
<DIV>Section&nbsp;7&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;draft&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;ex=
planation&nbsp;I&nbsp;just&nbsp;gave.&nbsp;Furthermore,</DIV>
<DIV>a&nbsp;key&nbsp;distribution&nbsp;scheme&nbsp;would&nbsp;have&nbsp;to=
&nbsp;be&nbsp;added.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.SEC.REQ-4:&nbsp;PPSP&nbsp;MUS=
T&nbsp;have&nbsp;mechanisms&nbsp;to&nbsp;limit&nbsp;potential&nbsp;damage<=
/DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;caused&nbsp;by&nbsp;malfunctioning&nbsp;a=
nd&nbsp;badly&nbsp;behaving&nbsp;peers&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;P2P</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;system.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Such&nbsp;an&nbsp;attack&nbsp;will&nbsp;d=
egrade&nbsp;the&nbsp;quality&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;rendered&nbsp;media&nbs=
p;at&nbsp;the</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;receiver.&nbsp;&nbsp;For&nbsp;example,&nb=
sp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;P2P&nbsp;live&nbsp;video&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;system&nbsp=
;a</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;polluter&nbsp;can&nbsp;introduce&nbsp;cor=
rupted&nbsp;chunks.&nbsp;&nbsp;Each&nbsp;receiver&nbsp;integrates</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;into&nbsp;its&nbsp;playback&nbsp;stream&n=
bsp;the&nbsp;polluted&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;it&nbsp;receives&nbsp;from&nbsp;its=
</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;other&nbsp;neighbors.&nbsp;&nbsp;Since&nb=
sp;the&nbsp;peers&nbsp;forwards&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;to&nbsp;other&nbsp;peers,=
&nbsp;the</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;polluted&nbsp;content&nbsp;can&nbsp;poten=
tially&nbsp;spread&nbsp;through&nbsp;much&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;P2P</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;network.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Content&nbsp;integrity&nbsp;protection&nbsp;helps&nbsp;here.&nbsp;I'd=
&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;this&nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>#40&nbsp;and&nbsp;will&nbsp;provide&nbsp;a&nbsp;per-message&nbsp;anal=
ysis&nbsp;of&nbsp;issues&nbsp;later.</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">[Yunfei] Sounds good.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.SEC.REQ-5:&nbsp;PPSP&nbsp;SHO=
ULD&nbsp;support&nbsp;identifying&nbsp;badly&nbsp;behaving&nbsp;peers,</DI=
V>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;and&nbsp;exclude&nbsp;or&nbsp;reject&nbsp=
;them&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;P2P&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;system.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Quoting&nbsp;WG&nbsp;draft&nbsp;6.3.2.3:&nbsp;"The&nbsp;Merkle&nbsp;t=
ree&nbsp;hashing&nbsp;scheme&nbsp;allows&nbsp;a&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>receiving&nbsp;peer&nbsp;to&nbsp;detect&nbsp;a&nbsp;malicious&nbsp;or=
&nbsp;faulty&nbsp;sender,&nbsp;which&nbsp;it&nbsp;can&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>subsequently&nbsp;ignore.&nbsp;Spreading&nbsp;this&nbsp;knowledge&nbs=
p;to&nbsp;other&nbsp;peers&nbsp;such&nbsp;that&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>they&nbsp;know&nbsp;about&nbsp;this&nbsp;bad&nbsp;behavior&nbsp;is&nb=
sp;hearsay."</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>So&nbsp;we&nbsp;can&nbsp;provide&nbsp;protection,&nbsp;but&nbsp;to&nb=
sp;actually&nbsp;oust&nbsp;bad&nbsp;peers&nbsp;permanently&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>from&nbsp;the&nbsp;system,&nbsp;access&nbsp;control&nbsp;and&nbsp;a&n=
bsp;reliable&nbsp;accusation&nbsp;system&nbsp;is&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>needed&nbsp;that&nbsp;is&nbsp;itself&nbsp;protected&nbsp;against&nbsp=
;malicious&nbsp;peers&nbsp;reporting&nbsp;about&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>good&nbsp;peers.&nbsp;Such&nbsp;a&nbsp;system&nbsp;is&nbsp;complex.</=
DIV>
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV>I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;this&nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#4=
1,&nbsp;and&nbsp;propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;add&nbsp;a&nbsp;paragraph&nbsp;to</D=
IV>
<DIV>Section&nbsp;7&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;draft&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;ex=
planation&nbsp;I&nbsp;just&nbsp;gave.</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">[Yunfei] I agree with the requirement clause=
. Just=20
as discussed in last IETF,</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">I believe such functionality is essential. I=
f we=20
consider a system with some degree of malicous </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">peers, the mechanism to identify the badly p=
eers and=20
execute access control.</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">Reference[detecting malicous peers] can be a=
 good=20
starting point.</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">[detecting malicous peers]=20
Detecting&nbsp;Malicious&nbsp;Peers&nbsp;in&nbsp;Overlay&nbsp;Multicast&nb=
sp;Streaming=20
,</DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">Samarth&nbsp;Shetty,&nbsp;Patricio&nbsp;Galdames,=
&nbsp;Wallapak&nbsp;Tavanapong,&nbsp;Ying&nbsp;Cai,</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000"><FONT style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000"=20
color=3D#000001>www.cs.iastate.edu/~yingcai/public_html/pub/lcn.pdf</FONT>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000" class=3Dstd>&nbsp;<SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000"=20
class=3Dgl></SPAN></SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000"> </SPAN></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.SEC.REQ-6:&nbsp;PPSP&nbsp;MUST&nbsp=
;prevent&nbsp;peers&nbsp;from&nbsp;DoS&nbsp;attacks&nbsp;which&nbsp;will</=
DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;exhaust&nbsp;the&nbsp;P2P&nbsp;streaming&=
nbsp;system's&nbsp;available&nbsp;resource.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Given&nbsp;the&nbsp;prevalence&nbsp;of&nb=
sp;DoS&nbsp;attacks&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;Internet,&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;i=
mportant</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;to&nbsp;realize&nbsp;that&nbsp;a&nbsp;sim=
ilar&nbsp;threat&nbsp;could&nbsp;exist&nbsp;in&nbsp;a&nbsp;large-scale</DI=
V>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;system&nbsp;where&nbsp;att=
ackers&nbsp;are&nbsp;capable&nbsp;of&nbsp;consuming&nbsp;a&nbsp;lot&nbsp;o=
f</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;resources&nbsp;with&nbsp;just&nbsp;a&nbsp=
;small&nbsp;amount&nbsp;of&nbsp;effort.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Quoting&nbsp;WG&nbsp;draft&nbsp;6.3.2.3:&nbsp;"A&nbsp;risk&nbsp;in&nb=
sp;peer-to-peer&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;systems&nbsp;is&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>that&nbsp;malicious&nbsp;peers&nbsp;launch&nbsp;an&nbsp;Eclipse&nbsp;=
[ECLIPSE]&nbsp;attack&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;initial</DIV>
<DIV>injectors&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;content&nbsp;(in&nbsp;particular&nbsp=
;in&nbsp;live&nbsp;streaming).&nbsp;The&nbsp;attack</DIV>
<DIV>tries&nbsp;to&nbsp;let&nbsp;the&nbsp;injector&nbsp;upload&nbsp;to&nbs=
p;just&nbsp;malicious&nbsp;peers&nbsp;which&nbsp;then&nbsp;do</DIV>
<DIV>not&nbsp;forward&nbsp;the&nbsp;content&nbsp;to&nbsp;others,&nbsp;thus=
&nbsp;stopping&nbsp;the&nbsp;distribution.&nbsp;An</DIV>
<DIV>Eclipse&nbsp;attack&nbsp;could&nbsp;also&nbsp;be&nbsp;launched&nbsp;o=
n&nbsp;an&nbsp;individual&nbsp;peer.&nbsp;Letting</DIV>
<DIV>these&nbsp;injectors&nbsp;only&nbsp;use&nbsp;trusted&nbsp;trackers&nb=
sp;that&nbsp;provide&nbsp;true&nbsp;random</DIV>
<DIV>samples&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;population&nbsp;or&nbsp;using&nbsp;a&nb=
sp;secure&nbsp;peer&nbsp;sampling&nbsp;service</DIV>
<DIV>[PUPPETCAST]&nbsp;can&nbsp;help&nbsp;negate&nbsp;such&nbsp;an&nbsp;at=
tack."</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>So&nbsp;we&nbsp;need&nbsp;PEX&nbsp;protection&nbsp;as&nbsp;discussed&=
nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;mail&nbsp;"Proposal&nbsp;to&nbsp;resolve&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Issue&nbsp;17+20..."&nbsp;of&nbsp;Feb&nbsp;14th.&nbsp;In&nbsp;additio=
n,&nbsp;a&nbsp;peer&nbsp;A&nbsp;must&nbsp;not</DIV>
<DIV>let&nbsp;other&nbsp;peers&nbsp;T1..TN&nbsp;fill&nbsp;all&nbsp;its&nbs=
p;available&nbsp;connection&nbsp;slots,&nbsp;i.e.,</DIV>
<DIV>A&nbsp;must&nbsp;initiate&nbsp;connections&nbsp;itself&nbsp;too,&nbsp=
;to&nbsp;prevent&nbsp;isolation.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Furthermore,&nbsp;to&nbsp;prevent&nbsp;malicious&nbsp;peers&nbsp;cons=
uming&nbsp;all&nbsp;upload&nbsp;bandwidth&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>of&nbsp;a&nbsp;peer,&nbsp;there&nbsp;should&nbsp;be&nbsp;a&nbsp;limit=
&nbsp;on&nbsp;the&nbsp;upload&nbsp;capacity&nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;peer</=
DIV>
<DIV>can&nbsp;consume,&nbsp;e.g.&nbsp;via&nbsp;a&nbsp;limit&nbsp;on&nbsp;t=
he&nbsp;number&nbsp;of&nbsp;requests&nbsp;as&nbsp;in&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>SecureStream&nbsp;[SECSTREAM].&nbsp;A&nbsp;natural&nbsp;upper&nbsp;li=
mit&nbsp;of&nbsp;this&nbsp;upload&nbsp;quotum&nbsp;is&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>the&nbsp;bitrate&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;content.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Protection&nbsp;against&nbsp;amplifcation&nbsp;attacks&nbsp;such&nbsp=
;as&nbsp;mentioned&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;mail&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>"Proposal&nbsp;to&nbsp;solve&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#26"&nbsp;of&nbsp;Jan&nb=
sp;25th&nbsp;also&nbsp;help&nbsp;to&nbsp;satisfy&nbsp;this&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>requirement.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>If&nbsp;you&nbsp;know&nbsp;any&nbsp;other&nbsp;resource&nbsp;exhausti=
on&nbsp;attacks&nbsp;possible,&nbsp;please&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>submit&nbsp;them&nbsp;with&nbsp;proposals&nbsp;on&nbsp;how&nbsp;to&nb=
sp;solve&nbsp;them.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;this&nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#4=
2,&nbsp;and&nbsp;propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;add&nbsp;paragraphs&nbsp;to</DIV>
<DIV>Section&nbsp;7&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;draft&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;ex=
planation&nbsp;I&nbsp;just&nbsp;gave.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.SEC.REQ-7:&nbsp;PPSP&nbsp;SHO=
ULD&nbsp;be&nbsp;robust,&nbsp;i.e.,&nbsp;when&nbsp;centralized&nbsp;tracke=
r</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;fails&nbsp;the&nbsp;P2P&nbsp;streaming&nb=
sp;system&nbsp;SHOULD&nbsp;still&nbsp;work&nbsp;by&nbsp;supporting</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;distributed&nbsp;trackers.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>We&nbsp;need&nbsp;PEX&nbsp;protection&nbsp;as&nbsp;discussed&nbsp;in&=
nbsp;the&nbsp;mail&nbsp;"Proposal&nbsp;to&nbsp;resolve&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Issue&nbsp;17+20..."&nbsp;of&nbsp;Feb&nbsp;14th.&nbsp;I&nbsp;propose&=
nbsp;to&nbsp;update&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;20&nbsp;to&nbsp;indicate&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>that&nbsp;this&nbsp;requirement&nbsp;is&nbsp;related.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;*&nbsp;PPSP.SEC.REQ-9:&nbsp;Integrity&nbs=
p;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;content&nbsp;in&nbsp;PPSP&nbsp;MUST&nbsp=
;be</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;supported&nbsp;to&nbsp;provide&nbsp;a&nbs=
p;peer&nbsp;with&nbsp;the&nbsp;possibility&nbsp;to&nbsp;identify</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;inauthentic&nbsp;media&nbsp;content&nbsp;=
(undesirable&nbsp;modified&nbsp;by&nbsp;other&nbsp;entities</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;rather&nbsp;than&nbsp;its&nbsp;genuine&nb=
sp;source).&nbsp;&nbsp;The&nbsp;corresponding&nbsp;checksum</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;distribution&nbsp;and&nbsp;verification&n=
bsp;scheme&nbsp;SHOULD&nbsp;scale&nbsp;well&nbsp;in&nbsp;P2P</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;system&nbsp;and&nbsp;be&nb=
sp;robust&nbsp;against&nbsp;distrustful&nbsp;trackers/peers.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>The&nbsp;Merkle&nbsp;hash&nbsp;trees&nbsp;mechanism&nbsp;provides&nbs=
p;content&nbsp;integrity&nbsp;protection</DIV>
<DIV>and&nbsp;is&nbsp;already&nbsp;explained&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;draft.&=
nbsp;Merkle&nbsp;hash&nbsp;trees&nbsp;can&nbsp;also&nbsp;be&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>used&nbsp;for&nbsp;live&nbsp;streaming.&nbsp;In&nbsp;that&nbsp;contex=
t&nbsp;we&nbsp;should&nbsp;quote&nbsp;[DIGSIGFLOW],&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>the&nbsp;signature&nbsp;amortization&nbsp;scheme&nbsp;that&nbsp;also&=
nbsp;uses&nbsp;Merkle&nbsp;trees.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>I'd&nbsp;like&nbsp;to&nbsp;raise&nbsp;adding&nbsp;the&nbsp;reference&=
nbsp;as&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#43.&nbsp;Support&nbsp;for&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>multiple&nbsp;content&nbsp;integrity&nbsp;schemes&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&n=
bsp;added&nbsp;when&nbsp;we&nbsp;reach&nbsp;concensus&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>on&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;#10+13&nbsp;(see&nbsp;my&nbsp;mail&nbsp;dd.&nbsp;J=
an&nbsp;18th).</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>What&nbsp;do&nbsp;you&nbsp;think?</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>CU,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Arno</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>References</DIV>
<DIV>----------</DIV>
<DIV>[CLOSED]&nbsp;N.&nbsp;Borch,&nbsp;K.&nbsp;Michell,&nbsp;I.&nbsp;Arntz=
en,&nbsp;and&nbsp;D.&nbsp;Gabrijelcic:&nbsp;"Access</DIV>
<DIV>control&nbsp;to&nbsp;BitTorrent&nbsp;swarms&nbsp;using&nbsp;closed&nb=
sp;swarms".&nbsp;In&nbsp;Proceedings</DIV>
<DIV>of&nbsp;the&nbsp;2010&nbsp;ACM&nbsp;workshop&nbsp;on&nbsp;Advanced&nb=
sp;video&nbsp;streaming&nbsp;techniques</DIV>
<DIV>for&nbsp;peer-to-peer&nbsp;networks&nbsp;and&nbsp;social&nbsp;network=
ing&nbsp;(AVSTP2P&nbsp;'10).</DIV>
<DIV>ACM,&nbsp;New&nbsp;York,&nbsp;NY,&nbsp;USA,&nbsp;25-30.</DIV>
<DIV>http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/1877891.1877898</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>[ENHCLOSED]&nbsp;V.&nbsp;Jovanovikj,&nbsp;D.&nbsp;Gabrijel=C4=8Di=C4=
=8D&nbsp;and&nbsp;T.&nbsp;Klobu=C4=8Dar.&nbsp;"Access&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Control&nbsp;in&nbsp;BitTorrent&nbsp;P2P&nbsp;Networks&nbsp;Using&nbs=
p;the&nbsp;Enhanced&nbsp;Closed&nbsp;Swarms</DIV>
<DIV>Protocol".&nbsp;In&nbsp;Proceedings&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;Fifth&nbsp;=
International&nbsp;Conference&nbsp;on&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Emerging&nbsp;Security&nbsp;Information,&nbsp;Systems&nbsp;and&nbsp;T=
echnologies&nbsp;(SECURWARE</DIV>
<DIV>2011),&nbsp;pp.&nbsp;97-102,&nbsp;Nice,&nbsp;France,&nbsp;August&nbsp=
;2011.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>[SECSTREAM]&nbsp;Maya&nbsp;Haridasan&nbsp;and&nbsp;Robbert&nbsp;van&n=
bsp;Renesse.&nbsp;"SecureStream:&nbsp;An&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Intrusion-Tolerant&nbsp;Protocol&nbsp;for&nbsp;Live-Streaming&nbsp;Di=
ssemination".&nbsp;The&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Journal&nbsp;of&nbsp;Computer&nbsp;Communication's&nbsp;Special&nbsp;=
issue&nbsp;on&nbsp;Foundation&nbsp;of&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Peer-to-Peer&nbsp;Computing.&nbsp;Volume&nbsp;31&nbsp;Number&nbsp;2,&=
nbsp;Elsevier,&nbsp;2008.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>[DIGSIGFLOW]&nbsp;Chung&nbsp;Kei&nbsp;Wong&nbsp;and&nbsp;Simon&nbsp;S=
.&nbsp;Lam.&nbsp;"Digital&nbsp;Signatures&nbsp;for&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Flows&nbsp;and&nbsp;Multicasts".&nbsp;IEEE/ACM&nbsp;Transactions&nbsp=
;on&nbsp;Networking,</DIV>
<DIV>Volume&nbsp;7,&nbsp;&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;4,&nbsp;pp.&nbsp;502-513,&nbsp;A=
ug&nbsp;1999.</DIV>
<DIV>http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/90.793005</DIV>
<DIV>_______________________________________________</DIV>
<DIV>ppsp&nbsp;mailing&nbsp;list</DIV>
<DIV>ppsp@ietf.org</DIV>
<DIV>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ppsp</DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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On 18/04/2012 12:34, zhangyunfei wrote:
> Hi Arno£¬
> Pls see inline.Thanks.

Hi all

this landed in my spam box, so sorry for the late reply. See inline.

> [Yunfei] This is what I worry about. We cannot assure that each time we 
> can request
> chunks in groups of powers of 2, as it's dependent on what the serving 
> peers have, which
> is hard to ensure that the number of available chunks being powers of 2. 

IMHO, chunks will be requested in powers of 2. First, one will likely
request more than 1 chunk at a time to be able to fill the pipeline from
sender to receiver (cf. delay-bandwidth product). Requesting 1K and then
waiting for it will not be efficient. Second, as we're computer
scientists we'll use base 2 (32K, 64K, etc) when using multiples ;o)


> In such cases, requsting
> a range of chunks needs no more bits than bin number. What's worse, if 
> the chunks peer A has is
> sparsely distributed, i.e., the chunkmap is likely to be 10001011110, 
> bin numbering needs more bits.

Bins are actually more efficient than (start,end) in this example. With
bin numbers, you'll in the worst case need an integer for every 1 in the
bitmap, so 6 in this case. In a better case we might be able to address
the 4 ones at the end as a single bin. However, if you use (start,end)
addressing, you'll actually need 2 integers per 1 bit, or 12 integers.

CU,
    Arno

From a.bakker@vu.nl  Wed May  9 00:01:30 2012
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On 09/05/2012 08:19, Arno Bakker wrote:
> 
>> In such cases, requsting
>> a range of chunks needs no more bits than bin number. What's worse, if
>> the chunks peer A has is
>> sparsely distributed, i.e., the chunkmap is likely to be 10001011110,
>> bin numbering needs more bits.
> 
> Bins are actually more efficient than (start,end) in this example. With
> bin numbers, you'll in the worst case need an integer for every 1 in the
> bitmap, so 6 in this case. In a better case we might be able to address
> the 4 ones at the end as a single bin. However, if you use (start,end)
> addressing, you'll actually need 2 integers per 1 bit, or 12 integers.
> 

Correction: bins are equally or more efficient. It will take 3
(start,end) byte range pairs to represent 10001011110, so 6 ints. It
will take 3 to 6 bins to represent that, so 3-6 ints.

CU,
     Arno


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<DIV>Hi Arno,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I had an email on discussing=20
the&nbsp;new&nbsp;issues&nbsp;derived&nbsp;from&nbsp;PPSP&nbsp;requirement=
s you=20
proposed in the mailing list several days ago. I am not sure if you receiv=
ed it=20
correctly. If not, please check the spam box again.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>BR</DIV>
<DIV>Yunfei</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<HR style=3D"WIDTH: 210px; HEIGHT: 1px" align=3Dleft color=3D#b5c4df SIZE=
=3D1>

<DIV><SPAN>zhangyunfei</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOT=
TOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt s=
olid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
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ROUND: #efefef; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 8px">
<DIV><B>=B7=A2=BC=FE=C8=CB=A3=BA</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl"=
>Arno Bakker</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>=B7=A2=CB=CD=CA=B1=BC=E4=A3=BA</B>&nbsp;2012-05-09&nbsp;14:19</DIV=
>
<DIV><B>=CA=D5=BC=FE=C8=CB=A3=BA</B>&nbsp;<A=20
href=3D"mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com">zhangyunfei</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>=B3=AD=CB=CD=A3=BA</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp<=
/A></DIV>
<DIV><B>=D6=F7=CC=E2=A3=BA</B>&nbsp;Re: [Spam]=BB=D8=B8=B4: Re:[ppsp]=BB=
=D8=B8=B4: Re: Proposal to resolve Issue 10=20
+ 13</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>On&nbsp;18/04/2012&nbsp;12:34,&nbsp;zhangyunfei&nbsp;wrote:</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;Hi&nbsp;Arno=A3=AC</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;Pls&nbsp;see&nbsp;inline.Thanks.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Hi&nbsp;all</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>this&nbsp;landed&nbsp;in&nbsp;my&nbsp;spam&nbsp;box,&nbsp;so&nbsp;sor=
ry&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;late&nbsp;reply.&nbsp;See&nbsp;inline.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;[Yunfei]&nbsp;This&nbsp;is&nbsp;what&nbsp;I&nbsp;worry&nbsp=
;about.&nbsp;We&nbsp;cannot&nbsp;assure&nbsp;that&nbsp;each&nbsp;time&nbsp=
;we&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;can&nbsp;request</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;in&nbsp;groups&nbsp;of&nbsp;powers&nbsp;of&nbsp=
;2,&nbsp;as&nbsp;it's&nbsp;dependent&nbsp;on&nbsp;what&nbsp;the&nbsp;servi=
ng&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;peers&nbsp;have,&nbsp;which</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;is&nbsp;hard&nbsp;to&nbsp;ensure&nbsp;that&nbsp;the&nbsp;nu=
mber&nbsp;of&nbsp;available&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;being&nbsp;powers&nbsp;of&nbs=
p;2.&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>IMHO,&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;requested&nbsp;in&nbsp;power=
s&nbsp;of&nbsp;2.&nbsp;First,&nbsp;one&nbsp;will&nbsp;likely</DIV>
<DIV>request&nbsp;more&nbsp;than&nbsp;1&nbsp;chunk&nbsp;at&nbsp;a&nbsp;tim=
e&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;fill&nbsp;the&nbsp;pipeline&nbsp;=
from</DIV>
<DIV>sender&nbsp;to&nbsp;receiver&nbsp;(cf.&nbsp;delay-bandwidth&nbsp;prod=
uct).&nbsp;Requesting&nbsp;1K&nbsp;and&nbsp;then</DIV>
<DIV>waiting&nbsp;for&nbsp;it&nbsp;will&nbsp;not&nbsp;be&nbsp;efficient.&n=
bsp;Second,&nbsp;as&nbsp;we're&nbsp;computer</DIV>
<DIV>scientists&nbsp;we'll&nbsp;use&nbsp;base&nbsp;2&nbsp;(32K,&nbsp;64K,&=
nbsp;etc)&nbsp;when&nbsp;using&nbsp;multiples&nbsp;;o)</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;In&nbsp;such&nbsp;cases,&nbsp;requsting</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;a&nbsp;range&nbsp;of&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;needs&nbsp;no&nbsp;mo=
re&nbsp;bits&nbsp;than&nbsp;bin&nbsp;number.&nbsp;What's&nbsp;worse,&nbsp;=
if&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;the&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;peer&nbsp;A&nbsp;has&nbsp;is</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;sparsely&nbsp;distributed,&nbsp;i.e.,&nbsp;the&nbsp;chunkma=
p&nbsp;is&nbsp;likely&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;10001011110,&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;bin&nbsp;numbering&nbsp;needs&nbsp;more&nbsp;bits.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Bins&nbsp;are&nbsp;actually&nbsp;more&nbsp;efficient&nbsp;than&nbsp;(=
start,end)&nbsp;in&nbsp;this&nbsp;example.&nbsp;With</DIV>
<DIV>bin&nbsp;numbers,&nbsp;you'll&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;worst&nbsp;case&n=
bsp;need&nbsp;an&nbsp;integer&nbsp;for&nbsp;every&nbsp;1&nbsp;in&nbsp;the<=
/DIV>
<DIV>bitmap,&nbsp;so&nbsp;6&nbsp;in&nbsp;this&nbsp;case.&nbsp;In&nbsp;a&nb=
sp;better&nbsp;case&nbsp;we&nbsp;might&nbsp;be&nbsp;able&nbsp;to&nbsp;addr=
ess</DIV>
<DIV>the&nbsp;4&nbsp;ones&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;end&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;si=
ngle&nbsp;bin.&nbsp;However,&nbsp;if&nbsp;you&nbsp;use&nbsp;(start,end)</D=
IV>
<DIV>addressing,&nbsp;you'll&nbsp;actually&nbsp;need&nbsp;2&nbsp;integers&=
nbsp;per&nbsp;1&nbsp;bit,&nbsp;or&nbsp;12&nbsp;integers.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>CU,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Arno</DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>

------=_001_NextPart320220147167_=------


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From: Picconi Fabio <Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com>
To: zhangyunfei <zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com>, ppsp <ppsp@ietf.org>
Date: Mon, 14 May 2012 14:04:38 +0200
Thread-Topic: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83
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Hi,
Somme comments:
Ticket #1 (chunk addressing mechanism). See my email send today.
Ticket #2. I can=1B$B!G=1B(Bt remember what this was about. :-)
Ticket #3 (secure PEX): I think that we can stick to a simple PEX mechanism=
 that can be augmented by an optional secure algorithm. In addition to the =
solution proposed by Arno, there is a simple mechanism described by Jesi et=
 al. [1].
Ticket #4 (FIND use case). I don=1B$B!G=1B(Bt recall exactly the details of=
 this issue. If it=1B$B!G=1B(Bs only motivating a request to the tracker to=
 find peers subject to attribute constraints, then finding peers with a sim=
ilar upload capacity (to speed up the discovery phase) is already a good mo=
tivation.
Ticket #5 (additional messages). I think the proponents of these messages s=
hould describe the use cases where these messages can be useful.
Cheers,
Fabio
[1] G.P. Jesi, A. Montresor, and M. van Steen. Secure Peer Sampling. In Com=
puter Networks, 2010.

From: ppsp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ppsp-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of zha=
ngyunfei
Sent: jeudi 3 mai 2012 10:13
To: ppsp
Subject: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83

Hi all,
    I have summarized an initial tickets list for IETF 83 meeting. Please r=
eview it and actions on these tickets are expected. Thanks.

BR
Yunfei &Stefano
---------------------------------------------------------------------------=
--------------------------------
Peer protocol:
Ticket #1=1B$B!'=1B(BPost and discuss the alternative proposal besides MHT =
in peer protocol (Proposal 10+13), list intervals (Tradeoff among complexit=
y / overhead / efficiency / implementation) and check gaps. [Martin=1B$B!$=
=1B(B Yunfei, Fabio, Lichun]
This ticket is partly solved. Simple nature number addressing and ranged ex=
pression on chunk availability. The analysis and comparison is ongoing. I'd=
 suggest to have a deadline for the resolution time after discussing with S=
tefano, i.e.,  May 26th from now on to make the decision in the WG level.

Ticket #2=1B$B!'=1B(BDiscuss the possible =1B$B!H=1B(B"state-building attac=
ks" attack on peers.[Martin](related Proposal 26)
Martin, Do you still have concerns on this? If nobody shows up, we propose =
to close this ticket.

Ticket #3: Discuss the Membership certificates impact on the tracker=1B$B!G=
=1B(Bs workload.[Fabio](related to Proposal 17+20)

Tracker protocol:
Ticket#4: Specify the FIND use case and reduce the overhead to the tracker.=
[Martin,Yunfei=1B$B!$=1B(BFabio=1B$B!$=1B(BRichardo]
Ticket#5: Discuss concrete use cases of additional messages if there are(e.=
g.,reconnect and rejoin) , and conclude the basic messages and optional one=
s in tracker protocol. [Mark, Fabio]
 We propose to the tracker protocol authors to address their tickets with a=
 splitting of their proposal:
. base spec
. additional options.

Survey
Ticket#6: Call for reviewers for survey draft, and maybe P2P streaming prov=
iders=1B$B!G=1B(B contribution on updating the draft.

________________________________
zhangyunfei

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nk=3Dpurple style=3D'margin-left:7.5pt;margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:7.5pt;=
margin-bottom:7.5pt'><div class=3DWordSection1><p class=3DMsoNormal><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>=
Hi,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0=
pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Somme comments:<o:p></=
o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-fa=
mily:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Ticket #1 (chunk addressing mech=
anism). See my email send today.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal>=
<span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1=
F497D'>Ticket #2. I can=1B$B!G=1B(Bt remember what this was about. :-)<o:p>=
</o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-=
family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Ticket #3 (secure PEX): I thin=
k that we can stick to a simple PEX mechanism that can be augmented by an o=
ptional secure algorithm. In addition to the solution proposed by Arno, the=
re is a simple mechanism described by Jesi et al. [1].<o:p></o:p></span></p=
><p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri"=
,"sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Ticket #4 (FIND use case). I don=1B$B!G=1B(Bt =
recall exactly the details of this issue. If it=1B$B!G=1B(Bs only motivatin=
g a request to the tracker to find peers subject to attribute constraints, =
then finding peers with a similar upload capacity (to speed up the discover=
y phase) is already a good motivation.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoN=
ormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";co=
lor:#1F497D'>Ticket #5 (additional messages). I think the proponents of the=
se messages should describe the use cases where these messages can be usefu=
l.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0p=
t;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Cheers,<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Cal=
ibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>Fabio<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMso=
Normal><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";c=
olor:#1F497D'>[1] G.P. Jesi, A. Montresor, and M. van Steen. Secure Peer Sa=
mpling. In Computer Networks, 2010.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNorm=
al><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color=
:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p><div style=3D'border:none;border-left=
:solid blue 1.5pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><div><div style=3D'border:none=
;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=3DMsoNo=
rmal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><b><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> ppsp-bounces@ietf.org [=
mailto:ppsp-bounces@ietf.org] <b>On Behalf Of </b>zhangyunfei<br><b>Sent:</=
b> jeudi 3 mai 2012 10:13<br><b>To:</b> ppsp<br><b>Subject:</b> [ppsp] tick=
ets for IETF 83<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>=
&nbsp;</o:p></p><div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:blac=
k'>Hi all,</span><span style=3D'color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=
=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font=
-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I&nbsp;have&=
nbsp;summarized&nbsp;an&nbsp;initial&nbsp;tickets&nbsp;list&nbsp;for&nbsp;I=
ETF&nbsp;83&nbsp;meeting. Please review it and actions on these tickets are=
 expected. Thanks.</span><span style=3D'color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>=
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=
=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>&nbsp;</span><span s=
tyle=3D'color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'ma=
rgin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-=
serif";color:black'>BR</span><span style=3D'color:black'><o:p></o:p></span>=
</p><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span s=
tyle=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Yunfei &amp;Stefano=
</span><span style=3D'color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNorm=
al style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-family:"C=
alibri","sans-serif";color:black'>-----------------------------------------=
------------------------------------------------------------------</span><s=
pan style=3D'color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal style=
=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri",=
"sans-serif";color:black'>Peer protocol:</span><span style=3D'color:black'>=
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:red'>Tic=
ket #1</span><span lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'font-family:"MS Mincho";color:blac=
k'>=1B$B!'=1B(B</span><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";col=
or:black'>Post and discuss the alternative proposal besides MHT in peer pro=
tocol (Proposal 10+13), list intervals (Tradeoff among complexity / overhea=
d / efficiency / implementation) and check gaps. [Martin</span><span lang=
=3DZH-CN style=3D'font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>=1B$B!$=1B(B</span><=
span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> Yunfei, Fabi=
o, Lichun]</span><span style=3D'color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=
=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font=
-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>This ticket is partly solved. S=
imple nature number addressing and ranged expression on chunk availability.=
 The analysis and comparison is ongoing.&nbsp;I'd suggest to have a deadlin=
e for the resolution&nbsp;time after discussing with Stefano, i.e., &nbsp;<=
/span><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:red'>May 26th=
 </span><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>from=
 now on to make the decision in the WG level.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=
=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font=
-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'=
color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm=
;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";c=
olor:red'>Ticket #2</span><span lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'font-family:"MS Minch=
o";color:black'>=1B$B!'=1B(B</span><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sa=
ns-serif";color:black'>Discuss the possible </span><span lang=3DZH-CN style=
=3D'color:black'>=1B$B!H=1B(B</span><span style=3D'font-size:9.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>&quot;state-building&nbsp;attacks&q=
uot;</span><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> =
attack on peers.[Martin](related Proposal 26)</span><span style=3D'color:bl=
ack'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-=
bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:bla=
ck'>Martin, Do you still have concerns on this? If nobody shows up, we prop=
ose to </span><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:red'>=
close this ticket.</span><span style=3D'color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p>=
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=
=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>&nbsp;</span><span s=
tyle=3D'color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'ma=
rgin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-=
serif";color:red'>Ticket #3:</span><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sa=
ns-serif";color:black'> Discuss the Membership certificates impact on the t=
racker</span><span lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'color:black'>=1B$B!G=1B(B</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>s workload.[Fa=
bio](related to Proposal 17+20)</span><span style=3D'color:black'><o:p></o:=
p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt=
'><span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>&nbsp;<=
/span><span style=3D'color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNorma=
l style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-family:"Ca=
libri","sans-serif";color:black'>Tracker protocol:</span><span style=3D'col=
or:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;ma=
rgin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";colo=
r:red'>Ticket#4:</span><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";co=
lor:black'> Specify the FIND use case and reduce the overhead to the tracke=
r.[Martin,Yunfei</span><span lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'font-family:"MS Mincho";=
color:black'>=1B$B!$=1B(B</span><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-=
serif";color:black'>Fabio</span><span lang=3DZH-CN style=3D'font-family:"MS=
 Mincho";color:black'>=1B$B!$=1B(B</span><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibr=
i","sans-serif";color:black'>Richardo]</span><span style=3D'color:black'><o=
:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:=
.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:red'>Ticke=
t#5:</span><span style=3D'font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'> =
Discuss concrete use cases of additional messages if there are(e.g.,reconne=
ct and rejoin) , and conclude the basic messages and optional ones in track=
er protocol. [Mark, Fabio]</span><span style=3D'color:black'><o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black=
'>&nbsp;We propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;tracker&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;authors=
&nbsp;to&nbsp;address&nbsp;their&nbsp;tickets&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;splitti=
ng&nbsp;of&nbsp;their&nbsp;proposal:<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=3DM=
soNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:black'>.&nbsp;base&nbsp;s=
pec<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0c=
m;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calib=
ri","sans-serif";color:black'>.&nbsp;additional&nbsp;options.<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p></div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001p=
t'><span style=3D'font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>&nbsp;=
</span><span style=3D'color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNorm=
al style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-family:"C=
alibri","sans-serif";color:black'>Survey</span><span style=3D'color:black'>=
<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-seri=
f";color:red'>Ticket#6</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"C=
alibri","sans-serif";color:black'>: Call for reviewers for survey draft, an=
d maybe P2P streaming providers=1B$B!G=1B(B contribution on updating the dr=
aft.&nbsp; </span><span style=3D'color:black'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:black'><o:p></o=
:p></span></p></div></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;mar=
gin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New =
Roman","serif";color:black'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fo=
nt-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:black'><o:p></o:p></span></p></di=
v><div class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:black'=
><hr size=3D1 width=3D210 style=3D'width:157.5pt' noshade style=3D'color:#B=
5C4DF' align=3Dleft></span></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:=
0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mic=
rosoft YaHei","serif";color:black'>zhangyunfei<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><=
/div></div></body></html>=

--_000_320C4182454E96478DC039F2C481987204EB1CD469MOPESMBX01eut_--

From a.bakker@vu.nl  Mon May 14 05:36:48 2012
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Hi Fabio and all

On 14/05/2012 14:04, Picconi Fabio wrote:
>
> Ticket #3 (secure PEX): I think that we can stick to a simple PEX
> mechanism that can be augmented by an optional secure algorithm. In
> addition to the solution proposed by Arno, there is a simple mechanism
> described by Jesi et al. [1].
>

IMHO, leaving PEX unsecured will get us comments from the IESG. My 
proposal is actually compatible with Jesi, Montresor, van Steen (Maarten 
van Steen is my boss). My membership certificates correspond to their 
signed node descriptors. This mechanism alone will prevent the addresses 
of innocent hosts being spread. I add some extra security by exploiting 
the central tracker. They go fully decentralized by probing the graph 
for malicious structures.

CU,
     Arno

From Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com  Mon May 14 08:55:41 2012
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From: Picconi Fabio <Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com>
To: "arno@cs.vu.nl" <arno@cs.vu.nl>
Date: Mon, 14 May 2012 17:52:27 +0200
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	charset="gb2312"

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.0 Transitional//EN">
<HTML><HEAD>
<META content=3D"text/html; charset=3DGB2312" http-equiv=3DContent-Type>
<STYLE>
BLOCKQUOTE {
	MARGIN-TOP: 0px; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN-LEFT: 2em
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<META name=3DGENERATOR content=3D"MSHTML 8.00.7600.16968"></HEAD>
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<DIV>Hi Arno=A3=AC</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Please see inline.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<HR style=3D"WIDTH: 210px; HEIGHT: 1px" align=3Dleft color=3D#b5c4df SIZE=
=3D1>

<DIV><SPAN>zhangyunfei</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOT=
TOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt s=
olid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<DIV=20
style=3D"PADDING-BOTTOM: 8px; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 8px; BACKG=
ROUND: #efefef; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 8px">
<DIV><B>From:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl">Arno Bakker</A></D=
IV>
<DIV><B>Date:</B>&nbsp;2012-05-09&nbsp;15:02</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp@ietf.org</A></D=
IV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B>&nbsp;Re: [ppsp][Spam] =BB=D8=B8=B4: Re:=BB=D8=B8=B4: =
Re: Proposal to resolve=20
Issue 10 + 13</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>On&nbsp;09/05/2012&nbsp;08:19,&nbsp;Arno&nbsp;Bakker&nbsp;wrote:</DIV=
>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&gt;&nbsp;In&nbsp;such&nbsp;cases,&nbsp;requsting</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&gt;&nbsp;a&nbsp;range&nbsp;of&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;needs&nbsp;no&nbs=
p;more&nbsp;bits&nbsp;than&nbsp;bin&nbsp;number.&nbsp;What's&nbsp;worse,&n=
bsp;if</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&gt;&nbsp;the&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;peer&nbsp;A&nbsp;has&nbsp;is</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&gt;&nbsp;sparsely&nbsp;distributed,&nbsp;i.e.,&nbsp;the&nbsp;chu=
nkmap&nbsp;is&nbsp;likely&nbsp;to&nbsp;be&nbsp;10001011110,</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&gt;&nbsp;bin&nbsp;numbering&nbsp;needs&nbsp;more&nbsp;bits.</DIV=
>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;Bins&nbsp;are&nbsp;actually&nbsp;more&nbsp;efficient&nbsp;t=
han&nbsp;(start,end)&nbsp;in&nbsp;this&nbsp;example.&nbsp;With</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;bin&nbsp;numbers,&nbsp;you'll&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;worst&n=
bsp;case&nbsp;need&nbsp;an&nbsp;integer&nbsp;for&nbsp;every&nbsp;1&nbsp;in=
&nbsp;the</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;bitmap,&nbsp;so&nbsp;6&nbsp;in&nbsp;this&nbsp;case.&nbsp;In=
&nbsp;a&nbsp;better&nbsp;case&nbsp;we&nbsp;might&nbsp;be&nbsp;able&nbsp;to=
&nbsp;address</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;the&nbsp;4&nbsp;ones&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;end&nbsp;as&nbsp=
;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;bin.&nbsp;However,&nbsp;if&nbsp;you&nbsp;use&nbsp;(sta=
rt,end)</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;addressing,&nbsp;you'll&nbsp;actually&nbsp;need&nbsp;2&nbsp=
;integers&nbsp;per&nbsp;1&nbsp;bit,&nbsp;or&nbsp;12&nbsp;integers.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Correction:&nbsp;bins&nbsp;are&nbsp;equally&nbsp;or&nbsp;more&nbsp;ef=
ficient.&nbsp;It&nbsp;will&nbsp;take&nbsp;3</DIV>
<DIV>(start,end)&nbsp;byte&nbsp;range&nbsp;pairs&nbsp;to&nbsp;represent&nb=
sp;10001011110,&nbsp;so&nbsp;6&nbsp;ints.&nbsp;It</DIV>
<DIV>will&nbsp;take&nbsp;3&nbsp;to&nbsp;6&nbsp;bins&nbsp;to&nbsp;represent=
&nbsp;that,&nbsp;so&nbsp;3-6&nbsp;ints.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">Yunfei: For representating a single 1 follow=
ed by 0,=20
the range pair can be shortened </DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">from (start,end) to just (start). So 3 ints =
are=20
eliminated in this case.</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">So my point is that:</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">1) in a worst case for bin, 101010..., the s=
cheme of=20
bin and range are equal considering in such case range scheme . only 1 int=
s is=20
needed for a single 1;</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">2) in a&nbsp;common&nbsp;case where there ar=
e=20
the&nbsp;consecutive 1 with the amount not the order of power of 2,</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">the scheme of bin&nbsp;is not more efficicen=
t than=20
range.</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">3)&nbsp;Only&nbsp;in the case=20
where&nbsp;the&nbsp;consecutive 1 are of the amount&nbsp;the order of powe=
r of=20
2, one int is saved in bin scheme.</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">However the complexity&nbsp;is also increase=
d in all=20
3 cases. So&nbsp;range&nbsp;scheme is a simple way to address this.&nbsp;<=
/DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV style=3D"COLOR: #ff0000">CU,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Arno</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>_______________________________________________</DIV>
<DIV>ppsp&nbsp;mailing&nbsp;list</DIV>
<DIV>ppsp@ietf.org</DIV>
<DIV>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ppsp</DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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<DIV><SPAN>zhangyunfei</SPAN></DIV>
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<DIV><B>=B7=A2=BC=FE=C8=CB=A3=BA</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:Fabio.Picconi@t=
echnicolor.com">Picconi=20
Fabio</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>=B7=A2=CB=CD=CA=B1=BC=E4=A3=BA</B>&nbsp;2012-05-14&nbsp;19:17</DIV>
<DIV><B>=CA=D5=BC=FE=C8=CB=A3=BA</B>&nbsp;<A=20
href=3D"mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com">zhangyunfei</A>; <A=20
href=3D"mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl">arno@cs.vu.nl</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>=B3=AD=CB=CD=A3=BA</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp</=
A></DIV>
<DIV><B>=D6=F7=CC=E2=A3=BA</B>&nbsp;RE: [ppsp] =BB=D8=B8=B4: Re:=BB=D8=B8=
=B4: Re: Proposal to resolve Issue 10 +=20
13</DIV></DIV></DIV>
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<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11=
pt">Sorry=20
about the late reply. I agree with Yunfei. As I mentioned during the Paris =

meeting, I think that most exchanged buffer map are likely to look like thi=
s: 1)=20
a contiguous range [0-P] (the peer has all chunks from 0 to P, where P is t=
he=20
playback position), a sparsely populated range [P+1,P+W] which corresponds =
to=20
the download window, and an empty range [P+W+1,N]. So I=A1=AFm not sure tha=
t bin=20
numbers would constitute a big improvement over using a list of=20
ranges.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11=
pt">Fabio<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11=
pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
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e; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm">
<DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTT=
OM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt sol=
id; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN><=
/B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">=20
ppsp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ppsp-bounces@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of=20
</B>zhangyunfei<BR><B>Sent:</B> mercredi 18 avril 2012 12:35<BR><B>To:</B> =

arno@cs.vu.nl<BR><B>Cc:</B> ppsp<BR><B>Subject:</B> [ppsp] </SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt" lang=3DZH-CN>=BB=D8=B8=B4</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">: Re:</SPAN><=
SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-SIZE: 10pt" lang=3DZH-CN>=BB=D8=B8=B4</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">: Re: Proposa=
l to=20
resolve Issue 10 + 13<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Hi=20
Arno<SPAN lang=3DZH-CN>=A3=AC</SPAN><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">=20
Pls see inline.Thanks.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Yunfei<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">
<HR style=3D"WIDTH: 157.5pt; COLOR: #b5c4df" align=3Dleft SIZE=3D1 width=3D=
210 noShade>
</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">zhangyunfei<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTT=
OM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt sol=
id; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BACKGROUND: #efefef" class=3DMsoNormal><B>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt"=20
lang=3DZH-CN>=B7=A2=BC=FE=C8=CB=A3=BA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt"><A=20
href=3D"mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl">Arno Bakker</A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BACKGROUND: #efefef" class=3DMsoNormal><B>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt"=20
lang=3DZH-CN>=B7=A2=CB=CD=CA=B1=BC=E4=A3=BA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">2012-04-18</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">15:31<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BACKGROUND: #efefef" class=3DMsoNormal><B>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt"=20
lang=3DZH-CN>=CA=D5=BC=FE=C8=CB=A3=BA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt"><A=20
href=3D"mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com">zhangyunfei</A><o:p></o:p></SPA=
N></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BACKGROUND: #efefef" class=3DMsoNormal><B>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt"=20
lang=3DZH-CN>=B3=AD=CB=CD=A3=BA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt"><A=20
href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp</A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BACKGROUND: #efefef" class=3DMsoNormal><B>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt"=20
lang=3DZH-CN>=D6=F7=CC=E2=A3=BA</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">Re:[ppsp]<SPAN=20
lang=3DZH-CN>=BB=D8=B8=B4</SPAN>: Re: Proposal to resolve Issue 10 +=20
13<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">On</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">18/04/2012</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">09:00,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">zhangyunfei</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">wrote:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Hi</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Arno,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">I</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">think</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">I</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">understand</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">your</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">example.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">So</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">there</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">some</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">figures</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">to</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">show</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">that</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">case</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">I</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">raised</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">small-probability</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">case?</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">That</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">would</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">be</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">convincing</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">to</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">show</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">efficiency</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">MHT</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">method.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Hi</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Yunfei</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">and</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">all<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bin</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">numbers</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">can</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">be</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">more</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bandwidth</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">efficient</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">and</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">lead</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">to</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">more</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">elegant<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">design</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">when</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">used</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">in</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">combination</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">with</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">content</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">integrity</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">protection</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">using<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Merkle</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">hash</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">trees,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">as</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">there</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">one</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">unit</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">in</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">system</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">then.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">The<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">efficiency</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">gains</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">depend</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">on</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">usage.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">If</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">you</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">request</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">chunks</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">in</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">groups</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">powers</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">2</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">(e.g.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">128</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">KiB,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">256</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">KiB)</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">as</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">common</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">in</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">computer</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">networks,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">you</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">only</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">need</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">single</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bin</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">numbers.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">On</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">other</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">hand,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">if</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">you</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">want</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">to<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">express</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">sliding</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">window</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">over</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">chunk</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">space,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">especially</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">when</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">that</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">not</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">power</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">2</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">wide,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">you</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">need</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">more</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">than</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bin</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">number.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">[Yunfei]=20
This is what I worry about. We cannot assure that each time we can request =

<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">chunks=20
in groups of powers of 2, as it's dependent</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">on=20
what the serving peers have, which <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">is=20
hard to ensure that the number of available chunks being</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">powers=20
of 2.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">In=20
such cases, requsting <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">a=20
range of chunks needs no more bits than bin number. What's worse, if the ch=
unks=20
peer A has is <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">sparsely=20
distributed, i.e., the chunkmap is likely to be 10001011110, bin numbering =
needs=20
more bits.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">BTW,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">I</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">remember</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">that</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">in</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">last</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">interim</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">meeting,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">you</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">replied</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">that</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">mapping</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">between</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">binmap</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">and</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">range</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">expression</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">quite</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">easy.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Could</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">you</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">elaborate</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">this</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">mapping?</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Thanks.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Assuming</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">ranges</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">are</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">intervals</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">list</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">chunks</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">numbered</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">0...N:</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">for</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">given</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bin</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">number</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">"bin":<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">startrange</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">(bin</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&amp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">(bin</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">+</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1))/2<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">endrange</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">=3D</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">((bin</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">|</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">(bin</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">+</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1))</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">-</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1)/2<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">[Yunfei]=20
I need more time to reply on this:)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Note</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">that</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">binmap</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">novel</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">data</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">structure</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">to</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">efficiently</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">store</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bitmap,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">which</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">not</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">directly</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">related</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">to</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bin</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">numbers.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Regards,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Arno<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></BODY></HT=
ML>

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Date: Tue, 15 May 2012 10:56:56 +0800
From: zhangyunfei <zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com>
To: "Picconi Fabio" <Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com>,  "arno@cs.vu.nl" <arno@cs.vu.nl>
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<DIV>Same idea with Fabio.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<HR style=3D"WIDTH: 210px; HEIGHT: 1px" align=3Dleft color=3D#b5c4df SIZE=
=3D1>

<DIV><SPAN>zhangyunfei</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOT=
TOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt s=
olid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<DIV=20
style=3D"PADDING-BOTTOM: 8px; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 8px; BACKG=
ROUND: #efefef; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 8px">
<DIV><B>=B7=A2=BC=FE=C8=CB=A3=BA</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:Fabio.Picconi@=
technicolor.com">Picconi=20
Fabio</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>=B7=A2=CB=CD=CA=B1=BC=E4=A3=BA</B>&nbsp;2012-05-14&nbsp;23:52</DIV=
>
<DIV><B>=CA=D5=BC=FE=C8=CB=A3=BA</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl"=
>arno@cs.vu.nl</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>=B3=AD=CB=CD=A3=BA</B>&nbsp;<A=20
href=3D"mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com">zhangyunfei</A>; <A=20
href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>=D6=F7=CC=E2=A3=BA</B>&nbsp;RE: [ppsp] =BB=D8=B8=B4: Re:=BB=D8=B8=
=B4: Re: Proposal to resolve Issue 10 +=20
13</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>Here's&nbsp;a&nbsp;brief&nbsp;comparison:</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>[0-P]</DIV>
<DIV>Bins:&nbsp;1&nbsp;integer&nbsp;if&nbsp;power&nbsp;of&nbsp;2,&nbsp;mul=
tiple&nbsp;integers&nbsp;otherwise</DIV>
<DIV>Range&nbsp;list:&nbsp;always&nbsp;2&nbsp;integers</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>[P+1,P+W]&nbsp;worst&nbsp;case</DIV>
<DIV>Bins:&nbsp;W/2&nbsp;integers</DIV>
<DIV>Range&nbsp;list:&nbsp;W/2&nbsp;ranges,&nbsp;i.e.,&nbsp;W&nbsp;integer=
s</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>[P+1,P+W]&nbsp;average&nbsp;case</DIV>
<DIV>Bins:&nbsp;?</DIV>
<DIV>Range&nbsp;list:&nbsp;?</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>[P+W+1,N]&nbsp;empty&nbsp;range</DIV>
<DIV>Bins:&nbsp;no&nbsp;integers</DIV>
<DIV>Range&nbsp;list:&nbsp;no&nbsp;integers</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Taking&nbsp;W=3D30&nbsp;seconds&nbsp;and&nbsp;3&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;per&=
nbsp;second,&nbsp;4&nbsp;bytes&nbsp;per&nbsp;integer,&nbsp;and&nbsp;1&nbsp=
;buffer&nbsp;map&nbsp;per&nbsp;second&nbsp;to&nbsp;10&nbsp;neighbors,&nbsp=
;range&nbsp;list&nbsp;requires&nbsp;~&nbsp;30&nbsp;kbps&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&n=
bsp;worst&nbsp;case&nbsp;vs.&nbsp;~&nbsp;15&nbsp;kbps&nbsp;for&nbsp;bins.&=
nbsp;For&nbsp;a&nbsp;1&nbsp;Mbps&nbsp;stream,&nbsp;that's&nbsp;a&nbsp;3%&n=
bsp;overhead&nbsp;instead&nbsp;of&nbsp;1.5%,&nbsp;which&nbsp;I&nbsp;don't&=
nbsp;think&nbsp;is&nbsp;that&nbsp;big&nbsp;a&nbsp;deal.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Now,&nbsp;two&nbsp;things:&nbsp;1)&nbsp;an&nbsp;optimized&nbsp;implem=
entation&nbsp;of&nbsp;range&nbsp;lists&nbsp;would&nbsp;encode&nbsp;single-=
element&nbsp;ranges&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;integer,&nbsp;so&nbs=
p;the&nbsp;overhead&nbsp;would&nbsp;be&nbsp;identical&nbsp;to&nbsp;that&nb=
sp;of&nbsp;bins&nbsp;(i.e.,&nbsp;1.5%);&nbsp;2)&nbsp;we're&nbsp;talking&nb=
sp;about&nbsp;the&nbsp;worst&nbsp;case&nbsp;which&nbsp;is&nbsp;extremely&n=
bsp;unlikely&nbsp;to&nbsp;happen...&nbsp;it&nbsp;would&nbsp;be&nbsp;intere=
sting&nbsp;to&nbsp;do&nbsp;the&nbsp;average&nbsp;case&nbsp;analysis&nbsp;f=
or&nbsp;the&nbsp;[P+1,P+W]&nbsp;interval.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Fabio</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;-----Original&nbsp;Message-----</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;From:&nbsp;Arno&nbsp;Bakker&nbsp;[mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl]</DI=
V>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;Sent:&nbsp;lundi&nbsp;14&nbsp;mai&nbsp;2012&nbsp;14:31</DIV=
>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;To:&nbsp;Picconi&nbsp;Fabio</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;Cc:&nbsp;zhangyunfei;&nbsp;ppsp</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;Subject:&nbsp;Re:&nbsp;[ppsp]&nbsp;=BB=D8=B8=B4:&nbsp;Re:=
=BB=D8=B8=B4:&nbsp;Re:&nbsp;Proposal&nbsp;to&nbsp;resolve&nbsp;Issue&nbsp;=
10&nbsp;+&nbsp;13</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;On&nbsp;14/05/2012&nbsp;13:17,&nbsp;Picconi&nbsp;Fabio&nbsp=
;wrote:</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Sorry&nbsp;about&nbsp;the&nbsp;late&nbsp;reply.&n=
bsp;I&nbsp;agree&nbsp;with&nbsp;Yunfei.&nbsp;As&nbsp;I&nbsp;mentioned</DIV=
>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;during</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;the&nbsp;Paris&nbsp;meeting,&nbsp;I&nbsp;think&nb=
sp;that&nbsp;most&nbsp;exchanged&nbsp;buffer&nbsp;map&nbsp;are&nbsp;likely=
</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;to&nbsp;look&nbsp;like&nbsp;this:&nbsp;1)&nbsp;a&=
nbsp;contiguous&nbsp;range&nbsp;[0-P]&nbsp;(the&nbsp;peer&nbsp;has&nbsp;al=
l</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;from&nbsp;0&nbsp;to&nbsp;P,&nbsp;wher=
e&nbsp;P&nbsp;is&nbsp;the&nbsp;playback&nbsp;position),&nbsp;a&nbsp;sparse=
ly</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;populated&nbsp;range&nbsp;[P+1,P+W]&nbsp;which&nb=
sp;corresponds&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;download&nbsp;window,</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;and&nbsp;an&nbsp;empty&nbsp;range&nbsp;[P+W+1,N].=
&nbsp;So&nbsp;I=A1=AFm&nbsp;not&nbsp;sure&nbsp;that&nbsp;bin&nbsp;numbers&=
nbsp;would</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;constitute&nbsp;a&nbsp;big&nbsp;improvement&nbsp;=
over&nbsp;using&nbsp;a&nbsp;list&nbsp;of&nbsp;ranges.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;Hi&nbsp;Fabio&nbsp;and&nbsp;all</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;can&nbsp;you&nbsp;clarify&nbsp;how&nbsp;you&nbsp;would&nbsp=
;express&nbsp;the&nbsp;above&nbsp;example&nbsp;in&nbsp;your</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;proposed&nbsp;numbering&nbsp;scheme,&nbsp;which&nbsp;is&nbs=
p;[start&nbsp;byte&nbsp;range,end&nbsp;byte&nbsp;range],</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;right?</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;In&nbsp;bin&nbsp;notation,&nbsp;there&nbsp;would&nbsp;be&nb=
sp;1&nbsp;or&nbsp;more&nbsp;bins&nbsp;to&nbsp;express&nbsp;[0-P]&nbsp;(mor=
e</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;than&nbsp;1&nbsp;is&nbsp;needed&nbsp;if&nbsp;P&nbsp;is&nbsp=
;not&nbsp;a&nbsp;power&nbsp;of&nbsp;2).&nbsp;For&nbsp;[P+1,P+W]&nbsp;there=
&nbsp;would</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;be,&nbsp;at&nbsp;worst&nbsp;case&nbsp;(=3D0101010101...)&nb=
sp;1&nbsp;bin&nbsp;per&nbsp;2&nbsp;chunks,&nbsp;so&nbsp;W/2&nbsp;bins.&nbs=
p;The</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;empty&nbsp;range&nbsp;would&nbsp;require&nbsp;no&nbsp;bins.=
&nbsp;As&nbsp;each&nbsp;bin&nbsp;requires&nbsp;1&nbsp;int,&nbsp;the&nbsp;o=
n-</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;the-wire&nbsp;costs&nbsp;of&nbsp;transmitting&nbsp;this&nbs=
p;chunk&nbsp;availability&nbsp;map&nbsp;are&nbsp;~&nbsp;W/2</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;integers.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;To&nbsp;summerized&nbsp;my&nbsp;position:&nbsp;bins&nbsp;ar=
e&nbsp;more&nbsp;efficient&nbsp;in&nbsp;common</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;situations,&nbsp;and&nbsp;lead&nbsp;to&nbsp;a&nbsp;clean&nb=
sp;protocol&nbsp;design&nbsp;when&nbsp;Merkle&nbsp;Hash&nbsp;trees</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;are&nbsp;used&nbsp;for&nbsp;content&nbsp;integrity&nbsp;pro=
tection,&nbsp;at&nbsp;the&nbsp;cost&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;small</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;increase&nbsp;in&nbsp;complexity.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;Regards,</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Arno</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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Date: Tue, 15 May 2012 11:01:37 +0800
From: zhangyunfei <zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com>
To: "Picconi Fabio" <Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com>, ppsp <ppsp@ietf.org>,  "Martin Stiemerling" <martin.stiemerling@neclab.eu>
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Subject: Re: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83
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<DIV>Hi Fabio,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Ticket #2 was what Martin proposed in Paris meetin=
g.=20
<SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #000080">Martin=
, Do you=20
still have concerns on this?</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #000080"></SPAN>&nbsp=
;</DIV>
<DIV><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #000080">BR</SPAN></D=
IV>
<DIV><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #000080">Yunfei</SPAN=
></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<HR style=3D"WIDTH: 210px; HEIGHT: 1px" align=3Dleft color=3D#b5c4df SIZE=
=3D1>

<DIV><SPAN>zhangyunfei</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
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style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOT=
TOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt s=
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ROUND: #efefef; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 8px">
<DIV><B>From:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com">Pi=
cconi=20
Fabio</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>Date:</B>&nbsp;2012-05-14&nbsp;20:04</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B>&nbsp;<A=20
href=3D"mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com">zhangyunfei</A>; <A=20
href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B>&nbsp;RE: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
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1pt">Hi,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Somme=20
comments:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Ticket=20
#1 (chunk addressing mechanism). See my email send today.<o:p></o:p></SPAN=
></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Ticket=20
#2. I can=1B$B!G=1B(Bt remember what this was about. :-)<o:p></o:p></SPAN>=
</P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Ticket=20
#3 (secure PEX): I think that we can stick to a simple PEX mechanism that =
can be=20
augmented by an optional secure algorithm. In addition to the solution pro=
posed=20
by Arno, there is a simple mechanism described by Jesi et al.=20
[1].<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Ticket=20
#4 (FIND use case). I don=1B$B!G=1B(Bt recall exactly the details of this =
issue. If it=1B$B!G=1B(Bs=20
only motivating a request to the tracker to find peers subject to attribut=
e=20
constraints, then finding peers with a similar upload capacity (to speed u=
p the=20
discovery phase) is already a good motivation.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Ticket=20
#5 (additional messages). I think the proponents of these messages should=20
describe the use cases where these messages can be useful.<o:p></o:p></SPA=
N></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Fabio<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">[1]=20
G.P. Jesi, A. Montresor, and M. van Steen. Secure Peer Sampling. In Comput=
er=20
Networks, 2010.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: blue 1.5pt solid; PADDIN=
G-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium n=
one; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 0cm">
<DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOT=
TOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt s=
olid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN>=
</B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">=20
ppsp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ppsp-bounces@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of=20
</B>zhangyunfei<BR><B>Sent:</B> jeudi 3 mai 2012 10:13<BR><B>To:</B>=20
ppsp<BR><B>Subject:</B> [ppsp] tickets for IETF=20
83<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Hi all,</SPAN>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;=20
I&nbsp;have&nbsp;summarized&nbsp;an&nbsp;initial&nbsp;tickets&nbsp;list&nb=
sp;for&nbsp;IETF&nbsp;83&nbsp;meeting.=20
Please review it and actions on these tickets are expected. Thanks.</SPAN>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SPA=
N><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">BR</SPAN><SPAN=
=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Yunfei=20
&amp;Stefano</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">--------------=
--------------------------------------------------------------------------=
-------------------</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Peer=20
protocol:</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: red">Ticket #1</SPAN>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!'=1B(B=
</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Post and discu=
ss the=20
alternative proposal besides MHT in peer protocol (Proposal 10+13), list=20
intervals (Tradeoff among complexity / overhead / efficiency / implementat=
ion)=20
and check gaps. [Martin</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!$=1B(B=
</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black"> Yunfei, Fabio=
,=20
Lichun]</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">This ticket is=
 partly=20
solved. Simple nature number addressing and ranged expression on chunk=20
availability. The analysis and comparison is ongoing.&nbsp;I'd suggest to =
have a=20
deadline for the resolution&nbsp;time after discussing with Stefano, i.e.,=
=20
&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: re=
d">May=20
26th </SPAN><SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: bla=
ck">from=20
now on to make the decision in the WG level.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SPA=
N><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: red">Ticket #2</SPAN>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!'=1B(B=
</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Discuss the po=
ssible=20
</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!H=1B(B</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9.5=
pt">"state-building&nbsp;attacks"</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black"> attack on=20
peers.[Martin](related Proposal 26)</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Martin, Do you=
 still=20
have concerns on this? If nobody shows up, we propose to </SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: red">close this=20
ticket.</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SPA=
N><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: red">Ticket #3:</SPAN=
><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black"> Discuss the=20
Membership certificates impact on the tracker</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: =
black"=20
lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!G=1B(B</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">s=20
workload.[Fabio](related to Proposal 17+20)</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SPA=
N><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Tracker=20
protocol:</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: red">Ticket#4:</SPAN>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black"> Specify the F=
IND use=20
case and reduce the overhead to the tracker.[Martin,Yunfei</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!$=1B(B=
</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Fabio</SPAN><S=
PAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!$=1B(B=
</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Richardo]</SPA=
N><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: red">Ticket#5:</SPAN>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black"> Discuss concr=
ete use=20
cases of additional messages if there are(e.g.,reconnect and rejoin) , and=
=20
conclude the basic messages and optional ones in tracker protocol. [Mark,=20
Fabio]</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">&nbsp;We=20
propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;tracker&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;authors&nbsp;to&n=
bsp;address&nbsp;their&nbsp;tickets&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;splitting&nbsp;o=
f&nbsp;their&nbsp;proposal:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">.&nbsp;base&nbsp;spec<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">.&nbsp;additional&nbsp;options.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SPA=
N><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Survey</SPAN><=
SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10.5p=
t">Ticket#6</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">:=20
Call for reviewers for survey draft, and maybe P2P streaming providers=1B$=
B!G=1B(B=20
contribution on updating the draft.&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: =
10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: =
10.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: =
10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: =
10.5pt">
<HR style=3D"WIDTH: 157.5pt; COLOR: #b5c4df" align=3Dleft SIZE=3D1 width=
=3D210 noShade>
</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: =
10.5pt">zhangyunfei<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></B=
ODY></HTML>

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Date: Tue, 15 May 2012 11:10:36 +0800
From: zhangyunfei <zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com>
To: "Picconi Fabio" <Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com>, ppsp <ppsp@ietf.org>,  "'Rui Cruz'" <rui.cruz@ieee.org>,  "Yingjie Gu(yingjie)" <guyingjie@huawei.com>
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<DIV>Hi Rui and Yingjie,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Would you please confirm the ticket #4&nbsp;for Pa=
ris=20
meeting?</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For ticket #5, I am fine with Fabio's=20
proposal.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>BR</DIV>
<DIV>Yunfei</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<HR style=3D"WIDTH: 210px; HEIGHT: 1px" align=3Dleft color=3D#b5c4df SIZE=
=3D1>

<DIV><SPAN>zhangyunfei</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
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style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOT=
TOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt s=
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ROUND: #efefef; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 8px">
<DIV><B>From:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com">Pi=
cconi=20
Fabio</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>Date:</B>&nbsp;2012-05-14&nbsp;20:04</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B>&nbsp;<A=20
href=3D"mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com">zhangyunfei</A>; <A=20
href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B>&nbsp;RE: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
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<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Hi,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Somme=20
comments:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Ticket=20
#1 (chunk addressing mechanism). See my email send today.<o:p></o:p></SPAN=
></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Ticket=20
#2. I can=1B$B!G=1B(Bt remember what this was about. :-)<o:p></o:p></SPAN>=
</P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Ticket=20
#3 (secure PEX): I think that we can stick to a simple PEX mechanism that =
can be=20
augmented by an optional secure algorithm. In addition to the solution pro=
posed=20
by Arno, there is a simple mechanism described by Jesi et al.=20
[1].<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Ticket=20
#4 (FIND use case). I don=1B$B!G=1B(Bt recall exactly the details of this =
issue. If it=1B$B!G=1B(Bs=20
only motivating a request to the tracker to find peers subject to attribut=
e=20
constraints, then finding peers with a similar upload capacity (to speed u=
p the=20
discovery phase) is already a good motivation.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Ticket=20
#5 (additional messages). I think the proponents of these messages should=20
describe the use cases where these messages can be useful.<o:p></o:p></SPA=
N></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">Fabio<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt">[1]=20
G.P. Jesi, A. Montresor, and M. van Steen. Secure Peer Sampling. In Comput=
er=20
Networks, 2010.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 1=
1pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: blue 1.5pt solid; PADDIN=
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<DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOT=
TOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt s=
olid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN>=
</B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">=20
ppsp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ppsp-bounces@ietf.org] <B>On Behalf Of=20
</B>zhangyunfei<BR><B>Sent:</B> jeudi 3 mai 2012 10:13<BR><B>To:</B>=20
ppsp<BR><B>Subject:</B> [ppsp] tickets for IETF=20
83<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Hi all,</SPAN>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;&n=
bsp;=20
I&nbsp;have&nbsp;summarized&nbsp;an&nbsp;initial&nbsp;tickets&nbsp;list&nb=
sp;for&nbsp;IETF&nbsp;83&nbsp;meeting.=20
Please review it and actions on these tickets are expected. Thanks.</SPAN>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SPA=
N><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">BR</SPAN><SPAN=
=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Yunfei=20
&amp;Stefano</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">--------------=
--------------------------------------------------------------------------=
-------------------</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Peer=20
protocol:</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: red">Ticket #1</SPAN>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!'=1B(B=
</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Post and discu=
ss the=20
alternative proposal besides MHT in peer protocol (Proposal 10+13), list=20
intervals (Tradeoff among complexity / overhead / efficiency / implementat=
ion)=20
and check gaps. [Martin</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!$=1B(B=
</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black"> Yunfei, Fabio=
,=20
Lichun]</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">This ticket is=
 partly=20
solved. Simple nature number addressing and ranged expression on chunk=20
availability. The analysis and comparison is ongoing.&nbsp;I'd suggest to =
have a=20
deadline for the resolution&nbsp;time after discussing with Stefano, i.e.,=
=20
&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: re=
d">May=20
26th </SPAN><SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: bla=
ck">from=20
now on to make the decision in the WG level.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SPA=
N><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: red">Ticket #2</SPAN>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!'=1B(B=
</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Discuss the po=
ssible=20
</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!H=1B(B</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9.5=
pt">"state-building&nbsp;attacks"</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black"> attack on=20
peers.[Martin](related Proposal 26)</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Martin, Do you=
 still=20
have concerns on this? If nobody shows up, we propose to </SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: red">close this=20
ticket.</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SPA=
N><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: red">Ticket #3:</SPAN=
><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black"> Discuss the=20
Membership certificates impact on the tracker</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: =
black"=20
lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!G=1B(B</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">s=20
workload.[Fabio](related to Proposal 17+20)</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SPA=
N><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Tracker=20
protocol:</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: red">Ticket#4:</SPAN>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black"> Specify the F=
IND use=20
case and reduce the overhead to the tracker.[Martin,Yunfei</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!$=1B(B=
</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Fabio</SPAN><S=
PAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!$=1B(B=
</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Richardo]</SPA=
N><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: red">Ticket#5:</SPAN>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black"> Discuss concr=
ete use=20
cases of additional messages if there are(e.g.,reconnect and rejoin) , and=
=20
conclude the basic messages and optional ones in tracker protocol. [Mark,=20
Fabio]</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">&nbsp;We=20
propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;tracker&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;authors&nbsp;to&n=
bsp;address&nbsp;their&nbsp;tickets&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;splitting&nbsp;o=
f&nbsp;their&nbsp;proposal:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">.&nbsp;base&nbsp;spec<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">.&nbsp;additional&nbsp;options.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SPA=
N><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black">Survey</SPAN><=
SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10.5p=
t">Ticket#6</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.=
5pt">:=20
Call for reviewers for survey draft, and maybe P2P streaming providers=1B$=
B!G=1B(B=20
contribution on updating the draft.&nbsp; </SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: =
10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: =
10.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: =
10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: =
10.5pt">
<HR style=3D"WIDTH: 157.5pt; COLOR: #b5c4df" align=3Dleft SIZE=3D1 width=
=3D210 noShade>
</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: =
10.5pt">zhangyunfei<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></B=
ODY></HTML>

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Date: Tue, 15 May 2012 11:13:32 +0800
From: zhangyunfei <zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com>
To: "arno@cs.vu.nl" <arno@cs.vu.nl>, ppsp <ppsp@ietf.org>,  "Picconi Fabio" <Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com>
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Subject: Re: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83
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<DIV>Hi Arno=A3=AC</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp; I guess Fabio's concern is mainly on the extra burden=20
evaluation on the tracker by the security mechanism in PEX.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<HR style=3D"WIDTH: 210px; HEIGHT: 1px" align=3Dleft color=3D#b5c4df SIZE=
=3D1>

<DIV><SPAN>zhangyunfei</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOT=
TOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt s=
olid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<DIV=20
style=3D"PADDING-BOTTOM: 8px; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 8px; BACKG=
ROUND: #efefef; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 8px">
<DIV><B>From:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl">Arno Bakker</A></D=
IV>
<DIV><B>Date:</B>&nbsp;2012-05-14&nbsp;20:37</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp@ietf.org</A></D=
IV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B>&nbsp;Re: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>Hi&nbsp;Fabio&nbsp;and&nbsp;all</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>On&nbsp;14/05/2012&nbsp;14:04,&nbsp;Picconi&nbsp;Fabio&nbsp;wrote:</D=
IV>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;Ticket&nbsp;#3&nbsp;(secure&nbsp;PEX):&nbsp;I&nbsp;think&nb=
sp;that&nbsp;we&nbsp;can&nbsp;stick&nbsp;to&nbsp;a&nbsp;simple&nbsp;PEX</D=
IV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;mechanism&nbsp;that&nbsp;can&nbsp;be&nbsp;augmented&nbsp;by=
&nbsp;an&nbsp;optional&nbsp;secure&nbsp;algorithm.&nbsp;In</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;addition&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;solution&nbsp;proposed&nbsp;=
by&nbsp;Arno,&nbsp;there&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;simple&nbsp;mechanism</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;described&nbsp;by&nbsp;Jesi&nbsp;et&nbsp;al.&nbsp;[1].</DIV=
>
<DIV>&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>IMHO,&nbsp;leaving&nbsp;PEX&nbsp;unsecured&nbsp;will&nbsp;get&nbsp;us=
&nbsp;comments&nbsp;from&nbsp;the&nbsp;IESG.&nbsp;My&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>proposal&nbsp;is&nbsp;actually&nbsp;compatible&nbsp;with&nbsp;Jesi,&n=
bsp;Montresor,&nbsp;van&nbsp;Steen&nbsp;(Maarten&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>van&nbsp;Steen&nbsp;is&nbsp;my&nbsp;boss).&nbsp;My&nbsp;membership&nb=
sp;certificates&nbsp;correspond&nbsp;to&nbsp;their&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>signed&nbsp;node&nbsp;descriptors.&nbsp;This&nbsp;mechanism&nbsp;alon=
e&nbsp;will&nbsp;prevent&nbsp;the&nbsp;addresses&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>of&nbsp;innocent&nbsp;hosts&nbsp;being&nbsp;spread.&nbsp;I&nbsp;add&n=
bsp;some&nbsp;extra&nbsp;security&nbsp;by&nbsp;exploiting&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>the&nbsp;central&nbsp;tracker.&nbsp;They&nbsp;go&nbsp;fully&nbsp;dece=
ntralized&nbsp;by&nbsp;probing&nbsp;the&nbsp;graph&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>for&nbsp;malicious&nbsp;structures.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>CU,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Arno</DIV>
<DIV>_______________________________________________</DIV>
<DIV>ppsp&nbsp;mailing&nbsp;list</DIV>
<DIV>ppsp@ietf.org</DIV>
<DIV>https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ppsp</DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML>

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Subject: Re: [ppsp] Proposal to resolve Issue 10 + 13
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Hi Fabio and all

On 14/05/2012 17:52, Picconi Fabio wrote:
> 
> Taking W=30 seconds and 3 chunks per second, 4 bytes per integer, and
> 1 buffer map per second to 10 neighbors, range list requires ~ 30
> kbps in the worst case vs. ~ 15 kbps for bins. For a 1 Mbps stream,
> that's a 3% overhead instead of 1.5%, which I don't think is that big
> a deal.
> 

IMHO, the calculation should be somewhat different. It now assumes we
send the complete 30 second map every second. I'd say it is more likely
that we download at approx. the bitrate so we have only 1 seconds worth
of updates to the map to send. I.e. 3 chunks in your example. This means
less overhead.

With UDP as a transport, chunk size is preferably 1K to keep the impact
of the loss of a single IP packet low (on Ethernet). Then 3 chunks per
second should be 100 chunks per second for 1 Mbps, implying we send
either 800 bytes (2 ints per range) or 400 bytes (1 bin) as overhead,
worst case. For 10 neighbours this means 64 and 32 kbps, or 6% and 3%
respectively.


> Now, two things: 1) an optimized implementation of range lists would
> encode single-element ranges with a single integer, so the overhead
> would be identical to that of bins (i.e., 1.5%); 2) we're talking
> about the worst case which is extremely unlikely to happen... it
> would be interesting to do the average case analysis for the
> [P+1,P+W] interval.
> 

As argued before, I assume data will be requested in blocks of chunks,
in particular on UDP with 1K chunks, which are a power of 2, e.g. 32K.
We can align these requests on power-2 boundaries such that we need just
1 bin to address them. With ranges we always need 2 ints, as we're
denoting a block of chunks.

With this block assumption, in the worst case, an update is (100K/block
size) ranges. So e.g. 3 ranges for 32 K, taking either 2 or 1 int to
encode, and thus implying 2 kbps and 1 kbps for 10 neighbours, or 0.2
and 0.1% overhead. Less for larger block sizes.

In conclusion, if we send map updates instead of the full map, the
absolute overhead of pushing chunk availability is low. Relative
overhead can still be 100% and bins give a prettier one-unit design ;o)

CU,
     Arno

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Hi,

On Ticket #4: The FIND use case can perfectly be seen as Fabio =
described, i.e., "to find peers subject to attribute constraints" in =
order to speed up discovery, i.e., may be used in special situations =
only, therefore, the overhead to the tracker can be considered minimal.

On Ticket #5: The tracker protocol proposal is being split in a base =
specification and extensions. We do not see the need for "additional =
messages e.g.,reconnect and rejoin)" as this type of "action" is =
perfectly solved with the already proposed messages.  This is the case =
of the new semantic for the CONNECT message with implicit JOINs which =
behaves as a re-CONNECT with re-JOINs.

We would appreciate an advise from the chairs on splitting the tracker =
protocol proposal in a base specification and extensions. Should it be =
done with two different draft documents or with a single document where =
the extensions are clearly separate to an Annex??

Regards,

Rui Cruz
rui.cruz@ieee.org

IST/INESC-ID/INOV - Lisbon, Portugal
__________________________________________
ppsp mailing list
ppsp@ietf.org
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ppsp

On 15/05/2012, at 04:10, zhangyunfei wrote:

> Hi Rui and Yingjie,
>     Would you please confirm the ticket #4 for Paris meeting?
>      For ticket #5, I am fine with Fabio's proposal.
> =20
> BR
> Yunfei
> =20
> zhangyunfei
> =20
> From: Picconi Fabio
> Date: 2012-05-14 20:04
> To: zhangyunfei; ppsp
> Subject: RE: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83
> Hi,
> Somme comments:
> Ticket #1 (chunk addressing mechanism). See my email send today.
> Ticket #2. I can=1B$B!G=1B(Bt remember what this was about. :-)
> Ticket #3 (secure PEX): I think that we can stick to a simple PEX =
mechanism that can be augmented by an optional secure algorithm. In =
addition to the solution proposed by Arno, there is a simple mechanism =
described by Jesi et al. [1].
> Ticket #4 (FIND use case). I don=1B$B!G=1B(Bt recall exactly the =
details of this issue. If it=1B$B!G=1B(Bs only motivating a request to =
the tracker to find peers subject to attribute constraints, then finding =
peers with a similar upload capacity (to speed up the discovery phase) =
is already a good motivation.
> Ticket #5 (additional messages). I think the proponents of these =
messages should describe the use cases where these messages can be =
useful.
> Cheers,
> Fabio
> [1] G.P. Jesi, A. Montresor, and M. van Steen. Secure Peer Sampling. =
In Computer Networks, 2010.
> =20
> From: ppsp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ppsp-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf =
Of zhangyunfei
> Sent: jeudi 3 mai 2012 10:13
> To: ppsp
> Subject: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83
> =20
> Hi all,
>     I have summarized an initial tickets list for IETF 83 meeting. =
Please review it and actions on these tickets are expected. Thanks.
> =20
> BR
> Yunfei &Stefano
> =
--------------------------------------------------------------------------=
---------------------------------
> Peer protocol:
> Ticket #1=1B$B!'=1B(BPost and discuss the alternative proposal besides =
MHT in peer protocol (Proposal 10+13), list intervals (Tradeoff among =
complexity / overhead / efficiency / implementation) and check gaps. =
[Martin=1B$B!$=1B(BYunfei, Fabio, Lichun]
> This ticket is partly solved. Simple nature number addressing and =
ranged expression on chunk availability. The analysis and comparison is =
ongoing. I'd suggest to have a deadline for the resolution time after =
discussing with Stefano, i.e.,  May 26th from now on to make the =
decision in the WG level.
> =20
> Ticket #2=1B$B!'=1B(BDiscuss the possible =1B$B!H=1B(B"state-building =
attacks" attack on peers.[Martin](related Proposal 26)
> Martin, Do you still have concerns on this? If nobody shows up, we =
propose to close this ticket.
> =20
> Ticket #3: Discuss the Membership certificates impact on the =
tracker=1B$B!G=1B(Bs workload.[Fabio](related to Proposal 17+20)
> =20
> Tracker protocol:
> Ticket#4: Specify the FIND use case and reduce the overhead to the =
tracker.[Martin,Yunfei=1B$B!$=1B(BFabio=1B$B!$=1B(BRichardo]
> Ticket#5: Discuss concrete use cases of additional messages if there =
are(e.g.,reconnect and rejoin) , and conclude the basic messages and =
optional ones in tracker protocol. [Mark, Fabio]
>  We propose to the tracker protocol authors to address their tickets =
with a splitting of their proposal:
> . base spec
> . additional options.
> =20
> Survey
> Ticket#6: Call for reviewers for survey draft, and maybe P2P streaming =
providers=1B$B!G=1B(B contribution on updating the draft.  =20
> =20
> zhangyunfei
> _______________________________________________
> ppsp mailing list
> ppsp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ppsp


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<html><head><base href=3D"x-msg://970/"></head><body style=3D"word-wrap: =
break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: =
after-white-space; ">Hi,<div><br></div><div>On <b>Ticket #4:</b> The =
FIND use case can perfectly be seen as Fabio described, i.e., "<span =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"color: rgb(31, 73, 125); =
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; font-size: 15px; ">to find peers =
subject to attribute constraints</span>" in order to speed up discovery, =
i.e., may be used in special situations only, therefore, the overhead to =
the tracker can be considered minimal.</div><div><br></div><div>On =
<b>Ticket #5:</b> The tracker protocol proposal is being split in a =
<b>base specification</b> and <b>extensions</b>. We do not see the need =
for "<span class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif; font-size: 16px; ">additional messages e.g.,reconnect and =
rejoin)</span>" as this type of "action" is perfectly solved with the =
already proposed messages. &nbsp;This is the case of the new semantic =
for the CONNECT message with implicit JOINs which behaves as a =
re-CONNECT with re-JOINs.</div><div><br></div><div>We would appreciate =
an advise from the chairs on splitting the tracker protocol =
proposal&nbsp;in a&nbsp;<b>base =
specification</b>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<b>extensions.</b>&nbsp;Should it be =
done with two different draft documents or with a single document where =
the extensions are clearly separate to an Annex??</div><div><div =
apple-content-edited=3D"true">
<span class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"border-collapse: separate; =
color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; =
font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; =
line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: =
0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: =
0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: medium; "><div><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#1555cb"><br =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline">Regards,</font></div><div><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#1555cb"><br></font></div><div><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#1555cb">Rui =
Cruz</font></div><div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#1555cb"><a =
href=3D"mailto:rui.cruz@ieee.org">rui.cruz@ieee.org</a></font></div><div><=
font class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#1555cb"><br></font></div><div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#1555cb">IST/INESC-ID/INOV - Lisbon, =
Portugal</font></div><div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#1555cb">__________________________________________</font></div><=
div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#1555cb">ppsp mailing =
list</font></div><div><font class=3D"Apple-style-span" =
color=3D"#1555cb"><a =
href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp@ietf.org</a></font></div><div><font =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" color=3D"#1555cb"><a =
href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ppsp">https://www.ietf.org/m=
ailman/listinfo/ppsp</a></font></div></span>
</div>

<br><div><div>On 15/05/2012, at 04:10, zhangyunfei wrote:</div><br =
class=3D"Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type=3D"cite"><span =
class=3D"Apple-style-span" style=3D"border-collapse: separate; =
font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; =
font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; =
orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: =
none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; =
-webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: =
0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: =
auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; font-size: medium; "><div =
lang=3D"EN-US" link=3D"blue" vlink=3D"purple" style=3D"margin-top: 10px; =
margin-right: 10px; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 10px; "><div>Hi =
Rui and Yingjie,</div><div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Would you please confirm =
the ticket #4&nbsp;for Paris meeting?</div><div>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
For ticket #5, I am fine with Fabio's =
proposal.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>BR</div><div>Yunfei</div><div>&nbsp;<=
/div><hr align=3D"left" color=3D"#b5c4df" size=3D"1" style=3D"width: =
210px; height: 1px; =
"><div><span>zhangyunfei</span></div><div>&nbsp;</div><div =
style=3D"border-bottom-width: medium; border-bottom-style: none; =
border-bottom-color: initial; border-left-width: medium; =
border-left-style: none; border-left-color: initial; padding-bottom: =
0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; border-top-color: rgb(181, =
196, 223); border-top-width: 1pt; border-top-style: solid; =
border-right-width: medium; border-right-style: none; =
border-right-color: initial; padding-top: 3pt; "><div =
style=3D"padding-bottom: 8px; padding-left: 8px; padding-right: 8px; =
background-image: initial; background-attachment: initial; =
background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: =
rgb(239, 239, 239); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-size: 12px; padding-top: =
8px; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial =
initial; "><div><b>From:</b>&nbsp;<a =
href=3D"mailto:Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com" style=3D"color: blue; =
text-decoration: underline; ">Picconi =
Fabio</a></div><div><b>Date:</b>&nbsp;2012-05-14&nbsp;20:04</div><div><b>T=
o:</b>&nbsp;<a href=3D"mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com" style=3D"color:=
 blue; text-decoration: underline; ">zhangyunfei</a>;<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a =
href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org" style=3D"color: blue; text-decoration: =
underline; ">ppsp</a></div><div><b>Subject:</b>&nbsp;RE: [ppsp] tickets =
for IETF 83</div></div></div><div><div =
class=3D"FoxDiv20120515110911361620"><div class=3D"WordSection1" =
style=3D"page: WordSection1; "><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 7.5pt; font-family: =
SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt; =
">Hi,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 7.5pt; font-family: =
SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt; ">Somme =
comments:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 7.5pt; font-family: =
SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt; ">Ticket #1 (chunk =
addressing mechanism). See my email send =
today.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 7.5pt; font-family: =
SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt; ">Ticket #2. I =
can=1B$B!G=1B(Bt remember what this was about. =
:-)<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 7.5pt; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt; ">Ticket #3 (secure PEX): I =
think that we can stick to a simple PEX mechanism that can be augmented =
by an optional secure algorithm. In addition to the solution proposed by =
Arno, there is a simple mechanism described by Jesi et al. =
[1].<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 7.5pt; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt; ">Ticket #4 (FIND use case). I =
don=1B$B!G=1B(Bt recall exactly the details of this issue. If =
it=1B$B!G=1B(Bs only motivating a request to the tracker to find peers =
subject to attribute constraints, then finding peers with a similar =
upload capacity (to speed up the discovery phase) is already a good =
motivation.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 7.5pt; font-family: =
SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt; ">Ticket #5 =
(additional messages). I think the proponents of these messages should =
describe the use cases where these messages can be =
useful.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 7.5pt; font-family: =
SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt; =
">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 7.5pt; font-family: =
SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt; =
">Fabio<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 7.5pt; font-family: =
SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt; ">[1] G.P. Jesi, =
A. Montresor, and M. van Steen. Secure Peer Sampling. In Computer =
Networks, 2010.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 7.5pt; font-family: =
SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); font-size: 11pt; =
"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></div><div style=3D"border-bottom-width: =
medium; border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-color: initial; =
border-left-color: blue; border-left-width: 1.5pt; border-left-style: =
solid; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 4pt; padding-right: 0cm; =
border-top-width: medium; border-top-style: none; border-top-color: =
initial; border-right-width: medium; border-right-style: none; =
border-right-color: initial; padding-top: 0cm; position: static; =
z-index: auto; "><div><div style=3D"border-bottom-width: medium; =
border-bottom-style: none; border-bottom-color: initial; =
border-left-width: medium; border-left-style: none; border-left-color: =
initial; padding-bottom: 0cm; padding-left: 0cm; padding-right: 0cm; =
border-top-color: rgb(181, 196, 223); border-top-width: 1pt; =
border-top-style: solid; border-right-width: medium; border-right-style: =
none; border-right-color: initial; padding-top: 3pt; "><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; =
margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; =
"><b><span style=3D"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt; =
">From:</span></b><span style=3D"font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif; =
font-size: 10pt; "><span class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><a =
href=3D"mailto:ppsp-bounces@ietf.org">ppsp-bounces@ietf.org</a> =
[mailto:ppsp-bounces@ietf.org]<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span><b>On Behalf Of<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></b>zhangyunfei<br><b>Sent:</=
b><span class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>jeudi 3 mai 2012 =
10:13<br><b>To:</b><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>ppsp<br><b>Subject:</b><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>[ppsp] tickets for IETF =
83<o:p></o:p></span></div></div></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 7.5pt; font-family: =
SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></div><div><div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; =
margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span =
style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black; ">Hi =
all,</span><span style=3D"color: black; "><o:p></o:p></span></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; =
margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span =
style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black; =
">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; =
I&nbsp;have&nbsp;summarized&nbsp;an&nbsp;initial&nbsp;tickets&nbsp;list&nb=
sp;for&nbsp;IETF&nbsp;83&nbsp;meeting. Please review it and actions on =
these tickets are expected. Thanks.</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; =
color: black; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: black; ">BR</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: black; ">Yunfei &amp;Stefano</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: black; =
">------------------------------------------------------------------------=
-----------------------------------</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: black; ">Peer protocol:</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: red; ">Ticket #1</span><span lang=3D"ZH-CN" style=3D"font-family: =
'MS Mincho'; color: black; ">=1B$B!'=1B(B</span><span =
style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black; ">Post and =
discuss the alternative proposal besides MHT in peer protocol (Proposal =
10+13), list intervals (Tradeoff among complexity / overhead / =
efficiency / implementation) and check gaps. [Martin</span><span =
lang=3D"ZH-CN" style=3D"font-family: 'MS Mincho'; color: black; =
">=1B$B!$=1B(B</span><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: black; ">Yunfei, Fabio, Lichun]</span><span style=3D"color: =
black; "><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; =
margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: =
SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif; color: black; ">This ticket is partly solved. Simple nature =
number addressing and ranged expression on chunk availability. The =
analysis and comparison is ongoing.&nbsp;I'd suggest to have a deadline =
for the resolution&nbsp;time after discussing with Stefano, i.e., =
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: =
red; ">May 26th<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></span><span =
style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black; ">from now on =
to make the decision in the WG level.<o:p></o:p></span></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; =
margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span =
style=3D"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; =
">&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: red; ">Ticket #2</span><span lang=3D"ZH-CN" style=3D"font-family: =
'MS Mincho'; color: black; ">=1B$B!'=1B(B</span><span =
style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black; ">Discuss the =
possible<span class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></span><span =
lang=3D"ZH-CN" style=3D"color: black; ">=1B$B!H=1B(B</span><span =
style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black; font-size: =
9.5pt; ">"state-building&nbsp;attacks"</span><span style=3D"font-family: =
Calibri, sans-serif; color: black; "><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>attack on =
peers.[Martin](related Proposal 26)</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: black; ">Martin, Do you still have concerns on this? If nobody =
shows up, we propose to<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></span><span =
style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: red; ">close this =
ticket.</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; =
color: black; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: red; ">Ticket #3:</span><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif; color: black; "><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>Discuss the Membership =
certificates impact on the tracker</span><span lang=3D"ZH-CN" =
style=3D"color: black; ">=1B$B!G=1B(B</span><span style=3D"font-family: =
Calibri, sans-serif; color: black; ">s workload.[Fabio](related to =
Proposal 17+20)</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; =
color: black; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: black; ">Tracker protocol:</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: red; ">Ticket#4:</span><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif; color: black; "><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>Specify the FIND use case =
and reduce the overhead to the tracker.[Martin,Yunfei</span><span =
lang=3D"ZH-CN" style=3D"font-family: 'MS Mincho'; color: black; =
">=1B$B!$=1B(B</span><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: black; ">Fabio</span><span lang=3D"ZH-CN" style=3D"font-family: =
'MS Mincho'; color: black; ">=1B$B!$=1B(B</span><span =
style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black; =
">Richardo]</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: red; ">Ticket#5:</span><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, =
sans-serif; color: black; "><span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span>Discuss concrete use cases =
of additional messages if there are(e.g.,reconnect and rejoin) , and =
conclude the basic messages and optional ones in tracker protocol. =
[Mark, Fabio]</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: black; font-size: 10.5pt; ">&nbsp;We =
propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;tracker&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;authors&nbsp;to&n=
bsp;address&nbsp;their&nbsp;tickets&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;splitting&nbsp;o=
f&nbsp;their&nbsp;proposal:<o:p></o:p></span></div><div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; =
margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span =
style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black; font-size: =
10.5pt; ">.&nbsp;base&nbsp;spec<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; =
margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span =
style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black; font-size: =
10.5pt; =
">.&nbsp;additional&nbsp;options.<o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div =
style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; =
margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span =
style=3D"font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; =
">&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: black; ">Survey</span><span style=3D"color: black; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: =
0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; =
color: red; font-size: 10.5pt; ">Ticket#6</span><span =
style=3D"font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: black; font-size: =
10.5pt; ">: Call for reviewers for survey draft, and maybe P2P streaming =
providers=1B$B!G=1B(B contribution on updating the draft.&nbsp;<span =
class=3D"Apple-converted-space">&nbsp;</span></span><span style=3D"color: =
black; ">&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', =
serif; color: black; font-size: 10.5pt; =
"><o:p></o:p></span></div></div></div><div><div style=3D"margin-top: =
0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; =
font-family: SimSun, serif; font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family:=
 'Times New Roman', serif; color: black; font-size: 10.5pt; =
">&nbsp;</span><span style=3D"font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', serif; =
color: black; font-size: 10.5pt; "><o:p></o:p></span></div></div><div =
class=3D"MsoNormal" style=3D"font-family: SimSun, serif; margin-left: =
0cm; font-size: 12pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin-bottom: =
0pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', serif; color: =
black; font-size: 10.5pt; "><hr align=3D"left" size=3D"1" width=3D"210" =
noshade=3D"" style=3D"width: 157.5pt; color: rgb(181, 196, 223); =
"></span></div><div><div style=3D"margin-top: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; =
margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-left: 0cm; font-family: SimSun, serif; =
font-size: 12pt; "><span style=3D"font-family: 'Microsoft YaHei', serif; =
color: black; font-size: 10.5pt; =
">zhangyunfei<o:p></o:p></span></div></div></div></div></div></div>_______=
________________________________________<br>ppsp mailing list<br><a =
href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp@ietf.org</a><br>https://www.ietf.org/ma=
ilman/listinfo/ppsp</div></span></blockquote></div><br></div></body></html=
>=

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From: Picconi Fabio <Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com>
To: zhangyunfei <zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com>, "arno@cs.vu.nl" <arno@cs.vu.nl>, ppsp <ppsp@ietf.org>
Date: Tue, 15 May 2012 14:45:38 +0200
Thread-Topic: Re: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83
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Indeed, I don=1B$B!G=1B(Bt think we should impose a security mechanism on t=
he base protocol. There are existing systems that perform PEX without any s=
ecurity. Even the BitTorrent tracker allows you to spoof somebody and regis=
ter them in the swarm.
There can be deployments where a secured PEX is not necessary (e.g., within=
 a company).
In my view secure PEX can be left as an option.
Fabio

From: zhangyunfei [mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com]
Sent: mardi 15 mai 2012 05:14
To: arno@cs.vu.nl; ppsp; Picconi Fabio
Subject: Re: Re: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83

Hi Arno=1B$B!$=1B(B
   I guess Fabio's concern is mainly on the extra burden evaluation on the =
tracker by the security mechanism in PEX.

________________________________
zhangyunfei

From: Arno Bakker<mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl>
Date: 2012-05-14 20:37
To: ppsp@ietf.org<mailto:ppsp@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83
Hi Fabio and all

On 14/05/2012 14:04, Picconi Fabio wrote:
>
> Ticket #3 (secure PEX): I think that we can stick to a simple PEX
> mechanism that can be augmented by an optional secure algorithm. In
> addition to the solution proposed by Arno, there is a simple mechanism
> described by Jesi et al. [1].
>

IMHO, leaving PEX unsecured will get us comments from the IESG. My
proposal is actually compatible with Jesi, Montresor, van Steen (Maarten
van Steen is my boss). My membership certificates correspond to their
signed node descriptors. This mechanism alone will prevent the addresses
of innocent hosts being spread. I add some extra security by exploiting
the central tracker. They go fully decentralized by probing the graph
for malicious structures.

CU,
     Arno
_______________________________________________
ppsp mailing list
ppsp@ietf.org<mailto:ppsp@ietf.org>
https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ppsp

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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=3DEN-US link=3Dblue vli=
nk=3Dpurple style=3D'margin-left:7.5pt;margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:7.5pt;=
margin-bottom:7.5pt'><div class=3DWordSection1><p class=3DMsoNormal><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>=
Indeed, I don=1B$B!G=1B(Jt think we should impose a security mechanism on t=
he base protocol. There are existing systems that perform PEX without any s=
ecurity. Even the BitTorrent tracker allows you to spoof somebody and regis=
ter them in the swarm.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>The=
re can be deployments where a secured PEX is not necessary (e.g., within a =
company).<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>In my view secur=
e PEX can be left as an option.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><=
span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F=
497D'>Fabio<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;</o=
:p></span></p><div style=3D'border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;paddin=
g:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><div><div style=3D'border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4D=
F 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm=
;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><b><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tah=
oma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-fam=
ily:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> zhangyunfei [mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com=
] <br><b>Sent:</b> mardi 15 mai 2012 05:14<br><b>To:</b> arno@cs.vu.nl; pps=
p; Picconi Fabio<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: Re: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83<o:p>=
</o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p><div=
><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Hi =
Arno<span lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!$=1B(J</span><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div>=
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'> I guess Fabio's concern is mainly on the extra burde=
n evaluation on the tracker by the security mechanism in PEX.<o:p></o:p></s=
pan></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.=
0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","seri=
f";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mi=
crosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div class=
=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><hr size=3D1=
 width=3D210 style=3D'width:157.5pt' noshade style=3D'color:#B5C4DF' align=
=3Dleft></span></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>zhangyunfei<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=
=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div style=3D'border:none;border-top:so=
lid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal=
 style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:#EFEFEF'><b><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:black'>Fr=
om:</span></b><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",=
"serif";color:black'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-famil=
y:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:black'><a href=3D"mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl">A=
rno Bakker</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><=1B(Jp class=3DMsoNormal st=
yle=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:#EFEFEF'><b><span style=
=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:black'>Date=
:</span></b><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","s=
erif";color:black'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:=
"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:black'>2012-05-14</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color=
:black'>20:37<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D=
'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:#EFEFEF'><b><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:black'>To:</span><=
/b><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";col=
or:black'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsof=
t YaHei","serif";color:black'><a href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp@ietf.or=
g</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:=
0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:#EFEFEF'><b><span style=3D'font-size:9=
.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:black'>Subject:</span></b>=
<span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:=
black'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Y=
aHei","serif";color:black'>Re: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;ma=
rgin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft=
 YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Hi</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Fabio</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft=
 YaHei","serif";color:navy'>and</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>all<o:p></=
o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman=
","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div>=
<p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>On</=
span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";=
color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micro=
soft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>14/05/2012</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'=
>14:04,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"=
,"serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fami=
ly:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Picconi</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color=
:navy'>Fabio</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p><=
/div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:=
navy'>&gt;<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=
=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>Ticket</span><=1B(Jspan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>#3</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>(secure</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>PEX):</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'=
>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"=
,"serif";color:navy'>I</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"T=
imes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>think</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>that</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>we</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&=
nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'>can</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"T=
imes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>stick</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>to</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"T=
imes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>a</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>simple</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"T=
imes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>PEX<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.00=
01pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif"=
;color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times =
New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>mechanism</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&=
nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'>that</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>can</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&=
nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'>be</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Ti=
mes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>augmented</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:nav=
y'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHe=
i","serif";color:navy'>by</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>an</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>optional</span><=1B(Jspan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'=
font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>secure</=
span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";=
color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micro=
soft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>algorithm.</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'=
>In<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0c=
m;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micro=
soft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;=
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>addi=
tion</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","s=
erif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>to</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>t=
he</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","ser=
if";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"M=
icrosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>solution</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:nav=
y'>proposed</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Ro=
man","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>by</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:=
navy'>Arno,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Ro=
man","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>there</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>is</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Ro=
man","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>a</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:n=
avy'>simple</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Ro=
man","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>mechanism<o:p></o:p></span></p=
></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>described</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>by</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times=
 New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Jesi</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>et</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times=
 New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>al.</span><=1B(Jspan st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&=
nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'>[1].<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNorma=
l style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;<o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></=
span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:=
.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","ser=
if";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"M=
icrosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p cla=
ss=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>IMHO,</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";col=
or:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsof=
t YaHei","serif";color:navy'>leaving</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;=
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>PEX<=
/span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"=
;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micr=
osoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>unsecured</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'=
>will</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","=
serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>get</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'=
>us</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","se=
rif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>comments</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:na=
vy'>from</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman=
","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:na=
vy'>IESG.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roma=
n","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>My</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:na=
vy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0=
cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micr=
osoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>proposal</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>=
is</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","ser=
if";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"M=
icrosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>actually</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:nav=
y'>compatible</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New =
Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>with</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</sp=
an><=1B(Jspan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","seri=
f";color:navy'>Jesi,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Montresor,</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:nav=
y'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHe=
i","serif";color:navy'>van</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Steen</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:na=
vy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaH=
ei","serif";color:navy'>(Maarten</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:=
p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bot=
tom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>van</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Steen</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'=
>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"=
,"serif";color:navy'>is</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>my</span><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&n=
bsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","s=
erif";color:navy'>boss).</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>My</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&=
nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'>membership</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>certificates=
</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif=
";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mic=
rosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>correspond</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:nav=
y'>to</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","=
serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>their</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:nav=
y'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0c=
m;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micro=
soft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>signed</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>nod=
e</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","seri=
f";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mi=
crosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>descriptors.</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:=
navy'>This</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Rom=
an","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><=1B(Jspan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;f=
ont-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>mechanism</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nb=
sp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","se=
rif";color:navy'>alone</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"T=
imes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>will</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&=
nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'>prevent</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy=
'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>addresses</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p=
></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bott=
om:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'>of</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Ti=
mes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>innocent</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy=
'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>hosts</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fami=
ly:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>being</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:n=
avy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Ya=
Hei","serif";color:navy'>spread.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>I</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:=
navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Y=
aHei","serif";color:navy'>add</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>some</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:=
navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Y=
aHei","serif";color:navy'>extra</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>security</=
span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";=
color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micro=
soft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>by</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fo=
nt-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>exploit=
ing</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","se=
rif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p cl=
ass=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft=
 YaHei","serif";color:navy'>central</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;f=
ont-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><=1B(Jspan st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>t=
racker.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"=
,"serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fami=
ly:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>They</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:na=
vy'>go</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",=
"serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>fully</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:na=
vy'>decentralized</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times =
New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>by</span><span style=3D'=
font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</=
span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";=
color:navy'>probing</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>graph</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Ti=
mes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></=
p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt=
'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>for</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>malicious</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>structures.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoN=
ormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'=
><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;=
margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microso=
ft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>CU,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=
=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;&nbsp;=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micro=
soft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Arno<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p cla=
ss=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>__________=
_____________________________________<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p cl=
ass=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>ppsp</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";col=
or:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsof=
t YaHei","serif";color:navy'>mailing</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;=
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>list=
<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;m=
argin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsof=
t YaHei","serif";color:navy'><a href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp@ietf.org=
</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><=1B(Jp class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'mar=
gin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><a href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailm=
an/listinfo/ppsp">https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ppsp</a><o:p></o:p>=
</span></p></div></div></div></div></body></html>=

--_000_320C4182454E96478DC039F2C481987204EB26E73AMOPESMBX01eut_--

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From: Picconi Fabio <Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com>
To: "arno@cs.vu.nl" <arno@cs.vu.nl>
Date: Tue, 15 May 2012 15:04:36 +0200
Thread-Topic: Proposal to resolve Issue 10 + 13
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Cc: ppsp <ppsp@ietf.org>
Subject: Re: [ppsp] Proposal to resolve Issue 10 + 13
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I'm not sure I follow you.

First, I assumed three chunks per second because there is a paper that sugg=
ests that this is a good value [1]. But the actual chunk rate does not chan=
ge the calculation (more chunks per seconds means both more bins and more r=
anges).

Second, if you use ranges, sending an update to inform the reception of an =
entire 32K block (i.e., 32 1K chunks) takes two integers with range lists, =
or one integer using bins. If you have three blocks per second, that means =
6 integers per second per neighbor, instead of 3 integers per second per ne=
ighbor. In both cases the overhead is negligible.

In the absence of an average case analysis (i.e., where the buffer contains=
 lots of holes) showing that bins are better than range lists, and given th=
e negligible overhead of both solutions in the worst and best case, I would=
 go for the simpler solution, i.e., range lists.

Fabio

[1] Size Does Matter (in P2P Live Streaming). N. Hegde, F. Mathieu and D. P=
erino. In Algotel'09 and also Inria Technical report #7032, 2009.




> -----Original Message-----
> From: Arno Bakker [mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl]
> Sent: mardi 15 mai 2012 09:55
> To: Picconi Fabio
> Cc: zhangyunfei; ppsp
> Subject: Re: Proposal to resolve Issue 10 + 13
>=20
> Hi Fabio and all
>=20
> On 14/05/2012 17:52, Picconi Fabio wrote:
> >
> > Taking W=3D30 seconds and 3 chunks per second, 4 bytes per integer, and
> > 1 buffer map per second to 10 neighbors, range list requires ~ 30
> kbps
> > in the worst case vs. ~ 15 kbps for bins. For a 1 Mbps stream, that's
> > a 3% overhead instead of 1.5%, which I don't think is that big a
> deal.
> >
>=20
> IMHO, the calculation should be somewhat different. It now assumes we
> send the complete 30 second map every second. I'd say it is more likely
> that we download at approx. the bitrate so we have only 1 seconds worth
> of updates to the map to send. I.e. 3 chunks in your example. This
> means less overhead.
>=20
> With UDP as a transport, chunk size is preferably 1K to keep the impact
> of the loss of a single IP packet low (on Ethernet). Then 3 chunks per
> second should be 100 chunks per second for 1 Mbps, implying we send
> either 800 bytes (2 ints per range) or 400 bytes (1 bin) as overhead,
> worst case. For 10 neighbours this means 64 and 32 kbps, or 6% and 3%
> respectively.
>=20
>=20
> > Now, two things: 1) an optimized implementation of range lists would
> > encode single-element ranges with a single integer, so the overhead
> > would be identical to that of bins (i.e., 1.5%); 2) we're talking
> > about the worst case which is extremely unlikely to happen... it
> would
> > be interesting to do the average case analysis for the [P+1,P+W]
> > interval.
> >
>=20
> As argued before, I assume data will be requested in blocks of chunks,
> in particular on UDP with 1K chunks, which are a power of 2, e.g. 32K.
> We can align these requests on power-2 boundaries such that we need
> just
> 1 bin to address them. With ranges we always need 2 ints, as we're
> denoting a block of chunks.
>=20
> With this block assumption, in the worst case, an update is (100K/block
> size) ranges. So e.g. 3 ranges for 32 K, taking either 2 or 1 int to
> encode, and thus implying 2 kbps and 1 kbps for 10 neighbours, or 0.2
> and 0.1% overhead. Less for larger block sizes.
>=20
> In conclusion, if we send map updates instead of the full map, the
> absolute overhead of pushing chunk availability is low. Relative
> overhead can still be 100% and bins give a prettier one-unit design ;o)
>=20
> CU,
>      Arno

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<BODY style=3D"MARGIN: 10px">
<DIV>Thanks Rui for the clarification. I would suggest to sperate the base=
=20
specification&nbsp;and the extensions with two different drafts for two=20
reasons:</DIV>
<DIV>1) It would be much easier to get consensus on the base draft since=20
its&nbsp;scope is highly limited. In this way the progress will be earlier=
 to=20
achieve.</DIV>
<DIV>2)&nbsp;We&nbsp;see many similar operations in IETF drafts practices =
which=20
may be proved to be an efficient way in IETF circle.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>BR</DIV>
<DIV>Yunfei&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<HR style=3D"WIDTH: 210px; HEIGHT: 1px" align=3Dleft color=3D#b5c4df SIZE=
=3D1>

<DIV><SPAN>zhangyunfei</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOT=
TOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt s=
olid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<DIV=20
style=3D"PADDING-BOTTOM: 8px; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 8px; BACKG=
ROUND: #efefef; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 8px">
<DIV><B>From:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:rui.cruz@ieee.org">Rui Cruz</A></=
DIV>
<DIV><B>Date:</B>&nbsp;2012-05-15&nbsp;18:59</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>CC:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:rui.cruz@ieee.org">Rui Cruz</A>; <A=
=20
href=3D"mailto:Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com">Picconi Fabio</A>; <A=20
href=3D"mailto:guyingjie@huawei.com">Yingjie Gu(yingjie)</A>; <A=20
href=3D"mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com">zhangyunfei=20
(zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com)</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B>&nbsp;Re: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV class=3DFoxDiv20120516093649499572><BASE href=3D"x-msg://970/">Hi,
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>On <B>Ticket #4:</B> The FIND use case can perfectly be seen as Fabio=
=20
described, i.e., "<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-SIZ=
E: 15px"=20
class=3DApple-style-span>to find peers subject to attribute constraints</S=
PAN>" in=20
order to speed up discovery, i.e., may be used in special situations only,=
=20
therefore, the overhead to the tracker can be considered minimal.</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>On <B>Ticket #5:</B> The tracker protocol proposal is being split in =
a=20
<B>base specification</B> and <B>extensions</B>. We do not see the need fo=
r=20
"<SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 16px"=20
class=3DApple-style-span>additional messages e.g.,reconnect and rejoin)</S=
PAN>" as=20
this type of "action" is perfectly solved with the already proposed messag=
es.=20
&nbsp;This is the case of the new semantic for the CONNECT message with im=
plicit=20
JOINs which behaves as a re-CONNECT with re-JOINs.</DIV>
<DIV><BR></DIV>
<DIV>We would appreciate an advise from the chairs on splitting the tracke=
r=20
protocol proposal&nbsp;in a&nbsp;<B>base=20
specification</B>&nbsp;and&nbsp;<B>extensions.</B>&nbsp;Should it be done =
with=20
two different draft documents or with a single document where the extensio=
ns are=20
clearly separate to an Annex??</DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV apple-content-edited=3D"true"><SPAN=20
style=3D"WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; BORDER-COLLAPS=
E: separate; FONT: medium Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; LETT=
ER-SPACING: normal; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-border-h=
orizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text=
-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text=
-stroke-width: 0px"=20
class=3DApple-style-span>
<DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span color=3D#1555cb><BR=20
class=3DApple-interchange-newline>Regards,</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span color=3D#1555cb><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span color=3D#1555cb>Rui Cruz</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span color=3D#1555cb><A=20
href=3D"mailto:rui.cruz@ieee.org">rui.cruz@ieee.org</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span color=3D#1555cb><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span color=3D#1555cb>IST/INESC-ID/INOV - Li=
sbon,=20
Portugal</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span=20
color=3D#1555cb>__________________________________________</FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span color=3D#1555cb>ppsp mailing list</FON=
T></DIV>
<DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span color=3D#1555cb><A=20
href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp@ietf.org</A></FONT></DIV>
<DIV><FONT class=3DApple-style-span color=3D#1555cb><A=20
href=3D"https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ppsp">https://www.ietf.org/m=
ailman/listinfo/ppsp</A></FONT></DIV></SPAN></DIV><BR>
<DIV>
<DIV>On 15/05/2012, at 04:10, zhangyunfei wrote:</DIV><BR=20
class=3DApple-interchange-newline>
<BLOCKQUOTE type=3D"cite"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"WIDOWS: 2; TEXT-TRANSFORM: none; TEXT-INDENT: 0px; BORDER-COLLA=
PSE: separate; FONT: medium Helvetica; WHITE-SPACE: normal; ORPHANS: 2; LE=
TTER-SPACING: normal; WORD-SPACING: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing=
: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-e=
ffect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0p=
x"=20
  class=3DApple-style-span>
  <DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 10px" lang=3DEN-US vlink=3D"purple" link=3D"blue">
  <DIV>Hi Rui and Yingjie,</DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Would you please confirm the ticket #4&nbsp;for =
Paris=20
  meeting?</DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; For ticket #5, I am fine with Fabio's=20
  proposal.</DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV>BR</DIV>
  <DIV>Yunfei</DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <HR style=3D"WIDTH: 210px; HEIGHT: 1px" align=3Dleft color=3D#b5c4df SIZ=
E=3D1>

  <DIV><SPAN>zhangyunfei</SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-B=
OTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: rgb(181,196=
,223) 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"PADDING-BOTTOM: 8px; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(239,239,239); PADDIN=
G-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 8px; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0); FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDI=
NG-TOP: 8px; background-origin: initial; background-clip: initial">
  <DIV><B>From:</B>&nbsp;<A style=3D"COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underli=
ne"=20
  href=3D"mailto:Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com">Picconi Fabio</A></DIV>
  <DIV><B>Date:</B>&nbsp;2012-05-14&nbsp;20:04</DIV>
  <DIV><B>To:</B>&nbsp;<A style=3D"COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline=
"=20
  href=3D"mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com">zhangyunfei</A>;<SPAN=20
  class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN><A=20
  style=3D"COLOR: blue; TEXT-DECORATION: underline"=20
  href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp</A></DIV>
  <DIV><B>Subject:</B>&nbsp;RE: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83</DIV></DIV></DI=
V>
  <DIV>
  <DIV class=3DFoxDiv20120515110911361620>
  <DIV style=3D"page: WordSection1" class=3DWordSection1>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZ=
E: 12pt"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-S=
IZE: 11pt">Hi,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZ=
E: 12pt"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-S=
IZE: 11pt">Somme=20
  comments:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZ=
E: 12pt"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-S=
IZE: 11pt">Ticket=20
  #1 (chunk addressing mechanism). See my email send=20
  today.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZ=
E: 12pt"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-S=
IZE: 11pt">Ticket=20
  #2. I can=1B$B!G=1B(Bt remember what this was about. :-)<o:p></o:p></SPA=
N></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZ=
E: 12pt"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-S=
IZE: 11pt">Ticket=20
  #3 (secure PEX): I think that we can stick to a simple PEX mechanism tha=
t can=20
  be augmented by an optional secure algorithm. In addition to the solutio=
n=20
  proposed by Arno, there is a simple mechanism described by Jesi et al.=20
  [1].<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZ=
E: 12pt"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-S=
IZE: 11pt">Ticket=20
  #4 (FIND use case). I don=1B$B!G=1B(Bt recall exactly the details of thi=
s issue. If it=1B$B!G=1B(Bs=20
  only motivating a request to the tracker to find peers subject to attrib=
ute=20
  constraints, then finding peers with a similar upload capacity (to speed=
 up=20
  the discovery phase) is already a good motivation.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DI=
V>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZ=
E: 12pt"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-S=
IZE: 11pt">Ticket=20
  #5 (additional messages). I think the proponents of these messages shoul=
d=20
  describe the use cases where these messages can be=20
  useful.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZ=
E: 12pt"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-S=
IZE: 11pt">Cheers,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZ=
E: 12pt"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-S=
IZE: 11pt">Fabio<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZ=
E: 12pt"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-S=
IZE: 11pt">[1]=20
  G.P. Jesi, A. Montresor, and M. van Steen. Secure Peer Sampling. In Comp=
uter=20
  Networks, 2010.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZ=
E: 12pt"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: rgb(31,73,125); FONT-S=
IZE: 11pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"Z-INDEX: auto; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; POSITION: static; BO=
RDER-LEFT: blue 1.5pt solid; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 4pt; PADDI=
NG-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: medium none; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING=
-TOP: 0cm">
  <DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-B=
OTTOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: rgb(181,196=
,223) 1pt solid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><B><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN><=
/B><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Tahoma, sans-serif; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"><SPAN=20
  class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN><A=20
  href=3D"mailto:ppsp-bounces@ietf.org">ppsp-bounces@ietf.org</A>=20
  [mailto:ppsp-bounces@ietf.org]<SPAN=20
  class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN><B>On Behalf Of<SPAN=20
  class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN></B>zhangyunfei<BR><B>Sent:</=
B><SPAN=20
  class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN>jeudi 3 mai 2012=20
  10:13<BR><B>To:</B><SPAN=20
  class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN>ppsp<BR><B>Subject:</B><SPAN=20
  class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN>[ppsp] tickets for IETF=20
  83<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 7.5pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZ=
E: 12pt"><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">Hi all,</SPAN><=
SPAN=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nb=
sp;=20
  I&nbsp;have&nbsp;summarized&nbsp;an&nbsp;initial&nbsp;tickets&nbsp;list&=
nbsp;for&nbsp;IETF&nbsp;83&nbsp;meeting.=20
  Please review it and actions on these tickets are expected.=20
  Thanks.</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SP=
AN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">BR</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">Yunfei=20
  &amp;Stefano</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">---------------=
--------------------------------------------------------------------------=
------------------</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">Peer=20
  protocol:</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: red">Ticket #1</SPAN><=
SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!'=1B=
(B</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">Post and discus=
s the=20
  alternative proposal besides MHT in peer protocol (Proposal 10+13), list=
=20
  intervals (Tradeoff among complexity / overhead / efficiency / implement=
ation)=20
  and check gaps. [Martin</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!$=1B=
(B</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">Yunfei, Fabio,=20
  Lichun]</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">This ticket is =
partly=20
  solved. Simple nature number addressing and ranged expression on chunk=20
  availability. The analysis and comparison is ongoing.&nbsp;I'd suggest t=
o have=20
  a deadline for the resolution&nbsp;time after discussing with Stefano, i=
.e.,=20
  &nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: red=
">May=20
  26th<SPAN class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">from now on to =
make the=20
  decision in the WG level.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SP=
AN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: red">Ticket #2</SPAN><=
SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!'=1B=
(B</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">Discuss the=20
  possible<SPAN class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!H=1B(B</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9.5p=
t">"state-building&nbsp;attacks"</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black"><SPAN=20
  class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN>attack on peers.[Martin](rela=
ted=20
  Proposal 26)</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">Martin, Do you =
still=20
  have concerns on this? If nobody shows up, we propose to<SPAN=20
  class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: red">close this=20
  ticket.</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SP=
AN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: red">Ticket #3:</SPAN>=
<SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black"><SPAN=20
  class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN>Discuss the Membership certif=
icates=20
  impact on the tracker</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"=20
  lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!G=1B(B</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">s=20
  workload.[Fabio](related to Proposal 17+20)</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SP=
AN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">Tracker=20
  protocol:</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: red">Ticket#4:</SPAN><=
SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black"><SPAN=20
  class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN>Specify the FIND use case and=
 reduce=20
  the overhead to the tracker.[Martin,Yunfei</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!$=1B=
(B</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">Fabio</SPAN><SP=
AN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'MS Mincho'; COLOR: black" lang=3DZH-CN>=1B$B!$=1B=
(B</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">Richardo]</SPAN=
><SPAN=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: red">Ticket#5:</SPAN><=
SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black"><SPAN=20
  class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN>Discuss concrete use cases of=
=20
  additional messages if there are(e.g.,reconnect and rejoin) , and conclu=
de the=20
  basic messages and optional ones in tracker protocol. [Mark,=20
  Fabio]</SPAN><SPAN style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5=
pt">&nbsp;We=20
  propose&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;tracker&nbsp;protocol&nbsp;authors&nbsp;to=
&nbsp;address&nbsp;their&nbsp;tickets&nbsp;with&nbsp;a&nbsp;splitting&nbsp=
;of&nbsp;their&nbsp;proposal:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5=
pt">.&nbsp;base&nbsp;spec<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5=
pt">.&nbsp;additional&nbsp;options.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SP=
AN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black">Survey</SPAN><S=
PAN=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: red; FONT-SIZE: 10.5pt=
">Ticket#6</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: Calibri, sans-serif; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 10.5=
pt">:=20
  Call for reviewers for survey draft, and maybe P2P streaming providers=
=1B$B!G=1B(B=20
  contribution on updating the draft.&nbsp;<SPAN=20
  class=3DApple-converted-space>&nbsp;</SPAN></SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"COLOR: black">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei', serif; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE:=
 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman', serif; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE:=
 10.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei', serif; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE:=
 10.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV></DIV>
  <DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE=
: 12pt"=20
  class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei', serif; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE:=
 10.5pt">
  <HR style=3D"WIDTH: 157.5pt; COLOR: rgb(181,196,223)" align=3Dleft SIZE=
=3D1=20
  width=3D210 noShade>
  </SPAN></DIV>
  <DIV>
  <DIV=20
  style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; FONT-FAMILY: SimSun, serif; FONT-SIZE: 12p=
t"><SPAN=20
  style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei', serif; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE:=
 10.5pt">zhangyunfei<o:p></o:p></SPAN></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV>=
_______________________________________________<BR>ppsp=20
  mailing list<BR><A=20
  href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp@ietf.org</A><BR>https://www.ietf.org/=
mailman/listinfo/ppsp</DIV></SPAN></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV><BR></DIV></DIV></DIV=
></BODY></HTML>

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To: "Picconi Fabio" <Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com>,  "arno@cs.vu.nl" <arno@cs.vu.nl>
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Subject: Re: [ppsp] Proposal to resolve Issue 10 + 13
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<DIV>Hi Fabio, Arno and all,</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; I&nbsp;have a thought on how to discuss the=20
average case. Please discuss to see if it works.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; We may find in some measurement work to see =
the=20
distribution of the chunks in the buffer (maybe in different phase, there =
are=20
different distributions, e.g., the beginning, the normal play,&nbsp;after=20
dragging, but I am not sure). In this case, the problem Fabio proposed is =
solved=20
and we can get an analysis of the two schemes.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>BR</DIV>
<DIV>Yunfei</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<HR style=3D"WIDTH: 210px; HEIGHT: 1px" align=3Dleft color=3D#b5c4df SIZE=
=3D1>

<DIV><SPAN>zhangyunfei</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOT=
TOM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt s=
olid; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
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style=3D"PADDING-BOTTOM: 8px; PADDING-LEFT: 8px; PADDING-RIGHT: 8px; BACKG=
ROUND: #efefef; COLOR: #000000; FONT-SIZE: 12px; PADDING-TOP: 8px">
<DIV><B>From:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com">Pi=
cconi=20
Fabio</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>Date:</B>&nbsp;2012-05-15&nbsp;21:04</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl">arno@cs.vu.nl</A></D=
IV>
<DIV><B>CC:</B>&nbsp;<A=20
href=3D"mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com">zhangyunfei</A>; <A=20
href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B>&nbsp;RE: Proposal to resolve Issue 10 +=20
13</DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>I'm&nbsp;not&nbsp;sure&nbsp;I&nbsp;follow&nbsp;you.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>First,&nbsp;I&nbsp;assumed&nbsp;three&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;per&nbsp;secon=
d&nbsp;because&nbsp;there&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;paper&nbsp;that&nbsp;suggest=
s&nbsp;that&nbsp;this&nbsp;is&nbsp;a&nbsp;good&nbsp;value&nbsp;[1].&nbsp;B=
ut&nbsp;the&nbsp;actual&nbsp;chunk&nbsp;rate&nbsp;does&nbsp;not&nbsp;chang=
e&nbsp;the&nbsp;calculation&nbsp;(more&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;per&nbsp;seconds&n=
bsp;means&nbsp;both&nbsp;more&nbsp;bins&nbsp;and&nbsp;more&nbsp;ranges).</=
DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Second,&nbsp;if&nbsp;you&nbsp;use&nbsp;ranges,&nbsp;sending&nbsp;an&n=
bsp;update&nbsp;to&nbsp;inform&nbsp;the&nbsp;reception&nbsp;of&nbsp;an&nbs=
p;entire&nbsp;32K&nbsp;block&nbsp;(i.e.,&nbsp;32&nbsp;1K&nbsp;chunks)&nbsp=
;takes&nbsp;two&nbsp;integers&nbsp;with&nbsp;range&nbsp;lists,&nbsp;or&nbs=
p;one&nbsp;integer&nbsp;using&nbsp;bins.&nbsp;If&nbsp;you&nbsp;have&nbsp;t=
hree&nbsp;blocks&nbsp;per&nbsp;second,&nbsp;that&nbsp;means&nbsp;6&nbsp;in=
tegers&nbsp;per&nbsp;second&nbsp;per&nbsp;neighbor,&nbsp;instead&nbsp;of&n=
bsp;3&nbsp;integers&nbsp;per&nbsp;second&nbsp;per&nbsp;neighbor.&nbsp;In&n=
bsp;both&nbsp;cases&nbsp;the&nbsp;overhead&nbsp;is&nbsp;negligible.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>In&nbsp;the&nbsp;absence&nbsp;of&nbsp;an&nbsp;average&nbsp;case&nbsp;=
analysis&nbsp;(i.e.,&nbsp;where&nbsp;the&nbsp;buffer&nbsp;contains&nbsp;lo=
ts&nbsp;of&nbsp;holes)&nbsp;showing&nbsp;that&nbsp;bins&nbsp;are&nbsp;bett=
er&nbsp;than&nbsp;range&nbsp;lists,&nbsp;and&nbsp;given&nbsp;the&nbsp;negl=
igible&nbsp;overhead&nbsp;of&nbsp;both&nbsp;solutions&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbs=
p;worst&nbsp;and&nbsp;best&nbsp;case,&nbsp;I&nbsp;would&nbsp;go&nbsp;for&n=
bsp;the&nbsp;simpler&nbsp;solution,&nbsp;i.e.,&nbsp;range&nbsp;lists.</DIV=
>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>Fabio</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>[1]&nbsp;Size&nbsp;Does&nbsp;Matter&nbsp;(in&nbsp;P2P&nbsp;Live&nbsp;=
Streaming).&nbsp;N.&nbsp;Hegde,&nbsp;F.&nbsp;Mathieu&nbsp;and&nbsp;D.&nbsp=
;Perino.&nbsp;In&nbsp;Algotel'09&nbsp;and&nbsp;also&nbsp;Inria&nbsp;Techni=
cal&nbsp;report&nbsp;#7032,&nbsp;2009.</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;-----Original&nbsp;Message-----</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;From:&nbsp;Arno&nbsp;Bakker&nbsp;[mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl]</DI=
V>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;Sent:&nbsp;mardi&nbsp;15&nbsp;mai&nbsp;2012&nbsp;09:55</DIV=
>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;To:&nbsp;Picconi&nbsp;Fabio</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;Cc:&nbsp;zhangyunfei;&nbsp;ppsp</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;Subject:&nbsp;Re:&nbsp;Proposal&nbsp;to&nbsp;resolve&nbsp;I=
ssue&nbsp;10&nbsp;+&nbsp;13</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;Hi&nbsp;Fabio&nbsp;and&nbsp;all</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;On&nbsp;14/05/2012&nbsp;17:52,&nbsp;Picconi&nbsp;Fabio&nbsp=
;wrote:</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Taking&nbsp;W=3D30&nbsp;seconds&nbsp;and&nbsp;3&n=
bsp;chunks&nbsp;per&nbsp;second,&nbsp;4&nbsp;bytes&nbsp;per&nbsp;integer,&=
nbsp;and</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;1&nbsp;buffer&nbsp;map&nbsp;per&nbsp;second&nbsp;=
to&nbsp;10&nbsp;neighbors,&nbsp;range&nbsp;list&nbsp;requires&nbsp;~&nbsp;=
30</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;kbps</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;in&nbsp;the&nbsp;worst&nbsp;case&nbsp;vs.&nbsp;~&=
nbsp;15&nbsp;kbps&nbsp;for&nbsp;bins.&nbsp;For&nbsp;a&nbsp;1&nbsp;Mbps&nbs=
p;stream,&nbsp;that's</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;a&nbsp;3%&nbsp;overhead&nbsp;instead&nbsp;of&nbsp=
;1.5%,&nbsp;which&nbsp;I&nbsp;don't&nbsp;think&nbsp;is&nbsp;that&nbsp;big&=
nbsp;a</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;deal.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;IMHO,&nbsp;the&nbsp;calculation&nbsp;should&nbsp;be&nbsp;so=
mewhat&nbsp;different.&nbsp;It&nbsp;now&nbsp;assumes&nbsp;we</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;send&nbsp;the&nbsp;complete&nbsp;30&nbsp;second&nbsp;map&nb=
sp;every&nbsp;second.&nbsp;I'd&nbsp;say&nbsp;it&nbsp;is&nbsp;more&nbsp;lik=
ely</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;that&nbsp;we&nbsp;download&nbsp;at&nbsp;approx.&nbsp;the&nb=
sp;bitrate&nbsp;so&nbsp;we&nbsp;have&nbsp;only&nbsp;1&nbsp;seconds&nbsp;wo=
rth</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;of&nbsp;updates&nbsp;to&nbsp;the&nbsp;map&nbsp;to&nbsp;send=
.&nbsp;I.e.&nbsp;3&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;in&nbsp;your&nbsp;example.&nbsp;This</=
DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;means&nbsp;less&nbsp;overhead.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;With&nbsp;UDP&nbsp;as&nbsp;a&nbsp;transport,&nbsp;chunk&nbs=
p;size&nbsp;is&nbsp;preferably&nbsp;1K&nbsp;to&nbsp;keep&nbsp;the&nbsp;imp=
act</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;loss&nbsp;of&nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;IP&nb=
sp;packet&nbsp;low&nbsp;(on&nbsp;Ethernet).&nbsp;Then&nbsp;3&nbsp;chunks&n=
bsp;per</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;second&nbsp;should&nbsp;be&nbsp;100&nbsp;chunks&nbsp;per&nb=
sp;second&nbsp;for&nbsp;1&nbsp;Mbps,&nbsp;implying&nbsp;we&nbsp;send</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;either&nbsp;800&nbsp;bytes&nbsp;(2&nbsp;ints&nbsp;per&nbsp;=
range)&nbsp;or&nbsp;400&nbsp;bytes&nbsp;(1&nbsp;bin)&nbsp;as&nbsp;overhead=
,</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;worst&nbsp;case.&nbsp;For&nbsp;10&nbsp;neighbours&nbsp;this=
&nbsp;means&nbsp;64&nbsp;and&nbsp;32&nbsp;kbps,&nbsp;or&nbsp;6%&nbsp;and&n=
bsp;3%</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;respectively.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;Now,&nbsp;two&nbsp;things:&nbsp;1)&nbsp;an&nbsp;o=
ptimized&nbsp;implementation&nbsp;of&nbsp;range&nbsp;lists&nbsp;would</DIV=
>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;encode&nbsp;single-element&nbsp;ranges&nbsp;with&=
nbsp;a&nbsp;single&nbsp;integer,&nbsp;so&nbsp;the&nbsp;overhead</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;would&nbsp;be&nbsp;identical&nbsp;to&nbsp;that&nb=
sp;of&nbsp;bins&nbsp;(i.e.,&nbsp;1.5%);&nbsp;2)&nbsp;we're&nbsp;talking</D=
IV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;about&nbsp;the&nbsp;worst&nbsp;case&nbsp;which&nb=
sp;is&nbsp;extremely&nbsp;unlikely&nbsp;to&nbsp;happen...&nbsp;it</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;would</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;be&nbsp;interesting&nbsp;to&nbsp;do&nbsp;the&nbsp=
;average&nbsp;case&nbsp;analysis&nbsp;for&nbsp;the&nbsp;[P+1,P+W]</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;&nbsp;interval.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&gt;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;As&nbsp;argued&nbsp;before,&nbsp;I&nbsp;assume&nbsp;data&nb=
sp;will&nbsp;be&nbsp;requested&nbsp;in&nbsp;blocks&nbsp;of&nbsp;chunks,</D=
IV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;in&nbsp;particular&nbsp;on&nbsp;UDP&nbsp;with&nbsp;1K&nbsp;=
chunks,&nbsp;which&nbsp;are&nbsp;a&nbsp;power&nbsp;of&nbsp;2,&nbsp;e.g.&nb=
sp;32K.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;We&nbsp;can&nbsp;align&nbsp;these&nbsp;requests&nbsp;on&nbs=
p;power-2&nbsp;boundaries&nbsp;such&nbsp;that&nbsp;we&nbsp;need</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;just</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;1&nbsp;bin&nbsp;to&nbsp;address&nbsp;them.&nbsp;With&nbsp;r=
anges&nbsp;we&nbsp;always&nbsp;need&nbsp;2&nbsp;ints,&nbsp;as&nbsp;we're</=
DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;denoting&nbsp;a&nbsp;block&nbsp;of&nbsp;chunks.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;With&nbsp;this&nbsp;block&nbsp;assumption,&nbsp;in&nbsp;the=
&nbsp;worst&nbsp;case,&nbsp;an&nbsp;update&nbsp;is&nbsp;(100K/block</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;size)&nbsp;ranges.&nbsp;So&nbsp;e.g.&nbsp;3&nbsp;ranges&nbs=
p;for&nbsp;32&nbsp;K,&nbsp;taking&nbsp;either&nbsp;2&nbsp;or&nbsp;1&nbsp;i=
nt&nbsp;to</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;encode,&nbsp;and&nbsp;thus&nbsp;implying&nbsp;2&nbsp;kbps&n=
bsp;and&nbsp;1&nbsp;kbps&nbsp;for&nbsp;10&nbsp;neighbours,&nbsp;or&nbsp;0.=
2</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;and&nbsp;0.1%&nbsp;overhead.&nbsp;Less&nbsp;for&nbsp;larger=
&nbsp;block&nbsp;sizes.</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;In&nbsp;conclusion,&nbsp;if&nbsp;we&nbsp;send&nbsp;map&nbsp=
;updates&nbsp;instead&nbsp;of&nbsp;the&nbsp;full&nbsp;map,&nbsp;the</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;absolute&nbsp;overhead&nbsp;of&nbsp;pushing&nbsp;chunk&nbsp=
;availability&nbsp;is&nbsp;low.&nbsp;Relative</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;overhead&nbsp;can&nbsp;still&nbsp;be&nbsp;100%&nbsp;and&nbs=
p;bins&nbsp;give&nbsp;a&nbsp;prettier&nbsp;one-unit&nbsp;design&nbsp;;o)</=
DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;CU,</DIV>
<DIV>&gt;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Arno</DIV></DIV></BODY></HTML=
>

------=_001_NextPart107758374237_=------


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On 15/05/2012 14:45, Picconi Fabio wrote:
> Indeed, I don$B!G(Bt think we should impose a security mechanism on the base 
> protocol. There are existing systems that perform PEX without any 
> security. Even the BitTorrent tracker allows you to spoof somebody and 
> register them in the swarm.
> 

Hi

I agree that one must be able to turn it off, but in public networks one
MUST either turn PEX off or use a secure version, IMHO. Hence, a
secure version must be in the spec. I propose to use the membership
certs which correspond to the signed descriptors from literature.
We should then discuss how certification of peers can be done.

BitTorrent wasn't designed by professionals,  and it appears its PEX
feature is currently being exploited by anti-piracy outfits to attack
the health of swarms ;o)
http://yro.slashdot.org/story/12/05/13/1928215/microsoft-funded-startup-aims-to-kill-bittorrent-traffic

CU,
    Arno

From Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com  Tue May 15 23:53:42 2012
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From: Picconi Fabio <Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com>
To: zhangyunfei <zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com>, "arno@cs.vu.nl" <arno@cs.vu.nl>
Date: Wed, 16 May 2012 08:53:00 +0200
Thread-Topic: RE:  Proposal to resolve Issue 10 + 13
Thread-Index: Ac0zBos6K0XNAN6QREKiE+K/Q2ECsgAKeKUg
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References: <OF97B14220.883D5968-ON482579DB.003454AD-482579DB.0035B23D@zte.com.cn> <2012041216393612240745@chinamobile.com>, <4F869775.6010007@cs.vu.nl> <2012041815001581776052@chinamobile.com>, 	<4F8E6DCE.90101@cs.vu.nl> <20120418183444961415101@chinamobile.com> <320C4182454E96478DC039F2C481987204EB1CD37A@MOPESMBX01.eu.thmulti.com> <4FB0FAEA.8010504@cs.vu.nl> <320C4182454E96478DC039F2C481987204EB26DD39@MOPESMBX01.eu.thmulti.com> <4FB20BD5.6010607@cs.vu.nl>, <320C4182454E96478DC039F2C481987204EB26E7D4@MOPESMBX01.eu.thmulti.com> <2012051609521522582017@chinamobile.com>
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Subject: Re: [ppsp] Proposal to resolve Issue 10 + 13
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Yes, a quick simulation would shed some light on the average case. Now we n=
eed to find the time to do it. :-)
Fabio

From: zhangyunfei [mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com]
Sent: mercredi 16 mai 2012 03:52
To: Picconi Fabio; arno@cs.vu.nl
Cc: ppsp
Subject: Re: RE: Proposal to resolve Issue 10 + 13

Hi Fabio, Arno and all,
     I have a thought on how to discuss the average case. Please discuss to=
 see if it works.
     We may find in some measurement work to see the distribution of the ch=
unks in the buffer (maybe in different phase, there are different distribut=
ions, e.g., the beginning, the normal play, after dragging, but I am not su=
re). In this case, the problem Fabio proposed is solved and we can get an a=
nalysis of the two schemes.

BR
Yunfei

________________________________
zhangyunfei

From: Picconi Fabio<mailto:Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com>
Date: 2012-05-15 21:04
To: arno@cs.vu.nl<mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl>
CC: zhangyunfei<mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com>; ppsp<mailto:ppsp@ietf.=
org>
Subject: RE: Proposal to resolve Issue 10 + 13
I'm not sure I follow you.

First, I assumed three chunks per second because there is a paper that sugg=
ests that this is a good value [1]. But the actual chunk rate does not chan=
ge the calculation (more chunks per seconds means both more bins and more r=
anges).

Second, if you use ranges, sending an update to inform the reception of an =
entire 32K block (i.e., 32 1K chunks) takes two integers with range lists, =
or one integer using bins. If you have three blocks per second, that means =
6 integers per second per neighbor, instead of 3 integers per second per ne=
ighbor. In both cases the overhead is negligible.

In the absence of an average case analysis (i.e., where the buffer contains=
 lots of holes) showing that bins are better than range lists, and given th=
e negligible overhead of both solutions in the worst and best case, I would=
 go for the simpler solution, i.e., range lists.

Fabio

[1] Size Does Matter (in P2P Live Streaming). N. Hegde, F. Mathieu and D. P=
erino. In Algotel'09 and also Inria Technical report #7032, 2009.




> -----Original Message-----
> From: Arno Bakker [mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl]
> Sent: mardi 15 mai 2012 09:55
> To: Picconi Fabio
> Cc: zhangyunfei; ppsp
> Subject: Re: Proposal to resolve Issue 10 + 13
>
> Hi Fabio and all
>
> On 14/05/2012 17:52, Picconi Fabio wrote:
> >
> > Taking W=3D30 seconds and 3 chunks per second, 4 bytes per integer, and
> > 1 buffer map per second to 10 neighbors, range list requires ~ 30
> kbps
> > in the worst case vs. ~ 15 kbps for bins. For a 1 Mbps stream, that's
> > a 3% overhead instead of 1.5%, which I don't think is that big a
> deal.
> >
>
> IMHO, the calculation should be somewhat different. It now assumes we
> send the complete 30 second map every second. I'd say it is more likely
> that we download at approx. the bitrate so we have only 1 seconds worth
> of updates to the map to send. I.e. 3 chunks in your example. This
> means less overhead.
>
> With UDP as a transport, chunk size is preferably 1K to keep the impact
> of the loss of a single IP packet low (on Ethernet). Then 3 chunks per
> second should be 100 chunks per second for 1 Mbps, implying we send
> either 800 bytes (2 ints per range) or 400 bytes (1 bin) as overhead,
> worst case. For 10 neighbours this means 64 and 32 kbps, or 6% and 3%
> respectively.
>
>
> > Now, two things: 1) an optimized implementation of range lists would
> > encode single-element ranges with a single integer, so the overhead
> > would be identical to that of bins (i.e., 1.5%); 2) we're talking
> > about the worst case which is extremely unlikely to happen... it
> would
> > be interesting to do the average case analysis for the [P+1,P+W]
> > interval.
> >
>
> As argued before, I assume data will be requested in blocks of chunks,
> in particular on UDP with 1K chunks, which are a power of 2, e.g. 32K.
> We can align these requests on power-2 boundaries such that we need
> just
> 1 bin to address them. With ranges we always need 2 ints, as we're
> denoting a block of chunks.
>
> With this block assumption, in the worst case, an update is (100K/block
> size) ranges. So e.g. 3 ranges for 32 K, taking either 2 or 1 int to
> encode, and thus implying 2 kbps and 1 kbps for 10 neighbours, or 0.2
> and 0.1% overhead. Less for larger block sizes.
>
> In conclusion, if we send map updates instead of the full map, the
> absolute overhead of pushing chunk availability is low. Relative
> overhead can still be 100% and bins give a prettier one-unit design ;o)
>
> CU,
>      Arno

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nk=3Dpurple style=3D'margin-left:7.5pt;margin-top:7.5pt;margin-right:7.5pt;=
margin-bottom:7.5pt'><div class=3DWordSection1><p class=3DMsoNormal><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'>=
Yes, a quick simulation would shed some light on the average case. Now we n=
eed to find the time to do it. :-)<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNorma=
l><span style=3D'font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:=
#1F497D'>Fabio<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=3DMsoNormal><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";color:#1F497D'><o:p>&nbsp;=
</o:p></span></p><div style=3D'border:none;border-left:solid blue 1.5pt;pad=
ding:0cm 0cm 0cm 4.0pt'><div><div style=3D'border:none;border-top:solid #B5=
C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:=
0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><b><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"=
Tahoma","sans-serif"'>From:</span></b><span style=3D'font-size:10.0pt;font-=
family:"Tahoma","sans-serif"'> zhangyunfei [mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.=
com] <br><b>Sent:</b> mercredi 16 mai 2012 03:52<br><b>To:</b> Picconi Fabi=
o; arno@cs.vu.nl<br><b>Cc:</b> ppsp<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: RE: Proposal to =
resolve Issue 10 + 13<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=3DMsoNormal=
><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></p><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-=
bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHe=
i","serif";color:navy'>Hi Fabio, Arno and all,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><=
div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'> I</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>h=
ave a thought on how to discuss the average case. Please discuss to see if =
it works.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'mar=
gin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'=
> We may find in some measurement work to see the distribution of the chunk=
s in the buffer (maybe in different phase, there are different distribution=
s, e.g., the beginning, the normal play,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>a=
fter dragging, but I am not sure). In this case, the problem Fabio proposed=
 is solved and we can get an analysis of the two schemes.<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001=
pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";c=
olor:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micros=
oft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3D=
MsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>BR<o:p></o:p></=
span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:=
.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>Yunfei<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal=
 style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p=
></o:p></span></p></div><div class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'><hr size=3D1 width=3D210 style=3D'width:157.5pt' nosh=
ade style=3D'color:#B5C4DF' align=3Dleft></span></div><div><p class=3DMsoNo=
rmal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>zhangyunfei<o:p></o:=
p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bot=
tom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",=
"serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div st=
yle=3D'border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm=
'><div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;=
background:#EFEFEF'><b><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsof=
t YaHei","serif";color:black'>From:</span></b><span style=3D'font-size:9.0p=
t;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>&nbsp;</span><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:black'><a=
 href=3D"mailto:Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com">Picconi Fabio</a><o:p></o:p>=
</span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt;background:#EFEFEF'><b><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family=
:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:black'>Date:</span></b><span style=3D'font=
-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color=
:black'>2012-05-15</span><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times =
New Roman","serif";color:black'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt=
;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:black'>21:04<o:p></o:p></span>=
</p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001=
pt;background:#EFEFEF'><b><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Micro=
soft YaHei","serif";color:black'>To:</span></b><span style=3D'font-size:9.0=
pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>&nbsp;</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:black'><=
a href=3D"mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl">arno@cs.vu.nl</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></di=
v><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;backg=
round:#EFEFEF'><b><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaH=
ei","serif";color:black'>CC:</span></b><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-=
family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:black'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:black'><a href=
=3D"mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com">zhangyunfei</a>; <a href=3D"mailto:=
ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp</a><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNorma=
l style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;background:#EFEFEF'><b><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:black'>S=
ubject:</span></b><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Times New Rom=
an","serif";color:black'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:9.0pt;font-f=
amily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:black'>RE: Proposal to resolve Issue =
10 + 13<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div><div><div><p class=3DMsoNorm=
al style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>I'm</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>not</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>sure</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>I</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times =
New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>follow</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>you.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal s=
tyle=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;f=
ont-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p=
></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margi=
n-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Ya=
Hei","serif";color:navy'>First,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>I</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:n=
avy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Ya=
Hei","serif";color:navy'>assumed</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>three</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";co=
lor:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microso=
ft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>chunks</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;=
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>per<=
/span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"=
;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micr=
osoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>second</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>be=
cause</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","=
serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>there</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:nav=
y'>is</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","=
serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>a</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>p=
aper</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","s=
erif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>that</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'=
>suggests</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roma=
n","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>that</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:=
navy'>this</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Rom=
an","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>is</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:n=
avy'>a</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",=
"serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>good</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:nav=
y'>value</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman=
","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>[1].</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:n=
avy'>But</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman=
","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:na=
vy'>actual</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Rom=
an","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>chunk</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>rate</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>does</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>not</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>change</span><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</s=
pan><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";c=
olor:navy'>the</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New=
 Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fo=
nt-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>calculation</span><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&n=
bsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","s=
erif";color:navy'>(more</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>chunks</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy=
'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>per</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>seconds</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:n=
avy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Ya=
Hei","serif";color:navy'>means</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>both</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color=
:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft =
YaHei","serif";color:navy'>more</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>bins</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft=
 YaHei","serif";color:navy'>and</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>more</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft=
 YaHei","serif";color:navy'>ranges).<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p cla=
ss=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";co=
lor:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'ma=
rgin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Second,</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:n=
avy'>if</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"=
,"serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fami=
ly:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>you</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:nav=
y'>use</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",=
"serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>ranges,</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:=
navy'>sending</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New =
Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>an</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>update</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New=
 Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fo=
nt-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>to</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>inform</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times Ne=
w Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;f=
ont-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</s=
pan><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";c=
olor:navy'>reception</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>of</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>an</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times=
 New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>entire</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nb=
sp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","se=
rif";color:navy'>32K</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>block</span><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&n=
bsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","s=
erif";color:navy'>(i.e.,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>32</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&=
nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'>1K</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Ti=
mes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>chunks)</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'=
>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"=
,"serif";color:navy'>takes</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>two</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy=
'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>integers</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>with</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color=
:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft =
YaHei","serif";color:navy'>range</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>lists,</s=
pan><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";c=
olor:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micros=
oft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>or</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'=
font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>one</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";col=
or:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsof=
t YaHei","serif";color:navy'>integer</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;=
font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>usin=
g</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","seri=
f";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mi=
crosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>bins.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>I=
f</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","seri=
f";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mi=
crosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>you</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>hav=
e</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","seri=
f";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mi=
crosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>three</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>b=
locks</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","=
serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>per</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'=
>second,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman=
","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>that</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:n=
avy'>means</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Rom=
an","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>6</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:na=
vy'>integers</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>per</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>second</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New=
 Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fo=
nt-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>per</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";co=
lor:navy'>neighbor,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>instead</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&=
nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'>of</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Ti=
mes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>3</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>integers</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>per</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>second</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>per</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy=
'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>neighbor.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>In</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:=
navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Y=
aHei","serif";color:navy'>both</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>cases</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft=
 YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>overhead</=
span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";=
color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micro=
soft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>is</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fo=
nt-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>negligi=
ble.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0=
cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p>=
</div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color=
:navy'>In</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roma=
n","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:n=
avy'>absence</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>of</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color=
:navy'>an</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roma=
n","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>average</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>case</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New =
Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>analysis</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>(i.e.,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"T=
imes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>where</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>the</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>buffer</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy=
'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>contains</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>lots</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color=
:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft =
YaHei","serif";color:navy'>of</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>holes)</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft=
 YaHei","serif";color:navy'>showing</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;f=
ont-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>that=
</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif=
";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mic=
rosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>bins</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>are=
</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif=
";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mic=
rosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>better</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>t=
han</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","se=
rif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>range</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'=
>lists,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"=
,"serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fami=
ly:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>and</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:nav=
y'>given</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman=
","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:na=
vy'>negligible</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New=
 Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fo=
nt-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>overhead</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>of</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times=
 New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>both</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>solutions</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>in</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>the</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>worst</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'=
>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"=
,"serif";color:navy'>and</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>best</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'=
>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"=
,"serif";color:navy'>case,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>I</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>would</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>go</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>for</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&=
nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'>simpler</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>solution,</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft=
 YaHei","serif";color:navy'>i.e.,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'=
font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>range</s=
pan><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";c=
olor:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micros=
oft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>lists.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p cl=
ass=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</s=
pan><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";c=
olor:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'm=
argin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Fabio<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><d=
iv><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&=
nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal st=
yle=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fo=
nt-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>[1]</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";co=
lor:navy'>Size</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New=
 Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fo=
nt-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Does</span><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</s=
pan><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";c=
olor:navy'>Matter</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times =
New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>(in</span><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;<=
/span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif"=
;color:navy'>P2P</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times N=
ew Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;=
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Live</span><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;<=
/span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif"=
;color:navy'>Streaming).</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>N.</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&=
nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'>Hegde,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>F.</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>Mathieu</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fami=
ly:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>and</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:nav=
y'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHe=
i","serif";color:navy'>D.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Perino.</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:n=
avy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Ya=
Hei","serif";color:navy'>In</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fami=
ly:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Algotel'09</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";co=
lor:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microso=
ft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>and</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'=
font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>also</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";co=
lor:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microso=
ft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Inria</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;f=
ont-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Tech=
nical</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","=
serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>report</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:na=
vy'>#7032,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Rom=
an","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>2009.<o:p></o:p></span></p></di=
v><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:nav=
y'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHe=
i","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNorma=
l style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:=
p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;marg=
in-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><=
div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal s=
tyle=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;f=
ont-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'=
font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</=
span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";=
color:navy'>-----Original</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Message-----<o:p=
></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margi=
n-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Ya=
Hei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>From:</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color=
:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft =
YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Arno</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Bakker</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";co=
lor:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microso=
ft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>[<a href=3D"mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl">mailto:arno=
@cs.vu.nl</a>]<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=
=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>Sent:</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New =
Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>mardi</span><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</s=
pan><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";c=
olor:navy'>15</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New =
Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>mai</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>2012</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New =
Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>09:55<o:p></o:p></span></p><=
/div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:=
navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Rom=
an","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>To:</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:=
navy'>Picconi</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New =
Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Fabio<o:p></o:p></span></p><=
/div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:=
navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Rom=
an","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Cc:</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:=
navy'>zhangyunfei;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times=
 New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>ppsp<o:p></o:p></span><=
/p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001p=
t'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";co=
lor:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New=
 Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fo=
nt-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Subject:</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>Re:</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Proposal</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>to</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"T=
imes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>resolve</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy=
'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>Issue</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fami=
ly:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>10</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy=
'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>+</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>13<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.00=
01pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif"=
;color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times =
New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></=
div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:n=
avy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roma=
n","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Hi</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:na=
vy'>Fabio</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roma=
n","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>and</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:n=
avy'>all<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'marg=
in:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>=
<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;m=
argin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsof=
t YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'=
font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>On</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft=
 YaHei","serif";color:navy'>14/05/2012</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>17:=
52,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","se=
rif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Picconi</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:nav=
y'>Fabio</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman=
","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>wrote:<o:p></o:p></span></p></div=
><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy=
'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",=
"serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><di=
v><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&g=
t;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","ser=
if";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"M=
icrosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>T=
aking</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","=
serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>W=3D30</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:na=
vy'>seconds</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Ro=
man","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>and</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color=
:navy'>3</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman=
","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>chunks</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color=
:navy'>per</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Rom=
an","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>second,</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";co=
lor:navy'>4</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Ro=
man","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>bytes</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>per</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>integer,</span><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;<=
/span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif"=
;color:navy'>and<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=
=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>1</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:=
navy'>buffer</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>map</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>per</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Ro=
man","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>second</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";co=
lor:navy'>to</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>10</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color=
:navy'>neighbors,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times =
New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>range</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>list</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>requires</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'=
>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"=
,"serif";color:navy'>~</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"T=
imes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>30<o:p></o:p></span=
></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.000=
1pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";=
color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times N=
ew Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;=
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>kbps<o:p></o:p></span></p=
></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>in</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Ro=
man","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color=
:navy'>worst</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>case</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>vs.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>~</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:=
navy'>15</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman=
","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>kbps</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:n=
avy'>for</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman=
","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>bins.</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:=
navy'>For</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roma=
n","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>a</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:nav=
y'>1</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","s=
erif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Mbps</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'=
>stream,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman=
","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>that's<o:p></o:p></span></p></div=
><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy=
'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",=
"serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:nav=
y'>a</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","s=
erif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>3%</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>o=
verhead</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"=
,"serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fami=
ly:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>instead</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color=
:navy'>of</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roma=
n","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>1.5%,</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color=
:navy'>which</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>I</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:=
navy'>don't</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Ro=
man","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>think</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>is</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Ro=
man","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>that</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>big</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Ro=
man","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>a<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><=
div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>=
&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","s=
erif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>deal.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div=
><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt=
;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","seri=
f";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mi=
crosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p =
class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</s=
pan><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";c=
olor:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micros=
oft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3D=
MsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:nav=
y'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHe=
i","serif";color:navy'>IMHO,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:na=
vy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaH=
ei","serif";color:navy'>calculation</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;f=
ont-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>shou=
ld</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","ser=
if";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"M=
icrosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>be</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>som=
ewhat</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","=
serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>different.</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>It</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Rom=
an","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>now</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:=
navy'>assumes</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New =
Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>we<o:p></o:p></span></p></di=
v><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:nav=
y'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"=
,"serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fami=
ly:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>send</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:na=
vy'>the</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"=
,"serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fami=
ly:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>complete</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>30</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Rom=
an","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>second</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>map</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>every</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";co=
lor:navy'>second.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times =
New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>I'd</span><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;<=
/span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif"=
;color:navy'>say</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times N=
ew Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;=
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>it</span><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</s=
pan><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";c=
olor:navy'>is</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New =
Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>more</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";co=
lor:navy'>likely<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=
=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>that</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>we</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color=
:navy'>download</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times Ne=
w Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;f=
ont-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>at</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";co=
lor:navy'>approx.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times =
New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;<=
/span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif"=
;color:navy'>bitrate</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>so</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>we</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times=
 New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>have</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>only</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>1</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>seconds</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>worth<o:p></o:p></=
span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:=
.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>of</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>updates</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>to</span><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&n=
bsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","s=
erif";color:navy'>the</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Ti=
mes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>map</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nb=
sp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","se=
rif";color:navy'>to</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>send.</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nb=
sp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","se=
rif";color:navy'>I.e.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Ti=
mes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>3</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>chunks</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"T=
imes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>in</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nb=
sp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","se=
rif";color:navy'>your</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Ti=
mes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>example.</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy=
'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>This<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNo=
rmal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&n=
bsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","s=
erif";color:navy'>means</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>less</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>overhead.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMs=
oNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'=
>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"=
,"serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal =
style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;=
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;<=
/span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif"=
;color:navy'>With</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times =
New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>UDP</span><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;<=
/span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif"=
;color:navy'>as</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times Ne=
w Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;f=
ont-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>a</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>transport,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>chunk</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nb=
sp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","se=
rif";color:navy'>size</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Ti=
mes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>is</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>preferably</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>1K</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'=
>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"=
,"serif";color:navy'>to</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>keep</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>the</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>impact<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom=
:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","se=
rif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Ti=
mes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>of</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>the</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>loss</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>of</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times=
 New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>a</span><span style=3D'=
font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</=
span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";=
color:navy'>single</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times=
 New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>IP</span><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;<=
/span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif"=
;color:navy'>packet</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>low</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>(on</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Ethernet).</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy=
'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>Then</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>3</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>chunks</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>per<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom=
:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","se=
rif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Ti=
mes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>second</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>should</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>be</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'=
>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"=
,"serif";color:navy'>100</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>chunks</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:nav=
y'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHe=
i","serif";color:navy'>per</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>second</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:n=
avy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Ya=
Hei","serif";color:navy'>for</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>1</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy=
'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>Mbps,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fami=
ly:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>implying</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft=
 YaHei","serif";color:navy'>we</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>send<o:p></=
o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>either</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:n=
avy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Ya=
Hei","serif";color:navy'>800</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>bytes</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:=
navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Y=
aHei","serif";color:navy'>(2</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>ints</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:n=
avy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Ya=
Hei","serif";color:navy'>per</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>range)</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color=
:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft =
YaHei","serif";color:navy'>or</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>400</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:n=
avy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Ya=
Hei","serif";color:navy'>bytes</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>(1</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:n=
avy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Ya=
Hei","serif";color:navy'>bin)</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>as</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:na=
vy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaH=
ei","serif";color:navy'>overhead,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=
=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:=
navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Y=
aHei","serif";color:navy'>worst</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>case.</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";col=
or:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsof=
t YaHei","serif";color:navy'>For</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>10</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color=
:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft =
YaHei","serif";color:navy'>neighbours</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>this=
</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif=
";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mic=
rosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>means</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>64=
</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif=
";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mic=
rosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>and</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>32</=
span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";=
color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micro=
soft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>kbps,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>or</=
span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";=
color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micro=
soft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>6%</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fo=
nt-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>and</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";co=
lor:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microso=
ft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>3%<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=
=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:=
navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Y=
aHei","serif";color:navy'>respectively.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p =
class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</s=
pan><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";c=
olor:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micros=
oft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3D=
MsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:nav=
y'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHe=
i","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNorma=
l style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Now,</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nb=
sp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","se=
rif";color:navy'>two</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>things:</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>1)</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"T=
imes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>an</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nb=
sp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","se=
rif";color:navy'>optimized</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>implementation<=
/span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"=
;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micr=
osoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>of</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;f=
ont-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>rang=
e</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","seri=
f";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mi=
crosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>lists</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>w=
ould<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0=
cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micr=
osoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;=
</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif=
";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mic=
rosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>encode</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>s=
ingle-element</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New =
Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>ranges</span><span style=3D'=
font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</=
span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";=
color:navy'>with</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times N=
ew Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;=
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>a</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";co=
lor:navy'>single</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times N=
ew Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;=
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>integer,</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nb=
sp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","se=
rif";color:navy'>so</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>overhead<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNorm=
al style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>would</span><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&n=
bsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","s=
erif";color:navy'>be</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>identical</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy=
'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>to</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>that</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'=
>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"=
,"serif";color:navy'>of</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>bins</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>(i.e.,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>1.5%);</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:n=
avy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Ya=
Hei","serif";color:navy'>2)</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fami=
ly:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>we're</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:n=
avy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Ya=
Hei","serif";color:navy'>talking<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=
=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:=
navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Y=
aHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>about</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft=
 YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>worst</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";col=
or:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsof=
t YaHei","serif";color:navy'>case</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'=
font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>which</s=
pan><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";c=
olor:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micros=
oft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>is</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'=
font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>extremel=
y</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","seri=
f";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mi=
crosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>unlikely</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy=
'>to</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","s=
erif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>happen...</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:=
navy'>it<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'marg=
in:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>=
would<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:=
0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mic=
rosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt=
;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","seri=
f";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Mi=
crosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>be</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>inte=
resting</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"=
,"serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fami=
ly:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>to</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy=
'>do</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","s=
erif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>=
average</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"=
,"serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fami=
ly:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>case</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:na=
vy'>analysis</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>for</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>the</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Ro=
man","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>[P+1,P+W]<o:p></o:p></span></p=
></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>interval.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal sty=
le=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";co=
lor:navy'>&gt;<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=
=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'marg=
in:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>=
As</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","ser=
if";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"M=
icrosoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>argued</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'=
>before,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman=
","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>I</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy=
'>assume</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman=
","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>data</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:n=
avy'>will</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roma=
n","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>be</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:na=
vy'>requested</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New =
Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>in</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>blocks</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New=
 Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fo=
nt-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>of</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>chunks,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=
=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>in</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Rom=
an","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>particular</span><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;<=
/span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif"=
;color:navy'>on</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times Ne=
w Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;f=
ont-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>UDP</span><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</s=
pan><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";c=
olor:navy'>with</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times Ne=
w Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;f=
ont-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>1K</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";co=
lor:navy'>chunks,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times =
New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>which</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>are</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>a</span><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;<=
/span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif"=
;color:navy'>power</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times=
 New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>of</span><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;<=
/span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif"=
;color:navy'>2,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times Ne=
w Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;f=
ont-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>e.g.</span><span style=3D'=
font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</=
span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";=
color:navy'>32K.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=
=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";colo=
r:navy'>We</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Rom=
an","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>can</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:=
navy'>align</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Ro=
man","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>these</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>requests</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times =
New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>on</span><span style=3D'=
font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</=
span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";=
color:navy'>power-2</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Time=
s New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5=
pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>boundaries</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy=
'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>such</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>that</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:nav=
y'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHe=
i","serif";color:navy'>we</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>need<o:p></o:p><=
/span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom=
:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","se=
rif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Ti=
mes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>just<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.00=
01pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif"=
;color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times =
New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>1</span><span style=3D'f=
ont-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</s=
pan><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";c=
olor:navy'>bin</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New=
 Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fo=
nt-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>to</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>address</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times N=
ew Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;=
font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>them.</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>With</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>ranges</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&=
nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'>we</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Ti=
mes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>always</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>need</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>2</span><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&n=
bsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","s=
erif";color:navy'>ints,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>as</span><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&n=
bsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","s=
erif";color:navy'>we're<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNorma=
l style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>denoting</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:=
"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size=
:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>a</span><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&n=
bsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","s=
erif";color:navy'>block</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>of</span><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&n=
bsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","s=
erif";color:navy'>chunks.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNor=
mal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nb=
sp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","se=
rif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal styl=
e=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>With</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New =
Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>this</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";co=
lor:navy'>block</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times Ne=
w Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;f=
ont-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>assumption,</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&=
nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'>in</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Ti=
mes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nb=
sp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","se=
rif";color:navy'>worst</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"T=
imes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>case,</span><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>=
&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei",=
"serif";color:navy'>an</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"T=
imes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>update</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'=
>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"=
,"serif";color:navy'>is</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>(100K/block<o:p></=
o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-b=
ottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>size)</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:na=
vy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaH=
ei","serif";color:navy'>ranges.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-=
family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>So</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:=
navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Y=
aHei","serif";color:navy'>e.g.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>3</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:na=
vy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaH=
ei","serif";color:navy'>ranges</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>for</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:=
navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Y=
aHei","serif";color:navy'>32</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>K,</span><spa=
n style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:nav=
y'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHe=
i","serif";color:navy'>taking</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>either</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft=
 YaHei","serif";color:navy'>2</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>or</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:na=
vy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaH=
ei","serif";color:navy'>1</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>int</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'=
>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"=
,"serif";color:navy'>to<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNorma=
l style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>encode,</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>and</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&=
nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'>thus</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>implying</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:na=
vy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaH=
ei","serif";color:navy'>2</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>kbps</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy=
'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>and</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>1</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&=
nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'>kbps</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"=
Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:=
10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>for</span><span st=
yle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&=
nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","=
serif";color:navy'>10</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Ti=
mes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>neighbours,</span><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:n=
avy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Ya=
Hei","serif";color:navy'>or</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fami=
ly:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-s=
ize:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>0.2<o:p></o:p>=
</span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-botto=
m:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","s=
erif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"T=
imes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>and</span><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&n=
bsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","s=
erif";color:navy'>0.1%</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"T=
imes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>overhead.</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:na=
vy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaH=
ei","serif";color:navy'>Less</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>for</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:na=
vy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaH=
ei","serif";color:navy'>larger</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>block</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft=
 YaHei","serif";color:navy'>sizes.<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=
=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font=
-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:=
navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Y=
aHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNo=
rmal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10=
.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span sty=
le=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&n=
bsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","s=
erif";color:navy'>In</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Tim=
es New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.=
5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>conclusion,</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:na=
vy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaH=
ei","serif";color:navy'>if</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-famil=
y:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-si=
ze:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>we</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'=
>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"=
,"serif";color:navy'>send</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family=
:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>map</span><span =
style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'=
>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei"=
,"serif";color:navy'>updates</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>instead</span=
><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";colo=
r:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft=
 YaHei","serif";color:navy'>of</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the</span><=
span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:=
navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft Y=
aHei","serif";color:navy'>full</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>map,</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color=
:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft =
YaHei","serif";color:navy'>the<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=3DM=
soNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>&gt;</span><span=
 style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy=
'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei=
","serif";color:navy'>absolute</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-f=
amily:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>overhead</s=
pan><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";c=
olor:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micros=
oft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>of</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'=
font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>pushing<=
/span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"=
;color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Micr=
osoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>chunk</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5p=
t;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span styl=
e=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>ava=
ilability</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roma=
n","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>is</span><span style=3D'font-siz=
e:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:na=
vy'>low.</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman=
","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Relative<o:p></o:p></span></p></d=
iv><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><sp=
an style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:na=
vy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman=
","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fam=
ily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>overhead</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>can</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>still</span><span style=3D'fo=
nt-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</sp=
an><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";co=
lor:navy'>be</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>100%</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>and</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New R=
oman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font=
-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>bins</span><span style=3D'fon=
t-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</spa=
n><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";col=
or:navy'>give</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New =
Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;fon=
t-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>a</span><span style=3D'font-=
size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span>=
<span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color=
:navy'>prettier</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times Ne=
w Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;f=
ont-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>one-unit</span><span style=
=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbs=
p;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","ser=
if";color:navy'>design</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"T=
imes New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:1=
0.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>;o)<o:p></o:p></spa=
n></p></div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.00=
01pt'><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif"=
;color:navy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times =
New Roman","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt=
;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'><o:p></o:p></span></p></=
div><div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><s=
pan style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:n=
avy'>&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roma=
n","serif";color:navy'>&nbsp;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-fa=
mily:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>CU,<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><=
div><p class=3DMsoNormal style=3D'margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt'><span s=
tyle=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>=
&gt;</span><span style=3D'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","s=
erif";color:navy'>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style=3D=
'font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Microsoft YaHei","serif";color:navy'>Arno<o:=
p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></body></html>=

--_000_320C4182454E96478DC039F2C481987204EB2FBE81MOPESMBX01eut_--

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Subject: Re: [ppsp] Proposal to resolve Issue 10 + 13
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On 15/05/2012 15:04, Picconi Fabio wrote:
> I'm not sure I follow you.
>
> First, I assumed three chunks per second because there is a paper
> that suggests that this is a good value [1]. But the actual chunk
> rate does not change the calculation (more chunks per seconds means
> both more bins and more ranges).
>

Hi

I think we agree that the overhead of both solutions is small even worst 
case. I just added a level of detail to make sure we didn't miss 
anything given UDP induces a chunksize of 1K, to be transmitted in 
groups for bandwidth utilization and optimal sharing (your ref).

The only difference is that I prefer bins such that there is a single 
unit in the whole system that works conveniently with Merkle hash trees.

CU,
      Arno


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To: zhangyunfei <zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com>
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Subject: Re: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83
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On May 16, 2012, at 3:40 AM, zhangyunfei wrote:

> Thanks Rui for the clarification. I would suggest to sperate the base =
specification and the extensions with two different drafts for two =
reasons:
> 1) It would be much easier to get consensus on the base draft since =
its scope is highly limited. In this way the progress will be earlier to =
achieve.
> 2) We see many similar operations in IETF drafts practices which may =
be proved to be an efficient way in IETF circle.


yes, different drafts is the best choice so we can move them on=20
autonomously from each other. The goal, at this stage, is to reach=20
consensus on the base specification in a reasonable time.

Extensions will go in separate documentS (i.e.: we may need more=20
than one extension document).

It's a common IETF practice with proven efficiency.

s.


> =20
> BR
> Yunfei=20
> =20
> zhangyunfei
> =20
> From: Rui Cruz
> Date: 2012-05-15 18:59
> To: ppsp
> CC: Rui Cruz; Picconi Fabio; Yingjie Gu(yingjie); zhangyunfei =
(zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com)
> Subject: Re: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83
> Hi,
>=20
> On Ticket #4: The FIND use case can perfectly be seen as Fabio =
described, i.e., "to find peers subject to attribute constraints" in =
order to speed up discovery, i.e., may be used in special situations =
only, therefore, the overhead to the tracker can be considered minimal.
>=20
> On Ticket #5: The tracker protocol proposal is being split in a base =
specification and extensions. We do not see the need for "additional =
messages e.g.,reconnect and rejoin)" as this type of "action" is =
perfectly solved with the already proposed messages.  This is the case =
of the new semantic for the CONNECT message with implicit JOINs which =
behaves as a re-CONNECT with re-JOINs.
>=20
> We would appreciate an advise from the chairs on splitting the tracker =
protocol proposal in a base specification and extensions. Should it be =
done with two different draft documents or with a single document where =
the extensions are clearly separate to an Annex??
>=20
> Regards,
>=20
> Rui Cruz
> rui.cruz@ieee.org
>=20
> IST/INESC-ID/INOV - Lisbon, Portugal
> __________________________________________
> ppsp mailing list
> ppsp@ietf.org
> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ppsp
>=20
> On 15/05/2012, at 04:10, zhangyunfei wrote:
>=20
>> Hi Rui and Yingjie,
>>     Would you please confirm the ticket #4 for Paris meeting?
>>      For ticket #5, I am fine with Fabio's proposal.
>> =20
>> BR
>> Yunfei
>> =20
>> zhangyunfei
>> =20
>> From: Picconi Fabio
>> Date: 2012-05-14 20:04
>> To: zhangyunfei; ppsp
>> Subject: RE: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83
>> Hi,
>> Somme comments:
>> Ticket #1 (chunk addressing mechanism). See my email send today.
>> Ticket #2. I can=1B$B!G=1B(Bt remember what this was about. :-)
>> Ticket #3 (secure PEX): I think that we can stick to a simple PEX =
mechanism that can be augmented by an optional secure algorithm. In =
addition to the solution proposed by Arno, there is a simple mechanism =
described by Jesi et al. [1].
>> Ticket #4 (FIND use case). I don=1B$B!G=1B(Bt recall exactly the =
details of this issue. If it=1B$B!G=1B(Bs only motivating a request to =
the tracker to find peers subject to attribute constraints, then finding =
peers with a similar upload capacity (to speed up the discovery phase) =
is already a good motivation.
>> Ticket #5 (additional messages). I think the proponents of these =
messages should describe the use cases where these messages can be =
useful.
>> Cheers,
>> Fabio
>> [1] G.P. Jesi, A. Montresor, and M. van Steen. Secure Peer Sampling. =
In Computer Networks, 2010.
>> =20
>> From: ppsp-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ppsp-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf =
Of zhangyunfei
>> Sent: jeudi 3 mai 2012 10:13
>> To: ppsp
>> Subject: [ppsp] tickets for IETF 83
>> =20
>> Hi all,
>>     I have summarized an initial tickets list for IETF 83 meeting. =
Please review it and actions on these tickets are expected. Thanks.
>> =20
>> BR
>> Yunfei &Stefano
>> =
--------------------------------------------------------------------------=
---------------------------------
>> Peer protocol:
>> Ticket #1=1B$B!'=1B(BPost and discuss the alternative proposal =
besides MHT in peer protocol (Proposal 10+13), list intervals (Tradeoff =
among complexity / overhead / efficiency / implementation) and check =
gaps. [Martin=1B$B!$=1B(BYunfei, Fabio, Lichun]
>> This ticket is partly solved. Simple nature number addressing and =
ranged expression on chunk availability. The analysis and comparison is =
ongoing. I'd suggest to have a deadline for the resolution time after =
discussing with Stefano, i.e.,  May 26th from now on to make the =
decision in the WG level.
>> =20
>> Ticket #2=1B$B!'=1B(BDiscuss the possible =1B$B!H=1B(B"state-building =
attacks" attack on peers.[Martin](related Proposal 26)
>> Martin, Do you still have concerns on this? If nobody shows up, we =
propose to close this ticket.
>> =20
>> Ticket #3: Discuss the Membership certificates impact on the =
tracker=1B$B!G=1B(Bs workload.[Fabio](related to Proposal 17+20)
>> =20
>> Tracker protocol:
>> Ticket#4: Specify the FIND use case and reduce the overhead to the =
tracker.[Martin,Yunfei=1B$B!$=1B(BFabio=1B$B!$=1B(BRichardo]
>> Ticket#5: Discuss concrete use cases of additional messages if there =
are(e.g.,reconnect and rejoin) , and conclude the basic messages and =
optional ones in tracker protocol. [Mark, Fabio]
>>  We propose to the tracker protocol authors to address their tickets =
with a splitting of their proposal:
>> . base spec
>> . additional options.
>> =20
>> Survey
>> Ticket#6: Call for reviewers for survey draft, and maybe P2P =
streaming providers=1B$B!G=1B(B contribution on updating the draft.  =20
>> =20
>> zhangyunfei
>> _______________________________________________
>> ppsp mailing list
>> ppsp@ietf.org
>> https://www.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ppsp
>=20
>=20


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<DIV>Yes. It would be great if we can have a conclusion before next next we=
ek,=20
when is our proposed deadline for discussing the chunk addressing issue.&nb=
sp;=20
</DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
<DIV>BR</DIV>
<DIV>Yunfei</DIV>
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<DIV><SPAN>zhangyunfei</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>&nbsp;</DIV>
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<DIV><B>From:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com">Pic=
coni=20
Fabio</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>Date:</B>&nbsp;2012-05-16&nbsp;14:53</DIV>
<DIV><B>To:</B>&nbsp;<A=20
href=3D"mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com">zhangyunfei</A>; <A=20
href=3D"mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl">arno@cs.vu.nl</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>CC:</B>&nbsp;<A href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp</A></DIV>
<DIV><B>Subject:</B>&nbsp;RE: RE: Proposal to resolve Issue 10 +=20
13</DIV></DIV></DIV>
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<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11=
pt">Yes,=20
a quick simulation would shed some light on the average case. Now we need t=
o=20
find the time to do it. :-)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'; COLOR: #1f497d; FONT-SIZE: 11=
pt">Fabio<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
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<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTT=
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<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt">From:</SPAN><=
/B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'; FONT-SIZE: 10pt"> zhangyunfei =

[mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com] <BR><B>Sent:</B> mercredi 16 mai 2012 =

03:52<BR><B>To:</B> Picconi Fabio; arno@cs.vu.nl<BR><B>Cc:</B>=20
ppsp<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: RE: Proposal to resolve Issue 10 +=20
13<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=3DMsoNormal><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></P>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Hi=20
Fabio, Arno and all,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">=20
I</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">have=20
a thought on how to discuss the average case. Please discuss to see if it=20
works.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">=20
We may find in some measurement work to see the distribution of the chunks =
in=20
the buffer (maybe in different phase, there are different distributions, e.=
g.,=20
the beginning, the normal play,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">after=20
dragging, but I am not sure). In this case, the problem Fabio proposed is s=
olved=20
and we can get an analysis of the two schemes.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">BR<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Yunfei<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">
<HR style=3D"WIDTH: 157.5pt; COLOR: #b5c4df" align=3Dleft SIZE=3D1 width=3D=
210 noShade>
</SPAN></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">zhangyunfei<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV=20
style=3D"BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-BOTT=
OM: 0cm; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt sol=
id; BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt">
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BACKGROUND: #efefef" class=3DMsoNormal><B>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt"><A=20
href=3D"mailto:Fabio.Picconi@technicolor.com">Picconi=20
Fabio</A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BACKGROUND: #efefef" class=3DMsoNormal><B>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">Date:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">2012-05-15</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">21:04<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BACKGROUND: #efefef" class=3DMsoNormal><B>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">To:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt"><A=20
href=3D"mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl">arno@cs.vu.nl</A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BACKGROUND: #efefef" class=3DMsoNormal><B>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">CC:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt"><A=20
href=3D"mailto:zhangyunfei@chinamobile.com">zhangyunfei</A>; <A=20
href=3D"mailto:ppsp@ietf.org">ppsp</A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; BACKGROUND: #efefef" class=3DMsoNormal><B>=
<SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">Subject:</SPAN></B><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: black; FONT-SIZE: 9=
pt">RE:=20
Proposal to resolve Issue 10 + 13<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV>
<DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">I'm</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">not</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">sure</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">I</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">follow</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">you.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">First,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">I</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">assumed</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">three</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">chunks</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">per</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">second</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">because</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">there</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">paper</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">that</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">suggests</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">that</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">this</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">good</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">value</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">[1].</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">But</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">actual</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">chunk</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">rate</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">does</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">not</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">change</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">calculation</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">(more</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">chunks</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">per</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">seconds</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">means</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">both</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">more</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bins</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">and</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">more</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">ranges).<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Second,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">if</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">you</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">use</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">ranges,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">sending</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">an</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">update</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">to</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">inform</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">reception</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">an</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">entire</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">32K</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">block</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">(i.e.,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">32</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1K</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">chunks)</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">takes</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">two</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">integers</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">with</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">range</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">lists,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">or</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">one</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">integer</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">using</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bins.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">If</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">you</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">have</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">three</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">blocks</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">per</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">second,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">that</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">means</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">6</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">integers</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">per</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">second</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">per</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">neighbor,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">instead</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">3</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">integers</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">per</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">second</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">per</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">neighbor.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">In</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">both</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">cases</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">overhead</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">negligible.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">In</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">absence</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">an</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">average</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">case</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">analysis</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">(i.e.,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">where</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">buffer</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">contains</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">lots</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">holes)</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">showing</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">that</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bins</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">are</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">better</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">than</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">range</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">lists,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">and</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">given</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">negligible</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">overhead</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">both</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">solutions</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">in</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">worst</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">and</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">best</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">case,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">I</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">would</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">go</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">for</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">simpler</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">solution,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">i.e.,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">range</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">lists.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Fabio<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">[1]</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Size</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Does</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Matter</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">(in</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">P2P</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Live</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Streaming).</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">N.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Hegde,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">F.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Mathieu</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">and</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">D.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Perino.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">In</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Algotel'09</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">and</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">also</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Inria</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Technical</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">report</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">#7032,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">2009.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">-----Original</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Message-----<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">From:</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Arno</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Bakker</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">[<A=20
href=3D"mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl">mailto:arno@cs.vu.nl</A>]<o:p></o:p></SPAN></=
P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Sent:</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">mardi</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">15</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">mai</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">2012</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">09:55<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">To:</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Picconi</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Fabio<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Cc:</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">zhangyunfei;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">ppsp<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Subject:</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Re:</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Proposal</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">to</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">resolve</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Issue</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">10</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">+</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">13<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Hi</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Fabio</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">and</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">all<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">On</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">14/05/2012</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">17:52,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Picconi</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Fabio</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">wrote:<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Taking</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">W=3D30</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">seconds</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">and</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">3</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">chunks</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">per</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">second,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">4</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bytes</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">per</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">integer,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">and<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">buffer</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">map</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">per</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">second</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">to</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">10</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">neighbors,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">range</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">list</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">requires</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">~</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">30<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">kbps<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">in</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">worst</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">case</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">vs.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">~</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">15</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">kbps</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">for</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bins.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">For</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Mbps</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">stream,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">that's<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">3%</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">overhead</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">instead</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1.5%,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">which</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">I</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">don't</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">think</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">that</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">big</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">deal.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">IMHO,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">calculation</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">should</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">be</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">somewhat</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">different.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">It</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">now</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">assumes</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">we<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">send</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">complete</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">30</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">second</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">map</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">every</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">second.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">I'd</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">say</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">it</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">more</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">likely<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">that</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">we</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">download</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">at</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">approx.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bitrate</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">so</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">we</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">have</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">only</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">seconds</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">worth<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">updates</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">to</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">map</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">to</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">send.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">I.e.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">3</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">chunks</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">in</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">your</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">example.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">This<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">means</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">less</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">overhead.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">With</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">UDP</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">as</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">transport,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">chunk</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">size</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">preferably</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1K</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">to</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">keep</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">impact<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">loss</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">single</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">IP</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">packet</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">low</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">(on</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Ethernet).</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Then</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">3</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">chunks</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">per<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">second</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">should</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">be</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">100</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">chunks</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">per</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">second</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">for</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Mbps,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">implying</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">we</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">send<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">either</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">800</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bytes</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">(2</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">ints</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">per</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">range)</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">or</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">400</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bytes</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">(1</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bin)</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">as</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">overhead,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">worst</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">case.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">For</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">10</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">neighbours</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">this</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">means</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">64</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">and</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">32</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">kbps,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">or</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">6%</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">and</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">3%<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">respectively.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Now,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">two</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">things:</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1)</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">an</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">optimized</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">implementation</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">range</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">lists</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">would<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">encode</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">single-element</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">ranges</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">with</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">single</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">integer,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">so</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">overhead<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">would</SPAN><SPAN=20
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.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
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.5pt">be</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">identical</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
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.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">(i.e.,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1.5%);</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">2)</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">we're</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">talking<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">about</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">worst</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">which</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">extremely</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">unlikely</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">to</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">happen...</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">it<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">would<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">be</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">interesting</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">to</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">do</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">average</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">case</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">analysis</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">for</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">[P+1,P+W]<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">interval.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">As</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">argued</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">before,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">I</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">assume</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">data</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">will</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">be</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">requested</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">in</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">blocks</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">chunks,<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">in</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">particular</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">on</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">UDP</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">with</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1K</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">chunks,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">which</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">are</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">power</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">2,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">e.g.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">32K.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">We</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">can</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">align</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">these</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">requests</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">on</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">power-2</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">boundaries</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">such</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">that</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">we</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">need<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">just<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bin</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">to</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">address</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">them.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">With</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">ranges</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">we</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">always</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">need</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">2</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">ints,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">as</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">we're<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">denoting</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">a</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">block</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">chunks.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">With</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">this</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">block</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">assumption,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">in</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">worst</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">case,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">an</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">update</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">(100K/block<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">size)</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">ranges.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">So</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">e.g.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">3</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">ranges</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">for</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">32</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">K,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">taking</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">either</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">2</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">or</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">int</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">to<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">encode,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">and</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">thus</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">implying</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">2</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">kbps</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">and</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">1</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">kbps</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">for</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">10</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">neighbours,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">or</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">0.2<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">and</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">0.1%</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">overhead.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Less</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">for</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">larger</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">block</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">sizes.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">In</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">conclusion,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">if</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">we</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">send</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">map</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">updates</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">instead</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">the</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">full</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">map,</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">absolute</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">overhead</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">of</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">pushing</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">chunk</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">availability</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">is</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">low.</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Relative<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">overhead</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">can</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">still</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">be</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">100%</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">bins</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
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<P style=3D"MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt" class=3DMsoNormal><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&gt;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</SPAN><SPAN=20
style=3D"FONT-FAMILY: 'Microsoft YaHei','serif'; COLOR: navy; FONT-SIZE: 10=
.5pt">Arno<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></DIV></BODY>=
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