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Hi,

Please find attached a Remote UI BoF FAQ which explains some of the =
problems with existing protocols and clarifies the scope of proposed =
work. To discuss this in more detail, a mailing list is available at =
remoteui@ietf.org and you can subscribe here =
https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/remoteui.

Also, a starting point for this work can be found here=20
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-stirbu-lrdp-00.txt.

Regards,
Vlad

Frequently Asked Questions - Remote UI BoF
------------------------------------------

1. What problem is the Remote UI protocol trying to solve?

The Remote UI is a mechanism that enables user interfaces to be rendered =
on other devices than those that have the application logic. The Remote =
UI protocol provides the mechanism which enable a client device the =
generate a UI, received from a server device, using the client device's =
native UI capabilities, and keeping the UI synchronised with the =
application logic.

2. Who needs this solution?

Device manufacturers invest a lot of energy in trying to optimise their =
devices for certain environments. Because the devices are intended for a =
diverse range of purposes, their UI capabilities can vary considerably; =
screen size and ratio, color depth, windowing system with various widget =
sets, input methods are making the environment highly heterogeneous. At =
the same time, application developers and UI designers are trying to =
create user interfaces that are high optimised for the rendering =
platform, so that the user experience is improved by  having the =
respective application easy to learn and use.

Therefore, when an UI is rendered on another device than the one that is =
running the application logic provisions need to be made, so that the =
user can perceive the UI as a local application making it intuitively =
usable. For=20
example an application UI may appear differently when remoted on an =
Windows XP desktop vs. a mobile phone.

3. Why this cannot be done with existing protocol?

Existing protocols can be split in two categories: framebuffer-level and =
graphics-level protocols.

In the framebuffer-level protocol, the contents of the framebuffer (i.e. =
the individual pixels) are copied across the network to a framebuffer on =
the client. In order to avoid sending the full screen every time =
something changed on the screen, these protocols typically send only the =
pixels that are changed inside the clipping regions to the client. =
Examples of such protocols are VNC and protocols based on T.120, like =
Microsoft's RDP.

In the graphics-level protocol, the drawing request to the graphical =
device interface (GDI), such as DrawLine(), DrawString(), etc. are =
copied across the network. The client is responsible for interpreting =
these commands and rendering the lines, rectangles, strings, etc. in its =
framebuffer. Example of such protocol is X Windows.

The problem with these approaches is that, in order to render the UI, =
the clients are following blindly the instructions received from the =
server; they don't have means to influence the appearance of the UI, =
they just render the UI using the graphical elements/instructions that =
are provided by the server and are specific to the server platform.

4. What are the pieces, building blocks that are needed to build this =
solution?

In order to correct the problems pointed out with the existing =
protocols, a mechanism is needed so that information about the widgets =
or widget trees is sent to the client, so that it can generate the UI =
using native client's widgets. This mechanism has usually three =
components: UI description language, UI remoting protocol and session =
setup.

UI description language contains the descriptions of the widgets, their =
properties and relationships between the widgets. Typically the =
widget-level UI descriptions are augmented with stylesheets containing =
hints such as preferred colours to use, which layout to use, which =
background picture, etc. Examples of such UI=20
descriptions languages are Mozillla's XUL and OASIS' UIML.

The UI remoting protocol is the transport protocol that is responsible =
with communicating (partial) UI updates from the server to the client =
and UI events triggered through changes in widget states made by the =
user from the client to the server. Usually an UI update can have three =
meanings:
=09
	* UI Initialisation - an application can send the full description of =
the UI at session setup.
=09
	* UI Fragment - an application is sending partial descriptions of the =
UI when the application is becoming aware of which parts of the UI will =
be used depending on the runtime status.
=09
	* UI Update - an application is sending notifications when widget =
properties are changing due to changes in application state.

The actual structures that are exchanged with UI updates and UI events =
are described using the UI description language.

Session setup is responsible with identifying compatible servers and =
clients and initiating the UI remoting session between them. A client is =
compatible with a server when they support the same UI remoting protocol =
and the same UI description language. Examples of session setup =
protocols are SIP/SDP and UPnP Remote UI.

5. What is the goal of the Remote UI effort in IETF?

Create a UI remoting protocol for applications that are using UI =
Description Languages.

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ext Pekka Savola [mailto:pekkas@netcore.fi]
> Sent: 30 June, 2005 20:42
> To: Dave Crocker
> Cc: Stirbu Vlad (Nokia-TP-MSW/Tampere); ietf@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: Remote UI BoF at IETF63
>=20
>=20
> On Thu, 30 Jun 2005, Dave Crocker wrote:
> [...]
> > Are there any materials to use as input, either as=20
> exemplars or possibly even=20
> > as a beginning specification?  This latter would be=20
> particularly helpful for=20
> > the success of the effort?
>=20
> FWIW, when I read the BoF description, I started wondering about the=20
> same things.  Specifically I started thinking about the half a dozen=20
> protocols that already exist in this space (vnc, rdp, ...).  It'd be=20
> very good to understand the scope of the work, and how the existing=20
> protocols fit (or don't fit) the bill.
>=20
> --=20
> Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
> Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
> Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings
>=20

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From remoteui-bounces@lists.ietf.org Fri Jul 01 06:55:21 2005
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From: Harald Tveit Alvestrand <harald@alvestrand.no>
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Vlad,

while I think this is a very interesting area for research and perhaps 
development, I've got to ask the questions that Dave Crocker always pulls 
up as standard questions for new work in the IETF.....

- What expertise do you see that the IETF has (and other groups do not 
have) that makes it the right body to work on this set of issues?
- What importance to the Internet does this work have that makes it a 
correct use of IETF resources?

In the terms of the IETF mission statement, RFC 3935:

   The goal of the IETF is to make the Internet work better.

   The mission of the IETF is to produce high quality, relevant
   technical and engineering documents that influence the way people
   design, use, and manage the Internet in such a way as to make the
   Internet work better.  These documents include protocol standards,
   best current practices, and informational documents of various kinds.

this would definitely fall into the "use" category. But RFC 3935 also says:

   In attempting to resolve the question of the IETF's scope, perhaps
   the fairest balance is struck by this formulation: "protocols and
   practices for which secure and scalable implementations are expected
   to have wide deployment and interoperation on the Internet, or to
   form part of the infrastructure of the Internet."

   In addition to this constraint, we are also constrained by the
   principle of competence: Where we do not have, and cannot gather, the
   competence needed to make technically sound standards, we should not
   attempt to take the leadership.

I must admit that I, like Dave, find the concept fascinating, and that 
existing protocols like the X Windows protocol may not be the right fit for 
your requirements, but the IETF is an organization that has traditionally 
run very far and fast away from any mention of the words "user interface", 
so it seems like a bit of a strange fit....

More background, please!

                 Harald


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Vlad.Stirbu@nokia.com wrote:
> 3. Why this cannot be done with existing protocol?
> 
> Existing protocols can be split in two categories: framebuffer-level and
> graphics-level protocols.
> 
> In the framebuffer-level protocol, the contents of the framebuffer (i.e. the
> individual pixels) are copied across the network to a framebuffer on the client.
> In order to avoid sending the full screen every time something changed on the
> screen, these protocols typically send only the pixels that are changed inside
> the clipping regions to the client. Examples of such protocols are VNC and
> protocols based on T.120, like Microsoft's RDP.
> 
> In the graphics-level protocol, the drawing request to the graphical device
> interface (GDI), such as DrawLine(), DrawString(), etc. are copied across the
> network. The client is responsible for interpreting these commands and
> rendering the lines, rectangles, strings, etc. in its framebuffer. Example of
> such protocol is X Windows.

Framebuffer-level protocols can be viewed as a special case of graphics-level
protocols where the drawing commands are restricted to bitblt-like commands.

> The problem with these approaches is that, in order to render the UI, the
> clients are following blindly the instructions received from the server;
> they don't have means to influence the appearance of the UI, they just
> render the UI using the graphical elements/instructions that are provided
> by the server and are specific to the server platform.

Having the UI adapt to a look-and-feel appropriate to the client device
(and user's preferences) doesn't automatically imply that it has to be
the client that does this adaptation. The client could send the server a
description of the preferred L&F. The advantage of this is that it allows
clients to be much simpler, putting the complexity on the server which is
likely to have more memory, processing power, etc.

-- 
David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood@blueyonder.co.uk>


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Folks,


Since his name was taken in vain (vein?), Dave will proffer his own answer's 
to Harald's questions.  (OK, I'll admit it.  I'd be offering this response 
even if Harald hadn't referenced me.)


> - What expertise do you see that the IETF has (and other groups do not 
> have) that makes it the right body to work on this set of issues?

This is an effort to specify an open, platform-independent method of 
maintaining remote display objects, called widgets.  The application-level 
object-maintenance protocol that is described in 
<http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-stirbu-lrdp-00.txt> is very nicely 
simple.

This means that the real work of pursuing such a service covers the 
network-based mechanics of connectivity, reliability, security, and so on.

That's a set of activities about which the IETF has better experience than 
anywhere else.


> - What importance to the Internet does this work have that makes it a 
> correct use of IETF resources?

(I'm still working on my understanding of where this work fits, among a range 
of higher- and lower-level work, as well as work that might be called 
"competing" work. Therefore my response here is quite tentative.)

Existing open and deployed work has a focus either on the micro-behaviors of 
drawing graphics, or the macro-behavior of pure presentation.

The current work navigates space in between these two, creating and 
maintaining remote, user-visible "objects".  Hence it combines lessons learned 
from html, xml and object-oriented programming, into a specification of an 
object-oriented display and input environment, with presentation controlled by 
style templates.

Other comparable work is proprietary.


> I must admit that I, like Dave, find the concept fascinating, and that 
> existing protocols like the X Windows protocol may not be the right fit 
> for your requirements, but the IETF is an organization that has 
> traditionally run very far and fast away from any mention of the words 
> "user interface", so it seems like a bit of a strange fit....

Although formally valid, use of the term "user interface" for this work is 
entirely unnecessary.  At the least it is too broad. In fact it has pretty 
much nothing to do with human factors, cognitive science, or usability.

On looking at the proffered draft document, calling the proposal something 
mundane like "remote widget exchange service" would be more precise and, I 
suspect, far more helpful.


-- 
 
   d/

  Dave Crocker
  Brandenburg InternetWorking
  +1.408.246.8253
  dcrocker  a t ...
  WE'VE MOVED to:  www.bbiw.net

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From remoteui-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Jul 04 09:05:17 2005
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Hi David,

>=20
> Framebuffer-level protocols can be viewed as a special case=20
> of graphics-level
> protocols where the drawing commands are restricted to=20
> bitblt-like commands.
>=20

Yes, it is possible to have a graphics-level protocol with a restricted =
functionality that is matching that of framebuffer-level protocol but =
the overhead and the software and hardware complexity required are to =
high.

>=20
> Having the UI adapt to a look-and-feel appropriate to the=20
> client device
> (and user's preferences) doesn't automatically imply that it has to be
> the client that does this adaptation. The client could send=20
> the server a
> description of the preferred L&F. The advantage of this is=20
> that it allows
> clients to be much simpler, putting the complexity on the=20
> server which is
> likely to have more memory, processing power, etc.
>=20

Yes, you are right. For some simple devices you can do the customisation =
on the server side in order to reduce the complexity, but in that case =
it is probably best to use a framebuffer-level protocol rather than a =
widget-level one; these simple clients typically don't have a windowing =
system/widget set anyway.=20

The work proposed here is for advanced client devices that have their =
own windowing system and their own widget sets, i.e. desktop, laptop or =
tablet computers, PDAs or mobile phones. These devices have enough =
resources and the means to do the scaling and adaptation by themselves.

Vlad

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From remoteui-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Jul 04 11:13:06 2005
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From: saravanan t s <saravanants@tataelxsi.co.in>
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Hi Vlad & others

Just adding some opinions on this from my side, since I found this idea
interesting:

1. Even though today's clients are powerful enough to handle the widgets and
adaptation, maybe on the server side, certain computations and algos could
be clubbed to reduce the load on the pda's and other devices. The extra
resources (maybe read "power") on the pda's and other devices could be used
for adding additional features (or maybe extending battery life?)

2. How many look and feel "standards" or maybe "UI Languages" the server can
support? Does this imply that there will be only a limited set of L&F that
can be supported by the server and rendered on the client? Will this be a
limitation for different devices (talking of embedded) having different
levels of needs on widgets (qualitatively: very simple to quite complex)?

3. On the other hand, there may be one more advantage to have clients send
the description of the L&F sent to the server & server managing the client
based on its description - is it possible that the bandwidth will be used
more efficiently than the existing protocols that seem to achieve similar
purposes for the end user?

Regards,
Saravanan T S

>-----Original Message-----
>From: ietf-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ietf-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
>David Hopwood
>Sent: Friday, July 01, 2005 5:05 PM
>To: ietf@ietf.org; remoteui@ietf.org
>Subject: Re: Remote UI BoF at IETF63
>
>
>Vlad.Stirbu@nokia.com wrote:
>> 3. Why this cannot be done with existing protocol?
>>
>> Existing protocols can be split in two categories:
>framebuffer-level and
>> graphics-level protocols.
>>
>> In the framebuffer-level protocol, the contents of the
>framebuffer (i.e. the
>> individual pixels) are copied across the network to a
>framebuffer on the client.
>> In order to avoid sending the full screen every time
>something changed on the
>> screen, these protocols typically send only the pixels that
>are changed inside
>> the clipping regions to the client. Examples of such
>protocols are VNC and
>> protocols based on T.120, like Microsoft's RDP.
>>
>> In the graphics-level protocol, the drawing request to the
>graphical device
>> interface (GDI), such as DrawLine(), DrawString(), etc. are
>copied across the
>> network. The client is responsible for interpreting these
>commands and
>> rendering the lines, rectangles, strings, etc. in its
>framebuffer. Example of
>> such protocol is X Windows.
>
>Framebuffer-level protocols can be viewed as a special case of
>graphics-level
>protocols where the drawing commands are restricted to
>bitblt-like commands.
>
>> The problem with these approaches is that, in order to
>render the UI, the
>> clients are following blindly the instructions received from
>the server;
>> they don't have means to influence the appearance of the UI,
>they just
>> render the UI using the graphical elements/instructions that
>are provided
>> by the server and are specific to the server platform.
>
>Having the UI adapt to a look-and-feel appropriate to the client device
>(and user's preferences) doesn't automatically imply that it has to be
>the client that does this adaptation. The client could send
>the server a
>description of the preferred L&F. The advantage of this is
>that it allows
>clients to be much simpler, putting the complexity on the
>server which is
>likely to have more memory, processing power, etc.
>
>--
>David Hopwood <david.nospam.hopwood@blueyonder.co.uk>
>
>
>_______________________________________________
>Ietf mailing list
>Ietf@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ietf
>



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From remoteui-bounces@lists.ietf.org Mon Jul 04 11:21:08 2005
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Hi Harald,

I have to recognise that the name choice for this effort was not =
entirely appropriate as it drags the spotlight on the "user interface" =
while leaving the "remoting" unfairly in the shadows.

> - What expertise do you see that the IETF has (and other=20
> groups do not=20
> have) that makes it the right body to work on this set of issues?

With the risk of repeating what Dave already mentioned, I have to point =
out that in the process of remoting a ui two entities (i.e. the server =
and the client) are exchanging information about display objects (i.e. =
widgets) over *the network*.

As there are other bodies that have the experience on defining what =
display objects are needed and what is their behaviour, the aim of this =
effort is to develop an open, platform-independent mechanism of creating =
and maintaining remote display objects and the focus should be on the =
network-based mechanisms covering the connectivity, reliability, =
security, etc., on which the IETF has the best experience around.

> - What importance to the Internet does this work have that makes it a=20
> correct use of IETF resources?

Broadband and wireless technology will enable more and more "smart" =
devices (i.e. Internet tablets, PDAs, mobile phones, PCs, etc.) to be =
connected to the Internet. Soon the proliferation of these devices will =
make them the most numerous device "category" on the Internet and their =
users will want to interact remotely, for various reasons, with =
applications that are not hosted on the devices; thus, making this =
effort fit within IETF's scope "protocols and practices for which secure =
and scalable implementations are expected to have wide deployment and =
interoperation on the Internet, or to form part of the infrastructure of =
the Internet."=20

Vlad


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Hi,

> -----Original Message-----
> From: ietf-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ietf-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
> ext saravanan t s
> Sent: 04 July, 2005 18:06
> To: ietf@ietf.org; remoteui@ietf.org
> Subject: RE: Remote UI BoF at IETF63
>=20
>=20
> Hi Vlad & others
>=20
> Just adding some opinions on this from my side, since I found=20
> this idea
> interesting:
>=20
> 1. Even though today's clients are powerful enough to handle=20
> the widgets and
> adaptation, maybe on the server side, certain computations=20
> and algos could
> be clubbed to reduce the load on the pda's and other devices.=20
> The extra
> resources (maybe read "power") on the pda's and other devices=20
> could be used
> for adding additional features (or maybe extending battery life?)
>=20

Talking about power saving, I think that the most important feature that =
we have here is that the application logic is run entirely in the server =
side. This thing will definitely save power and also will reduce the =
software complexity of the client. If the client supports widgets =
natively it will use them anyway to render the UI regardless the =
adaptation is done on the server side or not.

Lets not forget that the servers also are not having unlimited resources =
and it would be nice to use the resources where they are available (i.e. =
clients with native widgets).

> 2. How many look and feel "standards" or maybe "UI Languages"=20
> the server can
> support? Does this imply that there will be only a limited=20
> set of L&F that
> can be supported by the server and rendered on the client?=20
> Will this be a
> limitation for different devices (talking of embedded) having=20
> different
> levels of needs on widgets (qualitatively: very simple to=20
> quite complex)?
>=20

The protocol should be UI language independent and I believe that it =
will not add "technical" constraints on the server side, those will be =
rather of "business" nature.

>From the protocol point of view the UI is just a collection of widgets. =
Now it is up to the widgets to be very simple or complex.

> 3. On the other hand, there may be one more advantage to have=20
> clients send
> the description of the L&F sent to the server & server=20
> managing the client
> based on its description - is it possible that the bandwidth=20
> will be used
> more efficiently than the existing protocols that seem to=20
> achieve similar
> purposes for the end user?
>=20

I think that by sending widget description over the wire you already use =
the bandwidth more efficiently than existing protocols (i.e. =
framebuffer-level or graphics-level) which tend to send more "screen =
captures" that in the end eats more bandwidth.

Even so, in the case of widget-level protocol, the client and server =
exchange information about look and feel during the "session setup" =
step. Please have a look at the proposed protocol draft here =
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-stirbu-lrdp-00.txt.

Vlad
=20

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From: saravanan t s <saravanants@tataelxsi.co.in>
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Subject: [REMOTEUI] RE: Remote UI BoF at IETF63
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Hi Vlad,

  Thanks for the reply.
  I will now go through the draft for a better understanding.

Regards,
Saravanan T S

>-----Original Message-----
>From: ietf-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ietf-bounces@ietf.org]On Behalf Of
>Vlad.Stirbu@nokia.com
>Sent: Tuesday, July 05, 2005 1:31 PM
>To: saravanants@tataelxsi.co.in; ietf@ietf.org; remoteui@ietf.org
>Subject: RE: Remote UI BoF at IETF63
>
>
>Hi,
>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: ietf-bounces@ietf.org [mailto:ietf-bounces@ietf.org]On 
>Behalf Of
>> ext saravanan t s
>> Sent: 04 July, 2005 18:06
>> To: ietf@ietf.org; remoteui@ietf.org
>> Subject: RE: Remote UI BoF at IETF63
>> 
>> 
>> Hi Vlad & others
>> 
>> Just adding some opinions on this from my side, since I found 
>> this idea
>> interesting:
>> 
>> 1. Even though today's clients are powerful enough to handle 
>> the widgets and
>> adaptation, maybe on the server side, certain computations 
>> and algos could
>> be clubbed to reduce the load on the pda's and other devices. 
>> The extra
>> resources (maybe read "power") on the pda's and other devices 
>> could be used
>> for adding additional features (or maybe extending battery life?)
>> 
>
>Talking about power saving, I think that the most important 
>feature that we have here is that the application logic is run 
>entirely in the server side. This thing will definitely save 
>power and also will reduce the software complexity of the 
>client. If the client supports widgets natively it will use 
>them anyway to render the UI regardless the adaptation is done 
>on the server side or not.
>
>Lets not forget that the servers also are not having unlimited 
>resources and it would be nice to use the resources where they 
>are available (i.e. clients with native widgets).
>
>> 2. How many look and feel "standards" or maybe "UI Languages" 
>> the server can
>> support? Does this imply that there will be only a limited 
>> set of L&F that
>> can be supported by the server and rendered on the client? 
>> Will this be a
>> limitation for different devices (talking of embedded) having 
>> different
>> levels of needs on widgets (qualitatively: very simple to 
>> quite complex)?
>> 
>
>The protocol should be UI language independent and I believe 
>that it will not add "technical" constraints on the server 
>side, those will be rather of "business" nature.
>
>>From the protocol point of view the UI is just a collection 
>of widgets. Now it is up to the widgets to be very simple or complex.
>
>> 3. On the other hand, there may be one more advantage to have 
>> clients send
>> the description of the L&F sent to the server & server 
>> managing the client
>> based on its description - is it possible that the bandwidth 
>> will be used
>> more efficiently than the existing protocols that seem to 
>> achieve similar
>> purposes for the end user?
>> 
>
>I think that by sending widget description over the wire you 
>already use the bandwidth more efficiently than existing 
>protocols (i.e. framebuffer-level or graphics-level) which 
>tend to send more "screen captures" that in the end eats more 
>bandwidth.
>
>Even so, in the case of widget-level protocol, the client and 
>server exchange information about look and feel during the 
>"session setup" step. Please have a look at the proposed 
>protocol draft here 
>http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft->stirbu-lrdp-00.txt.
>
>Vlad
> 
>
>_______________________________________________
>Ietf mailing list
>Ietf@ietf.org
>https://www1.ietf.org/mailman/listinfo/ietf
>


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> Talking about power saving, I think that the most important feature that we 
 > have here is that the application logic is run entirely in the server side.
 > This thing will definitely save power and also will reduce the software
 > complexity of the client.

on the other hand, having all the semantics on the server means that there 
will be a higher interaction rate with the server.  More network traffic and 
therefore the client will be doing more network i/o.

that takes power.



> I think that by sending widget description over the wire you already use 
 > the bandwidth more efficiently than existing protocols (i.e.
 > ramebuffer-level or graphics-level) which tend to send more
 > "screen captures" that in the end eats more bandwidth.

right.


-- 
 
   d/

  Dave Crocker
  Brandenburg InternetWorking
  +1.408.246.8253
  dcrocker  a t ...
  WE'VE MOVED to:  www.bbiw.net

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From remoteui-bounces@lists.ietf.org Fri Jul 22 02:47:05 2005
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Subject: [REMOTEUI] Proposed Agenda for BoF at IETF 63 
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I've posted (and will update as appropriate) a draft agenda for the 
Remote UI BOF at:

	http://www.softarmor.com/rui/meets/ietf63/agenda.html

Note that the RUI supplementary web page at

	http://www.softarmor.com/rui/

currently has related information.


Please provide feedback about the agenda ASAP.

The draft agenda follows:

	Agenda Bashing, 5 min
	Introduction & Background information, 10 min
	W3C Multimodal Interaction Work, Dave Raggett, 10 min
	Discussion: Problem Statement, 20 min
	Discussion: Possible Solutions, 15 min
	Discussion: Deliverables, 20 min
		Requirements Doc
		Framework Doc
		Protocol Doc(s)
	Next Steps/WG Charter (10 min)

--
Dean Willis
BOF cochair


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Date: Fri, 22 Jul 2005 16:07:48 +0200
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Subject: [REMOTEUI] Input for BoF session
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Hi,

since i will not be able to participate at the BoF in Paris the week after
next week, here some input for the session:

(1) I welcome the effort on developing a ui exchange protocol for
facilitation of remote uis across platforms.

(2) The protocol should also work across multiple modalities of user
interfaces and their input and output components, e.g. graphical, auditory,
or tactile output or any combination of these.  Therefore the protocol
should talk about "ui components" rather than "widgets".  UI components (or
interactors) are modality-independent, but are of course rendered in a
specific way on a specific system.

(3) Example use case: A user starts an interaction with a ticket sales
service from their mobile phone by using the graphical user interface of the
service.  Then the user enters a car and drives away, continuing the
interaction by using voice only.

(4) A couple of references may be useful for this development effort:

* The upcoming V2-URC (Universal Remote Console) standard which defines a
set of modality-neutral interactors (defined in a "Presentation Template").
www.myurc.com.

* The XForms 1.0 form controls,
http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/REC-xforms-20031014/slice8.html.

Have a good session in Paris,
Gottfried

___________________________________________________
 
 Gottfried Zimmermann, Ph.D.
 Phone +49 7121 790806
 ICT Systems Architect under contract for:
 Trace R&D Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison
___________________________________________________


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