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Section 6.6.6 of draft-ietf-bfd-base-00.txt states:=20

Else if bfd.SessionState is Failing=20
  If I Hear You is zero, set bfd.SessionState to Down

However, unless I'm missing something, the draft does not appear to =
describe what happens if bfd.SessionState is Failing and:

- The sink/destination receives a BFD packet
- The source receives a BFD packet with a nonzero I Hear You

Should the node transition to the init state?

Thanks,
Richard



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Tue Feb  1 05:29:17 2005
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Date: Tue, 01 Feb 2005 18:19:39 +0800
From: zhaisuping <zhaisuping@huawei.com>
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I think that Fail state is redundant,the state machine can be simplified as following:

       H(1)
 |-------------->|
 |   H(0)   H(1) |
init--->down--->up
         |  H(0) |
         |<------|

Should this can be simple?

Regards
suping zhai
>Section 6.6.6 of draft-ietf-bfd-base-00.txt states: 
>
>Else if bfd.SessionState is Failing 
>  If I Hear You is zero, set bfd.SessionState to Down
>
>However, unless I'm missing something, the draft does not appear to describe what happens if bfd.SessionState is Failing and:
>
>- The sink/destination receives a BFD packet
>- The source receives a BFD packet with a nonzero I Hear You
>
>Should the node transition to the init state?
>
>Thanks,
>Richard





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From: Jeffrey Haas <jhaas@nexthop.com>
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Richard,

On Tue, Feb 01, 2005 at 08:11:38AM -0000, richard.spencer@bt.com wrote:
> Section 6.6.6 of draft-ietf-bfd-base-00.txt states: 
> 
> Else if bfd.SessionState is Failing 
>   If I Hear You is zero, set bfd.SessionState to Down
> 
> However, unless I'm missing something, the draft does not appear to describe what happens if bfd.SessionState is Failing and:
> 
> - The sink/destination receives a BFD packet
> - The source receives a BFD packet with a nonzero I Hear You

In section 6.1:

   Once a session has been declared down, it cannot come back up until
   the remote end first signals that it is down (by setting its outgoing
   I Hear You field to zero), thus implementing a three-way handshake.

Thus the failing state is meant to wait until the other side has timed out.

We transition to the Failing state upon packet reception like this:

      Else if bfd.SessionState is Up
          If I Hear You is zero
              Set bfd.LocalDiag to 3 (Neighbor signaled session down)
              Set bfd.SessionState to Failing
              Set bfd.RemoteHeard to 0

Or similarly upon a timeout:

   If Demand mode is not active, and a period of time equal to the
   Detection Time passes without receiving a BFD Control packet from the
   remote system, and bfd.SessionState is Init or Up, the session has
   gone down--the local system MUST set bfd.SessionState to Failing,
   bfd.RemoteHeard to zero, and bfd.LocalDiag to 1 (Control Detection
   Time Expired.)  The timeout in Init state is to avoid a potential
   deadlock in which one system is in Failing state and the other is in
   Init state (which could happen if a packet were lost at the right
   time.)


The system will then begin transmitting packets with "I Hear You" of 0,
which will cause the remote system to tear down the connection.

Similarly, when using echo packets:

   BFD Echo packets MUST NOT be transmitted when bfd.SessionState is not
   Up.  BFD Echo packets MUST NOT be transmitted unless the last BFD
   Control packet received from the remote system contains a nonzero
   value in Required Min Echo RX Interval.

Hopefully this helps.

> Richard

-- 
Jeff Haas 
NextHop Technologies



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Feb  2 17:00:58 2005
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On Wed, Feb 02, 2005 at 12:29:23PM -0000, richard.spencer@bt.com wrote:
> Therefore, it seems to me that whilst A->B connectivity is lost, Node B will remain permanently in the Failing state, whilst Node A will loop continuously though the Failing, Down, Init states. Is this correct or am I missing something?

Correct.  By analogy, this isn't much worse (given the fallback to a 1
second timer for sending packets) than something like BGP transitioning
through it's statemachine.

It is up to an implementation whether it wants to leave a BFD instance
running on a session that is otherwise down for a long period of time.
For example, if BFD was supporting OSPF, then one could presume an 
implementation would delete the BFD instance for a given pair of peers
until the OSPF hello protocol noticed that the session was up again.

> Also, the only exit criteria described for the Failing state is as follows:
> 
> Else if bfd.SessionState is Failing
>    If I Hear You is zero, set bfd.SessionState to Down
> 
> What happens if just after entering the Failing state (due to detection timeout as in the previous example), connectivity A->B is restored and Node B receives a BFD packet from node A with a I Hear You of nonzero? This would occur if node A (whilst still in the Up state) sends a BFD packet to node B before it receives the BFD failure notification from Node B (with H bit set to 0 and Diag set to 1).

This isn't any different than B saying that it wishes to tear the connection
down.  The state machine could go through the usual motions of restoring
the connection, but B would do so starting from the failing state and would
have to wait for A to acknowledge it.

> Richard

-- 
Jeff Haas 
NextHop Technologies



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From: Dave Katz <dkatz@juniper.net>
Date: Wed, 2 Feb 2005 14:40:18 -0800
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Subject: Re: Transition from failing state
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On Feb 2, 2005, at 12:52 PM, Jeffrey Haas wrote:

> On Wed, Feb 02, 2005 at 12:29:23PM -0000, richard.spencer@bt.com wrote:
>> Therefore, it seems to me that whilst A->B connectivity is lost, Node 
>> B will remain permanently in the Failing state, whilst Node A will 
>> loop continuously though the Failing, Down, Init states. Is this 
>> correct or am I missing something?
>
> Correct.  By analogy, this isn't much worse (given the fallback to a 1
> second timer for sending packets) than something like BGP transitioning
> through it's statemachine.
>
> It is up to an implementation whether it wants to leave a BFD instance
> running on a session that is otherwise down for a long period of time.
> For example, if BFD was supporting OSPF, then one could presume an
> implementation would delete the BFD instance for a given pair of peers
> until the OSPF hello protocol noticed that the session was up again.

Yep, in the case of one-way connectivity, this is what will happen.  
Given that the only "interesting" transition is Up->Failing (or 
perhaps, in limited cases, Init->Up) the machinations of the state 
machine hurt nobody.  One could indeed claim that they are useful;  in 
particular, timing out of Init state carries useful semantics.

>
>> Also, the only exit criteria described for the Failing state is as 
>> follows:
>>
>> Else if bfd.SessionState is Failing
>>    If I Hear You is zero, set bfd.SessionState to Down
>>
>> What happens if just after entering the Failing state (due to 
>> detection timeout as in the previous example), connectivity A->B is 
>> restored and Node B receives a BFD packet from node A with a I Hear 
>> You of nonzero? This would occur if node A (whilst still in the Up 
>> state) sends a BFD packet to node B before it receives the BFD 
>> failure notification from Node B (with H bit set to 0 and Diag set to 
>> 1).
>
> This isn't any different than B saying that it wishes to tear the 
> connection
> down.  The state machine could go through the usual motions of 
> restoring
> the connection, but B would do so starting from the failing state and 
> would
> have to wait for A to acknowledge it.

Indeed.  The intent of the state machine is to make sure both sides 
*always* know that the session has failed.  If it takes a couple of 
extra packets to get the session going again in some relatively unusual 
instances, that's no big deal (and not worth the complexity to try to 
optimize it out.)

--Dave




From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Feb  2 20:49:26 2005
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Date: Thu, 03 Feb 2005 09:40:03 +0800
From: zhaisuping <zhaisuping@huawei.com>
To: "rtg-bfd@ietf.org" <rtg-bfd@ietf.org>
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So nobody response the following question?


I think that Fail state is redundant,the state machine can be simplified as following:

       H(1)
 |-------------->|
 |   H(0)   H(1) |
init--->down--->up
         |  H(0) |
         |<------|

Should this can be simple?

Regards
suping zhai
>Section 6.6.6 of draft-ietf-bfd-base-00.txt states: 
>
>Else if bfd.SessionState is Failing 
>  If I Hear You is zero, set bfd.SessionState to Down
>
>However, unless I'm missing something, the draft does not appear to describe what happens if bfd.SessionState is Failing and:
>
>- The sink/destination receives a BFD packet
>- The source receives a BFD packet with a nonzero I Hear You
>
>Should the node transition to the init state?
>
>Thanks,
>Richard





From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Feb  3 01:42:27 2005
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From: Dave Katz <dkatz@juniper.net>
Date: Wed, 2 Feb 2005 22:33:33 -0800
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Subject: Re: Transition from failing state
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The problem with this approach is that it is possible to flap one side 
of the session without the other side knowing.  That is why there is a 
three-way handshake for both session establishment and session failure 
(and thus four states.)

--Dave

On Feb 2, 2005, at 5:40 PM, zhaisuping wrote:

> So nobody response the following question?
>
>
> I think that Fail state is redundant,the state machine can be 
> simplified as following:
>
>        H(1)
>  |-------------->|
>  |   H(0)   H(1) |
> init--->down--->up
>          |  H(0) |
>          |<------|
>
> Should this can be simple?
>
> Regards
> suping zhai
>> Section 6.6.6 of draft-ietf-bfd-base-00.txt states:
>>
>> Else if bfd.SessionState is Failing
>>  If I Hear You is zero, set bfd.SessionState to Down
>>
>> However, unless I'm missing something, the draft does not appear to 
>> describe what happens if bfd.SessionState is Failing and:
>>
>> - The sink/destination receives a BFD packet
>> - The source receives a BFD packet with a nonzero I Hear You
>>
>> Should the node transition to the init state?
>>
>> Thanks,
>> Richard
>
>
>




From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Feb  3 01:44:24 2005
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From: Dave Katz <dkatz@juniper.net>
Date: Wed, 2 Feb 2005 22:36:29 -0800
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Looks like this never was replied to, sorry...

On Dec 6, 2004, at 7:00 AM, Chris Nogradi wrote:

> Hello, I have some BFD implementation questions:
>
> 1. Section 6.6.2 specifies in the last paragraph that a '... Control 
> packet
> with the Poll (P) bit clear and the Final (F) bit set...' MUST be sent 
> as a
> result of receiving a packet with the poll bit set.  And later, in 
> section
> 6.6.3, the 3rd paragraph states that if the intervals are changed, 
> '... all
> subsequent transmitted Control packets MUST be sent with the Poll (P) 
> bit set
> until a packet is received with the Final (F) bit set.'  It is not 
> clear to
> me how to implement these seemingly contradictory statements.

Good catch.  The statement that all packets have to be sent with Poll 
should not apply to packets being generated in response to a received 
Poll.  This will be fixed...

>
> 2.  While I am not sure that the document specifically states this, it 
> appears
> to me that the poll and final bits should only be set when in the up 
> state?

Yep.  Originally the P/F bits were only used when Demand Mode was 
active, which can only happen in Up state.  However, we leveraged P/F 
for parameter changes.  This should only apply in Up state.  Will be 
fixed...

--Dave




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From: Dave Katz <dkatz@juniper.net>
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On Feb 1, 2005, at 12:11 AM, <richard.spencer@bt.com> wrote:

> Section 6.6.6 of draft-ietf-bfd-base-00.txt states:
>
> Else if bfd.SessionState is Failing
>   If I Hear You is zero, set bfd.SessionState to Down
>
> However, unless I'm missing something, the draft does not appear to 
> describe what happens if bfd.SessionState is Failing and:
>
> - The sink/destination receives a BFD packet
> - The source receives a BFD packet with a nonzero I Hear You
>
> Should the node transition to the init state?

Nope, the whole point of Failing state is to wait there until IHU=0, 
thus ensuring that the other end has killed the session as well.  In 
the pseudocode in the spec, you simply fall through on that test and go 
on with the rest of the process.

--Dave
\




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From: Dave Katz <dkatz@juniper.net>
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Looks like this never was replied to, sorry...

On Dec 6, 2004, at 7:00 AM, Chris Nogradi wrote:

> Hello, I have some BFD implementation questions:
>
> 1. Section 6.6.2 specifies in the last paragraph that a '... Control 
> packet
> with the Poll (P) bit clear and the Final (F) bit set...' MUST be sent 
> as a
> result of receiving a packet with the poll bit set.  And later, in 
> section
> 6.6.3, the 3rd paragraph states that if the intervals are changed, 
> '... all
> subsequent transmitted Control packets MUST be sent with the Poll (P) 
> bit set
> until a packet is received with the Final (F) bit set.'  It is not 
> clear to
> me how to implement these seemingly contradictory statements.

Good catch.  The statement that all packets have to be sent with Poll 
should not apply to packets being generated in response to a received 
Poll.  This will be fixed...

>
> 2.  While I am not sure that the document specifically states this, it 
> appears
> to me that the poll and final bits should only be set when in the up 
> state?

Yep.  Originally the P/F bits were only used when Demand Mode was 
active, which can only happen in Up state.  However, we leveraged P/F 
for parameter changes.  This should only apply in Up state.  Will be 
fixed...

--Dave




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Date: Thu, 3 Feb 2005 08:42:40 +0100
From: Carlos Garcia Braschi <cgbraschi@gmail.com>
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Subject: static routes and eBGP specifications for BFD
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Hi,

I have just re-read most of the archives on the list and haven't found
more about BFD for eBGP and static routes that it has been called for
and that is included in the WG charter. Unfortunately, those would be
our most needed usages for this mechanism.

Is support for them going to be added to the 1hop/multihop draft
anytime soon? Are there any difficulties associated with
drafting/implementing it? eBGP does not seem very different from OSPF
/ IS-IS implementation.
Are the drafts going to be un-expired soon?

Regards,
						Carlos.
--
Telefonica Empresas



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Feb  3 02:48:27 2005
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comments on the BFD mechanism for MPLS application:

1.may the detection type add the FEC_Mismatch in MPLS application?

we can do so by adding some fiels,for example FEC Filter as in Y.1713 to BFD control packet.


2.can the BFD development the mechanism to notify the defect to the far end of the LSP, I mean when the nested
LSP has a defect, how the upper LSP know the defect?

I think a way to solve this problem is that, when LSP is setup, record some information for this use is ok. So when nested LSP is wrong, it can be notified to the upper LSP layer through the BFD packet, in which I Hear You is 0, and Diag is 7(administratively down).

welcome the further discuss.
best regards,
suping
>On Feb 1, 2005, at 12:11 AM, <richard.spencer@bt.com> wrote:
>
>> Section 6.6.6 of draft-ietf-bfd-base-00.txt states:
>>
>> Else if bfd.SessionState is Failing
>>   If I Hear You is zero, set bfd.SessionState to Down
>>
>> However, unless I'm missing something, the draft does not appear to 
>> describe what happens if bfd.SessionState is Failing and:
>>
>> - The sink/destination receives a BFD packet
>> - The source receives a BFD packet with a nonzero I Hear You
>>
>> Should the node transition to the init state?
>
>Nope, the whole point of Failing state is to wait there until IHU=0, 
>thus ensuring that the other end has killed the session as well.  In 
>the pseudocode in the spec, you simply fall through on that test and go 
>on with the rest of the process.
>
>--Dave
>\





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On Thu, 3 Feb 2005, Carlos Garcia Braschi wrote:
> Is support for them going to be added to the 1hop/multihop draft
> anytime soon? Are there any difficulties associated with
> drafting/implementing it? eBGP does not seem very different from OSPF
> / IS-IS implementation.
> Are the drafts going to be un-expired soon?

I submitted some text which was hashed over on the mailing list, so I 
think (hope!) the status is "going to be included in the next 
revision".

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings



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On Thu, 3 Feb 2005 09:53:30 +0200 (EET), Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi> wrote:
> On Thu, 3 Feb 2005, Carlos Garcia Braschi wrote:
> > Is support for them going to be added to the 1hop/multihop draft
> > anytime soon? Are there any difficulties associated with
> > drafting/implementing it? eBGP does not seem very different from OSPF
> > / IS-IS implementation.
> > Are the drafts going to be un-expired soon?
> 
> I submitted some text which was hashed over on the mailing list, so I

Thanks for the answer.

I have been reading through all the archives but were not able to find
anything more about eBGP and static than the discussions about the
charter.

The archives of the mailing list are empty from June to September,
perhaps was it discussed then and later the archive got lost? (I
thought it was just lack of activity, but other quiet months do at
least have the monthly reminder).

> think (hope!) the status is "going to be included in the next
> revision".
>



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Subject: State machine diagram & alarm generation
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Dave, Jeff,

Sorry for the delay in responding to your comments.=20

First of all, thank you for taking the time to clarify the state =
machine. Do you think it would be worthwhile adding a state machine =
diagram to the base document to provide clarification? I think this =
would help anyone reading the draft for the first time understand the =
state transitions without having to methodically work through the =
If/Then statements.

Regarding my comments about looping through the Failing, Down, Init =
states whilst a unidirectional failure exists, my concern is from an =
alarm perspective. If an implementation is configured to raise an alarm =
upon entering the Failing state, then it may continuously send out =
alarms as it loops through the various states. If we had a tunnel LSP =
failure that was carrying thousands of PWs, each running VCCV BFD, then =
this would be a lot of unnecessary alarms to deal with. Obviously this =
could be avoided by requiring that the implementation only raises an =
alarm when transitioning from the up state to the Failing state (not =
Init to Failing state). Do you know how alarms are raised in current BFD =
implementations?

Also, in the MPLS case an alarm should only be raised if an FDI/AIS =
hasn't been received from an underlying server layer, Therefore, on =
entering the Failing defect state (if this is indeed when an alarm is =
raised) then a node should wait a couple of seconds to see if it gets an =
FDI before raising an alarm.

The issue of raising alarms is not covered in the current draft, other =
than saying "The exact action taken when the session state changes is =
outside the scope of this specification, though it is expected that this =
state change (particularly to and from Up state) is reported to other =
components of the system." Perhaps this is seen as an implementation =
issue? However, in a multivendor environment, alarms must be generated =
in a consistent manner across different boxes. If there is no intention =
to address the issue of when alarms should be raised within the current =
BFD drafts, are there plans to cover this issue elsewhere in a separate =
draft, e.g. something like a BFD best practices draft?

Thanks,
Richard

> -----Original Message-----
> From: Dave Katz [mailto:dkatz@juniper.net]
> Sent: 02 February 2005 22:40
> To: Jeffrey Haas
> Cc: rtg-bfd@ietf.org; dward@cisco.com; Spencer,R,Richard,XDE R
> Subject: Re: Transition from failing state
>=20
>=20
>=20
> On Feb 2, 2005, at 12:52 PM, Jeffrey Haas wrote:
>=20
> > On Wed, Feb 02, 2005 at 12:29:23PM -0000,=20
> richard.spencer@bt.com wrote:
> >> Therefore, it seems to me that whilst A->B connectivity is=20
> lost, Node=20
> >> B will remain permanently in the Failing state, whilst Node A will=20
> >> loop continuously though the Failing, Down, Init states. Is this=20
> >> correct or am I missing something?
> >
> > Correct.  By analogy, this isn't much worse (given the=20
> fallback to a 1
> > second timer for sending packets) than something like BGP=20
> transitioning
> > through it's statemachine.
> >
> > It is up to an implementation whether it wants to leave a=20
> BFD instance
> > running on a session that is otherwise down for a long=20
> period of time.
> > For example, if BFD was supporting OSPF, then one could presume an
> > implementation would delete the BFD instance for a given=20
> pair of peers
> > until the OSPF hello protocol noticed that the session was up again.
>=20
> Yep, in the case of one-way connectivity, this is what will happen. =20
> Given that the only "interesting" transition is Up->Failing (or=20
> perhaps, in limited cases, Init->Up) the machinations of the state=20
> machine hurt nobody.  One could indeed claim that they are=20
> useful;  in=20
> particular, timing out of Init state carries useful semantics.
>=20
> >
> >> Also, the only exit criteria described for the Failing state is as=20
> >> follows:
> >>
> >> Else if bfd.SessionState is Failing
> >>    If I Hear You is zero, set bfd.SessionState to Down
> >>
> >> What happens if just after entering the Failing state (due to=20
> >> detection timeout as in the previous example),=20
> connectivity A->B is=20
> >> restored and Node B receives a BFD packet from node A with=20
> a I Hear=20
> >> You of nonzero? This would occur if node A (whilst still in the Up=20
> >> state) sends a BFD packet to node B before it receives the BFD=20
> >> failure notification from Node B (with H bit set to 0 and=20
> Diag set to=20
> >> 1).
> >
> > This isn't any different than B saying that it wishes to tear the=20
> > connection
> > down.  The state machine could go through the usual motions of=20
> > restoring
> > the connection, but B would do so starting from the failing=20
> state and=20
> > would
> > have to wait for A to acknowledge it.
>=20
> Indeed.  The intent of the state machine is to make sure both sides=20
> *always* know that the session has failed.  If it takes a couple of=20
> extra packets to get the session going again in some=20
> relatively unusual=20
> instances, that's no big deal (and not worth the complexity to try to=20
> optimize it out.)
>=20
> --Dave
>=20
>=20



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From: Jeffrey Haas <jhaas@nexthop.com>
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Subject: Re: State machine diagram & alarm generation
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Richard,

On Sat, Feb 12, 2005 at 08:38:37AM -0000, richard.spencer@bt.com wrote:
> First of all, thank you for taking the time to clarify the state
> machine. Do you think it would be worthwhile adding a state machine
> diagram to the base document to provide clarification?

I'll let the authors answer, but it sounds useful to me. :-)

> Regarding my comments about looping through the Failing, Down,
> Init states whilst a unidirectional failure exists, my concern is
> from an alarm perspective.

The proposed MIB had covered this particular issue.  The MIB authors
are waiting on the base specification authors before they republish.

(This is a reminder to everyone that the time left to submit drafts
prior to the next IETF is rapdily dwindling.)

>From the MIB:

bfdSessUp NOTIFICATION-TYPE
   OBJECTS     { bfdSessDiag, -- low range value
                 bfdSessDiag  -- high range value
   }
   STATUS      current
   DESCRIPTION
       "This notification is generated when the
        bfdSessState object for one or more contiguous
        entries in bfdSessTable are about to enter the up(2)
        state from some other state. The included values of
        bfdSessDiag MUST both be set equal to this
        new state (i.e: up(1)).  The two instances of 
        bfdSessDiag in this notification indicate the range 
        of indexes that are affected.  Note that all the indexes 
        of the two ends of the range can be derived from the
        instance identifiers of these two objects.  For
        cases where a contiguous range of sessions
        have transitioned into the up(1) state at roughly
        the same time, the device SHOULD issue a single
        notification for each range of contiguous indexes in
        an effort to minimize the emission of a large number
        of notifications.  If a notification has to be
        issued for just a single bfdSessEntry, then
        the instance identifier (and values) of the two
        bfdSessDiag objects MUST be the identical."
   ::= { bfdNotifications 1 }

bfdSessDown NOTIFICATION-TYPE
   OBJECTS     { bfdSessDiag, -- low range value
                 bfdSessDiag  -- high range value
   }
   STATUS      current
   DESCRIPTION
       "This notification is generated when the
        bfdSessState object for one or more contiguous
        entries in bfdSessTable are about to enter the down(4)
        or adminDown(5) states from some other state. The included 
        values of bfdSessDiag MUST both be set equal to this
        new state (i.e: down(4) or adminDown(5)).  The two instances 
        of bfdSessDiag in this notification indicate the range 
        of indexes that are affected.  Note that all the indexes 
        of the two ends of the range can be derived from the
        instance identifiers of these two objects.  For
        cases where a contiguous range of sessions
        have transitioned into the down(4) or adminDown(5) states 
        at roughly the same time, the device SHOULD issue a single
        notification for each range of contiguous indexes in
        an effort to minimize the emission of a large number
        of notifications.  If a notification has to be
        issued for just a single bfdSessEntry, then
        the instance identifier (and values) of the two
        bfdSessDiag objects MUST be the identical."
   ::= { bfdNotifications 2 }


> If an implementation is configured to
> raise an alarm upon entering the Failing state, then it may
> continuously send out alarms as it loops through the various states.

The events in BFD that are of primary use are the transitions in
and out of the up state.  While an implementation might have some
valid use for transitions amongst other states, I suspect that
most wont.  To provide a similar example, the SNMP notification
events for BGP's state machine theoretically cover any state transition
from a higher numbered state to a lower numbered state.  In practice,
this just generates unnecessary events.  Several implementations will
only send these events when a transition occurs out of Established.

> However, in a multivendor environment,
> alarms must be generated in a consistent manner across different
> boxes. If there is no intention to address the issue of when alarms
> should be raised within the current BFD drafts, are there plans to
> cover this issue elsewhere in a separate draft, e.g. something like
> a BFD best practices draft?

Do you think that addressing this outside the MIB is appropriate?  If
so, perhaps you could propose some text.

> Richard

-- 
Jeff Haas 
NextHop Technologies



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On Feb 14, 2005, at 9:20 AM, Jeffrey Haas wrote:

> Richard,
>
> On Sat, Feb 12, 2005 at 08:38:37AM -0000, richard.spencer@bt.com wrote:
>> First of all, thank you for taking the time to clarify the state
>> machine. Do you think it would be worthwhile adding a state machine
>> diagram to the base document to provide clarification?
>
> I'll let the authors answer, but it sounds useful to me. :-)

I can try to add some ASCII art, but it would probably be more 
straightforward to just add a brief paragraph describing the state 
machine, which is really quite simple.  I'll give that a shot first.  
(Working on the next rev...)

--Dave




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From: Bob Albrightson <albright@cisco.com>
To: Dave Katz <dkatz@juniper.net>
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Subject: Re: State machine diagram & alarm generation
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> 
> On Feb 14, 2005, at 9:20 AM, Jeffrey Haas wrote:
> 
> > Richard,
> >
> > On Sat, Feb 12, 2005 at 08:38:37AM -0000, richard.spencer@bt.com wrote:
> >> First of all, thank you for taking the time to clarify the state
> >> machine. Do you think it would be worthwhile adding a state machine
> >> diagram to the base document to provide clarification?
> >
> > I'll let the authors answer, but it sounds useful to me. :-)
> 
> I can try to add some ASCII art, but it would probably be more 
> straightforward to just add a brief paragraph describing the state 
> machine, which is really quite simple.  I'll give that a shot first.  
> (Working on the next rev...)
> 
> --Dave
> 

This is something I cooked up a while ago.  Let me know if there are
any issues with it.

 -bob



                          BFD state diagram


                                                     +------------+
                    Rx_IHY = 1                       |            |
      +--------------------------------------------->|     UP     |
      |                                              |            |
      |                                              +------------+
      |                                               |    ^
      |                                               |    |
+------------+ Detection +------------+   Rx_IHY=0   /     |
|            |  Expired  |            |<------------+      |
|    INIT    |---------->|   FAILING  |                    | Rx_IHY = 1
|            |           |            |-------------+      |
+------------+           +------------+   Rx_IHY=0   \     |
      |                     ^      |                  |    |
      |                     +------+                  v    |
      |                     Rx_IHY=1                 +------------+
      |                                              |            |
      +--------------------------------------------->|    DOWN    |
                    Rx_IHY = 0                       |            |
                                                     +------------+



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> Hi,
> 
Sorry for the wide distribution.

> The draft: draft-ietf-bfd-base-01.txt has expired and so I can not
> get a copy of it. I will be thankful if someone mails it across to
> me.
> 
> Regards,
> Bikram.
> 



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From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Feb 17 04:24:56 2005
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To: Bikram Kumar (Bikram) Gupta <bgupta@lucent.com>
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I'm working on an updated draft.  Should be out in a few days.

--Dave

On Feb 16, 2005, at 8:06 PM, Gupta, Bikram Kumar (Bikram) wrote:

>> Hi,
>>
> Sorry for the wide distribution.
>
>> The draft: draft-ietf-bfd-base-01.txt has expired and so I can not
>> get a copy of it. I will be thankful if someone mails it across to
>> me.
>>
>> Regards,
>> Bikram.
>>
>




From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Feb 17 05:01:29 2005
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From: "Thomas D. Nadeau" <tnadeau@cisco.com>
Date: Thu, 17 Feb 2005 10:56:44 +0100
To: "Gupta, Bikram Kumar (Bikram)" <bgupta@lucent.com>
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Subject: Re: Need a copy of the draft: draft-ietf-bfd-base-0x.txt 
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	I spoke with one of the co-chairs yesterday
who is in the process of refreshing all of
the BFD WG drafts.

	--Tom

>> Hi,
>>
> Sorry for the wide distribution.
>
>> The draft: draft-ietf-bfd-base-01.txt has expired and so I can not
>> get a copy of it. I will be thankful if someone mails it across to
>> me.
>>
>> Regards,
>> Bikram.
>>
>



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Feb 17 06:17:10 2005
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From: Bob Albrightson <albright@cisco.com>
To: richard.spencer@bt.com
In-Reply-To: Your message of Thu, 17 Feb 2005 07:31:02 -0000
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Subject: RE: State machine diagram & alarm generation
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> Bob,
> 
>  
> 
> Thanks, I think it would be useful to add this diagram to the
> draft. One minor point is that the arrow between Down and Init is
> pointing towards Down, this should be reversed to describe the state
> change from Down to Init on receipt of a packet with IHY = 0 rather
> than the other way round. Also:
> 
>  
> 
> 1. I think it would be worth adding the text "Or Detection Expired"
> where it says "Rx_IHY = 0" above the arrow pointing from Up to
> Failing (to describe the state change to Failing from Up on
> Detection Time expiration).
> 
>  
> 
> 2. It would be good to have a loop back arrow to/from the Init state
> on receipt of BFD packets with IHY = 0 (similar to the loop on the
> failing state for IHY = 1).

Thanks for the comments.  Here is the new ascii art.

 -bob

                          BFD state diagram


                                                        Rx_IHY=1
                                                        +------+
                                                        |      v
                                                     +------------+
                    Rx_IHY = 1                       |            |
      +--------------------------------------------->|     UP     |
      |                                              |            |
      |                                   Detection  +------------+
      |                                    Expired    |    ^
      |                                      or       |    |
+------------+ Detection +------------+   Rx_IHY=0   /     |
|            |  Expired  |            |<------------+      |
|    INIT    |---------->|   FAILING  |                    | Rx_IHY = 1
|            |--+        |            |-------------+      |
+------------+  |        +------------+   Rx_IHY=0   \     |
      ^  ^      |           ^      |                  |    |
      |  +------+           +------+                  v    |
      |  Rx_IHY=0           Rx_IHY=1                 +------------+
      |                                              |            |
      +----------------------------------------------|    DOWN    |
                    Rx_IHY = 0                       |            |
                                                     +------------+



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Subject: Call for submissions for IETF 62
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The BFD working group will be meeting at IETF 62.  We have a one hour time
slot.

This is a call for agenda items.  Please make sure you have a draft
posted in the internet-drafts repository and draw the working group's
attention to that draft via the mail list prior to the meeting.

All current working group work items are expected to be refreshed prior
to the meeting.

-- 
Jeff Haas 
NextHop Technologies



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I've posted updated specs for the BFD base, one hop, and multihop docs 
to the secretariat, just in the nick of time (as usual.)  Hopefully 
I've satisfied all of the latest boilerplate requirements so the docs 
don't get rejected.  Should show up in the next couple of days.

--Dave1 (for Dave2)




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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Bidirectional Forwarding Detection Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: BFD For MPLS LSPs
	Author(s)	: R. Aggarwal, et al.
	Filename	: draft-ietf-bfd-mpls-01.txt
	Pages		: 10
	Date		: 2005-2-21
	
One desirable application of Bi-directional Forwarding Detection
   (BFD) is to detect a MPLS LSP data plane failure. LSP-Ping is an
   existing mechanism for detecting MPLS data plane failures and for
   verifying the MPLS LSP data plane against the control plane. BFD can
   be used for the former, but not for the latter. However the control
   plane processing required for BFD control packets is relatively
   smaller than the processing required for LSP-Ping messages. A
   combination of LSP-Ping and BFD can be used to provide faster data
   plane failure detection and/or make it possible to provide such
   detection on a greater number of LSPs. This document describes the
   applicability of BFD in relation to LSP-Ping for this application. It
   also describes procedures for using BFD in this environment.

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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Bidirectional Forwarding Detection Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: BFD for IPv4 and IPv6 (Single Hop)
	Author(s)	: D. Katz, D. Ward
	Filename	: draft-ietf-bfd-v4v6-1hop-01.txt
	Pages		: 11
	Date		: 2005-2-22
	
This document describes the use of the Bidirectional Forwarding
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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Bidirectional Forwarding Detection Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: BFD for Multihop Paths
	Author(s)	: D. Katz, D. Ward
	Filename	: draft-ietf-bfd-multihop-01.txt
	Pages		: 6
	Date		: 2005-2-22
	
This document describes the use of the Bidirectional Forwarding
   Detection protocol (BFD) over multihop paths, including
   unidirectional links.

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A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the Bidirectional Forwarding Detection Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: Bidirectional Forwarding Detection
	Author(s)	: D. Katz, D. Ward
	Filename	: draft-ietf-bfd-base-01.txt
	Pages		: 43
	Date		: 2005-2-22
	
This document describes a protocol intended to detect faults in the
   bidirectional path between two forwarding engines, including
   interfaces, data link(s), and to the extent possible the forwarding
   engines themselves, with potentially very low latency.  It operates
   independently of media, data protocols, and routing protocols.
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From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Feb 23 20:05:21 2005
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Date: Thu, 24 Feb 2005 09:05:50 +0800
From: zhaisuping <zhaisuping@huawei.com>
To: "rtg-bfd@ietf.org" <rtg-bfd@ietf.org>
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I have submitted a draft as=
 draft-suping-bfd-mpls-fecmismatch-00.txt, in which some changed=
 to BFD protocol is proposed. Any comments are welcome. thank you=
 in advance.=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1

Best Regards,
zhaisuping@huawei.com
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Tel: +86-10-82882695
Fax: +86-10-82882537
2005-02-24








From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Feb 23 20:30:16 2005
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Cc: David Ward <dward@cisco.com>, Dave Katz <dkatz@juniper.net>
Subject: Comments on draft-suping-bfd-mpls-fecmismatch-00.txt
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	I have reviewed draft-suping-bfd-mpls-fecmismatch-00.txt
and have some comments regarding this draft.

	Editorial:

	The draft isn't well put together in that the
document doesn't read very well, and the details
of what it is trying to accomplish are scarce.

	Technical:

		The whole basis of the document is that of
performing incoming FEC validation based on
the premise that invalid packets can arrive
and be processed at an incorrect router. There
are two problems with this as specified in
the draft. First, you already get FEC validation
with BFD/MPLS by virtue of the fact that a session
exists only to service a particular FEC. This session
is bound to a unique session identification once
established. For MPLS this is explained in the BFD/MPLS
draft for bootstrapping sessions. Given that each
session is set up for a particular FEC, if
a router receives a packet for a BFD session that
doesn't exist (or has been removed), the FEC
is by virtue invalid and should be dropped/ignored
(see the security sections in the BFD base drafts).

	The second problem I have with this approach
is that if you disagree with my assumption that
sessions are only set up for valid sessions, and
believe that they can be falsely set up, this is
where the security sections of the BFD base drafts
come in. There are ways of doing the full
"belts and suspenders" approach to setting up sessions
and maintaining their ongoing validity which I think
guarantees that things are established exactly
and only exactly as desired, and stay that way.

	The final technical issue I have with the document
is that it is based on ITU Y.1713, which is based on
ITU recommendation Y.1711. If we take a close look at
the scope section of the updated version of Y.1711,
we will find that the protocol is limited to
connection-oriented network constructs ONLY. For
MPLS this means that it ONLY applies to
MPLS-TE LSPs and possibly things that can ride
over those LSPs (i.e.: pseudowires that use
a TE LSP between PEs).  It also means that since
Y.1713 is based on Y.1711, it inherits its scoped
limitations as well.

	Given the three technical issues I raised above,
which I think are major and limiting, I don't
see a good reason to go and modify the BFD header
to accommodate this approach, as is what the draft
further specifies. Even if points 1 and 2 are addressed,
the fact that the scope of the approach outlined
is severely limited, I can't see anything here
that gives enough motivation for going and having to
repair all of the existing implementations of BFD
to facilitate it.

	--Tom



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Feb 23 21:52:09 2005
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From: Jeffrey Haas <jhaas@nexthop.com>
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It would appear that at least 3 of our core documents have cleared the
Internet-Drafts people:  The base draft, single hop v4/v6, MPLS LSP.

There is an independent submission targeted towards some changes to the
BFD protocol.  I would like to request that the working group take a first
pass at commenting on this proposal.  If WG discussion warrants it, we'll
allocate a timeslot at the upcoming meeting for further discussion.

----- Forwarded message from Internet-Drafts@ietf.org -----

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X-OriginalArrivalTime: 18 Feb 2005 21:04:54.0180 (UTC) FILETIME=[7E6B5640:01C515FD]

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.


	Title		: BFD Extensions for MPLS FEC mismatch detection
	Author(s)	: Z. Suping
	Filename	: draft-suping-bfd-mpls-fecmismatch-00.txt
	Pages		: 6
	Date		: 2005-2-18
	
BFD mechanism [BFD] was original designed to detect failures in 
   communication with a forwarding plane next hop. BFD operates on top 
   of any data protocol being forwarded between two systems. 

   This document describes how to use the BFD mechanism for detecting 
   the MPLS FEC mismatch. The proposal is based on the FEC mismatch
   mechanism of ITU-T Y.1713. 

   The proposed solution covers the mpls network when use BFD as the
   fault detection mechanism.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-suping-bfd-mpls-fecmismatch-00.txt

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----- End forwarded message -----

-- 
Jeff Haas 
NextHop Technologies



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From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
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Subject: ttl and authentication [Re: I-D
	ACTION:draft-ietf-bfd-multihop-01.txt]
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Hi,

On Tue, 22 Feb 2005 Internet-Drafts@ietf.org wrote:
> 	Title		: BFD for Multihop Paths
> 	Author(s)	: D. Katz, D. Ward
> 	Filename	: draft-ietf-bfd-multihop-01.txt
> 	Pages		: 6
> 	Date		: 2005-2-22

There was one particularly unnerving change in -01:

5. TTL/Hop Count Issues

    If BFD authentication is not in use, all BFD Control packets for
    sessions operating according to this specification MUST be sent with
    a TTL or Hop Count value of 255.  All received BFD Control packets
    that are demultiplexed to sessions operating according to this
    specification MUST be discarded if the received TTL or Hop Count is
    not equal to 255.  A discussion of this mechanism can be found in
    [GTSM].

    If BFD authentication is in use, any value of TTL/Hop Count MAY be
    used in transmitted packets, and received packets MUST NOT be
    discarded based on the received TTL/Hop Count.

.. this is _not good_, depending on the definition of "BFD 
authentication is in use".

If I interpret this correctly, the routers can not simply drop BFD 
session which are sent to the router with a bogus TTL and bogus 
authentication (e.g., wrong password) based on the TTL check?

For single hop scenarios, I don't see the reason to omit checking for 
TTL or to send any other TTL than 255.  Please elaborate or put it 
back in ASAP :).

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Wed Feb 23 22:48:49 2005
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From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
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Subject: other comments for single-hop bfd [Re: I-D
	ACTION:draft-ietf-bfd-v4v6-1hop-01.txt]
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Hi,

A couple of other comments for the single hop bfd spec:

- the text for supporting single-hop static routes and eBGP was 
discussed previously on the list.  This is not included in -01. Was 
this just forgotten (as the draft was submitted at the last minute), 
or was there a particular reason for excluding these ?

- the last sentence of the following text is not factually correct:

    Note that it is possible in some failure scenarios for the network to
    be in a state such that the IGP comes up, but the BFD session cannot
    be established, and, more particularly, data cannot be forwarded.
    To avoid this situation, it would be beneficial to not allow the IGP
    to establish a neighbor/adjacency.  However, this would preclude the
    operation of the IGP in an environment in which not all systems
    support BFD.

.. in fact it would preclude the operation of the IGP in the 
particular BFD-enabled _interface_.  The text seems to be implying 
that having BFD would be an IGP domain-wide toggle like IS-IS 
authentication.  But in reality, it is an interface toggle, so this 
argument is irrelevant.


Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Feb 24 01:01:17 2005
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Date: Wed, 23 Feb 2005 10:56:55 -0800
From: Tanya Shastri <tanyas@cisco.com>
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Cc: Tanya Shastri <tanyas@cisco.com>
Subject: Session Deletion
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--------------040203090904090404000900
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Hi,

Session deletion has not been mentioned explicitly in the draft.

It is not clear to me whether Admin Down could be used for deletion.
So I am not sure which of the following is correct:
- Admin down should be treated as a transitionary state during session
   deletion (Putting a session in Admin Down leads to it being deleted).
- Admin down is a state that a session may be held in.

If Admin down is to be treated as a temporary state then the draft could
include a description on how to transition out of AdminDown state to
complete deletion of the session.
"TABLE 1" below should be valid i.e. Transition out of Admin Down state
or receiving IHY=0 from the other end or on Timer Expiry.

Possible events are: Create, IHY=0, IHY=1, GoAdminDown(Delete), GoAdminUp
TABLE 1: Finite State Machine Transition from Old State to New State,
on the above events. (Interesting cells have a *).
---------------------------------------------------------------------
New state -> |Deleted | Init  | Failing | Down   | UP    | AdminDown|
              |(session|       |         |        |       |          |
Old state    |does not|       |         |        |       |          |
    |         |exist)  |       |         |        |       |          |
    v         |        |       |         |        |       |          |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Deleted      |        |       | Create  |        |       |          |
(adj does    |        |       |         |        |       |          |
not exist)   |        |       |         |        |       |          |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Init         |        | IHY=0 |TimerExp |        | IHY=1 | GoAdminDn|
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Failing      |        |       | Create  | IHY=0  |       | GoAdminDn|
              |        |       | IHY=1   |        |       |          |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Down         |        | IHY=0 |         |        | IHY=1 | GoAdminDn|
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Up           |        |       | IHY=0   |        | IHY=1 | GoAdminDn|
              |        |       | TimerExp|        |       |          |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
AdminDown    |* IHY=0 |       |GoAdminUp|        |       |          |
              |TimerExp|       |         |        |       | IHY=1    |
--------------------------------------------------------------------|

If Admin down is to be treated as a state that a session may be held in
(not just to transition to deleted state) then an extra state may be
needed (Deleting) as shown in the state transition table below.
A session in deleting state could behave similiar to if it were in
AdminDown state (i.e. the diagnostic code could be set to Admin Down
in outgoing BFD control packets).

Possible events are: Create, IHY=0, IHY=1, Delete, GoAdminUp,
                      GoAdminDown(GoAdDn)
TABLE 2: Finite State Machine Transition from Old State to New State.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
New state->|Deleted | Init| Failing | Down   | UP    | Deleting | AdDn |
            |(session|     |         |        |       |          |      |
Old state  |does not|     |         |        |       |          |      |
    |       |exist)  |     |         |        |       |          |      |
    v       |        |     |         |        |       |          |      |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
Deleted    |        |     | Create  |        |       |          |GoAdDn|
(adj does  |        |     |         |        |       |          |      |
not exist) |        |     |         |        |       |          |      |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
Init       | Delete |IHY=0|TimerExp |        | IHY=1 |          |GoAdDn|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
Failing    |        |     | Create  | IHY=0  |       | Delete   |GoAdDn|
            |        |     | IHY=1   |        |       |          |      |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
Down       | Delete |IHY=0|         |        | IHY=1 |          |GoAdDn|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
Up         |        |     | IHY=0   |        | IHY=1 | Delete   |GoAdDn|
            |        |     | TimerExp|        |       |          |      |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
Deleting   |* IHY=0 |     |* Create |        |       |* IHY=1   |      |
            |TimerExp|     |         |        |       | GoAdminDn|      |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
AdminDown  |        |     |GoAdminUp|        |       |* Delete  |GoAdDn|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|

Please clarify deletion of a session and which (if) one of the above
approaches is correct.

Also I think it would help to have a state transition table like the ones
above or a state diagram (I guess that is in the works) to explain
section 6.6.6 in the draft.

Thanks,
Tanya



--------------040203090904090404000900
Content-Type: text/plain;
 name="bfd_session_delete.txt"
Content-Disposition: inline;
 filename="bfd_session_delete.txt"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit

Hi,

Session deletion has not been mentioned explicitly in the draft.

It is not clear to me whether Admin Down could be used for deletion.
I am not sure which of the following is correct:
- Admin down should be treated as a transitionary state during session
  deletion (Putting a session in Admin Down leads to it being deleted).
- Admin down is a state that a session may be held in

If Admin down is to be treated as a temporary state then the draft could
include a description on how to transition out of AdminDown state to 
complete deletion of the session. 
"TABLE 1" below should be valid i.e. Transition out of Admin Down state 
or receiving IHY=0 from the other end or on Timer Expiry.

Possible events are: Create, IHY=0, IHY=1, GoAdminDown(Delete), GoAdminUp
TABLE 1: Finite State Machine Transition from Old State to New State,
on the above events. (Interesting cells have an asterix).
---------------------------------------------------------------------
New state -> |Deleted | Init  | Failing | Down   | UP    | AdminDown|
             |(session|       |         |        |       |          |
Old state    |does not|       |         |        |       |          |
   |         |exist)  |       |         |        |       |          |
   v         |        |       |         |        |       |          |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Deleted      |        |       | Create  |        |       |          |
(adj does    |        |       |         |        |       |          |
not exist)   |        |       |         |        |       |          |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Init         |        | IHY=0 |TimerExp |        | IHY=1 | GoAdminDn|
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Failing      |        |       | Create  | IHY=0  |       | GoAdminDn|
             |        |       | IHY=1   |        |       |          |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Down         |        | IHY=0 |         |        | IHY=1 | GoAdminDn|
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Up           |        |       | IHY=0   |        | IHY=1 | GoAdminDn|
             |        |       | TimerExp|        |       |          |
---------------------------------------------------------------------
AdminDown    |* IHY=0 |       |GoAdminUp|        |       |          |
             |TimerExp|       |         |        |       | IHY=1    |
--------------------------------------------------------------------|

If Admin down is to be treated as a state that a session may be held in
(not just to transition to deleted state) then an extra state may be 
needed (Deleting?) as shown in the state transition table below. 
A session in deleting state could behave similiar to if it were in 
AdminDown state (i.e. set the diag bits to indicate Admin down).

Possible events are: Create, IHY=0, IHY=1, Delete, GoAdminUp, 
                     GoAdminDown(GoAdDn)
Table 2: Finite State Machine Transition from Old State to New State.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
New state->|Deleted | Init| Failing | Down   | UP    | Deleting | AdDn | 
           |(session|     |         |        |       |          |      |
Old state  |does not|     |         |        |       |          |      |
   |       |exist)  |     |         |        |       |          |      |
   v       |        |     |         |        |       |          |      |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
Deleted    |        |     | Create  |        |       |          |GoAdDn|
(adj does  |        |     |         |        |       |          |      | 
not exist) |        |     |         |        |       |          |      |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
Init	   | Delete |IHY=0|TimerExp |        | IHY=1 |          |GoAdDn|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
Failing    |        |     | Create  | IHY=0  |       | Delete   |GoAdDn| 
           |        |     | IHY=1   |        |       |          |      |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
Down	   | Delete |IHY=0|         |        | IHY=1 |          |GoAdDn|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
Up	   |        |     | IHY=0   |        | IHY=1 | Delete   |GoAdDn|
           |        |     | TimerExp|        |       |          |      |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
Deleting   |* IHY=0 |     |* Create |        |       |* IHY=1   |      |
           |TimerExp|     |         |        |       | GoAdminDn|      |
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
AdminDown  |        |     |GoAdminUp|        |       |* Delete  |GoAdDn|
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|

Please clarify deletion of a session and which (if) one of the above 
approaches is correct.

Also I think it would help to have a state transition table like the ones
above or a state diagram (I guess that is in the works) to explain 
section 6.6.6 in the draft.

Thanks,
Tanya



--------------040203090904090404000900--



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The base draft states that "A single BFD Control packet SHOULD be =
transmitted between normally scheduled transmissions when the contents =
of that packet would differ from those in the previously transmitted =
packet in order to more rapidly communicate a change in state."

In the case of state transitions from 'Down to Up or Init', and from 'Up =
to Failing' it is obvious that a BFD packet should be sent immediately =
(rather than waiting for the next scheduled transmission) because the =
IHY variable changes. However, what about state changes form 'Init to =
Up' and 'Failing to Down' where the IHY doesn't change? Do these result =
in BFD packets being sent immediately, or does the system wait until the =
next scheduled transmission? The answer to this question may be =
dependant on the bfd.LocalDiag field, the draft states that =
bfd.LocalDiag MUST be initialised to zero, and describes when it should =
be changed to reflect failure conditions. However, there is no =
information (or at least I can't find any) regarding when bfd.LocalDiag =
should be reset to 0.

The main reason behind asking this question is that following =
restoration of a unidirectional failure, if a BFD packet is not sent =
immediately following a state change from Failing to Down, then it would =
appear to me that it would be possible that a BFD session may never come =
back up and instead each side would loop through the Failing, Init, Down =
states. To use an example, lets say that at T=3D0 seconds, the =
unidirectional fault (A->B) is repaired, at this point node A is in the =
Down state and Node B is in the Failing state (to keep things simple, in =
this example one way delay =3D 100ms and processing time is not =
included) -

[A: Down, B: Failing]
T=3D0:   Connectivity in the direction A->B is restored
T=3D0.1: B reaches its next scheduled BFD transmission slot and sends a =
BFD packet to A
T=3D0.2: A receives the BFD packet from A with IHY set to 0 and changes =
from Down to Init
[A: Init, B: Failing]
T=3D0.2: A sends a BFD packet to B straight away
T=3D0.3: B receives the BFD packet from A with IHY set to 1 and ignores =
the packet (waits for IHY =3D 0)
T=3D0.5: A reaches its next scheduled BFD transmission slot and sends a =
BFD packet to B
T=3D0.6: B receives the BFD packet from A with IHY set to 1 and ignores =
the packet (waits for IHY =3D 0)
T=3D1.1: B reaches its next scheduled BFD transmission slot and sends a =
BFD packet to A
T=3D1.2: A receives the BFD packet from B with IHY set to 0 and drops =
the packet (waits for IHY =3D 1)
T=3D1.5: A reaches its next scheduled BFD transmission slot and sends a =
BFD packet to B
T=3D1.6: B receives the BFD packet from A with IHY set to 1 and ignores =
the packet (waits for IHY =3D 0)
T=3D2.1: B reaches its next scheduled BFD transmission slot and sends a =
BFD packet to A
T=3D2.2: A receives the BFD packet from B with IHY set to 0 and drops =
the packet (waits for IHY =3D 1)
T=3D2.5: A reaches its next scheduled BFD transmission slot and sends a =
BFD packet to B
T=3D2.6: B receives the BFD packet from A with IHY set to 1 and ignores =
the packet (waits for IHY =3D 0)
T=3D3.1: B reaches its next scheduled BFD transmission slot and sends a =
BFD packet to A
T=3D3.2: A receives the BFD packet from B with IHY set to 0, drops the =
packet, and changes from Init to Failing due to detection timeout
[A: Failing, B: Failing]
T=3D3.2: A sends a BFD packet to B straight away
T=3D3.3: B receives the BFD packet from A with IHY set to 0 and changes =
from Failing to Down
[A: Failing, B: Down]
T=3D3.5: A reaches its next scheduled BFD transmission slot and sends a =
BFD packet to B
T=3D3.6: B receives the BFD packet from A with IHY set to 0 and changes =
from Down to Init
[A: Failing, B: Init]
T=3D3.6: B sends a BFD packet to A straight away
T=3D3.7: A receives the BFD packet from B with IHY set to 1 and ignores =
the packet (waits for IHY =3D 0)
T=3D4.1: B reaches its next scheduled BFD transmission slot and sends a =
BFD packet to A
T=3D4.2: A receives the BFD packet from B with IHY set to 1 and ignores =
the packet (waits for IHY =3D 0)
T=3D4.5: A reaches its next scheduled BFD transmission slot and sends a =
BFD packet to B
T=3D4.6: B receives the BFD packet from A with IHY set to 0 and drops =
the packet (waits for IHY =3D 1)
T=3D5.1: B reaches its next scheduled BFD transmission slot and sends a =
BFD packet to A
T=3D5.2: A receives the BFD packet from B with IHY set to 1 and ignores =
the packet (waits for IHY =3D 0)
T=3D5.5: A reaches its next scheduled BFD transmission slot and sends a =
BFD packet to B
T=3D5.6: B receives the BFD packet from A with IHY set to 0 and drops =
the packet (waits for IHY =3D 1)
T=3D6.1: B reaches its next scheduled BFD transmission slot and sends a =
BFD packet to A
T=3D6.2: A receives the BFD packet from B with IHY set to 1 and ignores =
the packet (waits for IHY =3D 0)
T=3D6.5: A reaches its next scheduled BFD transmission slot and sends a =
BFD packet to B
T=3D6.6: B receives the BFD packet from A with IHY set to 0, drops the =
packet, and changes from Init to Failing due to detection timeout
[A: Failing, B: Failing]
T=3D6.6: B sends a BFD packet to A straight away
T=3D6.7: A receives the BFD packet from B with IHY set to 0 and changes =
from Failing to Down
[A: Down, B: Failing]

This loop would continue indefinitely, however, the loop would be =
avoided if a BFD packet was sent immediately following a state =
transition from Failing to Down, i.e. -

T=3D3.3: B receives the BFD packet from A with IHY set to 0 and changes =
from Failing to Down
[A: Failing, B: Down]
T=3D3.3: B sends a BFD packet to A straight away
T=3D3.4: A receives the BFD packet from B with IHY set to 0 and changes =
from Failing to Down
[A: Down, B: Down]
T=3D3.4: A sends a BFD packet to A straight away
T=3D3.5: B receives the BFD packet from A with IHY set to 0 and changes =
from Down to Init
[A: Down, B: Init]
T=3D3.5: B sends a BFD packet to A straight away
T=3D3.6: A receives the BFD packet from B with IHY set to 1 and changes =
from Down to Up
[A: Up, B: Init]
T=3D3.6: A sends a BFD packet to A straight away
T=3D3.7: B receives the BFD packet from A with IHY set to 1 and changes =
from Init to Up
[A: Up, B: Up]

Perhaps I have missed something or there is a mistake in the scenario I =
describe above. However, if not then it would appear to me that if BFD =
packets are sent between scheduled transmissions for 'Down to Up or =
Init', and 'Up to Failing' state transitions, then they must also be =
sent following a state transition from 'Failing to Down' to avoid a loop =
occurring.=20

Confirmation either way would be greatly appreciated.

Thanks,
Richard




From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Feb 24 01:16:31 2005
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Subject: Re: other comments for single-hop bfd [Re: I-D
	ACTION:draft-ietf-bfd-v4v6-1hop-01.txt]
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On Feb 23, 2005, at 12:25 PM, Pekka Savola wrote:

> Hi,
>
> A couple of other comments for the single hop bfd spec:
>
> - the text for supporting single-hop static routes and eBGP was 
> discussed previously on the list.  This is not included in -01. Was 
> this just forgotten (as the draft was submitted at the last minute), 
> or was there a particular reason for excluding these ?

Brain fart;  I had forgotten (the discussion was in July, and I'm 
reaching the age of senility.)

It does raise the question of whether we want to continue to add text 
into this document for other protocols, or whether it would be worth 
having additional documents to cover them so that this one can be put 
to bed.  I would prefer to avoid further significant technical changes 
to this doc and to have additional stuff be put into a separate one, in 
order to advance this stuff without too much more tinkering.  This 
should probably be discussed in Minneapolis.

>
> - the last sentence of the following text is not factually correct:
>
>    Note that it is possible in some failure scenarios for the network 
> to
>    be in a state such that the IGP comes up, but the BFD session cannot
>    be established, and, more particularly, data cannot be forwarded.
>    To avoid this situation, it would be beneficial to not allow the IGP
>    to establish a neighbor/adjacency.  However, this would preclude the
>    operation of the IGP in an environment in which not all systems
>    support BFD.
>
> .. in fact it would preclude the operation of the IGP in the 
> particular BFD-enabled _interface_.  The text seems to be implying 
> that having BFD would be an IGP domain-wide toggle like IS-IS 
> authentication.  But in reality, it is an interface toggle, so this 
> argument is irrelevant.

It is not irrelevant on multipoint media.  Perhaps it would more 
correctly read "...preclude the *correct* operation of the IGP..."  
It's not that it makes the IGP completely fail, but it can create 
large-scale black holes if the topology is particularly unlucky.  I 
could add the extra word if you feel strongly about it.

--Dave




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On Feb 23, 2005, at 12:15 PM, Pekka Savola wrote:

> If I interpret this correctly, the routers can not simply drop BFD 
> session which are sent to the router with a bogus TTL and bogus 
> authentication (e.g., wrong password) based on the TTL check?

I should have been a bit more specific here.  The intent was that an 
appropriately authenticated packet needn't be "authenticated" based on 
the TTL.  I don't quite understand your concern;  obviously if the 
packet fails authentication, it must be discarded, so it's not as 
though the MUST NOT language forces you to accept the packet.

Whether this change is gratuitous or not is a separate issue;  
regardless, I don't see it as dangerous.  I suppose "not good" could be 
equivalent to "gratuitous" but this doesn't rate an "ASAP."

>
> For single hop scenarios, I don't see the reason to omit checking for 
> TTL or to send any other TTL than 255.  Please elaborate or put it 
> back in ASAP :).

The reason I made this change is that the TTL hack isn't necessary when 
packets are authenticated, and I've never been thrilled with the TTL 
hack, and I'm concerned that the idea of "single hop" is somewhat 
fluid, so I wanted to make sure that BFD could work even if "single 
hop" and "TTL isn't decremented" aren't congruent.  There is no 
specific case that I can think of that would make this fail (though 
there have been ideas floated over the years about reaching into 
encapsulated packets and decrementing the TTL) but it left me somewhat 
queasy.

This is an incompatible change relative to the last draft, which also 
leaves me a bit queasy, but less queasy than the not making the change.

If there are strong feelings that this shouldn't change, I am happy to 
remove it.  I will make the language more specific in any case.

--Dave




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On Wed, 23 Feb 2005, Dave Katz wrote:
> On Feb 23, 2005, at 12:15 PM, Pekka Savola wrote:
>> If I interpret this correctly, the routers can not simply drop BFD session 
>> which are sent to the router with a bogus TTL and bogus authentication 
>> (e.g., wrong password) based on the TTL check?
>
> I should have been a bit more specific here.  The intent was that an 
> appropriately authenticated packet needn't be "authenticated" based on the 
> TTL.  I don't quite understand your concern;  obviously if the packet fails 
> authentication, it must be discarded, so it's not as though the MUST NOT 
> language forces you to accept the packet.

The concern is which is done first: TTL check or authentication check.

Compare the situation to BGP with MD5.  Folks can easily DoS a router 
by sending bogus MD5-signed BGP packets to spend all the CPU's 
computational resources.  Using TTL=255 check _first_ prevents this 
particular attack vector, except from the on-link neighbors.

The same argument seems to apply here.  Speaking as an operator who's 
using BFD, I will not be happy if the TTL is not checked first as this 
opens a resource exhaustion attack vector which could be easily 
prevented.

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings



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From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
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On Wed, 23 Feb 2005, Dave Katz wrote:
> It does raise the question of whether we want to continue to add text into 
> this document for other protocols, or whether it would be worth having 
> additional documents to cover them so that this one can be put to bed.  I 
> would prefer to avoid further significant technical changes to this doc and 
> to have additional stuff be put into a separate one, in order to advance this 
> stuff without too much more tinkering.  This should probably be discussed in 
> Minneapolis.

Right.  Obviously, I'm a proponent of putting it here (well, I asked 
if I should make it a separate draft back in July or so, but then it 
was felt ok to include it here).

>> .. in fact it would preclude the operation of the IGP in the particular 
>> BFD-enabled _interface_.  The text seems to be implying that having BFD 
>> would be an IGP domain-wide toggle like IS-IS authentication.  But in 
>> reality, it is an interface toggle, so this argument is irrelevant.
>
> It is not irrelevant on multipoint media.  Perhaps it would more correctly 
> read "...preclude the *correct* operation of the IGP..."  It's not that it 
> makes the IGP completely fail, but it can create large-scale black holes if 
> the topology is particularly unlucky.  I could add the extra word if you feel 
> strongly about it.

No, this clarification would also be misleading.  It would prevent the 
correct operation of the IGP *on that particular interface*.  So, you 
must enable BFD on all the systems you have adjacencies to on a 
multipoint link.

I'm not sure how common those multipoint links are (we certainly have 
only one with more than 1 neighbor with which we would like to run 
BFD; the most common are probably Ethernet IX's but folks don't run 
IGP there), so unless our setup differs radically from what's out 
there, this shouldn't be a problem.

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings



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Session deletion is an implementation detail that is outside the scope 
of the specification, as it does not affect interoperability (unless 
there's something I missed.)

We have made a conscious decision to define the spec in a way that 
guarantees interoperability but says as little as possible about 
implementation, partly because I happen to believe that implementation 
details have no place in standards, and partly because people tend to 
read too much into them and adversely impact interoperability.

--Dave

On Feb 23, 2005, at 11:56 AM, Tanya Shastri wrote:

> Hi,
>
> Session deletion has not been mentioned explicitly in the draft.




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On Feb 24, 2005, at 12:00 AM, Pekka Savola wrote:

> The concern is which is done first: TTL check or authentication check.
>
> Compare the situation to BGP with MD5.  Folks can easily DoS a router 
> by sending bogus MD5-signed BGP packets to spend all the CPU's 
> computational resources.  Using TTL=255 check _first_ prevents this 
> particular attack vector, except from the on-link neighbors.
>
> The same argument seems to apply here.  Speaking as an operator who's 
> using BFD, I will not be happy if the TTL is not checked first as this 
> opens a resource exhaustion attack vector which could be easily 
> prevented.

I guess I would counter that if the TTL check is the only thing 
protecting your infrastructure, then you have bigger problems.  
Filtering at the edge of your network has got to be the first line of 
defense.  Certainly there have got to be similar opportunities to hose 
things with other protocols for which a TTL check will not help.

--Dave




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On Thu, 24 Feb 2005, Dave Katz wrote:
>> The same argument seems to apply here.  Speaking as an operator who's using 
>> BFD, I will not be happy if the TTL is not checked first as this opens a 
>> resource exhaustion attack vector which could be easily prevented.
>
> I guess I would counter that if the TTL check is the only thing protecting 
> your infrastructure, then you have bigger problems.  Filtering at the edge of 
> your network has got to be the first line of defense.  Certainly there have 
> got to be similar opportunities to hose things with other protocols for which 
> a TTL check will not help.

That is correct, and in fact in our case, we do have filtering at the 
edge.

However, it is not clear which packets routers implementing BFD will 
demultiplex.  Are the BFD ports open to everyone -- i.e., are you 
requiring that all packets addressed to the any of the routers' 
addressed must be dropped at the borders (that's rather unreasonable 
approach IMHO)?  What if you want to run BFD with eBGP and you cannot 
be protected with border filtering?

All in all, if there is no strong reason to remove the TTL check, I'd 
strongly prefer to put it back in.

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings



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On Feb 24, 2005, at 12:06 AM, Pekka Savola wrote:

> On Wed, 23 Feb 2005, Dave Katz wrote:
>> It does raise the question of whether we want to continue to add text 
>> into this document for other protocols, or whether it would be worth 
>> having additional documents to cover them so that this one can be put 
>> to bed.  I would prefer to avoid further significant technical 
>> changes to this doc and to have additional stuff be put into a 
>> separate one, in order to advance this stuff without too much more 
>> tinkering.  This should probably be discussed in Minneapolis.
>
> Right.  Obviously, I'm a proponent of putting it here (well, I asked 
> if I should make it a separate draft back in July or so, but then it 
> was felt ok to include it here).

I guess this was overtaken by my slothfulness.  The question at hand 
now should be whether this document should be stalled for however long 
is necessary to incorporate it.  Assuming that it would require another 
IETF meeting to approve moving the document along the standards track, 
then it would seem to me that we should separate it out (assuming that 
this version is otherwise acceptable, modulo editorial issues.)  
Perhaps the WG chairs can step in and outline the pros and cons here.  
My apologies for letting this stuff slip by.

>
>>> .. in fact it would preclude the operation of the IGP in the 
>>> particular BFD-enabled _interface_.  The text seems to be implying 
>>> that having BFD would be an IGP domain-wide toggle like IS-IS 
>>> authentication.  But in reality, it is an interface toggle, so this 
>>> argument is irrelevant.
>>
>> It is not irrelevant on multipoint media.  Perhaps it would more 
>> correctly read "...preclude the *correct* operation of the IGP..."  
>> It's not that it makes the IGP completely fail, but it can create 
>> large-scale black holes if the topology is particularly unlucky.  I 
>> could add the extra word if you feel strongly about it.
>
> No, this clarification would also be misleading.  It would prevent the 
> correct operation of the IGP *on that particular interface*.  So, you 
> must enable BFD on all the systems you have adjacencies to on a 
> multipoint link.

Unfortunately, incorrect operation of the IGP on a single interface has 
network-wide implications (you can partition the network, for example.) 
  Network-wide correctness is predicated on node-by-node (and 
interface-by-interface) correctness.

>
> I'm not sure how common those multipoint links are (we certainly have 
> only one with more than 1 neighbor with which we would like to run 
> BFD; the most common are probably Ethernet IX's but folks don't run 
> IGP there), so unless our setup differs radically from what's out 
> there, this shouldn't be a problem.

It seems likely that someone will have a setup that differs from yours, 
either now or sometime in the future.

--Dave




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Date: Thu, 24 Feb 2005 01:54:44 -0700
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On Feb 24, 2005, at 12:39 AM, Pekka Savola wrote:

> However, it is not clear which packets routers implementing BFD will 
> demultiplex.  Are the BFD ports open to everyone -- i.e., are you 
> requiring that all packets addressed to the any of the routers' 
> addressed must be dropped at the borders (that's rather unreasonable 
> approach IMHO)?  What if you want to run BFD with eBGP and you cannot 
> be protected with border filtering?
>
> All in all, if there is no strong reason to remove the TTL check, I'd 
> strongly prefer to put it back in.
>

Let's put it a different way.  On first principles, if you are only 
willing to accept cryptographically authenticated packets from good 
guys, then cryptographic authentication has absolutely no value and you 
shouldn't use it at all (in which case you will have the TTL check.)

In general, there *must* be a spectrum of methods to protect against 
DoS attacks when cryptographic authentication is used (in any 
protocol), and these are likely to be adaptive and somewhat complex.  
BFD is *not* the only protocol with this issue, and given the direction 
things are going, there are only going to be more.


The metaproblem here is that specifications and operations are 
distinct.  When the spec says that you have to accept such packets, it 
is stated as such to provide a baseline of interoperability.  At some 
level, operationally, authentication is about consciously avoiding 
interoperation.  For example, in this case you could put a filter in 
place (outside of BFD) which discards all BFD packets received on the 
interface with TTL != 255.  This is is entirely equivalent to dropping 
it in the implementation (and is probably preferable if you're worried 
about DoS attacks, particularly if you filter in hardware.)  So is this 
somehow in violation of the spec as currently written?  Similarly, if 
an implementation provides a knob that provides this behavior within 
BFD, is that implementation broken?  I think we would agree that it is 
not.

The role of the spec has to be to provide as wide a range of 
interoperability as possible.  The MUST/MAY/SHOULD verbiage doesn't 
really give us the subtle gradations of meaning that are needed.  What 
I really want to say here is that an implementation has to be capable 
of accepting such packets, not that it has to under all circumstances 
and configurations.  I'm not sure how to say that.  I'd be happy to 
entertain suggestions.

Anyone who is familiar with my implementations knows that I view 
protocol specs liberally, so long as the box will interoperate fully 
with everybody else's.  In this particular case I wouldn't hesitate to 
add a knob to provide the behavior you desire, and would do so with a 
clear conscience.  I've always felt that the art of implementation is 
knowing what you can safely get away with.  But that's just me.

--Dave




From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Feb 24 04:35:09 2005
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From: Dave Katz <dkatz@juniper.net>
Date: Thu, 24 Feb 2005 02:33:59 -0700
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The loop is persistent only if you can guarantee that one system will 
always send two packets prior to receiving one from the other guy.  
This guarantee is hard to make unless the implementation always 
explicitly sends two packets back-to-back (and if an implementation 
does this, your suggestion will not change the outcome.)

Everything after that is probabilistic.  If this situation occurs, one 
side will time out of Init state and try again.  Then the dice are 
rolled once more.

The change you suggest may reduce the odds of this occurring somewhat, 
although it is worth noting that it is the "extra" packet that causes 
the problem in the first place, and additional "extra" packets may 
exacerbate the situation instead.  Note also that as the latency on the 
link increases, your change is less likely to work, as it is predicated 
on the opposite case, namely that exactly one packet is guaranteed to 
be sent, and one sent in return (a round trip time), prior to the 
second packet being sent.

The sedate rate at which packets are sent when the session isn't Up 
helps improve the odds as well.

I think there is no way out of this conundrum, particularly if the 
packet transmit rates are different on each side (getting rid of the 
"extra" packets entirely wouldn't even help.)  Distributed state 
establishment is a sloppy business.

One thing you point out is that the text is not clear as to when the 
state variables are to be initialized;  the answer is that they are 
initialized once when the session is created, and never again (the 
protocol machinery will tinker with the state as necessary as the 
session goes up and down.)  I'll add a little text to that effect.

--Dave


On Feb 22, 2005, at 5:10 PM, richard.spencer@bt.com wrote:

> In the case of state transitions from 'Down to Up or Init', and from 
> 'Up to Failing' it is obvious that a BFD packet should be sent 
> immediately (rather than waiting for the next scheduled transmission) 
> because the IHY variable changes. However, what about state changes 
> form 'Init to Up' and 'Failing to Down' where the IHY doesn't change? 
> Do these result in BFD packets being sent immediately, or does the 
> system wait until the next scheduled transmission? The answer to this 
> question may be dependant on the bfd.LocalDiag field, the draft states 
> that bfd.LocalDiag MUST be initialised to zero, and describes when it 
> should be changed to reflect failure conditions. However, there is no 
> information (or at least I can't find any) regarding when 
> bfd.LocalDiag should be reset to 0.




From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Feb 24 07:32:58 2005
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 Hi Tom:
 
 
 <you wrote>
  	The final technical issue I have with the document
 > is that it is based on ITU Y.1713, which is based on
 > ITU recommendation Y.1711. If we take a close look at
 > the scope section of the updated version of Y.1711,
 > we will find that the protocol is limited to
 > connection-oriented network constructs ONLY. For MPLS this 
 > means that it ONLY applies to MPLS-TE LSPs and possibly 
 > things that can ride over those LSPs (i.e.: pseudowires that 
 > use a TE LSP between PEs).  It also means that since Y.1713 
 > is based on Y.1711, it inherits its scoped limitations as well.
 
 This part of the analysis is flawed ....1713 is not limited 
 to P2P, it only uses general PDU design common to 1711. it 
 was designed primarily for LDP but like 1711 had problems 
 with PHP, which in this application would not be an issue. 
 (session ID stunt doubles for the label). 
 
 The FEC filter in 1713 which only needs to be ANDed with the 
 receiver expected value would be very consistent with the 
 minimalist approach in BFD. I had already considered 
 proposing this to eliminate the need for a periodic VCCV-PING 
 to check the control plane binding. And it would be more 
 authoritative than hoping that you did not have collisions in 
 the session discriminator space in conjunction with leakage...
 
 Dave
 
 
> 
> > 
> > 
> 



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On Feb 24, 2005, at 7:32 AM, David Allan wrote:

>
>  Hi Tom:
>
>
>  <you wrote>
>   	The final technical issue I have with the document
>> is that it is based on ITU Y.1713, which is based on
>> ITU recommendation Y.1711. If we take a close look at
>> the scope section of the updated version of Y.1711,
>> we will find that the protocol is limited to
>> connection-oriented network constructs ONLY. For MPLS this
>> means that it ONLY applies to MPLS-TE LSPs and possibly
>> things that can ride over those LSPs (i.e.: pseudowires that
>> use a TE LSP between PEs).  It also means that since Y.1713
>> is based on Y.1711, it inherits its scoped limitations as well.
>
>  This part of the analysis is flawed ....1713 is not limited
>  to P2P, it only uses general PDU design common to 1711. it
>  was designed primarily for LDP but like 1711 had problems
>  with PHP, which in this application would not be an issue.
>  (session ID stunt doubles for the label).
>
>  The FEC filter in 1713 which only needs to be ANDed with the
>  receiver expected value would be very consistent with the
>  minimalist approach in BFD. I had already considered
>  proposing this to eliminate the need for a periodic VCCV-PING
>  to check the control plane binding. And it would be more
>  authoritative than hoping that you did not have collisions in
>  the session discriminator space in conjunction with leakage...

	One of my points was that the filter is unnecessary (even if
it would work).  That seems like a more minimalist approach
to me. :P

	--Tom


>
>  Dave
>
>
>>
>>>
>>>
>>



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Feb 24 11:13:37 2005
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> 	One of my points was that the filter is unnecessary 
> (even if it would work).  

Amusing piece of FUD...

> That seems like a more minimalist 
> approach to me. :P

The suggestion would permit the elimination of 

"   It may be desirable to use LSP-Ping additionally for periodic 
   diagnostics in addition to BFD for fault detection on the same 
   PW [BFDMPLS]."

from VCCV as it could be condensed into one transaction....

Same applies to the phrase 

"   BFD cannot be used for verifying the MPLS control plane against the
   data plane.  "

in BFD for MPLS LSPs...

Dave



> 
> 	--Tom
> 
> 
> >
> >  Dave
> >
> >
> >>
> >>>
> >>>
> >>
> 
> 



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Feb 24 11:37:42 2005
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Date: Thu, 24 Feb 2005 10:28:32 -0600
From: David Ward <dward@cisco.com>
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	ACTION:draft-ietf-bfd-v4v6-1hop-01.txt]
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Dave, et al -

There should be a simple, 'how to bootstrap a BFD session and what to do
when you rx a BFD event' doc. The pros are that we don't have to increment
this doc every time we think about another protocol to interact w/ BFD, the
cons are that it is just about all contained in this doc. There are some 
nuances of IGP interaction but, for the most part  protocols/applications that
want to be dependent on  BFD as a forwarding failure detection, will have 
very generic interactions.

I am hoping that  the new draft will be  very, very short and not call out
each and every application, scenario or potential usage. If we keep it
generic, we can get it through the process much more quickly. If a protocol
or application actually has specific needs (e.g. LSPping), then it deserves
it's own draft/spec. I think Dave and I can crank this out very quickly.




-DWard 

On Thu, Feb 24, 2005 at 01:22:30AM -0700, Dave Katz wrote:
> 
> On Feb 24, 2005, at 12:06 AM, Pekka Savola wrote:
> 
> > On Wed, 23 Feb 2005, Dave Katz wrote:
> >> It does raise the question of whether we want to continue to add text 
> >> into this document for other protocols, or whether it would be worth 
> >> having additional documents to cover them so that this one can be put 
> >> to bed.  I would prefer to avoid further significant technical 
> >> changes to this doc and to have additional stuff be put into a 
> >> separate one, in order to advance this stuff without too much more 
> >> tinkering.  This should probably be discussed in Minneapolis.
> >
> > Right.  Obviously, I'm a proponent of putting it here (well, I asked 
> > if I should make it a separate draft back in July or so, but then it 
> > was felt ok to include it here).
> 
> I guess this was overtaken by my slothfulness.  The question at hand 
> now should be whether this document should be stalled for however long 
> is necessary to incorporate it.  Assuming that it would require another 
> IETF meeting to approve moving the document along the standards track, 
> then it would seem to me that we should separate it out (assuming that 
> this version is otherwise acceptable, modulo editorial issues.)  
> Perhaps the WG chairs can step in and outline the pros and cons here.  
> My apologies for letting this stuff slip by.



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On Thu, 24 Feb 2005 09:06:02 -0800 (PST), rtg-bfd-request@ietf.org
<rtg-bfd-request@ietf.org> wrote:
> Message: 5
> Date: Thu, 24 Feb 2005 10:28:32 -0600
> From: David Ward <dward@cisco.com>
> Subject: Re: other comments for single-hop bfd [Re: I-D
>         ACTION:draft-ietf-bfd-v4v6-1hop-01.txt]
> To: Dave Katz <dkatz@juniper.net>, dward@cisco.com
> Cc: rtg-bfd@ietf.org, Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
> Message-ID: <20050224102832.G4790@cfcentral.cisco.com>
> Content-Type: text/plain; charset=us-ascii
> 
> Dave, et al -
> 
> There should be a simple, 'how to bootstrap a BFD session and what to do
> when you rx a BFD event' doc. The pros are that we don't have to increment
> this doc every time we think about another protocol to interact w/ BFD, the
> cons are that it is just about all contained in this doc. There are some
> nuances of IGP interaction but, for the most part  protocols/applications that
> want to be dependent on  BFD as a forwarding failure detection, will have
> very generic interactions.
> 
> I am hoping that  the new draft will be  very, very short and not call out
> each and every application, scenario or potential usage. If we keep it
> generic, we can get it through the process much more quickly. If a protocol
> or application actually has specific needs (e.g. LSPping), then it deserves
> it's own draft/spec. I think Dave and I can crank this out very quickly.
> 

Seems like a good approach, although I'd favor publishing (in the same
or other drafts) the specific application of BFD 1hop to the specific
cases known today, OSPF, IS-IS, BGP, and static routes.

The text seems to exist already for most of them, and having a
separate draft for the nuances of each one of them seems to be quite
messy. And not having them seems to leave a door open for incompatible
implementaions...

Carlos.

> -DWard
>



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>> I am hoping that  the new draft will be  very, very short and not 
>> call out
>> each and every application, scenario or potential usage. If we keep it
>> generic, we can get it through the process much more quickly. If a 
>> protocol
>> or application actually has specific needs (e.g. LSPping), then it 
>> deserves
>> it's own draft/spec. I think Dave and I can crank this out very 
>> quickly.
>>
>
> Seems like a good approach, although I'd favor publishing (in the same
> or other drafts) the specific application of BFD 1hop to the specific
> cases known today, OSPF, IS-IS, BGP, and static routes.
>
> The text seems to exist already for most of them, and having a
> separate draft for the nuances of each one of them seems to be quite
> messy. And not having them seems to leave a door open for incompatible
> implementaions...

The problem is that folding it into the 1hop spec will delay 
progressing that spec for another four months, whereas we should be 
able to go to last call soon if we keep it separate.

Frankly, I think there's very little to say about the interworking of 
BFD with other protocols, and almost no opportunity for 
interoperability problems (since for the most part the spec will say 
"if BFD goes down, do the appropriate teardown procedure in the 
protocol".)  I forsee a few SHOULDs and not much else.

--Dave




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On Thu, Feb 24, 2005 at 11:22:41AM -0700, Dave Katz wrote:
> Frankly, I think there's very little to say about the interworking of 
> BFD with other protocols, and almost no opportunity for 
> interoperability problems (since for the most part the spec will say 
> "if BFD goes down, do the appropriate teardown procedure in the 
> protocol".)  I forsee a few SHOULDs and not much else.

I would tend to agree.  Also, it's likely that it would be up to
each WG to specify how their protocol utilizes BFD.

> --Dave

-- 
Jeff Haas 
NextHop Technologies



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On Thu, 24 Feb 2005, Dave Katz wrote:
> The problem is that folding it into the 1hop spec will delay progressing that 
> spec for another four months, whereas we should be able to go to last call 
> soon if we keep it separate.

There is procedurally no need to wait for the face-to-face meetings to 
go to last call.

It's (procedurally) entirely fine to revise the 1hop draft with BGP 
and static routes immediately after Minneapolis, and fire off a WG 
last call a week after that.

The chairs should judge the appropriate procedures, of course, but the 
spec getting delayed is (IMHO) not a concern here.

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings



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On Feb 24, 2005, at 11:37 AM, Pekka Savola wrote:

> On Thu, 24 Feb 2005, Dave Katz wrote:
>> The problem is that folding it into the 1hop spec will delay 
>> progressing that spec for another four months, whereas we should be 
>> able to go to last call soon if we keep it separate.
>
> There is procedurally no need to wait for the face-to-face meetings to 
> go to last call.
>
> It's (procedurally) entirely fine to revise the 1hop draft with BGP 
> and static routes immediately after Minneapolis, and fire off a WG 
> last call a week after that.
>
> The chairs should judge the appropriate procedures, of course, but the 
> spec getting delayed is (IMHO) not a concern here.

Fine with me if true.  Less typing on my part.  If the WG chairs could 
advise on parliamentary procedure that would be most appreciated.

--Dave




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On Thu, Feb 24, 2005 at 11:45:29AM -0700, Dave Katz wrote:
> >The chairs should judge the appropriate procedures, of course, but the 
> >spec getting delayed is (IMHO) not a concern here.
> 
> Fine with me if true.  Less typing on my part.  If the WG chairs could 
> advise on parliamentary procedure that would be most appreciated.

The business of the Working Group takes place on the mailing list.
The primary purpose of our meetings is to try to hash out issues
that take too much bandwidth to convey simply on a mailing list.

Several issues related to the most recent drafts have been raised on
the mailing list.  It would be to the authors' benefit to summarize
the issues and the relevant responses as part of their presentations
during the meeting.  This helps us with last call issues.

As for the static route/eBGP single hop items, placing them in the base
document is probably fine.  Static routes seem to be a reasonably simple
case.  

I'm vaguely concerned about BGP with regards to third party nexthops.
While this is unusual in practice (since most eBGP is over p2p
links) the protocol allows for it.  There's also the question as to
whether or not we have a BFD session to cover the transport session,
one for each discovered BGP Nexthop that is determined to be resolvable
(if different than the endpoints for the transport session).  There's
the further question as to how we handle the same issues when doing
multihop eBGP or whether we should worry about this case at all.

My personal inclination is that BGP has enough issues to warrant a
mini-draft.  

In all cases, when we involve a particular protocol that isn't BFD,
we require consensus with the group that owns the protocol.  This
further entangles us in last call issues.

> --Dave

-- 
Jeff Haas 
NextHop Technologies



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Zhai -

I'm having a difficult time trying to figure out what problem this
solves and how it is proposed to be employed.

Of the current proposed MPLS apps for BFD there's VCCV and LSP-Ping
initiated BFD sessions.  In both cases the FEC binding is established
before the BFD session comes up.  You have Source and Destination IP
addresses as well as the pair of discriminators.  This is sufficient to
ensure that any BFD packet you might accidentally intercept is unique.
So what extra value comes from the filter???

...George

========================================================================
George Swallow             Cisco Systems                  (978) 936-1398
                           1414 Massachusetts Avenue
                           Boxborough, MA 01719





From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Thu Feb 24 20:33:21 2005
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Date: Fri, 25 Feb 2005 09:33:50 +0800
From: zhaisuping <zhaisuping@huawei.com>
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welcome to comments. please see the inline below.
>Zhai -
>
>I'm having a difficult time trying to figure out what problem this
>solves and how it is proposed to be employed.
>
>Of the current proposed MPLS apps for BFD there's VCCV and LSP-Ping
>initiated BFD sessions.  In both cases the FEC binding is established
>before the BFD session comes up.  You have Source and Destination IP
>addresses as well as the pair of discriminators.  This is sufficient to
>ensure that any BFD packet you might accidentally intercept is unique.
>So what extra value comes from the filter???
>

1.Although  FEC binding is established before the BFD session 
comes up, but as in BFD session, the descriminators can be 
changed anytime, so some inconsistence can happen.

2. If the BFD is used to verify the data plane connectivity in 
mpls network, the LSP-Ping or VCCV must be used to check the 
control plane binding. If the FEC filter is used then the BFD
session can do this work, and it would be more authoritative than 
hoping that you did not have collisions in the session 
discriminator space in conjunction with leakage...






From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Feb 25 09:49:44 2005
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To: zhaisuping@huawei.com
In-reply-to: Your message of "Fri, 25 Feb 2005 09:33:50 +0800."
	<0ICG007FM1SW0Z@szxml01-in.huawei.com> 
From: George Swallow <swallow@cisco.com>
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Subject: Re: draft-suping-bfd-mpls-fecmismatch-00 questions 
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> 1.Although  FEC binding is established before the BFD session 
> comes up, but as in BFD session, the descriminators can be 
> changed anytime, so some inconsistence can happen.

But only the system that is demultiplexing (receiving) can change the
discriminator so how would an inconsistency happen?  Please give a
senario!

> 2. If the BFD is used to verify the data plane connectivity in 
> mpls network, the LSP-Ping or VCCV must be used to check the 
> control plane binding. If the FEC filter is used then the BFD
> session can do this work, and it would be more authoritative than 
> hoping that you did not have collisions in the session 
> discriminator space in conjunction with leakage...

Again, the receiving system is receiving based on IP address and
demultiplexing based on it's own assigned discriminator.  So how do
"collisions" occur?

...George

========================================================================
George Swallow             Cisco Systems                  (978) 936-1398
                           1414 Massachusetts Avenue
                           Boxborough, MA 01719



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Feb 25 10:03:55 2005
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Date: Fri, 25 Feb 2005 09:29:37 -0500
From: Jeffrey Haas <jhaas@nexthop.com>
To: zhaisuping <zhaisuping@huawei.com>
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Zhai,

On Fri, Feb 25, 2005 at 09:33:50AM +0800, zhaisuping wrote:
> 2. If the BFD is used to verify the data plane connectivity in 
> mpls network, the LSP-Ping or VCCV must be used to check the 
> control plane binding. If the FEC filter is used then the BFD
> session can do this work, and it would be more authoritative than 
> hoping that you did not have collisions in the session 
> discriminator space in conjunction with leakage...

BFD is meant for detecting whether or not bi-directional forwarding
is working.  LSP-Ping can use BFD to verify that connectivity is
continuous. 

Wouldn't LSP-Ping (or VCCV) be a more appropriate place to do this
filter verification?

-- 
Jeff Haas 
NextHop Technologies



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Feb 25 10:13:58 2005
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On Feb 24, 2005, at 8:33 PM, zhaisuping wrote:

> welcome to comments. please see the inline below.
>> Zhai -
>>
>> I'm having a difficult time trying to figure out what problem this
>> solves and how it is proposed to be employed.
>>
>> Of the current proposed MPLS apps for BFD there's VCCV and LSP-Ping
>> initiated BFD sessions.  In both cases the FEC binding is established
>> before the BFD session comes up.  You have Source and Destination IP
>> addresses as well as the pair of discriminators.  This is sufficient 
>> to
>> ensure that any BFD packet you might accidentally intercept is unique.
>> So what extra value comes from the filter???
>>
>
> 1.Although  FEC binding is established before the BFD session
> comes up, but as in BFD session, the descriminators can be
> changed anytime, so some inconsistence can happen.

	In practice I don't see how this can happen given
that the sessions are bound by unique IP addresses, session
discriminators (and optional security). Can you be more
specific about this failure scenario?

> 2. If the BFD is used to verify the data plane connectivity in
> mpls network, the LSP-Ping or VCCV must be used to check the
> control plane binding. If the FEC filter is used then the BFD
> session can do this work, and it would be more authoritative than
> hoping that you did not have collisions in the session
> discriminator space in conjunction with leakage...

	Again, please be more specific about how you think
the use of the tools as specified today will not work.

	--Tom




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On Thu, 24 Feb 2005, Jeffrey Haas wrote:
> I'm vaguely concerned about BGP with regards to third party nexthops.
> While this is unusual in practice (since most eBGP is over p2p
> links) the protocol allows for it.  There's also the question as to
> whether or not we have a BFD session to cover the transport session,
> one for each discovered BGP Nexthop that is determined to be resolvable
> (if different than the endpoints for the transport session).  There's
> the further question as to how we handle the same issues when doing
> multihop eBGP or whether we should worry about this case at all.
>
> My personal inclination is that BGP has enough issues to warrant a
> mini-draft.

Well, I'm not sure if I'm concerned about these, but I see these as 
potential items for debate.  In my opinion, I see the following as 
obvious:

  - BFD session is between BGP peers, not between nexthops
    (that could be even used to perform a DoS attack on 3rd parties,
    as it could trigger initiating BFD sessions to random
    destinations).

    I.e., if you use 3rd party nexthops, you're on your own for
    validating that the 3rd party nexthop stays up -- as with BGP.
    BGP doesn't have Hello's to 3rd party nexthops either, why should
    BFD?

  - we are only addressing single-hop eBGP here (1hop document)
    (though the only obvious difference I see is that you can't use
    TTL=255 check here)

  - I'm also not all that concerned about review delays.  I mean, this
    already has to go through two WGs (OSPF, IS-IS).  What's third to
    the mix?

That said, I'm not strongly objecting to putting BGP in a separate 
document, just as long as there is a framework what the document 
should look like.

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Feb 25 12:07:52 2005
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> Wouldn't LSP-Ping (or VCCV) be a more appropriate place to do this
> filter verification?

LSP-Ping does a verification on the FEC itself, so a filter would add
nothing.

VCCV is not a protocol.  Just a little sideband for sending IP packets
down a pseudowire so that you can run LSP-Ping, BFD, etc. between the
two ends.

...George

========================================================================
George Swallow             Cisco Systems                  (978) 936-1398
                           1414 Massachusetts Avenue
                           Boxborough, MA 01719



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Fri Feb 25 15:44:40 2005
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I am still of the opinion that
a generic draft is of greater utility to cover the next round of
protocols that want to bootstrap a BFD session. We can go to last call on
the list after we have a discussion period. Although requiring more typing,
let's go w/ a 'generic interaction'  draft. 

I know of implementations that
exist today that allow for more than IGP, static and EBGP bootstrapping ...
I think that if we just focus on including these two in the 1-hop draft, it
simply isn't going to close (with or w/o the ability to LC after MSP) due
to a 'me too' problem w/ other protocols.


-DWard

On Thu, Feb 24, 2005 at 11:45:29AM -0700, Dave Katz wrote:
> 
> On Feb 24, 2005, at 11:37 AM, Pekka Savola wrote:
> 
> > On Thu, 24 Feb 2005, Dave Katz wrote:
> >> The problem is that folding it into the 1hop spec will delay 
> >> progressing that spec for another four months, whereas we should be 
> >> able to go to last call soon if we keep it separate.
> >
> > There is procedurally no need to wait for the face-to-face meetings to 
> > go to last call.
> >
> > It's (procedurally) entirely fine to revise the 1hop draft with BGP 
> > and static routes immediately after Minneapolis, and fire off a WG 
> > last call a week after that.
> >
> > The chairs should judge the appropriate procedures, of course, but the 
> > spec getting delayed is (IMHO) not a concern here.
> 
> Fine with me if true.  Less typing on my part.  If the WG chairs could 
> advise on parliamentary procedure that would be most appreciated.
> 
> --Dave



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Hi, all
The purpose of FEC filter in BFD is to detect the consistence of 
the control plane and data plane. So that in the MPLS network, just
running the BFD session(LSP-Ping is not needed) is enough for the
defect detection. Or else such tools as LSP-Ping is needed because
the BFD session can't detect the inconsistence of the control plane
and data plane. 
In the section 2 of the draft, there is description of the 
problem the draft want to solve.
>> Wouldn't LSP-Ping (or VCCV) be a more appropriate place to do this
>> filter verification?


>
>LSP-Ping does a verification on the FEC itself, so a filter would add
>nothing.
>
>VCCV is not a protocol.  Just a little sideband for sending IP packets
>down a pseudowire so that you can run LSP-Ping, BFD, etc. between the
>two ends.
>
>....George
>
>========================================================================
>George Swallow             Cisco Systems                  (978) 936-1398
>                           1414 Massachusetts Avenue
>                           Boxborough, MA 01719





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On Feb 25, 2005, at 8:41 PM, zhaisuping wrote:

> Hi, all
> The purpose of FEC filter in BFD is to detect the consistence of
> the control plane and data plane. So that in the MPLS network, just
> running the BFD session(LSP-Ping is not needed) is enough for the
> defect detection. Or else such tools as LSP-Ping is needed because
> the BFD session can't detect the inconsistence of the control plane
> and data plane.

	There are cases where BFD/MPLS will work and return
a positive result, but the LSP is actually broken.
If you run LSP ping, this will certainly detect (and report) the
failure.  This is why a combination of both tools is necessary.
BFD with or without your FEC filter will not solve all of the
problems alone.

	--Tom


> In the section 2 of the draft, there is description of the
> problem the draft want to solve.
>>> Wouldn't LSP-Ping (or VCCV) be a more appropriate place to do this
>>> filter verification?
>
>
>>
>> LSP-Ping does a verification on the FEC itself, so a filter would add
>> nothing.
>>
>> VCCV is not a protocol.  Just a little sideband for sending IP packets
>> down a pseudowire so that you can run LSP-Ping, BFD, etc. between the
>> two ends.
>>
>> ....George
>>
>> ====================================================================== 
>> ==
>> George Swallow             Cisco Systems                  (978)  
>> 936-1398
>>                           1414 Massachusetts Avenue
>>                           Boxborough, MA 01719
>



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Sat Feb 26 11:26:33 2005
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To: zhaisuping@huawei.com
In-reply-to: Your message of "Sat, 26 Feb 2005 09:41:49 +0800."
	<0ICH00M6UWPNRF@szxml02-in.huawei.com> 
From: George Swallow <swallow@cisco.com>
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> In the section 2 of the draft, there is description of the 
> problem the draft want to solve.

I assume you mean this:

   "The result is that the LDP label is popped in the core of 
   the network, and the popping LSR may attempt to forward the 
   application label."

I'm not particularly persuaded by this example.  A properly designed
router would *not* forward the application label!

...George

========================================================================
George Swallow             Cisco Systems                  (978) 936-1398
                           1414 Massachusetts Avenue
                           Boxborough, MA 01719



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Feb 27 10:51:15 2005
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Date: Sun, 27 Feb 2005 09:48:29 -0600
From: David Ward <dward@cisco.com>
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Unfort., what you write is 180 degrees opposite from the charter of the BFD
WG and the philosophy of how the protocol is to function. BFD is not to check
the consistency of the forwarding and control plane. We do not want to 
take this protocol into the realm of control plane failure detection system
(as there are many better protocols or protocol machinery for that) but,  focus
on forwarding failure detection that can send alarms, event notification, diags,
etc up the stack.


-DWard



On Sat, Feb 26, 2005 at 09:41:49AM +0800, zhaisuping wrote:
> Hi, all
> The purpose of FEC filter in BFD is to detect the consistence of 
> the control plane and data plane. So that in the MPLS network, just
> running the BFD session(LSP-Ping is not needed) is enough for the
> defect detection. Or else such tools as LSP-Ping is needed because
> the BFD session can't detect the inconsistence of the control plane
> and data plane. 
> In the section 2 of the draft, there is description of the 
> problem the draft want to solve.
> >> Wouldn't LSP-Ping (or VCCV) be a more appropriate place to do this
> >> filter verification?
> 
> 
> >
> >LSP-Ping does a verification on the FEC itself, so a filter would add
> >nothing.
> >
> >VCCV is not a protocol.  Just a little sideband for sending IP packets
> >down a pseudowire so that you can run LSP-Ping, BFD, etc. between the
> >two ends.
> >
> >....George
> >
> >========================================================================
> >George Swallow             Cisco Systems                  (978) 936-1398
> >                           1414 Massachusetts Avenue
> >                           Boxborough, MA 01719



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Feb 27 16:23:25 2005
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From: "David Allan" <dallan@nortel.com>
To: "'David Ward'" <dward@cisco.com>, zhaisuping <zhaisuping@huawei.com>
Date: Sun, 27 Feb 2005 16:21:39 -0500
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Subject: RE: Re: draft-suping-bfd-mpls-fecmismatch-00 questions
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It is not detecting a control plane failure, it is detecting inconsistencies
in forwarding such that synch between control and data plane has been lost..
connectivity to somewhere exists but is not necessarily correct...IMO that
is still a data plane problem...

Dave

> -----Original Message-----
> From: rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org 
> [mailto:rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of David Ward
> Sent: Sunday, February 27, 2005 10:48 AM
> To: zhaisuping
> Cc: rtg-bfd@ietf.org
> Subject: Re: Re: draft-suping-bfd-mpls-fecmismatch-00 questions
> 
> 
> Unfort., what you write is 180 degrees opposite from the 
> charter of the BFD WG and the philosophy of how the protocol 
> is to function. BFD is not to check the consistency of the 
> forwarding and control plane. We do not want to 
> take this protocol into the realm of control plane failure 
> detection system (as there are many better protocols or 
> protocol machinery for that) but,  focus on forwarding 
> failure detection that can send alarms, event notification, 
> diags, etc up the stack.
> 
> 
> -DWard
> 
> 
> 
> On Sat, Feb 26, 2005 at 09:41:49AM +0800, zhaisuping wrote:
> > Hi, all
> > The purpose of FEC filter in BFD is to detect the consistence of
> > the control plane and data plane. So that in the MPLS network, just
> > running the BFD session(LSP-Ping is not needed) is enough for the
> > defect detection. Or else such tools as LSP-Ping is needed because
> > the BFD session can't detect the inconsistence of the control plane
> > and data plane. 
> > In the section 2 of the draft, there is description of the 
> > problem the draft want to solve.
> > >> Wouldn't LSP-Ping (or VCCV) be a more appropriate place 
> to do this 
> > >> filter verification?
> > 
> > 
> > >
> > >LSP-Ping does a verification on the FEC itself, so a 
> filter would add 
> > >nothing.
> > >
> > >VCCV is not a protocol.  Just a little sideband for sending IP 
> > >packets down a pseudowire so that you can run LSP-Ping, BFD, etc. 
> > >between the two ends.
> > >
> > >....George
> > >
> > 
> >=============================================================
> ===========
> > >George Swallow             Cisco Systems                  
> (978) 936-1398
> > >                           1414 Massachusetts Avenue
> > >                           Boxborough, MA 01719
> 
> 
> 



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Sun Feb 27 17:28:37 2005
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Date: Sun, 27 Feb 2005 16:27:26 -0600
From: David Ward <dward@cisco.com>
To: David Allan <dallan@nortel.com>
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Subject: Re: Re: draft-suping-bfd-mpls-fecmismatch-00 questions
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David -

In these cases, it would be best if the violating node sent the 
proper diag code and said that their forwarding plane was insane. We don't
want this protocol resonsbile for checking up to 4B FIB entries to see if they 
are installed correctly. To take this to a logical end, we would have to
check all addrs in all AF/SAF and all potential mismatches. The node itself
has to take some responsiblity when possible. When it is not possible, e.g.
GR, BFD can help detect some failures.   

If this problem is as we seem to agree a control plane programming issue,
an OAM protocol seems more applicable at config time.

-DWard

On Sun, Feb 27, 2005 at 04:21:39PM -0500, David Allan wrote:
> It is not detecting a control plane failure, it is detecting inconsistencies
> in forwarding such that synch between control and data plane has been lost..
> connectivity to somewhere exists but is not necessarily correct...IMO that
> is still a data plane problem...
> 
> Dave
> 
> > -----Original Message-----
> > From: rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org 
> > [mailto:rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of David Ward
> > Sent: Sunday, February 27, 2005 10:48 AM
> > To: zhaisuping
> > Cc: rtg-bfd@ietf.org
> > Subject: Re: Re: draft-suping-bfd-mpls-fecmismatch-00 questions
> > 
> > 
> > Unfort., what you write is 180 degrees opposite from the 
> > charter of the BFD WG and the philosophy of how the protocol 
> > is to function. BFD is not to check the consistency of the 
> > forwarding and control plane. We do not want to 
> > take this protocol into the realm of control plane failure 
> > detection system (as there are many better protocols or 
> > protocol machinery for that) but,  focus on forwarding 
> > failure detection that can send alarms, event notification, 
> > diags, etc up the stack.
> > 
> > 
> > -DWard
> > 
> > 
> > 
> > On Sat, Feb 26, 2005 at 09:41:49AM +0800, zhaisuping wrote:
> > > Hi, all
> > > The purpose of FEC filter in BFD is to detect the consistence of
> > > the control plane and data plane. So that in the MPLS network, just
> > > running the BFD session(LSP-Ping is not needed) is enough for the
> > > defect detection. Or else such tools as LSP-Ping is needed because
> > > the BFD session can't detect the inconsistence of the control plane
> > > and data plane. 
> > > In the section 2 of the draft, there is description of the 
> > > problem the draft want to solve.
> > > >> Wouldn't LSP-Ping (or VCCV) be a more appropriate place 
> > to do this 
> > > >> filter verification?
> > > 
> > > 
> > > >
> > > >LSP-Ping does a verification on the FEC itself, so a 
> > filter would add 
> > > >nothing.
> > > >
> > > >VCCV is not a protocol.  Just a little sideband for sending IP 
> > > >packets down a pseudowire so that you can run LSP-Ping, BFD, etc. 
> > > >between the two ends.
> > > >
> > > >....George
> > > >
> > > 
> > >=============================================================
> > ===========
> > > >George Swallow             Cisco Systems                  
> > (978) 936-1398
> > > >                           1414 Massachusetts Avenue
> > > >                           Boxborough, MA 01719
> > 
> > 
> > 



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Feb 28 00:11:58 2005
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From: Dave Katz <dkatz@juniper.net>
Date: Sun, 27 Feb 2005 22:09:04 -0700
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Subject: Re: draft-suping-bfd-mpls-fecmismatch-00 questions
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For what it's worth, we made a very conscious decision to keep 
media-specific information out of BFD, and so far at least have been 
successful.

The intent of BFD is to provide a pure liveness mechanism, which can 
operate at a very wide range of time constants, and is independent of 
media- and application-specific state and configuration management 
functions (which are typically intertwined, e.g., IGP Hellos.)

BFD is intended to run along side the media-specific protocols, given 
that BFD has no discovery mechanism, and depends on such protocols (or, 
perish the thought, static configuration.)  Further, most 
media-specific functions can either be made event-driven, or operate in 
a different magnitude of time than BFD, and as such are not appropriate 
to be carried in every packet, perhaps many times per second.

--Dave




From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Feb 28 03:36:33 2005
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Date: Mon, 28 Feb 2005 16:32:45 +0800
From: zhaisuping <zhaisuping@huawei.com>
To: "rtg-bfd@ietf.org" <rtg-bfd@ietf.org>
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Subject: help about the BIP16
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Hi, all,
I want to implement the BIP16 of Y.1711, who can give me a=
 example implementation of the BIP16? thank you in=
 advance.=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1=A1

Best Regards,
zhaisuping@huawei.com
Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.
Tel: +86-10-82882695
Fax: +86-10-82882537
2005-02-28








From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Feb 28 15:48:41 2005
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From: "David Allan" <dallan@nortel.com>
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HI Dave:

> In these cases, it would be best if the violating node sent the 
> proper diag code and said that their forwarding plane was 
> insane. 

We would not need a means of detecting it if the node simply knew ;-)


> We don't want this protocol resonsbile for checking 
> up to 4B FIB entries 

???? not understanding the reqirement

> to see if they 
> are installed correctly. To take this to a logical end, we 
> would have to check all addrs in all AF/SAF and all potential 
> mismatches. The node itself has to take some responsiblity 
> when possible. When it is not possible, e.g.
> GR, BFD can help detect some failures. 

The suggestion is to check that the FEC associated with an LSP running BFD
via an additional token...the concern being primarily corruption of
forwarding at intermediate nodes... IMO not needed if we are discussing a
p2p PHY link, as misdirection to a different BFD termination and collisions
in the dsicriminator space are highly unlikely. Question is how often can
you be sure when all is said and done, it truly was just a PHY...

rgds
Dave
  
> 
> If this problem is as we seem to agree a control plane 
> programming issue, an OAM protocol seems more applicable at 
> config time.
> 
> -DWard
> 
> On Sun, Feb 27, 2005 at 04:21:39PM -0500, David Allan wrote:
> > It is not detecting a control plane failure, it is detecting 
> > inconsistencies in forwarding such that synch between 
> control and data 
> > plane has been lost.. connectivity to somewhere exists but is not 
> > necessarily correct...IMO that is still a data plane problem...
> > 
> > Dave
> > 
> > > -----Original Message-----
> > > From: rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org
> > > [mailto:rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of David Ward
> > > Sent: Sunday, February 27, 2005 10:48 AM
> > > To: zhaisuping
> > > Cc: rtg-bfd@ietf.org
> > > Subject: Re: Re: draft-suping-bfd-mpls-fecmismatch-00 questions
> > > 
> > > 
> > > Unfort., what you write is 180 degrees opposite from the
> > > charter of the BFD WG and the philosophy of how the protocol 
> > > is to function. BFD is not to check the consistency of the 
> > > forwarding and control plane. We do not want to 
> > > take this protocol into the realm of control plane failure 
> > > detection system (as there are many better protocols or 
> > > protocol machinery for that) but,  focus on forwarding 
> > > failure detection that can send alarms, event notification, 
> > > diags, etc up the stack.
> > > 
> > > 
> > > -DWard
> > > 
> > > 
> > > 
> > > On Sat, Feb 26, 2005 at 09:41:49AM +0800, zhaisuping wrote:
> > > > Hi, all
> > > > The purpose of FEC filter in BFD is to detect the 
> consistence of 
> > > > the control plane and data plane. So that in the MPLS network, 
> > > > just running the BFD session(LSP-Ping is not needed) is 
> enough for 
> > > > the defect detection. Or else such tools as LSP-Ping is needed 
> > > > because the BFD session can't detect the inconsistence of the 
> > > > control plane and data plane. In the section 2 of the 
> draft, there 
> > > > is description of the problem the draft want to solve.
> > > > >> Wouldn't LSP-Ping (or VCCV) be a more appropriate place
> > > to do this
> > > > >> filter verification?
> > > > 
> > > > 
> > > > >
> > > > >LSP-Ping does a verification on the FEC itself, so a
> > > filter would add
> > > > >nothing.
> > > > >
> > > > >VCCV is not a protocol.  Just a little sideband for sending IP
> > > > >packets down a pseudowire so that you can run 
> LSP-Ping, BFD, etc. 
> > > > >between the two ends.
> > > > >
> > > > >....George
> > > > >
> > > > 
> > > >=============================================================
> > > ===========
> > > > >George Swallow             Cisco Systems                  
> > > (978) 936-1398
> > > > >                           1414 Massachusetts Avenue
> > > > >                           Boxborough, MA 01719
> > > 
> > > 
> > > 
> 
> 



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Feb 28 15:54:05 2005
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From: David Ward <dward@cisco.com>
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David -

On Mon, Feb 28, 2005 at 03:45:36PM -0500, David Allan wrote:
> HI Dave:
> 
> > In these cases, it would be best if the violating node sent the 
> > proper diag code and said that their forwarding plane was 
> > insane. 
> 
> We would not need a means of detecting it if the node simply knew ;-)
>

Since this is config time, the device can check vs assuming that neighboring
nodes will bail it out. If you don't trust your neighbor in the network to
program the FEC or anything into it's FIB correctly; BFD isn't going to be
able to help. 
 
> 
> > We don't want this protocol resonsbile for checking 
> > up to 4B FIB entries 
> 
> ???? not understanding the reqirement


The logical end to the twisting of BFD's architecture is to have to check
the validity of up to 4B IPv4 addrs (extend to V6, FEC, and anything else
that can be programmed into a Forwarding Information Base). This is a very
bad place to go.


> 
> > to see if they 
> > are installed correctly. To take this to a logical end, we 
> > would have to check all addrs in all AF/SAF and all potential 
> > mismatches. The node itself has to take some responsiblity 
> > when possible. When it is not possible, e.g.
> > GR, BFD can help detect some failures. 
> 
> The suggestion is to check that the FEC associated with an LSP running BFD
> via an additional token...the concern being primarily corruption of

This I understand

> forwarding at intermediate nodes... IMO not needed if we are discussing a
> p2p PHY link, as misdirection to a different BFD termination and collisions
> in the dsicriminator space are highly unlikely. Question is how often can
> you be sure when all is said and done, it truly was just a PHY...

BFD won't be able to tell you what is actually broken. OAM thingies do this.

-DWard

> 
> rgds
> Dave
>   
> > 
> > If this problem is as we seem to agree a control plane 
> > programming issue, an OAM protocol seems more applicable at 
> > config time.
> > 
> > -DWard
> > 
> > On Sun, Feb 27, 2005 at 04:21:39PM -0500, David Allan wrote:
> > > It is not detecting a control plane failure, it is detecting 
> > > inconsistencies in forwarding such that synch between 
> > control and data 
> > > plane has been lost.. connectivity to somewhere exists but is not 
> > > necessarily correct...IMO that is still a data plane problem...
> > > 
> > > Dave
> > > 
> > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > From: rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org
> > > > [mailto:rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org] On Behalf Of David Ward
> > > > Sent: Sunday, February 27, 2005 10:48 AM
> > > > To: zhaisuping
> > > > Cc: rtg-bfd@ietf.org
> > > > Subject: Re: Re: draft-suping-bfd-mpls-fecmismatch-00 questions
> > > > 
> > > > 
> > > > Unfort., what you write is 180 degrees opposite from the
> > > > charter of the BFD WG and the philosophy of how the protocol 
> > > > is to function. BFD is not to check the consistency of the 
> > > > forwarding and control plane. We do not want to 
> > > > take this protocol into the realm of control plane failure 
> > > > detection system (as there are many better protocols or 
> > > > protocol machinery for that) but,  focus on forwarding 
> > > > failure detection that can send alarms, event notification, 
> > > > diags, etc up the stack.
> > > > 
> > > > 
> > > > -DWard
> > > > 
> > > > 
> > > > 
> > > > On Sat, Feb 26, 2005 at 09:41:49AM +0800, zhaisuping wrote:
> > > > > Hi, all
> > > > > The purpose of FEC filter in BFD is to detect the 
> > consistence of 
> > > > > the control plane and data plane. So that in the MPLS network, 
> > > > > just running the BFD session(LSP-Ping is not needed) is 
> > enough for 
> > > > > the defect detection. Or else such tools as LSP-Ping is needed 
> > > > > because the BFD session can't detect the inconsistence of the 
> > > > > control plane and data plane. In the section 2 of the 
> > draft, there 
> > > > > is description of the problem the draft want to solve.
> > > > > >> Wouldn't LSP-Ping (or VCCV) be a more appropriate place
> > > > to do this
> > > > > >> filter verification?
> > > > > 
> > > > > 
> > > > > >
> > > > > >LSP-Ping does a verification on the FEC itself, so a
> > > > filter would add
> > > > > >nothing.
> > > > > >
> > > > > >VCCV is not a protocol.  Just a little sideband for sending IP
> > > > > >packets down a pseudowire so that you can run 
> > LSP-Ping, BFD, etc. 
> > > > > >between the two ends.
> > > > > >
> > > > > >....George
> > > > > >
> > > > > 
> > > > >=============================================================
> > > > ===========
> > > > > >George Swallow             Cisco Systems                  
> > > > (978) 936-1398
> > > > > >                           1414 Massachusetts Avenue
> > > > > >                           Boxborough, MA 01719
> > > > 
> > > > 
> > > > 
> > 
> > 



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Feb 28 15:59:02 2005
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<snipped>
> 
> > forwarding at intermediate nodes... IMO not needed if we are 
> > discussing a p2p PHY link, as misdirection to a different BFD 
> > termination and collisions in the dsicriminator space are highly 
> > unlikely. Question is how often can you be sure when all is 
> said and 
> > done, it truly was just a PHY...
> 
> BFD won't be able to tell you what is actually broken. OAM 
> thingies do this.

Agreed, goal is to simply know so you can follow up...


> 
> -DWard
> 
> > 
> > rgds
> > Dave
> >   
> > > 
> > > If this problem is as we seem to agree a control plane
> > > programming issue, an OAM protocol seems more applicable at 
> > > config time.
> > > 
> > > -DWard
> > > 
> > > On Sun, Feb 27, 2005 at 04:21:39PM -0500, David Allan wrote:
> > > > It is not detecting a control plane failure, it is detecting
> > > > inconsistencies in forwarding such that synch between 
> > > control and data
> > > > plane has been lost.. connectivity to somewhere exists 
> but is not
> > > > necessarily correct...IMO that is still a data plane problem...
> > > > 
> > > > Dave
> > > > 
> > > > > -----Original Message-----
> > > > > From: rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org 
> [mailto:rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org] 
> > > > > On Behalf Of David Ward
> > > > > Sent: Sunday, February 27, 2005 10:48 AM
> > > > > To: zhaisuping
> > > > > Cc: rtg-bfd@ietf.org
> > > > > Subject: Re: Re: draft-suping-bfd-mpls-fecmismatch-00 
> questions
> > > > > 
> > > > > 
> > > > > Unfort., what you write is 180 degrees opposite from 
> the charter 
> > > > > of the BFD WG and the philosophy of how the protocol is to 
> > > > > function. BFD is not to check the consistency of the 
> forwarding 
> > > > > and control plane. We do not want to take this 
> protocol into the 
> > > > > realm of control plane failure detection system (as there are 
> > > > > many better protocols or protocol machinery for that) but,  
> > > > > focus on forwarding failure detection that can send alarms, 
> > > > > event notification, diags, etc up the stack.
> > > > > 
> > > > > 
> > > > > -DWard
> > > > > 
> > > > > 
> > > > > 
> > > > > On Sat, Feb 26, 2005 at 09:41:49AM +0800, zhaisuping wrote:
> > > > > > Hi, all
> > > > > > The purpose of FEC filter in BFD is to detect the
> > > consistence of
> > > > > > the control plane and data plane. So that in the 
> MPLS network,
> > > > > > just running the BFD session(LSP-Ping is not needed) is 
> > > enough for
> > > > > > the defect detection. Or else such tools as 
> LSP-Ping is needed
> > > > > > because the BFD session can't detect the 
> inconsistence of the 
> > > > > > control plane and data plane. In the section 2 of the 
> > > draft, there
> > > > > > is description of the problem the draft want to solve.
> > > > > > >> Wouldn't LSP-Ping (or VCCV) be a more appropriate place
> > > > > to do this
> > > > > > >> filter verification?
> > > > > > 
> > > > > > 
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >LSP-Ping does a verification on the FEC itself, so a
> > > > > filter would add
> > > > > > >nothing.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >VCCV is not a protocol.  Just a little sideband 
> for sending 
> > > > > > >IP packets down a pseudowire so that you can run
> > > LSP-Ping, BFD, etc.
> > > > > > >between the two ends.
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > >....George
> > > > > > >
> > > > > > 
> > > > > >=============================================================
> > > > > ===========
> > > > > > >George Swallow             Cisco Systems                  
> > > > > (978) 936-1398
> > > > > > >                           1414 Massachusetts Avenue
> > > > > > >                           Boxborough, MA 01719
> > > > > 
> > > > > 
> > > > > 
> > > 
> > > 
> 
> 



From rtg-bfd-bounces@ietf.org  Mon Feb 28 16:09:14 2005
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From: Jeffrey Haas <jhaas@nexthop.com>
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On Mon, Feb 28, 2005 at 03:57:18PM -0500, David Allan wrote:
> > BFD won't be able to tell you what is actually broken. OAM 
> > thingies do this.
> 
> Agreed, goal is to simply know so you can follow up...

Then wouldn't it be best to BFD for what it is good at, namely checking
that forwarding is working, and then use another mechanism to clean
house when something fails?

By analogy, one doesn't extend ICMP to check your interface configuration
because you want to add this to your ping.

(Then again, seeing such a thing proposed in the IPv6 working groups
wouldn't shock me at all. :-)


-- 
Jeff Haas 
NextHop Technologies



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On Feb 28, 2005, at 4:00 PM, Jeffrey Haas wrote:

> On Mon, Feb 28, 2005 at 03:57:18PM -0500, David Allan wrote:
>>> BFD won't be able to tell you what is actually broken. OAM
>>> thingies do this.
>>
>> Agreed, goal is to simply know so you can follow up...
>
> Then wouldn't it be best to BFD for what it is good at, namely checking
> that forwarding is working, and then use another mechanism to clean
> house when something fails?

	I explained in my first posting on this draft that there
already exist mechanisms that can be used to confirm the
consistency of the sessions. There is no need for another
mechanism, IMO.

	--Tom



>
> By analogy, one doesn't extend ICMP to check your interface 
> configuration
> because you want to add this to your ping.
>
> (Then again, seeing such a thing proposed in the IPv6 working groups
> wouldn't shock me at all. :-)
>
>
> -- 
> Jeff Haas
> NextHop Technologies
>



