From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar  4 07:14:02 2003
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From: ted@mine.at
Message-ID: <bbffde931822$c84f7236$07668801@bgmyemqvwoa.h>
To: hithere@prdxweb.sw.ericsson.se
Subject: Use your COMPUTER to create a PAYCHECK
Date: Tue, 04 Mar 2003 23:09:17 -1100
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9831gxdr6-693oexz0948bkvC5-222yMuC7429RYWM3-806oGxO2378NWah2-796IiLP9160PscYl72
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Mar  7 07:46:46 2003
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From: "Jari Arkko (LMF)" <Jari.Arkko@lmf.ericsson.se>
To: "'ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net'"
	 <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: two somewhat SEND-related drafts
Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 15:53:12 +0100 
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Just for your information, The IPv6 WG is discussing some solutions to use router
advertisements to deliver information about which addresses are "within our
network" and which are not. This would be used, for instance, by printers to
limit services to those nodes within the organization's network.

This is not exactly the protection ND, but the use of ND to protect
something else.

"Organization Zone Prefix Length Discovery"
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-zill-ipv6wg-zone-prefixlen-00.txt

"Access Control Prefix Router Advertisement Option for IPv6"
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-bellovin-ipv6-accessprefix-01.txt

Jari

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Mar  7 09:43:51 2003
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 16:43:10 +0200
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
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To: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>, Craig Metz <cmetz@inner.net>,
        Viday Devarapalli <vijayd@iprg.nokia.com>,
        Alper Yegin <alper@docomolabs-usa.com>,
        Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
Subject: Resolving issues to draft-psreq raised during the WG LC
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Thanks to Viday, Bill, Alper, Pekka S., Craig,
Greg, Dave, and others, for your comments during
the WG LC of draft-ietf-send-psreq-01.txt.

I have compiled a list of issues raised during the
WG last call (The list does not include editorial
issues; I'll just adopt those).

The list is available at
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/issues.html

Please check that your issues have been accurately
recorded, and please mail me if something is missing.

I will start going through these issues during
the following days so that we would get most of them
resolved before San Francisco.

--Pekka Nikander

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Mar  7 09:53:42 2003
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Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 16:53:08 +0200
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
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Subject: psreq issue#1: Should draft-psreq discuss solutions at all?
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Many of the issues raised during the WG LC were
somehow concerned with solutions.  In fact, quite
a few  seemed to be concerned that the draft
discusses solutions at all; some people expressed
the strong opinion that it should not.

In the draft, we currently state the following about
solutions:

>   This document occasionally discusses solution proposals, such as CGA
>   [9]  and ABK [8].  However, the discussion is solely for illustrative
>   purposes.  It is meant to give the readers a more concrete idea of
>   some possible solutions.  It does NOT indicate any preference on
>   solutions on the behalf of the authors or the working group.

One reason for including any text about solutions
is to make the draft more readable.  Reading problem
descriptions without any ideas on how to *possibly*
solve them is very frustrating, at least to me personally.

Another reason for including the text is to give the
WG some idea of what is probably doable in a reasonable
amount of time, and what are more likely to be research
problems, requiring very long time to solve, if solvable
at all with current technology.

It is certainly easy to remove all text concerning
solutions, but I am afraid that the readability of the
draft would suffer.  On the other hand, if text is
added about the pros/cons of all solutions, the draft
may become excessive long (see issues #3, #6, #7, #9,
#18, #19, #21, #22).

Now, on the light of this, I am solicitating well grounded
opinions on whether the next version of the draft should
include any text about solutions?

If no, should the existing text be just removed or should
something else to be done to it.

If yes, is the existing level of illustrative talk about
solutions appropriate, or should there be more/less
text?

Additionally, if yes, should there be more informative
references to the possible solution approaches, or is the
current practice of mentioning or briefly describing the
solution approaches appropriate?

--Pekka Nikander

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Mar  7 10:35:33 2003
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From: "Jari Arkko (LMF)" <Jari.Arkko@lmf.ericsson.se>
To: "'ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net'"
	 <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: send background material
Date: Thu, 6 Mar 2003 12:25:43 +0100 
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Hi,

I just thought I'd let you know that I've updated two drafts related
to the background of SEND:

"Manual Configuration of Security Associations for IPv6 Neighbor Discovery"

This draft documents how you can use manually keyed IPsec to protect
ND. It also states that this is possible on a very limited scale, due to the
number of SAs involved and the lack of applicability to public access networks
(where SEND results are needed).

http://www.piuha.net/~jarkko/publications/send/drafts/draft-arkko-manual-icmpv6-sas-02.html
http://www.piuha.net/~jarkko/publications/send/drafts/draft-arkko-manual-icmpv6-sas-02.txt

"Effects of ICMPv6 on IKE"

This draft documents the chicken-and-egg issues and how to avoid them
when IKE is used. As a side effect, ND messages have to be left unprotected
at least as far as IKE-based SAs are concerned.

http://www.piuha.net/~jarkko/publications/send/drafts/draft-arkko-icmpv6-ike-effects-02.html
http://www.piuha.net/~jarkko/publications/send/drafts/draft-arkko-icmpv6-ike-effects-02.txt

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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
References: <3E68B254.4090201@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: psreq issue#1: Should draft-psreq discuss solutions at all?
Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 09:11:35 -0800
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<wg chair hat off>

I think the draft would read better without the solutions discussion in it.
While I think it makes sense to talk about solutions when formulating a problem
statement (because some people typically have an easier time precisely
specifying the problem that way), I think the problem statement itself should
not include solutions.

<wg chair hat on>

            jak

----- Original Message -----
From: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
To: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Sent: Friday, March 07, 2003 6:53 AM
Subject: psreq issue#1: Should draft-psreq discuss solutions at all?


> Many of the issues raised during the WG LC were
> somehow concerned with solutions.  In fact, quite
> a few  seemed to be concerned that the draft
> discusses solutions at all; some people expressed
> the strong opinion that it should not.
>
> In the draft, we currently state the following about
> solutions:
>
> >   This document occasionally discusses solution proposals, such as CGA
> >   [9]  and ABK [8].  However, the discussion is solely for illustrative
> >   purposes.  It is meant to give the readers a more concrete idea of
> >   some possible solutions.  It does NOT indicate any preference on
> >   solutions on the behalf of the authors or the working group.
>
> One reason for including any text about solutions
> is to make the draft more readable.  Reading problem
> descriptions without any ideas on how to *possibly*
> solve them is very frustrating, at least to me personally.
>
> Another reason for including the text is to give the
> WG some idea of what is probably doable in a reasonable
> amount of time, and what are more likely to be research
> problems, requiring very long time to solve, if solvable
> at all with current technology.
>
> It is certainly easy to remove all text concerning
> solutions, but I am afraid that the readability of the
> draft would suffer.  On the other hand, if text is
> added about the pros/cons of all solutions, the draft
> may become excessive long (see issues #3, #6, #7, #9,
> #18, #19, #21, #22).
>
> Now, on the light of this, I am solicitating well grounded
> opinions on whether the next version of the draft should
> include any text about solutions?
>
> If no, should the existing text be just removed or should
> something else to be done to it.
>
> If yes, is the existing level of illustrative talk about
> solutions appropriate, or should there be more/less
> text?
>
> Additionally, if yes, should there be more informative
> references to the possible solution approaches, or is the
> current practice of mentioning or briefly describing the
> solution approaches appropriate?
>
> --Pekka Nikander
>
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>

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Mar  7 13:57:14 2003
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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Proxy ND?
Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 10:44:02 -0800
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A quiet IETF mailing list two weeks before a meeting is a real luxury, so I am
reluctant to distrurb the peace, but here goes.

Anybody want to describe how to secure Proxy ND? The CGA address gives the
recipient of the NA the assurance that the sender is authorized for the source
address, but not the target address in the packet.

            jak

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Mar  7 15:11:06 2003
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CC: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Re: Proxy ND?
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James Kempf wrote:
> A quiet IETF mailing list two weeks before a meeting is a real luxury, so I am
> reluctant to distrurb the peace, but here goes.
> 
> Anybody want to describe how to secure Proxy ND? The CGA address gives the
> recipient of the NA the assurance that the sender is authorized for the source
> address, but not the target address in the packet.

Good question.

Technically, if the proxy and the true owner of the address share a
security association (as in MIPv6), this node could give an authorization
cert to the proxy. The proxy NA would carry the following information:

- PKnode (as usual)
- target address, where IID = hash(PKnode,...) (as usual)
- cert for PKproxy, signed by SKnode (this is new)
- signature of the NA, signed by SKproxy (new signer)

Jari

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Mar  7 15:20:21 2003
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CC: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: psreq issue#1: Should draft-psreq discuss solutions at all?
References: <3E68B254.4090201@nomadiclab.com>
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Pekka Nikander wrote:
> Many of the issues raised during the WG LC were
> somehow concerned with solutions.  In fact, quite
> a few  seemed to be concerned that the draft
> discusses solutions at all; some people expressed
> the strong opinion that it should not.
> 
> In the draft, we currently state the following about
> solutions:
> 
>>   This document occasionally discusses solution proposals, such as CGA
>>   [9]  and ABK [8].  However, the discussion is solely for illustrative
>>   purposes.  It is meant to give the readers a more concrete idea of
>>   some possible solutions.  It does NOT indicate any preference on
>>   solutions on the behalf of the authors or the working group.

I'm fine with this text actually. Maybe you could add to the last
sentence something about the two solutions not being an exhaustive list
just to underline your point.

Jari



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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Mar  7 17:03:17 2003
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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
Cc: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
References: <01ba01c2e4d9$864a2f00$156015ac@T23KEMPF> <3E68FBAB.9070005@kolumbus.fi>
Subject: Re: Proxy ND?
Date: Fri, 7 Mar 2003 14:00:43 -0800
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> Technically, if the proxy and the true owner of the address share a
> security association (as in MIPv6), this node could give an authorization
> cert to the proxy. The proxy NA would carry the following information:
>
> - PKnode (as usual)
> - target address, where IID = hash(PKnode,...) (as usual)

I think you mean:

    > PKnode (as usual)
    > source address, where IID=hash(PKnode,...)  (as usual)

or? (see below for rest).

> - cert for PKproxy, signed by SKnode (this is new)

Is this an X.509 cert? If so, it might be pretty big. Also, I think it has to
contain the PK of the SKnode, otherwise the receiver can't check the CGA on the
target address.

> - signature of the NA, signed by SKproxy (new signer)
>

and here:

    > target address, where IID=hash(SKnode,...)

            jak


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Mar  7 20:11:52 2003
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From: qa_tindell@yahoo.com
Subject: Re: A Healthy Work Environment12921
Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 20:08:20 -1700
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sat Mar  8 03:08:35 2003
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 10:07:15 +0200 (EET)
From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Send protocol and CGA
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Hello,

The send protocol spec is quite well written (a lot of comments in the 
queue in a separate mail), but there is one really imporant aspect I'd 
like the w.g. to consider.

That is, the base protocol and interactions with (encumbered) CGA.

Really, everything related to CGA must be thrown out of the base spec, and
placed in separate draft(s).  I thought this was the design decision early
on, has it changed or am I misunderstanding something?

My reasoning here is:
 - it is too difficult to read the protocol and assess its usability and 
completeness when CGA parts (which will *NOT* be used by some) are there

 - the base protocol is too closely interconnected to CGA parts (for 
instance check out the second bullet of section 10), and constitute a 
significant portion of already-long specification

 - securing ND is such an important issue, potentially affecting all 
nodes, that using encumbered technology is completely unacceptable.

 - when the organizations will be filing IPR disclosures, many of them are
likely to just give a blanket statement like "some portions of
ietf-send-ipsec-nn contain our IPR".  This makes it difficult to assess
whether *some other* portions (which are considered "free") of the spec
(e.g. trust anchors etc.) have IPR claims.

Therefore, I strongly request pulling CGA out of the spec before going any
further with it, and before those with claims on CGA make IPR disclosures
on it.

btw. which organizations had IPR claims on CGA?  I thought at least
Ericsson and Microsoft do, but only Microsoft has made IPR disclosure at
www.ietf.org/ipr/ (and has not made the disclosure on more recent
documents) -- if so, certainly a violation of the process.  Docomolabs
also has something on PBK, but not sure whether on CGA?  If I believed in
conspiracies, 3 out of 4 in the author list the employers of which have
significant vested interest in CGA-like mechanisms, would be sounding
alarm bells quite loudly.

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sat Mar  8 04:27:09 2003
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Date: Sat, 08 Mar 2003 11:25:48 +0200
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Subject: Re: Send protocol and CGA
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Pekka,

Actually, this "co-conspirator" agrees to a large extent to
what you are saying. Namely, I do agree that we can't have
an IPv6 base component deployment prevented by patents. For
instance, it would be very unfortunate if we couldn't use this
in free operating system distributions.

However, at least Ericsson is in the process of preparing
an IPR and licensing statement relating to SEND. Hopefully
other companies will do the same. Let's wait and see what
the statements say, and decide then whether the IPRs are
an issue. If they are, we should do what you say. (And yes,
Ericsson has IPRs on CGAs. I don't think we have a specific
statement in the IPR page but we've had that statement
in the various earlier drafts.)

But at this point I'd like to ask you however about the
too-hard-to-analyze aspect. So this is a technical
problem, not just about the IPRs? How strongly do you feel
about that? Would that be helped by split of the document?
Or is there a need for some new "layering" or other abstraction
as well which would help the analysis? I'm not against smaller
documents. In fact, a protocol of this size at -00 is probably
going to be nearer 100 pages when fully baked... But there's
some additional overhead for lots of documents which the chairs
have tried to avoid, I think. Plus we have some bad experience
of badly split documents in the past. So there's something to
be said for self-contained single documents as well.

Jari


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sat Mar  8 04:35:24 2003
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Date: Sat, 08 Mar 2003 11:34:39 +0200
From: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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To: James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
CC: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Re: Proxy ND?
References: <01ba01c2e4d9$864a2f00$156015ac@T23KEMPF> <3E68FBAB.9070005@kolumbus.fi> <00c901c2e4f5$016baef0$156015ac@T23KEMPF>
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James Kempf wrote:
>>Technically, if the proxy and the true owner of the address share a
>>security association (as in MIPv6), this node could give an authorization
>>cert to the proxy. The proxy NA would carry the following information:
>>
>>- PKnode (as usual)
>>- target address, where IID = hash(PKnode,...) (as usual)
> 
> 
> I think you mean:
> 
>     > PKnode (as usual)
>     > source address, where IID=hash(PKnode,...)  (as usual)
> 
> or? (see below for rest).

Hmm.... no, I don't think so. At least when MIPv6 HAs act as ND
proxies, they set the source address to the home agent's address
and its the target address that matters. See draft 21, section 10.4.1.

I haven't thought of whether this breaks some of the IPsec
processing rules we have. Have you?

>>- cert for PKproxy, signed by SKnode (this is new)
> 
> 
> Is this an X.509 cert? If so, it might be pretty big. Also, I think it has to
> contain the PK of the SKnode, otherwise the receiver can't check the CGA on the
> target address.

I was assuming it contains the PK as well. Yes, it could be big.
Actually, it might make sense for such certs to be distributed using
the DC mechanisms than in the AH packet itself.

Jari

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sat Mar  8 08:50:09 2003
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 15:48:09 +0200 (EET)
From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
cc: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Re: Send protocol and CGA
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On Sat, 8 Mar 2003, Jari Arkko wrote:
> However, at least Ericsson is in the process of preparing
> an IPR and licensing statement relating to SEND. Hopefully
> other companies will do the same. Let's wait and see what
> the statements say, and decide then whether the IPRs are
> an issue. If they are, we should do what you say. 

I've seen a few licensing statements from Ericsson and I think those could
be truly reasonable at least to certain major parties.

However, looking back at the previous licensing statements from Microsoft, 
I can be about 99.9% certain that there will be no hope here.

(Unless, of course, one would work around the IPR somehow, but that seems 
unlikely too.)

> (And yes,
> Ericsson has IPRs on CGAs. I don't think we have a specific
> statement in the IPR page but we've had that statement
> in the various earlier drafts.)

This is a violation of the process, but no harm is done (IMO), this has 
always been quite openly on the table.
 
> But at this point I'd like to ask you however about the
> too-hard-to-analyze aspect. So this is a technical
> problem, not just about the IPRs? How strongly do you feel
> about that? Would that be helped by split of the document?

This is IMO mostly a technical problem if we assume that many would have
to implement SEND without CGA.

Of course, this mainly shift the "core" protocol to be more easily
verified, analyzed, implemented etc. -- while making it (at least
slightly) more difficult to add for thos who in fact do want to add CGA.

> Or is there a need for some new "layering" or other abstraction
> as well which would help the analysis? 

That might help, yes, but I haven't thought about it enough to be 
able to say whether such a model would fix the corcerns.

Certainly, one could abstractify some language in specific sections to,
separate CGA and non-CGA to separate subsections, and analyze scenarios
where there are only-CGA, CGA + non-CGA, non-CGA (and maybe differences
which the router is), but as can be seen, this could become very complex.

So, splitting them apart seems like the best choice if one could expect 
CGA to be only an extension (albeit probably a very useful one).

> I'm not against smaller
> documents. In fact, a protocol of this size at -00 is probably
> going to be nearer 100 pages when fully baked... 

Of course :-)

> But there's
> some additional overhead for lots of documents which the chairs
> have tried to avoid, I think. Plus we have some bad experience
> of badly split documents in the past. So there's something to
> be said for self-contained single documents as well.

I agree -- the main required functions should be in a single document (if
we look back on MIPv6 effort, one could say some functions could have been
separated from the start -- let's try not to add too many new features
here) -- but the question becomes "what is really required?".  I'd vager 
that describing the CGA and non-CGA semantics, analyzing the different 
cases where they're used or or, etc. would yield at least 20 additional 
pages in the document, and would make it much difficult to analyze the 
consequences (thus, a delayed product).

So, it seems to me that a single protocol, be it with CGA or without CGA, 
must be specified in one document if we want to manage the SEND case 
quickly.

(Another question altogether is whether we have sufficient pieces in place 
to support a SEND model without CGA...)

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sat Mar  8 08:56:02 2003
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 15:55:59 +0200 (EET)
From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
cc: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: psreq issue#1: Should draft-psreq discuss solutions at all?
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On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Jari Arkko wrote:
> Pekka Nikander wrote:
> > Many of the issues raised during the WG LC were
> > somehow concerned with solutions.  In fact, quite
> > a few  seemed to be concerned that the draft
> > discusses solutions at all; some people expressed
> > the strong opinion that it should not.
> > 
> > In the draft, we currently state the following about
> > solutions:
> > 
> >>   This document occasionally discusses solution proposals, such as CGA
> >>   [9]  and ABK [8].  However, the discussion is solely for illustrative
> >>   purposes.  It is meant to give the readers a more concrete idea of
> >>   some possible solutions.  It does NOT indicate any preference on
> >>   solutions on the behalf of the authors or the working group.
> 
> I'm fine with this text actually. Maybe you could add to the last
> sentence something about the two solutions not being an exhaustive list
> just to underline your point.

I'm also fine with including some rough hand-waving towards some 
solutions.  For those who already are aware of the solutions, this makes 
it much easier to connect the PSreq cases and requirements.

Perhaps a reasonable compromise could be found by editing the text
describing the solutions slightly.  But IIRC, the draft was already in a
reasonably good condition.

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sat Mar  8 09:02:28 2003
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 16:02:10 +0200 (EET)
From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
cc: James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>, <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: Proxy ND?
In-Reply-To: <3E68FBAB.9070005@kolumbus.fi>
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On Fri, 7 Mar 2003, Jari Arkko wrote:
> James Kempf wrote:
> > A quiet IETF mailing list two weeks before a meeting is a real luxury, so I am
> > reluctant to distrurb the peace, but here goes.
> > 
> > Anybody want to describe how to secure Proxy ND? The CGA address gives the
> > recipient of the NA the assurance that the sender is authorized for the source
> > address, but not the target address in the packet.
> 
> Good question.
> 
> Technically, if the proxy and the true owner of the address share a
> security association (as in MIPv6), this node could give an authorization
> cert to the proxy. The proxy NA would carry the following information:
> 
> - PKnode (as usual)
> - target address, where IID = hash(PKnode,...) (as usual)
> - cert for PKproxy, signed by SKnode (this is new)
> - signature of the NA, signed by SKproxy (new signer)

Considering a link protection solution without CGA, it is likely that a
lot of traffic (at least) initially will follow a path similar to the
proxy-ND case .. so this is probably *not* just a corner case to be dealt
with, but a critical piece of the infrastructure.

It seems likely that nodes will have to authorize the router to act on
their behalf when initiating communications to another node in the subnet
they don't have any prior association with.

In this way, if we can make all nodes trust the router(s), in some
fashion, we can build up the SEND infrastructure from there.

(this was probably fairly obvious to the w.g., but here goes anyway.. :-)

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sat Mar  8 16:59:21 2003
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Date: Sat, 8 Mar 2003 23:56:59 +0200 (EET)
From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Comments on SEND protocol
Message-ID: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303082353070.6253-100000@netcore.fi>
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Hi,

Here are the technical & editorial comments I scribbled down on a quick 
read.  I didn't look at security considerations because they were too 
CGA-specific, and overlooked conclusions&path forward.

Substantial:
------------

==> Big issue (at least later): a security considerations section which
checks the protocol against the SEND requirements and threats to see that
there are no omissions etc.

==> One may have to consider whether Neighbor Discovery or IPsec changes 
have to go to separate document(s) -- in this case, the modifications are 
probably not as invasive as some in MIPv6, but some might argue for it.

4. Secure Neighbor Discovery Overview

   o  IPsec AH is used to protect all advertisement messages relating to
      Neighbor and Router discovery.  Solicitation messages are not
      protected, as they do not carry any information.

==> The latter sentence _incorrect_, and seems to be a show-stopper of a
kind.

With IPv4 ARP the link-layer address in Request is stored in the cache,
and this is in fact one away to perform ARP spoofing.  The same applies to 
solicitations, as below:

RFC2461, 7.2.3:

                        If the Source Address is not the unspecified
   address and, on link layers that have addresses, the solicitation
   includes a Source Link-Layer Address option, then the recipient
   SHOULD create or update the Neighbor Cache entry for the IP Source
   Address of the solicitation.  If an entry does not already exist, the
   node SHOULD create a new one and set its reachability state to STALE
   as specified in Section 7.3.3.  If an entry already exists, and the
   cached link-layer address differs from the one in the received Source
   Link-Layer option, the cached address should be replaced by the
   received address and the entry's reachability state MUST be set to
   STALE.

RFC2461, 6.2.6:

   Router Solicitations in which the Source Address is the unspecified
   address MUST NOT update the router's Neighbor Cache; solicitations
   with a proper source address update the Neighbor Cache as follows. If
   the router already has a Neighbor Cache entry for the solicitation's
   sender, the solicitation contains a Source Link-Layer Address option,
   and the received link-layer address differs from that already in the
   cache, the link-layer address SHOULD be updated in the appropriate
   Neighbor Cache entry, and its reachability state MUST also be set to
   STALE.  If there is no existing Neighbor Cache entry for the
   solicitation's sender, the router creates one, installs the link-
   layer address and sets its reachability state to STALE as specified
   in Section 7.3.3.  Whether or not a Source Link-Layer Address option
   is provided, if a Neighbor Cache entry for the solicitation's sender
   exists (or is created) the entry's IsRouter flag MUST be set to
   FALSE.

...

                             Note, however, that including these in the
   address requires the host to perform duplicate address detection for
   each address configured on the interface, not just for the link local
   address, as is allowed by RFC 2462.

==> right, so RFC2462/RFC2461 is being changed in this regard when it 
comes to SEND-secured links.  I think it may be appropriate to say this 
explicitly, even create a new section of Neighbor Discovery modifications.

   Delegation Chain Solicitations MUST NOT be sent if a valid
   certificate chain exists in the host's cache from the desired router
   (or host) to the host's trusted root.

   A host MUST send Delegation Chain Solicitations either to the
   All-Routers multicast address, if it hasn't selected a default router
   yet, or to the default router's IP address if it has already been
   selected.  If two hosts communicate with the solicitations and
   advertisements, these MUST be unicast to the hosts's address.

==> (and a few other places), I'm a bit confused on how certificate chains 
work between two hosts.  In some places, I get an impression that they are 
not supported at all, in some I get an impression that they're supported 
as an afterthought -- for example, the send paragraph would seem to imply 
("two hosts"...) that DCS/DCA could be done between two hosts but no DCS 
processing is specified for hosts.  This issue needs some serious 
rewording.

   o  If the cache becomes full, the receiver SHOULD temporarily reduce
      the Delta value for that source address so that all messages
      within that value can still be stored.

==> .. and discard messages outside of the new Delta, right?  Otherwise
the cache stays full until stuff in cache naturally expires, and the 
mechanism is useless.

   o  The packet, in the form defined for AH's coverage, is signed using
      the private key in the security association, and the resulting
      PCKS #1 signature is put to the Digital Signature field.

but earlier:

   Digital Signatures

      This variable length field, if present, contains the signature

==> in 7.1.5 text seems to say that PCKS#1 is always put to DS field, but 
earlier DS is not necessarily always present -- what's the deal?

==> editorial: "in the form defined for AH's coverage", perhaps this 
should be stated more explicitly?

   o  Hosts configured for SEND MUST validate all Router Advertisements
      with the protocol described in Section 8.  Note that this includes
      discarding advertisements received without a valid IPsec AH header
      and CGA address, thus making insecure prefixes invisible to them.

==> _and CGA address_ doesn't enhance my hope that CGA is only optional 
:-)

   o  Hosts configured for SEND MUST secure and validate all Neighbor
      Advertisements with the protocol described in Section 8.  Note
      that this includes discarding advertisements received without a
      valid IPsec AH header and CGA address.

==> note that this would seem to imply that if there are multiple nodes 
with the same layer 2 address, it will go undetected or cause A Great Deal 
of Trouble.  Also, theoretically CGA address and manually configured 
link-local address could clash, but this should not happen unintentionally 
due to different u/g bit settings.

   o  Routers MUST assign different addresses for their secure and
      insecure communications, including their link-local addresses.

==> Note that many none of router-only platforms I know of (IIRC) support
multiple link-local addresses.  Of course, this will change at the latest
with SEND ;-), but maybe something to keep in mind, operationally -- it
may not be as trivial as stated here.

   Signatures related to the use of the AH_RSA_Sig transform MAY be
   precomputed for Multicast Neighbor and Router Advertisements.
   Typically, solicited advertisements are sent to the unicast address
   from which the solicitation was sent.  Given that the IPv6 header is
   covered by the AH integrity protection, it is typically not possible
   to precompute solicited advertisements.

==> uh, what about Timestamps in the messages?  I guess if you time them 
just so (withing a sufficient delta), you can precompute them too, but I 
think this should be explicitly noted here?

Appendix C. IPR Considerations

   The optional CGA part of SEND uses public keys and hashes to prove
   address ownership.  Several IPR claims have been made about such
   methods.

==> "optional"?  It's not april fools yet :-)


Semi-subtantial/editorial:
--------------------------

   Section 5 describes the mechanism for showing address ownership,
   based on the use of Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGAs).
   Section 6 describes the mechanism for distributing certificate chains
   to establish authorization delegation chain to a common trusted root.
   Section 7 describes the necessary modifications to IPsec.  Finally,
   Section 8 show how to apply these components to securing Neighbor and
   Router Discovery.

==> this should be expanded slightly, so that when reading the 
Introduction you would have a better picture of how the components a 
connected.  

The Address
      Autoconfiguration mechanism is stateless, where the hosts use
      prefix information delivered to them during Router Discovery to
      create addresses, and then test these addresses for uniqueness
      using the DAD procedure.

==> s/test/typically test/, it's not necessary!

   o  Router Advertisement: The destination address can be either a
      unicast or the All Nodes multicast address [1].  Like the
      solicitation message, the advertisement is also local to the link
      only.

==> The last sentence applies to all the messages here, I think, so the 
fact should be stated up front somewhere.

5. Cryptographically Generated Addresses

   Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGAs) [22][23][20][25] are a
   technique whereby a node's IPv6 address can be unalterably tied to
   the node's public key.  

                  *        Conceptually, CGAs allow a recipient of a
   message to determine whether the sender is authorized to use the
   public key and address claimed to be associated with the packet.


   Typically, this requires the sender to use the hash of the node's
   public key as the interface identifier in the bottom 64 bits of the
   IPv6 address.

==> Even though there are a number of references, it might be useful (if
one can summarize in a paragraph of less than 5-10 lines) to describe why
exactly the sentence marked above is true.  This is because there are a
lot of bogus specifications and proclamations of security mechanisms (e.g.  
many papers on HIP) which neglect to mention that you really need
something like DNSsec to be secure, or the like.  In this case, it is good
to give very quick overview why such are *really* not needed.

   Equation (1).
       H(N) = Hash-160(public_key |
                       nonce |
                       routing_prefix)
       H(i) = Hash-160(H(i+1))

   where Hash-160 is the 160 bits obtained from applying the SHA-1
   secure hashing algorithm [12], public_key is the node's public key in
   the format defined in Section 7.1.2, and nonce is a random octet
   string of 8 or more bytes.  The selection N is a local matter, but it
   MUST be at least 3.  N is used as a defense mechanism against
   denial-of-service attacks.

==> in the equation I think you have to say that "nonce" = "N", or the 
like.  Some rewording on N may also be appropriate in the last two 
sentences.

                                                         The 'M' flag,
         when set, indicates that there are more components coming in
         this advertisement.

      Component

         This is a 15 bit unsigned integer field.  The first message in
         a multi-component advertisement has the Component field set to
         0, the second set to 1, and so on.

==> note that with 'M' flag, there is the obvious issue of packets getting 
reordered in the IP (or beneath) layer.  That is why "Component" is 
useful (which should be explicitly stated for clarity, perhaps).

==> I think the field would be better named "Component Number"
==> I assume on a single-component advertisement, Component is zero (it 
isn't stated above)?
==> The last sentence could also be reworded for simplicity like:

  The value of the Component field allocated sequentially, starting from 
  zero for each advertisement, to distinguish different parts of the
  original data.

(I wonder if that's any clearer though! :-)

  Valid Options:

      Certificate

      Trusted Root

==> swap the order of these options, as Trusted Root is described first so 
that they're in the same order.


 MUST be set to zero by senders and ignored by receivers

==> is this the usual way of saying MBZ? I've also noted ".. and MUST BE 
ignored", but one can read the "MUST be" to apply to both parts of the 
sentence..

      specification defines only one legal value for this field:  

==> I'd strike out "legal" everywhere in this context in the spec, it 
seems out of place here, with wrong connotations.


   A host MUST silently discard any received Router Advertisement
   messages that do not satisfy all of the following validity checks:

==> this a/RA/DCA/ was already noted it seems (in a few other places also, 
of course, under this subsection)

Delegation
   Chain Solicitations may be sent after any of the following events:

==> "may be sent" is slightly ambiguous: one should clarify that the list 
is not exhaustive, perhaps like (or simpler than that):

Delegation
   Chain Solicitations may be sent after any event that might affect 
local network connectivity, including but not limited to:

6.5:
   Rate limitation of Delegation Chain Advertisements is performed as
   specified for Router Advertisements in RFC 2461 [6].
6.6:

   Delegation Chain Solicitations SHOULD be rate limited and timed
   similarly with Router Solicitations, as specified in RFC 2461 [6].

==> The language in these should be similar.  The former approach seems 
better to me, but I'm indifferent.

  o  The sum of the PK_Len, Nonce_Len, and LLA_Len fields does not
      exceed the length of the Authentication Data field.

==> LLA_Len was never defined anywhere!

   It is outside the scope of this specification to describe trusted
   roots and address autoconfiguration (stateful or stateless) with
   dynamically changing addresses works.  It is also outside the scope
   of this specification to describe how stateful address
   autoconfiguration works with the CGA method.

==> s/describe/describe how/
==> s/works/work/ ?
==> "dynamically changing addresses" --> I assume you mean RFC3041, add a 
reference there, like "dynamically changing addresses, like [ref], work"

Editorial:
----------

2. Terms

   Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGAs) A technique [22] where
      the address of the node is cryptographically generated from the
      public key of the node and some other parameters using a one-way
      hash function.

==> The formatting must be changed, e.g. make the term explanations go on 
separate paragraphs or something.

   o  Redirect: This message is always sent from the router's link-local
      address to the source address of the packet that triggered the
      Redirect.  Hosts verify that the IP source address of the Redirect
      is the same as the current first-hop router for the specified ICMP
      Destination Address.

==> s/Hosts verify/Host verifies/ (singular seems better) ?

      The new transform uses also a fixed, standardized SPI (Security

==> s/uses also/also uses/

   The authorization provide by CGA is computational in nature, deriving

==> s/provide/provided/

   information when the node needs this information before to
   communicate off-link.

==> s/before to/before being able to/

   selected.  If two hosts communicate with the solicitations and
   advertisements, these MUST be unicast to the hosts's address.

==> s/hosts's address/hosts' addresses/ (or something else like that, I 
don't know the intent)

   When processing a possible advertisement sent as a response to a

==> s/as a/in/ ?

   Digital Signatures

==> s/res/re/

 
  o  If the use of CGA has been specified in the security association,
      we additionally require that A node receiving an Neighbor or

==> "we .." -- use the passive voice for consistency with the rest of the 
doc.
==> s/A/a/

     parameter from the rightmost two bits of the Target Address.  If
      the interface identifier checks, the recipient proceeds with the

==> s/checks/check succeeds/ ?

10. Operational Considerations

   During the transition to secure links or as a policy consideration,

==> s/links/neighbor discovery/ ?

10. Operational Considerations

      addresses, including link local addresses.

==> s/link local/link-local/

   to use asymmetric transforms for a significant amount packets.

==> s/amount/amount of/

  recipient.  As a result both participants are forced to believe that

==> s/As a result/As a result,/ (not required but maybe good.)

Normative References

   [1]   Hinden, R. and S. Deering, "IP Version 6 Addressing
         Architecture", RFC 2373, July 1998.

==> s/S. Deering/Deering, S./ (similar to others where multiple authors)

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sun Mar  9 03:06:08 2003
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Thank you Pekka for your (as always) in-depth comments. This is a
very useful discussion and I'll respond to a few points below:

> ==> Big issue (at least later): a security considerations section which
> checks the protocol against the SEND requirements and threats to see that
> there are no omissions etc.

Agreed.

> 4. Secure Neighbor Discovery Overview
> 
>    o  IPsec AH is used to protect all advertisement messages relating to
>       Neighbor and Router discovery.  Solicitation messages are not
>       protected, as they do not carry any information.
> 
> ==> The latter sentence _incorrect_, and seems to be a show-stopper of a
> kind.

Yes, and this is indeed the biggest problem in the protocol that I know
of at the moment. I think we mention it already in Section 14, by the way,
but we didn't have time to invent a solution. One approach would be to
avoid the solitications with an effect in SEND, but this would increase
the number of messages in typical situations, which would be unfortunate
for e.g. fast movements. More seriously, DAD would not work between two
nodes who are testing the same address at the same time. Also, we wouldn't
like to change the ND protocol as such.

So what's wrong with just protecting solicitations in the same manner
as advertisements? The reason is tricky. Consider the DAD probes, where
the solicitation message has the unspecified address as a source, and the
solicited node multicast address as a destination. The tested address
appears within the ND packet in the Target Address option. If our
security solution is at the IPsec layer, how can we test that the
tested address and the signature have been associated in the right
way? (Whether that association is through a cert with an address or
via CGA is not relevant, but IPsec needs to access the address which
for now only appears inside the application layer.)

> ==> (and a few other places), I'm a bit confused on how certificate chains 
> work between two hosts.  In some places, I get an impression that they are 
> not supported at all, in some I get an impression that they're supported 
> as an afterthought -- for example, the send paragraph would seem to imply 
> ("two hosts"...) that DCS/DCA could be done between two hosts but no DCS 
> processing is specified for hosts.  This issue needs some serious 
> rewording.

Yes. One of our pre-00 versions only supported cert chains between a host and
a router, and the host to host case was indeed an afterthought. Unfortunately
we didn't have time to edit the specification to make it really clear
how it works between hosts.

>    o  If the cache becomes full, the receiver SHOULD temporarily reduce
>       the Delta value for that source address so that all messages
>       within that value can still be stored.
> 
> ==> .. and discard messages outside of the new Delta, right?  Otherwise
> the cache stays full until stuff in cache naturally expires, and the 
> mechanism is useless.

That's right. Good point.

>    o  The packet, in the form defined for AH's coverage, is signed using
>       the private key in the security association, and the resulting
>       PCKS #1 signature is put to the Digital Signature field.
> 
> but earlier:
> 
>    Digital Signatures
> 
>       This variable length field, if present, contains the signature
> 
> ==> in 7.1.5 text seems to say that PCKS#1 is always put to DS field, but 
> earlier DS is not necessarily always present -- what's the deal?

This is a bug. The DS field must always be present.

>    o  Hosts configured for SEND MUST validate all Router Advertisements
>       with the protocol described in Section 8.  Note that this includes
>       discarding advertisements received without a valid IPsec AH header
>       and CGA address, thus making insecure prefixes invisible to them.
> 
> ==> _and CGA address_ doesn't enhance my hope that CGA is only optional 
> :-)

Another bug in the text. CGA was indeed intended to be optional. Maybe
it should have read "... a valid IPsec AH header with AH-RSA-Sig transform"
or even "... a valid IPsec AH header".

>    o  Hosts configured for SEND MUST secure and validate all Neighbor
>       Advertisements with the protocol described in Section 8.  Note
>       that this includes discarding advertisements received without a
>       valid IPsec AH header and CGA address.
> 
> ==> note that this would seem to imply that if there are multiple nodes 
> with the same layer 2 address, it will go undetected or cause A Great Deal 
> of Trouble.  Also, theoretically CGA address and manually configured 
> link-local address could clash, but this should not happen unintentionally 
> due to different u/g bit settings.

Hmmm... interesting. With GDT, do you mean that switches and the like
would "forward" packets incorrectly? I mean if the router would not
react in any way to someone claiming the same ll address as one of
the SEND nodes, that wouldn't by itself be bad?

>    o  Routers MUST assign different addresses for their secure and
>       insecure communications, including their link-local addresses.
> 
> ==> Note that many none of router-only platforms I know of (IIRC) support
> multiple link-local addresses.  Of course, this will change at the latest
> with SEND ;-), but maybe something to keep in mind, operationally -- it
> may not be as trivial as stated here.

Yes. I'm by the way not too happy with the current SEND transition
specification. It doesn't deal with routers belonging to just the
SEND or the non-SEND category, I'm not sure how it works with multiple
routers, the address thing you mention above is somewhat troublesome
etc. Good ideas sought...

>    Signatures related to the use of the AH_RSA_Sig transform MAY be
>    precomputed for Multicast Neighbor and Router Advertisements.
>    Typically, solicited advertisements are sent to the unicast address
>    from which the solicitation was sent.  Given that the IPv6 header is
>    covered by the AH integrity protection, it is typically not possible
>    to precompute solicited advertisements.
> 
> ==> uh, what about Timestamps in the messages?  I guess if you time them 
> just so (withing a sufficient delta), you can precompute them too, but I 
> think this should be explicitly noted here?

Ah, a good point. I'm not sure we can precompute then.

>    Equation (1).
>        H(N) = Hash-160(public_key |
>                        nonce |
>                        routing_prefix)
>        H(i) = Hash-160(H(i+1))
> 
>    where Hash-160 is the 160 bits obtained from applying the SHA-1
>    secure hashing algorithm [12], public_key is the node's public key in
>    the format defined in Section 7.1.2, and nonce is a random octet
>    string of 8 or more bytes.  The selection N is a local matter, but it
>    MUST be at least 3.  N is used as a defense mechanism against
>    denial-of-service attacks.
> 
> ==> in the equation I think you have to say that "nonce" = "N", or the 
> like.  Some rewording on N may also be appropriate in the last two 
> sentences.

But N is not the nonce. Maybe we should have used "K" and "nonce" instead.
"N" is a small integer number, and allows us to demand a sequence of hashes.
(Anyway, we probably shouldn't discuss these details before we take a
look at Tuomas' draft which IMHO defines the CGA addresses generation
formulas in a very clean manner.)

>   o  The sum of the PK_Len, Nonce_Len, and LLA_Len fields does not
>       exceed the length of the Authentication Data field.
> 
> ==> LLA_Len was never defined anywhere!

This a leftover of something we had in an earlier version. At that
time, we included even the link-layer addresses in the computations.
After the discussion on the IPv6 list, we no longer do...

Jari


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sun Mar  9 03:47:11 2003
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Date: Sun, 09 Mar 2003 10:45:32 +0200
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To: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
CC: James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>, ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Re: Proxy ND?
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Pekka Savola wrote:

> Considering a link protection solution without CGA, it is likely that a
> lot of traffic (at least) initially will follow a path similar to the
> proxy-ND case .. so this is probably *not* just a corner case to be dealt
> with, but a critical piece of the infrastructure.
> 
> It seems likely that nodes will have to authorize the router to act on
> their behalf when initiating communications to another node in the subnet
> they don't have any prior association with.
> 
> In this way, if we can make all nodes trust the router(s), in some
> fashion, we can build up the SEND infrastructure from there.

Interesting idea. In a way, this happens when the router and the
first node are upgraded to SEND: everyone else sends their ND
packets to the router, and all communications of the one SEND
node come through the router. The SEND node believes it is the
only node on the link. The other nodes are not on the link,
and ND is not used for communicating with them. Just like
any other node in the Internet.

Obviously, the non-SEND nodes will not authorize the router
or the router will not authorize them in any way. These are
existing nodes. So for that we don't need secure proxy ND.

But I guess your question is if we can simply provide SEND
for the RD part, and build secure ND from that? For instance,
since the host trusts the router's keys, it would believe an
NA sent by the router for a peer. The tricky part is, however,
getting the router to believe the peer. And it needs to, otherwise
sending an NA signed by the router would be pointless. With
delegation chain discovery, all hosts can trust the router. But
how to get mutual trust? This seems harder, basically something that
would require host certs or CGA. And if you have those, is
there a need for the router to act as a mediator?

Jari

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Subject: RE: CGA draft and paper
Date: Sun, 9 Mar 2003 09:45:07 -0800
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From: "Tuomas Aura" <tuomaura@microsoft.com>
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It seems that this is now in the ID directory:
http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-aura-cga-00.txt

Tuomas

 

> 
> -----Original Message-----
> From: Tuomas Aura [mailto:tuomaura@microsoft.com] 
> Sent: 24 February 2003 16:13
> To: SEND WG
> 
> I have posted a draft on Cryptographically Generated Addresses (CGA)
> on my web page:
>  
> http://research.microsoft.com/users/tuomaura/CGA/draft-aura-cg
> a-pre00.tx
> t
> Unfortunately, I managed to miss the submission deadline for San 
> Francisco, so the draft will only be on this web site for now.
> 
> A related (still unpublished) paper with some more background info 
> is also available:
>  
> http://research.microsoft.com/users/tuomaura/CGA/aura-cga-unpu
> blished.pd
> f
> 
> Tuomas
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> 

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Subject: Factoring the spec into digestible pieces (RE: Send protocol and CGA)
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Pekka Savola wrote:
> Really, everything related to CGA must be thrown out of the 
> base spec, and placed in separate draft(s).  I thought this 
> was the design decision early on, has it changed or am I 
> misunderstanding something?

I also think that the IPSec extensions should be factored out
into a separate spec. Like CGA, they may have other uses 
beyond SEND. 

Let's keep this in small and digestible pieces, and make those 
pieces as universally usable as possible. Otherwise, we will 
have another giant spec that is impossible to check for 
completeness and consistency. (I'm sure Jari knows what 
particular prior example I'm thinking of.) 

Tuomas

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On Sun, 9 Mar 2003, Jari Arkko wrote:
> Interesting idea. In a way, this happens when the router and the
> first node are upgraded to SEND: everyone else sends their ND
> packets to the router, and all communications of the one SEND
> node come through the router. The SEND node believes it is the
> only node on the link. The other nodes are not on the link,
> and ND is not used for communicating with them. Just like
> any other node in the Internet.

Yep.
 
> Obviously, the non-SEND nodes will not authorize the router
> or the router will not authorize them in any way. 

Yes, but if that'd help, the SEND router could perform certain proxy
functions on behalf of the SEND node for non-SEND nodes; naturally,
certain functions are already necessary, but some others (e.g. the router
might not believe some types of messages used for ND spoofing or other
attacks) could also be added if that'd be of any help.  Might get too
complicated, though..

> These are
> existing nodes. So for that we don't need secure proxy ND.

Agree.
 
> But I guess your question is if we can simply provide SEND
> for the RD part, and build secure ND from that? 

Yes.

> For instance, since the host trusts the router's keys, it would believe
> an NA sent by the router for a peer. The tricky part is, however,
> getting the router to believe the peer. And it needs to, otherwise
> sending an NA signed by the router would be pointless. With delegation
> chain discovery, all hosts can trust the router. But how to get mutual
> trust? This seems harder, basically something that would require host
> certs or CGA. And if you have those, is there a need for the router to
> act as a mediator?

In particular, all the SEND nodes might not have shared roots -- it might
be difficult to have everyone trust everyone else.  The approach here is
secure proxy-ND.  However, this could be made a bit more streamlined:
there has to be a trust relationship with the router and host A.  The
router could (maybe, can't estimate the complexity and the overhead),
certify to node B that node A is a "good guy", which might help in
building an association with node A and B.

It seems (quick thinking) to me that the approach for host-host
communication could be one of:

 1) CGA
 2) secure proxy-ND through router
 3) router certifying host A to host B and vice versa: assistance in
delegation chain discovery between the hosts if they don't have shared
roots.
 4) fallback to insecure ND or the like if two hosts have no shared roots
(ie. operational imperative to "get enough roots and certificates!")

However, the SEND protocol is quite unclear to me yet on how exactly the
certifying process even between a router/host would work without CGA.  In
particular, it seems some certificatetied to certain global and even
link-local addresses which the other party can verify is needed.  This
brings up the question how that kind of certifying process could be done
(particularly the link-local part, which seems like something only the
admin of the link could be able to give -- which would lead to either a
trivial or a very difficult solution).

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sun Mar  9 13:54:26 2003
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From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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Subject: Re: Comments on SEND protocol
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Thanks for the quick response. Replying only to "left-over" issues.

On Sun, 9 Mar 2003, Jari Arkko wrote:
> > 4. Secure Neighbor Discovery Overview
> > 
> >    o  IPsec AH is used to protect all advertisement messages relating to
> >       Neighbor and Router discovery.  Solicitation messages are not
> >       protected, as they do not carry any information.
> > 
> > ==> The latter sentence _incorrect_, and seems to be a show-stopper of a
> > kind.
> 
> Yes, and this is indeed the biggest problem in the protocol that I know
> of at the moment. I think we mention it already in Section 14, by the way,
> but we didn't have time to invent a solution. One approach would be to
> avoid the solitications with an effect in SEND, but this would increase
> the number of messages in typical situations, which would be unfortunate
> for e.g. fast movements. More seriously, DAD would not work between two
> nodes who are testing the same address at the same time. Also, we wouldn't
> like to change the ND protocol as such.
> 
> So what's wrong with just protecting solicitations in the same manner
> as advertisements? The reason is tricky. Consider the DAD probes, where
> the solicitation message has the unspecified address as a source, and the
> solicited node multicast address as a destination. The tested address
> appears within the ND packet in the Target Address option. If our
> security solution is at the IPsec layer, how can we test that the
> tested address and the signature have been associated in the right
> way? (Whether that association is through a cert with an address or
> via CGA is not relevant, but IPsec needs to access the address which
> for now only appears inside the application layer.)

Perhaps an intermediate solution, if securing certain solicitations is too
tricky, to take some messages in the consideration *BUT* specify that
using such "possibly insecure" solicitations the neighbor discovery cache
MUST NOT be updated.

Another approach would be to modify IPsec processing even further, to make 
it associate the source address, in the case of unspecified, with the 
target address (if it exists) .. but this seems rather dirty a solution.
 
> >    o  Hosts configured for SEND MUST secure and validate all Neighbor
> >       Advertisements with the protocol described in Section 8.  Note
> >       that this includes discarding advertisements received without a
> >       valid IPsec AH header and CGA address.
> > 
> > ==> note that this would seem to imply that if there are multiple nodes 
> > with the same layer 2 address, it will go undetected or cause A Great Deal 
> > of Trouble.  Also, theoretically CGA address and manually configured 
> > link-local address could clash, but this should not happen unintentionally 
> > due to different u/g bit settings.
> 
> Hmmm... interesting. With GDT, do you mean that switches and the like
> would "forward" packets incorrectly? 

Yes.  (But I guess this is unavoidable, and happens even today.)

This seems to be a possible bigger problem if the SEND-router (also acting 
as non-SEND) would take a ll-addr clash into consideration.  I.e. when a 
SEND and non-SEND node claim they have the same ll address, who to 
believe?

> I mean if the router would not
> react in any way to someone claiming the same ll address as one of
> the SEND nodes, that wouldn't by itself be bad?

With proper checks in router, this would seem to be ok.

(Note: in the SEND router implementations, you might need a toggle 
"allow SEND only" vs "allow SEND and ND interaction" -- in the first case, 
some things would get simpler.)

> >    o  Routers MUST assign different addresses for their secure and
> >       insecure communications, including their link-local addresses.
> > 
> > ==> Note that many none of router-only platforms I know of (IIRC) support
> > multiple link-local addresses.  Of course, this will change at the latest
> > with SEND ;-), but maybe something to keep in mind, operationally -- it
> > may not be as trivial as stated here.
> 
> Yes. I'm by the way not too happy with the current SEND transition
> specification. It doesn't deal with routers belonging to just the
> SEND or the non-SEND category, I'm not sure how it works with multiple
> routers, the address thing you mention above is somewhat troublesome
> etc. Good ideas sought...

Yes, I believe the transition part will require a lot of thought (whether 
in this document or elsewhere).  Too difficult to imagine all the 
situations just yet, though.
 
> >    Signatures related to the use of the AH_RSA_Sig transform MAY be
> >    precomputed for Multicast Neighbor and Router Advertisements.
> >    Typically, solicited advertisements are sent to the unicast address
> >    from which the solicitation was sent.  Given that the IPv6 header is
> >    covered by the AH integrity protection, it is typically not possible
> >    to precompute solicited advertisements.
> > 
> > ==> uh, what about Timestamps in the messages?  I guess if you time them 
> > just so (withing a sufficient delta), you can precompute them too, but I 
> > think this should be explicitly noted here?
> 
> Ah, a good point. I'm not sure we can precompute then.

Well, you can "precompute", strictly speaking, if you know when you'd be
sending the multicasts, *but* you have to compute every message *anyway*,
you just can influence when that precomputation happens (e.g. when you
need to compute, you could spread it even over a couple of seconds,
running on low priority, not when you're building the packet to send it
out).

Not that useful it seems, perhaps a bit to some very low-end devices.
 
-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Mar 10 00:19:43 2003
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Subject: RE: Proxy ND?
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From: "Mohan Parthasarathy" <mohanp@tahoenetworks.com>
To: "Pekka Savola" <pekkas@netcore.fi>, "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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> 
> On Sun, 9 Mar 2003, Jari Arkko wrote:
> > Interesting idea. In a way, this happens when the router and the
> > first node are upgraded to SEND: everyone else sends their ND
> > packets to the router, and all communications of the one SEND
> > node come through the router. The SEND node believes it is the
> > only node on the link. The other nodes are not on the link,
> > and ND is not used for communicating with them. Just like
> > any other node in the Internet.
> 
> Yep.
>  
I am a bit confused by this. If "L" bit is set in the RA, then all
nodes will think all other nodes covered by that prefix is on-link.
In that case all nodes on that link covered by that prefix
will send the advertisements to solicited node multicast address of
the target node directly i.e how do you make the nodes send the ND packets
to the router ? It would work if one never sets the L bit in that case.
But as the SEND hosts increase, you may want them to communicate directly
rather than through the router.

-mohan


> > Obviously, the non-SEND nodes will not authorize the router
> > or the router will not authorize them in any way. 
> 
> Yes, but if that'd help, the SEND router could perform certain proxy
> functions on behalf of the SEND node for non-SEND nodes; naturally,
> certain functions are already necessary, but some others 
> (e.g. the router
> might not believe some types of messages used for ND spoofing or other
> attacks) could also be added if that'd be of any help.  Might get too
> complicated, though..
> 
> > These are
> > existing nodes. So for that we don't need secure proxy ND.
> 
> Agree.
>  
> > But I guess your question is if we can simply provide SEND
> > for the RD part, and build secure ND from that? 
> 
> Yes.
> 
> > For instance, since the host trusts the router's keys, it 
> would believe
> > an NA sent by the router for a peer. The tricky part is, however,
> > getting the router to believe the peer. And it needs to, otherwise
> > sending an NA signed by the router would be pointless. With 
> delegation
> > chain discovery, all hosts can trust the router. But how to 
> get mutual
> > trust? This seems harder, basically something that would 
> require host
> > certs or CGA. And if you have those, is there a need for 
> the router to
> > act as a mediator?
> 
> In particular, all the SEND nodes might not have shared roots 
> -- it might
> be difficult to have everyone trust everyone else.  The 
> approach here is
> secure proxy-ND.  However, this could be made a bit more streamlined:
> there has to be a trust relationship with the router and host A.  The
> router could (maybe, can't estimate the complexity and the overhead),
> certify to node B that node A is a "good guy", which might help in
> building an association with node A and B.
> 
> It seems (quick thinking) to me that the approach for host-host
> communication could be one of:
> 
>  1) CGA
>  2) secure proxy-ND through router
>  3) router certifying host A to host B and vice versa: assistance in
> delegation chain discovery between the hosts if they don't have shared
> roots.
>  4) fallback to insecure ND or the like if two hosts have no 
> shared roots
> (ie. operational imperative to "get enough roots and certificates!")
> 
> However, the SEND protocol is quite unclear to me yet on how 
> exactly the
> certifying process even between a router/host would work 
> without CGA.  In
> particular, it seems some certificatetied to certain global and even
> link-local addresses which the other party can verify is needed.  This
> brings up the question how that kind of certifying process 
> could be done
> (particularly the link-local part, which seems like something only the
> admin of the link could be able to give -- which would lead 
> to either a
> trivial or a very difficult solution).
> 
> -- 
> Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
> Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
> Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings
> 
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Mar 10 01:39:36 2003
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From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: Mohan Parthasarathy <mohanp@tahoenetworks.com>
cc: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>,
        James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>,
        <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: RE: Proxy ND?
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On Sun, 9 Mar 2003, Mohan Parthasarathy wrote:
> > On Sun, 9 Mar 2003, Jari Arkko wrote:
> > > Interesting idea. In a way, this happens when the router and the
> > > first node are upgraded to SEND: everyone else sends their ND
> > > packets to the router, and all communications of the one SEND
> > > node come through the router. The SEND node believes it is the
> > > only node on the link. The other nodes are not on the link,
> > > and ND is not used for communicating with them. Just like
> > > any other node in the Internet.
> > 
> > Yep.
> >  
>
> I am a bit confused by this. If "L" bit is set in the RA, then all
> nodes will think all other nodes covered by that prefix is on-link.
> In that case all nodes on that link covered by that prefix
> will send the advertisements to solicited node multicast address of
> the target node directly i.e how do you make the nodes send the ND packets
> to the router ? It would work if one never sets the L bit in that case.
> But as the SEND hosts increase, you may want them to communicate directly
> rather than through the router.

The neighbor solicitations are sent to the solicited-node multicast 
address.  However, the on-link target node will not respond to them: it 
will not even see them (because they're protected by AH and the target 
node can't verify AH).

This could be worked around by e.g.:

Modify the ND prototocol so that in the case of SEND:
 1) solicits are sent to all-nodes multicast address, or
 2) the SEND router also joins all solicited-node multicast addresses for 
non-SEND nodes so it can see the solicitations

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 08:57:16 +0200
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
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Subject: Re: psreq issue#1: Should draft-psreq discuss solutions at all?
References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303081552570.3285-100000@netcore.fi>
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I seem to be getting a very mixed signal on including
any solutions text to the draft.  Some people clearly
oppose, some people think it is fine.

To resolve this for now, I'll do the following, unless
someone strongly opposes.

  1. I'll leave the solution text to the draft, and
     try to add some clarifications as requested in
     a number of other issues.

  2. At the same time, I will enclose all solution
     text in [[double brackets]], making it easy to
     recognize it and remove it later, if wanted.

--Pekka Nikander

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Mar 10 02:36:05 2003
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From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
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To: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Cc: Craig Metz <cmetz@inner.net>
Subject: psreq issue#24: trust models
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http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/issues/issue24.txt

In his comments, Craig Metz opinioned that the current
trust model which is based on three scenarios should
be replaced with one based on only two scenarios.

<wg chair hat off>

While I agree that the scenarios Craig describes in
his message are perhaps technically closer to what
we expect the solutions to be in reality, I still
think that the current three scenarios model is
appropriate since it describes potential deployment
schemes.

<wg chair hat on>

What is the feeling of the WG?  Should we adopt
Craig's proposal, or stick with the current structure?

--Pekka Nikander

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Mar 10 03:01:03 2003
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From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
cc: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>, Craig Metz <cmetz@inner.net>
Subject: Re: psreq issue#24: trust models
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On Mon, 10 Mar 2003, Pekka Nikander wrote:
> What is the feeling of the WG?  Should we adopt
> Craig's proposal, or stick with the current structure?

I think the current structure is good.

Basically it seems like a similar approach with nuances:  
centralized/decentralized is basically just wording 3.1/3.2 and 3.3 a bit
differently -- and I believe the current models are closer to the
deployment scenarios.

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Mar 10 08:18:06 2003
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From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>
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See http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/issues.html

I resolved the following issues as follows.  The rationale
behind several was that since I earlier decided to include
solutions text in [[brackets]], it follows logically that
new suggested solutions text should be added as such.

The diffs between the -01 version and the current version
are available at
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/draft-ietf-send-psreq-02-from-1.diff.html


   6 Clarify operator certification capability in 4.1.1

     New text added, in [[brackets]], to 4.1.1

   7 Should the document talk about solutions in 4.2.1?

     New text added, in [[brackets]], to 4.2.1

   8 Add reference to secure DHCP in Section 4.2.6

     Added discussion how secure DHCP does not solve all problems.

   9 Remove mitigation approaches from 4.3.1

     REJECTED.  Text moved into [[brackets]]

  10 Clarify the meaning of '+' in Section 4.4.

     New text added.

  15 Add flooding DoS as a separate threat category

     New text added.

  18 Recommend refusal of override bit?

     New text added, in [[brackets]].

  19 Recommend that only /64 on-link prefixes are accepted

     New text added, in [[brackets]].

  20 New subthreat: flooding host's routing table

     New text added.

  21 Add a note about DDNS access controls

     REJECTED.  Falls beyond the scope of the draft.

  22 Add a note that small hop limits should not be accepted.

     New text added, in [[brackets]].



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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Mar 10 12:29:51 2003
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Subject: Re: Send protocol and CGA
Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 09:26:49 -0800
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Pekka,

IPR encumbered technology can be and has been incorporated into IETF standards.
An example is ROHC, the IPR within that draft is offered on a RAND basis. The
current IETF IPR rules are not like W3C in this regard, though there is a
working group discussing changes.

That said, as a general rule, standards which are IPR free are preferable to
those with IPR, and standards with free IPR (such as the Photuris, RFC 1822,
which was incorporated into IPsec) are preferable to RAND. Particularly with
something so basic as SEND, having RAND IPR is likely to cause the mechanism not
to be widely implemented, effectively making it useless.

PekkaN and I are currently working with Ericsson and Microsoft in order to get
CGAs released as free IPR for the purposes of SEND, to address the issue that
you mention. We expect the release, should it occur, to be similar to RFC 1822.
Please take some time to look at RFC 1822 and see if it meets your concerns. Of
course, these things take time and we do not expect a complete statement of
release by the SFO meeting.

If our efforts in this area should fail, we have a fallback position. The draft
currently discusses using host certificates for securing NA, and we would in the
event of failure remove CGAs leaving host certificates as the only mechanism.
From a technical standpoint, host certificates are an inferior mechanism because
they require provisioning of hosts with certificates, which is something that
nobody has quite managed to get to work yet. However, if we have to make that
the only mechanism, we will.

As far as we know (and participants in IETF work MUST disclose this information)
there is no other IPR on the draft.

Regarding your specific comments on the draft, we could probably do better in
describing how to use host certificates, currently, the draft is focussed on
CGAs because the DT believes they are a superior mechanism. We will clean that
up in the next round.

            jak

----- Original Message -----
From: "Pekka Savola" <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Sent: Saturday, March 08, 2003 12:07 AM
Subject: Send protocol and CGA


> Hello,
>
> The send protocol spec is quite well written (a lot of comments in the
> queue in a separate mail), but there is one really imporant aspect I'd
> like the w.g. to consider.
>
> That is, the base protocol and interactions with (encumbered) CGA.
>
> Really, everything related to CGA must be thrown out of the base spec, and
> placed in separate draft(s).  I thought this was the design decision early
> on, has it changed or am I misunderstanding something?
>
> My reasoning here is:
>  - it is too difficult to read the protocol and assess its usability and
> completeness when CGA parts (which will *NOT* be used by some) are there
>
>  - the base protocol is too closely interconnected to CGA parts (for
> instance check out the second bullet of section 10), and constitute a
> significant portion of already-long specification
>
>  - securing ND is such an important issue, potentially affecting all
> nodes, that using encumbered technology is completely unacceptable.
>
>  - when the organizations will be filing IPR disclosures, many of them are
> likely to just give a blanket statement like "some portions of
> ietf-send-ipsec-nn contain our IPR".  This makes it difficult to assess
> whether *some other* portions (which are considered "free") of the spec
> (e.g. trust anchors etc.) have IPR claims.
>
> Therefore, I strongly request pulling CGA out of the spec before going any
> further with it, and before those with claims on CGA make IPR disclosures
> on it.
>
> btw. which organizations had IPR claims on CGA?  I thought at least
> Ericsson and Microsoft do, but only Microsoft has made IPR disclosure at
> www.ietf.org/ipr/ (and has not made the disclosure on more recent
> documents) -- if so, certainly a violation of the process.  Docomolabs
> also has something on PBK, but not sure whether on CGA?  If I believed in
> conspiracies, 3 out of 4 in the author list the employers of which have
> significant vested interest in CGA-like mechanisms, would be sounding
> alarm bells quite loudly.
>
> --
> Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
> Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
> Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings
>
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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Pekka Savola" <pekkas@netcore.fi>, "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
Cc: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303081534110.3285-100000@netcore.fi>
Subject: Re: Send protocol and CGA
Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 09:33:11 -0800
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> However, looking back at the previous licensing statements from Microsoft,
> I can be about 99.9% certain that there will be no hope here.
>

Microsoft has, in the past, released IPR for standards work. For example, they
released some IPR to W3C.


> So, it seems to me that a single protocol, be it with CGA or without CGA,
> must be specified in one document if we want to manage the SEND case
> quickly.
>

Agree.

> (Another question altogether is whether we have sufficient pieces in place
> to support a SEND model without CGA...)
>

The DT has discussed the non-CGA case, but not as extensively. It needs more
attention.


            jak


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Mar 10 12:50:12 2003
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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303081552570.3285-100000@netcore.fi> <3E6C374C.4090407@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: psreq issue#1: Should draft-psreq discuss solutions at all?
Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 09:47:11 -0800
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Pekka,

I'm fine with leaving it in if there is concensus. Let's revisit in SFO.

            jak

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
To: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Sent: Sunday, March 09, 2003 10:57 PM
Subject: Re: psreq issue#1: Should draft-psreq discuss solutions at all?


> I seem to be getting a very mixed signal on including
> any solutions text to the draft.  Some people clearly
> oppose, some people think it is fine.
> 
> To resolve this for now, I'll do the following, unless
> someone strongly opposes.
> 
>   1. I'll leave the solution text to the draft, and
>      try to add some clarifications as requested in
>      a number of other issues.
> 
>   2. At the same time, I will enclose all solution
>      text in [[double brackets]], making it easy to
>      recognize it and remove it later, if wanted.
> 
> --Pekka Nikander
> 
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Mar 10 12:51:28 2003
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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Cc: "Craig Metz" <cmetz@inner.net>
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Subject: Re: psreq issue#24: trust models
Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 09:49:13 -0800
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I like the three trust models. They may not capture every situation exactly, but
I think they represent three fairly common points on a continuum of deployment
situations. The ad hoc case is certainly not very common today, but perhaps more
common in the future.

We might ask for some help here with someone having more operations experience.

            jak




----- Original Message -----
From: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
To: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Cc: "Craig Metz" <cmetz@inner.net>
Sent: Sunday, March 09, 2003 11:34 PM
Subject: psreq issue#24: trust models


> http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/issues/issue24.txt
>
> In his comments, Craig Metz opinioned that the current
> trust model which is based on three scenarios should
> be replaced with one based on only two scenarios.
>
> <wg chair hat off>
>
> While I agree that the scenarios Craig describes in
> his message are perhaps technically closer to what
> we expect the solutions to be in reality, I still
> think that the current three scenarios model is
> appropriate since it describes potential deployment
> schemes.
>
> <wg chair hat on>
>
> What is the feeling of the WG?  Should we adopt
> Craig's proposal, or stick with the current structure?
>
> --Pekka Nikander
>
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Mar 10 13:23:57 2003
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Subject: RE: Proxy ND?
Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 10:22:38 -0800
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Thread-Topic: Proxy ND?
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From: "Mohan Parthasarathy" <mohanp@tahoenetworks.com>
To: "Pekka Savola" <pekkas@netcore.fi>
Cc: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>,
        "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>,
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Pekka,

> 
> On Sun, 9 Mar 2003, Mohan Parthasarathy wrote:
> > > On Sun, 9 Mar 2003, Jari Arkko wrote:
> > > > Interesting idea. In a way, this happens when the router and the
> > > > first node are upgraded to SEND: everyone else sends their ND
> > > > packets to the router, and all communications of the one SEND
> > > > node come through the router. The SEND node believes it is the
> > > > only node on the link. The other nodes are not on the link,
> > > > and ND is not used for communicating with them. Just like
> > > > any other node in the Internet.
> > > 
> > > Yep.
> > >  
> >
> > I am a bit confused by this. If "L" bit is set in the RA, then all
> > nodes will think all other nodes covered by that prefix is on-link.
> > In that case all nodes on that link covered by that prefix
> > will send the advertisements to solicited node multicast address of
> > the target node directly i.e how do you make the nodes send 
> the ND packets
> > to the router ? It would work if one never sets the L bit 
> in that case.
> > But as the SEND hosts increase, you may want them to 
> communicate directly
> > rather than through the router.
> 
> The neighbor solicitations are sent to the solicited-node multicast 
> address.  However, the on-link target node will not respond 
> to them: it 
> will not even see them (because they're protected by AH and 
> the target 
> node can't verify AH).
> 
Agreed. 

> This could be worked around by e.g.:
> 
> Modify the ND prototocol so that in the case of SEND:
>  1) solicits are sent to all-nodes multicast address, or

This requires the changes to the existing protocol, which may not be in
the scope of the WG.

>  2) the SEND router also joins all solicited-node multicast 
> addresses for 
> non-SEND nodes so it can see the solicitations

Or listen for all multicast packets (like multicast router) which is more
realistic to me. There are 2 cases :

1) ND packets coming from non-SEND nodes to SEND nodes. SEND node will drop
   the ND packet as it is not protected. The router will pick up this
   packet and it needs different set of IPsec processing rules i.e it needs
   to know whether the node that sent the ND packet is non-SEND or SEND.
   Assuming it accepts the packet, either it may have to initiate a NS
   (as it may not have neighbor cache entry) and then respond or directly respond.

2) ND packets coming from SEND nodes to non-SEND nodes. Non-send nodes will drop
   the ND packet as it is protected. The router will pick up this packet and
   sends the response directly or after querying the non-SEND node. 

From what i can understand, this seems to require some additional state to be
maintained as the router itself may not have the required neighbor cache entry.
If you don't want to maintain state, then the response needs to be multicasted.
And, i am still not clear on how you will configure the IPsec SPD entries on the 
SEND router. 

-mohan

> 
> -- 
> Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
> Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
> Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings
> 
> 

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Mar 10 18:47:27 2003
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To: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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Subject: Re: Proxy ND?
Date: Mon, 10 Mar 2003 15:44:11 -0800
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> I haven't thought of whether this breaks some of the IPsec
> processing rules we have. Have you?
>

Since there is no cryptographic tie between the frame address and the IP
address, the host doing proxy ND can set the IP address on the packet to
whatever it wants.

> I was assuming it contains the PK as well. Yes, it could be big.
> Actually, it might make sense for such certs to be distributed using
> the DC mechanisms than in the AH packet itself.
>

Yes. Also, the cert could be self-signed if the host isn't provisioned, since
provisioning of hosts is the hard case currently.

            jak

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From: "Hesham Soliman (EAB)" <hesham.soliman@era.ericsson.se>
To: "'Pekka Nikander'" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        "'SEND WG'"
	 <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: RE: psreq issue#1: Should draft-psreq discuss solutions at all?
Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 11:48:12 +0100
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  > Now, on the light of this, I am solicitating well grounded
  > opinions on whether the next version of the draft should
  > include any text about solutions?
  > 
  > If no, should the existing text be just removed or should
  > something else to be done to it.
  > 
  > If yes, is the existing level of illustrative talk about
  > solutions appropriate, or should there be more/less
  > text?

=> I think "yes". I think having examples of solutions
makes it easier to put things in context. Of course 
the problem is referencing these solutions in an RFC
because later some of these drafts will expire. 
But you can usually find them anyway so I would 
say keep them.

  > 
  > Additionally, if yes, should there be more informative
  > references to the possible solution approaches, or is the
  > current practice of mentioning or briefly describing the
  > solution approaches appropriate?

=> I think a very brief summary highlighting the main
features should suffice. 

Hesham

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 11 06:09:20 2003
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 13:08:47 +0200
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
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To: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>, Craig Metz <cmetz@inner.net>
Subject: psreq issue #11: Usage of the term "trust"
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In the current draft we write:

  It should be noted that the term "trust" is used here in a rather
  non-technical and loose manner.  The most appropriate interpretation
  is to consider it as an expression of an organizational or
  collective belief, i.e., an expression of commonly shared beliefs
  about the future behavior of the other involved parties.
  Conversely, the term "trust relationship" denotes a mutual a priori
  relationship between the involved organizations or parties where the
  parties believe that the other parties will behave correctly even in
  the future.  A trust relationship makes it possible to configure
  authentication and authorization information between the parties,
  while the lack of such a relationship makes it impossible to
  pre-configure such information.

Craig Metz comments on this (issue #11):

  Please DO NOT use the term trust in this loose manner. One of the
  single greatest problems I see in the security field is one of
  communication. More specifically, it's often the case that two
  people miscommunicate because they use precise terms for which each of
  them have slightly different understandings of their meanings.
  In crypto security, those slight differences are often critical.
  So it's very important to use the standard definitions strictly AND to
  provide precise background definitions of those terms also as an
  added protection against such miscommunication.

  The whole point of this document is to define trust models, so very
  rigid uses of to trust, trusted, and trusting are important.

  Put more simply, terminology is a huge rat hole, don't fall
  down it.

<wg chair hat off>

Now, while I personally agree with Craig in the large, I disagree
in this specific case.  The draft is a problem statement draft,
and while it defines trust models, it defines them in business
terms, not in technical terms.

Thus, I think it *is* appropriate to use the term in a non-technical
manner.  What comes to the "loose" manner, actually scanning the
document for the word trust gives me the impression that it is *not*
used in a loose manner any more.

Thus, as a document editor, I propose that we resolve this
issue simply by removing the words "and loose" from the paragraph
above.  While this does not change the substance of the document
in any way, it seems to better reflect the true nature of the
usage of the term in the document.

<wg chair hat on>

Do you think this proposed resolution is OK?  Or are there
specific occurances of the words "trust", "trustworthy", or
"trusted", which should be qualified better?

--Pekka Nikander

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 11 08:36:58 2003
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From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
cc: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Re: Send protocol and CGA
In-Reply-To: <00a901c2e72a$3c3eda70$156015ac@T23KEMPF>
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On Mon, 10 Mar 2003, James Kempf wrote:
> PekkaN and I are currently working with Ericsson and Microsoft in order to get
> CGAs released as free IPR for the purposes of SEND, to address the issue that
> you mention. We expect the release, should it occur, to be similar to RFC 1822.
> Please take some time to look at RFC 1822 and see if it meets your concerns. Of
> course, these things take time and we do not expect a complete statement of
> release by the SFO meeting.

A license similar to RFC1822 would seem sufficiently good to me, at least.  
Then, a CGA-only approach might be possible.

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings



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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 11 12:18:42 2003
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Message-ID: <00e401c2e7f1$4b3a6d10$156015ac@T23KEMPF>
From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>,
        "Craig Metz" <cmetz@inner.net>
References: <3E6DC3BF.6030807@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: psreq issue #11: Usage of the term "trust"
Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 09:11:43 -0800
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I agree with the change you are proposing, and think keeping the word trust is
fine. It is being used at a human level, not cyber level, in this draft.

            jak

----- Original Message -----
From: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
To: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>; "Craig Metz" <cmetz@inner.net>
Sent: Tuesday, March 11, 2003 3:08 AM
Subject: psreq issue #11: Usage of the term "trust"


> In the current draft we write:
>
>   It should be noted that the term "trust" is used here in a rather
>   non-technical and loose manner.  The most appropriate interpretation
>   is to consider it as an expression of an organizational or
>   collective belief, i.e., an expression of commonly shared beliefs
>   about the future behavior of the other involved parties.
>   Conversely, the term "trust relationship" denotes a mutual a priori
>   relationship between the involved organizations or parties where the
>   parties believe that the other parties will behave correctly even in
>   the future.  A trust relationship makes it possible to configure
>   authentication and authorization information between the parties,
>   while the lack of such a relationship makes it impossible to
>   pre-configure such information.
>
> Craig Metz comments on this (issue #11):
>
>   Please DO NOT use the term trust in this loose manner. One of the
>   single greatest problems I see in the security field is one of
>   communication. More specifically, it's often the case that two
>   people miscommunicate because they use precise terms for which each of
>   them have slightly different understandings of their meanings.
>   In crypto security, those slight differences are often critical.
>   So it's very important to use the standard definitions strictly AND to
>   provide precise background definitions of those terms also as an
>   added protection against such miscommunication.
>
>   The whole point of this document is to define trust models, so very
>   rigid uses of to trust, trusted, and trusting are important.
>
>   Put more simply, terminology is a huge rat hole, don't fall
>   down it.
>
> <wg chair hat off>
>
> Now, while I personally agree with Craig in the large, I disagree
> in this specific case.  The draft is a problem statement draft,
> and while it defines trust models, it defines them in business
> terms, not in technical terms.
>
> Thus, I think it *is* appropriate to use the term in a non-technical
> manner.  What comes to the "loose" manner, actually scanning the
> document for the word trust gives me the impression that it is *not*
> used in a loose manner any more.
>
> Thus, as a document editor, I propose that we resolve this
> issue simply by removing the words "and loose" from the paragraph
> above.  While this does not change the substance of the document
> in any way, it seems to better reflect the true nature of the
> usage of the term in the document.
>
> <wg chair hat on>
>
> Do you think this proposed resolution is OK?  Or are there
> specific occurances of the words "trust", "trustworthy", or
> "trusted", which should be qualified better?
>
> --Pekka Nikander
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
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> body to <ietf-send-request@standards.ericsson.net>.
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>

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 11 14:11:25 2003
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Message-ID: <01cb01c2e801$26bdf5f0$156015ac@T23KEMPF>
From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>, "Pekka Savola" <pekkas@netcore.fi>
Cc: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303082353070.6253-100000@netcore.fi> <3E6AF513.2020108@kolumbus.fi>
Subject: Secruity on Solicits (was: Re: Comments on SEND protocol)
Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 11:05:15 -0800
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> > 4. Secure Neighbor Discovery Overview
> >
> >    o  IPsec AH is used to protect all advertisement messages relating to
> >       Neighbor and Router discovery.  Solicitation messages are not
> >       protected, as they do not carry any information.
> >
> > ==> The latter sentence _incorrect_, and seems to be a show-stopper of a
> > kind.
>
> Yes, and this is indeed the biggest problem in the protocol that I know
> of at the moment. I think we mention it already in Section 14, by the way,
> but we didn't have time to invent a solution. One approach would be to
> avoid the solitications with an effect in SEND, but this would increase
> the number of messages in typical situations, which would be unfortunate
> for e.g. fast movements. More seriously, DAD would not work between two
> nodes who are testing the same address at the same time. Also, we wouldn't
> like to change the ND protocol as such.
>
> So what's wrong with just protecting solicitations in the same manner
> as advertisements? The reason is tricky. Consider the DAD probes, where
> the solicitation message has the unspecified address as a source, and the
> solicited node multicast address as a destination. The tested address
> appears within the ND packet in the Target Address option. If our
> security solution is at the IPsec layer, how can we test that the
> tested address and the signature have been associated in the right
> way? (Whether that association is through a cert with an address or
> via CGA is not relevant, but IPsec needs to access the address which
> for now only appears inside the application layer.)
>

Even if an IPsec header were put on, what would be the IP address of the SA? DAD
packets are sent with the unspecified address, as you indicate. This is a
problem with the IPsec approach v.s. the ICMP option approach, but we committed
to the IPsec approach now so it would be difficult to change.

Perhaps we could specify a "Secure Target Address" option that contained the
Target Address with a digital signature and the public key? This could be used
in the DAD case.

In the RS case, the packet is sent to the All Routers Multicast Address, but I
believe it can have the link local unicast address of the node. I could also
have the unspecified address, so the node could solicit a router before
performing DAD, but we could require a node to not use the unspecified address.
Or we could allow the "Secure Target Address" option in that case too, to allow
the unspecified address.

Note that if CGA addresses aren't used, the node receiving an NS with a Secure
Target Address option doesn't have any assurance that the sending node has a
right to claim the address, unless an authenticatable certificate is also
included in the NS.

            jak

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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>, "Pekka Savola" <pekkas@netcore.fi>
Cc: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303081557290.3285-100000@netcore.fi> <3E6AFF2C.6000504@kolumbus.fi>
Subject: Re: Proxy ND?
Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 11:17:43 -0800
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Jari,

> But I guess your question is if we can simply provide SEND
> for the RD part, and build secure ND from that? For instance,
> since the host trusts the router's keys, it would believe an
> NA sent by the router for a peer. The tricky part is, however,
> getting the router to believe the peer. And it needs to, otherwise
> sending an NA signed by the router would be pointless. With
> delegation chain discovery, all hosts can trust the router. But
> how to get mutual trust? This seems harder, basically something that
> would require host certs or CGA. And if you have those, is
> there a need for the router to act as a mediator?
>

Suppose instead of securing ND, SEND simply turns it off. That is, a node
establishes a security association with the router and routes all packets
through it, regardless of whether they are on the local link or not. So the
NS/NA messages are never sent for routing purposes.

One issue I can see with this is with DAD. We would have to specify some way for
router to do that. I suppose we would have specify some changes to the Neighbor
Cache, so that hosts owning addresses (and can prove ownership) renew them like
DHCP leases do by sending periodic NAs to the router. The router would have to
do proxy ND.

As for mutual trust, I agree this is an issue. It would require that hosts be
provisioned with their own certificates, something that has so far escaped the
Internet world. If CGAs are used, the router can know that the host is
authorized to use the address.

But this seems like a pretty big change to RFC 2461, so it would be better if we
could avoid it.

            jak

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 11 14:21:54 2003
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From: Bill Sommerfeld <sommerfeld@east.sun.com>
To: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
cc: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>, Craig Metz <cmetz@inner.net>
Subject: Re: psreq issue #11: Usage of the term "trust" 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Tue, 11 Mar 2003 13:08:47 +0200."
             <3E6DC3BF.6030807@nomadiclab.com> 
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Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 14:21:13 -0500
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For what it's worth, I've also suggested being more precise here.

"Trust" is itself a rather vague word.  

I think it's better to use words like "authorization" and
"delegation", and specify precisely what is authorized and how
authorizations are delegated and..

						- Bill
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 11 14:24:13 2003
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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Tuomas Aura" <tuomaura@microsoft.com>, <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
References: <C5673E2282E3234788224A0E7916EC5A06C269C7@red-msg-09.redmond.corp.microsoft.com>
Subject: Re: Factoring the spec into digestible pieces (RE: Send protocol and CGA)
Date: Tue, 11 Mar 2003 11:22:05 -0800
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The IPsec RSA transform is a candidate for sectioning off, but so far we have
not seen any interest from the IPsec group in this. I pinged Steve Bellovin on
it, as there was a draft in IPSEC WG earlier about such a transform (but
considerably sketchier than that in the SEND draft) and also Barbara Frasier.
Steve said he didn't think there was much interest and Barbara confirmed his
observation by not responding to my email. :-)

Removing it might slow down progress but I agree that having byte size chunks
helps (MIPv6 spec is too big). Let's talk about this at the WG meeting.

            jak

----- Original Message -----
From: "Tuomas Aura" <tuomaura@microsoft.com>
To: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Sent: Sunday, March 09, 2003 9:59 AM
Subject: Factoring the spec into digestible pieces (RE: Send protocol and CGA)


> Pekka Savola wrote:
> > Really, everything related to CGA must be thrown out of the
> > base spec, and placed in separate draft(s).  I thought this
> > was the design decision early on, has it changed or am I
> > misunderstanding something?
>
> I also think that the IPSec extensions should be factored out
> into a separate spec. Like CGA, they may have other uses
> beyond SEND.
>
> Let's keep this in small and digestible pieces, and make those
> pieces as universally usable as possible. Otherwise, we will
> have another giant spec that is impossible to check for
> completeness and consistency. (I'm sure Jari knows what
> particular prior example I'm thinking of.)
>
> Tuomas
>
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  E312L -------- $ 89.00<br>
  <span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6">23 - 1382625 High-Yield Laser Toner
  Cartridge for Lexmark Optra S (4059) ----------- $129.50<br>
  </span>24 - 12A5745 High Yield Laser Toner for Lexmark Optra T610, 612, 614
  (4069) -------- $165.00</font></tt></p>
  <p align="left"><font face="Lucida Sans Typewriter" size="3">Item&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  Epson&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  Price</font></p>
  <p align="left"><tt><font color="#000000" face="Lucida Sans Typewriter" size="2"><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6">25
  ---- S051009 Toner Cartridge for Epson EPL7000, 7500, 8000+ - $115.50<br>
  </span>25A --- S051009 LP-3000 PS 7000 --------------------------------
  $115.50<br>
  <span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6">26 ---- AS051011 Imaging Cartridge for
  ActionLaser-1000, 1500 -- $ 99.50<br>
  </span>26A --- AS051011 EPL-5000, EPL-5100, EPL-5200 ------------------ $
  99.50<br>
  </font></tt></p>
  <p align="left"><font face="Lucida Sans Typewriter" size="3">Item&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  Panasonic&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  Price</font></p>
  <p align="left"><tt><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6"><font color="#000000" face="Lucida Sans Typewriter" size="2">27
  ------Nec series 2 models 90 and 95 ---------------------- $109.50<br>
  </font></span></tt></p>
  <p align="left"><font face="Lucida Sans Typewriter" size="3">Item&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  Apple&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  Price</font></p>
  <p align="left"><tt><font color="#000000" face="Courier New" size="2"><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6">28
  ---- 2473G/A Laser Toner for LaserWriter Pro 600, 630, LaserWriter 16/600 PS -
  $ 57.50<br>
  </span>29 ---- 1960G/A Laser Toner for Apple LaserWriter Select, 300, 310, 360
  --------- $ 71.50<br>
  <span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6">30 ---- M0089LL/A Toner Cartridge for
  Laserwriter 300, 320 (74A) ---------------- $ 52.50<br>
  </span>31 ---- M6002 Toner Cartridge for Laserwriter IINT, IINTX, IISC, IIF,
  IIG (95A) - $ 47.50<br>
  <span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6">31A --- M0089LL/A Toner Cartridge for
  Laserwriter LS, NT, NTR, SC (75A) --------- $ 55.50<br>
  </span>32 ---- M4683G/A Laser Toner for LaserWriter 12, 640PS
  -------------------------- $ 85.50<br>
  </font></tt></p>
  <p align="left"><font face="Lucida Sans Typewriter" size="3">Item&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  Canon&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  Price</font></p>
  <p><tt><font color="#000000" face="Lucida Sans Typewriter" size="2"><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6">33
  --- Fax CFX-L3500, CFX-4000 CFX-L4500, CFX-L4500IE &amp; IF FX3 ----------- $
  49.50<br>
  </span>33A -- L-250, L-260i, L-300 FX3
  ------------------------------------------ $ 49.50<br>
  <span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6">33B -- LASER CLASS 2060, 2060P, 4000
  FX3 --------------------------------- $ 49.50<br>
  </span>34 --- LASER CLASS 5000, 5500, 7000, 7100, 7500, 6000 FX2
  ---------------- $ 49.50<span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6"><br>
  34A ---</span></font></tt><span style="background-color: #C4C4A6"><font size="2" face="Lucida Sans Typewriter">LBP-200V, LBP-8 II, IIR, 
            IIIT, IIIR EP-S</font></span><tt><font color="#000000" face="Lucida Sans Typewriter" size="2"><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6">--------------------------- $
  49.50<br>
  </span><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #FFFFFF">35 --- FAX 5000 FX2 ------------------------------------------------------ $
  49.50<br>
  </span><span style="background-color: #C4C4A6">36 --- LASER CLASS 8500, 9000, 9000L, 9000MS, 9500, 9500 MS, 9500 S FX4
  -- $ 49.50</span><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6"><br>
  </span><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #FFFFFF">36A -- Fax L700,720,760,770,775,777,780,785,790, &amp; L3300 FX1 -------------
  $ 49.50<br>
  </span><span style="background-color: #C4C4A6">36B -- L-800, L-900 FX4
  -------------------------------------------------- $ 49.50</span><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6"><br>
  </span><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #FFFFFF">37 --- A30R Toner Cartridge for PC-6, 6RE, 7, 11, 12 --------------------- $
  59.50<br>
  </span><span style="background-color: #C4C4A6">38 --- E-40 Toner Cartridge for PC-720, 740, 770, 790,795, 920, 950,
  980 - $ 85.50</span><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6"><br>
  </span><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #FFFFFF">38A -- E-20 Toner Cartridge for PC-310, 325, 330, 330L, 400, 420, 430 ---- $
  85.50<br>
  </span></font></tt></p>
  <p><font face="Lucida Sans Typewriter" size="3">Item&nbsp;&nbsp; Xerox&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;
  Price</font></p>
  <p><tt><font color="#000000" face="Lucida Sans Typewriter" size="2"><span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6">39
  ---- 6R900 75A ---- $ 55.50<br>
  </span>40 ---- 6R903 98A ---- $ 46.50<span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6"><br>
  41 ---- 6R902 95A ---- $ 49.50<br>
  </span>42 ---- 6R901 91A ---- $ 65.50<span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6"><br>
  43 ---- 6R908 06A ---- $ 42.50<br>
  </span>44 ---- 6R899 74A ---- $ 47.50<span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6"><br>
  45 ---- 6R928 96A ---- $ 72.50<br>
  </span>46 ---- 6R926 27X ---- $ 84.50<span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6"><br>
  47 ---- 6R906 09A ---- $ 92.50<br>
  </span>48 ---- 6R907 4MV ---- $ 89.50<span style="BACKGROUND-COLOR: #c4c4a6"><br>
  49 ---- 6R905 03A ---- $ 46.50</span></font></tt></p>
<p align="center"><font face="Arial" size="4"><span style="background-color: #FFFF00"><font color="#800000">call
toll free </font><font size="3" color="#808000">1-866-237-7397</font></span></font></p>
<i><font face="Arial" size="2" color="#808000">
<hr>
</font></i>
<p align="center"><font color="#808000" size="3" face="Arial">30 Day
unlimited warranty included on all products<br>
GT Toner Supplies guarantees these cartridges to be free from defects in
workmanship and material.</font><i><font face="Arial" size="2">
<hr>
</font></i>
<p align="left"><font color="#0000ff" size="3" face="Arial">We look
forward in doing business with you.</font></p>
<p align="left"><font size="2" face="Arial"><font color="#0000ff" size="3">Customer&nbsp;
Satisfaction guaranteed</font> <font color="#0000ff" size="3">!</font></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial"><font size="2">I<font color="#000080">f you are
ordering by e-mail (subject:order) or c.o.d. please fill out an order<br>
form with the following information:</font><font color="#808000">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#000080">
</font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#000080">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font><font color="#0000ff">
</font><font color="#808000">&nbsp;</font><font color="#000080"><br>
<br>
</font><font color="#808000">phone number<br>
company name<br>
first and last name<br>
street address<br>
city, state zip code&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></font><font size="4"><font color="#808000">Order
Now</font><font color="#000080"> call toll free </font><font color="#808000">1-866-237-7397</font></font><font size="2"><font color="#808000"><br>
<br>
</font><font color="#000080">If you are ordering by purchase order please fill
out an order form<br>
with the following information:&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<font color="#000080">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</font></font></font></p>
<p><font face="Arial"><font color="#808000" size="2">purchase
order number<br>
phone number<br>
company or school name<br>
shipping address and billing address<br>
city, state zip code&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font><font size="4"><font color="#808000">Order
Now</font> <font color="#000080">call toll free </font><font color="#808000">1-866-237-7397</font></font></font></p>
<p align="left"><font color="#800000" size="2" face="Arial">All trade
marks and brand names listed above are property of the respective<br>
holders and used for descriptive purposes only.</font></p>
</b>

</body>

</html>
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 11 17:04:45 2003
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To: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: psreq issue #11: Usage of the term "trust" 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Tue, 11 Mar 2003 13:08:47 +0200."
             <3E6DC3BF.6030807@nomadiclab.com> 
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>>>>> "Pekka" == Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com> writes:
    Pekka> Now, while I personally agree with Craig in the large, I disagree
    Pekka> in this specific case.  The draft is a problem statement draft,
    Pekka> and while it defines trust models, it defines them in business
    Pekka> terms, not in technical terms.

  A compromise is to use a new, nonsense (at least to english speakers)
word.

    Pekka> Do you think this proposed resolution is OK?  Or are there
    Pekka> specific occurances of the words "trust", "trustworthy", or
    Pekka> "trusted", which should be qualified better?

  I'm happy with your solution.

]       ON HUMILITY: to err is human. To moo, bovine.           |  firewalls  [
]   Michael Richardson, Sandelman Software Works, Ottawa, ON    |net architect[
] mcr@sandelman.ottawa.on.ca http://www.sandelman.ottawa.on.ca/ |device driver[
] panic("Just another Debian GNU/Linux using, kernel hacking, security guy"); [
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 11 17:14:42 2003
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 09:11:44 +1100
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: Secruity on Solicits (was: Re: Comments on SEND protocol)
To: James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
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Hi James,

I'm not sure that a new option is needed.

James Kempf wrote:
>>>4. Secure Neighbor Discovery Overview
>>>
>>>   o  IPsec AH is used to protect all advertisement messages relating to
>>>      Neighbor and Router discovery.  Solicitation messages are not
>>>      protected, as they do not carry any information.
>>>
>>>==> The latter sentence _incorrect_, and seems to be a show-stopper of a
>>>kind.
>>
>>Yes, and this is indeed the biggest problem in the protocol that I know
>>of at the moment. I think we mention it already in Section 14, by the way,
>>but we didn't have time to invent a solution. One approach would be to
>>avoid the solitications with an effect in SEND, but this would increase
>>the number of messages in typical situations, which would be unfortunate
>>for e.g. fast movements. More seriously, DAD would not work between two
>>nodes who are testing the same address at the same time. Also, we wouldn't
>>like to change the ND protocol as such.
>>
>>So what's wrong with just protecting solicitations in the same manner
>>as advertisements? The reason is tricky. Consider the DAD probes, where
>>the solicitation message has the unspecified address as a source, and the
>>solicited node multicast address as a destination. The tested address
>>appears within the ND packet in the Target Address option. If our
>>security solution is at the IPsec layer, how can we test that the
>>tested address and the signature have been associated in the right
>>way? (Whether that association is through a cert with an address or
>>via CGA is not relevant, but IPsec needs to access the address which
>>for now only appears inside the application layer.)
>>
> 
> 
> Even if an IPsec header were put on, what would be the IP address of the SA? DAD
> packets are sent with the unspecified address, as you indicate. This is a
> problem with the IPsec approach v.s. the ICMP option approach, but we committed
> to the IPsec approach now so it would be difficult to change.
> 
> Perhaps we could specify a "Secure Target Address" option that contained the
> Target Address with a digital signature and the public key? This could be used
> in the DAD case.

I agree that it's not really possible to protect DAD NS's,
although care should be taken by nodes defending their
addresses with cryptography, that they are not depleted
of resources by doing so. (when we cannot guarantee the'
validity of DAD NS's).  DAD NA's are likely to be sufficiently
secured, especially when CGA is used.

As you mention, the src address is unspecified for DAD.
All NS packets which don't have a specified source address
MUST contain a Source-Link-Layer-Address-Option(SLLAO).

This option updates neighbor cache entries by default.
If no security is required on solicitations with SLLAO,
then existing 'secure' NC entries will be overwritten by
unsecured messages.

Requiring security on NS's which contain SLLAO avoids the
issue of unspecified address. This could allow similar mechanisms
to those used for NA to be undertaken, since a unicast source
address is available for an SA, and similar updates are made
to neighbor cache entries.

> In the RS case, the packet is sent to the All Routers Multicast Address, but I
> believe it can have the link local unicast address of the node. I could also
> have the unspecified address, so the node could solicit a router before
> performing DAD, but we could require a node to not use the unspecified address.
> Or we could allow the "Secure Target Address" option in that case too, to allow
> the unspecified address.
> 
> Note that if CGA addresses aren't used, the node receiving an NS with a Secure
> Target Address option doesn't have any assurance that the sending node has a
> right to claim the address, unless an authenticatable certificate is also
> included in the NS.

Similar to the previous suggestion for NS's, RS's SHOULD contain
SLLAO if they have a specified source address.  It is possible to
ensure that no insecure neighbor cache updates are performed solely
by requiring security for RS's if SLLAO is present.

Greg

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 12 02:47:40 2003
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To: sommerfeld@east.sun.com
Cc: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>, Craig Metz <cmetz@inner.net>
Subject: Re: psreq issue #11: Usage of the term "trust"
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Bill Sommerfeld wrote:
> For what it's worth, I've also suggested being more precise here.
> 
> "Trust" is itself a rather vague word.  
> 
> I think it's better to use words like "authorization" and
> "delegation", and specify precisely what is authorized and how
> authorizations are delegated and..

Bill,

Your suggestion would be great.  However, I'm afraid I don't
have cycles for that right now.  Would you like to edit the
draft to change the terminology?  Anyone else?   If not, I'll
stick with the t-word in the next version of the draft, and
we'll see what the IESG says.

Now, what comes to the more technical documents, I really think
that we should take care of not using the t-word there.

--Pekka Nikander

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 12 02:58:48 2003
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From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
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Subject: Re: psreq issue #11: Usage of the term "trust"
References: <3E6DC3BF.6030807@nomadiclab.com> <00e401c2e7f1$4b3a6d10$156015ac@T23KEMPF>
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> Thus, as a document editor, I propose that we resolve this
> issue simply by removing the words "and loose" from the paragraph
> above.  While this does not change the substance of the document
> in any way, it seems to better reflect the true nature of the
> usage of the term in the document.
> 
> <wg chair hat on>
> 
> Do you think this proposed resolution is OK?  Or are there
> specific occurances of the words "trust", "trustworthy", or
> "trusted", which should be qualified better?

Based on the comments received, I resolved the issue by
removing the words "and loose", as I suggested.

However, I am not very happy with this resolution.  My only
defence is that this document is only a problem statement
document, and we really want to move forward.  Based on my
earlier experience, people rarely really come back to the
problem statement documents once they have been finished.
They work more like a baseline of understanding on what to
do.  The exact problems to solve tend to fluctuate somewhat
during the design process, as people start to understand
better what the issue is all about.

Thus, in order to save cycles for more important tasks,
I won't change the terminology.  However, if someone else
is willing to do that, I am happy to send the source rfc2xml
files for editing.

--Pekka Nikander

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 12 03:37:06 2003
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I am in the process of resolving issue #13.

Part of this issue seems to be the relationship between SEND
and access control.  To make the current situation clear,
I am adding the following paragraph to the Introduction section:

       Note that the SEND WG charter limits the scope of the working
       group to secure Neighbor Discovery functions.  Furthermore, the
       charter explicitly mentions zero configuration as a fundamental
       goal behind Neighbor discovery.  Together, these starting points
       imply that any network level access control functionality falls
       beyond the scope of this work.

Is that OK to everybody?

(Please refrain from discussing the relationship between
SEND and access control on this thread.  That is an
important issue, and it would be good to have a separate
thread of discussion for it.  This thread should only
discuss things directly related to psreq issue #13.
Thank you.)

--Pekka Nikander

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 12 04:24:29 2003
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I am in the process of resolving issue #13.

The second part of the comment concerned the qualities of
the potential solutions in the various trust models.  Since
I could not figure out how to exactly apply the comment to
the current document structure, I ended up adding a new
section, Assessment criteria.

5. Assessment criteria for solutions

    In this section we discuss a few criteria that may be used to assess
    the quality of solutions.  This list is not meant to be exhaustive.
    Rather than that, it represents a collection of qualities people paid
    attention at during the drafting of this document.

    Zero configuration.  The original Neighbor Discovery protocol was
       carefully designed to support zero configuration.  The secure
       protocol should support zero configuration to the extend possible.

    Access control.  It should be possible to use the solution both in
       scenarios where the devices need to gain access permission to
       access the network before running Neighbor Discovery, and in
       scenarios where the devices first gain access to a local network
       and run Neighbor Discovery, and are then later subject to access
       control for accessing some resources.

    Possession of keys.  The solutions should be evaluated in respect to
       the which parties possess keys and other valuable information, and
       on the threats created if these parties disclose this information
       to unauthorized parties.  For example, the solution should limit
       the damage caused if an authorized client discloses its private
       key to an attacker, either intentionally or as a consequence of a
       security breach.

    Scalability.  The solutions should be evaluated in respect to the
       number of keys, security associations, and other items used.  It
       is desirable that these numbers grow at most linearly with
       resepect to the number of nodes.

Is this OK?  Are there other important, general level criteria
that should be added to this list?

--Pekka Nikander


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 12 04:45:56 2003
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Pekka Nikander wrote:
> http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/issues/issue24.txt

> What is the feeling of the WG?  Should we adopt
> Craig's proposal, or stick with the current structure?

Based on the replies I received I am keeping the
current structure.

--Pekka Nikander


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 12 05:06:15 2003
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Message-ID: <3E6F0629.10609@nomadiclab.com>
Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 12:04:25 +0200
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
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Subject: psreq issues now addressed + going forward
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Folks,

I have now tried to address the issues raised on the
psreq draft during the WG LC to the best I could.

The issues and their resolution can be found at
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/issues.html
A brief version is copied below.

Four of the issues were rejected:  2, 9, 21, and 24.

#2 was rejected since I didn't find anything specific
    in it that I could have edited into the document.
#9 was rejected since it was decided to keep solutions
    talk in the draft (at least for now).
#21 was rejected since it was clearly out of the scope
#24 was rejected by working group consensus

Two of the issues involved resolution that I an not
particularly happy with:  #1 and #11.  I will take
these explicitly up in the WG meeting.

The rest were resolved by adding text to clarify
the relevant section of the draft, or (in the case of
#17) removing text that did not contribute much value
and only created confusion.

The new draft is available at the interim web page at 
http://www.tml.hut.fi/~pnr/SEND/
I will send the draft to the repositories immediately
once draft updates are again accepted.

We have 10 minute slot for covering these at San
Francisco.  I am planning to use 3 minutes to describe
the process and the result, and the remaining 7 minutes
for the issues about solutions (issue#1) and the
t-word, "trust" (issue#11).  However, it would be better
if we could properly deal with them already on the list,
and save a few minutes for the initial solution draft.

Our intention is to deliver the draft to the IESG
immediately after the San Francisco meeting.

--Pekka Nikander

#   Status     Description of the issue
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
   1 Resolved   Should the document talk about solutions at all?
   2 Rejected   Clarify the scope of the work
   3 Added text Discuss the shortcomings of current key distribution
   4 Adopted    Clarify the issue about key distribution
   5 Added text Clarify L2 issues in Section 3.2
   6 Added text Clarify operator certification capability in 4.1.1
   7 Added text Should the document talk about solutions in 4.2.1?
   8 Added text Add reference to secure DHCP in Section 4.2.6
   9 Rejected   Remove mitigation approaches from 4.3.1
  10 Added text Clarify the meaning of '+' in Section 4.4.
  11 Resolved   Use the term "trust" more carefully
  12 Added text Clarify the corporate intranet vs. secure L2 reasoning
  13 Added text Clarify the role of parties in each trust model
  14 Added text Expand section 3.3 about ad hoc networks
  15 Adopted    Add flooding DoS as a separate threat category
  16 Added text Clarify when you learn bindings from Solicitions
  17 Del'd text Clarify the issue with subnet router anycast address
  18 Adopted    Recommend refusal of override bit?
  19 Adopted    Recommend that only /64 on-link prefixes are accepted
  20 Adopted    New subthreat: flooding host's routing table
  21 Rejected   Add a note about DDNS access controls
  22 Adopted    Add a note that small hop limits should not be accepted
  23 Moved->#2  Clarify wording about what the scope of SEND work
  24 Rejected   Replace the current 3 trust scenarios
  25 Added text Add descriptions for replay attacks
  26 Added text 4.1.3 Do not limit the number of addresses in DAD?

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 12 08:22:46 2003
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From: Alexandru Petrescu<petrescu@nal.motlabs.com>
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To: Jari Arkko<jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
Cc: Pekka Savola<pekkas@netcore.fi>, <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: Send protocol and CGA
References: <Pine.LNX.4.44.0303080951210.1629-100000@netcore.fi> <3E69B71C.6010501@kolumbus.fi>
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Jari Arkko wrote:
> However, at least Ericsson is in the process of preparing an IPR 
> and licensing statement relating to SEND. Hopefully other companies
>  will do the same.

Hi Jari, since this came up here, I reply here, but it is more
relevant to the IPR wg.

My personal hope is that I would like to see other companies spend as
much time selling the IETF ideas to their IPD as they spend in
selling their company's ideas to IETF.  Of course, that is an
internal activity that I can't really see, but from what I see at the
IETF public lists and in cooperative projects with other companies I
could easily deduce a striking difference.

Just two cents.

-- 
Message Classification: GBU

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 12 12:09:33 2003
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Message-ID: <009101c2e8b9$919af2c0$286015ac@T23KEMPF>
From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Cc: "Craig Metz" <cmetz@inner.net>
References: <3E6EF16C.2070007@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: psreq issue #13: part I: The relationship of SEND and access control
Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 09:05:21 -0800
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That is the intent. Access control is not in the charter.

            jak

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
To: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Cc: "Craig Metz" <cmetz@inner.net>
Sent: Wednesday, March 12, 2003 12:35 AM
Subject: psreq issue #13: part I: The relationship of SEND and access control


> I am in the process of resolving issue #13.
> 
> Part of this issue seems to be the relationship between SEND
> and access control.  To make the current situation clear,
> I am adding the following paragraph to the Introduction section:
> 
>        Note that the SEND WG charter limits the scope of the working
>        group to secure Neighbor Discovery functions.  Furthermore, the
>        charter explicitly mentions zero configuration as a fundamental
>        goal behind Neighbor discovery.  Together, these starting points
>        imply that any network level access control functionality falls
>        beyond the scope of this work.
> 
> Is that OK to everybody?
> 
> (Please refrain from discussing the relationship between
> SEND and access control on this thread.  That is an
> important issue, and it would be good to have a separate
> thread of discussion for it.  This thread should only
> discuss things directly related to psreq issue #13.
> Thank you.)
> 
> --Pekka Nikander
> 
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 12 12:19:43 2003
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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Cc: "Craig Metz" <cmetz@inner.net>
References: <3E6EFBC4.4070805@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: psreq issue #13: part II: Assessment criteria
Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 09:14:16 -0800
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General comment:

I had been thinking that the assessment of the solution would regress against
the requirements, in the sense of how the protocol blocked the threats in the
threats draft. I don't see a need for any detailed requirement list, the threats
make that clear.What's below seem like high level goals, and I would phrase them
as such (i.e. goals rather than assessment criteria). Also, I would formulate an
overall goal of attempting to maintain fidelity with the base ND design goals in
RFC 2461. It probably doesn't hurt to re-iterate those here, but it should be
made clear that it is just a re-iteration.

Editorial comments:


> 5. Assessment criteria for solutions
>
>     In this section we discuss a few criteria that may be used to assess
>     the quality of solutions.  This list is not meant to be exhaustive.
>     Rather than that, it represents a collection of qualities people paid
>     attention at during the drafting of this document.
>

I think the final sentence is unnecessary. It is always the case that something
may be left out. See general comments about how to beef up the introduction.

>     Zero configuration.  The original Neighbor Discovery protocol was
>        carefully designed to support zero configuration.  The secure
>        protocol should support zero configuration to the extend possible.

^^^^^

extent
>
>     Access control.  It should be possible to use the solution both in
>        scenarios where the devices need to gain access permission to
>        access the network before running Neighbor Discovery, and in
>        scenarios where the devices first gain access to a local network
>        and run Neighbor Discovery, and are then later subject to access
>        control for accessing some resources.
>
>     Possession of keys.  The solutions should be evaluated in respect to
>        the which parties possess keys and other valuable information, and
>        on the threats created if these parties disclose this information
>        to unauthorized parties.  For example, the solution should limit
>        the damage caused if an authorized client discloses its private
>        key to an attacker, either intentionally or as a consequence of a
>        security breach.
>

Isn't it true that any security solution should exhibit this property? If so, is
there a real need to restate it here?

>     Scalability.  The solutions should be evaluated in respect to the
>        number of keys, security associations, and other items used.  It
>        is desirable that these numbers grow at most linearly with
>        resepect to the number of nodes.
>

Again, I think this is a basic scalability goal and I question the need to
restate it. The Seamoby WG became hung up and spent months discussing exactly
how to quantify scalability. I'd rather not see that happen here. This design,
as an extension of the base ND design, should have the same scalability
properties, the security part as well.

            jak


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 12 14:32:45 2003
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Subject: Re: psreq issue #13: part II: Assessment criteria
References: <3E6EFBC4.4070805@nomadiclab.com> <009d01c2e8ba$d0ba8140$286015ac@T23KEMPF>
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James Kempf wrote:
> General comment:
> 
> I had been thinking that the assessment of the solution would regress against
> the requirements, in the sense of how the protocol blocked the threats in the
> threats draft. I don't see a need for any detailed requirement list, the threats
> make that clear.What's below seem like high level goals, and I would phrase them
> as such (i.e. goals rather than assessment criteria). Also, I would formulate an
> overall goal of attempting to maintain fidelity with the base ND design goals in
> RFC 2461. It probably doesn't hurt to re-iterate those here, but it should be
> made clear that it is just a re-iteration.

I have no problem leaving the new section completely out.
I just tried to incorporate Craig's comment, filed as issue#13.

I'll do whatever the WG feels is the right thing.

--Pekka

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 12 15:48:03 2003
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Message-ID: <01d101c2e8d8$4f5ed470$286015ac@T23KEMPF>
From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Cc: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>,
        "Craig Metz" <cmetz@inner.net>
References: <3E6EFBC4.4070805@nomadiclab.com> <009d01c2e8ba$d0ba8140$286015ac@T23KEMPF> <3E6F8ADD.90005@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: psreq issue #13: part II: Assessment criteria
Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 12:45:26 -0800
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IMHO, I think a single paragraph with a statement of basic goals would be
sufficient.


            jak

----- Original Message -----
From: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
To: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Cc: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>; "Craig Metz" <cmetz@inner.net>
Sent: Wednesday, March 12, 2003 11:30 AM
Subject: Re: psreq issue #13: part II: Assessment criteria


> James Kempf wrote:
> > General comment:
> >
> > I had been thinking that the assessment of the solution would regress
against
> > the requirements, in the sense of how the protocol blocked the threats in
the
> > threats draft. I don't see a need for any detailed requirement list, the
threats
> > make that clear.What's below seem like high level goals, and I would phrase
them
> > as such (i.e. goals rather than assessment criteria). Also, I would
formulate an
> > overall goal of attempting to maintain fidelity with the base ND design
goals in
> > RFC 2461. It probably doesn't hurt to re-iterate those here, but it should
be
> > made clear that it is just a re-iteration.
>
> I have no problem leaving the new section completely out.
> I just tried to incorporate Craig's comment, filed as issue#13.
>
> I'll do whatever the WG feels is the right thing.
>
> --Pekka
>
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 12 22:57:55 2003
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 19:56:31 -0800
Subject: comments on send-ipsec-00
From: Alper Yegin <alper@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
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Hello,

I just finished reading the draft. Here are some questions/comments:

- This is a simple, and possibly a dumb question: In what type of networks
are we concerned about unauthorized nodes sending bogus router
advertisements? Possibly in public access networks, right? Couldn't we
simply prevent client hosts from sending RAs by installing filters on the
enforcement points (like APs in WLAN hotspots)? Any RA sent on the radio
network can be dropped. Sure it is none of the business of the L2 bridge to
do that from an architectural point of view, but from a practical point of
view......

- "If (DAD) clashes are detected
   after three tries, the node is probably under attack, so it should
   shut down and report the situation to an administrator."

Isn't DAD mechanism protected by CGAs as well? How can the attacker produce
the right cryptographic information to claim 3 different IP addresses in a
row?

- Can the routers still send unsolicited advertisements that can be verified
by hosts with different Trusted Roots? Or, do they have to unicast a
different advertisement to each host?

- "One effect of this is that secure hosts can not communicate with
   insecure hosts using link-local addresses, and vice versa." Can an
insecure host and SEND-secured host still detect DAD collision on their
link-local addresses? If not, then we end up duplicate link-local addresses
on the same link, and this is a no good.

- "An attacker may still be able to
   prevent valid responses or requests from reaching the intended
   recipient.  As a result both participants are forced to believe that
   no address collision exists, when there in fact is."
How can the attacker do that? Is it a MitM physically separating victims?

Thanks in advance.

alper 

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 12 23:29:27 2003
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Date: Wed, 12 Mar 2003 20:28:08 -0800
Subject: Re: psreq issue #13: part I: The relationship of SEND and access
	control
From: Alper Yegin <alper@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
CC: Craig Metz <cmetz@inner.net>
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Hi Pekka,

>      Note that the SEND WG charter limits the scope of the working
>      group to secure Neighbor Discovery functions.  Furthermore, the
>      charter explicitly mentions zero configuration as a fundamental
>      goal behind Neighbor discovery.  Together, these starting points
>      imply that any network level access control functionality falls
>      beyond the scope of this work.

I don't know if these two points really imply your conclusion, but
you can say "Network access authentication and access control are outside
the scope of SEND protocol".

alper

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Mar 13 04:17:20 2003
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To: "'Pekka Nikander'" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        SEND WG
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Subject: RE: psreq issue #13: part II: Assessment criteria
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> Is this OK?  Are there other important, general level criteria
> that should be added to this list?

How about efficiency in some form? I care a lot about not
introducing a large number of additional messages, for instance.
I guess scalability covers this partially (e.g. prevents us to
use a new RS-RA pair for every new host) but it may not be
completely sufficient.

Jari
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Mar 13 04:20:52 2003
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To: Alper Yegin <alper@docomolabs-usa.com>
Cc: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>, Craig Metz <cmetz@inner.net>
Subject: Re: psreq issue #13: part I: The relationship of SEND and access
 control
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Alper Yegin wrote:
> Hi Pekka,
> 
> 
>>     Note that the SEND WG charter limits the scope of the working
>>     group to secure Neighbor Discovery functions.  Furthermore, the
>>     charter explicitly mentions zero configuration as a fundamental
>>     goal behind Neighbor discovery.  Together, these starting points
>>     imply that any network level access control functionality falls
>>     beyond the scope of this work.
> 
> 
> I don't know if these two points really imply your conclusion, but
> you can say "Network access authentication and access control are outside
> the scope of SEND protocol".

I changed the paragraph to read as follows:

       Note that the SEND WG charter limits the scope of the working
       group to secure Neighbor Discovery functions.  Furthermore, the
       charter explicitly mentions zero configuration as a fundamental
       goal behind Neighbor discovery.  Network access authentication
       and access control are outside the scope of this work.

Ok to everybody?

--Pekka


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From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
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To: James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Cc: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>, Craig Metz <cmetz@inner.net>
Subject: Re: psreq issue #13: part II: Assessment criteria
References: <3E6EFBC4.4070805@nomadiclab.com> <009d01c2e8ba$d0ba8140$286015ac@T23KEMPF> <3E6F8ADD.90005@nomadiclab.com> <01d101c2e8d8$4f5ed470$286015ac@T23KEMPF>
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James Kempf wrote:
> IMHO, I think a single paragraph with a statement of basic goals would be
> sufficient.

I removed the new section, and replaced it with a single paragraph
in the introduction.  The new introduction reads as below.

Everybody happy?

--Pekka


1. Introduction

    The IPv6 Neighbor Discovery RFC2461 [3] and Address Autoconfiguration
    RFC2462 [4] mechanisms are used by nodes in an IPv6 network to learn
    the local topology, including the IP to MAC address mappings for the
    local nodes, the IP and MAC addresses of the routers present in the
    local network, and the routing prefixes served by the local routers.
    The current specifications suggest that IPsec AH RFC2402 [2] may be
    used to secure the mechanisms, but does not specify how.  It appears
    that using current AH mechanisms is problematic due to key management
    problems [11].

    To solve the problem, the Secure Neighbor Discovery (SEND) working
    group was chartered in fall 2002.  The goal of the working group is
    to define protocol support for securing IPv6 Neighbor Discovery
    without requiring excessive manual keying.

    The purpose of this document is to define the types of networks in
    which the Secure IPv6 Neighbor Discovery mechanisms are expected to
    work, and the threats that the security protocol(s) must address.  To
    fulfill this purpose, this document first defines three different
    trust models, roughly corresponding to secured corporate intranets,
    public wireless access networks, and pure ad hoc networks.  After
    that, a number of threats are discussed in the light of these trust
    models.  The threat catalog is aimed to be exhaustive, but it is
    likely that some threats are still missing.  Thus, ideas for new
    threats to consider are solicited.

1.1 Remarks

    Note that the SEND WG charter limits the scope of the working group
    to secure Neighbor Discovery functions.  Furthermore, the charter
    explicitly mentions zero configuration as a fundamental goal behind
    Neighbor discovery.  Network access authentication and access control
    are outside the scope of this work.

    During the discussions while preparing this document, the following
    aspects that may help to evaluate the eventual solutions were
    mentioned.

       Zero configuration

       Interaction with access control solutions

       Scalability

       Efficiency

    However, The main evaluation criteria is formed by the trust models
    and threat lists.

    [[This document occasionally discusses solution proposals, such as
    CGA [10]  and ABK [9]. However, the discussion is solely for
    illustrative purposes.  It is meant to give the readers a more
    concrete idea of some possible solutions.  It does NOT indicate any
    preference on solutions on the behalf of the authors or the working
    group.  In this version of this draft, all "solution talk" is
    enclosed in double brackets, just like this paragraph.]]

    It should be noted that the term "trust" is used here in a rather
    non-technical manner.  The most appropriate interpretation is to
    consider it as an expression of an organizational or collective
    belief, i.e., an expression of commonly shared beliefs about the
    future behavior of the other involved parties. Conversely, the term
    "trust relationship" denotes a mutual a priori relationship between
    the involved organizations or parties where the parties believe that
    the other parties will behave correctly even in the future.  A trust
    relationship makes it possible to configure authentication and
    authorization information between the parties, while the lack of such
    a relationship makes it impossible to pre-configure such information.



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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Mar 13 12:15:59 2003
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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
Cc: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>,
        "Craig Metz" <cmetz@inner.net>
References: <3E6EFBC4.4070805@nomadiclab.com> <009d01c2e8ba$d0ba8140$286015ac@T23KEMPF> <3E6F8ADD.90005@nomadiclab.com> <01d101c2e8d8$4f5ed470$286015ac@T23KEMPF> <3E705384.8090803@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: psreq issue #13: part II: Assessment criteria
Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 09:08:51 -0800
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looks good.

            jak

----- Original Message -----
From: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
To: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Cc: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>; "Craig Metz" <cmetz@inner.net>
Sent: Thursday, March 13, 2003 1:46 AM
Subject: Re: psreq issue #13: part II: Assessment criteria


> James Kempf wrote:
> > IMHO, I think a single paragraph with a statement of basic goals would be
> > sufficient.
>
> I removed the new section, and replaced it with a single paragraph
> in the introduction.  The new introduction reads as below.
>
> Everybody happy?
>
> --Pekka
>
>
> 1. Introduction
>
>     The IPv6 Neighbor Discovery RFC2461 [3] and Address Autoconfiguration
>     RFC2462 [4] mechanisms are used by nodes in an IPv6 network to learn
>     the local topology, including the IP to MAC address mappings for the
>     local nodes, the IP and MAC addresses of the routers present in the
>     local network, and the routing prefixes served by the local routers.
>     The current specifications suggest that IPsec AH RFC2402 [2] may be
>     used to secure the mechanisms, but does not specify how.  It appears
>     that using current AH mechanisms is problematic due to key management
>     problems [11].
>
>     To solve the problem, the Secure Neighbor Discovery (SEND) working
>     group was chartered in fall 2002.  The goal of the working group is
>     to define protocol support for securing IPv6 Neighbor Discovery
>     without requiring excessive manual keying.
>
>     The purpose of this document is to define the types of networks in
>     which the Secure IPv6 Neighbor Discovery mechanisms are expected to
>     work, and the threats that the security protocol(s) must address.  To
>     fulfill this purpose, this document first defines three different
>     trust models, roughly corresponding to secured corporate intranets,
>     public wireless access networks, and pure ad hoc networks.  After
>     that, a number of threats are discussed in the light of these trust
>     models.  The threat catalog is aimed to be exhaustive, but it is
>     likely that some threats are still missing.  Thus, ideas for new
>     threats to consider are solicited.
>
> 1.1 Remarks
>
>     Note that the SEND WG charter limits the scope of the working group
>     to secure Neighbor Discovery functions.  Furthermore, the charter
>     explicitly mentions zero configuration as a fundamental goal behind
>     Neighbor discovery.  Network access authentication and access control
>     are outside the scope of this work.
>
>     During the discussions while preparing this document, the following
>     aspects that may help to evaluate the eventual solutions were
>     mentioned.
>
>        Zero configuration
>
>        Interaction with access control solutions
>
>        Scalability
>
>        Efficiency
>
>     However, The main evaluation criteria is formed by the trust models
>     and threat lists.
>
>     [[This document occasionally discusses solution proposals, such as
>     CGA [10]  and ABK [9]. However, the discussion is solely for
>     illustrative purposes.  It is meant to give the readers a more
>     concrete idea of some possible solutions.  It does NOT indicate any
>     preference on solutions on the behalf of the authors or the working
>     group.  In this version of this draft, all "solution talk" is
>     enclosed in double brackets, just like this paragraph.]]
>
>     It should be noted that the term "trust" is used here in a rather
>     non-technical manner.  The most appropriate interpretation is to
>     consider it as an expression of an organizational or collective
>     belief, i.e., an expression of commonly shared beliefs about the
>     future behavior of the other involved parties. Conversely, the term
>     "trust relationship" denotes a mutual a priori relationship between
>     the involved organizations or parties where the parties believe that
>     the other parties will behave correctly even in the future.  A trust
>     relationship makes it possible to configure authentication and
>     authorization information between the parties, while the lack of such
>     a relationship makes it impossible to pre-configure such information.
>
>
>
>

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Mar 13 13:11:08 2003
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Message-ID: <00e001c2e983$2d7d7720$286015ac@T23KEMPF>
From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        "Alper Yegin" <alper@docomolabs-usa.com>
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References: <BA9548D8.2E44%alper@docomolabs-usa.com> <3E704D62.2090005@nomadiclab.com>
Subject: Re: psreq issue #13: part I: The relationship of SEND and access control
Date: Thu, 13 Mar 2003 09:08:31 -0800
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let's print it...

            jak

----- Original Message -----
From: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
To: "Alper Yegin" <alper@docomolabs-usa.com>
Cc: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>; "Craig Metz" <cmetz@inner.net>
Sent: Thursday, March 13, 2003 1:20 AM
Subject: Re: psreq issue #13: part I: The relationship of SEND and access
control


> Alper Yegin wrote:
> > Hi Pekka,
> >
> >
> >>     Note that the SEND WG charter limits the scope of the working
> >>     group to secure Neighbor Discovery functions.  Furthermore, the
> >>     charter explicitly mentions zero configuration as a fundamental
> >>     goal behind Neighbor discovery.  Together, these starting points
> >>     imply that any network level access control functionality falls
> >>     beyond the scope of this work.
> >
> >
> > I don't know if these two points really imply your conclusion, but
> > you can say "Network access authentication and access control are outside
> > the scope of SEND protocol".
>
> I changed the paragraph to read as follows:
>
>        Note that the SEND WG charter limits the scope of the working
>        group to secure Neighbor Discovery functions.  Furthermore, the
>        charter explicitly mentions zero configuration as a fundamental
>        goal behind Neighbor discovery.  Network access authentication
>        and access control are outside the scope of this work.
>
> Ok to everybody?
>
> --Pekka
>
>
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5 RIDER HAGGARD 
CLOSE, JO, BORG 
SOUTH AFRICA. 
(HIGHLY CONFIDENTIAL) 
  
Ref: TRANSFER OF ($ 152,000.000.00 USD ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTY TWO MILLION DOLLARS) 
  
Dear Sir, 
 
We want to transfer to overseas ($ 152,000.000.00 USD)One hundred and Fifty two million United State Dollars) from a Prime Bank in Africa, I want to ask you to quietly look for a reliable and honest person who will be capable and fit to provide either an existing bank account or to set up a new Bank a/c immediately to receive this money, even an empty a/c can serve to receive this money, as long as you will remain honest to me till the end for this important 
business trusting in you and believing in God that you will never let me down either now or in future.
  
I am DR. MOSES O. EKWONWA.the Auditor General of prime Banks, during the course of our auditing I Discovered a floating fund in an account opened In the bank in 1990 and since 1993 nobody has Operated on this account again, after going through some old files in the records I discovered that the owner of the account died without a [heir] hence the money is floating and if I do not remit this money out urgently it will be forfeited for nothing. the owner of this account is Mr. Allan P.Seaman, a foreigner, and an industrialist, and he died since 1993. And no other person knows about this account or any thing concerning it, the account has no other Beneficiary and my investigation proved to me as well that Allan P. Seaman until his death was the manager Diamond Safari [pty]. SA. 
 
We will start the first transfer with fifty two million [$52,000.000] upon successful transaction without any disappoint from your side, we shall re-apply for the payment of the remaining rest amount to your account, The amount involved is (USD152M) One hundred and Fifty two million United States Dollars, only I want to first transfer $52,000.000 [fifty two million United States Dollar from this money into a safe foreigners account abroad before the rest, but I don't know any foreigner, I am only contacting you as a foreigner because this money can not be approved to a local person here, without valid international foreign passport, but can only be approved to any foreigner with valid international passport or drivers license and foreign a/c because the money is in us dollars and the former owner of the a/c Mr. Allan P. Seaman is a foreigner too, [and the money can only be approved into a foreign a/c. However, we will sign a binding agreement, to bind us together I got your !
contact address through Internet when I’m looking for person or company who will assist me, I am revealing this to you with believe in God that you will never let me Down in this business, you are the first and the only person that I am contacting for this business, so please reply urgently so that I will inform you the next step to take urgently. Send also your private telephone and fax number including the full details of the account to be used for the deposit. 
 
I want us to meet face to face to build confidence and to sign a binding agreement that will bind us together before transferring the money to any account of your choice where the fund will be safe. Before we fly to your country for withdrawal, sharing and investments.
  
I need your full co-operation to make this work fine. because the management is ready to approve this payment to any foreigner who has correct information of this account, which I will give to you, upon your positive response and once I am convinced that you are capable and will meet up with instruction of a key bank official who is deeply involved with me in this business. I need your strong assurance that you will never, never let me down. 
 
With my influence and the position of the bank official we can transfer this money to any foreigner’s reliable account which you can provide with assurance that this money will be intact pending our physical arrival in your country for sharing.The bank official will destroy all documents of transaction immediately 
we receive this money leaving no trace to any place and to build confidence you can come immediately to discuss with me face to face after which I will make this remittance in your presence and three of us will fly to your country at least two days ahead of the money going into the account. 
  
I will apply for annual leave to get visa immediately I hear from you that you are ready to act and receive this fund in your account. I will use my position and influence to obtain all legal approvals for onward transfer of this money to your account with appropriate clearance from the relevant ministries and foreign exchange departments. 
  
At the conclusion of this business, you will be given 35% of the total amount, 60% will be for me, while 5% will be for expenses both parties might have incurred during the process of transferring. 

I look forward to your earliest reply . 
  
Yours truly,

Dr.Moses



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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 18 13:33:00 2003
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From: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
To: <tuomaura@microsoft.com>
CC: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: CGA draft and paper
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 20:19:43 +0200
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Tuomas Aura wrote:

> http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-aura-cga-00.txt

I like this draft a lot. In particular, I like the two-step
construction of the addresses in order to make care-of address
construction efficient.

A few minor comments:

* Introduction: is there a reference to someone using CGAs for
  opportunistic IPsec?

* Why MD5 and not SHA1?

* Section 6, "(These DoS attacks can be prevented if the IPv6
  ND messages are authenticated with CGA addresses.)" It might
  make sense to clarify that legitimate collisions can still
  occur.

Jari 


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 18 13:47:45 2003
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From: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
To: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
CC: <malin.gullstrand@era.ericsson.se>
Subject: Ericsson IPR statement
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 20:34:45 +0200
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FYI: The below IPR statement concerning draft-ietf-send-ipsec-00.txt
has been sent to the IETF secretariat.

Jari
----

License statement IETF- CGA
PATENT LICENSE UNDERTAKING
In the SEND Working Group in the Internet Engineering Task Force
(IETF), the proposal "draft-ietf-send-ipsec-00.txt"
(http://search.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-send-ipsec-00.txt)
dated February 2003 has been made by Jari Arkko at Ericsson Research
as well as co-authors from DoCoMo, Microsoft and SUN Microsystems. In
the following, said submission and any future revision of said
submission is referred to as "the CGA submission".
Ericsson's general patent license statement
(http://www.ietf.org/ietf/IPR/ERICSSON-General) also applies to the
CGA submission.
In addition, for the CGA submission, if said submission is included in
the IETF SEND standard and Ericsson has patents that are essential to
the implementation of such included submission in said standard,
Ericsson shall not assert any such patent against any company or legal
entity using said patents in the IETF SEND standard. The Ericsson
non-assertion is conditional upon such company or legal entity not
asserting any patents within the IETF SEND standard against Ericsson. 
For all other purposes Ericsson's general patent license statement as
referred to above, shall apply.

----------------------------------------------------------------------
--------------------------------------------------------------
Malin Gullstrand, M. Sc. E. E.
Licensing Manager
IPR & Licensing; Ericsson AB
Phone: +46 8 719 94 85
Mobile: +46 70 593 5921

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 18 14:37:27 2003
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Subject: RE: CGA draft and paper
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From: "Tuomas Aura" <tuomaura@microsoft.com>
To: "SEND WG" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>,
        "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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> -----Original Message-----
> From: Jari Arkko [mailto:jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi]
> Sent: 16 March 2003 06:27
> To: Tuomas Aura
> Cc: SEND WG
> 
> Tuomas Aura wrote:
> 
> > http://www.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-aura-cga-00.txt
> 
> I like this draft a lot. In particular, I like the two-step
> construction of the addresses in order to make care-of address
> construction efficient.
> 
> A few minor comments:
> 
> * Introduction: is there a reference to someone using CGAs for
>    opportunistic IPsec?

No. I just think it is the right thing to do. I should probably 
remove references to uses beyond SEND and just say that there
are several.

> 
> * Why MD5 and not SHA1?

Because an MD5 hash is 128 bits long --> easier to write the formula
for bitwise AND and OR with an IPv6 address. Really, there is no other
reason. My first goal has been to make the spec readable and
unambiguous.

> 
> * Section 6, "(These DoS attacks can be prevented if the IPv6
>    ND messages are authenticated with CGA addresses.)" It might
>    make sense to clarify that legitimate collisions can still
>    occur.

Ok.

> 
> Jari

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 18 14:41:25 2003
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From: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
To: <tuomaura@microsoft.com>, <pekkas@netcore.fi>
CC: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: factoring the spec into digestible pieces
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 21:40:03 +0200
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Tuomas Aura wrote:

> I also think that the IPSec extensions should be factored out
> into a separate spec. Like CGA, they may have other uses beyond SEND.
> Let's keep this in small and digestible pieces, and make those pieces as universally usable as possible. 


One possible approach is to describe the basic protocol
pieces in separate drafts, then have one main SEND draft
to show how they are used together. For instance,

    * Delegation chain discovery protocol
    * IPsec asymmentric extension (refs: CGA addresses)
    * CGA addresses
    * Secure ND (refs: all of the above)

The last one would be basically sections 4, 8-12 of the
current spec. One problem with this approach is that I
think Pekka S wanted to separate the CGA parts not just
in terms of the technical pieces, but also in terms of
security considerations etc. But perhaps this could be
dealt with by clearly separating the security properties
in the last document for the following four cases:

    (a) Only CGA addresses available
    (b) Only trusted root for routers available
    (c) Trusted root available for both hosts and routers
    (d) CGA and trusted root available

Jari 

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 18 15:32:39 2003
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 22:31:08 +0200 (EET)
From: Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi
cc: tuomaura@microsoft.com, <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: factoring the spec into digestible pieces
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On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi wrote:
> > I also think that the IPSec extensions should be factored out
> > into a separate spec. Like CGA, they may have other uses beyond SEND.
> > Let's keep this in small and digestible pieces, and make those pieces as universally usable as possible. 
> 
> One possible approach is to describe the basic protocol
> pieces in separate drafts, then have one main SEND draft
> to show how they are used together. For instance,
> 
>     * Delegation chain discovery protocol
>     * IPsec asymmentric extension (refs: CGA addresses)
>     * CGA addresses
>     * Secure ND (refs: all of the above)

I'm having a bit difficulties visualizing what would go to each part.
 
> The last one would be basically sections 4, 8-12 of the
> current spec. One problem with this approach is that I
> think Pekka S wanted to separate the CGA parts not just
> in terms of the technical pieces, but also in terms of
> security considerations etc. But perhaps this could be
> dealt with by clearly separating the security properties
> in the last document for the following four cases:
> 
>     (a) Only CGA addresses available
>     (b) Only trusted root for routers available
>     (c) Trusted root available for both hosts and routers
>     (d) CGA and trusted root available

What I think could be preferable is to have a separation where the SEND
core protocol does not discuss CGA at all and has only an informative
reference to CGA mechanisms.

So, I was in support of a "stronger" separation, pending the resolution of 
IPR issues.

If docs were split when there are no IPR-specific CGA concerns, the 
separation would likely be different.

-- 
Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 18 19:00:49 2003
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To: "Pekka Savola" <pekkas@netcore.fi>, <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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Subject: Re: factoring the spec into digestible pieces
Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 15:56:12 -0800
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So it sounds to me like we should keep the document in one piece if we can get
the IPR resolved. If not, we should split out CGAs and simply have a reference
to them.

As a practical matter, I think keeping as much as makes sense in a single spec
is a better approach, since it will make advancing easier. The only other part I
can think of that I see makes sense to split out is the RSA Transform. A reason
for splitting might be that it could be useful for other purposes. But it might
make slow the spec down.

            jak

----- Original Message -----
From: "Pekka Savola" <pekkas@netcore.fi>
To: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
Cc: <tuomaura@microsoft.com>; <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 12:31 PM
Subject: Re: factoring the spec into digestible pieces


> On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi wrote:
> > > I also think that the IPSec extensions should be factored out
> > > into a separate spec. Like CGA, they may have other uses beyond SEND.
> > > Let's keep this in small and digestible pieces, and make those pieces as
universally usable as possible.
> >
> > One possible approach is to describe the basic protocol
> > pieces in separate drafts, then have one main SEND draft
> > to show how they are used together. For instance,
> >
> >     * Delegation chain discovery protocol
> >     * IPsec asymmentric extension (refs: CGA addresses)
> >     * CGA addresses
> >     * Secure ND (refs: all of the above)
>
> I'm having a bit difficulties visualizing what would go to each part.
>
> > The last one would be basically sections 4, 8-12 of the
> > current spec. One problem with this approach is that I
> > think Pekka S wanted to separate the CGA parts not just
> > in terms of the technical pieces, but also in terms of
> > security considerations etc. But perhaps this could be
> > dealt with by clearly separating the security properties
> > in the last document for the following four cases:
> >
> >     (a) Only CGA addresses available
> >     (b) Only trusted root for routers available
> >     (c) Trusted root available for both hosts and routers
> >     (d) CGA and trusted root available
>
> What I think could be preferable is to have a separation where the SEND
> core protocol does not discuss CGA at all and has only an informative
> reference to CGA mechanisms.
>
> So, I was in support of a "stronger" separation, pending the resolution of
> IPR issues.
>
> If docs were split when there are no IPR-specific CGA concerns, the
> separation would likely be different.
>
> --
> Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
> Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
> Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 18 19:17:00 2003
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 01:23:54 +0100
From: gabriel montenegro <gab@sun.com>
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To: Tuomas Aura <tuomaura@microsoft.com>
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        Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
Subject: Re: CGA draft and paper
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Tuomas Aura wrote:
>>* Introduction: is there a reference to someone using CGAs for
>>   opportunistic IPsec?
> 
> 
> No. I just think it is the right thing to do. I should probably 
> remove references to uses beyond SEND and just say that there
> are several.

Specifically for Opportunistic Encryption:

  Opportunistic Encryption for IPv6
     * Inria Technical Report (October 2002)
           o http://www.inria.fr/rrrt/rr-4568.html

and

ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/internet-drafts/draft-laganier-ike-ipv6-cga-00.txt

>>* Why MD5 and not SHA1?
> 
> 
> Because an MD5 hash is 128 bits long --> easier to write the formula
> for bitwise AND and OR with an IPv6 address. Really, there is no other
> reason. My first goal has been to make the spec readable and
> unambiguous.

The question, which I can't really answer, is if the weaknesses
in MD5 are more applicable here than they are, for example,
in hmac-sha-1.

-gabriel

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 18 19:32:48 2003
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I just mentioned this at the meeting.
In our drafty draft you'll find a description of the CLE
mechanism in which one can secure the binding between two
given addresses by deriving both of them from the same
hash output of the hash(PK).

In the SeND case, these two would be the IP addr and the link-layer
address.

The advantage is that it is a way to increawse the security beyond
the 62 bit limit without any additional work when creating the
addresses.

It may also have additional advantages in the transition scenario
in which you may end up with the confusing scenario of one MAC
address for both the "send" and "non-send" link.

-gabriel

ftp://ftp.rfc-editor.org/in-notes/internet-drafts/draft-montenegro-send-cga-rr-01.txt

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 19 02:46:18 2003
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Date: Tue, 18 Mar 2003 23:43:09 -0800
Subject: Re: factoring the spec into digestible pieces
From: Alper Yegin <alper@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>, Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>,
        <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
CC: <tuomaura@microsoft.com>, <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
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I'm still not sure if this is a good idea.
As I was saying at the meeting, there are two independent problems here. One
is about proving address ownership, the other is about proving authority to
send router advertisements. The solutions should be separable. So that
deployments can replace any one of them, or choose to address one but not
the other. For example, some deployments might be interested in using the
address ownership part, and rely on some filtering to prevent unauthorized
RAs. Unless we include a language in the spec that says "an implementation
may support part A, or part B, or both to be compliant with this spec", how
can we say something is compliant with tihs RFCxxxx. This is a bit strange.

As for advancing in the IETF process, I think independent solutions that are
separately drafted have better chances of advancing faster. I think the key
is not to create dependency between them.

my 0.02 cents.

alper


> So it sounds to me like we should keep the document in one piece if we can get
> the IPR resolved. If not, we should split out CGAs and simply have a reference
> to them.
> 
> As a practical matter, I think keeping as much as makes sense in a single spec
> is a better approach, since it will make advancing easier. The only other part
> I
> can think of that I see makes sense to split out is the RSA Transform. A
> reason
> for splitting might be that it could be useful for other purposes. But it
> might
> make slow the spec down.
> 
>           jak
> 
> ----- Original Message -----
> From: "Pekka Savola" <pekkas@netcore.fi>
> To: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
> Cc: <tuomaura@microsoft.com>; <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
> Sent: Tuesday, March 18, 2003 12:31 PM
> Subject: Re: factoring the spec into digestible pieces
> 
> 
>> On Tue, 18 Mar 2003 jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi wrote:
>>>> I also think that the IPSec extensions should be factored out
>>>> into a separate spec. Like CGA, they may have other uses beyond SEND.
>>>> Let's keep this in small and digestible pieces, and make those pieces as
> universally usable as possible.
>>> 
>>> One possible approach is to describe the basic protocol
>>> pieces in separate drafts, then have one main SEND draft
>>> to show how they are used together. For instance,
>>> 
>>>     * Delegation chain discovery protocol
>>>     * IPsec asymmentric extension (refs: CGA addresses)
>>>     * CGA addresses
>>>     * Secure ND (refs: all of the above)
>> 
>> I'm having a bit difficulties visualizing what would go to each part.
>> 
>>> The last one would be basically sections 4, 8-12 of the
>>> current spec. One problem with this approach is that I
>>> think Pekka S wanted to separate the CGA parts not just
>>> in terms of the technical pieces, but also in terms of
>>> security considerations etc. But perhaps this could be
>>> dealt with by clearly separating the security properties
>>> in the last document for the following four cases:
>>> 
>>>     (a) Only CGA addresses available
>>>     (b) Only trusted root for routers available
>>>     (c) Trusted root available for both hosts and routers
>>>     (d) CGA and trusted root available
>> 
>> What I think could be preferable is to have a separation where the SEND
>> core protocol does not discuss CGA at all and has only an informative
>> reference to CGA mechanisms.
>> 
>> So, I was in support of a "stronger" separation, pending the resolution of
>> IPR issues.
>> 
>> If docs were split when there are no IPR-specific CGA concerns, the
>> separation would likely be different.
>> 
>> --
>> Pekka Savola                 "You each name yourselves king, yet the
>> Netcore Oy                    kingdom bleeds."
>> Systems. Networks. Security. -- George R.R. Martin: A Clash of Kings
>> 
>> --------------------------------------------------------------------
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>> --------------------------------------------------------------------
>> 
> 
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Subject: We should meet up soon!.....                                                   
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 19 09:40:56 2003
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 06:39:24 -0800
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
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To: Alper Yegin <alper@docomolabs-usa.com>
Cc: James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>, Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>,
        jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi, tuomaura@microsoft.com,
        ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Re: factoring the spec into digestible pieces
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Alper,

Alper Yegin wrote:
> I'm still not sure if this is a good idea.
> As I was saying at the meeting, there are two independent problems here. One
> is about proving address ownership, the other is about proving authority to
> send router advertisements. The solutions should be separable. So that
> deployments can replace any one of them, or choose to address one but not
> the other. For example, some deployments might be interested in using the
> address ownership part, and rely on some filtering to prevent unauthorized
> RAs. Unless we include a language in the spec that says "an implementation
> may support part A, or part B, or both to be compliant with this spec", how
> can we say something is compliant with tihs RFCxxxx. This is a bit strange.
> 
> As for advancing in the IETF process, I think independent solutions that are
> separately drafted have better chances of advancing faster. I think the key
> is not to create dependency between them.

My sensing of the floor yesterday was that nobody (except
perhaps you) really did see any compelling reason to split
the document for any other reason but the CGA IPR.  In any
case, there was no consensus how exactly do the split, if
it going to be done.  There were several proposals, and none
of them got any larger support.

We can always do the split later.  I think that we will eventually
need a split, but I am still hoping that it would be necessary
only after we have published the first version as a PS.

--Pekka Nikander

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 19 12:10:45 2003
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Date: Wed, 19 Mar 2003 09:09:33 -0800
Subject: Re: factoring the spec into digestible pieces
From: Alper Yegin <alper@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
CC: James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>, Pekka Savola <pekkas@netcore.fi>,
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Hi Pekka,

> Alper,
> 
> Alper Yegin wrote:
>> I'm still not sure if this is a good idea.
>> As I was saying at the meeting, there are two independent problems here. One
>> is about proving address ownership, the other is about proving authority to
>> send router advertisements. The solutions should be separable. So that
>> deployments can replace any one of them, or choose to address one but not
>> the other. For example, some deployments might be interested in using the
>> address ownership part, and rely on some filtering to prevent unauthorized
>> RAs. Unless we include a language in the spec that says "an implementation
>> may support part A, or part B, or both to be compliant with this spec", how
>> can we say something is compliant with tihs RFCxxxx. This is a bit strange.
>> 
>> As for advancing in the IETF process, I think independent solutions that are
>> separately drafted have better chances of advancing faster. I think the key
>> is not to create dependency between them.
> 
> My sensing of the floor yesterday was that nobody (except
> perhaps you) 

Yes, I know :) But this really doesn't answer my points above.
Maybe I should ask the question another way: why do they have to be in the
same document? 

> really did see any compelling reason to split
> the document for any other reason but the CGA IPR.  In any
> case, there was no consensus how exactly do the split, if
> it going to be done.  There were several proposals, and none
> of them got any larger support.
> 
> We can always do the split later.  I think that we will eventually
> need a split, but I am still hoping that it would be necessary
> only after we have published the first version as a PS.

I don't think we want to have both combined and split versions of the specs.
This is both time costly and possible cause of problems for implementors and
deployment. If you think it should be split eventually, I'd say it is better
done at the beginning.

my o.o2 cents.

alper

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Mar 20 15:31:46 2003
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 16:07:48 -0800
From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>
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Please find attached notes from the Tuesday's WG meeting.
If there is anything to be corrected, please send your
corrections before Tuesday, March 25th.  I will submit
the notes to secretariat after that.

--Pekka Nikander

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Securing Neighbor Discovery WG (send)

Tuesday, March 18 at 1545-1645
===============================

CHAIRS:	James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
	Pekka Nikander <Pekka.Nikander@nomadiclab.com> 

AGENDA:


5 min. - Agenda discussion, chairs

The agenda was accepted.  The chairs later on changed it so that
the second last item, interaction with PANA / DHCP, was moved after
the last item, draft status and schedule.


10 min. - Last Call Issues as resolved for draft-ietf-send-psreq.txt,
          Pekka Nikander

Pekka Nikander went over the issues raised during the WG last call.
Most of the issues were minor.  However, there were two larges
issues, worth spending some face-to-face time.

The fist issue centered around using the term "trust".  Currently the
draft uses the term trusts, trusted, trustworthy etc in multiple
place.  However, it would be better to replace the word with more
specific words, e.g. "delegation", "authorized", etc.  Pekka
described how the word is used right now, but also told that he is
not very happy with the current resolution of the issue.  Bill
Sommerfeld came up and promised to come up with alternate wording
suggestion by the end of next week (March 28th).  It was decided that
if Bill comes up with an acceptable alternate wording, that will be
incorporated to the next version of the draft.  Otherwise the current
wording will be used.

The other problematic issue was that the current draft discusses a
nummber of possible solutions.  Even though these solutions are only
used for illustrative purposes, some people had been raised the
question on the mailing list whether a problem statement document
should include this kind of text at all.  The discussion at the
mailing list has inconclusive.

James Kempf (taking his chair hat off) supposed that the solutions
text should be left in the draft, after all, as examples.  Bill
Sommerfeld supported that, and Alper Yegin (who had raised the issue
originally) agreed that the solutions can stay in as long as it is
explained that they are just examples.  Thus, the decision was to
keep the solutions in the text.


10 min. - Self Signed Certificates for CGAs, Tuomas Aura (presented
           by Pekka Nikander)

Pekka Nikander presented Tuomas Aura's slides on his generic draft on
using Cryptographically generated IPv6 addresses (CGA).  (See the
slides).  

Pekka told that as far as he knows, the idea is covered by IPR at
least by Ericsson and possibly Microsoft.  Ericsson has recently
released the IPR on this; the statement has been posted to the mailing
list and is available at the IETF IPR page.  The chairs are discussing
the issue with Microsoft now.

Hesham Soliman asked whether is the IPR on the CGA idea, or on
specific applications?  Pekka replied that as far as he knows, the
IPRs cover the CGA idea itself.

One of the biggest technical problems with CGA so far has been the
fact that the IPv6 address structure limits the hash length into 62
bits, which is somewhat insecure.  The basic idea in
draft-aura-cga-00.txt a method for removing this 64 bit limit by
introducing a security parameter (sec) and a seconnd hash (see the
slides).  With this technique, the cost of address generation and the
cost of attacks are increased, keeping their ratio 2^59, but the cost
of verification remains constant.  Furthermore, the additional cost
possibly imposed at address generation can be divided over multiple
addresses, since the second hash is independent on the routing prefix
and can therefore be used multiple times.

In addition to solving the problem with short hash lengths the draft
provides exacts algorithms and formats for using CGA addresses.

After the presentation Jari Arkko went to the microphone and expressed
that he liked this draft, and that it looks good for fast mobility.


20 min. - Open Issues on draft-ietf-send-ipsec-00.txt, Jari Arkko

(see slides)

The Design Team has now worked on a solution for some time now, and
the draft represents a snapshot of the current thinking.  Jari first
went through the overall design, and the continued to the most
important issues with the document.

The first issue with the document is that it has somewhat broad
scope, describing several more or less indipendent techniques, and it
looks like the final draft might become quite large.  Furthermore,
since CGA is covered by IPRs, it may be necessary to split the CGA
dependent portions of the draft out.  

James Kempf opinioned that if the Working Group is able to get the CGA
IPR released, the draft does not have to be split.  A split could slow
down the process.  Thus, all parts should go together.  Bill
Sommerfeld seconded that splitting out CGA makes sense.  Alper Yegin
said that since there are two independent problems and solutions,
Neighbor Discovery and Router Discovery, it makes sense to split, so
that one or the other part can be replaced with alternative methods
when they are available.

After some discussion the chairs declared consensus on that if CGA IPR
not resolved, we need to split CGA as a separate part.  Otherwise,
we'll go with one draft, since there doesn't seem to be any
compelling reason to split, and there seems to be different
suggestions for splitting, without any single one getting any larger
support. 

The second open issue considered the presented transition scheme.  The
basic idea in the transition scheme is to view the link as two
separate logical links, one being secured with SEND and the other one
not.  Alper Yegin noted that there is a problem with DAD when some
nodes do not support SEND.  That can lead to colliding link-local IPv6
addresses.  Erik Nordmark noted that the two colliding addresses
should be considered to be on two separate links, so no problem.
However, this might require implementation considerations.  Pekka
Savola noted that possibley one could also look at the G bit.  Erik
Nordmark continued that what doesn't work in this case is that DAD is
not going to detect two identical mac addresses being same.  This
has some disadvantages.

In general, it looks like the transition scheme has still some open
issues and requires more consideration.

The next open issues considered solicitations.  Some soliciations have
side effects, and therefore they should be secured.  However, some
solicitations use unassigned source address, and therefore it is very
hard to secure them with CGA.  Dave Thaler said that there is clearly
a threat with the solicitations, the solution should handle
it.   Additionally, the requirements draft should talk about this
threat.  It was agreed that the requirements draft must be updated to
handle this.


5 min.  - Draft Status and Schedule, chairs

James Kempf discussed the draft status and schedule (see slides).
There was no discussion.


10 min. - Interaction with PANA / DHCP, chairs

The final item considered interaction with SEND and PANA and DHCP.
Pekka Nikander described some possible scenarios, mainly made to give
people something to think about.  (see slides)

Bernard Aboba said that passing PANA created keys between various
parties is not a good idea.  The overall system looks very complex,
and analysing it would be a nightmare.  Parijat Mishra said that in
his opinion this is a good idea.  If we don't do this, we'll end up
with too many keys.  Bill Sommerfelds reaction was similar to that of
Bernard.  There is gotta be a better way.  Erik Nordmark said that a
short write up on what kind of problems we are solving here would be
useful.


--------------060706070403040704090601--

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Mar 20 19:46:56 2003
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Date: Thu, 20 Mar 2003 16:45:34 -0800
Subject: CGA... 
From: Alper Yegin <alper@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>,
        Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
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I hope Francis does not mind me forwarding this message here....  I think
the following point is worth discussing on the SEND ML:

=> BTW I strongly disagree about this idea that CGAs provide any kind
of authentication.

I think, CGAs provide "proof of authorization to use an IPv6 address", but
yes, I agree, it doesn't "authenticate" host or anything. I think what SEND
needs is the former. Maybe I'm stating the obvious here, but I just wanted
to make sure we separate authentication and authorization in this context.

On the other hand, protecting the router advertisements part of SEND
involves both authentication and authorization of access routers.

alper





  
------ Forwarded Message
From: Francis Dupont <Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr>
Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 01:20:51 +0100
To: Julien Laganier <Julien.Laganier@Sun.COM>
Cc: Samita Chakrabarti <Samita.Chakrabarti@eng.sun.com>,
ipng@sunroof.eng.sun.com, erik.nordmark@Sun.COM, samita@eng.sun.com
Subject: Re: [mobile-ip] Draft on IPv6 source address selection socket API

 In your previous mail you wrote:

   Le Vendredi 21 Mars 2003 00:39, Francis Dupont a écrit :

=> you should avoid French in this list (:-).

   It is expected that most applications should work fine without tuning the

=> this is exactly the assumption I strongly disagree with.

   source address selection algorithm. If an application cannot work fine
with 
   system-wide defaults, then the develloper should be aware of that, and
may 
   choose to use this API.
   
   I guess that what your point here is that end users may want to tune the
   behavior of many applications they use without modyfing them. I
   believe it is a different problem.
   
=> this is the problem we have to solve. Do you want to recompile your
mozilla in order to add a new parameter for home/care-of choice, for
instance to use the best option when you know where is a Web server...

   Moreover, defining this policy in the environment may not be sufficiently
   fine-grained for a lot of applications: A single application may want to
send 
   packets using both its CoA and HoA as a source address, or both its TMP
and 
   Public, etc.

=> the policy in the environment has the same capability than your proposal
when the environment can be changed from applications. And this is the
usual case.

   An example of that is an application that first use a TMP
   address, and after authentication switch to a PUB address. Same thing
with 
   CGA that allows ownership-authentication

=> BTW I strongly disagree about this idea that CGAs provide any kind
of authentication.

   but is not always supported by both
   peers, so you can revert to a non-CGA if authentication fails.
   
   However, your proposition of having an environment "thing" that tweak the
   source address selection for applications that does not use this API
sounds 
   good to me, but I believe this is not the scope of this document.
   
=> so write another more useful one? Seriously I believe that all the
tuning stuff, including your knobs, the policy table and other things like
the DNS search list (a global one makes no sense as quoted today), should
be in an environment "thing" with a standard way to manage it.

Thanks

Francis.Dupont@enst-bretagne.fr
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Mar 20 20:37:05 2003
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From: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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Subject: Re: CGA...
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I agree that CGAs provide authorization, and only
that.

(The other side of the issue is that authentication may
not be very useful for ND.)

Jari


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Mar 21 00:53:06 2003
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Subject: Re: CGA...
From: Alper Yegin <alper@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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> I agree that CGAs provide authorization, and only
> that.
> 
> (The other side of the issue is that authentication may
> not be very useful for ND.)

Do you care to elaborate this a bit?

How are we getting the hosts to trust the router advertisements without
involving any authentication?

alper

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Mar 21 11:48:55 2003
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> How are we getting the hosts to trust the router advertisements without
> involving any authentication?

Well, when I said that authentication may not be so useful
for ND I meant primarily the neighbor (not router) discovery
part. In there, it may not be very useful for you to know
that I am jari@arkko.com, because that doesn't help you
deciding that I would somehow be allowed to defend a particular
IP address or an IID in DAD, for instance. As long as you
know that I am allowed to *do* something, you don't need to
know *who* I am.

For router discovery we currently use a cert based approach
where authentication is involved. It seems more like a mandatory
side-effect of the used scheme rather than a fundamental
requirement, however. And it is not enough: we also need to
know that foobar.operator.com really is allowed to be a *router*
for the given operator, not just e.g. a web server, CPE box
completely outside the control of the operator, etc. In fact,
this seems to be an issue in draft-send-ipsec-00.txt; it probably
should define some sort of certificate extension to authorize
the use of the certificate for claiming right to be a router...

Jari


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Mar 21 12:13:37 2003
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From: Bill Sommerfeld <sommerfeld@east.sun.com>
To: jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi
cc: alper@docomolabs-usa.com, ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Re: CGA... 
In-Reply-To: Your message of "Fri, 21 Mar 2003 18:44:36 +0200."
             <20030321164436.DNLA8208.fep20-app.kolumbus.fi@[193.229.5.108]> 
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> > How are we getting the hosts to trust the router advertisements without
> > involving any authentication?
>
> As long as you
> know that I am allowed to *do* something, you don't need to
> know *who* I am.

Well, arguably, the router discovery approach we've proposed is, in a
sense, a use of "authorization certificates" rather than
"authentication certificates".

> it probably should define some sort of certificate extension to
> authorize the use of the certificate for claiming right to be a
> router...

It's far from clear that we need to use x.509/pkix format
certificates, as they carry along a lot of baggage which doesn't solve
the problem we're interested in.

And, in any event, I owe the WG a writeup on how to use DNSSEC-format
signed blobs for this purpose..

						- Bill







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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Mar 21 13:42:22 2003
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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
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Subject: Re: CGA... 
Date: Thu, 21 Aug 2003 10:26:49 -0700
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----- > It's far from clear that we need to use x.509/pkix format
> certificates, as they carry along a lot of baggage which doesn't solve
> the problem we're interested in.
>
> And, in any event, I owe the WG a writeup on how to use DNSSEC-format
> signed blobs for this purpose..
>

Having a smaller certificate size would be really useful to help reduce problems
with fragmentation. On the local link, this isn't a problem because the path MTU
discovery should be pretty accurate, but in tunnels, for example from a Mobile
IP Home Agent, it could be a problem.

            jak

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Mar 21 14:01:32 2003
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Date: Fri, 21 Mar 2003 11:01:25 -0800
Subject: Re: CGA...
From: Alper Yegin <alper@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
CC: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
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>> How are we getting the hosts to trust the router advertisements without
>> involving any authentication?
> 
> Well, when I said that authentication may not be so useful
> for ND I meant primarily the neighbor (not router) discovery
> part. 

Thanks for the clarification.

> In there, it may not be very useful for you to know

"it may not be needed" is more accurate I believe.

> that I am jari@arkko.com, because that doesn't help you
> deciding that I would somehow be allowed to defend a particular
> IP address or an IID in DAD, for instance. As long as you
> know that I am allowed to *do* something, you don't need to
> know *who* I am.

If the mechanisms used can prevent you from abusing your authorization, then
yes, we don't care who you are. This is especially good model for privacy.

Let me give a counter example. When a client is authorized to gain network
access, we still want to know who they are. This is because although they
are authorized to send and receive IP packets, they are not authorized to
send router advertisements [send problem!]. Since there is the possibility
of this authorization abuse, we want to authenticate them as well so that we
can identify them if they don't behave. [there are obvious other reasons for
authenticating clients for network access....]

> For router discovery we currently use a cert based approach
> where authentication is involved. It seems more like a mandatory
> side-effect of the used scheme rather than a fundamental
> requirement, however. And it is not enough: we also need to
> know that foobar.operator.com really is allowed to be a *router*
> for the given operator, not just e.g. a web server, CPE box
> completely outside the control of the operator, etc. In fact,
> this seems to be an issue in draft-send-ipsec-00.txt; it probably
> should define some sort of certificate extension to authorize
> the use of the certificate for claiming right to be a router...

Sounds like additional requirement on the certs.

alper

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 25 09:31:55 2003
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Please find enclosed the minutes for the SEND WG
meeting at San Francisco.  Thanks to the note takers,
Alper Yegin and JimHeyock Choi.

--Pekka Nikander

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Securing Neighbor Discovery WG (send)

Tuesday, March 18 at 1545-1645
===============================

CHAIRS:	James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
	Pekka Nikander <Pekka.Nikander@nomadiclab.com> 

5 min. - Agenda discussion, chairs

The agenda was accepted.  The chairs later on changed it so that
the second last item, interaction with PANA / DHCP, was moved after
the last item, draft status and schedule.


10 min. - Last Call Issues as resolved for draft-ietf-send-psreq.txt,
          Pekka Nikander

Pekka Nikander went over the issues raised during the WG last call.
Most of the issues were minor.  However, there were two larges
issues, worth spending some face-to-face time.

The first issue centered around using the term "trust".  Currently the
draft uses the term trusts, trusted, trustworthy, etc., in multiple
places.  However, it would be better to replace the word with more
specific words, e.g. "delegation", "authorized", etc.  Pekka
described how the word is used right now, but also told that he is
not very happy with the current resolution of the issue.  Bill
Sommerfeld came up and promised to come up with alternate wording
suggestion by the end of next week (March 28th).  It was decided that
if Bill comes up with an acceptable alternate wording, that will be
incorporated to the next version of the draft.  Otherwise the current
wording will be used.

The other problematic issue was that the current draft discusses a
number of possible solutions.  Even though these solutions are only
used for illustrative purposes, some people had been raised the
question on the mailing list whether a problem statement document
should include this kind of text at all.  The discussion at the
mailing list has inconclusive.

James Kempf (taking his chair hat off) suggested that the solutions
text should be left in the draft, after all, as examples.  Bill
Sommerfeld supported that, and Alper Yegin (who had raised the issue
originally) agreed that the solutions can stay in as long as it is
explained that they are just examples.  Thus, the decision was to
keep the solutions in the text.


10 min. - Self Signed Certificates for CGAs, Tuomas Aura (presented
           by Pekka Nikander)

Pekka Nikander presented Tuomas Aura's slides on his generic draft on
using Cryptographically generated IPv6 addresses (CGA).  (See the
slides).  

Pekka told that as far as he knows, the idea is covered by IPR at
least by Ericsson and possibly by Microsoft.  Ericsson has recently
released the IPR on this; the statement has been posted to the mailing
list and is available at the IETF IPR page.  The chairs are discussing
the issue with Microsoft now.

Hesham Soliman asked whether is the IPR on the CGA idea, or on
specific applications?  Pekka replied that as far as he knows, the
IPRs cover the CGA idea itself.

One of the biggest technical problems with CGA so far has been the
fact that the IPv6 address structure limits the hash length into 62
bits, which is somewhat insecure.  The basic idea in
draft-aura-cga-00.txt a method for removing this 64 bit limit by
introducing a security parameter (sec) and a seconnd hash (see the
slides).  With this technique, the cost of address generation and the
cost of attacks are increased, keeping their ratio 2^59, but the cost
of verification remains constant.  Furthermore, the additional cost
possibly imposed at address generation can be divided over multiple
addresses, since the second hash is independent on the routing prefix
and can therefore be used multiple times.

In addition to solving the problem with short hash lengths the draft
provides exacts algorithms and formats for using CGA addresses.

After the presentation Jari Arkko went to the microphone and expressed
that he liked this draft, that he likes the idea of generating two
separate hashes, and that it looks good for fast mobility.


20 min. - Open Issues on draft-ietf-send-ipsec-00.txt, Jari Arkko

(see slides)

The Design Team has worked on a solution for some time now, and the
draft represents a snapshot of the current thinking.  Jari first went
through the overall design, and the continued to the most important
issues with the document.

The first issue with the document is that it has somewhat broad
scope, describing several more or less independent techniques, and it
looks like the final draft might become quite large.  Furthermore,
since CGA is covered by IPRs, it may be necessary to split the CGA
dependent portions of the draft out.  

James Kempf opinioned that if the Working Group is able to get the CGA
IPR released, the draft does not have to be split.  A split could slow
down the process.  Thus, all parts should go together.  Bill
Sommerfeld seconded that splitting out CGA makes sense.  Alper Yegin
said that since there are two independent problems and solutions,
Neighbor Discovery and Router Discovery, it makes sense to split, so
that one or the other part can be replaced with alternative methods
when they are available.

After some discussion the chairs declared consensus on that if CGA IPR
not resolved, we need to split CGA as a separate part.  Otherwise,
we'll go with one draft, since there doesn't seem to be any
compelling reason to split, and there seems to be different
suggestions for splitting, without any single one getting any larger
support. 

The second open issue considered the presented transition scheme.  The
basic idea in the transition scheme is to view the link as two
separate logical links, one being secured with SEND and the other one
not.  Alper Yegin noted that there is a problem with DAD when some
nodes do not support SEND.  That can lead to colliding link-local IPv6
addresses.  Erik Nordmark noted that the two colliding addresses
should be considered to be on two separate links, so no problem.
However, this might require implementation considerations.  Pekka
Savola noted that possibley one could also look at the G bit.  Erik
Nordmark continued that what doesn't work in this case is that DAD is
not going to detect two identical mac addresses being same.  This
has some disadvantages.

In general, it looks like the transition scheme has still some open
issues and requires more consideration.

The next open issues considered solicitations.  Some soliciations have
side effects, and therefore they should be secured.  However, some
solicitations use unassigned source address, and therefore it is very
hard to secure them with CGA.  Dave Thaler said that there is clearly
a threat with the solicitations, the solution should handle
it.   Additionally, the requirements draft should talk about this
threat.  It was agreed that the requirements draft must be updated to
handle this.

The overall plan is to run the Design Team for another couple of
months to resolve the remaining technical issues.  At the same time,
the chairs continue talking to the IPR holders on CGA, to get the IPR
released specifically for SEND.


5 min.  - Draft Status and Schedule, chairs

James Kempf discussed the draft status and schedule (see slides).
There was no discussion.


10 min. - Interaction with PANA / DHCP, chairs

The final item considered interaction with SEND and PANA and DHCP.
Pekka Nikander described some possible scenarios, mainly made to give
people something to think about.  (see slides)

Bernard Aboba said that passing PANA created keys between various
parties is not a good idea.  The overall system looks very complex,
and analysing it would be a nightmare.  Parijat Mishra said that in
his opinion this is a good idea.  If we don't do this, we'll end up
with too many keys.  Bill Sommerfelds reaction was similar to that of
Bernard.  There is gotta be a better way.  Erik Nordmark said that a
short write up on what kind of problems we are solving here would be
useful.


--------------040306030803080102030207--

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Mar 25 14:51:33 2003
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Date: Tue, 25 Mar 2003 11:51:02 -0800
Subject: Re: comments on send-ipsec-00
From: Alper Yegin <alper@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
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Hello,

I had sent the message below prior to IETF, but haven't seen any response on
the ML. Does any one of the SEND authors care to respond?

Thanks.

alper



> Hello,
> 
> I just finished reading the draft. Here are some questions/comments:
> 
> - This is a simple, and possibly a dumb question: In what type of networks are
> we concerned about unauthorized nodes sending bogus router advertisements?
> Possibly in public access networks, right? Couldn't we simply prevent client
> hosts from sending RAs by installing filters on the enforcement points (like
> APs in WLAN hotspots)? Any RA sent on the radio network can be dropped. Sure
> it is none of the business of the L2 bridge to do that from an architectural
> point of view, but from a practical point of view......
> 
> - "If (DAD) clashes are detected
>  after three tries, the node is probably under attack, so it should
>  shut down and report the situation to an administrator."
> 
> Isn't DAD mechanism protected by CGAs as well? How can the attacker produce
> the right cryptographic information to claim 3 different IP addresses in a
> row?
> 
> - Can the routers still send unsolicited advertisements that can be verified
> by hosts with different Trusted Roots? Or, do they have to unicast a different
> advertisement to each host?
> 
> - "One effect of this is that secure hosts can not communicate with
>  insecure hosts using link-local addresses, and vice versa." Can an insecure
> host and SEND-secured host still detect DAD collision on their link-local
> addresses? If not, then we end up duplicate link-local addresses on the same
> link, and this is a no good.
> 
> - "An attacker may still be able to
>  prevent valid responses or requests from reaching the intended
>  recipient.  As a result both participants are forced to believe that
>  no address collision exists, when there in fact is."
> How can the attacker do that? Is it a MitM physically separating victims?
> 
> Thanks in advance.
> 
> alper 

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Mar 26 18:55:29 2003
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 10:54:09 +1100
From: "Nick 'Sharkey' Moore" <sharkey@zoic.org>
To: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Re: comments on send-ipsec-00
Message-ID: <20030326235409.GB18363@zoic.org>
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On Wed, Mar 12, 2003 at 07:56:31PM -0800, Alper Yegin wrote:
> 
> - "If (DAD) clashes are detected
>    after three tries, the node is probably under attack, so it should
>    shut down and report the situation to an administrator."
> 
> Isn't DAD mechanism protected by CGAs as well? How can the attacker produce
> the right cryptographic information to claim 3 different IP addresses in a
> row?

This is a real interesting one.  I referred to a Dave Barry quote
a couple of times at IETF:

	"I want a laptop so small and light that sometimes I
	accidentally suck it up one of my nostrils. I also would
	like to have a cell phone that enabled me to
	jam the cell phones of people around me." -- Dave Barry

I'm not sure we can help with the first bit right now, but I think
the second will be pretty easy for people to manage, simply by
sending bogus NAs.

I've started looking at this based on a CGA/SENDlike approach,
but it is kind of tricky.  

-----N
-- 
Nick 'Sharkey' Moore			<Nick.Moore@monash.edu>
Research Fellow, CTIE			Tel: +61 3 9905 3707
Monash University,  Australia		Fax: +61 3 9905 5358
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Mar 27 00:27:29 2003
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Date: Thu, 27 Mar 2003 07:25:34 +0200
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CC: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net, Alper Yegin <alper@docomolabs-usa.com>
Subject: Re: comments on send-ipsec-00
References: <20030326235409.GB18363@zoic.org>
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Nick 'Sharkey' Moore wrote:
> On Wed, Mar 12, 2003 at 07:56:31PM -0800, Alper Yegin wrote:
> 
>>- "If (DAD) clashes are detected
>>   after three tries, the node is probably under attack, so it should
>>   shut down and report the situation to an administrator."
>>
>>Isn't DAD mechanism protected by CGAs as well? How can the attacker produce
>>the right cryptographic information to claim 3 different IP addresses in a
>>row?
> 
> 
> This is a real interesting one.  I referred to a Dave Barry quote
> a couple of times at IETF:
> 
> 	"I want a laptop so small and light that sometimes I
> 	accidentally suck it up one of my nostrils. I also would
> 	like to have a cell phone that enabled me to
> 	jam the cell phones of people around me." -- Dave Barry
> 
> I'm not sure we can help with the first bit right now, but I think
> the second will be pretty easy for people to manage, simply by
> sending bogus NAs.
> 
> I've started looking at this based on a CGA/SENDlike approach,
> but it is kind of tricky.  

The situation is a bit unclear in the current document,
mainly because of the lack of protection for NSs (discussed
separately). However, theoretically the situation is as follows:

* DAD probes (NS) can be protected with CGAs exactly in the
   same manner as regular Neighbor Advertisements.

* This will enable the receiver to check whether the sender
   truly owns the addresses, or is just claiming to be.
   So we can prevent the attack.

* Still, even if the sender owns the address it is possible
   that we have an accidental clash. Thus we can't avoid DAD
   with CGA, with still have to do it and still have to give
   up some tried addresses. And its best to construct the
   protocol so that it gives up after three tries, because
   it may be up against the NSA "SEND Breake" machine ;-)
   But note that this is very different from simply
   listening in on any unsupported claim that the addresss
   is in use.

Jari

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Dear Colleagues:

Our sincere apologies if you receive multiple copies of this announcement.

     CONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALL FOR PRESENTATIONS

                   Internetworking 2003
                      June 22-24, 2003
                   San Jose, California
      In technical cooperation with IEEE, IFIP, and ACM (Pending)


Internetworking 2003 Program Committee cordially invites you to submit proposals for original, unpublished presentations focusing on internetworking technologies in the IP, optical, and wireless domains. Summaries not exceeding 250 words can be submitted to submissions@caitr.org for review and possible inclusion in the program, no later than April 11, 2003. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to the following:

- Voice over IP (VoIP)
- IP Video Conferencing
- Storage Area Networks (SANs)
- Unicast and Multicast Routing and Convergence
- QoS Routing
- Network Security and Service Integration
- Operational Support Systems
- Virtual Private Networks
- Internetworking Wireless LANs and 3G Wireless Networks
- IP-based Infrastructure for Wireless Networks
- Internetworking IP and Optical Networks
- Internetworking MPLS with Legacy ATM and Frame Relay Networks
- Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 and interworking
- Pervasive Computing
- High Speed Transport Layer Protocols
- Peer to Peer Networking and Grid Computing
- Video Teleconferencing (VTC) 
- 802.11 Hotspots


The Internetworking 2003 event in June will include participation from industry, government agencies, and academia. If you need additional technical information, please contact the Technical Cochairs Professor Maurice GAGNAIRE <gagnaire@enst.fr>, or Daniel Awduche <Awduche@awduche.com>.


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<DIV id=message>
<P>Dear Colleagues:</P>
<P>Our sincere apologies if you receive multiple copies of this announcement.</P>
<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; CONFERENCE ANNOUNCEMENT AND CALL FOR PRESENTATIONS</P>
<P>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; Internetworking 2003<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; June 22-24, 2003<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; San Jose, California<BR>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; In technical cooperation with IEEE, IFIP, and ACM (Pending)</P>
<P><BR>Internetworking 2003 Program Committee cordially invites you to submit proposals for original, unpublished presentations focusing on internetworking technologies in the IP, optical, and wireless domains. Summaries not exceeding 250 words can be submitted to <A href="http://mail.yahoo.com/config/login?/ym/Compose?To=submissions@caitr.org" target=_blank>submissions@caitr.org</A> for review and possible inclusion in the program, no later than April 11, 2003. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to the following:</P>
<P>- Voice over IP (VoIP)<BR>- IP Video Conferencing<BR>- Storage Area Networks (SANs)<BR>- Unicast and Multicast Routing and Convergence<BR>- QoS Routing<BR>- Network Security and Service Integration<BR>- Operational Support Systems<BR>- Virtual Private Networks<BR>- Internetworking Wireless LANs and 3G Wireless Networks<BR>- IP-based Infrastructure for Wireless Networks<BR>- Internetworking IP and Optical Networks<BR>- Internetworking MPLS with Legacy ATM and Frame Relay Networks<BR>- Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 and interworking<BR>- Pervasive Computing<BR>- High Speed Transport Layer Protocols<BR>- Peer to Peer Networking and Grid Computing<BR>- Video Teleconferencing (VTC) <BR>- 802.11 Hotspots</P>
<P><BR>The Internetworking 2003 event in June will include participation from industry, government agencies, and academia. If you need additional technical information, please contact the Technical Cochairs Professor Maurice GAGNAIRE &lt;<A href="http://mail.yahoo.com/config/login?/ym/Compose?To=gagnaire@enst.fr" target=_blank>gagnaire@enst.fr</A>&gt;, or Daniel Awduche &lt;<A href="http://mail.yahoo.com/config/login?/ym/Compose?To=Awduche@awduche.com" target=_blank>Awduche@awduche.com</A>&gt;.<BR></P></DIV>
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sat Mar 29 23:28:31 2003
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From: "The Walker's" <mta22a@matglobal.net>
To: "ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net" <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: your business opportunity? info please
Date: Sat, 29 Mar 2003 22:23:05 -0600
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Hi!  I'd like more info on your business opportunity.  I am using a friend's computer.  
You cannot email me.  Please phone me back so we can chat at 866-638-6463.

Thank you very much!

Annie




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