From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sun Nov  2 20:34:35 2003
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From: Jonathan Wood <jonwood@speakeasy.net>
Subject: Re: DCS and DCA semantics
Date: Sun, 2 Nov 2003 17:30:32 -0800
To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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On Oct 30, 2003, at 8:33 AM, Jari Arkko wrote:

> Jonathan Wood wrote:

<...>

>> All these will happen naturally as a consequence of a RS/RA exchange,
>> if the host cannot form a delegation chain for the RA. So I think the 
>> text
>> quoted above could be replaced with just the last item:
>>    o  A Router Advertisement has been received with a public key that 
>> is
>>       not stored in the hosts' cache of certificates, or there is no
>>       authorization delegation chain to the host's trust anchor.
>
> Hmm... this sounds very good actually. It even covers the case when the
> router's key is re-configured but everything else stays the same.
>
> Just one check: you are replacing just the items, and keeping the
> rate limiting? I think we need that. Perhaps this could be the final
> text:
>
> The host has a need to retrieve a delegation chain when a
> Router Advertisement has been received with a public key that is
> not stored in the hosts' cache of certificates, or there is no
> authorization delegation chain to the host's trust anchor. In these
> situations, the host MAY transmit up to MAX_DCS_MESSAGES
> Delegation Chain Solicitation messages, each separated by at least
> DCS_INTERVAL seconds.
>
> (And MAX_DCS_MESSAGES would be defined similarly to 
> MAX_RTR_SOLICITATIONS,
> and DCS_INTERVAL similarly for RTR_SOLICITATION_INTERVAL)

Yes, I agree that we still need rate limiting. I think your text should 
cover it.

>
>> The following should also be changed:
>>    Delegation Chain Solicitations SHOULD be rate limited and timed
>>    similarly with Router Solicitations, as specified in RFC 2461 [6].
>> to perhaps just some text about rate limiting (if even that is 
>> necessary...)
>
> Ah, you thought about this too. Well, I think the host should
> be able to send multiple messages if there's packet loss, but
> not too often. Maybe the text that I provided above works.

Yes.

>
>> Section 6.6 says
>>    Routers MAY send unsolicited Delegation Chain Advertisements for
>>    their configured trust anchor(s).  When such advertisements are 
>> sent,
>>    their timing MUST follow the rules given for Router Advertisements 
>> in
>>    RFC 2461 [6].
>> Periodic, unsolicited DCAs, however, do not serve the same purpose as
>> unsolicited RAs. Usually hosts that care about the certificates in a 
>> DCA will
>> have already retrieved them as a consequence of receiving an RA, or
>> they won't care about them at all. The only case I can think of where 
>> unsolicited
>> DCAs could be useful is if they contain proxied certificates for 
>> routers on
>> other links (in which case hosts would not be able to discovery them 
>> by
>> receiving RAs). So if I'm not missing something, I propose that the 
>> wording
>> be changed to make this explicit, i.e.
>
> Routers are allowed to send the DCAs to the specific node (or its 
> solicited-node
> address to be more exact). A periodic DCA to the all-nodes address 
> might
> be received by all hosts. OTOH, the routers are also allowed to the 
> send the
> solicited DCAs to the all-nodes address. This depends on what the 
> source
> of the DCS was. If there's multiple nodes coming to the link at the 
> same
> time, they probably don't have an address yet, and the DCA goes to all
> then... maybe you are right and we don't need periodic DCAs.
>
>>   Routers MAY send unsolicited Delegation Chain Advertisements for 
>> other
>>   routers that hosts may encounter on other links. Routers should not
>>   otherwise send unsolicited Delegation Chain Advertisements.
>
> Hmm... there might be other means of receiving information from the
> other links. I wonder if we need a SEND specific scheme here. Delete
> periodic DCA completely?

Yes, I think it probably should be removed completely.

>
>> I'm not sure I agree with the timing rules either - some randomization
>> as per RFC 2461 is probably a good thing, but we don't need to
>> inherit the complexity involved with sending adverts more frequently
>> on startup.
>> Regarding DCA rate limiting, RFC 2461 only mandates rate limiting
>> for RAs sent to the all-nodes multicast group. DCAs (as currently
>> specified) are only sent to all-nodes if unsolicited (in which case 
>> rate
>> limiting is moot) or the DCS has an unspecified address (which is
>> probably not common). So the rate-limiting rule mostly misses the
>> mark.
>
> Ok.
>
>> In fact, one scenario where it would be useful is when a router first
>> comes up. It will multicast an RA, which will likely cause all hosts
>> to send DCSs, which will in turn cause the router to multicast (to the
>> solicited-node MC address) a storm of DCAs. Since the rate limiting
>> only covers all-nodes MC, it will not prevent this (and if it did, 
>> many
>> nodes would not be able to process the RA). To handle this sort of
>> situation, I propose all multicast DCAs be rate limited and monitored.
>> If a router finds that it is responding to a DCS too soon after one 
>> has
>> just been sent, it should set the DCA's ID to 0 and multicast it to 
>> the
>> all-nodes group. This should ensure both that the network is not
>> flooded with DCAs and that all nodes receive the DCA.
>
> Sounds good. Essentially, we'd be allowing the router to respond to
> the all-nodes address at its discretion.

Right. This is another reason to strike periodic DCA from the spec.

Jon

>
> --Jari
>
>
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Nov  3 21:14:21 2003
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Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2003 13:26:44 +1100
From: Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
Subject: Re: New issue?: The scope of source address for DCS?
To: Jari Arkko <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
Cc: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>,
        SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
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Hi Jari,

Jari Arkko wrote:
> Pekka Nikander wrote:
> 
>> Folks,
>>
>> With regard to the DCS source address, the current spec says
>> the following:
>>
>>          An IP address assigned to the sending interface, or the
>>          unspecified address if no address is assigned to the sending
>>          interface.
>>
>> Should we be more specific, and say that the source address SHOULD
>> be the link local address?  Right now I don't see any specific
>> reason, other than the old saying of being conservative when
>> sending and liberal when receiving.
> 
> 
> In issue 21 we agreed that DCA source should be link-local.
> It seems logical to require the same from DCS?

This is a holdover from RFC-2461 where the RS has as source any
address on the host's interface, and the RA is only
link-local.

The original motivation may indeed be as Pekka mentioned.

I'm not fussed now about where we the group
goes with this, but I guess that the same issues which
affect RS/RA will affect DCS/DCA.

I'm currently concerned with RS/DCS messages coming from an
address which is not on an adjacent link.  I don't know
how this is handled in the case where RS's are sent from
a global address today (rfc-2461 doesn't seem to specify
this).

Should we even listen to such DCS's?

I'm pretty certain that we don't want to create
erroneous NC state on the router in this case, so
unicast responses are out.

Greg

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Nov  4 02:17:39 2003
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Subject: Volunteers for Taking Minutes
Date: Fri, 31 Oct 2003 03:33:35 -0800
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The IESG has requested that WG chairs make a stronger effort to get accurate
minutes of IETF meetings. So, we would like to have a couple of volunteers
to take minutes at the SEND WG meeting in Minneapolis. Please reply to
either me or Pekka.

            jak

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Nov  6 15:42:51 2003
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Subject: Changing back: Signature inconsistency between the CGA and NDOPTs drafts
Date: Thu, 6 Nov 2003 12:39:03 -0800
Message-ID: <64A531765B7C8342BFA260497BE00457508C7D@RED-MSG-43.redmond.corp.microsoft.com>
Thread-Topic: Changing back: Signature inconsistency between the CGA and NDOPTs drafts
thread-index: AcORYEEo/sPM7eRYQJSK42r0uVAxDwTREqXw
From: "Tuomas Aura" <tuomaura@microsoft.com>
To: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
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Pasi Eronen just pointed out to me that the name of the 
algorith is RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5 (not -v2_1), even though the
document PKCS#1 version is 2.1.

Thus, the previous CGA draft was correct and the change I made
to the latest version is wrong. Also, the NDOPT draft needs 
to be changed. (Of course, I should have spotted this rather 
blindly making the change.) 

Thanks to Pasi for the careful review. He also checked that 
the example in the CGA draft is correct. 

Tuomas


> -----Original Message-----
> From: owner-ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net [mailto:owner-ietf-
> send@standards.ericsson.net] On Behalf Of jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi
> Sent: 13 October 2003 08:59
> To: pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com
> Cc: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
> Subject: Re: New Issue: Signature inconsistency between the CGA and
NDOPTs
> drafts
> 
> > These seem to be in conflict.  Which one is the right one, 1.5 or
2.1?
> 
> 2.1. This issue was raised earlier by Pasi Eronen and Valtteri
> Niemi, registered as issue #9. They were right, I think. I
> edited a fix for this issue in an intermediate draft version,
> which you have. So it looks like the CGA draft needs to be
> changed in this respect.
> 
> --Jari
> 
> 
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sun Nov  9 17:02:29 2003
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From: JINMEI Tatuya / =?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCP0BMQEMjOkgbKEI=?= <jinmei@isl.rdc.toshiba.co.jp>
To: pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com, kempf@docomolabs-usa.com,
        erik.nordmark@sun.com
Cc: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: a question about send-psreq-04
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Hello,

I have a quick question about draft-ietf-send-psreq-04.

Section 4.1.1 (4.1.1 Neighbor Solicitation/Advertisement Spoofing)
mentions Duplicate Address Detection as follows:

   More specifically, there are two cases when a node creates neighbor
   cache entries upon receiving Soliciations:
...
   2.  During Duplicate Address Detection (DAD), if a node receives a
       Neighbor Solicitation for the same address it is soliciting for,
       the situation is considered a collision, and the node must cease
       to solicit for the said address.

(BTW: there is a typo: Soliciations should be Solicitation in the
first sentence)

The description per se is not wrong, but I don't understand how this
is related to the story described in this section.

In my understanding, the main point of the attack in this section is a
DoS/Redirect attack by sending an ND message with a forged link-layer
address option.  In that sense, it should basically apply to all kinds
of neighbor solicitation.

Perhaps this bullet tries to show an exception to this attack, but if
so, I don't understand why this is listed with the 1st bullet (the
router solicitation case) where the attack can be applied.

Could someone clarify this point?

Thanks,

					JINMEI, Tatuya
					Communication Platform Lab.
					Corporate R&D Center, Toshiba Corp.
					jinmei@isl.rdc.toshiba.co.jp
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Sun Nov  9 18:16:11 2003
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From: JINMEI Tatuya / =?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCP0BMQEMjOkgbKEI=?= <jinmei@isl.rdc.toshiba.co.jp>
To: pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com, kempf@docomolabs-usa.com,
        erik.nordmark@sun.com
Cc: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Re: a question about send-psreq-04
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Oops, sorry, I was a bit careless when I typed the previous message.

>>>>> On Mon, 10 Nov 2003 06:52:05 +0900, 
>>>>> JINMEI Tatuya <jinmei@isl.rdc.toshiba.co.jp> said:

>    More specifically, there are two cases when a node creates neighbor
>    cache entries upon receiving Soliciations:
> ...
>    2.  During Duplicate Address Detection (DAD), if a node receives a
>        Neighbor Solicitation for the same address it is soliciting for,
>        the situation is considered a collision, and the node must cease
>        to solicit for the said address.

> (BTW: there is a typo: Soliciations should be Solicitation in the
> first sentence)

I meant "Soliciations should be Solicitations in the first sentence"

					JINMEI, Tatuya
					Communication Platform Lab.
					Corporate R&D Center, Toshiba Corp.
					jinmei@isl.rdc.toshiba.co.jp
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Nov 10 20:22:19 2003
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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        "Erik Nordmark" <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>
Cc: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
References: <y7v65ht5hx6.wl@ocean.jinmei.org>
Subject: Re: a question about send-psreq-04
Date: Mon, 10 Nov 2003 17:16:58 -0800
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> I have a quick question about draft-ietf-send-psreq-04.
>
> Section 4.1.1 (4.1.1 Neighbor Solicitation/Advertisement Spoofing)
> mentions Duplicate Address Detection as follows:
>
>    More specifically, there are two cases when a node creates neighbor
>    cache entries upon receiving Soliciations:
> ...
>    2.  During Duplicate Address Detection (DAD), if a node receives a
>        Neighbor Solicitation for the same address it is soliciting for,
>        the situation is considered a collision, and the node must cease
>        to solicit for the said address.
>
> (BTW: there is a typo: Soliciations should be Solicitation in the
> first sentence)
>
> The description per se is not wrong, but I don't understand how this
> is related to the story described in this section.
>
> In my understanding, the main point of the attack in this section is a
> DoS/Redirect attack by sending an ND message with a forged link-layer
> address option.  In that sense, it should basically apply to all kinds
> of neighbor solicitation.
>

Section 4.1.1 is about attacks that involve spoofing an address when a node
would create a Neighbor Cache entry.


            jak

> Perhaps this bullet tries to show an exception to this attack, but if
> so, I don't understand why this is listed with the 1st bullet (the
> router solicitation case) where the attack can be applied.
>
> Could someone clarify this point?
>
> Thanks,
>
> JINMEI, Tatuya
> Communication Platform Lab.
> Corporate R&D Center, Toshiba Corp.
> jinmei@isl.rdc.toshiba.co.jp
>

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From: JINMEI Tatuya / =?ISO-2022-JP?B?GyRCP0BMQEMjOkgbKEI=?= <jinmei@isl.rdc.toshiba.co.jp>
To: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Cc: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>,
        "Erik Nordmark" <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>,
        <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: a question about send-psreq-04
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>>>>> On Mon, 10 Nov 2003 17:16:58 -0800, 
>>>>> "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com> said:

>> I have a quick question about draft-ietf-send-psreq-04.
>> 
>> Section 4.1.1 (4.1.1 Neighbor Solicitation/Advertisement Spoofing)
>> mentions Duplicate Address Detection as follows:
>> 
>> More specifically, there are two cases when a node creates neighbor
>> cache entries upon receiving Soliciations:
>> ...
>> 2.  During Duplicate Address Detection (DAD), if a node receives a
>> Neighbor Solicitation for the same address it is soliciting for,
>> the situation is considered a collision, and the node must cease
>> to solicit for the said address.

>> The description per se is not wrong, but I don't understand how this
>> is related to the story described in this section.
>> 
>> In my understanding, the main point of the attack in this section is a
>> DoS/Redirect attack by sending an ND message with a forged link-layer
>> address option.  In that sense, it should basically apply to all kinds
>> of neighbor solicitation.

> Section 4.1.1 is about attacks that involve spoofing an address when a node
> would create a Neighbor Cache entry.

Okay, but my main point still applies.  There should be nothing
special in the DAD case in terms of the attacks; other "normal"
neighbor solicitations for link-layer address resolution would also
cause the creation of a neighbor cache entry.  So, why the 2nd bullet
of Section 4.1.1 exists?

					JINMEI, Tatuya
					Communication Platform Lab.
					Corporate R&D Center, Toshiba Corp.
					jinmei@isl.rdc.toshiba.co.jp
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Nov 10 22:39:41 2003
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        "Erik Nordmark" <Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>,
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References: <y7v65ht5hx6.wl@ocean.jinmei.org> <07a101c3a7f1$8543dd00$b36015ac@dclkempt40> <y7vn0b37fwp.wl@ocean.jinmei.org>
Subject: Re: a question about send-psreq-04
Date: Mon, 10 Nov 2003 19:34:25 -0800
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Like I said, this section deals with cases where the node creates a NC
entry. There are two such cases, thus there are two bullets.

            jak

----- Original Message ----- 
From: <JINMEI Tatuya / $B?@L@C#:H (B <jinmei@isl.rdc.toshiba.co.jp>)>
To: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Cc: "Pekka Nikander" <pekka.nikander@nomadiclab.com>; "Erik Nordmark"
<Erik.Nordmark@sun.com>; <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Sent: Monday, November 10, 2003 7:17 PM
Subject: Re: a question about send-psreq-04


> >>>>> On Mon, 10 Nov 2003 17:16:58 -0800,
> >>>>> "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com> said:
>
> >> I have a quick question about draft-ietf-send-psreq-04.
> >>
> >> Section 4.1.1 (4.1.1 Neighbor Solicitation/Advertisement Spoofing)
> >> mentions Duplicate Address Detection as follows:
> >>
> >> More specifically, there are two cases when a node creates neighbor
> >> cache entries upon receiving Soliciations:
> >> ...
> >> 2.  During Duplicate Address Detection (DAD), if a node receives a
> >> Neighbor Solicitation for the same address it is soliciting for,
> >> the situation is considered a collision, and the node must cease
> >> to solicit for the said address.
>
> >> The description per se is not wrong, but I don't understand how this
> >> is related to the story described in this section.
> >>
> >> In my understanding, the main point of the attack in this section is a
> >> DoS/Redirect attack by sending an ND message with a forged link-layer
> >> address option.  In that sense, it should basically apply to all kinds
> >> of neighbor solicitation.
>
> > Section 4.1.1 is about attacks that involve spoofing an address when a
node
> > would create a Neighbor Cache entry.
>
> Okay, but my main point still applies.  There should be nothing
> special in the DAD case in terms of the attacks; other "normal"
> neighbor solicitations for link-layer address resolution would also
> cause the creation of a neighbor cache entry.  So, why the 2nd bullet
> of Section 4.1.1 exists?
>
> JINMEI, Tatuya
> Communication Platform Lab.
> Corporate R&D Center, Toshiba Corp.
> jinmei@isl.rdc.toshiba.co.jp
>

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From: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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CC: <pasi.eronen@nokia.com>
Subject: (fwd) Review of send-ndopt by Pasi Eronen (thanks Pasi!)
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------------

Hi,

Please find below some comments about draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00.

o  This is a reasonably complex draft; if you have any ideas
   how to simplify the text, please do implement them :-)

   One possibility would be to reorder sections 5-8 as 7,8,5,6
   (but I'm not 100% sure whether this would make it easier to 
   read or not).

o  There quite a lot of redundant text, since the same requirements 
   are stated several times (and it's difficult to see that they always
   match completely). For instance, the requirement that solicitations
   must include a Nonce option is stated a total of five (!) times
   with a MUST/REQUIRED keyword, and mentioned a couple of times
   without RFC2119 keywords.

o  It seems that the intent of Sections 7 and 8 would be to describe
   changes to the RFC2461/2462 processing model, but they don't
   actually contain all the changes (e.g. when receiving a
   solicitation with bogus timestamp, reply to the message but 
   don't update caches).

o  Section 5.1 seems to suggest that other options than CGA, Nonce,
   or Timestamp could be placed after the Signature option; however, 
   Section 5.3.1 says the Signature option MUST be the last option. 
   Perhaps 5.1 should be clarified?

o  Section 5.2: The Modifier field is 16 bits (2 octets), but
   in draft-ietf-send-cga-02, the modifier is 16 octets (128 bits)?

o  Section 5.4.2.2: The timestamp should also have some fuzz factor 
   taking the typical resolution of timestamps (e.g., 1 second)  
   into account. Otherwise we get a situation like this:

   (Let's assume that both hosts have perfectly synchronized and 
   accurate clocks, timestamp resolution is 1 second, and
   transmission delay is 100 ms.)

   10.100 Sender sends a message, with Timestamp value 10
   10.200 Packet is received (RDnew=10, TSnew=10).  
          This is a new message, so we store RDlast=10, TSlast=10.
   11.950 Sender sends another message, with Timestamp value 11
   12.050 Packet is received (RDnew=12, TSnew=11). This is a known 
          peer, so we compare 11 > 10 + (12-10)*(1-0.01). 
          Unfortunately, this fails!

o  Section 6.5.1: "The parent certificates in the certificate chain
   MUST contain one or more X.509 IP address extensions, back up to
   the delegating authority (the Regional Address Registry or IANA)
   that delegated the original IP address space block." I think
   it's much more likely that the trust anchor is something below,
   like ISP or company IT administrator.

o  Section 6.5.1: It's not 100% clear whether the certificate
   chain sent should also contain the CA certificate (in most 
   protocols, it's not sent since the client is assumed to have 
   it already).

o  Section 8.1.2: the last paragraph should be probably deleted, 
   because I guess we don't usually use trust anchor authorization
   for router _solicitations_?

o  Section 9 says that "Unsolicited Neighbor and Router Advertisements 
   sent by a SEND router MUST be secured.". I guess the text about
   unsolicited NAs applies also to non-router SEND nodes?

o  Section 11.2.1: Should this section also mention the case when
   cache entries are created as a side effect of non-DAD Neighbor
   Solicitation, or when cache entries are updated as a result of
   unsolicited Neighbor Advertisement? (BTW, I have a feeling that
   some parts of the document don't take unsolicited NAs into account)

Editorial nits:

o  Section 2: Should have reference to RFC2119 (keywords)
o  Section 3: s/preformed/performed/
o  Section 4: "To secure the various functions, a set of new Neighbor 
   Discovery options introduced." -> "...options is introduced."
o  Section 5.3: The name of the algorithm is "RSASSA-PKCS1-v1_5", 
   not "RSASSA-PKCS1-v2_1".
o  Section 5.3.2: s/TheDigital/The Digital/
o  Section 5.3.2: s/preceeding/preceding/
o  Section 5.4.2.2: s/dritf/drift/
o  Section 5.4.2.2: s/acepted/accepted/
o  Section 6.5.1: s/advertize/advertise/, twice
o  Section 6.5.1: s/AFI/Address Family Identifier/
o  Section 7.2.2: s/eighbor/neighbor/
o  References: are 9 (RFC3041) and 12 (RFC 3531) really normative?
o  References: 26 (draft-ietf-send-cga) is certainly normative
o  References: 10,14,28,29,30,31,32,33 are never cited anywhere;
o  Intellectual Property Statement: should contain the 
   boilerplate from Section 10.4(d) of RFC2026 
   (add <?rfc iprnotified='yes'?> for xml2rfc).

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Nov 11 16:08:19 2003
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From: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
To: <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>
CC: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: e: New issue?: The scope of source address for DCS?
Date: Tue, 11 Nov 2003 23:04:07 +0200
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(resend of an e-mail from the time before the WG meeting)

>>
>> In issue 21 we agreed that DCA source should be link-local.
>> It seems logical to require the same from DCS?
>
>
>
> This is a holdover from RFC-2461 where the RS has as source any
> address on the host's interface, and the RA is only
> link-local.

Indeed.

> The original motivation may indeed be as Pekka mentioned.
>
> I'm not fussed now about where we the group
> goes with this, but I guess that the same issues which
> affect RS/RA will affect DCS/DCA.
>
> I'm currently concerned with RS/DCS messages coming from an
> address which is not on an adjacent link.  I don't know
> how this is handled in the case where RS's are sent from
> a global address today (rfc-2461 doesn't seem to specify
> this).
>
> Should we even listen to such DCS's?

Maybe not. But as you say, I'm not sure this is documented
even in the ND case.

> I'm pretty certain that we don't want to create
> erroneous NC state on the router in this case, so
> unicast responses are out.

It still seems safest to me that we should
use link-local addresses. 

--Jari


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Tue Nov 11 16:09:03 2003
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From: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
To: <julien.laganier@laposte.net>
CC: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: Source Address Selection and CGA relationship
Date: Tue, 11 Nov 2003 23:05:42 +0200
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(another resend, failed mail config... sigh)

Julien Laganier wrote:

> I have a couple of questions regarding the dependance between SEND and default address selections algorithms [RFC3484].
> While using SEND, a node only benefits from SEND if itself and its on-link correspondent (that is, either an on-link router or the other communication endpoint if it's on-link) both uses a CGA to mutually denotes each other. 


There might be some partial benefits if one of the parties uses SEND.
But I agree.

> Hence, perhaps the SEND protocol specification should state that: "Rule X:  Prefer CGA. If SA is a CGA and SB is not, then prefer SA." ?


I think this is what should happen, not sure yet who needs to actually
state that and in which document.

> In case the remaining questions being:
>
> o Where should this check be done relatively to others source address selection rules (like home/CoA or public/tmp checks)?


Good question. This appears to depend on the user preferences of
e.g. security vs. availability or security vs. speed.

Anyway, perhaps the practical thing that will happen is that
if your node is CGA-enabled, it probably has all of its addresses
CGA addresses, and does not use a mixture. It can still communicate
with non-SEND nodes, who do not realize that the addresses are
so different. So maybe the order really doesn't matter that
much. But it must still be defined. It looks like one of the SEND
documents would be an appropriate place to put the default...

I would say the new rule would go between rules 2 and 3 in
RFC 3484. What do you think?

> o Should the sense of this preference be reversible for (mostly diagnostic) applications that aren't interested in having a "secure" network (e.g., parallel fping) ? An addendum might be "Implementations MUST/SHOULD provide a mechanism allowing an application to reverse the sense of this preference and prefer non-CG-Addresses over CG-Addresses (e.g., via appropriate API extensions)."


We may have a general mechanism for that already. RFC 3484 says:

   This specification optionally allows for the possibility of
   administrative configuration of policy that can override the default
   behavior of the algorithms.  The policy override takes the form of a
   configurable table that specifies precedence values and ...

So, it seems to me that if you want to tweak the default then this
would suffice, or? I think the case is different for care-of/home
addresses because you have a *dynamic* need to prefer care-of addresses
in certain cases.

--Jari


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Nov 12 11:12:10 2003
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> The table can describe preferences for prefixes and nothing more.

Ouch.

> Thus unless you pit CGA addresses in different prefixes, which would be
> a really BAD idea, you can't use that mechanism AFAIK.

In that case I agree. This means that we do need an API,
if someone wants to tweak the default preference.

--Jari


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Nov 12 15:49:58 2003
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Date: Wed, 12 Nov 2003 21:40:41 +0100
From: gabriel montenegro <gab@sun.com>
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To: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: question on ecc for draft-ietf-send-cga
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Current security is based on RSA almost exclusively:

  Each CGA address is associated with a public key and auxiliary
  parameters. The public key is formatted as a DER-encoded
  [ITU.X690.2002] ASN.1 structure of the type SubjectPublicKeyInfo
  defined in the Internet X.509 certificate profile [RFC3280]. The
  public key SHOULD be an RSA encryption key with the object identifier
  rsaEncryption (i.e., "1.2.840.113549.1.1.1") and the subject public
  key field SHOULD be formatted as an ASN.1 data structure of the type
  RSAEncryptionKey defined in [PKCS.1.2002]. The RSA key length SHOULD
  be at least 384 bits. Using any other public key type or format is
  strongly discouraged as it will result in incompatible CGA
  implementations.

I understand why whatever is chosen (RSA currently) will end up being
*it* as anything else will be incompatible. My question is why not
standardize on ECC instead? This would certainly aid small systems
both because of the lower CPU requirements and because of smaller
packets (true with current levels of 160ECC/1024RSA, improving going
forward to 224ECC/2048RSA, etc).

So was this ever considered? If so, why was it rejected? I couldn't find
any discussion on the mailing list...

tnx,

-gabriel

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Nov 12 18:21:23 2003
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Message-ID: <007101c3a972$e5bf47f0$85818182@dclkempt40>
From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: <gab@sun.com>, <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
References: <20031112160430.OWXF18555.fep06-app.kolumbus.fi@mta.imail.kolumbus.fi> <3FB29AC9.3020108@sun.com>
Subject: Re: question on ecc for draft-ietf-send-cga
Date: Wed, 12 Nov 2003 15:15:43 -0800
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Gab,

> I understand why whatever is chosen (RSA currently) will end up being
> *it* as anything else will be incompatible. My question is why not
> standardize on ECC instead? This would certainly aid small systems
> both because of the lower CPU requirements and because of smaller
> packets (true with current levels of 160ECC/1024RSA, improving going
> forward to 224ECC/2048RSA, etc).
>
> So was this ever considered? If so, why was it rejected? I couldn't find
> any discussion on the mailing list...
>

The original SEND draft that I wrote up very early on suggested using ECC
for exactly the reasons you describe. This was rejected by the original
design team, due to the problem that most ECC methods are heavily RAND IPR
encumbered. RSA is IPR free. With a protocol such as SEND that is deeply
embedded into the base platform, including RAND IPR encumbered technology is
more likely to act as an inhibitor for people who want to implement it.
Unlike CGA, I don't think it would be possible to get a nonRAND IPR
statement on ECC because it is a much broader technology than CGA and, even
if it were, the amount of time and effort required for such a statement
would delay SEND at a time when IPv6 deployment is proceeding apace, thereby
making it less attractive from a market perspective.

At a more general level, one could also ask, why not make the crypto method
negotiable? For a basic system function like SEND, this seems a little
heavyweight, as long as the protocol accommodates Moore's Law, and it also
would complicate the protocol considerably through requiring negotiation.

            jak

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Nov 12 18:45:04 2003
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From: gabriel montenegro <gab@sun.com>
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To: James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
CC: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Re: question on ecc for draft-ietf-send-cga
References: <20031112160430.OWXF18555.fep06-app.kolumbus.fi@mta.imail.kolumbus.fi> <3FB29AC9.3020108@sun.com> <007101c3a972$e5bf47f0$85818182@dclkempt40>
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James Kempf wrote:

> The original SEND draft that I wrote up very early on suggested using ECC
>
>for exactly the reasons you describe. This was rejected by the original
>design team, due to the problem that most ECC methods are heavily RAND IPR
>encumbered. RSA is IPR free. With a protocol such as SEND that is deeply
>embedded into the base platform, including RAND IPR encumbered technology is
>more likely to act as an inhibitor for people who want to implement it.
>Unlike CGA, I don't think it would be possible to get a nonRAND IPR
>statement on ECC because it is a much broader technology than CGA and, even
>if it were, the amount of time and effort required for such a statement
>would delay SEND at a time when IPv6 deployment is proceeding apace, thereby
>making it less attractive from a market perspective.
>  
>
Was this done in the light of the fact that Openssl.org already includes 
(under that license) an
optimized ECC implementation? If open source  can use it, why not SeND?
Further info here:

  http://research.sun.com/projects/crypto/FrequenlyAskedQuestions.html

Caveat: That contribution and text is from my employer, but I'm asking 
this question as
an individual who believes ECC may be a better choice. I think the terms 
are fine
(they're part of openssl, so presumably the terms are identical to 
those). But this is
my personal opinion.

-gabriel

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Nov 12 21:06:31 2003
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Gabriel,

Its a good question to ask.

But I really think RSA is a better choice in terms of being
clearly unencumbered. ECC, on the other hand, is widely
known to have IPR issues. I do not think the appearance
of an algorithm in a public domain software is
a proof that there are no IPR issues, say, if a large vendor
started using the algorithm.

So, I'm strongly in favor of keeping RSA. That doesn't
mean that we couldn't revisit this decision and bring
another algorithm in to SEND in a Draft Standard phase,
for instance, or even later when the IPRs expire like they
did for RSA couple of years ago.

Secondly, James asked why we can't make this negotiable.
It certainly is negotiable in, say, IKE. However, there
the situation is different. First of all, its a unicast,
negotiated security setup. What we have is in some cases
multicast (e.g. DAD) and its hard to see how we could
get it to work with negotiation. Also, in IKE the algorithm
affects what keys you have, and what the protocols do.
In our case it would also affect the addresses that we use
for communication.

--Jari


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Nov 12 22:02:10 2003
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> http://research.sun.com/projects/crypto/FrequenlyAskedQuestions.html

Having taken a look at this, it does not appear to say more
than that SUN will not use its patents against OpenSSL users.
It does not say that other implementations of the same techniques
would get the same benefits, it does not say that others have no
patents on ECC (they do), nor does it say that those others would
not come after the users of those patents (my guess is that they
would).

Lets just not go there.

--Jari


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From: Claude.Castelluccia@inrialpes.fr
To: jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi
Cc: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Re: question on ecc for draft-ietf-send-cga
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Quoting jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi:

> 
> Secondly, James asked why we can't make this negotiable.
> It certainly is negotiable in, say, IKE. However, there
> the situation is different. First of all, its a unicast,
> negotiated security setup. What we have is in some cases
> multicast (e.g. DAD) and its hard to see how we could
> get it to work with negotiation. 

For the DAD case, the network (or the router) could actually specify 
to the hosts which algorithm to use for their CGAs...
the algorithm does not have to be negociated between users, it just have
to be specified by the network...does this make sense?


Claude. 


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Subject: RE: question on ecc for draft-ietf-send-cga
Date: Thu, 13 Nov 2003 02:20:31 -0800
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Thread-Topic: question on ecc for draft-ietf-send-cga
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From: "Tuomas Aura" <tuomaura@microsoft.com>
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Having multiple alternative algorithms is a bad idea for the
following reasons:

- Loss of interoperability unless there is at least one 
  mandatory algorithm that everyone must always accept.
- Reduced security: The more algorithms a node accepts, the 
  more likely it is that one of them will be broken. Thus, 
  implementing any algorithm on top of the one mandatory 
  one reduces security.
- Algorithm negotiation does not work for the delegation 
  chain. 
- Negotiation requires a multi-message handshake. This
  makes protocols far less efficient and breaks broadcast
  protocols like SEND (as Jari already pointed out). 
- Ad-hoc networks and networks with no SEND-capable router
  cannot rely on the router to select the algorithm. 

Tuomas 


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Nov 13 09:49:30 2003
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From: Julien Laganier <julien.laganier@laposte.net>
To: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
Subject: Re: Source Address Selection and CGA relationship
Date: Thu, 13 Nov 2003 15:41:59 +0100
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On Tuesday 11 November 2003 22:05, jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi wrote:
>
> Anyway, perhaps the practical thing that will happen is that
> if your node is CGA-enabled, it probably has all of its addresses
> CGA addresses, and does not use a mixture. It can still communicate
> with non-SEND nodes, who do not realize that the addresses are
> so different. So maybe the order really doesn't matter that
> much. But it must still be defined. It looks like one of the SEND
> documents would be an appropriate place to put the default...

I agree it's a good simplification if a CGA-enabled has all of its addresses
CGA addresses, but I would like to have a mean to make diagnostic tools avoid 
SeND processing. I guess we agreed that it requires an API cuz it cannot be 
done with system defaults (a diagnostic tools doesn't fall in the default 
category). 

Thus, the API should allow either 1) to choose a non-CGA address, or 2) 
disable SeND processing. It's not yet clear to me which is the best solution.

> I would say the new rule would go between rules 2 and 3 in
> RFC 3484. What do you think?

My first idea was to put the new rule at the end of the list, so that, 
hopefully,  it doesn't disturb too much regular address selection processing 
:-)

But it makes sense to me to put the new CGA preference rule between rules 2 
and 3, though I'm not sure it doesn't conflicts with others rules, like those 
related to MobileIP for example. 

Suppose, for instance, that your CoA is a CGA (e.g., your attachment LAN is 
SeND-enabled) and your HoA is not (e.g., your home network isn't 
SeND-enabled): An application would prefer to use the CoA as a source 
address, which negates rule 4 (prefer HoA).

I don't know if this is really an issue. What do mobile-ip guys think?

Thanks,

--julien

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Nov 13 15:19:58 2003
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To: "Julien Laganier" <julien.laganier@laposte.net>, <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
Cc: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
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Subject: Re: Source Address Selection and CGA relationship
Date: Thu, 13 Nov 2003 12:15:36 -0800
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Julian,

> > Anyway, perhaps the practical thing that will happen is that
> > if your node is CGA-enabled, it probably has all of its addresses
> > CGA addresses, and does not use a mixture. It can still communicate
> > with non-SEND nodes, who do not realize that the addresses are
> > so different. So maybe the order really doesn't matter that
> > much. But it must still be defined. It looks like one of the SEND
> > documents would be an appropriate place to put the default...
>
> I agree it's a good simplification if a CGA-enabled has all of its
addresses
> CGA addresses, but I would like to have a mean to make diagnostic tools
avoid
> SeND processing. I guess we agreed that it requires an API cuz it cannot
be
> done with system defaults (a diagnostic tools doesn't fall in the default
> category).
>
> Thus, the API should allow either 1) to choose a non-CGA address, or 2)
> disable SeND processing. It's not yet clear to me which is the best
solution.
>


So how about if the draft-ietf-send-ndopts says:

    A SEND=enabled node SHOULD use CGA addresses by default, but MAY use
nonCGA addresses for testing, diagnostics, and other purposes.  The node MAY
provide an API to switch address type, but such an API is not considered
further in this document.

...since an API is out of scope of the SEND group.

> > I would say the new rule would go between rules 2 and 3 in
> > RFC 3484. What do you think?
>
Changing RFC 3484 is not within the scope of the SEND group's charter. Pekka
and I will inform the IESG about this when we send the document to them, so
they can figure out how to get the change made.

> My first idea was to put the new rule at the end of the list, so that,
> hopefully,  it doesn't disturb too much regular address selection
processing
> :-)
>
> But it makes sense to me to put the new CGA preference rule between rules
2
> and 3, though I'm not sure it doesn't conflicts with others rules, like
those
> related to MobileIP for example.
>
> Suppose, for instance, that your CoA is a CGA (e.g., your attachment LAN
is
> SeND-enabled) and your HoA is not (e.g., your home network isn't
> SeND-enabled): An application would prefer to use the CoA as a source
> address, which negates rule 4 (prefer HoA).
>
> I don't know if this is really an issue. What do mobile-ip guys think?
>

We don't have to figure this out now.

            jak

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Nov 13 16:35:25 2003
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From: Vijay Devarapalli <vijayd@iprg.nokia.com>
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Subject: Re: Source Address Selection and CGA relationship
References: <20031111210542.FILY23234.fep21-app.kolumbus.fi@mta.imail.kolumbus.fi> <200311131541.59532.julien.laganier@laposte.net>
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Julien Laganier wrote:
>
>>I would say the new rule would go between rules 2 and 3 in
>>RFC 3484. What do you think?
> 
> 
> My first idea was to put the new rule at the end of the list, so that, 
> hopefully,  it doesn't disturb too much regular address selection processing 
> :-)
> 
> But it makes sense to me to put the new CGA preference rule between rules 2 
> and 3, though I'm not sure it doesn't conflicts with others rules, like those 
> related to MobileIP for example. 
> 
> Suppose, for instance, that your CoA is a CGA (e.g., your attachment LAN is 
> SeND-enabled) and your HoA is not (e.g., your home network isn't 
> SeND-enabled): An application would prefer to use the CoA as a source 
> address, which negates rule 4 (prefer HoA).
> 
> I don't know if this is really an issue. What do mobile-ip guys think?

well, if you have a CGA CoA and non-CGA CoA, the rule can be
'prefer a CGA CoA'. between HoA and CoA, you have to always
prefer the HoA irrespective of whether the HoA/CoA is a CGA
address or not.

Vijay

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Subject: RE: Source Address Selection and CGA relationship
Date: Thu, 13 Nov 2003 15:10:09 -0800
Message-ID: <5C611EA73500FE4C908733811F670B4501C4F868@RED-MSG-31.redmond.corp.microsoft.com>
Thread-Topic: Source Address Selection and CGA relationship
Thread-Index: AcOqLjYp1R43W7BQRgSZU0ErOCt5yQADOAdA
From: "Richard Draves" <richdr@microsoft.com>
To: "Vijay Devarapalli" <vijayd@iprg.nokia.com>,
        "Julien Laganier" <julien.laganier@laposte.net>
Cc: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>, <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
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> >
> >>I would say the new rule would go between rules 2 and 3 in 
> RFC 3484. 
> >>What do you think?

I think the preference for CGA would be at the end of the list, in rule
7. Somehow it feels similar to the public/temporary address preference.

Rich

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From: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>
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To: pasi.eronen@nokia.com, James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>,
        Greg Daley <greg.daley@eng.monash.edu.au>,
        Margaret Wasserman <margaret.wasserman@nokia.com>,
        Christian Huitema <huitema@windows.microsoft.com>,
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Cc: SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Please check: Discussion transcript from SEND WG on Tuesday
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Pasi, James, Greg, Margaret, Christian, Samita, Jari,
and Tony,

I have now prepared a transcript of the discussions that
took place at the SEND WG on Tuesday, based on minutes
provided by Greg Daley and Michael Richardsson.  Many
thanks to Greg and Michael!

Please check that what I have written matches accurately
enough with what you intended to say.  If not, please send
me corrections.

If you said something, and notice that we have missed
that, please let me know.

I will produce summarized minutes next week, and also post
a corrected version of this discussion.

[I am posting this from p.n@ericsson.com, but please
  send replies to p.n@nomadiclab.com.  The reason for
  posting from ericsson.com are the problems that I have
  with posting to the list.  I'm sorry for the inconvenience.]

--Pekka Nikander


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Pasi Eronen: I reviewed the CGA draft and even checked the
  hashes in the examples, and the draft seems to be OK.

James Kempf: Thanks, these kinds of reviews are important,
  especially ones that go deep enough.

Greg Daley: Did Jon Wood implement the DCS/DCA response delay?  In
  other words, did the measured number include the DCS/DCA random delay?

James Kempf: No, I don't think so.  I will post a definite answer to
  the list.
  
Margaret Wasserman: Question.  HOW do we configure to use the secure
  address as the source address?  All the other address selection
  rules in RFC3484 check the prefix of the address.  How can the
  configuration table in RFC3484 dtermine if the address is a CGA
  address?  Or do we always want to prefer the secure address?

Christian Huitema: We already do this with RFC3014 privacy addresses.  
  We might not want to prefer a CGA address, we might want to use some
  other address, a throw away address which we use for privacy.
  We may also want to use a different key for privacy addresses.

Samita Chakrabarti: In terms of source addresses it is implementation
  specific how to determine whether to use a CGA address or not.  The
  local node will know if a given source address is a CGA or not.  The
  MIPv6 API contains switching of addresses on/off.

Jari: For care-of addresses, one might prefer, but why CGA?

Samita: I am not sure, I am probably not the best person to answer
  this question.  But please specify what the default mode is to be,
  to use CGA addresses or not?	For the question of whether a new API
  should be created or not, please consult the IPv6 WG.

Tony Hain: The new public keys will have to registered somewhere, right?

Jari Arkko: We do not need any infrastructure to store the keys.  

James: These keys aren't being used elsewhere. Only in RS/ND.

Tony Hain: If CGAs become the preferred addresses, we need to ensure
  that there is a place to make the keys available, since people will
  want to use the keys elsewhere.  So, don't go there right now.

James Kempf: We need to take this to the list.

Greg Daley:  I have not seen any hosts that send redirects.  However,
  if there indeed are such cases, maybe we have to have a look into
  this. 

James Kempf: Lets take this, too, to the list.

Pasi Eronen: I did the review of the NDopts document, too, and most of
  the issues are editorial in nature.  For example, the ndopts
  document says the modifier is 16 bits and the CGA document states
  that it is 16 octets (or was it the other way around?).  However, I
  have an issue with the timestamp algorithm.  I am not sure whether it
  works with 1 second resolution for timestamp, even with less than 1
  second timestamp.  Allow things to be off by 1 second. But I've sent
  this comment to the list already.  

  There seems to be also some text missing about unsolicited ND. If
  the node has some reason to update things, it can send them.

Jari Arkko: Yes, we need to handle these issues.  Thank you for
  bringing them up.

Pasi Eronen: There is also lots of redundant text. 

Jari Arkko: Yes, the document needs some serious editing.
  
James Kempf: The goal right now is to get the document ready, and
  announce another last call before the end of November, if possible.
  We will also send the document to the review board.  Apparently, it
  will take some time to process the review comments, but the goal is
  to get the document ready for IESG before the end of the year.
  Then it usually takes 6-9 months to get through the IESG and the
  RFC Editor.

Margaret Wasserman:  We need to try to do better than 9 years for
  getting this through.

James Kempf:  The idea is to shut down the working group of the IESG
  review, but keep the mailing list running anyway.

Margeret Wasserman: Maybe we need to keep the group on a hiatus if we
  need to go to draft standard.  But that is just a process issue.

James Kempf:  I like things to start, cruise, and reach end.  Hence I
  would prefer to close down the working group and run later another
  bof, if needed.  


--------------000506030003060506050809--

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Nov 14 13:32:10 2003
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From: Julien Laganier <julien.laganier@laposte.net>
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To: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
Subject: Re: Source Address Selection and CGA relationship
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On Tuesday 11 November 2003 22:05, jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi wrote:
>
> Anyway, perhaps the practical thing that will happen is that
> if your node is CGA-enabled, it probably has all of its addresses
> CGA addresses, and does not use a mixture. It can still communicate
> with non-SEND nodes, who do not realize that the addresses are
> so different. So maybe the order really doesn't matter that
> much. But it must still be defined. It looks like one of the SEND
> documents would be an appropriate place to put the default...

I agree it's a good simplification if a CGA-enabled has all of its addresses
CGA addresses, but I would like to have a mean to make diagnostic tools avoid 
SeND processing. I guess we agreed that it requires an API cuz it cannot be 
done with system defaults (a diagnostic tools doesn't fall in the default 
category). 

Thus, the API should allow either 1) to choose a non-CGA address, or 2) 
disable SeND processing. It's not yet clear to me which is the best solution.

> I would say the new rule would go between rules 2 and 3 in
> RFC 3484. What do you think?

My first idea was to put the new rule at the end of the list, so that, 
hopefully,  it doesn't disturb too much regular address selection processing 
:-)

But it makes sense to me to put the new CGA preference rule between rules 2 
and 3, though I'm not sure it doesn't conflicts with others rules, like those 
related to MobileIP for example. 

Suppose, for instance, that your CoA is a CGA (e.g., your attachment LAN is 
SeND-enabled) and your HoA is not (e.g., your home network isn't 
SeND-enabled): An application would prefer to use the CoA as a source 
address, which negates rule 4 (prefer HoA).

I don't know if this is really an issue. What do mobile-ip guys think?

Thanks,

--julien

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Nov 14 17:45:24 2003
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From: Julien Laganier <julien.laganier@laposte.net>
To: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Re: Source Address Selection and CGA relationship
Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2003 23:14:16 +0100
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On Thursday 13 November 2003 22:28, Vijay Devarapalli wrote:
> Julien Laganier wrote:
> >>I would say the new rule would go between rules 2 and 3 in
> >>RFC 3484. What do you think?
> >
> > My first idea was to put the new rule at the end of the list, so that,
> > hopefully,  it doesn't disturb too much regular address selection
> > processing
> >
> > :-)
> >
> > But it makes sense to me to put the new CGA preference rule between rules
> > 2 and 3, though I'm not sure it doesn't conflicts with others rules, like
> > those related to MobileIP for example.
> >
> > Suppose, for instance, that your CoA is a CGA (e.g., your attachment LAN
> > is SeND-enabled) and your HoA is not (e.g., your home network isn't
> > SeND-enabled): An application would prefer to use the CoA as a source
> > address, which negates rule 4 (prefer HoA).
> >
> > I don't know if this is really an issue. What do mobile-ip guys think?
>
> well, if you have a CGA CoA and non-CGA CoA, the rule can be
> 'prefer a CGA CoA'. between HoA and CoA, you have to always
> prefer the HoA irrespective of whether the HoA/CoA is a CGA
> address or not.

So It seems that this new rule should be put at the end of the list, as 
Richard proposed (in rule 7), thus avoiding conflicts with MIP-related and 
others address selections rules. This probably implies, as some people stated 
before, that a SeND-enabled node should be configured with CGA only 
addresses.

Thanks,

--julien

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Nov 14 21:20:18 2003
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From: Julien Laganier <julien.laganier@laposte.net>
To: Vijay Devarapalli <vijayd@iprg.nokia.com>
Subject: Re: Source Address Selection and CGA relationship
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On Thursday 13 November 2003 22:28, Vijay Devarapalli wrote:
> Julien Laganier wrote:
> >>I would say the new rule would go between rules 2 and 3 in
> >>RFC 3484. What do you think?
> >
> > My first idea was to put the new rule at the end of the list, so that,
> > hopefully,  it doesn't disturb too much regular address selection
> > processing
> >
> > :-)
> >
> > But it makes sense to me to put the new CGA preference rule between rules
> > 2 and 3, though I'm not sure it doesn't conflicts with others rules, like
> > those related to MobileIP for example.
> >
> > Suppose, for instance, that your CoA is a CGA (e.g., your attachment LAN
> > is SeND-enabled) and your HoA is not (e.g., your home network isn't
> > SeND-enabled): An application would prefer to use the CoA as a source
> > address, which negates rule 4 (prefer HoA).
> >
> > I don't know if this is really an issue. What do mobile-ip guys think?
>
> well, if you have a CGA CoA and non-CGA CoA, the rule can be
> 'prefer a CGA CoA'. between HoA and CoA, you have to always
> prefer the HoA irrespective of whether the HoA/CoA is a CGA
> address or not.

So It seems that this new rule should be put at the end of the list, as 
Richard proposed (in rule 7), thus avoiding conflicts with MIP-related and 
others address selections rules. This probably implies, as some people stated 
before, that a SeND-enabled node should be configured with CGA only 
addresses.

Thanks,

--julien

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Date: Sun, 16 Nov 2003 11:18:58 +0100
From: gabriel montenegro <gab@sun.com>
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To: Tuomas Aura <tuomaura@microsoft.com>
CC: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Re: question on ecc for draft-ietf-send-cga
References: <64A531765B7C8342BFA260497BE0045763578F@RED-MSG-43.redmond.corp.microsoft.com>
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Tuomas Aura wrote:
> Having multiple alternative algorithms is a bad idea for the
> following reasons:
> 
> - Loss of interoperability unless there is at least one 
>   mandatory algorithm that everyone must always accept.

Clearly at least one (and hopefully not more than that) must be a
MUST.

> - Reduced security: The more algorithms a node accepts, the 
>   more likely it is that one of them will be broken. Thus, 
>   implementing any algorithm on top of the one mandatory 
>   one reduces security.

I seem to think of this the other way around. If we put all
eggs in one basket and that basket is broken into...

> - Algorithm negotiation does not work for the delegation 
>   chain. 
> - Negotiation requires a multi-message handshake. This
>   makes protocols far less efficient and breaks broadcast
>   protocols like SEND (as Jari already pointed out). 

Maybe negotiation does. But maybe that is not necessary.
"Offer-and-choose" could perhaps work in the multicast or broadcast
model( haven't thought through all the details though).

> - Ad-hoc networks and networks with no SEND-capable router
>   cannot rely on the router to select the algorithm. 

Ad hoc networks? Is that in the charter? Perhaps small system
performance is more of a concern? At any rate, from what I hear
1024 bit RSA is not estimated to be secure beyond 2010 (and
some have moved to 2048 bit RSA already). Perhaps performance
and fragmentation issues may force a revisiting of this decision
within a few years.

I realize that the IPR issues are not completely clear to all
in spite of the existence of open source implementations
(openssl is one, mozilla NSS as of version 3.8 is another).

Heck, at least in my mind, this also applies to the CGA IPR itself.
For example, the Ericsson/MS statements  apply to
draft-ietf-send-ipsec-XX, but there is no mention of
draft-ietf-send-cga-XX.

But perhaps the only way to get some warm and fuzzy that things
are ok for us non-lawyers is to have some experience and see a track
record of things being ok.

-gabriel

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Nov 17 07:54:45 2003
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From: <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>
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Subject: Re: question on ecc for draft-ietf-send-cga
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> Heck, at least in my mind, this also applies to the CGA IPR itself.
> For example, the Ericsson/MS statements  apply to
> draft-ietf-send-ipsec-XX, but there is no mention of
> draft-ietf-send-cga-XX.

And draft-ietf-send-ipsec has been replaced with draft-ietf-
send-ndopt. But I think the original statements had some
words about derivate works. If this is an issue for someone,
we can ask for an updated statement; perhaps that would make
sense around the time the draft names and versions don't
change much more, such as in IETF last call. I'd rather
not visit the IPR department too often ;-)

> But perhaps the only way to get some warm and fuzzy that things
> are ok for us non-lawyers is to have some experience and see a track
> record of things being ok.

I agree, even if I don't share your view that the thnings are
ok. Things might be ok until enough billion dollar companies
have put the stuff in their products ;-)

But here's a practical proposal that I think we could
both agree on: we would keep the drafts as they are now,
but agree to revisit this issue after the SEND WG comes
back alive to issue Draft Standard RFC perhaps. By that
time (maybe 1-2 years from now) we should have learned
whether the RSA packet sizes are a practical problem, and
gotten additional evidence of the situation on the ECC
side.

--Jari


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Nov 17 08:54:03 2003
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Subject: Re: question on ecc for draft-ietf-send-cga
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jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi wrote:
> But here's a practical proposal that I think we could
> both agree on: we would keep the drafts as they are now,
> but agree to revisit this issue after the SEND WG comes
> back alive to issue Draft Standard RFC perhaps. By that
> time (maybe 1-2 years from now) we should have learned
> whether the RSA packet sizes are a practical problem, and
> gotten additional evidence of the situation on the ECC
> side.

This makes good sense, Jari, thanks. Who knows if the answer
will have changed by then, but it's worth at least asking
the question.

-gabriel

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Nov 17 14:12:01 2003
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Subject: Re: question on ecc for draft-ietf-send-cga
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> > Heck, at least in my mind, this also applies to the CGA IPR itself.
> > For example, the Ericsson/MS statements  apply to
> > draft-ietf-send-ipsec-XX, but there is no mention of
> > draft-ietf-send-cga-XX.
> 
> And draft-ietf-send-ipsec has been replaced with draft-ietf-
> send-ndopt. But I think the original statements had some
> words about derivate works. If this is an issue for someone,
> we can ask for an updated statement; perhaps that would make
> sense around the time the draft names and versions don't
> change much more, such as in IETF last call. I'd rather
> not visit the IPR department too often ;-)
> 
> > But perhaps the only way to get some warm and fuzzy that things
> > are ok for us non-lawyers is to have some experience and see a track
> > record of things being ok.
> 
> I agree, even if I don't share your view that the thnings are
> ok. Things might be ok until enough billion dollar companies
> have put the stuff in their products ;-)
> 
> But here's a practical proposal that I think we could
> both agree on: we would keep the drafts as they are now,
> but agree to revisit this issue after the SEND WG comes
> back alive to issue Draft Standard RFC perhaps. By that
> time (maybe 1-2 years from now) we should have learned
> whether the RSA packet sizes are a practical problem, and
> gotten additional evidence of the situation on the ECC
> side.
> 

This sounds reasonable to me.

        jak
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Mon Nov 17 14:40:03 2003
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From: Claude.Castelluccia@inrialpes.fr
To: James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
Cc: jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi, gab@eng.sun.cnri.reston.va.us,
        ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Re: question on ecc for draft-ietf-send-cga
References: <20031117124639.BHDD15980.fep20-app.kolumbus.fi@mta.imail.kolumbus.fi> <021b01c3ad3d$bb1fce60$956015ac@dclkempt40>
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Hello,

BTW i was just wondering: why/how was RSA selected instead
of DSA? Is it because verifying in DSA is quite expensive
and we rather put the burden on the signer?

thanks,
Claude.


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Cc: Samita Chakrabarti <Samita.Chakrabarti@eng.sun.com>
Subject: An API question from Samita
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Following the discussion last week at Minneapolis,
Samita Chakrabarti wants to ask the working group
the following question:

   draft-chakrabarti-ipv6-addrselect-api-02.txt already has a mechanism
   to choose CGA and NON-CGA source addresses by the application using
   socket api.  The SEND wg needs to decide whether such API is needed
   for applications running on a SEND-node.  Please send the decision on
   this to the IPv6 wg alias - based on that we will update the address
   selection API draft (which actually goes along with RFC3484).

Please send your replies to the mailing list.  The chairs
will summarize and post the summary also to the ipv6 mailing
list.

--Pekka Nikander


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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Nov 19 14:04:10 2003
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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
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Subject: Question on DCS/DCA
Date: Wed, 19 Nov 2003 10:57:42 -0800
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A question came up of whether Jon Wood's implementation used the RS/RA
timing for DCS/DCA. I asked Jon and he said no, since the DCS/DCA is
triggered by receipt of an RA for which the host doesn't have a cert chain.
Thus, the original RS/RA achieves the proper timing.

            jak

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Nov 20 18:24:24 2003
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From: "Mohan Parthasarathy" <mohanp@sbcglobal.net>
To: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: SEND with link-layer security
Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2003 15:15:00 -0800
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I have a question on section 11.1 of  draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00.

11.1 Threats to the Local Link Not Covered by SEND

   SEND does not compensate for an insecure link layer.  In particular,
   there is no cryptographic binding in SEND between the link layer
   frame address and the IPv6 address.  On an insecure link layer that
   allows nodes to spoof the link layer address of other nodes, an
   attacker could disrupt IP service by sending out a Neighbor
   Advertisement having the source address on the link layer frame of a
   victim, a valid CGA address and a valid signature corresponding to
   itself, and a Target Link-layer Address extension corresponding to
   the victim.  The attacker could then proceed to cause a traffic
   stream to bombard the victim in a DoS attack.  To protect against
   such attacks, link layer security MUST be used.  An example of such
   for 802 type networks is port-based access control defined in the
   802.1X standard [34].

I am not sure how link-layer security helps. 802.1x will not check the
target link-layer address option. It checks only the source address
of the mac header. And IP layer does not check the source mac address
and only checks the target link layer option. So, how does link layer
security help this case ?

thanks
mohan
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Nov 20 18:40:53 2003
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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Mohan Parthasarathy" <mohanp@sbcglobal.net>,
        <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
References: <00fc01c3afbc$22687790$681067c0@adithya>
Subject: Re: SEND with link-layer security
Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2003 15:34:22 -0800
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Mohan,

I think this was one of the issues we resolved in the last round. Please
check the issues page
(http://users.piuha.net/jarkko/publications/send/issues/) and if that does
not answer your question, repost it. Thanx.

            jak

----- Original Message ----- 
From: "Mohan Parthasarathy" <mohanp@sbcglobal.net>
To: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2003 3:15 PM
Subject: SEND with link-layer security


> I have a question on section 11.1 of  draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00.
>
> 11.1 Threats to the Local Link Not Covered by SEND
>
>    SEND does not compensate for an insecure link layer.  In particular,
>    there is no cryptographic binding in SEND between the link layer
>    frame address and the IPv6 address.  On an insecure link layer that
>    allows nodes to spoof the link layer address of other nodes, an
>    attacker could disrupt IP service by sending out a Neighbor
>    Advertisement having the source address on the link layer frame of a
>    victim, a valid CGA address and a valid signature corresponding to
>    itself, and a Target Link-layer Address extension corresponding to
>    the victim.  The attacker could then proceed to cause a traffic
>    stream to bombard the victim in a DoS attack.  To protect against
>    such attacks, link layer security MUST be used.  An example of such
>    for 802 type networks is port-based access control defined in the
>    802.1X standard [34].
>
> I am not sure how link-layer security helps. 802.1x will not check the
> target link-layer address option. It checks only the source address
> of the mac header. And IP layer does not check the source mac address
> and only checks the target link layer option. So, how does link layer
> security help this case ?
>
> thanks
> mohan
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
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> body to <ietf-send-request@standards.ericsson.net>.
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Thu Nov 20 20:43:49 2003
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Subject: Re: SEND with link-layer security
Date: Thu, 20 Nov 2003 17:38:14 -0800
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> Mohan,
>
> I think this was one of the issues we resolved in the last round. Please
> check the issues page
> (http://users.piuha.net/jarkko/publications/send/issues/) and if that does
> not answer your question, repost it. Thanx.
>
From what i can tell, it does not seem to answer the question. Unless you
recommend
the IP layer to cross check the source address of the mac header and the
target
link layer option AND you have 802.11i type security (that prevents mac
address
spoofing), this DoS attack cannot be prevented. But i remember some
discussion
in the past regarding why IP does not do the check. So, wihtout that, i
don't see
how this attack can be prevented.

If my understanding is correct, the IP address ownership seems to solve the
redirection attack problem i.e the attacker cannot redirect packets that
are destined  to some other address (that it does not own) to itself , but
it
still can cause flooding attacks by having the victim's mac address in the
target link layer option of the NA.

-mohan

-mohan



>             jak
>
> ----- Original Message ----- 
> From: "Mohan Parthasarathy" <mohanp@sbcglobal.net>
> To: <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
> Sent: Thursday, November 20, 2003 3:15 PM
> Subject: SEND with link-layer security
>
>
> > I have a question on section 11.1 of  draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00.
> >
> > 11.1 Threats to the Local Link Not Covered by SEND
> >
> >    SEND does not compensate for an insecure link layer.  In particular,
> >    there is no cryptographic binding in SEND between the link layer
> >    frame address and the IPv6 address.  On an insecure link layer that
> >    allows nodes to spoof the link layer address of other nodes, an
> >    attacker could disrupt IP service by sending out a Neighbor
> >    Advertisement having the source address on the link layer frame of a
> >    victim, a valid CGA address and a valid signature corresponding to
> >    itself, and a Target Link-layer Address extension corresponding to
> >    the victim.  The attacker could then proceed to cause a traffic
> >    stream to bombard the victim in a DoS attack.  To protect against
> >    such attacks, link layer security MUST be used.  An example of such
> >    for 802 type networks is port-based access control defined in the
> >    802.1X standard [34].
> >
> > I am not sure how link-layer security helps. 802.1x will not check the
> > target link-layer address option. It checks only the source address
> > of the mac header. And IP layer does not check the source mac address
> > and only checks the target link layer option. So, how does link layer
> > security help this case ?
> >
> > thanks
> > mohan
> > --------------------------------------------------------------------
> > To unsubscribe from this list, send email with "UNSUBSCRIBE" in the
> > body to <ietf-send-request@standards.ericsson.net>.
> > Archive: http://standards.ericsson.net/lists/ietf-send/maillist.html
> > --------------------------------------------------------------------
> >
>
> --------------------------------------------------------------------
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> body to <ietf-send-request@standards.ericsson.net>.
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> --------------------------------------------------------------------

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Nov 21 02:23:53 2003
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To: Mohan Parthasarathy <mohanp@sbcglobal.net>
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Subject: Re: SEND with link-layer security
References: <00fc01c3afbc$22687790$681067c0@adithya> <0fbc01c3afbe$d5945120$956015ac@dclkempt40> <012801c3afd0$22fc3c00$681067c0@adithya>
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Mohan,

Thanks for your question. Inline:

> I have a question on section 11.1 of  draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00.
> 
>    11.1 Threats to the Local Link Not Covered by SEND
> 
>    SEND does not compensate for an insecure link layer.  In particular,
>    there is no cryptographic binding in SEND between the link layer
>    frame address and the IPv6 address.  On an insecure link layer that
>    allows nodes to spoof the link layer address of other nodes, an
>    attacker could disrupt IP service by sending out a Neighbor
>    Advertisement having the source address on the link layer frame of a
>    victim, a valid CGA address and a valid signature corresponding to
>    itself, and a Target Link-layer Address extension corresponding to
>    the victim.  The attacker could then proceed to cause a traffic
>    stream to bombard the victim in a DoS attack.  To protect against
>    such attacks, link layer security MUST be used.  An example of such
>    for 802 type networks is port-based access control defined in the
>    802.1X standard [34].
> 
> I am not sure how link-layer security helps. 802.1x will not check the
> target link-layer address option. It checks only the source address of
> the mac header. And IP layer does not check the source mac address and
> only checks the target link layer option. So, how does link layer
> security help this case ?
> 
> From what i can tell, it does not seem to
> answer the question. Unless you recommend the IP layer to cross check
> the source address of the mac header and the target link layer option
> AND you have 802.11i type security (that prevents mac address
> spoofing), this DoS attack cannot be prevented. But i remember some
> discussion in the past regarding why IP does not do the check. So,
> wihtout that, i don't see how this attack can be prevented.
> 
> If my understanding is correct, the IP address ownership seems to
> solve the redirection attack problem i.e the attacker cannot redirect
> packets that are destined to some other address (that it does not own)
> to itself , but it still can cause flooding attacks by having the
> victim's mac address in the target link layer option of the NA.

In issue 24 we discussed this:
http://users.piuha.net/jarkko/publications/send/issues/issue24.txt
This brought us the text that follows the part that you quoted.

The first part of Section 11.1 seems to say (more on this later)
that the layer 2 - 3 binding is covered when both SEND and L2 security
are used; the second part of Section 11.1 seems to imply otherwise.

I think the bottom line is the following:

   o  L2 security such as 802.11i can indeed ensure that the right
      sender uses the given MAC address.

   o  The specific attack mentioned in the beginning of 11.1
      is that the attacker lies both about the L2 and the ND target
      address. *This* attack is in fact prevented by the use of
      L2SEC + SEND. So it only seemed that the text was inconsistent...

   o  However, there's another attack which is *not* prevented:
      the attacker lies just about the ND target address.
      Since neither L2 or SEND checks the L2 information against
      L3 information, there's currently nothing that prevents
      this attack.

   o  We have discussed the prevention of this attack in SEND,
      but it would require stacks to retain the L2 addresses
      of the packets until the packets are processed by ND.
      Folks felt that this of a too tough requirement.

So now I have a few questions:

1. Given the above, what change would you Mohan like to
    make to 11.1 to clarify it?

2. Is everyone still comfortable with the fact that no
    one is doing the L2-L3 cross check?

--Jari

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Nov 21 06:30:08 2003
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From: Soliman Hesham <H.Soliman@flarion.com>
To: "'Jari Arkko'" <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>,
        Mohan Parthasarathy
	 <mohanp@sbcglobal.net>
Cc: James Kempf <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>, ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: RE: SEND with link-layer security
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 > 2. Is everyone still comfortable with the fact that no
 >     one is doing the L2-L3 cross check?

=> Although this is probably not as bad as the 
reverse case (someone steals another node's address)
it still allows an attacker to flood another node
onlink. I don't think it's increadibly significant
but are there implementations out there that cannot 
acquire the sender's MAC address from their link layer
(802.anything) driver? 
In any case this seems like an optimisation that can
be done on a per implementation basis, so I'm wondering
whether we should say that SEND does not allow for the
L2-L3 cross check because I don't see an inherent obstacle
in SEND here, just implementation issues local to the IP
stack and the driver. 

Hesham
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Nov 21 09:06:18 2003
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From: Julien Laganier <julien.laganier@laposte.net>
To: Pekka Nikander <pekka.nikander@ericsson.com>,
        SEND WG <ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net>
Subject: Re: An API question from Samita
Date: Fri, 21 Nov 2003 11:35:01 +0100
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On Wednesday 19 November 2003 12:25, Pekka Nikander wrote:
> Following the discussion last week at Minneapolis,
> Samita Chakrabarti wants to ask the working group
> the following question:
>
>    draft-chakrabarti-ipv6-addrselect-api-02.txt already has a mechanism
>    to choose CGA and NON-CGA source addresses by the application using
>    socket api.  The SEND wg needs to decide whether such API is needed
>    for applications running on a SEND-node.  Please send the decision on
>    this to the IPv6 wg alias - based on that we will update the address
>    selection API draft (which actually goes along with RFC3484).
>
> Please send your replies to the mailing list.  The chairs
> will summarize and post the summary also to the ipv6 mailing
> list.

As this API is now defined, it allows a SeND nodes to be configured with both 
CGA and non-CGA addresses (and source address selection always prefer a CGA 
over a non-CGA), but with the possibility for debugging tools to avoid the 
penalty incurred by CGA signature and validation by reversing the sense of 
this preference.

The first examples coming to my mind are those of an administrator wanting to 
flood the network by:
o ping ff02::1, or fping (parallel ping) while there's a huge number of 
on-link nodes.
o spray (or flood) the network with UDP packets.

OTOH, there's nod doubt that the same effect (avoid CGA signature and 
validation) can be achieved through a future dedicated API. But as the source 
address selection API draft is almost ready, mentions CGA without creating 
apparent conflicts, I think it's worth keeping CGA in it.

What do folks thinks?

Thanks,
--
julien

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Fri Nov 21 09:14:05 2003
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On Wednesday 19 November 2003 12:25, Pekka Nikander wrote:
> Following the discussion last week at Minneapolis,
> Samita Chakrabarti wants to ask the working group
> the following question:
>
>    draft-chakrabarti-ipv6-addrselect-api-02.txt already has a mechanism
>    to choose CGA and NON-CGA source addresses by the application using
>    socket api.  The SEND wg needs to decide whether such API is needed
>    for applications running on a SEND-node.  Please send the decision on
>    this to the IPv6 wg alias - based on that we will update the address
>    selection API draft (which actually goes along with RFC3484).
>
> Please send your replies to the mailing list.  The chairs
> will summarize and post the summary also to the ipv6 mailing
> list.

As this API is now defined, it allows a SeND nodes to be configured with both 
CGA and non-CGA addresses (and source address selection always prefer a CGA 
over a non-CGA), but with the possibility for debugging tools to avoid the 
penalty incurred by CGA signature and validation by reversing the sense of 
this preference.

The first examples coming to my mind are those of an administrator wanting to 
flood the network by:
o ping ff02::1, or fping (parallel ping) while there's a huge number of 
on-link nodes.
o spray (or flood) the network with UDP packets.

OTOH, there's nod doubt that the same effect (avoid CGA signature and 
validation) can be achieved through a future dedicated API. But as the source 
address selection API draft is almost ready, mentions CGA without creating 
apparent conflicts, I think it's worth keeping CGA in it.

What do folks thinks?

Thanks,
--
julien

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From: "James Kempf" <kempf@docomolabs-usa.com>
To: "Jari Arkko" <jari.arkko@kolumbus.fi>,
        "Mohan Parthasarathy" <mohanp@sbcglobal.net>
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Subject: Re: SEND with link-layer security
Date: Fri, 21 Nov 2003 09:47:55 -0800
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> 2. Is everyone still comfortable with the fact that no
>     one is doing the L2-L3 cross check?
>

Might be worthwhile to mention it SHOULD be done in order to prevent the
attack.

            jak

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Subject: Re: SEND with link-layer security
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<snip>
   > > From what i can tell, it does not seem to
> > answer the question. Unless you recommend the IP layer to cross check
> > the source address of the mac header and the target link layer option
> > AND you have 802.11i type security (that prevents mac address
> > spoofing), this DoS attack cannot be prevented. But i remember some
> > discussion in the past regarding why IP does not do the check. So,
> > wihtout that, i don't see how this attack can be prevented.
> >
> > If my understanding is correct, the IP address ownership seems to
> > solve the redirection attack problem i.e the attacker cannot redirect
> > packets that are destined to some other address (that it does not own)
> > to itself , but it still can cause flooding attacks by having the
> > victim's mac address in the target link layer option of the NA.
>
> In issue 24 we discussed this:
> http://users.piuha.net/jarkko/publications/send/issues/issue24.txt
> This brought us the text that follows the part that you quoted.
>
> The first part of Section 11.1 seems to say (more on this later)
> that the layer 2 - 3 binding is covered when both SEND and L2 security
> are used; the second part of Section 11.1 seems to imply otherwise.
>
Yeah. But the second part was not very clear.

> I think the bottom line is the following:
>
>    o  L2 security such as 802.11i can indeed ensure that the right
>       sender uses the given MAC address.
>
>    o  The specific attack mentioned in the beginning of 11.1
>       is that the attacker lies both about the L2 and the ND target
>       address. *This* attack is in fact prevented by the use of
>       L2SEC + SEND. So it only seemed that the text was inconsistent...
>
>    o  However, there's another attack which is *not* prevented:
>       the attacker lies just about the ND target address.
>       Since neither L2 or SEND checks the L2 information against
>       L3 information, there's currently nothing that prevents
>       this attack.
>
Agreed.

>    o  We have discussed the prevention of this attack in SEND,
>       but it would require stacks to retain the L2 addresses
>       of the packets until the packets are processed by ND.
>       Folks felt that this of a too tough requirement.
>
> So now I have a few questions:
>
> 1. Given the above, what change would you Mohan like to
>     make to 11.1 to clarify it?
>
Yes, i am looking for a clarification. It would make it clear as to
what SEND protects.

> 2. Is everyone still comfortable with the fact that no
>     one is doing the L2-L3 cross check?
>
I just re-read Pekka's summary on this issue. There were many reasons why it
is not done.
And Erik responded saying that in some cases it even provides flexibility
like
in bridging or even in some cases where there is no actual link-layer
address.
So, i am not sure how feasible this is. But it might be worth recommending.

-mohan

> --Jari
>
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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Nov 26 11:54:46 2003
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Subject: RE: SEND with link-layer security
Date: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 16:43:14 -0000
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While reading and thinking about this thread, a question occurred to me.
Section 11.1 of draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00 states:

	For shared media, such as multiple nodes authenticated through 
	the same 802.11 AP (which acts as a single port for all nodes), 
	other measures [than 802.1x] are necessary [to prevent against 
	specific attacks]...

What 'other measures' are there, and would it be worth mentioning them
explicitly in this section of the document?

Mat

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From jari.arkko@lmf.ericsson.se  Wed Nov 26 12:52:57 2003
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Subject: Re: SEND with link-layer security
Date: Wed, 26 Nov 2003 09:48:05 -0800
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> While reading and thinking about this thread, a question occurred to me.
> Section 11.1 of draft-ietf-send-ndopt-00 states:
>
> For shared media, such as multiple nodes authenticated through
> the same 802.11 AP (which acts as a single port for all nodes),
> other measures [than 802.1x] are necessary [to prevent against
> specific attacks]...
>
> What 'other measures' are there, and would it be worth mentioning them
> explicitly in this section of the document?
>

I'm wondering now whether we should take out this paragraph and the next,
and the last sentence in the previous paragraph. I don't believe the SEND
spec should be making specific recommendations about how people should
deploy 802.11 security. I think it should be sufficient to say what the
first paragraph says, namely that SEND does not protect against attacks at
the link layer - full stop - and leave it up to the link layer specification
to say how the link layer is secured and how to deploy that security.

We could add a sentence at the end of the first paragraph that says, in
effect, consult the link layer specification for information about how to
secure the link layer.

Comments?

            jak

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To: ietf-send@standards.ericsson.net
Subject: Re: SEND with link-layer security 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Wed, 26 Nov 2003 09:48:05 PST."
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-----BEGIN PGP SIGNED MESSAGE-----


I believe that there are significant issues if we do not eventually work on
ways to bind link layer security (1x) and network layer security (SEND).

]       ON HUMILITY: to err is human. To moo, bovine.           |  firewalls  [
]   Michael Richardson,    Xelerance Corporation, Ottawa, ON    |net architect[
] mcr@xelerance.com      http://www.sandelman.ottawa.on.ca/mcr/ |device driver[
] panic("Just another Debian GNU/Linux using, kernel hacking, security guy"); [
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