From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Tue Dec  1 01:09:55 1998
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From: "Dabin Wang" <Dabin.Wang.dabwang@nt.com>
To: "'tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov'" <tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov>
Subject: send Window and pipe capacity
Date: Mon, 30 Nov 1998 23:19:41 -0500
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Is there any relationship between Send window size and pipe capacity?

Thank you

Dabin


From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Tue Dec  1 06:17:30 1998
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From: Mike Spreitzer <spreitze@parc.xerox.com>
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To: tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov, end2end-interest@isi.edu
Subject: FYI: HTTP-NG BOF at IETF-43
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At IETF-43 we will try again to form a WG for HTTP-NG;
last time we lacked proposed charter and chair, and now we have these.

HTTP-NG has some relation to the work you are doing.  In particular, the
proposed work includes looking at issues in how HTTP (1.1 and NG) use
the transport layer, and what (if anything) can be done to improve the
situation.  If you are interested, we would welcome your participation. 
You can find a home page for the proposed WG at
<http://www.w3.org/Protocols/HTTP-NG>.

The BOF is currently scheduled for 13:00--15:00 on Dec 7.

Mike


From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Tue Dec  1 10:53:23 1998
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To: tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov
Cc: "Vern Paxson" <vern@ee.lbl.gov>, "Sally Floyd" <floyd@ee.lbl.gov>,
        tomh@cs.berkeley.edu
From: Mark Allman <mallman@lerc.nasa.gov>
Reply-To: mallman@lerc.nasa.gov
Subject: WG Last Call for NewReno Draft
Organization: Late Night Hackers, NASA Lewis, Cleveland, Ohio
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Vern and I feel that the NewReno I-D is ready for publication as an
experimental RFC.  So, we're holding a 3 week last call (to end on
12/22/98) for any final comments.  The draft is available at:

ftp://ftp.ietf.org/internet-drafts/draft-ietf-tcpimpl-newreno-00.txt

allman


From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Wed Dec  2 14:56:03 1998
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To: tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov
Cc: "Vern Paxson" <vern@ee.lbl.gov>
From: Mark Allman <mallman@lerc.nasa.gov>
Reply-To: mallman@lerc.nasa.gov
Subject: notes for upcoming tcp-impl meeting
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Vern and I are looking for someone to take the official notes at the
tcpimpl meeting next week.  We would be especially interested in
someone who is somewhat knowledgable about PMTU discovery, since we
may end up discussing that in some detail.  If you can help out,
please drop Vern and I a note.

Thanks,
allman


From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Fri Dec  4 04:56:39 1998
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To: tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov
Subject: put on your PMTU discovery thinking caps
Cc: mallman@lerc.nasa.gov
Date: Thu, 03 Dec 1998 23:43:57 PST
From: Vern Paxson <vern@ee.lbl.gov>
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We've heard a number of people mention that it would be good to document
some of the pitfalls & problems of implementing PMTU discovery (something
with a bit more meat than RFC 1435).  For example, one is that if an ATM
switch doesn't have enough buffer to reassemble a bunch of cells into a
really large packet, then it will necessarily discard the packet, and if
the packet had DF set, it *won't* generate the necessary ICMP response
(because it couldn't process the full packet at all), leading to a PMTU
black hole.  (Matt Mathis pointed this one out a while back.)

Even though some of these problems aren't related to TCP implementation,
some are, and it's not clear there's a better home for discussing them than
tcpimpl.

So we've put on the Orlando agenda a discussion of PMTU discovery problems,
to try to get a feel for the scope.  Neither of your esteemed WG chairs,
though, is particularly familiar with these problems.  We'd therefore like
to encourage discussion on the list over the next few days, so we can get
things rolling in advance and figure out some of the common ground in order
to cover it quickly at the meeting.  We'd also like to encourage tcpimpl'ers
to come to the meeting prepared to discuss their favorite PMTU problems.

See you next week,

		Vern


From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Fri Dec  4 11:13:20 1998
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Date: Fri, 4 Dec 1998 09:15:16 -0500 (EST)
From: der Mouse  <mouse@Rodents.Montreal.QC.CA>
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To: tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov
Subject: Re: put on your PMTU discovery thinking caps
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> [...] pitfalls & problems of implementing PMTU discovery [...]

> Even though some of these problems aren't related to TCP
> implementation, some are, and it's not clear there's a better home
> for discussing them than tcpimpl.

...especially since discussing how to make a PMTU implementation deal
with them *is* squarely in tcpimpl's charter (at least as I understand
it).  The difference between a black hole due to an overloaded ATM
switch and a black hole due to firewalled ICMP may be interesting in
some respects, but the end systems really don't care about details of
*why* their packets aren't getting through; all they care is *that*
they aren't, and they're not hearing back about it.

Besides, how to do IP-over-ATM in a way that doesn't suffer from such
problems is arguably on-charter anyway. :-)  If enough ATM cells make
it through to reconstruct the packet's headers, you can send back a
meaningful ICMP without needing to get all of the payload.  I'm not
sure which ICMP you should send, though.  Need-frag doesn't really
apply.  Source quench, maybe, since it amounts to "I'm overloaded"?

					der Mouse

			       mouse@rodents.montreal.qc.ca
		     7D C8 61 52 5D E7 2D 39  4E F1 31 3E E8 B3 27 4B


From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Fri Dec  4 20:14:24 1998
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To: Vern Paxson <vern@ee.lbl.gov>
cc: tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov, mallman@lerc.nasa.gov
Subject: Re: put on your PMTU discovery thinking caps 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 03 Dec 1998 23:43:57 PST."
             <199812040743.XAA01294@daffy.ee.lbl.gov> 
Date: Fri, 04 Dec 1998 13:10:21 -0800
From: "Kevin M. Lahey" <kml@nas.nasa.gov>
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In message <199812040743.XAA01294@daffy.ee.lbl.gov>Vern Paxson writes
>We've heard a number of people mention that it would be good to document
>some of the pitfalls & problems of implementing PMTU discovery (something
>with a bit more meat than RFC 1435).

>So we've put on the Orlando agenda a discussion of PMTU discovery problems,
>to try to get a feel for the scope.  Neither of your esteemed WG chairs,
>though, is particularly familiar with these problems.  We'd therefore like
>to encourage discussion on the list over the next few days, so we can get
>things rolling in advance and figure out some of the common ground in order
>to cover it quickly at the meeting.  We'd also like to encourage tcpimpl'ers
>to come to the meeting prepared to discuss their favorite PMTU problems.

I listed two small problems and one large (black hole discovery)
problem a few weeks ago.  Other than that, I guess I worry about the
oft-discussed issue of when to ACK -- if MSS really doesn't mean
anything anymore, do we ACK every two, or try to determine on-the-fly
the segment size in use by the sender.

An additional problem is MSS determination for multi-homed hosts.  
If we are responding to an SYN, we can use the MSS for the interface on 
which we received the SYN.  If we are originating a SYN, we can use the 
MSS of the interface out which we expect the packet to be sent.  What 
about routing changes?  If we belatedly find out that a connection
that can use our HIPPI interface (65280 byte MTU) instead of our
Ethernet interface, the MSS would prevent us from taking advantage
of the new PMTU.  We could use the MSS of the interface with the
largest MTU, but what happens we we plug in our HIPPI PCMCIA card :-)
half-way through a very long-term connection?

Kevin
kml@nas.nasa.gov


From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Sat Dec  5 05:42:09 1998
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From: "Nagampali Narasimharao" <nnarasimharao@novell.com>
To: <tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov>
Subject: Multi Threaded Implementations of TCPIP
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Hi All,

I am a TCP/IP developer and am looking for any kind of information - right from specific issues involved to code -  (Multi Threading) MT Enabled TCP/IP stack Impementations.

Thanking You in Anticipation
Narasimha Rao



From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Tue Dec  8 01:37:54 1998
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From: Peter Ford <peterf@microsoft.com>
To: "'Vern Paxson'" <vern@ee.lbl.gov>, mallman@lerc.nasa.gov,
        tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov
Cc: sob@harvard.edu
Subject: RE: draft agenda for Orlando tcpimpl meeting
Date: Mon, 7 Dec 1998 20:48:39 -0800 
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Vern and Mark,

I would like to take the opportunity of the working group meeting in Orlando
to discuss the draft for 2001.bis and the value of the initial congestion
window.  

 I would like to discuss is modifying the current draft so that ICWND with
values of 1 or 2 is allowed.

	From the discussion on the tcp-impl list I  believe we had consensus
in the working group that values for ICWND of 1 or 2 would be okay.   Values
greater than 2 (e.g. 4) are considered by some to be problematic so we
decided to put larger values into RFC 2414 as experimental.

	I would appreciate a short time slot in Orlando to discuss this
subject with the working group.

	thanks, peter

> -----Original Message-----
> From:	Vern Paxson [SMTP:vern@ee.lbl.gov]
> Sent:	Saturday, November 28, 1998 12:30 AM
> To:	tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov
> Cc:	mallman@lerc.nasa.gov; sob@harvard.edu
> Subject:	draft agenda for Orlando tcpimpl meeting
> 
> Here's the draft agenda Mark & I have put together.  Comments/additions
> welcome, please send them as soon as possible.  (A revised agenda will
> be sent to the IETF agenda meister on Monday.)
> 
> 	1.  Agenda bashing (5 minutes)
> 	2.  Status of WG drafts:
> 	      - Known Problems, TCP Congestion Control
> 	      - NewReno I-D
> 	3.  Report on Usefulness of Documents -- Jamshid Mahdavi
> 	4.  PMTU Issues
> 
> This last is meant to be an effort to sketch out different issues with
> implementing PMTU discovery, as we're wondering if there are enough of
> these (and sufficient WG energy) to merit writing a document for them.
> 
> Also, note that this is likely to be the last tcpimpl WG meeting, with
> the group going on hiatus (though the mailing list still active) once we
> get the pending documents out.
> 
> 		Vern


From owner-tcp-impl@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Wed Dec  9 05:24:36 1998
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From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Fri Dec 11 19:03:10 1998
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From: "Padmapriya Parthasarathy" <padmapriyap@hotmail.com>
To: tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov
Subject: Window scale factor ?
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According to RFC1323, the maximum value for ws is 14. If TCP did
not use signed arithmetic (all SEQ_XX macros are signed)
for detecting old/new data and used unsigned arithmetic with
proper wraparound checks, would the value for ws be 15 ?

Thanks
Priya

______________________________________________________
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From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Fri Dec 11 20:03:39 1998
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From: David Borman <dab@BSDI.COM>
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> From: "Padmapriya Parthasarathy" <padmapriyap@hotmail.com>
> Subject: Window scale factor ?
> Date: Fri, 11 Dec 1998 14:04:52 PST
>
> According to RFC1323, the maximum value for ws is 14. If TCP did
> not use signed arithmetic (all SEQ_XX macros are signed)
> for detecting old/new data and used unsigned arithmetic with
> proper wraparound checks, would the value for ws be 15 ?

No.  Think of the sequence space as a circle.  The 1/2 of the
circle ahead of any given point is the upcoming data, the 1/2
of the circle behind it is the old data.  You don't want to
advertise a window of all the new data, because then you are
butting right up agains the old data.  So, you limit the window
to 1/2 of the upcoming data, or 1/4 of the total sequence space.
That give you a maximum window shift of 14.

			-David Borman, dab@bsdi.com


From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Tue Dec 15 11:19:22 1998
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To: tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov
From: Geert Jan de Groot <GeertJan.deGroot@bsdi.com>
Subject: Re: put on your PMTU discovery thinking caps 
In-reply-to: Your message of "Thu, 03 Dec 1998 23:43:57 PST."
             <199812040743.XAA01294@daffy.ee.lbl.gov> 
Date: Tue, 15 Dec 1998 14:55:05 +0100
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On Thu, 03 Dec 1998 23:43:57 PST  Vern Paxson wrote:
> We've heard a number of people mention that it would be good to document
> some of the pitfalls & problems of implementing PMTU discovery (something
> with a bit more meat than RFC 1435).  

I have seen a particular failure mode a number of times; while it's
not an implementation fault, the failure mode is arcane enough that
it has lead to a number of escalations and it would be good to document it.

For example, see the following scenario:


          -------------          ----------
          |           |          |        | 
   (1)    |           |   (2)    |        |   (3)
 <========| ALG/proxy |----------| Router |-------->  ISP
          |           |          |        | 
          |           |          |        | 
          -------------          ----------

(1) is a FDDI ring to a customer's internal network (MTU=4470)
(2) is a DMZ existing of a regular ethernet 
(3) is a T1 serial link to an ISP.

There is a configuration error in this network: the MTU on the
serial line of the router is 1500 bytes (default); the ISP's end
of the serial line is 4470 bytes. The rest of the path to a remote
web server has MTU=4470 all the way, so that packets of this size
can be sent by the web server to the ISP end of serial line (3)
without being fragmented along the path.

Without PMTU discovery, this MTU mismatch would go undetected
as the proxy would send a small MSS (1460). Because of this, the web server
will send 1460-byte packets which will pass Router without a problem.

With PMTU however, the host MUST send a large MSS even over ethernet
(so that it can take advantage if a route flap causes the traffic
to go over FDDI, we could use FDDI's MTU). So, we'll send MSS=4430
and as a result, the web server will send 4470-bytes packets, 
which will be sent through the ISP's router onto the serial line.

However, because Router's serial interface is configured for MTU=1500,
the packet will get dropped because it's oversized. No ICMP error
message is sent because Router can't receive the whole packet
and hence can't generate an ICMP message.
Because no ICMP message is sent, packet retransmissions from the web server
will have the same size and will also be silently dropped.

This leads to the following scenario:
- One is able to ping remote site
- When sending a HTTP request (in this example), the TCP handshake
  happens, one is able to send the HTTP request (and have the request
  data ACKed by TCP), and then total silence till things time out,
  leading to responses like "the web site doesn't respond", or worse
  "this problem started with your new release with PMTU discovery,
  so your product has a problem with PMTU discovery"

Typically I detect this kind of problem by sending large-size ping
packets to the remote end of a suspect link. If the link is misconfigured,
then the ICMP echo response won't make it back to us (but it will work
for small-size ICMP echo packets). 
Traceroute won't be able to detect this because the response packet is 
always small.

I think that documenting these types of scenarios (which is similar to Matt's)
would be very useful. While it's indeed not in the direct scope of 
the tcp-IMPL wg, this venue does have the people with the right experience
so that a good document can be made.
I have done a little testing and found this type of problem more common
than I expected, so writing it up would be good.

Geert Jan

PS: I just saw a note in the is-is WG where they discussed making the
HELLO packet max size, just to detect his problem. I'm not sure if
putting this kind of test in a routing protocol is a good idea,
but having a widespread test would be good.



From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Tue Dec 15 20:06:23 1998
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To: tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov
From: Danny McPherson <danny@qwest.net>
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Subject: Re: put on your PMTU discovery thinking caps 
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Note that ISIS-WG is not "putting this kind of test in a routing protocol", 
it's been there for quite some time.  We're merely leaving it until something 
better comes along.  It is quite useful, though.

-danny


> PS: I just saw a note in the is-is WG where they discussed making the
> HELLO packet max size, just to detect his problem. I'm not sure if
> putting this kind of test in a routing protocol is a good idea,
> but having a widespread test would be good.






From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Fri Dec 18 14:39:52 1998
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To: tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov
Cc: "Vern Paxson" <vern@ee.lbl.gov>
From: Mark Allman <mallman@lerc.nasa.gov>
Reply-To: mallman@lerc.nasa.gov
Subject: new version of TCP Congestion Control
Organization: Late Night Hackers, NASA Lewis, Cleveland, Ohio
Song-of-the-Day: Friend Of The Devil
Date: Fri, 18 Dec 1998 12:51:21 -0500
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Folks-

We just sent in a new version of the ``TCP Congestion Control'' I-D
(which will be draft-ietf-tcpimpl-cong-control-02.txt).  It should
be available from the archives soon.  You can grab a copy of the
I-D, as well as context and word diffs between this version and the
last version at:

    http://gigahertz.lerc.nasa.gov/~mallman/share/tcpimpl/

The following changes were either minor editting nits or in response
to things raised in the last call period...

-Minor wording tweaks
-Changed the allowed initial window from 1*MSS to up to 2*MSS, per
 the short discussion in Orlando.
-We deleted the MSS definition and replaced it with two new
 definitions.  SMSS, which is the segment size the sender uses (per
 the MTU or Path MTU Discovery, or whatever).  And, RMSS is the
 segment size announced by the receiver in the MSS option (or the
 default, if the option is not used).  Hopefully, by using more
 specific terms, we have made the text more clear.

We believe there is strong concensus for this document now and plan
is to send this document to the IESG soon (probably next week with
the newreno draft, assuming no large objections to that document
appear before the WG last-call ends next Tuesday).

allman


From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Sat Dec 19 05:04:13 1998
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Subject: Re: new version of TCP Congestion Control
In-reply-to: Your message of Fri, 18 Dec 1998 12:51:21 PST.
Date: Sat, 19 Dec 1998 00:03:20 PST
From: Vern Paxson <vern@ee.lbl.gov>
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> -Changed the allowed initial window from 1*MSS to up to 2*MSS, per
>  the short discussion in Orlando.

For those of you who weren't at the meeting, this change was approved
by strong acclamation.

		Vern


From owner-tcp-impl@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Sun Dec 20 08:02:59 1998
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From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Wed Dec 23 16:13:18 1998
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From: Internet-Drafts@ietf.org
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the TCP Implementation Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: TCP Congestion Control
	Author(s)	: M. Allman,  V. Paxson, W. Stevens
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tcpimpl-cong-control-02.txt
	Pages		: 11
	Date		: 22-Dec-98
	
    This document defines TCP's four intertwined congestion control
    algorithms: slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and
    fast recovery.  In addition, the document specifies how TCP should
    begin transmission after a relatively long idle period, as well as
    discussing various acknowledgment generation methods.

A URL for this Internet-Draft is:
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Internet-Drafts are also available by anonymous FTP. Login with the username
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From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Wed Dec 23 20:06:35 1998
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From: Neal Cardwell <cardwell@cs.washington.edu>
To: Mark Allman <mallman@lerc.nasa.gov>
cc: tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov, Vern Paxson <vern@ee.lbl.gov>
Subject: Re: new version of TCP Congestion Control
In-Reply-To: <199812181751.MAA07588@guns.lerc.nasa.gov>
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There seems to be a small ambiguity in section 3.1, "Slow Start and
Congestion Avoidance":

    The slow start algorithm
    is used when cwnd < ssthresh, while the congestion avoidance
    algorithm is used when cwnd > ssthresh.  When cwnd and ssthresh are
    equal the sender may use either slow start or congestion avoidance.

    During slow start, a TCP increments cwnd by at most MSS bytes for
    each ACK received that acknowledges new data.  Slow start ends when
    cwnd exceeds ssthresh (or, optionally, when it reaches it, as noted
    above); or when cwnd reaches rwnd; or when congestion is observed.

This last sentence says that slow start ends when cwnd reaches rwnd. This
seems to confuse things a bit. I suspect this sentence is alluding to the
fact that the exponential growth in sending rate that we usually associate
with slow start is going to stop when cwnd hits the rwnd ceiling. But it's
my understanding from reading the popular TCP implementations that the
more fundamental aspect of slow start -- the increase of cwnd by SMSS
bytes for each ACK received -- continues even when cwnd is above rwnd, as
long as cwnd is still below (or at) ssthresh.

So either
 a) TCP is supposed to exit slow start (stop the exponential growth of
cwnd) when cwnd reaches rwnd. This makes a lot of sense, but i don't think
this is what most TCP implementations do, and i don't think this is what
the draft is proposing. If it is proposing this, then i think the draft
should be more explicit about what TCP is supposed to do when cwnd hits
rwnd.
   or
 b) TCP is not supposed to exit slow start (stop the exponential growth of
cwnd) when cwnd reaches rwnd. In this case, i guess the "or when cwnd
reaches rwnd; " phrase above should be omitted from the draft.

Happy Holidays!
neal

ps: btw, i guess the "MSS" in the second paragraph above should be "SMSS".



From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Thu Dec 24 12:11:10 1998
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the TCP Implementation Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: TCP Congestion Control
	Author(s)	: M. Allman,  V. Paxson, W. Stevens
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tcpimpl-cong-control-02.txt
	Pages		: 11
	Date		: 22-Dec-98
	
    This document defines TCP's four intertwined congestion control
    algorithms: slow start, congestion avoidance, fast retransmit, and
    fast recovery.  In addition, the document specifies how TCP should
    begin transmission after a relatively long idle period, as well as
    discussing various acknowledgment generation methods.

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From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Thu Dec 24 12:58:03 1998
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--NextPart

A New Internet-Draft is available from the on-line Internet-Drafts directories.
This draft is a work item of the TCP Implementation Working Group of the IETF.

	Title		: The NewReno Modification to 
                          TCP's Fast Recovery Algorithm
	Author(s)	: S. Floyd, T. Henderson
	Filename	: draft-ietf-tcpimpl-newreno-01.txt
	Pages		: 11
	Date		: 23-Dec-98
	
   RFC 2001 [RFC2001] documents the following four intertwined TCP
   congestion control algorithms: Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, Fast
   Retransmit, and Fast Recovery.  RFC 2001-bis [RFC2001-bis] explicitly
   allows certain modifications of these algorithms, including
   modifications that use the TCP Selective Acknowledgement (SACK)
   option [MMFR96], and modifications that respond to ``partial
   acknowledgments'' (ACKs which cover new data, but not all the data
   outstanding when loss was detected) in the absence of SACK.  This
   document describes a specific algorithm for responding to partial
   acknowledgments, referred to as NewReno.  This response to partial
   acknowledgments was first proposed by Janey Hoe in [Hoe95].

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From owner-tcp-impl@cthulhu.engr.sgi.com  Mon Dec 28 04:27:29 1998
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Subject: 055  ===>> FREE 1 yr USA Magazine Sub sent worldwide-200+
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To be removed from our mailing list, send a blank email message, with the
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or send via smail (first class mail or airmail) to:
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If you can't find someone with a typewriter or a computer printer, we
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WHO WE ARE:

Tempting Tear-Outs is an advertising company that brings potential new
customers to the companies they advertise for.

MORE ABOUT THE COMPANY MAKING THE FREE OFFER:

The company making the offer is a magazine subscription agency based in the
USA.  They have over 1,100 popular USA titles available to be shipped to
*any* country, including of course, to anywhere in the USA!    They offer a
FREE 1 yr. subscription to your choice of over 200 of the titles in their
catalogue to any new customer using them for the first time.       The
dollar value of the freebies, based on the subscription prices directly
from the publishers, ranges from $6.97 all the way up to $50.00!

For new customers in the USA, there is no charge for FPH (foreign postage &
handling), so the freebie is 100% free!   For new customers living
overseas, the only charge on the freebie would be for the FPH (foreign
postage & handling).

Their president has been in the magazine subscription business since 1973
and they are very customer-service oriented.   They will even help you with
address changes on your magazines, even if you move from one country to
another country.   They have thousands of happy customers in over 59
countries.

Their price guarantee is very simple:       they guarantee that their
subscription prices are the lowest available and they will BEAT any
legitimate, verifiable offer before you pay them or match it afterwards, by
refunding you the difference in price PLUS the cost of the postage stamp
you would use sending in the special offer to them, even 6 months after you
pay them, as long as it was current at the time of your offer.    Does that
sound fair?       Wouldn't it be great if everything you bought came with
that price guarantee?

Sometimes they are less than half of the next best deal out there,
sometimes just a little cheaper, but always you get the lowest rates
without having to shop around.     With 1,100+ titles on their list, they
would like to think that they have also the best selection around!

Within the USA, for their USA customers, they are cheaper than all their
competitors and even the publishers themselves.  This is their price
guarantee.         The 1 yr. freebie that you get with your first order is
completely free!

Overseas, (even after you factor in the cost of the FPH (foreign postage &
handling) and the conversion from USA Dollars to your currency), on the
average, they are generally around one-fourth to one-half of what the
newsstands overseas charge locally for USA magazines.  On some titles they
are as little as one-tenth of what the newsstands charge.  They are also
the cheapest subscription source for delivery overseas, including directly
from the publishers themselves!   Some publishers don't even offer
subscriptions overseas.........but overseas subscriptions are this
company's specialty!  They feel that magazines should not be a luxury
overseas.   In the USA, people buy magazines and then toss them after
reading them for just a few minutes or hours.  They are so cheap in the
USA!   Well, this company would like to make it the same way for their
overseas customers.  They are also cheaper than all their competitors in
the USA and overseas, including the publishers themselves!   It is also
*highly unlikely* you will find any of their USA competitors calling you
overseas, in order to offer that personal touch, just to sell you a couple
of magazines!  But that is what this company specializes in and loves
doing!     Around one-half their business comes from overseas, so they are
very patient with new customers who only speak limited English as a 2nd
language.    Subscription prices quoted for overseas consist of the
subscription price, plus the FPH.   You add the two together and that is
your total cost.   The exception is the 1 yr. freebie you get with your
first order.   On that title, you pay *only* the FPH for the 1 yr. term.

Their prices are so cheap because when you deal with them, you cut-out all
the middlemen.


HERE IS HOW YOU CAN GET MORE INFO AND GET STARTED WITH THEM:

Simply fax or smail back to us the reply form listed at the top of this
message.   We will then forward your form on to the subscription agency.
They will then email their "big and juicy" catalogue to you, in whichever
of the two formats you chose.   The catalogue is FREE and makes for hours
of fascinating reading, on its own. It includes the complete list of
freebies, a complete list of all the titles they sell, as well as detailed
descriptions on most of the titles, along with lists of titles by category
of interest and their terms of sale.

They will then give you a friendly, no-pressure, no obligation, 5-minute
call to go over how they work and to answer any questions that you might
have, as well as give you up-to-the minute price quotes on any titles you
might be considering.     They will call you in whatever country you live
in, taking the time difference into account.        As they like to
emphasize the personal touch they give to each new customer, all first-time
orders can only be done via phone, so they can answer all your questions
completely and personally.   Once you have placed your first order via
phone, you will be able to place future orders and make inquiries on your
account, get price quotes, etc., all via email, if that is most convenient
for you.

Within the USA, they accept payment via check over the phone, Mastercard,
Visa, American Express, Diner's Club and Carte Blanche.    Overseas, they
accept Mastercard, Visa, American Express, Diner's Club and Carte Blanche,
even if your credit card is a local one in local currency (that most
merchants in the USA would not normally be willing to accept).

That's our introduction of our client that we represent.   We hope that we
have piqued your interest and that you will take the next step to get their
free catalogue!   Thank you for your time and interest.

--
Tempting Tear-Outs.
For more info on advertising rates, please write us on your company
letterhead, w/business card, via smail to:   Tempting Tear-Outs, 3835
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From owner-tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov  Mon Dec 28 19:46:27 1998
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To: Neal Cardwell <cardwell@cs.washington.edu>
From: Mark Allman <mallman@lerc.nasa.gov>
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cc: tcp-impl@lerc.nasa.gov, Vern Paxson <vern@ee.lbl.gov>
Subject: Re: new version of TCP Congestion Control 
Organization: Late Night Hackers, NASA LeRC, Cleveland, Ohio
Song-of-the-Day: Heavy Fuel
Date: Mon, 28 Dec 1998 18:07:40 -0500
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> This last sentence says that slow start ends when cwnd reaches
> rwnd.

Neal-

Thanks for pointing this out.  Depending on the implementation, cwnd
may grow well past rwnd.  Although, I think it would also be fine
for an implementation to cap cwnd growth at rwnd, as well.  In any
case, I think it is an implementation issue.  So, we are going to
to remove the language that indicates that slow start ends when rwnd
is reached and send out a new version of the document soon (and,
submit the document to the IESG).

Oh, and thanks for catching the remaining "MSS" reference.  I made
another pass and hopefully have caught all of them now.

Thanks,
allman


